two handfuls Seeds of Lettice Parsley Dill an Ê’ij Fat Figs. noÌ„ vij new Milk and Water an 〈◊〉 ij boyl them to the Consumption of the third part then strain them After he had used this Apozem two days he voided every day much viscous and tough Matter together with his Urin and after he had made use of two of these Decoctions he was quite freed from his troublesome Distemper ANNOTATIONS THere are various Causes of the difficulty of making water Inflammation Imposthume Stone in the Bladder the Flesh grown over a cold Distemper of the Bladder and Sphincter thick and viscous humors either mixed with Urine or sticking close to the Bladder and it's Sphincter with several others of the same Nature of which the two latter are the most frequent But all in particular do not only cause a difficulty of Urine but sometimes absolutely stop the Urine as it happened to the Boy before mentioned which they who cut off the Stone had viewed and thought he had the Stone and judged him to be cut But I believing his Distemper arose not from the Stone but from a thick and tenacious Flegm that stopped up the Bladder and the passage of it as I had observed had frequently happened to younger Children rather chose to begin the Cure with attenuating lenifying and Diuretic Medicaments seeing that many times such Medicaments expel little stones also But in this case when Children cannot swallow ungrateful Medicines I have known flowers oâ—… Camomil boyl'd in new Milk with Figsâ—… do a great deal of good especially iâ—… after the boiling and the straining the said Flowers be lay'd to hot to the Region of the Hair and the Decoction at the same time given to drink Forestus in the same case commends Pellitory and Chervil boiled and applied hot to the Region of the Hair with Butter and Oyl of Scorpions Mercurialis applauds Garlick bruised and applied to the Bladder Amatus of Portugal extols a Turnep hollow'd and fill'd with Oyl of Dill and then roasted in the Embers afterwards bruised and laid on OBSERVATION VIII Suppression of the Courses JOan Elberty a strong Maid of about twenty four Years of Age complained that her Purgations had stopped for four Months so that she was in a very bad Condition tortured with pains in her left side and Head sometimes troubled with Suffocations and her Stomach quite gone After I had ordered her an attenuating and heating Diet and forbid her all things that generate tough and viscous Humours the sixth of Ianuary I Purged her with Electuary of Hiera Picra then I prescribed her this Apozem to drink three times a day â„ž Roots of Lovage Master-wort Fennel stone Parsley Valerian an â„¥ s. Sassafrass-wood Ê’iij Nep Mag-wort Peny-royal white-Mint Fever-few an one handful Flowers of Camomil half a handful Seeds of Lovage wild Carrots Gith an Ê’ij Laurel Berry Ê’j s. Tartar of Rhenish-wine Ê’vj stoned Raisins â„¥ ij common Water q. s. boyl these for an Apozem of two pints The 11th of Ianuary I Purged her again with an Infusion of the Flowers of Senna and Agaric with a mixture of Hiera Picra The next day I prescribed her another Apozem to drink like the former â„ž Root of Master-wort â„¥ j. of Elecampane Valerian Parsley an â„¥ s. Dittany round Birth-wort an Ê’iij Mug-wort Nep Savio Foverifew Rue Peny-Royal an one handful Southernwood Flowers of Camomil an one handful Seeds of Parsley Gith Lovage wild Carrots an Ê’j s. red Vetches â„¥ j. s. common Salt and White-wine an equal parts make an Apozem for two pints Fourteenth of Ianuary I prescribed her this Electuary of which she was to take the quantity of a Filberd before she drank of her Apozem â„ž Specier Diacurcume Cremor Tartar Trochists of Myrrh Hoglice prepared Steel prepared an Ê’j seeds of Parsley Nep Venetian Borax an Ê’ s. Salt Prunella Eastern Saffron an ℈ j. reduce all these into a very fine Powder to which add Oyl of Iuniper Amber an ℈ j. of Dill drops vij Electuary of Hiera Picra â„¥ s. Syrup of preserved Elecampane Roots q. s. make an Electuary Moreover because she felt a hardness at the bottom of her Belly about her Navel I prescribed this Sere-cloth â„ž Gum Opoponax Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar Emplaster de Cumino of Melilot an Ê’ij of Castor Pulverized Ê’j mix them and make them into a Roll to be spread q. s. upon red Leather The nineteenth of Ianuary she was let Blood in the Saphena Vein of the left Foot and bled indifferent well The last Apozem was repeated again which she took together with her Electuary till the twenty eight of Ianuary at what time her courses came down very copious after that she was very well in Health ANNOTATIONS A Long suppression of the Courses is oft-times the Cause of very great Distempers For from hence arise Suffocations of the Matrix and the pale Colours of Virgins hence Palpitations of the Heart Vertigo's terrible pains in the Head Joynts Back and Loyns Fevers Swooning Fits Coughs difficult breathing Cholic and Nepheretic pains and lastly the evil continuing long Melancholy Passions swelling of the Bowels and Dropsies Therefore the Cure is not to be delay'd for the longer the Courses stop with so much the more difficulty are they provoked to come down The Cause of this Distemper is the Narrowness of the Vessels of the Womb which again are accompanied with several other Causes as Obstruction Constipation Coalescence or growing together Compression and Settlement But the most frequent Cause is an obstruction occasioned by thick and viscous humors Which thickness and viscousness is either in the Blood it self when it is too cold or viscous or else when Excrementitious Flegmatic and Melancholy Humors are mixd with the good Blood and with that good Blood carried to the Veins of the Womb where they cause the Oppelation But this Obstruction and Viscousness of the Humors as it is more or less or has been of longer or shorter Continuance so the Cure is performed by gentler or more violent Medicaments with more ease or more difficulty But in the Cure of our Patient we were forced to use the stronger Medicaments as well in regard of the cold season of the Year as the greatness of the Obstruction For she was wont to eat green Fruit and course Meats that beget a viscous and cold Nourishment which had gathered together a great quantity of the thick and crude Humors OBSERVATION IX An incurable Hoarsness A Holland Boor in a quarrel between Carters had received a wound with a Knife in the right side of his Neck near his Throat The wound was soon cured by a Chyrurgeon After some Months he came to me to prescribe him something for an Extraordinary hoarsness with which he began to be troubled so soon as he had received the wound and which the Physitian who had had him in Cure together with the Chyrugeon could no way remove with all the Looches Lozenges and Decoctions which they
after all the Cough still remain give him this Bolus twice a week as he goes to Bed â„ž Philonium Romanum Nicholas's Rest Mithridate of Damocrates an ℈ j. Mix them for a Bolus At other times let him use his Apozenâ—… and Tablets XVII To corroborate his Head let him wear this Cap. â„ž Leaves of Marjoram Rosemary P ij Flowers of Red Roses and Lavender an P. j. Nutmeg Benjamin Cloves an ℈ ij Beat them into a gross Powder for a Quilt XVIII If after all this there be no abatement of the Catarrh and Cough then to divert and evacuate the flowing humour make an Issue in the Arm or rather in the Neck XIX Let him keep his Head and Breast warm against the Injuries of the cold and moist Air. Let his Diet be of easie Digestion and good Nourishment seasoned with Turneps Chervil Hyslop Marjoram Betony Baum Rice Barley cleansed Spices Raisins Sugar and such like Ingredients Let his drink be middling not stale Hydromel anchosated or sweet Wine moderately taken and let him avoid all acid sharp salt and sowre things Let him be moderate in his Sleep and Exercise and take care to keep his Body open HISTORY IV. Of an Asthma A Young Man thirty years of age of a strong Constitution but careless of his Diet and living a sedentary Life some years ago having overheated himself with Walking and presently opening his Breast and throwing aside his Cloaths fell a drinking cold Rhenish-Wine and presently was taken with a Difficulty of Breathing which made him pant and heave and the next day the Malady still increasing he was in such a Condition that the third Day he could not breath unless he stood upright so that for fourteen Days he could not lye in his Bed but was forced to sit or stand whole Days and Nights together but he was more troubled in the Night than Day time After a little Cough happening which brought up a good quantity of tough and viscous Flegm his difficulty of Breathing abated and he recovered his former Condition From that time forward he was often afflicted with the same Distemper by Intervals sometimes more sometimes fewer Days together more especially if he exposed himself to the Air when very hot or drank cold Rhenish and this he further observed that when the North-wind blew he was presently seized with this Distemper unless he had a great Care of himself and that rather in the Summer and Autumn than in the Winter During this Malady his Stomach was indifferent but he could hardly eat for narrowness of the Parts and after Meals his Difficulty of Breathing grew worse He had a great Inclination to Sleep but no sooner had he closed his Eyes but he waked with Terror and Faintness so that during the Fit he could not sleep for some Days and Nights together His Belly and Breast seemed to be distended by Wind sometimes he felt a heavy Pain in his Head with a Chilliness in the hinder Part toward the Neck And about this time he had another terrible Fit not without danger of Suffocation He had no Fever nor complained of any Pain in any other Parts of the Body I. THis Mans Distemper is an Asthma which is a difficult panting and heaving Respiration and it was indeed the highest degree of this Distemper which we call Orthophnaea which is an extraordinary Difficulty of Breathing in which the Patients cannot sleep but standing upright becuse of the Narrowness of the Respiratory Parts II. The antecedent Causes of this Distemper were flegmatic Humors abounding in the Body The Original Causes were Heat and Cold. The containing Cause is a tough and viscous Humor accumulated in the Bronchia of the Lungs and fastned to them III. The flegmatic Constitution of the whole Body causes a Redundancy of cold crude and flegmatic Humors therein Especially in those Parts which being cold of themselves are over-chill'd by some external Cause so that the Body being overheated by viblent Exercise the Blood and Humors are more swiftly moved and many Vapors excited in the lower Parts which by a sudden Cold are condensed and collected in the Brain in greater quantity But in regard the Bronchia are cold of themselves and more refrigerated by the Cold of the In-breath'd Air they fasten to them like a tough Bird-lime and contracting them cause difficulty of breathing To which the Access of a Defluxion from the Brain causes a greater Contraction consequently a greater Difficulty of breathing attended with Wheezing Nor can the Patient breath but standing upright the Lungs being pendulous are most easily dilated in that Posture and the Bronchia are more open in that Situation IV. The Distemper is still worse toward Night because the nocturnal Cold thickens the Flegmatic Humors and renders them more tenacious by which means they become more obstructive to the Bronchia V. At length when the tenacious Matter is abated and thrown off by coughing then the Obstruction of the Bronchia abates and the Difficulty of breathing ceases till the condensing and falling down of new Vapors VI. Which was plain because the North-wind was so hurtful to him the reason of which was because that Wind streightned the Pores condensed the Humors and Vapors and chill'd the Head and Lungs And because the Body is hotter and raises the Vapors more copious in the Summer therefore the sudden Chilliness of that Wind more suddenly condenses and fastens them to the colder Bronchia VII The Stomach of the Patient continued good because neither the inbreathed Air nor the Defluxions from the Head offended the Stomach But the Difficulty of breathing was worse after Meals by reason of the Vapors raised by the Concoction of the Stomach which ascending to the middle and upper Belly are condensed in both and in the one fasten themselves to the Bronchia VIII He cannot sleep because he is forced to satisfie the Necessity of Respiration in the Dilatation of the Breast which failing in Sleep and consequently Respiration he is waked with Terror and Faintness and compelled to wake that he may breath and to breath with violence that he may live IX The Belly and Breast seem to be distended by Wind though it be not Wind but the continual and copious Flux of the Animal Spirits for the Relief of the Lungs which distends the Respiratory Muscles which makes him think they are distended with Wind. X. The heavy Pain in his Head proceeds from the abundance of Cold Humors collected in his Head And thence that Chilliness in the hinder part of it XI There was no Fever in regard that neither the Blood nor Humors were corrupted Nor Pain in any other Part the sharp Humors being all got together in the Head and Lungs of this Patient XII This Disease is dangerous as threatning a Suffocation especially iâ—… a new Defluxion fall from the Head upon the Lungs during the Continuance of the Malady XIII In the Method of Cure to the containing Cause must be removed that obstructs the Lungs
superficial contiguous or disjoyn'd white or ruddy livid violet or other colored soft or hard high or low quick or slowly coming forth External or Internal CHAP. III. Of the Causes of the Small Pox. THE Causes of the Small Pox are External or Internal Concerning which there are various and great Contentions among the most Eminent Physitians so much the more vainly eager because of little or no use in regard that whatsoever be the cause of the Distempers the cure is still the same Avicen and most of the Arabians the first most accurate Describers of these Diseases refer the material Cause to the Impurity of the Mothers Blood slagnant in the Woman with Child and with which the Birth was nourished in the Womb. Which Corruption they write lyes dormant so long in the Body till by vertue of some specific efficient Cause it be provoked to a fermentaceous Effervescency and being powred forth into the Mass of the Blood it sets it all in a boiling Condition and by that means separates that Defilment adhering from the Birth to some minute Particles of the Body and being so separated pushes it forward together with the Particles of the Blood so defiled by it to the Extream Parts of the Body and there raises up those Wheals as in new Wine the Heterogeneal Parts are separated from the Homogeneal Parts of the Wine by Fermentaceous Ebullition Avenzoar seems to differ somewhat from Avicen for observing that the Birth in the Womb without hazard of Life can hardly be nourished by the impure menstruous Blood restagnant therein but with some other Blood good of it self only by reason of its Fellowship with the menstruous Blood defiled by its Superior Corruption and farther that Men in the Womb must be nourished either with some such menstruous Blood or some other impure Blood and for that reason contracted that Impurity from the first Nutrition of the Parts Hence it was that the Arabians believed that all Men were subject to the Small-Pox in regard that Impurity was again to be separated from the Parts So that if that Specific Fermentaceous Effervescency be strongly and efficiently performed at the first coming of the Small-Pox then that Impurity becomes totally evacuated and then the Person to whom that Disease happens lives free from that Distemper all the rest of his Life as when Butter is once by a strong Churming separated from Milk turning sowr no Churming how violent soever can separate any more Butter from it But if that Effervescency be not violent enough that Impurity happens not to be totally expelled and so the same Person when the Reliques of that Defilement ferment again upon some other Cause may happen to have the same Distemper a second and third time but rarely a fourth Duncanus Liddelius stoutly defends the Opinion of the Arabians which is also followed by Fracastorius Amatus Forestus and several other Physitians and among the rest by Thomas Willis Lib. de Feb. c. 15. Where among other Reasons for greater Confirmation he adds these Words In the Womb of Woman says he as in most other Creatures there is generated a certain Ferment which being communicated to the Mass of Blood gives it Vigor and Spirit and causes it to swell at certain Periods of Time and procures an Expulsion of the Superstâ—…ous Blood But at the time of Conception when the Flowers cease to â—…low the chiefest Part of this Ferment is expended upon the Birth and the Particles of it heterogeneous from some of the rest as it were somewhat of foreign Substance are confused with the Mass of the Blood and Humors where they lye dormant a long time Afterwards being stirred and provoked by some evident Cause they ferment with the Blood and make it first boyl and then congeal from whence various Symptoms of this Disease arise Gentilis rejects this Opinion of the Arabians not believing the Birth to be nourished in the Womb with any Impure Blood nor that so much Impurity could abide for so many years in Men grown up and old People when they are seized with the Small-Pox after so many Purgations by Sweat Fevers Itches and other intervening Diseases besides the Cure of the Great Pox nor can he think but that Women must be cleared of those Impurities in so long a time by their monthly Evacuations Mercurialis complies with Gentilis who also asserts that the Small Pox is a Hereditary Disease and consequently that there is hardly any Man who can escape them because all Men are born of Parents vitiated by this Distemper and he endeavours to confirm this Opinion of his by several sinewy Reasons which however Daniel Sennnertus overthrows by others much the stronger Fernelius observing something occult in the Productions of the Small Pox besides the various Reasons propounded by Gentilis and others affirms that they are produced by sâ—…me Celestial and hidden Causes which when Infants and Children are less able to withstand than People grown up Hence he says it happens that the one are much more Subject to this Disease than the other But this Opinion of Fernelius is notably refuted by Mercurialis Lib. de Morb. Puer Sennertus grants the Small Pox to rise and be thrust forth by some certain and determined putrid Ebullition of the Humors but he will have this Ebullition to arise from three Causes from the Malignant Air from the Mothers Blood and vitious Nourishment and labours in a large Explanation of his this his own and the Opinion of the Arabians and Fernelius But to speak the truth none of these Opinions please me Not that of the Arabians because besides the Reasons alledged by Gentilis there is this one more For that seeing that Defilement contracted from the Mothers Blood is asserted to be common to all Men there would be no Man excused from this Disease which is contrary to Experience when several that have liv'd to an extream old Age never had the Small-Pox in their Lives as we have known several in our own Family Besides if the Impurity of the Menstruous Blood communicated to the Birth were the Cause of the Small-Pox why are not those Women themselves subject to it whose Flowers stop beyond the Course of Nature especially they who never had their Courses in all their Lives yet for all that were fruitful and had several Children of which Women there are several Examples to be found in Trincavellius Guainerius Bertinus Marcellus Donatus Ioubert Fabricius and several others Besides that private Defilement of every Woman could very hardly infect others by Contagion or excite a latent Contamination in the Bodies of others to a like Ebullition If you say it may then give me a Reason why all they that fit by and attend upon People when the Pox is come forth and endure their Stenches are not infected with the Small Pox though they never had them before Why has not that Contagion infected me that am near seventy years of Age who have visited thousands in the height
of that Distemper endured their Stenches and handled their Ulcers Why some upon the Sight at a distance of a Person that has newly had the Small-Pox are presently seized by the Distemper It being a thing almost incredible that the Contagion or infecting Contamination flowing from the Sick Patient should fly at such a distance from the Sick to the Sound and Healthy and so infect him and leave those untouch'd that are always conversant in the Room Nor do I understand that which Thomas Willis adds for the Confirmation of his Opinion that that same private Contamination being provoked by some Cause serments with the Blood and makes it first boyl and then coagulate For since Ebullition always causes a greater Attenuation I do not comprehend how that can cause Coagulation Moreover if such a spontaneous Coagulation were necessary after Ebullition Physitians at the beginning of the Distemper would ill apply attenuating Diaphoretics as being a hindrance to that Coagulation and afterwards they would as erroneously prescribe thickning things as Lentils Tragacanth Figgs c. which would cause too great a Coagulation Both which are repugnant to Experience when both the one and the other are successfully made use of in the Cure of this Distemper Nor does the Opinion of Fernelius please me for he according to his Custom deduces occult Celestial Causes in occult Diseases from the Influences of the Stars But how uncertain and how frivolous all those things are which are deduced from those Influxes either by Astrologers or Physitians is apparent from what we have wrote in our Treatise De Peste Lib. 1. Cap. 8. Neither can I approve the Opinion of Sennertus For he proposes three Causes of vitious Fermentation yet by means of that Specific Malignancy which remains in the Small-Pox cannot be explained and why by vertue of that vitious Fermentation procured by those three Causes the Small-Pox should be occasioned rather than other malignant putrid and pestilent Fevers or the Itch St. Anthonies-Fire Cancers or such like Diseases As to the External and Primary Causes of the Small-Pox by which the Internal Humors are moved Physitians agree the chief of them to be 1. A peculiar Disposition and depraved Quality of the Air to which belong the more remarkable Mutations of the Seasons as the hot and moist Constitution of the Spring and Autumn the Southern Winds and warm Constitution of the Winter 2. The Perturbation of the Blood and Humors to which belong immoderate Exercise frequent Bathings Anger Fear and Over-eating c. 3. Contagion for Experience tells us that this Disease is caught by Contagion For out of an infected Body continual Steams flow forth which being received by other Bodies presently like Poyson ferment with the Blood and excite the latent and homogeneal Seeds of the same Distemper and dispose them into the Idea of this Disease and thus those Contaminations flowing forth are not only communicated by immediate touch but at a Distance But by all these Causes whether good or bad Disposition or Quality of the Air perturbation of the Humors or Contagion that Malignant Specific which we observe in the Small-Pox is not sufficiently made out nor wherefore it operates more in these than upon those Subjects and in these than at those Seasons For many times we have observed hot or moist and hot with moist Seasons and Constitutions of the Air many times bad Diet as in Famines and Sieges which has occasioned aâ—… vast Corruption of Humors in the Body many we find continually indulging their Appetites which Willis numbers among the Primary Causes of this Distemper and yet no Small-Pox ensued On the other side in temperate Seasons and in cold Winters they have raged Epidemically among those who have used moderate Diet and fed upon the best of every thing and have seized upon Bodies replenished with good Humors and that many times first of all before any other Body has been ill to communicate the Contagion merely upon some Fright and by the Force of Imagination Seeing then that notwithstanding all the Causes propounded by Physitians the true and Specific Essence of the Malignity which is in the Small-Pox nor the peculiar and determinate Corruption of the Blood nor the Cause and Manner of Specific Fermentation can be explained I think we are rather to conclude that the next Causes of the Small-Pox as well the Internal as the External which move the Internal are occult as are also the Causes of the Pestilence it self and cannot be unfolded by Us. And therefore it is better to acknowledge the Weakness of our Knowledge then to betray our Ignorance by so many Disputes and various Conjectures that are grounded upon no Foundation For who can pretend to give a true and perceptible Reason of so great a Matter For these are in the Number of those Mysteries which the Chief Creator is not pleased to let us know exactly CHAP. IV. Of the Didgnostic Signs THE Small-Pox are not easily discerned before the Wheals themselves betray the Distemper But they appearing never so little then the Sight is easily Judge of the Disease Seeing therefore it is of great moment in reference to the Cure to know before the breaking out of the Wheals whether it be the Small-Pox or no the Signs of their coming out are first to be inquired into and observed The Signs foretelling the Small-Pox to be at hand are various A Fever sometimes more intense sometimes more remise with a low Pulse quick unequal and a Heat for the most part not very violent An Oppression of the Heart with Melancholy and a Palpitation often returning and sometimes a fainting Fit Head-ach Deleriums or Ravings sometimes Epileptic Convulsions frequent Sneezing Sleep more heavy than usual and unquiet Dreams of Thunder Fire and Flames Waking with a Fright difficult Respiration with frequent Sighs continual Gaping Pain in the Back and Loyns and Pulsation in the Spine Heaviness and Weariness of the whole Body a Pricking and as it were Itching in the Skin and in the Nostrils a Red Face Dimness of Sight yet Brightness and Itching of the Eyes Tears without any force sometimes Bleeding at the Nose Swelling of the Face Driness of the Mouth Hoarsness with a little dry Cough trembling of the Extream Parts small Red Spots in the Skin But these Signs are the more certain the more rife the Small-Pox are or if there be any suspition of having caught them as if the Person has been to visit any one that was Sick of that Disease or had been frighted with the Sight of any one newly recovered But there is no certain Sign of the Small-Pox at hand to be taken from the Urine For that in this Distemper the Urine for the most part resembles that of sound People If the Small-Pox besides the outward Skin have seized the Inner Parts then you must judge which Parts they are by the Disturbance of those Parts For if the Stomach be infected it will appear by Vomit and Pain in the Heart
the Pain anoint the Fore-head Temples and Top of the Head with Martiate or Alabastrin Oyntment mixed with a sixth part of Oyl of Dill or a Cataplasm of Flowers of Cammomil Melilot and Dill adding a little Nutmeg and Saffron with as much of the Crum of White-bread and White-wine as is sufficient and lay it between two Linnen Rags to the Temples and Forehead but beware of all Narcotics XII For the Corroboration of the Head and the rest of the Bowels and Diminution of the Flegm External and Internal Medicaments are proper and a convenient Diet. â„ž Roots of Calamus Aromatic Elecâ—…m pane Fennel an â„¥ s. Galangale Ê’iij Herbs Betony Marjoram Rosemary Hyssop Baum Thyme an M. j. Sage Fowers of Cammomil Staechas an M. s. Seed of Fennel Aniâ—…e Caroways an Ê’s Iuniper-berries Ê’vj Raisins cleansed â„¥ ij Common Water â—…nd Whiteâ—…ine equal Parts Boil them anâ—… make an Apozem to lb j. s. with which mix Syrup of Staechas â„¥ ij or iij. If after he has taken this there requires more Exsiccation still the same Simples may be boiled in a Decoction of 〈◊〉 Sassapeâ—…il or Sassafras which will make the Medicine more effectual Let him continue this Decoction for some time or if at length it prove distastful let him often take of this Conditement â„ž Specier Diambra ℈ iiij Aromatic Rosatum ℈ ij Ginger condited Conserve of Flowers of Sage and Rosemary an â„¥ s. Syrup of Staechas q. s. For a Conditment XIII And in regard that Topics are of great use to corroborate the Head and fetch down cold Humors therein remaining let him anoint his Temples and fore-part of the Head upon the Coronal Suture with this Liniment â„ž Oil of Nutmegs pressed Ê’j Oils of Thyme Rosemary Dill disâ—…illed an ℈ j. Mix them for a Liniment After this Anointing put upon the Head the following Quilt â„ž Leaves of Rosemary and Marjoram an Ê’s Flowers of Melilot Red Roses and Lavender an Ê’j Root of Florence Orrice Nutmegs Cloves Benjamin an ℈ j. Beat them into a gross Powder for a Quilt Let him wear this a Month or two upon is Head XIV Let the Patient keep a proper Diet live in an Air moderately hot Let his Food be Meats of good Juice hot and easie of Diâ—…estion seasoned with Rosemary Marjoram Stone-Parsly Sage Betony Hysop Pepper Ginger and other Spices His Drink small Wine or Mede or midling Ale Let him not sleep long and use moderate Exercise Let him keep his Body soluble Let him avoid Sadness Melancholy and sudden Frights and keep himself in an even Temper free from Passion HISTORY II. A Phrensie A Stout young Man of a Choleric Constitution abounding with Blood and living intemperately having drank over freely at a Merry meeting and thereby over-heated at length being affronted by one of the Company fell into a most violent Passion yet being hindred from his present Revenge and carried Home never slept all that Night but like a Mad-man ran about his Chamber talking of nothing but Brawls Fighting Wounds and Revenge and that with great Rage and many Follies intermixed The next Day he was absolutely mad and began to lay violent Hands upon the Servants so that he was forced to be held by lusty Men. The next Night he continued waking with an extraordinary Delirium and Fury picking Straws and the Bed-cloaths sometimes flying upon those that were in the Room His Eyes were red his Looks furious and wild he bawl'd and roar'd was very thirsty feverish and his Urine pale The third Day the Physicians were sent for I. THE continued and raging Delirium with his Waking shewed that the Brain of this Patient was distempered and the Fever was a Sign that his whole Body was out of order II. The Disease was an Inflamation of the Membranes of the Brain and thence a hot Distemper of the Brain and Spirits which caused the Fever and that the Commotion of his Mind which the Physicians call a Phrensie which is a raging and continued Delirium with a continued Fever arising from an Inflammation of the Membranes of the Brain III. The remote Cause was Intemperance in Diet which engendring a great quantity of choleric Blood in the Body occasioned the antecedent Cause Which choleric Blood being heated by excess of drinking Wine and carried in greater quantity to the Head and there powred into the Substance of the Membranes of the Brain constitutes the containing Cause of this Distemper which Disease this Simptom follows IV. For the hot Blood flowing over copiously into those Membranes and there putrifying inflamed them and part of that Putrefaction being communicated through the Veins to the Heart and thence expelled hotter through the Arteries to the whole Body kindles the Fever which causes the extraordinary Drought of the Gullet and Mouth V. This Inflammation of the Membranes infects with a hot Distemper the Brain it self and Spirits whose extream Heat Mobility and inordinate Motion deprave the principal Functions of the Brain and so breed a Delirium which proves raging and continued because of the extream and continued Heat and rapid Motion of the fervent Spirits VI. This Disease is dangerous for several Causes 1. Because the principal part is affected 2. Because continual Waking weakens the Patient 3. Because this Delirium is not accompanied with Laughter but with Raging 4. Because the Inflammation is thereby much augmented and fomented and the Choleric Matter which uses to dye the Urine is carried all to the Head and leaves the Urine pale Only there is some hopes of Cure because there is no decay of Strength or appearance of bad Simptoms as Convulsions loss of Speech Hickupings Gnashing of Teeth or the like and therefore Cure must not be delay'd till the Patient grow worse VII This Cure consists in taking away the antecedent and containing Cause and Correction of the ill temper of the Parts VIII The choleric Blood which flies to the Head is first to be evacuated drawn back derived and repelled And therefore after an emollient Glister given open a vein first in one Arm and take away ten or twelve ounces of Blood the next day in the other and the third day again if there be necessity in the Vein of the Fore-head IX To evacuate the choleric Humors give this Draught â„ž Rubarb the best Leaves of Senna an Ê’ij Rhenish Tartar Ê’iij Anise-seed ℈ j. Succory Water q. s. Make an Infusion then add to the Straining Elect. Diaprunum solutive Ê’iij Diagridion gr iij. Mix them for a Draught The next Days if he be bound let him be loosned with Glisters and the third or fourth day give him the foresaid Purge again X. Let his Temples and Fore-head be anointed twice or thrice a day with the following Liniment â„ž Populeon Oyntment Ê’vj Oyl of Poppy Ê’iij Mix them for a Limment After anointing apply the following Oxyrrhodine with rags luke warm to his Fore-head â„ž Oyl of Roses â„¥ ij Iuice of Lettice â„¥ iij. Iuice of Housleek Rose-water Vinegar of Roses
vehement agitation by reason that respiration is hindered grows hot in those places and being mixed with the Air unequally and difficultly passing to and fro by vehement respiration are forced all frothy into the Mouth VIII The Fit lasts till that malignant and sharp Vapor be altogether discussed and returns again when the depraved matter stirred anew sends forth the same Vapors to the Original of the Nerves The Fit is more or less vehement and does less hurt to the principal Functions according to the quantity and quality of the evil Matter IX Now because this ill and acrimonious Humor is bred in the Brain and because the Fits were frequent and vehement and the Disease of nine Months standing therefore the Cure was difficult but the Strength and Age of the Patient gave great hopes of Cure For being but a Child the very change of Youth out of one Age into another many times effects the Cure as Hippocrates testifies X. The Cure is to be performed either in the Fit or when the Fit is gone off In the Fit Castor green Rue Oyl of Marjoram Amber Nutmegs and the like are to be held to the Nostrils XI When the Fit is past the Original Causes are to be taken away the antecedent Cause to be removed the depraved quality of the containing Cause to be removed and the whole Brain to be corroborated XII Let the Body be gently Purged with two drams of Heira Picra or Diaphaenicon or with one Scruple and a half of Powder of Diacarthamum or an ounce of Purging blew Currans XIII Then let him drink twice or thrice a day a draught of this Decoction ℞ Roots of Male Piony Misletoe Sassafras-wood an ʒvj of Calamus Aromatic Valerian an ℥ s. Herbs Marjoram Rue Calamit Rosmary Vervan Laurel-leaves Flowers of Stoechas an M j. Iuniper-berries ℥ s. Seeds of Anise Wild Carrots Fennel an ʒ j. Seed of Male Piony ʒ iij. Raisins cleased ℥ ij Water q. s. Boil them to an Apozem of lb j. s. Before he drinks this let him take a small quantity of the following Conditement ℞ Spicier Diambr ʒ j. s. Roots of sweet Cane candied Conserves of Anthos Flowers of Sage Betony an ℥ s. Syrup of Stoechas q. s. XIV Sometimes instead of the Apozem he may take a spoonful of this mixture ℞ Epileptic water of Langius ℥ iij. Water of Lime-tree Flowers of the Lilly of the Valleys an ℥ j. Syrup of Stoechas ℥ j. s. XV. Upon his head let him wear this Quilted Cap. ℞ Leaves of Marjarom Rosemary Thime Flowers of Lavender and Red Roses an Two small handfulls Cloves Benjamin an ℈ j. Beat them into a gross Powder XVI Let the Patient be kept in a warm Air his food must be Meats of easie digestion condited with Marjoram Baum Rosemary and other Cephalics His drink must be small his sleep and exercise moderate and his Evacuations regular Raw Fruit Garlick Onyons and Swines Flesh and all other Meats of hard digestion and ill juice are nought HISTORY XVI Of a Catarrh A Man of forty Years of Age of a cold Constitution and one that had long used a cooling and moistning Diet was troubled first with a heavy Pain in his Head with a proclivity to sleep Afterwards he was troubl'd with a vehement Cough sometimes with deafness noise in his Ears Pains in his Neck Teeth Shoulders and other Parts sometimes a most terrible Cough took him not without some difficulty of breathing and danger of Suffocation sometimes he had nauseousness and was molested with troublesome Belchings and Pains in his Stomach under his lower Jaw rose Flegmatic Tumors which fell and vanished soon after his Nostrils were more then usually dry and he spit little He complained also that he felt a continual chilness in the top of his Head and that his Hair was not so moist as it used to be I. HEre is one molested with a Catarrh which is a Preter natural Defluxion of Humors from the Head to the lower Parts II. The remote cause of this Distemper was a cold raw and Flegmatic nourishment which over-cool'd and weakened the Bowels serving to Concoction and bred a great quantity of Excrementitious Flegm which was the anteceding Cause of the Distemper and which being colected and accumulated in the Brain over-cool'd it and thence fell down upon the lower Parts III. This Flegm augmented in the Brain because it had not heat enough to concoct and dissipate so cold and thick a Humor besides that the Passages to the Nostrils and Palate were obstructed IV. This Obstruction happens in the inner Parts of the Head by reason of the viscosity of the Humors stuffing up the narrow Passages for the Evacuation of those Excrements Therefore not able to pass the regular way they flow to the inner Parts of the Ear where they cause Noises Deafness and Pain sometimes to the Larinx and Lungs which causes vehement coughing and danger of Suffocation sometimes to the Stomach and other Parts where they breed several Maladies In the Exterior Parts this Obstruction happens by reason the Pores in the top of the Head are filled with Humors contracted by the External cold and that cold continuing in those refrigerated Parts causes that chilness complained of by the Patient And this cold not only hinders the Passage of the Vapors but condenses them under the Pericranium into a serous and flegmatic Humor which being ill concocted becomes salt and sharp Which for want of dissipation falls down upon the Teeth Neck Shoulders c. and causes those Pains complained of V. That the ordinary Passages were obstructed is apparent from the driness of the Patients Nostrils and Hair and because he spit so little VI. This Affection is not a little dangerous in regard the Symptoms that attend it may bring a Man into a Consumption and breed occult and dangerous Apostems in the inner Parts VII In the Method of the Cure the Body must be Purged twice or thrice with Pill Chochiae Powder of Diaturbith or Diacarthamum or such a draught as this ℞ Leaves of Senna ʒiij White Agaric ʒ j. s. Anise-seed ʒ j. Choice Cinnamon white Ginger an ℈ s. Decoction of Barley q. s. Infuse them then add to the straining Elect. Hiera Picra ʒ j. Diaphoenicon ʒ ij VIII Then the Brain is to be dried and strengthened with the following Apozem ℞ Roots of Acorus Fennel an ʒ vj Galangal ʒ iij. Herbs Marjoram Betony Thime Rosemary Baum Calamint an M. j. Laurel-leaves Flowers of Stoechados an M. s. Seeds of Anise Fennel an ʒ ij Laurel-berrys ʒ s. Water and Wine equal Parts Boyl them to an Apozem of lbj s. Of which let him take three or four draughts a day IX Noon and Night after Meals let him take a small quantity of this Conditement ℞ Specier Diambr Diamosch Diagalanga an ʒ s. Conserve of Anthos red Roses an ʒvj Candv'd Roots of Acorus ʒiij Syrup of Stoechas q. s. X. While he follows this course Masticatories and Errhines may be used
the Cough Suppuration and an Ulcer followed the Corrosion whence the Purulent matter spit up which became still more and more as the Ulcer increased However as yet it has no ill smell because the Ulcer is not come to that degree of Putrefaction VI. the sleight Fever proceeded from the Humors putrifying about the Ulcer For the Blood forced from the right Ventricle of the Heart cannot but receive some infection from the putrified Humors about the Ulcer and carry it to the left Ventricle where it kindles that Fever which is but sleight because the Putrefaction is not great But continual for that every time the Heart dilates something of that Putrefaction falls into the left Ventricle VII The Nostrils are dry because the Flegmatic humors have found out other Passages to the Breast and none come to the Nostrils VIII The Patient is emaciated because the Blood is corrupted by the putrid Humors continually heated in the Heart and mingled with the Blood which is thereby made unfit for Nourishment and uncapable of Assimulation with the Parts IX The Appetite decays because the Stomach not being nourished with good Blood grows weak and breeds bad Humors besides that the continual and violent Agitation of the Cough destroys the natural Constitution of it so that it is not sensible of that Corosion which begets Hunger neither can it conveniently retain nor concoct the Nourishment received X. By what has been said it is apparent that the Disease is a Consumption the certain Signs of which are Bloody and purulent Spittle a soft and lingring Fever and a wasting of the whole Body XI This Disease is very dangerous 1. Because the Ulcer is in such a Bowel the use of which cannot be spared 2 Because it is in a Spungy part that is not easily consolidated 3. Because attended with a Fever that drys up the whole Body 4. Because there is a great wast and decay of strength 5. Because the Cure of the Ulcer requires rest whereas the Lungs are always in continual Motion 6. Because the Medicaments do not come to the Lungs with their full Vertue but through various Concoctions 7. Because a Fever and an Ulcer require different Remedies XII The Method of Cure requires 1. That the cold ill Temper of the Head be amended the generation of cold Humors and the defluctions of cold Humors and the Cough be prevented and allay'd 2. That the Ulcer be cured and the Fever be remov'd XIII First Therefore the defluction of the Catarrhs is to be diverted from the Breast by Issues in the Neck or Arm. The Head is to be corroborated the redounding cold Humors are to be dry'd up and the obstructed Pores to be opened To which purpose the Temples and Bregma are to be anointed Morning and Evening with Oyl of Rosemary Sage Amber Nutmegs c. Let him also wear a Quilted Cap stuft with Cephalics for some time ℞ Leaves of Marjoram and Rosemary an ʒ j. s. Flowers of Rosemary Lavender Melilot an ʒ j. Nutmegs ℈ ij Cloves Storax an ℈ j. Beat them into a gross Powder for a Quilt XIV The Belly is to be gently moved with Manna or Syrup of Roses Solutive XV. Then to facilitate Excretion of the Spittle with such Remedies as at the same time may heal the Ulcer ℞ Syrup of Venus-hair of Comfrey of dried Roses an ℥ j. Mix them for a Looch Or such kind of Trochischs ℞ Flower of Sulphur Powder of sliced Liconice an ʒ j. Root of Florence Orrice ℈ ij Haly's Powder against a Consumption ʒ iij. Benjamin Saffron an ℈ j. White Sugar ℥ v. With Rose-water q. s. Make them into a Past for Trochischs XVI If the Cough continue very violent add to the Looches a little white Syrup of Poppy Moreover to allay the Cough and recover strength let him frequently take of this Amygdalate ℞ Sweet Almonds blanched ℥ ij s. Four greater Cold Seeds an ʒ j. Seed of white Poppy ʒ iij. Barley water q. s. Make an Emulsion to lb j. To which add Syrup of Popies ʒ ij Sugar of Roses q. s. XVII Afterwards for the more speedy closing the Ulcer use this Conditement ℞ Haly's Powder against a Consumption ʒiij Old Conserve of Red Roses ℥ j. s. Syrup of Comfrey For a Conditement XVIII Let his Food be easie of Digestion and very nutritive as potched Eggs Veal Mutton and Chicken-Broath with cleansed Barley Raisins Rice Almonds Chervil Betony and such like Ingredients also Gellys of the same Flesh. Let him drink Goats Milk Morning and Evening warm from the Udder and not eat after it for some hours Let his Drink be Ptisans sweetned with Sugar of Roses Let him sleep long keep his Body quiet and his Belly solule HISTORY IX Of a Syncope A Man forty Years of Age of a Flegmatic Constitution after he had fed largly upon Lettice Cowcumbers Fruit Whey and such like Diet all the Summer long at length having lost his Stomach became very weak with a kind of sleepiness and numness and a Syncope which often returned if any thing troubled or affrighted him which Syncope held him sometimes half an hour sometimes longer with an extraordinary chillness of the extream parts and much cold Sweat so that the standers by thought him Dead Coming to himself he complained of a Faintness of his Heart and with an Inclination to Vomit voided at the Mouth a great quantity of Mucous Flegm no Fever nor any other Pain I. MAny Parts in this Patient were affected and many times the whole Body but the Fountains of the Disease were the Stomach and Heart whence all the rest proceeded II. The most urging Malady was a thick Syncope which is a very great and Headlong prostration of the Strength proceeding from want of heat and Vital Spirits III. Now that it was a Syncope and no Apoplexy is apparent from the Pulse and Respiration both which cease at the very beginning whereas at the beginning of an Apoplexy they continue for some time IV. The remote cause of this Syncope is disorderly Dyet crude and cold which weakens the Stomach that it cannot perfect Concoction and thence a vast quantity of viscous Flegm which adhering to the upper Orifice of the Stomack begets in that cold and moist Distemper which destroys the Stomach And because there is a great consent between the Stomach and the Heart by means of the Nerves of the sixth Conjugation inserted into the Orifices of the Heart and Pericardium hence the Heart becomes no less languid and fainting sometimes suffers a Syncope For that Flegmatic Blood affords very few Spirits for want of which the strength fails and sometimes is ruin'd altogether V. And not only the Animal but the Vital Actions fail for the Vital Spirits failing in the Heart the Animal fail also in the Brain And the Motion of the Heart failing the Motion of the Brain fails which renders the Body numb'd and sleepy though the Syncope be over VI. In this Syncope the Patient lies like a dead Man
oblong narrow in the Middle equalling the Gut Colon in Breadth and Largeness Which being dissected I found that narrow Part being like the Pylorus to end in another large Cavity which afterwards terminated in a thicker Orifice which was the real Pylorus from whence as an Ecphysis the first Intestine took its beginning Beside these three Examples I do not remember that ever I read any thing farther upon this Subject But there are two Stomachs in Animals that chew the Cud and many other Animals that feed upon harder and raw Nourishment also in Birds that cast up their Meat out of their Stomachs to feed their Young ones And then the First by the Latins was called Ingluvies or the Crap Which is more Membrany and Thinner the other more Thick and Fleshy And in the First the Matter seems to be prepared for concocting the Second to be perfectly Concocted It is said that in some Creatures three Stomachs have bin found and Riolanus testifys that four have bin found in those Creatures which chewing the Cud have Teeth only in one Jaw VIII The Shape of the Stomach is Oblong Gibbous toward the right Part and slenderer toward the Right IX It rests upon the Back-Bone near the first Verteber of the Loyns and with the left Part which is rounder and bigger giving way to the Liver it hangs forward toward the left Side The left Side being the slenderer and covered with the left Lobe of the Liver and supported by the Sweetbread is joyned to the Duodenum or first of the small Guts X. The Bigness varies according to the Diversity of Ages and bigness of Bodys to the Proportion of which it ought to answer tho' that be no certain and perpetual Rule For I have dissected several tall Men who have had very small Stomachs and several Men of a short Stature that have had large Ventricles Gluttons Voracious or Greedy People have generally large Stomachs Such was that which Schenkius anat l. 1. Sect. 2. c. 14. affirms that he saw in a great Glutton that held ten Quarts of Wine That was also a large one mentioned by Spigelius Anat. l. 8. c. 8. that contain'd fourteen Pints of Liquor Which was found in a Man that had a large Mouth Whence Bauhinus Anat. l. 1. c. 46. believes that a Man may judge of the bigness of the Stomach from the largeness of the Mouth And that such as have a wide Mouth have a large Stomach and are Voracious Which is also the Opinion of Spigelius But neither is that Rule without Exception For I remember that Falcoburgiâ—…s a certain famous Anatomist of Leiden cut up before us in the publick Theater the Body of a very tall strong Man who in his Life time had bin a stout drinker and a great Eater and always Healthy until he came to be hanged against his Will in whom we saw so small a Stomach that it hardly amounted to half the bigness of an ordinary Mans Stomach But trebly exceeded other Ventricles in thickness XI It is distinguished into the Bottom or Cavity the one the lower or greatest Part inclining to the left Side with its chiefest and largest Part where the first Concoction is finished and two Orifices the Right and Left XII The left Orifice commonly called the upper Orifice is that which is properly the Stomach and Continuous to the Gullet and Diaphragma about the eleventh Verteber of the Breast over against the Cartilago Mucronata admits the swallowed Nourishment This exceeding the other in Bigness thickness and Largeness is interwoven with many orbicular Fibres somewhat fleshy which cause its more firm Contraction and in the various Postures of the Body lying down hinders the Nourishment from falling back into the Mouth and Nerves from the sixth Pair and in that is the natural Heat of the Appetite according to the vulgar Opinion Not that the Act of Desiring is there performed which is only in the Brain but that through the Intervals there is such a Cause in it the Trouble of which being perceiv'd in the Brain stirs up such an Act of Desiring XIII The other Orisice which is the Lower properly called Pylorus or the Door-keeper is narrower than the other somewhat bow'd toward the Back Bone on the left Side full of Fibres thwarting one another having a thicker Circle and shap'd like an Orbicular Muscle by means of which it detains the Nourishment for some time lest it should slip away too soon and undigested and continuous to the Duodenum Gut send the concocted Nourishment to the Bowels Which Nourishment does not pass by a steep Fall as lying equally high with the Stomach but ascends before Expulsion XIV The Ventricle receives Nerves Arteries and Veins XV. It receives Nerves from the sixth Pair For that both the Trunks of the wandering Pair below the Ramus pneumonicus descending along the Sides of the Oesophagus is divided into two Branches the External and Internal Of these the External by and by joyn together again and embody into one Nerve and spreads it self over the upper part of the Ventricle with many Shoots The Internal also running together make one Nerve which descending along the Oesophagus and the external part of the Stomach encompass the bottom of the Ventricle and sends into it a great number of Fibres Through these Nerves the Animal Spirits flow in great Quantity into the Ventricle contributing to it a quick Sense of Feeling Which because of the larger Quantity of Nerves dispersed into the Stomach becomes more sensible in the upper Part than the lower which is thought to be the cause of Hunger Through these Nerves of the wandering Pair is infused into the Fibres of the Ventricle a natural Power of Contracting themselves in all Expulsions of what ever is contained in the Ventricle And by means of them also is that great Consent between the Ventricle and the Brain XVI It receives its Arteries from the Coeliac Arterie which serve to carry the Alimentary Blood with which it is nourished XVII It is sprinkl'd with several Branches of small Veins sculking among its Tunicles many of which meeting here and there and closing together they form at length four more remarkable Veins which run to the Porta Vein that is the 1. Gastrick which is bigger than the rest 2. and 3. the right and left Gastroëpiploid 4. and the Pyloric Branch Also another Vein called the Vas breve or Vas Venosum which issues forth from the Ventricle sometimes with one sometimes with two sometimes three and sometimes more Branches to be inserted into the Spleen Branch By these the remainder of the Blood which is left after the Nourishment of the Stomach is conveighed to the Liver XVIII Formerly Physicians asserted that there was a certain acid Iuice or Blood which ascended into the Ventricle through the Vas breve for the Nourishment of it as also to create an Appetite and stir up Hunger in the
from cluster'd Glandules XXXVI Observe by the way concerning the Lymphatick Vessels lying hid in the lower Belly that if they be broken up by any accident for they are very tender then there happens to be a serous Liquor pour'd forth into the hollow of the Abdomen the increase of which at length insensibly produces that sort of Dropsie call'd Ascites tho' it may also proceed from other Causes In the Year 1658 we dissected a young Woman of four and twenty years of Age which for seventeen years had labour'd under that Distemper call'd Ascites and at length dy'd of it In whom I did not perceive the least desect of her Bowels only that some of the Lymphatic Vessels were broken which was the Cause of the Distemper for in her Childhood she had been cruelly us'd by her Parents who were wont to kick and thump her and those blows occasion'd the breaking of her Lymphatic Vessels Which Suspicion the Humours that were gathered together in the Abdomen did not a little confirm For they appear'd somewhat coagulated in the Body when it was cold tho' it was not come to that consistency of a Gelly as is usually seen in the Lympha when taken out of the Lymphatic Vessels in a Spoon However the reason why she had liv'd so long in Misery was the soundness of her Bowels and for that by reason of the youthful heat of her Body much of the Serous Moisture insensibly flowing into the Concavity of the Abdomen was every day consum'd XXXVII These Vessels being broken sometimes also it happens that the Lymphatic Liquor does not come to be pour'd forth into the Cavity of the Abdomen but flows out between the neighbouring Membranes and that occasions the production of those watry Bladders call'd Hydatides with which the Liver sometimes within sometimes without and sometimes also the Mesentery and other parts in the Abdomen are seen to abound A great number of these Bladders some as big as a Pigeons Egg others as a Hen Egg and many less William Straten at that time Physic and Anatomy Prosessor in our Academy afterwards principal Physician to the Prince of Orange shew'd us in the hollow part of the Liver of a Thief that was hang'd Febr. 1647. We have also shew'd 'em growing sometimes in the Mesentery before the Students in Physic at our Hospital and there also we have seen Livers which withoutside have been cover'd with little Bladders full of Lympid Water of which number some having been lately broken had insus'd a Serous Liquor into the Cavity of the Abdomen and by that means had occasion'd an Ascites Hence I concluded that the Dropsie call'd Ascites is never generated without some Solution of the Continuum of the inner Parts of the Abdomen whatever the Cause of it may be and I thought their Opinion to be rejected that this Disease is begot by the condensation of the Vapours exhaling out of the Internal Parts into Water when that Exhalation in some Men happens to be continual and yet very few come to be troubled with the Ascites Volker Coiter Obser. Chirurg Musc. p. 117. writes that he himself found in the Body of a Phthisical and Dropsical Man the Bowels of the lower Belly wasted and emptied of all their Moisture but little Bladders some bigger some less adhering every where to the Mesentery Peritonaeum Intestines Spleen Liver and all the Bowels and all those little Bladders full of Water The same Case is cited by Cordaeus Com. 5. ad Hipp. de Morb. Mul. XXXVIII Now there may be several Causes for the breaking of these Vessels But besides violent and external Accidents the most frequent Cause is either Corrosion by sharp Humours or else their Obstruction and Compression And for this Reason the Ascites happens to Gluttons and great Drinkers that every day stuff and swill their Guts who from the Crudities hence bred either heap together a great quantity of sharp Humours in the Body or else bring a weakness and obstructions upon the Bowels by which means these little Vessels are either corroded or else compress'd and straiten'd that they cannot carry and discharge their Lymphatic Humour as they were wont to do which therefore flowing out of the Lymphatio Vessels either causes little Membranes among the Bladders or else the covering Membranes being broken it slides into the Concavity of the Abdomen CHAP. XIV Of the Liver I. THe Liver 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Jecur is a remarkable Bowel seated in the right Hypochondrion under the Diaphragma or Midriff of a vast bigness round and smooth in the convex or gibbous part but concave in the lower part where it rests upon the right side of the Stomach II. In Dogs and many other Beasts it is divided into several Lobes but in Man it is contiguous swelling into a little Lobe in the lower simous saddle or flat part It is rarely divided into three Lobes which Iames Sylviâ—…s in Isagoge reports to have seen III. The bigness of the Liver is not the same in all Creatures but according to the proportion of Bodies it is larger in Man than in other Creatures and the natural and ordinary bigness is such that it descends three or four fingers below the Bastard Ribs and extends it self somewhat beyond the pointed Cartilage of the Breast Andrew Laurentius writes that in cowardly People great Drinkers and Gluttons the Liver is thought to be bigger Which Rule however 't is very probable is lyable to many Exceptions In a preternatural Constitution it deviates from its ordinary Magnitude as well in excess as defect In the Year 1660. I dissected a Body wherein the Liver was of that enormous Magnitude that it caus'd Admiration in all the Spectators for below it reached down to the Groyns and extended it self from the right side to the Spleen and so possessed the chiefest part of the whole lower Belly But tho' to the outward view and touch it seem'd to be of a healthy Colour and sound Substance yet we found in the middle of it a large hollowness from whence to the amazement of all the Beholders we took out eleven Market pounds of Matter white well-concocted and without any ill smell Other monstrous large Livers are describ'd by Spigelius Anat. l. 8. c. 12. Riolanus Anthrop l. 2. c. 21. Bartholine Obs. cent 1. hist. 85. and by several others IV. Less frequently is the Liver defective for want of its due proportion And yet we find an Example of that too in Riolanus lib. citat who writes that at Paris in a certain Body was found a Liver that was no bigger than a Kidney and thence he observes out of Avicen that the smalness of the Liver is always noxious but not the bigness How you may guess at the largeness of the Liver by the bigness of the fingers See l. 4. c. 1. V. The Substance of it is soft and ruddy like congeal'd Blood the firmness of which appears nevertheless when
Choler is conveighed to the Porus and Gall-Bladder which is the cause of the Jaundice by reason of the great Quantity of Choler diffused over the whole Body when as it is apparent that no Choler was generated in the mean time in the Porus or empty Gall-Bladder tho the Cystic Arteries conveighed Blood sufficient to the Bladder as they used to do 4. Because that in Gluttons and great Drinkers the Jaundice proceeding from a hot Distemper of the Liver cannot be caused by the arterial Blood being chang'd into Choler which was equally both before and then carried â—…o the Gall-Bladder nor is there any Reason it should then be more copiously conveighed thither to be changed into Choler than at any other time 5. Because this Opinion seems to presuppose as if all the whole Mass of Choler were generated in the Gall-Bladder whereas it is all generated in the Liver before it comes to the Bladder As is apparent from hence for that very much Choler flows through the Porus to the Intestin which never comes near the Gall-Bladder and therefore could not be generated out of the Particles of the arterial Blood gliding into the Bladder 6. Because this Opinion seems also to maintain that real Choler does not pre-exist in the Blood and that the Particles of it being separated from the Blood flow down into the hollow of the Bladder and are there made perfect Choler But the Vanity of this Opinion we have at large demonstrated C. 10. artic de generat Suc. pancreat XXXVII Moreover what Sylvius in his Addition to his Disputation alledges for the Support of his Opinion do not seem to be of so much Weight as to establish his Doctrine For the Insertion of the Hepatic Artery into the Branches of the Porus does not prove it because the Insertion it self is as yet very much questioned as being grounded more upon uncertain Belief than certain Sight and therefore to be laid up among those Doubts which are not to be credited unless visible to the Eyes In like manner also his Experiment made in a Dogg by means of a little Pipe thrust into the Hepatic Artery and blowing through it into the Gall-Bladder is very uncertain even by the Confession of Sylvius himself Thes. 54. Moreover if the Wind could be so easily blown into the Concavity of the Gall-Bladder store of Blood might easily be also forc'd into it by the Protrusion of the Heart and the Cystic Arterys which never was yet observ'd by any Person XXXVIII But Malpigius absolutely denys the Generation of Choler l. de hep l. 3. believing that Choler is not generated out of any Blood by the Mixture and Concoction of several Humors in the Blood but that it is only separated from the Blood by means of the Glandulous Balls of the Liver it self and that such as it is it pre-exists in the Blood and therefore has need of nothing more than Separation Which Separation he thinks to be thus brought to pass Neither says he is there any Necessity for Suction to the End the Choler should be sent to the Intestins or Gall-Bladder through the Porus for a strong and continued Compression of the Glandules of the Liver caused by continual Respiration and the Impulse of the Blood running through the Arteries and the Branches of the Portae promote the Office of Separation in the Glandulous Balls and its Propulsion through the Branches of the Porus as it happens in other conglomerated and conglobated Kernels in the Parotides and the like XXXIX But herein the learned Gentleman is very much mistaken for there is in the Blood coming to the Liver and bilarie Vessels a certain Substance intended for Choler but not Choler it self As there is in the Nourishment a certain Matter out of which a Chylus is to be prepared by the mixture of a specific Ferment and the specific Concoction of the Stomach which is not the Chylus it self And in the Chylus there is the Substance of Blood but not the Blood it self And as these Humors the Chylus and Blood are made by specific Fermentations and Concoctions in the Bowels design'd for that purpose of those things which before they were not in like manner the yellow and bitter Choler is made out of sweet Blood and acid splenic Juice of which neither is yellow or bitter neither of 'em is Choler or contain any Choler in themselves being mix'd together in the Liver and fermented and concocted after a specific Manner And the chiefest part of it for some of the thinnest remains mix'd with the Blood is carried to the Vena Cava and the Heart is separated from the rest of the Blood being unfit to be changed into Choler and is carried to the Roots of the bilary Vessels and so by degrees proceeds to the Porus and bilarie Bladder In like manner as in Chymistry various Bodies are changed into Metals which before were not Metals And out of things void of Colour mixed and boyling together a new Colour is raised which was not in the Substance before as out of white Salt-Tartar and transparent Spirit of Wine is produced a red Colour And hence it may be certainly concluded that there is not any single Separation of Choler pre-existent in the Blood but a new Generation of Choler which was not before As to the Arguments which Malpigius alledges of the pre-existency of Urine in the Blood and other things too prolix to be here cited they are not of so much Moment as to prove that pre-existency of Choler in the Blood and single Separation from it when as there is not the same Reason for the Separation of the superfluous Serum pre-existent and the Generation of necessary Choler not pre-existent Of this see more in C. 10. already cited XL. The natural Colour of Choler is yellow the Tast bitter and somewhat tart the Substance Fluid But by several Causes all these three in a sickly habit of Body suffer Alteration as the Blood is either in a bad or good Condition or the splenetic Iuice conveighed to the Liver is more or less Salt Acid Sowre or Austere For hence arise many preternatural Qualitys of Choler and as they vary happen Fevers Cholerick Distempers Dysenteries Iaundice Colic Pains and several other Diseases Which Regner Graef affirms to arise only from the Corruption of the Pancreatic Iuice but contrary to Experience for the Dissections of Bodys that have been brought to the Grave by those Diseases frequently tell us that when the Sweetbread has been firm and sound the Cause of the Disease has lain hid in the Liver Bladder and other Bilarie Vessels tho' we do not deny but that the same Diseases may arise from a vitious Pancreas Hence there are several Alterations of the Colour of the Choler which is sometimes Pale sometimes Saffron Coloured sometimes Red sometimes Rust-coloured and sometimes inclining to Black Nevertheless Regner de Graef not considering the Flux of the splenetic Juice to the Liver has
for bulk and quantity exceeded the Liver Wepfer found a Spleen in the body of a Noble Woman that in length exceeded five hands breadth four in breadth and one and a half in thickness and weighed about six common pounds and so exceeded the Liver in bigness Aetius l. 7. c. 10 16. writes that in Splenetic Persons this Bowel sometimes reaches in length to the Groins and with its breadth touches the Liver Such great Spleens as these Vesalius also and Marcellus Donatus testifie that they have seen themselves And Cabrolius makes mention of one that weigh'd five pounds Schenkius also relates out of Gamerus the Story of one that weigh'd three and twenty pound But such prodigious bulks are very unusual In the mean time the more preternaturally big this Bowel is the worse it is with the Patient whose body is the more extenuated thereby because it does not afford matter sufficient to accomplish convenient Fermentation in the Liver of which the blood being destitute cannot be attenuated and brought to persection as it ought to be but is left sowre acid thick and otherwise unprofitable for the Nourishment of the Parts From whence arises the Scurvy as Hippocrates first observ'd l. 2. Poreth They saith he are troubled with bad Gums and stinking Breaths who have large Spleens but they who having large Spleens are subject to bleed and yet have no ill smell in their mouths they are troubled with bad Ulcers and black Spots in their Legs VI. Spigelius has observ'd That they who have large Veins have larger Spleens and therefore lean People are more subject to swoll'n Spleens than they who are fat VII Rarely the Spleen is less than its natural proportion and yet I remember some Examples of such 1. Vidus Vidius the younger L. 12. de Curat Morb. c. 10. in the Body of a Man very cachectic found a Spleen no bigger than a Pigeons Egg almost as hard as a Stone 2. Salmuth Cent. 2. Observ 21. in a Woman that dyed in Child-bed otherwise very healthy while she lived had found a Spleen so small that it hardly exceeded the bigness of a Man's Thumb 3. Riolanus also reports that the Spleen of Thuanus the Historian hardly weigh'd an Ounce 4. Conringius asfirms that hardly any footstep of a Spleen appeared in the Princess of Luxemburgh VIII The shape of it is oblong like an Oxe's Tongue whence some have call'd it the Tongue-Bowel as being not unlike it in Oxen Dogs and many other Brutes it is somewhat full of Crinkles within side but the outside is somewhat bunchy or bossie But in Man the shape of it is found to receive sundry Figures as being in some triangular in others gibbous square round sharp pointed and in others distinguish'd into Lobes The uppermost and thicker part of it is call'd by Hippocrates and Ruffus the Head the thinner part the Tail IX The Colour in a Child in the Womb is ruddy in Persons grown up to maturity of a lead Colour or black and bluish And Spigelius has observ'd it and shâ—…wn it in dissection of grown Persons when it has been as red as the Liver which has been also observ'd by Vesalius Bauhinus and Conringius The cause of which variety of Colour proceeds from variety of Dyet and alteration of Temper and Heat for thereby is caus'd a great alteration of the Humors of the whole Body and so of those Humours that are carried to the Spleen whence the variety of Colour X. It is surrounded with a double Membrane one exterior from the Peritonaeum the other thin and proper to it self proceeding from the exterior Membranes of the Vessels entring the Spleen and interwoven with a neat and wonderful contexture of Fibres Which Tunicles or Membranes have their Arteries Veins and Nerves from those that pass through the inner Substance Malpigius l. de Lien c. 1. remarks a wonderful hardness of the inner Membrane not yet observ'd by Us. It is observ'd says he by many that that Membrane becomes bony and Boschius has seen it so hard toward the Muscles of the Abdomen that he suspected some scyrrhosity to be within it And many times especially in Sheep I have observ'd little Stones of a Pargetty Substance Ulcers â—…all'd Melicerides and other Tumours proceeding perhaps from the various conglutinating matter breaking forth from the Extremities of the Vessels In the next Chapter he writes that he himself once saw that Cartilaginous or Gristly Membrane in an Ox and that the same was observ'd by Spigelius XI Between both Membranes shoot forth various Lymphatic Vessels like a kind of a Net furnish'd with several Valves which according to the observation of Malpigius contain a yellowish or somewhat reddish Liquor but by my own and the observation of others a Limpid and by conspicuous passages carried through the Cawle cast forth into the Receptacle of the Chylus All which arise from many very small conglomerated Kernels contain'd in the Spleen XII It is also furnish'd with innumerable Fibres thin and strong compos'd of little Strings twisted together with a wonderful piece of Workmanship without any hollowness in themselves Glisson indeed attributes something of hollowness to 'em and misguided by that Error that he thought they contributed to conveigh the Alimentary Juice to the Nerves Malpigius altogether doubtful as to their Cavity confesses he could not perceive it and yet leaves it to more piercing and fortunate Inventions to determine the matter Others less accurate Inspectors believ'd those Fibres to be a Contexture of the smallest Sanguiferous Vessels XIII Besides the foremention'd Lymphatic Vessels conspicuous among the Tunicles it receives also other Vessels as Arteries Veins and Nerves dispers'd thorough its whole Body XIV It is watered with two Arteries one entring the upper part the other the lower part which Malpigius observ'd to enter the Parenchyma or Substance of the Spleen in an Ox and Sheep with one Branch but in a Dog a Horse and several other Creatures with three or four Branches These Arteries are carried from the Branch of the left Coeliaca which they call the Splenetick Artery and sometimes from a certain Branch going forth from the Trunk of the Aorta and with a winding Course proceeding to the Spleen by the side of the Pancreas and being there divided into a thousand Branches are dispers'd all over it Through these Arteries the Blood is forc'd for which if there be not a passage sufficiently free to the Roots of the Veins and the Splenetick Branch so that it comes to boyl too much in the Spleen there happens a Pulsation in the Spleen no less than that in the Arteries Of which Tulpius relates a miraculous Story L. 2. Observ. 28. of a Pulsation of the Liver that was heard at the distance of thirty foot XV. It sends forth a great Vein from the flat part call'd the Splenetic Branch which sticks close to the Parenchyma with numberless Roots out of which insensibly closing
the Spleen and Parts aforesaid to be the greatest part concocted into a more perfect Ferment by the Liver for the Venal Blood and Chylus XVIII And thus the first Original of Internal Ferment is from the Nourishment which afterwards is more and more attenuated by various Concoctions and alter'd in our Body into a more subtle Ferment XIX Now that it is the true Office of the Liver Spleen and Sweet-bread to make Ferment in the manner aforesaid is apparent from hence that when those Bowels are perfectly Sound and perform their Duty according to Nature the whole Mass of Blood is better and more full of Spirits and thence the Body more Lively and Active and all the Natural and Animal Operations are rightly perform'd On the other side when these Bowels are out of Order a thousand Diseases arise from the Blood and Chylus ill fermented XX. As we have already said there is a sharp Salt acid Iuice which is made in the Liver out of the artery Blood copiously forc'd through the splenic Artery into this Bowel which by the plentiful pouring in of Animal Spirits through the Nerves and by the specific Temper of this Bowel is soon altered and the sulphury Spirit that was before predominant in it is dull'd fix'd and suffocated so the salt acid latent Spirits comes forth into Action and the salt Particles somewhat separated from the Sulphury get the upper hand And hence it comes to pass that the hot sweetish Blood flows through the Arteries into the Spleen but by and by the sulphury Heat being extinguish'd together with the Sweetness it becomes Saltish or somewhat Acid and flows through the Splenic Branch from the Spleen to the Liver Which is the Reason a boyl'd Spleen tasts somewhat Sowrish And thus it happens in this Matter as in a Vinegar Vessel Vinegar is made out of Wine for the Vinegar Vessel is laid in a warm Place commonly in the Garret where the Sun may come at it Into this Vessel not quite full they pour a moderate Quantity of good strong Wine for weak Wine will not make good Vinegar Which done presently the sulphury sweet Spirit of the Wine is fix'd and suffocated by the salt and acid Particles predominating in the Vinegar and the salt and acid Particles which are lodg'd in the Wine are melted dissolv'd attenuated and forc'd to Action by the sharp Acidity of the Vinegar and so the Wine turns Eager and becomes Vinegar And thus the sulphureous Spirit of the Arterial Blood is fix'd and stifl'd partly by the Animal Spirits flowing through the Nerves partly by the acid and salt Spirits prepared and contain'd in the Spleen and the salt and acid Spirits that are in it get the upper hand which afterwards new sulphury Spirits that ly in the Venal Blood being mix'd therewith afresh are to be by the Liver altered into perfect Ferment XXI Now that the first Matter of the Ferment to be perfected in the Liver is prepared in the Spleen may be in some measure demonstrated by Experience For if the Spleen of an Ox Hog or other Male Creature be cut into small Bits and macerated in luke-warm Water and afterwards mixed with a small Quantity of Dough it dilates it and causes it to ferment like Yest or any other Leven Which it does so much the more effectually if the smallest Quantity of Vinegar be added to it XXII Now if this Function of the Spleen be interrupted there are two Causes of Diseases which arise from thence Some by reason of the salt and acid Iuice too thick and fix'd Others when it is too thin and volatile For when the salt and acid Juices in the Spleen are not sufficiently dissolv'd and attenuated then the Spirits which are extracted out of them are too sharp corroding and in too great Abundance and this Diversity produces Diversity of Diseases XXIII If the Spleen be weak either through its own or the Fault of the Nourishment or through any other Cause then the acid Iuice that is concocted in it is not sufficiently dissolv'd attenuated and volatiliz'd but remains thick and tartarous or earthy and the greatest Part of it lyes heap'd together in the Bladdery Substance of the Spleen and adjoyning Parts by reason of its crude Viscosity which causes the Spleen to wax great and to swell in regard the Spirit that lies hid within it is not sufficiently rous'd up but boyling a little in the narrow Passages in the Spleen and about the Spleen distends the whole Spleen and Parts adjoyning to it and raises a thousand windy Vapours with rumbling and roaring and a troublesome Distemper familiar to Hypochondriacks Which Mischiefs are very much encreased by a deprav'd Condition of the Pancreas proceeding from the Blood corrupted by the vitious Humors of the Spleen and brought to it through the Arteries By reason whereof it concocts its own Juice but ill and of over Salt leaves it too Acid or Austere which partly begets great Obstructions in the Pancreas the Disturbeâ—…s of the Function of that Bowel Partly flowing into the Intestines causes an undue Effervescency therein and infuses a bad subacid Quality into the Chylus whereby it becomes lyable to fixation or coagulation nor cannot be sufficiently attenuated Whence by reason of the more fixed and thicker Chylus remaining in the Abdomen and less prepared to farther Solution are generated Obstructions in the milkie Vessels in the Mesentery and Glandules of the Mesentery and therein a great Quantity of crude and ill Humors is heaped together from the Quantity and Corruption of which a thousand Diseases arise which are vulgarly called Melancholic and are said to arise from the Spleen but how they are bred by it has not been as yet sufficiently Explain'd But when the Blood remains too thick for want of effectual and convenient Ferment and Spirits not supply'd in sufficient Quantity the whole Body grows dull and languid and many Diseases arise For the Blood being thick and not sufficiently Spirituous and having salt crude and slimy Parts intermix'd with it by coagulating the Humors in the Liver and other Bowels of the Abdomen it breeds Obstructions and Scirrhosities It is not sufficiently dilated in the Heart but is forc'd too thick into the Lungs and there being yet more refrigerated by the Air drawn in it difficultly passes through the narrow Passages of 'em and so stuffing the Lungs and compressing the Gristles of the Windpipe causes difficulty of Breathing In the Heart it self by reason of the inequality of the Particles and the difficult Dilatation of many it produces an unequal and sometimes an intermitting Pulse In the Brain passing difficultly and disorderly through those narrow Channels it causes Noises and Heaviness of the Head and because it endammages the natural Constitution of the Brain and because it tears it with its remaining Acrimony the principal Animal Actions are thereby impaired the Imagination and Judgment are deprav'd the Memory is spoyl'd and thence Madness
Reins XXVI For that there is a certain Specific Effervescency or separating Fermentation in the Reins or about the Reins by which part of the Serum together with the Impurities mix'd with it is separated from the Blood three Reasons teach us 1. First For that most Diureticks abound with Salt which causes that Fermentation nay many of these Diuretics are Salts themselves as Salt of Beans Vine-stalks Iuniper Prunella c. 2. Because Sudorisics by which the Serum is separated from the Blood are very effectual whether Salt of Wormwood Carduus Mother-wort c. or such as are endued with an acid Salt as Vinegar Oyl of Vitriol or Sulphur Spirit of Salt and the like which cause or increase that Effervescency 3. For that in cold Distempers as the Anasarca by reason of the weak Constitution of the Liver because there is not a strong and sufficient Ferment prepar'd for which reason the crude Serum is not sufficiently separated from the Blood nor yet attenuated thence it happens that very little Urine is discharg'd tho' the Serum abound in all parts of the Body and distends all the parts with a sensible Tumour But how by that Effervescency part of the Serum with its Impurities comes to be separated and what form it assumes to pass alone through those narrow and porous passages of the Kidneys the Blood being excluded from 'em whoever can demonstrate this deserves the Laurel XXVII Here the Glandules of the Kidneys assume to themselves a great priviledge in which very few doubt but that there is a peculiar power of separating the Serum from the Blood But in regard that besides the Serum Matter also slimy Flegm and other Humours much thicker than the Blood it self nay Gravel and Stones are discharged with the Urine hence whether this Separation of the Blood be to be ascrib'd to the Glandules alone was question'd by many who therefore joyn'd to their assistance a specific disposition of the Pores in the Kidneys no less obscure and unknown than the foresaid specific Fermentation and peculiar power in the Glandules to separate the Serum For who I would fain know will unfold to us wherefore the Serum with the Humours contain'd in it separated from the Blood by the foresaid specific Fermentation descend through the Pores of the Kidneys and Glandules without any Blood when in the mean time the purulent Matter brought from the Breast and altogether mix'd with the Blood has been often seen to pass through the same Pores without any Blood Thus in the Year 1638. I cur'd a Merchant of Nimmeghen who was troubled with an Imposthumâ—… which was at length discharg'd through the Urinary Passages in two days time with some pain in his Ureters two Chamber-pots full of white Matter well concocted and somewhat thick and so was free'd from his Aposteme Whereas before the same Matter the Fluctuation of which was not only perceiv'd by himself by reason of his difficult breathing but also was easily heard in the stirring of his Body backward and forward threaten'd him not only with a Consumption but with certain Death XXVIII Something to the same purpose I also observ'd in the Year 1639. in a Servant of the Lord of Soulen who being troubled with an Aposteme in his Breast all the Matter was discharg'd through the Urinary Passages with a terrible pain in the Loyns and Ureters by reason of the distension of the parts caused by the passage of the thick Matter Andrew Laurentius also Anat. l. 9. quaest 12. relates a Story of the same nature by him observ'd in a certain Person troubled with an Empyema whose Body being opened he found a certain sort of stinking Matter in great quantity in the Concavity of the Breast and the left hollowness of the Heart of the same nature with that which came from him with his Urine which was a certain sign that it came from the Breast through the Heart to the Kidneys XXIX These and such like things while others consider and observe a difficult Explication of the Matter they reject the Glandules and affirm the whole Business to be done by the sole peculiar disposition of the Pores in the Kidneys that is to say their Aptitude and Structure which they cannot describe neither by means whereof the thick Matter finds a passage through them but the thinner Blood cannot pass Fling say they thin Chaff Pease and Beans into a Country Farmers Barn-Sive the thicker Pease and Beans easily pass through the Holes but the long thin Chaff remains in the Sive But tho' the aptitude of the Pores in dry things may occasion such Accidents 't is much to be doubted whether in liquid and fluid Bodies mix'd together the same thing may happen especially when neither exceeds the other in fat that is to say whether a Substance four times thicker than the Blood by reason of the said Structure of the Pores alone may be able to pass through such narrow Pores which do not only not give passage to the blood that is mix'd with it and is much thinner but stops it Whether also the blood which is so thin and fluid that it has been sometimes seen to sweat through the Pores of the Skin coming to the Pores of the Reins cannot as easily or rather much more easily be shap'd to the form of the Pores of the Reins than Matter which is so thick that it can hardly pass thorough the Ureters but many times extreamly torments 'em by their distension And so that Reason as to the particular Structure of the Pores of the Reins seems hardly sufficient to explain the said Evacuation therefore there is something yet lies hid which no body yet could ever discover In the mean time tho' the Cause of this thing do not manifestly appear this is certain as to the thing it self and we our selves have seen Matter carried from the Breast to the Kidneys and Bladder discharg'd in great quantity without any intermixture of blood XXX But we shall not insist altogether upon Liquids what shall we say of things that are solid and hard are they also shap'd in like manner so as to be strain'd through the Pores of the Kidneys without any concomitancy of Blood Yet there are several Examples of hard things that are discharg'd with the Urine without any blood attending Thus Longinus relates a Story of a Virgin that being surpriz'd with a suddain laughter swallow'd three Needles which she held in her Mouth which came from her again in three days with her Urine Alexander Benedict l. 3. Anat. c. 9. writes another Story of a Pack-needle four fingers breadth long which descended into the Bladder and was afterwards found in the dissected body Iohn Matthaeus also relates that a small Iron Nail being swallow'd unawares was taken a long time after cut of the Bladder with a Stone cut out at the same time the Stone cleaving round about the Nail as if the Nail had been the groundwork
Kidney had been obstructed tho' he felt no great Prejudice by it so long as the other was open but when the Stone fell upon the Ureter of the other Rein then the Urine was altogether suppressed Certain it is that that Suppression of Urine was not caused by the Obstruction of one Kidney and consequently not by any sympathetical Affection of the other It is also farther to be noted that in the Dissections of Dogs we shall often find in the one Kidney a long thick ruddie Worm that has eaten all the fleshy Substance of the Bowel whereas there could be nothing more sound than the opposite Kidney which shew'd no sign of Sympathizing with the Miserâ—… of the other XXXVII But tho' it be the only Office of the Reins to separate the Serum from the Blood nevertheless some more narrowly considering their fleshy Substance and peculiar Bigness attribute also to 'em the Function of preparing and farther elaborating and concocting the Blood Which Opinion Deusingius following Beverovicius most stifly defends But if by Concoction he means that Elaboration only by which the secous Excrement is separated from the Blood then his Opinion may be tolerated But if such an elaborate Concoction by which the Blood is made more Spirituous and Perfect then his Opinion is to be rejected there being no Bowel that brings the Blood to greater Perfection than the Heart from which the more remote it is the more imperfect it is Nor can any thing of its lost Perfection be restor'd by any other Part no not by the Kidneys themselves For which Reason the Blood must return to the Heart to be restored to its pristine Vigor XXXVIII Besides the foresaid Office others according to the Opinion of Sennertus ascrib'd another Action to the Kidneys which is the Preparation of Seed Which they uphold by several Reasons of which these are the Chief 1. Because the Kidneys have a peculiar Parenchyma as the rest of the Bowels have now in regard there is a peculiar Power of Concoction in the peculiar Flesh of every one of the Bowels that peculiar Quality must not be deny'd the Kidneys which can be no other than a seminific Concoction when Straining is sufficient for the Separation of the Serum and there is no need of Concoction 2. Because the emulgent Arteries and Veins are too large to serve only for the Conveyance of the Serum it seems most probable that a great part of the Blood being separated from the Serum is concocted in the Kidneys into a seminal Juice which is to be further concocted in the Testicles 3. Because when the Seed is suppressed and over much retain'd the Kidneys are out of Order 4. Because Topics apply'd to the Region of the Kidneys prove beneficial in a Gonorrhea 5. Because a hot Constitution of the Reins causes a Proclivity to Venery lustful Dreams and Pollutions and the hotter it is the sharper the Seed is XXXIX But these are chaffiâ—… Reasons and of no force to which we answer thus in order 1. That the Kidneys indeed are certain straining Vessels whereby good part of the Serum is separated from the Blood that passes through and falling into the Renal Receptacle flows out again But this Straining can never be unless a certain necessary specific separating Fermentation precede separating the Blood from the Serum and so the Kidneys do not simply separate the Serum by straining but transmits as it were through a Sponge that which is separated by the said Fermentation Moreover because a great Quantity of Serum is to be separated and transmitted hence there is a a Necessity for larger and greater Strainers For if so much Serum separated by continual Fermentation were to be strain'd through small Strainers would they be so loose that together with the Serum separated by the said Concoction the thinner part of the Blood would also slip through ' em 2. Much of the Blood were to be carried through the emulgent Arteries being very large for the Separation of a moderate part of the Blood only for the Blood was not to be depriv'd of all the Serum to preserve it fluid But through the Emulgent Veins nothing flows to the Kidneys as is apparent from the Circulation of the Blood and the Valves which are placed at the Entrance of the emulgent Veins into the Vena Cava Lastly neither does that Consequence follow Much Blood flows to the Reins and therefore out of some part of it the matter of the Seed is prepared in the Kidneys 3. Nor does that other Consequence The Kidneys are out of Order through Retention of the Seed Therefore the Kidneys both prepare and supyly the Matter of the Seed For then this Consequence would be as true The Head-ach proceeds from the Retention and Boyling of the Choler therefore the Head prepares Choler 4. Neither is this Consequence true Topics apply'd to the Region of the Kidneys are beneficial in the Gonorrhea therefore the Kidneys supply seminal Matter For then would this be as certain Cold Water apply'd to the Testicles stops bleeding at the Nose therefore the Testicles made Blood to be carried to the Nostrils 5. A hot Constitution of the Kidneys is a Sign of Proneness to Lust but not the Cause For this is usual that where all the spermatic Vessels are hotter there the Kidneys are also hotter Not that the Kidneys add a greater Heat to the Seed But the Vapors rising from the hot Seed heat and warm the Kidneys So that in Brute Animals that are ripe and libidinous not gelt you shall perceive a certain seminal Savour and Tast in the Kidneys XL. Lastly we may add for a Conclusion that no specific Vessels are extended from the Kidneys to the Testicles through which the seminal Matter can be carried thither That the spermatic Arteries carry blood to the Testicles out of the Trunc of the Aorta and the Superfluity flows back through the spermatic Veins to the Vena Cava whose Valves are so plac'd that nothing can slide through them to the Testicles and so these Vessels cannot perform that Office and as for other Vessels there are none XLI From what has been said it appears that the Kidneys are Parts that evacuate the serous Excrement most necessary for the Support of Life The Question is therefore whether the Wounds of the Kidneys are mortal or no We must say they are Mortal and that of a hundred wounded in the Kidneys scarce one recovers perfect Health Which Lethality proceeds not from the Nobleness or Excellency of the Reins but from the Concourse of supervening Symptomes That is to say a vast Flux of blood cutting off the Vessels Obstruction of Urine or else the Impossibility of the Retention of it Great Pain Inflammation Exulceration Apostumation by reason of the continual Thorough-fare of the sharp Serum difficult to be cured and other Accidents that weare the Strength of the Patient to Death For tho' the Kidneys are not principal Parts
credible that either this or any other thick and feculent Humour could be conveighed through the most narrow Pores of the more solid Substance of the Nerves Others conjecture that there is a certain Rennet prepared in these Glandules which flowing from thence to the Kidneys causes therein a quick Separation of the Serum from the blood Which Opinion certainly carries with it great Probability if the way from these Pasages to the Kidneys could be demonstrated But what if we should say That that same black Juice is prepared out of the Arterious Blood and obtains a certain fermentative Power necessary for the Venal Blood for which reason it flows from them not to other Parts but endued with the same Quality flows through the Veins proceeding from the Capsulae to the Vena Cava But neither is this any more than a Conjecture Hence because the Use of these Glandules is so little known I am persuaded it happens that they were never taken into due Consideration by any of our Physicians Whereas we find that many Diseases arise from their being out of Order And therefore it is to be hop'd that all Practisers both Physicians and Anatomists will for the future observe these Parts more diligently and by frequent Dissections of dead Carkasses inform themselves what Diseases their Disorder and ill Temparature may occasion CHAP. XX. Of the Ureters I. THE Ureters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to make Water and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are certain oblong and white Vessels or round Channels proceeding from the Kidneys receiving the Serum strein'd from the Reins and carrying it to the Bladder together with the Gravel Choler Matter and other Iuices mix'd with the Serum II. They arise from the inward Concavity of the Kidneys whose various Pipes meeting and closing together form the Ureter III. One is generally granted to each Kidney seldome any more are found tho' it were twice my chance to find more which two Ureters however were united on both sides near the Bladder and enter'd it with an Orifice IV. They consist of a thick twofold and white Membrane the outermost common the innermost peculiar But Riolanus more judiciously acknowledges but one peculiar Membrane for that there is no outermost common Membrane joyned to it from the Peritonaeum The Ureters generally are contained under the Peritonaeum together with many other Parts but they are not particularly enfolded by that Membrane nor receive any peculiar Tunicle from the Peritonaeum as the Ventricle the Vena Cava the Liver and many other Bowels and Vessels do But the peculiar and only Membrane of which they consist is a Membrane strong nervous strengthened with some Fibres oblique and streight and Arteries and small Veins from the neighbouring Parts and furnish'd with Nerves from the sixth Pair and the Marrow of the Loyns which endue it with an exquisite Sense of Feeling Which little Nerves however Riolanus will not allow the â—…reters believing it enough to excite Pain that they are Membranous seeing that from the distension of a Membrane by a Stone or any sharp Substance there follows a Pain severe enough to be endur'd Wherein he mistakes for that any such thing can happen without the flowing in of the Spirits through the Nerves is prov'd from the Palsey in which Distemper the Membranes do not feel through the Defect of Animal Spirits nor do they display the least sign of Feeling that may be thought to proceed from their Structure and Composition V. These are very small in a Man about a Handful in length and about the breadth of a Straw Tho' sometimes they are very much dilated by Stones passing violently through and with a tormenting Pain so that sometimes they have been seen as broad as the small Gut VI. They proceed downwards from the Reins above the Psoâ—… Muscles that be in the Hip between the double Membranes of the Peritonaeum somewhat reflex'd toward the lower Parts and in some manner by an oblique Course between the Membranes of the Bladder are inserted about the hinder parts of the Neck of the Bladder and are continued with the inner Substance of the Bladder in which place some believe 'em to be fortified with Valves at their Oriâ—…ices hindering the Return of the Urine from the upper Parts Which Valves however Riolanus Andrew Laurentius and Plempius call in Question and say that their oblique and winding Ingress into the Bladder stops the Return of the Urine out of the Bladder for which Opinion we also give our Vote CHAP. XXI Of the Piss-Bladder I. THE Piss-Bladder 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a Membranous Organical Part of the lower Belly which retains the Serum received from the Kidneys and at length discharges it as being troublesom either through its Weight or Acrimony II. It is seated in the Hypogastrium between the double Tunicles of the Peritonaeum in the Cavity which is form'd by the Os Sacrum the Hip-Bone and Share-Bone In Men it leans upon the Intestinum Rectum and is joyn'd to the Prostatae Glandules in Women it sticks to the Neck of the Womb and in both is fastened to the Share-Bone before and it is also annexed to the Navel by the Urachus III. It consists of a threefold Membrane of which the outermost in Men but not in Brutes being surrounded with Fat proceeds from the Peritonaeum The middlemost which is thicker is endued with fleshy Fibres for Contraction and Expulsion of the Urine and hence by Aquapendens and Bartholine called the enfolding Muscle by Spigelius the Thruster downward of the Urine This if it be too much distended by â—…oo great a quantity of Urine occasions a total suppression of Urine because the Fibres of it being too much distended are so weakned that they cannot contract themselves again Which sort of Suppression of Urine Forestus writes that he himself was troubled with l. 25. Observ. 14. The innermost is thinner and being of a more exquisite Sense of Feeling is protected by a kind of Slime from the Corrosion of the Liquor contained in it This is found very much wrinkl'd in People that are troubl'd with the Stone IV. The Figure of it is oblong globous or round and sometimes sharp like a Pear V. The Bigness is not alike in all but in some larger in some less which extraordinary largeness is occasioned by its frequent and violent Distensions by too long a Retention of the Water VI. It has one Cavity which by the Observations of Physicians in some few has been seen distinguished into two by a Membrane or Fence in the middle VII There are three Holes belonging to it of which the two lesser before the Neck are open to the Entrance of the Ureters The third which is the bigger in the Neck gives way to the Urine going forth VIII It receives Arteries from the Hypogastries entring the sides of the Neck and carrying thither Blood
conceiv'd any where out of the womb yet in this Age it has been discover'd and observ'd by famous Men tho' it rarely happen that the Birth has been conceiv'd in the Uterine Tubes But that same Story seems incredible related by Philip Salmuth of a certain man that ejected his Seed by a Lip Copulation into his Wives moâ—…th who upon that conceiv'd a Child in her Stomach and afterwards vomited it up as big as ones finger as if a Child could be conceiv'd out of the Seed of the man without the womans Egg and that in the Stomach too full of fermentaceous Juices and Aliments to be concocted I admire that Philip Salmuth a Learned Man should give so much credit to an old Womans Fable as to think it worthy to be inserted among his Observations Nor does that Story of a Child born at Pont a Moâ—…sson conceiv'd and form'd in the middle of the Abdomen and found there after the death of the Mother deserve more credit Which Story was printed by Laurence Strasius at Dormstadt in the Year 1662. with the Judgments of several famous Physicians and Professors upon it Which Story I know not how it can be true unless you will say that perhaps the Egg being before impregnated by the dew of the Male-seed in the Ovary and ready to fall out of the Stones into the Tubes coming by chance to the Borders of the Tubes should slip into the Cavity of the Abdomen before its entrance into the Tube and so by the cherishing heat of that place the Birth should be form'd therein which nevertheless seems very improbable and therefore such Stories as these not without reason are derided and exploded by the Learned Guido Patinus Bartholine and others XXVIII Concerning the motion of the womb there is a famous Question started whether it ascend or tumble to and fro as it is said to do in the Hysteric Passion or Fits of the Mother The affirmative part is defended by Aretaeus Fernelius Laurentius Spigelius and especially by Daniel Sennertus who Prax. l. 4. part 1. sect 2. c. 15. cites and applauds the Opinions of the foresaid Physicians as infallible Oracles and makes a great addition of farther Proof and rejects the contrary Opinion of Galen as altogether repugnant to truth Now the Reasons that perswaded those Learned Men into the affirmative were chiefly these two 1. The Perswasions of idle women who affirm that they not only perceive it within the Globe of the womb as big as a Goos-egg ascend in the Hysteric Passion as high as the Diaphragma but also feel it outwardly with their hands nay some are so confident as to tell you they feel it as high as their Throats Fernelius l. 6. patholog c. 16. writes That he being induc'd by the Complaints and Intreaties of the Women has sometimes felt it with his hand carried up into the Stomach like a little Globe by which it has been strangely oppress'd 2. The Fumes because that in the hysteric Suffocation stinking Smells held to the Nostrils either diminish or take away the Effect but sweet Smells exasperate and bring the fit Of which the first they say proceeds from hence because the womb which is endu'd as it were with a sort of reason flies stinking smells which being held to the Nose it presently descends to avoid ' em The latter because it is delighted with sweet smells and therefore if they be apply'd to the Nostrils it presently ascends to meet ' em And that which seems to confirm this Opinion the more is this because the same sweet things being rubb'd about the inside of the Privity immediately abates the fit because the womb as they say descends to those things with which it is delighted From whence they conclude That the Womb ascends with a spontaneous Motion and may be mov'd any way nor ought that to be wonder'd at say they when its Motion upward in Women with Child and downward in the falling of the Womb is a thing so well known These Reasons were thought to be of so much weight by many that they led men of great repute into the Labyrinth of Error But on the other side That the womb does not ascend upward of its own accord nor is mov'd with a wandring Motion through the lower Belly may be demonstrated by several Reasons 1. The Ligaments prevent it not only the Vermiform those in the shape of a Worm but chiefly the Lateral like to the Wings of Batts which are so strong that they can by no means suffer such a suddain Extension Add to this That the Uterine Sheath is also firmly fastened to the neighbouring parts the Bladder the right Intestine the Privity c. All which parts in the ascent of the womb would be likewise drawn up together toward the upper parts with great pain and trouble and yet we never hear those that are troubled with fits of the Mother ever complain of any such painful Attraction 2. The womb is so small in empty women that it cannot extend it self to the Diaphragma tho' it should be violently dragg'd up by the hand or attenuated by extraordinary Extension into the thinnest Membrane that can be 3. In a Woman with Child tho' it be large yet no rational man will say that in an hysteric Suffocation the womb with the birth included in it is able to ascend to the Diaphragma and the Throat 4. In the dissected Bodies of those that have dy'd of the hysteric Passion of which I have dissected many I have often observ'd that neither the womb was swell'd nor any way remov'd out of his place tho' while they liv'd at the very last gasp they have complain'd extreamly of its ascent to the Diaphragma and their very Throats Nay more in the said Distemper I have rarely met with any fault in the womb but have â—…ound it in one or both Stones XXIX The Globe or Substance which is said to ascend from the lower Belly to the Stomach and higher is not the Womb nor as Riolanus believes the Stones or Tubes of the Womb swelling with putrify'd Seed and violently agitated up and down for those parts are not so loose nor so bigg as to ascend above the Stomach or to be felt as big as a Hen or a Goose-egg but the Intestines or Guts which are struck and torn by some malignant and sharp Vapors ascending from the Womb or the Stones as in the Epilepsie a sharp malignant Vapour arises from the great Toe or some other part to the Head and there by its Vellication causes an unusual and vehement Contraction of the Nerves Now this pain in the Guts being communicated to the Sense in the Head presently to repel the Mischief and exclude the Cause a great number of Animal Spirits are posted into their Fibres by the swelling of which the Guts are contracted and then if there be any wind in the Guts as generally there is they contract themselves about that wind and by compressing and
the Mother Others call it a Vegetative Soul and make no distinction between this and Nature but say that Fertile Seed of necessity must be enlivened This Soul of the Seed Iulius Scaliger and Ludovicus Mercatus stiffly defend And Sennertus following their footsteps Institut Med. lib. 1. cap. 10. has these words They seem all to me to be in an Error who deny the Soul which is the Cause of Formation to be in the Seed For if you grant the forming power to be in the Seed you must allow the Soul to be likewise in it For in regard the Powers are not separable from the Soul of which they are the Powers it is impossible that the Powers proper to any thing should be in a Subject wherein the Form is not from whence the Power slows And since we come to the knowledge of the latent Essence by the Operations what 's the reason we do not attribute a Soul to the Seed that sufficiently manifests it self therein by its Operations But they are two the enlivening of the Seed and the Conception and the forming of all the parts that are necessary for the Actions of Life For every Soul as is manifest in the Seed of Plants is preserv'd while the Soul is in it and remains prolific for some time and while it is sound and uncorrupted in a proper place and with convenient Nourishment operates as living and exercises its operations upon the matter at hand which is not only to be seen in some Creatures by the Action it self but in the regenerating of some parts especially in Plants For the same Operations are observ'd in the Seed and in Plants sound in all their parts which shew the same Agent in both For it is altogether the same Operation whereby the Soul latent in the Seed forms the Body of the Plant out of the Matter attracted and afterwards every year restores the fallen Leaves and gather'd Flowers and thrusts out new Branches and new Roots and therefore it is a sign and Argument of the same Faculty and of the same Soul And this not only in Plants but also in the Seeds of perfect Creatures must of necessity be allow'd to be done For as the Flesh is not made out of Blood unless the Flesh it self enliven'd change the Blood into Flesh much less shall a Creature be made of Seed if the Seed want a Soul And a little after he adds For the Body of Creatures being the most excellent and perfect it follows that what is not enlivened cannot be the principal Cause of the enlivened Body but that the Body enlivened is produced by a Body enlivened as the principal Cause And certainly these Arguments of Sennertus are of great weight to prove that there is a Vegetative Soul in all generated Bodies which is also stiffly maintain'd by Deusingius De Gener. Foet in Utero part 2. sect 1. L. But because a Doubt may here arise from whence the Seed has this Soul it will not be amiss to add something for the clearer illustration and confirmation of the said Opinion We must know then that all and singular the parts of a living animated Body ought to participate of that Soul and to live by it and hence that which is separated to the perfection of the Seed out of the several parts ought also to participate of the same Soul which is also to intermix with the Mass of the Seed And because out of all and every part something of most spirituous parts like Atoms is allow'd to the making and perfection of the Seed hence it comes to pass that the Epitome of the whole animated Body endu'd with the like Soul is contain'd in the Seed and that Soul the Seed being deposited in a convenient place is separated from the thicker parts of the Seed by the Heat with that same Matter of the Seed wherein it inheres that is to say the most spirituous part divided from all and every the other parts and rows'd into Action and so throughout forms a resemblance to that form which is separated together with that same subtile part of the Seed unless prevented and hinder'd in its Operation or that it be extinguish'd and suffocated by any defect of the Heat or circumfus'd Matter LI. But it may be objected That the Forms of animated Beings are indivisible and hence that no parts of the Soul can be separated from the single parts but that those parts meeting together in the Seed constitute the whole and entire Soul To which I answer That the Forms of animated Beings are not of themselves divisible however they may be divided according to the division of the Matter so that the Matter be such wherein the Soul can commodiously lye hid and out of which it may be rais'd again to its duty by the natural Heat temper'd to a convenient degree This is apparent to the Eye in a Willow wherein any Bough being torn off from the Tree the Soul is divided according to the division of the Matter and as it remains in the Tree it self so likewise in the Bough as appears by its Operation For that Bough being planted in a moist Ground the present Soul acts in it forthwith and produces Leaves Roots and Boughs and the Mother Tree it self shews no less the presence of the Soul in it self by the same Operations So likewise in Creatures that same spirituous Essence which is separated from all the several living parts to be carried to the Seed participates of the same Soul of the parts out of which it is separated as being able to afford a convenient Domicil for the Soul seeing that where such a Domicil cannot be afforded the living Soul fails and so being mix'd with the Seed it causes the Seed to be potentially animated if the substance of the Seed be rightly tempered which Soul potentially lying hid therein the Seed being deposited in a convenient place being afterwards freed from the Fetters of the thicker Substance wherein it is enclos'd is rais'd into Action and acting forms out of the Subject wherein it inheres like parts to those out of which the Separation was made as being of the same Species with the Soul out of which it was separated LII And therefore when it is said by Aristotle and other Philosophers That the Soul lies hid potentially only in the Seed this is not to be understood as if the Essence of the Soul were not present but in reference to its being intangled in the other thicker Matter of the Seed so that it cannot act till disintangled from it the Seed being deposited in some convenient place by the Heat which dissolves the said Matter but so separated it acts forthwith and out of its spirituous Subject separated from the parts of the Creature delineates and forms what is to be form'd and increases it with the next adjacent Nutriment For the Seed being of the number of Efficients and seeing every Agent acts not as it is potentially but actually such
mistaken her Reckoning Petrus Aponensis otherwise called the Conciliator by the Report of Cardan asserts himself to have been born in the eleventh Month as if he had kept his Mother's reckoning in her Womb. Homer makes mention of one born in the twelfth Month. Pliny speaks of a certain Woman that was brought to bed in her thirteenth Month and Avicen of another that was brought to bed in her fourteenth Of which we have another Example in Alexander Benedict I omit other Women that went two and twenty Months nay some that went two three four whole years of which Iohn Schenkius quotes Examples I fear me too fictitious out of several Authors VI. But indeed these are all idle Stories without any grounds and prov'd by no certain Experience but taken up from the discourses of tatling Gossips to whom some overcredulous Learned Men have given too much Credit to the end they might underprop these Vanities with some supports of probability For as I believe it to be most certain that the time of delivery may be for certain causes delay'd some few days beyond the Term of nine Months so I believe it impossible that it should be put off one much less many Months seeing that in whatsoever Constitution of a Woman the Increase of heat becomes so great in the Infant that it requires Ventilation by Respiration and for that cause the Birth must seek relief without the narrow straits of the Womb. So that it is manifest those serious maintainers of that Opinion drew too hasty a Conclusion from the false Relations of silly Women For if we narrowly prie into the Matter there lies a Snake in the Grass either wickedness in the Woman or simple Error in the Reckoning Wickedness in the Woman Who if she have no Children upon the death of her Husband that she may enjoy her Estate leagues her self with another Man and being by him got with Child pretends to be delivered Eleven twelve thirteen Months after the death of her Husband that so she may lay the Child to him in his Life-time which is a sort of wickedness so frequent that the Courts are full of these Contentions Which is the reason that these lateward Births seldom happen but among such kind of Widows rarely among Women that live with their Husbands There may be also a simple Error in the Reckoning for that Women generally compute their Reckoning form the first suppression of their Flowers though it may happen from other causes that their Flowers may cease three or four Months before Conception So that if a Woman begin her Reckoning from the first Suppression she must of necessity mistake and through that Mistake the Child shall be said to be born in the eleventh or twelfth Month that came at the appointed time of the end of the Ninth Aristotle believes that Error may proceed from the swelling of the VVomb Women says he are ignorant of the Time of their Conception if when the Womb was swelled before as it often happens they afterwards lye with their Husbands and conceive for they believe this to be the beginning of their Conception because it gave such a Signal VII Through the same Error in Reckoning Children are said to be born in the fifth or sixth Month which nevertheless are not born till the Ninth For that some VVomen for the first two or three Months of their being with Child have their Flowers upon them still at the set times but afterwards they stop and so they begin their Reckoning from that Suppression wherein they greatly err beginning their account from thence when they are three or four Months gone and so a Child shall be said to come in the sixth Month that was duly born in the ninth and this Error is apparent from the just proportion of the Child and the strength of its parts VIII When a Woman draws near her time the Birth turns it self and the Head declining plants it self before the Privity distending upwards the rest of the Body Which turning happens a week or two before the delivery Then the Orifice of the VVomb like a blowing Rose begins to open and dilate it self and to prepare a passage for the Birth that is about to come forth moreover the Infant kicking and sprawling to and fro breaks the Membranes wherein it is infolded and so the humours included therein flow forth which loosen the Privy parts and render the Passages slippery to make the passage easie for the Birth to pass thorough For it rarely happens that the Child is born and comes into the VVorld with the Membranes whole and entire which once I saw in an Infant that was very weak IX This sprawling is painful to the Womb and this pain communicated to the mind in the Brain presently the Animal Spirits are sent in great Quantity through the Nerves to the pursing Fibers of the Womb and the Muscles of the Abdomen which being contracted together cause a strong Expulsion of the Birth X. The Infant comes forth with the Head formost according to Nature says Hippocrates Lib. de nat puer XI Whatever other manner it offers it self to come forth in that Birth cannot be said to be Natural and the more hazardous it is by how much the posture of the Child is more unusual For if it offers one Thigh or one Arm it makes a stop unless that Member be thrust back and the Birth turn'd If two Thighs be offered together the delivery may go forward but with great difficulty if the Buttocks offer themselves first the delivery goes not forward unless very seldom sometimes the Birth comes forth doubled but with great difficulty and great danger If the Sides or Belly offer themselves first the Delivery is impossible How the mature and large Birth should be able to pass through the Straits of the Bones of the Pelvis stuft with Muscles and other parts Galen admires but dares not explain But it is done by reason that the Bones of the Share the Os Sacrum and the Hip-Bone their Cartilages being loosen'd separate a little one from another as we shall shew more at large L. â—… c. 16. XII However it be or at whatever time the Delivery happens Nature expels the Birth out of the Womb through the Uterine Sheath or at least endeavours to do it and that is the only passage appointed for the Expulsion of the Birth I say or at least endeavours to do it for sometimes it happens that that same passage being stopt the Child cannot be expell'd by Nature but must be drawn forth by the skill of the Surgeon and that through the passage already mentioned by the hand either of the Midwife or Surgeon or by the Assistance of Hooks which we have tryed with success in many Women or else by Section made in the Womb and Abdomen which is called the Caesarian Delivery concerning which Francis Rousset has written a famous Treatise But it is rarely seen that Nature her self attempts
probable that the necessity of Respiration forces the Birth to a stronger Calcitration when the Birth in the Womb breaths sufficiently considering the Proportion of its heat For Vessingius resting upon the Authority of Hippocrates writes that the Lungs of the Birth enclosed in the Womb by a gentle dilation draws something of Air and for proof of this he alledges the Infants being often heard to cry in the Womb. Examples of which are produced by Albertus Magnus Libavius Solin Camerarius Sennertus Bartholin and Deusingius Also the Learned Velthusius believes that in this case the Air penetrates to the places where the Infant lies and that it is attracted by the Infant by Inspiration Nay the Honourable Robert Boyle in Experim Physic. Mathem Exercit. 41. seems to confirm this crying by a most memorable Example I knew a certain Lady says he who was with Child some years since at what time her friends bemoan'd her Condition to me that she was very much terrified with the Crying of her little Infant XXVI But whoever they were they were all in an Errour that wrote of the Respiration and crying of the Birth in the Womb. For first the Relations of these things are taken from the vain stories of idle and unskilful Women and Men who either conceive Whimsies of their own or else on set purpose perswade others into a belief of these Vanities Either to move the Rich to Pity for generally the poor are they that only hear these Noises or else to get themselves a name among the Vulgar by establishing some Prophecy upon these feigned wonders But we shall hardly read of any person of Reputation that ever heard this imaginary Crying Secondly it is impossible there should be any breathing or crying in the Womb without any Air but which way shall it come thither For the Mouth of the Womb is so closely shut by the Testimony of Galen or Hippocrates that it will not admit the point of a Probe nor the least Air or Water Of which though some make a doubt yet we found to be true in the year 1649. When we opened the Body of a young Woman that was poysoned in whose body we found the Womb swollen with a Birth above a hands length and the Mouth of the Womb not only most closely contracted but also stopped up with a glutinous clammy flegmatick Humour that would not admit the sharp end of a Bodkin unless it should have been forced through the Glewy substance The same thing we found in December 1665. in a Woman seven Months gone that dy'd suddainly Moreover besides this closing up the Mouth of the Womb the Birth is also so exactly enclosed in its Membranes that no liquor contained within can distil forth nor any external Air penetrate withinside VVhich difficulty Gualter Needham observing after he has related a story as it was told him of a Child that was heard to cry in the Womb of a Noble Woman L. de format foet writes that the Air cannot come from without to the Birth but that it may be there generated by the fermentation of the Humours latent within as wind is bred in the Stomach Guts and other parts But this being in some measure granted how is it possible that the Birth going about to cry should draw in that or any other Air when it swims upon the Milkie liquor of the Amnion which would fill up the Mouth of it For should it breath in the Air it would be choaked in regard the Liquor in the Mouth would slide down into the Lungs through the rough Artery together with the Air and fill up the middle Fistulous part of the Windpipe Certainly t is a wonder that those Learned Men who have written concerning this Uterine Crying have not made this Observation upon it that the sound which is heard in the Belly of a Woman with Child which they that hear perhaps take for the crying of the Infant proceeds only from the Wind that roars in the Guts compressed and straitned by the bulk and weight of the Infant as we hear sometimes a wonderful whistling of the wind impetuously forcing it self through the narrow holes of windows such a one as once I remember I heard my self with several others exactly resembling the sighs and groans of a Man in sorrow or in some great danger so that all that heard it were frighted and talked of nothing but Spirits and Hobgoblins that bewayl'd some terrible Misfortune that was to befal them whereas after half an hours search we found the winding hole through which the wind passing made that lamentable noise which ceaâ—…d upon stopping the Hole And thus t is no wonder if the Vapours passing through the streights of the Compressed Guts sometimes make a whining noise like the crying of an Infant as you shall hear in the lower Belly noises of the wind resembling perfectly the croaking of Frogs and the Hissing of Serpents Therefore says Aristotle the Infant never cries till it be come forth out of the Womb. XXVII Here perhaps an important doubt will arise if it be so that the Birth promotes its delivery by vehement kicking occasioned by the necessity of Respiration and so provokes nature to Expulsion what 's the Reason 1. That sometimes a very weak Birth that wants no Respiration is forced out of the Womb in the fifth or sixth or seventh Month in which seventh Month however many mature Births sufficiently strong and lively and wanting Respiration are born though it may happen that many Births unripe very weak and unable to brook the change of Air and Nourishment may be and are frequently born in that Month. 2. That a Birth that dies in the VVomb consequently requiring no Respiration is cast forth by female Labour seeing that in neither of these cases there is any need of strong Calcitration to promote delivery I answer to the first that sometimes a Birth may be sound in the Womb according to the time that it abides there after Formation though not ripe that is so weak as not to be able to brook the changes of Air and Nourishment and that of such a Birth a Woman miscarries by Abortion not through the necessity of Respiration or provoked by sprawling but by reason of a cause far different either the flowing in of too much flegm or too violent Agitation of the Womans Body or through the rapid disorderly and violent motion of Spirits and Humours as in the passions of Anger or Fear by all which cause the Placenta is loosned from the VVomb or the Birth is killed which then becomes heavy and troublesom to the VVomb and provokes it to Expulsion and to the end that trouble may be expelled presently the Spirits are sent in great quantity to the Contracting Fibers of the VVomb and Muscles of the Abdomen which by drawing both the one and the other together expel the Birth To the Second I say that the Birth being dead for some times the pains of Travel cease because
by several as an unusual Accident This liquor I always found to be less in Quantity and more ruddy in Men of a hot Temper in whom the Vapors exhaling from the Heart are more thin and but a small Quantity condens'd in the Pericardium and such as were condens'd were sooner attenuated by the violent Heat of the Heart and sooner exhale through the Pores of the Pericardium On the other side I observ'd it more watery more plentiful and pale in colder Complexions in whom through ill Diet a diseased Constitution or some other Causes their Heat was less strenuous For which reason thicker Vapors sent from the Substance of the Heart and collected and condens'd in greater Quantity in the Pericardium were not so soon dissipated for want of sufficient Heat Hence Vesalius affirms it to be more plentiful in Women than in Men And Riolanus observ'd it more plentiful in old Men than in young Men. X. Moreover we observ'd that a greater Quantity of this Liquor does not cause the Palpitation of the Heart which is generally asserted however by most Physicians from Galen's Opinion For in all those in whom after they were dead I found a greater quantity of this Liquor in the Pericardium during all the time of their Sickness I observ'd no Palpitation of the Heart at all not so much as in the Englishman before mentioned but on the other side a languid and weak Pulse Neither does the Plenty of that Liquor cause such a Narrowness of the Pericardium as is vulgarly believed that the Heart cannot move freely within it and therefore palpitates But on the other side we always found that the Pericardium was thereby rendered so broad and loose that the Heart might move more freely therein than in lesser Liquor So that the Plenty of this Liquor does not cause Palpitation which is rather excited by any Liquor tho but small which contrary to Custom suddenly and violently dilates or by its Acrimony Corruption or griping Quality molests the Heart and stirs it up to expel so troublesom an Enemy CHAP. VI. Of the Heart in General See Table 9. I. COR the Heart seems to take its Name from Currere to run for which reason the Belgians call it Hart or Hert that signifies also a Hart or Stag because as that Beast excels all others in Swiftness and Motion so does the Heart surpass all other parts of the Body in the same Qualities Which Belgic word nevertheless seems to be deriv'd from Harden which signifies Duration or from Hard which signifies Hardness either because its Motion lasts all a Mans Life-time or else because it exceeds the Muscles and other Parenchyma's in hardness of Substance Riolanus deduces the word Cor from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 contracted of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to burn because from thence the Fire of our Body proceeds And so the Belgic Hert may be deriv'd from Heert which signifies a Hearth Menetiâ—…s derives it from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to Shake or Brandish Chrysippus deduces it from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying Strength or from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be strong in Empire because it performs most strenuous Actions and governs all the other parts of the Body II. However it is the Principal of all the Bowels the Sun of the Microcosm the Principle of the Actions of Life the Fountain of Heat and Vital Spirit and the Primum mobile of our Body Which being vigorous and active all the natural Functions of the Body continue in a vigorous and flourishing Condition when that languishes they languish and when that fails they cease altogether For in this is contain'd the Fuel and Flame of natural Heat while all those parts of the Body grow stiff and numm'd with Cold to which the Blood is hindred from coming from the Heart and that Blood grows cold that is absent longest from this Fountain of Heat and the wast of natural Heat can be repair'd in no other part of the Body than in this All which things are confirm'd by the Testimony of the Sences for that if you put a Finger into the Heart of a dissected living Creature so extraordinary a Heat is felt therein as the like is not to be felt in any other part of the Body III. This Heat tho so excelling from the Principle of Heat it self as it is and tho it be implanted and fixed within it yet certain it is that it is maintained and augmented by the Humours infused into its Ventricles and there fermenting and is continually fed by that continual Fermentation or Effervescency of Humours discharged into it Lime-stone burns through the mixture of Water by reason of its Fermentation or Effervescency what wonder then if the Heat of the Heart be presently inflam'd by the Fermentation of Humours flowing into it and that Flame should be more or less according to the greater or lesser fermentaceous Effervescency which greatly depends upon the aptitude of the Matter to be fermented For the innate hot Spirits of the Heart act upon the Matter that flows in and ferment it with its Heat and cause it to boyl and so renew the Flame that would extinguish by degrees till it went quite out IV. It is seated in the middle of the Breast surrounded with the Pericardium and Mediastinum somewhat reflexed with the Point toward the left by reason of the Diaphragma and fasten'd to it in none of the adjoyning parts but hanging only from the Vessels going in and out at the bottom to which it is united But its Pulsation is felt most in the left side below the Pap because the Sinister Ventricle arises toward the fore-parts of the Thorax with the Aorta which both together strike the left side But the Right Ventricle lies deeply seated toward the right side and therefore its Pulsation is less felt without upon the right side It is very rare that the Heart changes this Situation and that the right Ventricle lies in the left side and the left Ventricle in the right Side and beats in this Yet Riolanus affirms he observ'd this Situation in a Man of forty Years of Age and in the Queen Mother of Lewis the XIII V. The Substance of it is firm thick compact some thinner and softer in the right side thicker and more compacted in the left side closer and harder at the Point Yet at the end of the point where the left Ventricle ends thinner as consisting of the Concourse of the inner and outer Membrane VI. This Substance Galen affirms to be interwoven with a threefold sort of Fibres whom most Anatomists follow But if the Fibres of the Heart be diligently considered and sunder'd by degrees which may be done as well in a boyl'd Heart as in one newly taken out there are no transverse Fibres to be found whatever Vesalius has imagin'd but they seem all to be wound about with a periwincle
it self and prepar'd after a Specific manner in the hairy Parts is made that same Juice which nourishes the Hair and by degrees passes through the Cavities and Porosities of the Hair it self to its extream Parts for the Supply of Nourishment Which is much more manifest in the Pliâ—…a Polonica a Disease so call'd wherein upon the cutting away the Hair the Blood is said to flow out questionless much more crude as not being chang'd as yet into any such Juice in the Skin Now concerning the foresaid Cavities of the Hair there is no question to be made of 'em for that they are extended inwardly to the full length of the Hair is manifestly seen if being cut into small pieces they be well view'd with a Microscope which may be easily discern'd in the Hair of a live Elk as Gesner observes Moreover the Hair is nourish'd after the same manner as the Feathers of Birds for it is almost of the same Nature Now the Quills contain in themselves and make an Alimentary Juice in a certain Cavity which extends to their Ends and what if the Hair have such a Cavity For this Juice seems to be made in the Quills out of the Blood in regard that every Quill has a little Artery extended into the Cavity And thus the Hair may have a peculiar Juice and Cavity through which that Nourishment is carried to the Ends of it whether it be generated out of the Blood or other Humors 4. If the Hairs growing grey through Sickness afterwards return to their Natural Colour certain it is that they are not put forth by Apposition but are really nourish'd through the whole Substance As appears from hence that when the Hairs begin to grow grey they grow first white at the end and so gradually to their furthest extent toward the Head Whereas otherwise if they were nourish'd by Apposition that Whiteness would begin at the Root and that Blackness which was before in the Hair would remain and another white Part were to be appos'd by degrees Nor is it less apparent from hence that some Men have become grey in one Night the nourishing Humors being chang'd of a sudden through the whole length of the Hair 5. That the Hair is said not to grow forth according to all Dimensions is not true for though they chiefly grow in length yet there is some growth and increase observ'd in breadth for we find that some slender and soft hairs become afterwards thicker and harder especially in the Beard Thus in young Girls whose Hair is very slender and soft yet afterwards though they never cut their hair it comes to its just Thickness and Length which Bounds of Thickness they never exceed no more than the Teeth Bones Veins and other Parts which having receiv'd to their full Growth make a full Stop and grow no more There being a certain Bound of Magnitude and a certain Shape prescrib'd to every Part by the Supream Creator whence it comes to pass that the Hair does not grow so much in Breadth as in Length 6. If the Hairs were nourish'd with a fuliginous Excrement of the Third Concoction they would increase to an immense Length and would grow continually as long as a Man liv'd for there is a continual Flux and Supply of that Excrement and so being appos'd to the Roots it would thrust forth the hair still farther and farther But on the other side we see that the hair when it has attain'd to a certain Length grows no farther as we find in Women who never cut their hair as also by the hairs of the Legs Breast Privities and other Parts These Arguments have fix'd an Opinion in the Minds of many That the Hair is really a Part of the Body and enjoy the same Life and Nourishment with the rest of the Parts XX. But if the Reasons on both sides be well weigh'd and consider'd we shall find that the former Opinion is for the most part to be rejected and yet there are some things desicient in the latter which is the truest For in the First Place it is well alledg'd That the Hair is not thrust forth by the only Apposition of any Matter but that they receive Nourishment through their whole Substance But here they do not explain how the Hair should turn grey of a sudden by such a Nourishment Secondly They do not shew whether the Hair be to be call'd a Part of the Body or no. Neither do they unty this Knot How any Part of the Body can live and grow after a Man is dead And therefore these two Doubts are to be more clearly unfolded XXI As to the First Sometimes that Men out of extream Terror or Fear of Death in the space of a Night or a Day have turn'd grey is most certain Which I was an Eye-witness of in a certain Captain taken by the Enemy and fearing to be hang'd the next day And Story is full of Accidents of the same Nature as we may read in Suetonius Nicolaus Florentinus Crantzius Scaliger Adrianus Funius and others Collected by Marcellus Donatus XXII The Cause of this sudden Alteration some have ascrib'd to a sudden Dryness others to a sudden Putrefaction of the Humor nourishing the Hair but neither of these Causes can be the true one since neither can happen so suddenly Therefore I judge this to be the Reason Upon a great Fear and Terror conceiv'd in the Mind the Heart by accident is extreamly troubled and perplex'd and hence there is a weak or no Pulse at all so that some People fall into a Swoon now by reason of this weak Pulse little or no Blood is carry'd to the extream parts so that they grow cold and shiver then the Blood failing in the Heart the Colour may be soon changed in the Iuice that nourishes the Hair which was conveigh'd into it before by the humors mixed with the Blood So that if by chance the Flegmatic Whitish humors were setled in the Skin before they by the predominancy of their Tincture give a Dye to the Juice that nourishes the Hair which continually passing through and nourishing the Hair to its utmost extremity the Colour of the Hair may be changed in a short space and become greâ—… or white because the substance of the Hair is diaphanous easily admitting all sorts of Colours which are carried into it with the Nourishment But if no Flegm stick at that time in the skin of the Head but that some other fuliginous blackish Humor or of any other Colour be there more firmly setled then no sudden greyness can be the consequence of the greatest Terror imaginable And therefore because more frequently fuliginous and choleric Vapors or other Humors are setled in the Skin hence it comes to pass that so few grow grey upon any sudden fright But perhaps it may be objected That if this be the cause of suddenly growing grey then when the Fear and Terror is over and that other Humors have their free course
infus'd by God and governing all the Animal Actions of the whole Body and yet be able to perceive all those things which are done in the extream parts in the least space of a moment even in the very point of time they are acted Moreover they do not believe the Seat of the Rational Soul to be so small in Man and yet in Brutes which are destitute of that Soul to be three times as big Furthermore they cannot apprehend why the Seat of the Soul should not be ascrib'd as well to the Heart as to the Brain seeing that all the Motions of the Animal Spirits and the Brain it self proceed from the Heart which when it ceases to beat all the Animal Actions fail as it happens in a Syncope and in Wounds of the Ventricles of the Heart Concerning this Matter in our Age sharp and furious have been the Contests on both sides as if they were contending for the safety of their Country and daily most terrible Paper-Disputes arise eager indeed and vehement but vain and frivolous by which the Minds of young People are more disturb'd than taught But setting aside these unprofitable Contests let us enquire into the more sensible Action of the Brain it self III. Aristotle teaches us that the Office of the Brain is to temper the heat of the Heart Which Opinion though most reject Spigelius nevertheless endeavors to assert it for Rational Galen attributes to the Brain the Office of generating and making Animal Spirits With whom most of the Modern Philosophers agree For this is most certain that the Animal Actions are not at the first hand perform'd by the Brain it self but by the Animal Spirits made in the Brain by means of which the Soul in well dispos'd Organs executes its Actions and so the Brain is the Instrument which generates those Spirits These Spirits Zabarel Argenterius Helmont Deusingius and some others as well Physitians as Philosophers confound with the vital Spirits and affirm that they differ from them not in Specie but only in certain Accidents and therefore it is that Spigelius says Not that there is here a certain mutation of the vital Spirits which destroys their whole nature but only a certain alteration of the Temperament Eâ—…t agrees with Spigelius and supports his Opinion with these three Arguments 1. The Birth both feels and is mov'd in the Womb without the aid of any Animal Spirit in regard that no Maternal Nerve runs to the Birth 2. A most subtil Spirit cannot be made in a cold Brain and full of mucous Filth for Cold stupifies the Spiriâ—…s and hinders their Actions 3. The Nerves themselves derive their Life and Heaâ—… from the Arteries which are conspicuously diffus'd through them To these Arguments others add one more that the most subtil Spirits never descend to the lower parts but always tend upwards and exhale and hence although there should be allow'd any Animal Spirits to be so subtil they would never descend into the Nerves but would always fly upwards through the Pores But though these things seem specious enough at a distance yet they neither prove nor confirm the said Sentence To the First I answer That the Birth in the Womb is neither mov'd with an Animal Motion nor feels until the first delineaments of the Brains and Nerves are arriv'd and increas'd to such a Bulk Firmness and Perfection that the Brain may be able to generate Animal Spirits sufficient and that those Spirits may be conveniently convey'd to the sensitive and moving parts and because it requires some Months to attain that perfection therefore the Birth does not move it self until the Woman have gone out half her time that is about the fourth Month and a half For what Spirits are generated before that time are very few and weak and the rest of the Parts themselves of the Body unapt for Motion or Sence Nor does the Motion of the Birth proceed nor is it perform'd by the Spirits or Maternal Nerves running to it of which there are none that enter the Birth but by the Spirits and Nerves generated in it self To the Second I say that there is no considerable Magnitude requir'd for the making of Animal Spirits but rather a Mediocrity of Heat such as is sufficient in the Brain though it be much less than in the other parts And there is a necessity for that lesser Heat which they call Cold to asswage the Heat of the Arterious Blood and in some measure to thicken its Volatile sulphurous Spirits that so the Animal Spirit may separate it self more pure from the salt Particles and may flow into the Nerves no longer beset with superfluity of viscous Vapors Moreover it is to be understood that although the Brain be said to be colder than other parts yet that it is not absolutely cold only that the Temper of it is less hot than of many other parts and that the proper confirmation of it is such as is most fit for the generation of Spirits Lastly the natural Temper of the Brain inclining to Cold is not such as stupifies the Spirits nor renders them unapâ—… to perform their Actions in the Parts but its preternatural cold Temper excluding the Blood and natural Heat by a too close constriction of the Pores is the cause that for want of convenient Matter few Spirits are generated therein and that those already generated with great difficulty and in small quantity flow through the streightned Pores and Nerves Which is the Reason that then the Actions fail by degrees not because the Actions are stupify'd as is vulgarly believ'd but because very few are generated flow into the parts For the Spirits endure no Stupefaction for Drowsiness is nothing else but a rest of the Actions in the Sensory Organs by reason of the scarcity of the Animal Spirits To the Third I answer that although the Brain and Nerves are nourish'd with Arterious Blood it does not thence follow that the Animal Spirits generated in the Brain are nothing different from the Blood and Vital Spirits generated in the Heart and carry'd through the Arteries for the nourishment of the Parts for this is as much as if a man should say The Stomach is nourish'd by the Arterious Blood generated out of the Chylus therefore the Chylus concocted therein is nothing different from the Blood Or thus The Heart changes the Chylus into Blood therefore the Blood which is generated therein is nothing different from the Chylus Or thus The Bread is turn'd into Chylus and the Chylus into Blood therefore the bread differs nothing either from the Chylus or the Blood To the Last I say That the Animal Spirits would easily exhale out of the Brain and Pith unless they were there with-held in their cool Work-house which hinders their sudden Exhalation and would flow into the Nerves which are of a firmer Substance and thus all Chymical Spirits are best kept close in cool Vessels and hinder'd from exhaling Moreover that they would not descend
from all Parts in greater quantity to the Substance of the brain than is requisite for the nourishment of it For on the outside Thousands of little branches of Arteries empty a great quantity of blood partly into the Ash-colour'd Cortex enfolding the brain in whose little Kernels apt Particles are separated for the Generation of Spirits from those that are unapt and suckt up by the extremities of the little Fibers of the brain extended into the Cortex partly enter the Substance of the brain it self Moreover on the inside also in the third Ventricle that there are infinite slender branches inserted from the Choroid Fold into the white Pithy Substance and which stick and cling to it will easily appear to those who have prudently examin'd that Ventricle and gently lifted up the Fornix or Arch for then they may perceive innumerable little branches of the Choroid Fold sticking to and entring the Substance of the Fornix the furrow'd Monticles the Stones and Buttocks and pouring into the Pores of it the thinner blood freed by the little Kernels of the Fold from a great part of its viscous Serum which in the dissection of the Substance is seen to start as well out of the invisible Vessels as out of the Pores Moreover it is requisite that the Animal Spirits should be generated in that part out of which they may most conveniently either flow or be thrust forward into the Nerves But such a part is the Substance of the brain and pith which as being altogether fibrous and continuous with the Nerves has also Pory Fibers continuous with them into which by the compression of the brain which follows its dilatation those Spirits may commodiously be squeez'd forward Lastly the Soul makes use of the Ministry of these Spirits and therefore they ought to be generated and contain'd in that part where the Soul resides But the Soul does not reside in empty Cavities or Ventricles in the midst of excrementitious Filth but in solid living Parts Therefore as it resides in the Substance of other Parts so likewise in that of the brain where it lays the foundations of the Animal Spirits which from thence it sends every way at her own pleasure through the Nerves X. This Opinion two great Difficulties seem to oppose 1. Because the Apoplexy and other heavy Drowsinesses proceed according to the Iudgment of most eminent Physicians from a stoppage of the Animal Spirits which hinders their Influx out of the Ventricles of the Brain into the Pith by reason of some obstruction of the beginning of the Pith or its compression happening through some other Cause Which Obstruction or Compression would not be the Cause of the Apoplexy or that same Lethargic Drowsiness if the Spirits were not generated in the Ventricles or the Choroid Fold but in the Substance of the Brain it self 2. Because the Disposal of the Spirits determinated by the Mind would not be compleated in the Substance of the Brain it self but in the common Sensory which is seated in the Brain it self This the Catalepsis plainly shews us wherein the Spirits flow in great quantity into the Nerves but no new determination of them follows because of the Obstruction of the common Sensory XI The first Difficulty is easily remov'd if the Cause of the Motion of the Brain be more narrowly pry'd into In the Fifth Chapter we have at large inform'd you that the Brain is mov'd by the perpetual first Mover of our Body that is to say the Heart and that the Heart dilates the whole Brain by forcing through the Arteries the Spirituous Blood into its Substance which upon the cessation of that Impulse presently falls again and so by compression forces the Spirits contain'd in it further into the Nerves XII Now if through any Cause as Obstruction or Compression c. the Arteries happen to be streighten'd through which the Blood is push'd forward and flows into the Brain by which means the free access of the Blood forc'd through the Arteries to the Brain is foreslow'd or obstructed then there is a great diminution of the Matter proper for the generation of Spirits and the motion of the Brain is very small whence happens not only a generation of very few Spirits and a weaker Impulse of them into the Nerves Now in regard that few Spirits and those weakly impuls'd are not sufficient to perform the Actions of the Sensory Organs whose Actions are also perform'd by the continual and sufficing motion of the Spirits of necessity there follows a deep Drowsiness or Rest of the Animal Actions which Drowsiness is either more or less as the streightness of the Arteries is either more or less But if those Arteries through which the Blood flows toward the inner parts of the Brain that is to say the Arteries of the wonderful Net and the Choroid Fold nay the Carotid Arteries themselves be of a sudden strongly compress'd and obstructed by the sudden falling of thick Flegm collected in the Brain upon them or the depression of the Skull and Brain presently the Motion of the Blood toward the Brain is obstructed and hence also the generation of the Animal Spirits and their motion and impulse into and through the Nerves is obstructed which is the Cause of the Apoplexy Which Physicians hitherto have absurdly affirm'd to happen from the obstruction or streightning of the beginning of the Nerves when it altogether proceeds from the obstruction or compression of the Arteries Which Hippocrates most clearly teaches us where he asserts the Cause of the Apoplexy to be the standing of the Blood more especially in the Arteries of the Neck that is to say the Carotides and others deriv'd from thence such as those which compose the wonderful Net and Choroid Fold Seeing that thereby the Motion and Action of the Spirits is destroy'd which Moâ—…ion being obstructed the body must of necessity rest Let us hear the most acute Fernelius who confirms this Matter most elegantly by Experiments and Reasons Seeing upon a time says he a lusty sane man fall to the ground upon a desperate Blow upon the Left Eye and presently depriv'd of Sence and Motion together with a difficulty of Breathing and Snoaring and other strong Symptoms of an Apoplexy and that he could neither be preserv'd by Blood-letting nor any other way but that he dy'd within twelve hours I thought it worth my while to search into the Cause of his Death To that purpose having dissected and open'd his Brain and finding no Contusion of the Bone or Meninxes or Substance of the Brain but only that the inner Veins of the Eye were broken by the violence of the Contusion I observ'd that from thence about two Spoonfuls of Blood had lighted upon the Basis of the Brain which being clotted together had bound up those Arteries which form the Net-like Contexture and which being thence propagated into the Ventricles of the Brain constitute the other Choroid Fold But the Ventricles of
of many Vapors carried to the Head through some Conturbation of the Bowels and there condensed into Water by the coldness of the Brain which is afterwards expell'd forth as an unprofitable Excrement Neither does Coringius seem to differ much from their Opinion But in regard that many shed Tears in great abundance upon the sight of a sad Accident no Conturbation of the Bowels preceding Nay seeing that many times Tears proceed from riding against the cold Air or by looking and gazing suddenly upon the Sun without any Conturbation of the Mind or Bowels seeing that others weep when they please and that Vapors cannot so suddenly ascend to the Head and be condens'd so soon and in so great a quantity seeing that the Heart being troubled and possessed with extraordinary Grief together with the Brain and other Bowels and yet the Person grieved never sheds any Tears seeing that Tears flow as well in Joy as Sadness but the Vapors cannot be carried to the Head in the same equal manner and quantity nor with the same swiftness in these contrary Affections of the Mind it is plain that this cannot be the Original of Tears Aristotle alledges Tears to be a certain Sweat or Vapour But what sort of Sweat and where generated Cartesius more at large explains For saith he That their Original may be the better understood it is to be observed that though many Vapors continually exhale from all Parts of our Body yet there is part out of which more issue forth than out of the Eyes by reason of the Bigness of the Optic Nerves and the multitude of the small Arteries through which they come thither VI. But these things are to be examin'd a little more strictly Cartesius says there is no part out of which the Vapors issue forth in more abundance than out of the Eyes But it is possible that more Vapors should issue forth from those parts which are enclosed and enfolded besides other Membranes with a scherotic hard and thick Tunicle and so compact and void of Pores that there is not the like in the whole Body I say Is it possible that more Vapors should issue forth from this than from any other parts among which there are a thousand ten times hotter moister and more Porous Is it because of the largeness of the Optic Nerves that there is such a Conflux of Vapors to the Eyes and yet the Sight no way darkned thereby nor the Ingress of the Animal Spirits no way obstructed Whatever flows through their larger innermost Porosities must be deposited in the innermost Cavity of the Ball between the Humors and so of necessity the Balls of the Eyes could not chuse but swell and the Sight be very much endamaged As to the multitude of diminutive Arteries that is not observ'd to be more numerous in the Eyes than in many other parts for few small Arteries run to the Eyes and those so slender that they are scarce to be discern'd so that so great a quantity of serous Humors cannot be pour'd forth out of those invisible Vessels to moisten a whole Napkin with Tears in the space of one hour If any one ask why that Vapour does not always and continually flow and beget Tears Cartesius answers That the Vapors of the Body are only charg'd and condens'd into Water when they are less stir'd than is usual though they are not so copious or when they are more copious so that they be not excessively agitated VII Now let this most famous Person tell me where is the less motion of the Vapors or the greater quantity whether in the Man that sheds them for Joy or for Sorrow If he says that in Sorrow their Motion is less I will aver that in Joy there is not a greater quantity because these Affections in the shortest Interval then befall the same Man whereas in Gladness at the same time it ought to be occasion'd by a greater quantity for he himself tells us it cannot be done by the greater Motion which happens in Gladness If on the other side he affirms that there is a less quantity of them in Sadness I will assure him that the Motion is greater in Gladness which according to the Words of Cartesius obstructs the shedding of Tears nevertheless in the mean time there is not a greater abundance of Vapors to be so suddenly encreas'd in the same Person and yet that very same Person in a short interval of time sheds Tears during both these contrary Affections of the Mind and therefore not from the Causes already related These Difficulties Cartesius espying afar off chooses rather to add other Causes of this Accident Moreover says he I cannot observe any more than two Causes why the Vapors that proceed from the Eyes should be changed into Tears The first when the Figure of the Pores through which they pass is alter'd by some Accident c. The other is Sadness succeeded by Love and Ioy c. VIII Shall there be then the same Figure of the Pores in these same contrary Affections Sorrow Love and Joy I may add in Laughter also swift Riding or when Dust or any other thing falls into the Eyes also in Infants grown People or aged Persons Or would Cartesius rather distinguish between the next Causes that the certain Figure of the Pores should be one thing Sadness another Love another These things are very repugnant one to another for thus one next Cause of Tears is divided into several and those contrary to each other He that more attentively weighs these things shall find that the most acute Cartesius in his Discourse of Tears as well as other Men was in a great Doubt and very far from the Mark Which however was no Fault in the chief Philosopher of our Age seeing there is no Man so perspicuous that may not e rt in some things IX From the aforesaid Opinion Aquapendens and Casserius very much differ who affirm Tears to be a thin Excrement of the Eyes themselves generated out of the remainder of the proper Concoction gathered together in the Fat and little Kernels With these Septalius agrees writing that Tears are a serous Humor diligently generated in the Eyes and collected together in their four Kernels But neither do the Eyes discharge such a quantity of Excrement nor generate so much serous Humor Neither can so large a quantity be gathered together in small diminutive Kernels not able to contain above eight or ten Drops nor in a small quantity of Fat which by reason of its oyliness will not imbibe any Serum so as to moisten whole Handkerchiefs with Tears Neither can such a quantity be collected without a visible Tumor and Inconvenience to the Sight in the small Kernels and Fat before mention'd whereas before the shedding of the Tears there is no swelling of the Kernels or Fat to be perceiv'd Besides there is no reason why that Excrement should be generated in Grief and sudden Sorrow so speedily or such a quantity be collected
together to burst forth into Tears X. Some few were of Opinion that Tears were a Portion of the Potulent Humors contain'd in the Brain and Veins of the Eyes and more especially in the Veins of the Corners of each Eye which bursts forth upon the Compression or Dilation of those Veins occasion'd by much Joy or Sorrow But the narrowness and small number of those Veins hereby discernable contradict this Opinion together with the vast quantity of the Lachrimal Humors which cannot be collected to that Abundance in those diminutive Vessels and flow forth in so large a quantity nor can it be so suddenly transmitted to them nor pass through them Add to this that the little Veins of the Eyes take in at their Extremities the superfluous bloody Humors and carry them to the Jugulars but pour none out from themselves because there is no passage for that potulent Matter to come to the Eye XI Nor do they differ much from the foregoing Opinion who believes the Tears to be nothing else but the Serum which is separated from the Blood which is carried to the Head when the Pores are so disposed by a certain Motion of the Spirits that it may be able to burst forth But they neither tell us what that Disposition is nor that same certain Motion of the Spirits which two things in regard they are so extreamly different and multi-cacious and cannot be naturally the same as well in Constriction as Dilatatiâ—…n in Sadness as in Joy in which contrary Accidents however Tears must flow from one and the same next Cause and not from diverse and contrary there is nothing remains that can desend that Opinion XII At this day many ascribe the Flux of Tears only to the Lymphatic Vessels carry'd to the Eyes Yet never any Person that I know of has hitherto demonstrated that manner of Lachrymation nor those Vessels themselves besides Nicholas Stenonis that most accurate Describer of Kernels who lately going about to explain that Opinion more at large not without reason affirms them to be a Serous sort of Liquor chiefly separated from the Arterious Blood but as to the manner and place of Separation his Opinion is quite different from what any body has hitherto propounded For he believes that the Blood is carried through the Arteries into the Glandules of the Eyes and that the Superfluity of it is suckt up by the Veins But that the Veins if they be squeez'd together by any Cause do not perform that Office sufficiently and then by reason of the long stay of the abounding Blood in the Glandules the Serum is separated from it in greater quantity and flows in the form of Tears through the Lymphatic Vessels proceeding from the Kernels Then he believes the Veins to be compress'd by the swelling of the Glandules caused by a more copious Influx of Animal Spirits which creeping into the Glandules through the diminutive Nerves at the disposal of the Mind as in Grief Anger Joy Sadness flow sometimes more sometimes fewer into the Kernels more than after a various manner and streighten them more or less To this cause he refers those Tears that are shed contrary to Inclination as also those which proceed from Fumes and sharp Vapors or break forth upon any violent motion of the Body and farther believes his Opinion to be mainly confirmed by the bursting forth of bloody Tears which are sometimes observ'd Certainly this new Opinion is propounded very speciously but in the mean time it does not sufficiently discover the Fountain of Tears For if we compare the great quantity of Tears so swiftly bursting forth with the diminutive Blood-bearing Vessels of those Kernels presently this Opinion will fall to the Ground at the very Threshold For how few and how small are those little Arteries which are carried to the Kernels of the Eyes The most of them are invisible Therefore though in the time of Sadness all the Veins of those Kernels which would carry back the Blood should be altogether obstructed and all their little Arteries open'd by a Solution of the Continuum and out of these not only the Serous Part of the Blood but all the Blood that was contain'd therâ—…in and carried through them should burst forth they would not be able to pour forth the hundredth part of such a quantity of Liquor in a whole hour as often in great Sadness is wept out in Tears in the space of one single quarter of an hour If it be answered that in the time of Sadness the Blood is carried in greater quantity to the Eyes and that the said Kernels swell and are more compress'd and the Veins streightned Reason will teach us the contrary For in Sadness the Pulse of the Heart and Arteries is little and contracted and the exterior Parts wax cold because the Heart sends from it self much less Blood into any of the Arteries much less into those of the Head Neither is there any reason why in Sadness it should be carried in greater quantity and more serous to the Kernels of the Eyes than to any other Parts Moreover the little Arteries of those small Kernels are too few and too narrow for so great a quantity of Blood and Serum to pass through them in so short a time as is so swiftly wept out in Tears Lastly there is nothing to cause those little Kernels more to swell or be compressed in time of Grief than at other times For as to those Animal Spirits which as Nicholas Stenonis asserts How forth at the Disposal of the Mind Sometimes more sometimes fewer as in Grief Anger Joy c. and move the Kernels after a various manner we grant that they enter the Kernels in a small quantity through those diminutive few and for the most part invisible Nerves moderately to separate the saltish symphatic Liquor from the Arterious Blood and pour it forth through the small Vessels describ'd in the foregoing Chapter for the necessary moistning and smoothing of the Eyes but not in so great a quantity as to move the Eyes and cause them so swiftly to swell or to compress them and so to squeeze out such a quantity of Tears For by the Influx of those Animal Spirits hardly any other Parts are mov'd at the disposal of the Mind then the Muscles and such parts as are mov'd by the Muscles Add to this that in Sadness the Animal Spirits flow in lesser quantity than is usual to any parts whatsoever which is the reason that the Joynts often tremble and the Sight of the Eys is darkened For the Heart contracting it self and beating but weakly as in Sadness little Blood is sent to the Brain to encrease their Generation and withal the Motion of the Brain it self being thereby weakned it sends forth fewer Animal Spirits to the rest of the Parts Lastly though we should grant what that Famous Gentleman asserts his Opinion is not thereby confirm'd but quite overturn'd For thence it follows that the more copiâ—… us those Animal Spirits
two Oblique Muscles because of the secret Allurements of Lovers Glances are called Amatorious but from their rowling Motion Circumactors XII In Brutes that feed with their Heads toward the Earth besides these six Muscles there is also a seventh which is sometimes observed to be divided into two but rarely into three Muscles This being short and fleshy encompasses the Eye and is inserted into the hinder part of the Horny Tunicle and sustains the looking down continually upon the Ground and draws it back when it s own weight carries it farther out XIII The Muscles are endued with a moving Power by the little Branches of the second Pair of Nerves which are chiefly inserted into the streight Muscles For the innermost Oblique Muscle receives a little Branch from the fifth Pair the outermost Oblique receives a little Branch from the slender Pair that stands next before the Fifth XIV Here arises a Question when each Eye has distinct and proper Muscles why they do not move with various Motions but are always mov'd together with the same Motion Aristotle ascribes the Cause to the Coition of the Optic Nerves and Galen and Avicen seem to be of the same Opinion But in regard the Optic Nerves are only visory and contribute nothing to Motion nor enter the Muscles they cannot be the cause of this thing Besides Anatomists have now found it out that this Conjunction of the Optics is wanting in several men and yet the motion of their Eyes while they liv'd was the same as in other men so equal always that the Sight of both was always directed to one Point Andrew Laurentius says that such an equal Motion is requisite for the perfection of the Sense and so he only proposes the end of the Motion but does not explain the Cause Others alledg that this equal Motion proceeds from hence that the moving Nerves are mov'd together at their beginning But it appears from this Conjunction that the Spirits indeed may flow to the Muscles of each Eye however it is not manifest why the Spirits flow more especially in greater quantity into these or those Muscles of the Eyes and not into the same external and internal of both Eyes For Example's sake suppose a Man would look for something upon his Right-Side presently the Spirits are determined toward the external Muscle of the Right-Eye and the internal Muscle of the Left-eye and so the Sight is turned to one Point through the two various Muscles of each Eye But if the Union of the Beginning of the Nerves of the second Pair should any way contribute to this in regard of that Union it would be requisite that the Spirits should flow at the same time into the same Muscles of both Eyes as well external as Internal and so by vertue of that Motion both Eyes would look several ways upon several things and not up on the same And therefore the true Reason proceeds from the Mind for when the Mind intends to behold any thing one Eye is not to be turn'd to this another to that thing for so there would happen a Confusion of the Rays and Perception in common Sence but both Eyes are of necessity to be turn'd toward the same thing and hence the Spirits are always determin'd to those Muscles that can draw both the Eyes toward the same Object but not to such Muscles as draw each Eye several ways Because the Mind always intends to behold one Object apart and though it may often intend to behold several things yet it observes a certain Order and beholds one thing after another which may be done with a speedy Motion if the Objects are so near and large that they may be easily perceiv'd But if the Object be remote and small then both Eyes must of necessity be longer fix'd upon the Object and a greater quantity of Rays are requisite to flow into the Eyes for the better Perception of what the Mind is intent to behold CHAP. XVII Of the Bulb of the Eye THE Bulb of the Eye consists of Membranes and Humors The Membranes are either common or proper The Common Membranes are twofold Adnate and Innominate I. The first next the Bone or White Adnate by the Greeks call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because it adheres to other Membranes of the Eyes by Galen and Hippocrates call'd the White of the Eye is a thin Expansion of the Pericranium above the Sclerotic as far as the Circle of the Iris joyning the Eye to the Orbit and inner Bones whence it is called the Conjunctive It is endued with an exquisite Sence of Feeling being sprinkled with many diminutive Arteries and Veins Through which little Arteries when there is a greater Afflux of hotter Blood then a Reflux through the diminutive Veins then happens an Ophthalmy of which Distemper this Membrane is the Seat II. The other by Columbus call'd the Innominate is nothing else than a thin Expansion of the Tendons of the Muscles concurring to the Corneous Tunicle produc'd to the very Circumference of the Iris to which it adheres like a small broad Ring which causes the White of the Adnate Tunicle to look more bright Bauhiâ—… Riolanâ—…s and Casserius will not allow this Tunicle to be number'd among the Tunicles but rather among the Muscles of whose Tendons it consists However Galea makes mention of it among the Tunicles of the Eye but gives it no Name and therefore perhaps by Columbus call'd the Nameless or Inâ—…ominate III. Besides these two common Membranes in an Oxe there is another Membrane which is the outermost of all not sticking close to the Eye but endued with Motion and a Muscle By means of which Cows and Oxen close and twinkle with their lâ—…es â—…et their Eye-lids remain open all the while IV. The Proper Membranes or Tunicles are three of which the first and outermost is said to proceed from the Dura Mater and expands it self about the Bulb of the Eye It is call'd the Sclâ—…rotic from its hardness though Fallopius will not allow the former believing it to differ very much from the Dura Mater both in substance and thickness The Sclerotic enâ—…olds the whole Eye and is thick hard tough equal opacous behind before transparent like a bright Horn and polish'd whence it had the Name of the Horny Tunicle Which Name however many times is given to the whole Sclerotic by reason of its horny thickness and hardness Though it be thick and hard yet it is generally thought to be single though Bauâ—…inus will have it to consist of several Rinds or four as it were thin Plates and affirms that from hence it was that Avicen alledg'd it to be four fold But this same Quadruplicity is more easily to be conceiv'd and imagin'd from the thickness and hardness of it then to be demonstrated V. The second and middle Tunicle which is much thinner than the former arising from a thin Film and sprinkled with several diminitive Vessels because
Women are produced farther outward and make the Bason larger 3. The Ilium Bones are much larger and more hollowed and their Spine more advanced to the Sides in Women than in Men. 4. The Gristle that fastens the Share-bones to the end it may be the better distended in Women is twice as thick and twice as loose as it is in Men especially if they have brought forth Children moreover the Line by which the Share-bones are joyned is shorter in Women than in Men. Here two Questions arise The first Whether the Share-bones are moved The second How it is possible a mature and large Birth should come forth in delivery through the narrow Passages of the Bason every way beset and stuft with Muscles and other Parts V. As to the first Question Spigelius Cajus and Riolanus maintain the Affirmative who avouch these Bones to be moved upwards and downwards by the help of the Muscles which they say is apparent in venereal Congress and Leaping But they should have said that these Bones are moved either of themselves by the help of the Muscles inserted into them or by accident as in some measure they follow the Motion of the adjoyning Parts The first is false seeing these Bones are immoveably joyned together by Symphysis except only at the time of Delivery at what time the Gristles being moistned and loosned they become somewhat moveable and give way a little one from the other The latter is true for upon the Motion of the Thigh Back and Loyns it is certain that these Bones move with the whole Nameless Bone but not separately by themselves VI. As to the second Question if the Birth be but small it may pass through those narrow Passages without any great Trouble as daily Experience evinces For at the time of Delivery the general Parts through the plentiful Afflux of Humors become so loose soft and slippery that they will admit the whole Hand of the Midwife or Chyrurgion But if the Birth be large and that the Womans Parts are naturally streight of themselves then the Delivery proves tedious and painful and the Share-bones the Ligaments and Gristles being moistned will open somewhat wider nay the Gristly Connexion of the Os Sacrum with the Bones of the Ilium will be so loosned that they manifestly give way one to another which Dehiscency of the said Bones the first that observed among the Ancients were Hippocrates Avicen and Aetius among the Moderns Pineus and several other eminent Physitians Alexander Benedictus writes that if the Birth be large those Bones open of themselves and the Pecten and the Os Sacrum consent to the Expulsion also that those Bones after Delivery return by degrees to their natural Place and that the resistance of one or more of these is the cause of difficult Labour though the rest answer the whole Fernelius among the Causes of difficult Labour reckons the firm Compaction of the Share-bones Gortheus asserts that the very Hips of Women in Travel are divided which causes violent Pains in the Loyns and Hips However though these Bones are divided and gape yet they are not dislocated for they would never recover their Pristine Estate But this confirmed Opinion of the Ancients and Moderns Columbus Rodricus a Castro Volcher Fuchsius C. Stephanus Cordeus but chiefly Laurentius endeavours to refel contrary to all the Documents of Experience the most certain Mistress and Instructress in all things Pareus professes he thought the Bones of the Ilion and Share-bones could not possibly be divided in Delivery but he was convinc'd by the Dissection of a Woman hang'd fourteen Days after she was brought to Bed in whom he found the Ilion divided from the Os Sacrum and the Share-bones distant half a Fingers breadth from one another Bauhinus produces two remarkable Observations concerning this Matter And Riolanus reports that he has thirty times observed in Women that have dy'd in Child-bed that the Gristle which binds the Share-bone has been divided the breadth of the Little-finger and that you might by handling feel the Gaping of the Share-bones and that before Dissection he has perceiv'd the Share-bones moveable by lifting up one Thigh and observed that one advanced it self above the other Says Harvey Upon my own Experience I assert that the Share-bones are oft loosened in Labour their Gristly Connexion being softned and the whole Region of the Hypogastrion enlarged to a Miracle not from the Effusion of any Watry Substance but of their own accord as the Baggs open to shed the ripe Seeds in Plants Spigelius asserts the same upon the Experience of several Dissections And upon the Dissection of a Woman that dy'd in Child-bed I my self publickly shew'd the Share-bones so far divided one from the other that you might put your little Finger between them Which is the reason that Women in Labour frequently complain of sharp pains about their Share-bone and the Os Sacrum and that the said Gristles are thicker then ordinary in Women that have often lain in and that old Virgins in whom these Gristles are dry'd if they happen to Marry and bear Children have hard Labours Lastly because that although the rest of the Gristles of the Body grow dry and in many Parts become Bony yet in Women they never grow dry nor harden into Bones Riolanus writes that this deduction of the Ilion Os Sacrum and Share-bone not only happens in difficult but also in the most easie Labours which however I believe is much to be question'd For that I have observ'd more then once Women that have been suddainly brought to Bed of little Children yet mature Births with little or no pain either in their Beds or sitting in their usual Chairs and that without the help of a Mid-wife in whom I could not perceive the least Divulsion of the said Bones which otherwise by the Distension of the adjoyning Membranes must have caus'd great Pains nor is it probable that these Bones can be parted asunder but by some strong and violent Effect of a large Birth striving for Passage For that same Gristly Connexion is too strongly knit to be easily distended CHAP. XVII Of the Bones of the Arm that is to say of the Shoulder and Elbow THE Bones of the Hand belong either to the Shoulder the Elbow or the External Part of the Hand I. The Shoulder-bone is one Bone great strong round and uneven in the hinder Part toward the Elbow somewhat depress'd and flat The upper Part of the Bone has a great and Globous Head fortified with a Muscle by means of which it is joynted with the Scapula by that sort of Diarthrosis which is call Arthrodie but because the Cavity is not conveniently proportionated to receive the Head hence the Lips of it are enlarg'd with a surrounding Gristle A little lower round about the Head are several manifest Holes through which the Blood-bearing Vessels penetrate inwardly for the Nourishment of the Marrow Riolanus writes that there is a wide Hole in the
the Belly according to Hippocrates is very prejudicial to this Disease as being that by which the Morbific matter contained in the Breast cannot be evacuated there being no Passage from the Bowels included in the Breast to the Intestines It may be said that Nature seeks occult ways for her self unknown to us by which she Evacuates that filth which is noxious and troublesom to her as when in an Empyema the Matter in the Breast is voided by Urine which she may also do in a Peripneumony and so the Matter in the Lungs may be conveighed to the Guts but this rarely falls out The Cure of this Disease is very like the Pleuâ—…isie for in this Cure Blood-letting has always the greatest share many times repeated according to the strength of the Patient and prevalency of the Distemper using at the same time 〈◊〉 Remedies or Glysters and other Medicaments as well to expectorate as extinguish the heat of the Feveâ—… But there is no delay to be made in the Cure for unless this Disease be opposed with all speed in a short time it either suffocates the Patient or turns into an Empyema or Consumption for it corrups the substance of the Lungs Thus Iacotius reports that upon opening the Body of a Peripneumony he found the upper Part of the Lungs gangreen'd and the Medrastinum full of a bloody Serum OBSRVATION II. The Tooth-ach THE Daughter of N. complained of an Intollerable pain in her Teeth which had lasted for some Months together nor could be asswaged by any Topics or other Medicaments taken I advised her for some Nights together when she went to Bed to swallow two Pills of Transparent Aloes about the bigness of a Pea and not to drink any thing afterwards which when she had done three or four times the pain ceased and never returned ANNOTATIONS IT so happens that sometimes the upper Orifice of the Stomac being stuft with Viscous Cold or Choloric Humors is the Cause of the Tooth-ach partly because of the great consent there is between it and the Brain by the Nerve of the Sixth Conjugation partly because that then being loosened with over much moisture it sends up many Crude and Cold or Choleric and sharp vapours to the Brain In such a Case those Cold and Viscous Choloric Humors are best expelled by strong Vomits or Bitter detersive Medicaments that will adhere long to the place affected And therefore I ordered her toward the Evening to swallow two dry Pills of Aloes sometime after she had Supped and to drink nothing after them to the end that staying in the Oesophagus and being there melted they might stick the longer to the Orifice of the Stomac and have more time to cleanse it For Medicaments that are taken upon a fasting Stomac presently â—…ink down to the bottom of the Stomac and signifie nothing in the Distempers of the upper Orifice Thus Avicen orders all Pills that Purge the Head to be taken at Night an hour after Supper OBSERVATION III. A Pestilential Fever A French Merchant came to an Inn and not finding himself very well presently went to Bed believing it to be nothing else but the weariness of his journey the next day the Disease augmenting the Woman of the House desired me to see him and try whether he were not infected with the Sickness which was very rise in many Places He was very weak with a little Pulse thick and unequal Yet the Fever did not offend so much by it's heat as by it's malignity I understood also by the Sick Person that he found himself ill the day before he came and that this was the third day of the Disease But when I found neither Carbuncles nor Bubos nor any other Signs of the Pestilence I Judged his Disease to be rather a Pestilential Fever then the Pestilence it self thereupon I began with Blood-letting after I had first given him a Glister and took away fifteen or sixteen Ounces of Blood out of the Median Vein of the Right Arm which Blood a thing to be wondered at was for the most part whitish so that it hardly seemed to be Blood When it was cold that which first came out first like Milk was all coagulated like a Muscilage and was of a greenish Colour only some very few red Clods were to be seen at the bottom That which flowed out last was for the most part between green and white but at the bottom there was a Setling of Blood of a dark red Colour that was scarcely curdl'd This Blood-letting gave him great ease In the mean while for his Drink I gave him a Ptisan wherein Citron Rinds and the Fruit of Tamarinds were boyl'd Then because of the extraordinary Corruption of his Blood I ordered him to be let Blood again which the Patient hearing impatient of the Anxiety that oppressed him he earnestly desired me it might be done that day Thereupon toward the Evening we took out of his other Arm about a Pint of Blood that which came out first was very white that which came out last very red and to repair his strength we gave him Chicken Broth with Sorrel and a Pome Citron boil'd in it All the next Night he was very pensive weak and restless so that it was thought he would have dyed But Nature being now discharged of her burthen the next day which was the fourth day of the Disease strongly and successfully expelled the remainder of the Malignity by a critical and spontaneous Sweat which about Noon breathed out in great abundance from the Patients Body at the same time also small red Pustles like Millet Seeds came forth very thick so that the Skin of his whole Body was cover'd with them from Head to Foot After this lucky Crisis the Fever went off and then the Patient falling again to his Broths and Drinking his Ptisan recovered his former Health and lost Strength But all the Cuticle of his Body became new the former peeling off not without an extraordinary Itching ANNOTATIONS CErtainly it was a very great Malignity that had caus'd such a Corruption of Humors by which the Blood was so strangely changed in so short a time as to loose its Natural Colour and grow white 'T is true I once saw at Beauvais Blood which came out at first white like Milk and afterwards somwhat red from the Arm of one that was Sick of a Malignant Fever which Blood was then shew'd to several that lookt upon it with admiration These Malignant Fevers too were at that time very rise in most Parts of France and were caus'd by the common and great Infection of the Air. The Nature and Cure of which see Obs. 24. where we shall describe the Story of a Fever like to this that seiz'd one of our Country Men. OBSERVATION IV. JOhn de Laurier a Merchant of Poitou about threescore Years of Age ask'd my advice concerning a Gonorrhea which he had for some Months accompanied with a heavy pain in the Loyns Upon Examination of the case
of Wind. In the intervening Hours because of the Suffocations frequently returning she sometimes took her first Decoction By the use of these Medicines within four days the greatest part of her Pains ceased The twenty ninth of September I ordered the Saphena Vein in her Left-foot to be opened and a good quantity of Blood to be taken away which gave her ease and the same day she took her last Apozeme again of which the following days she drank no more than once a day And thus by the use of these Remedies she escaped a dangerous Disease and recovered her Health ANNOTATIONS CHild-bearing Women in their Lyings in frequently commit very great Errors afterwards the Causes of great Mischiefs Among which this is not the least that they are over confident of their own Strength and trust themselves in the Air sooner than the time of their Lying in will permit whence arise those dangerous Diseases Suppression of the Courses Fevers Suffocations and many others of which there are several Examples to be found in Authors besides what we see every day Thus in our Practice we have seen through this Error committed by Child-bearing Women most terrible Diseases brought upon them some of whom have died others ran most terrible Hazards others have goâ—… those afflictions of some particular Part which they could never claw off as long as they liv'd They do not all escape so luckily as our Patient before mentioned for sometimes extream Weakness or loathing of the Taste or a Fever or some other thing hinders the taking of the Medicaments or inverts or hinders the operation of the Medicines and then all the Art and Diligence of the Physitian signifies nothing Thus the same year that I had this Woman in Cure the Wife of a Kinsman of mine at Utrecht a strong Woman fell into the same Distemper but not to be cured by all the Prescriptions of the most learned and prudent Physitians In these Cases I have observed this that the Courses suppressed a little after Delivery unless they be stirred within three or four days by Medicaments can very hardly or not at all be moved by the help of the Physitians but are the Causes of very desperate Diseases which Diseases do not presently appear sometimes not till after some days sometimes not till after the third or fourth Week And in the Cure of these Diseases I have farther observed this that the greatest Relief is given at the beginning before the Strength of the Patient is abated partly by attenuating Apozems and loosning withal to provoke and evacuate the Matters peccant both in quantity and quality partly by Blood-letting in the Feet which way of Cure I have with success experienced more than once OBSERVATION XX. The Nephritic Passion THE Young Lady Calsâ—…ager was so cruelly tormented for three days with a Pain a little below her Loyns that she knew not where to turn her self these Pains were also accompanied with Vomiting and an extraordinary Restlessness It was the Nephritic Passion and the Gravel or Stone descending through the Ureters caused this Pain Wherefore to expel the Gravel with more speed and ease I prescribed this Decoction â„ž Slic'd Licorice â„¥ s. Herbs Stone-parsly Althea Chervil Mallows Water-parsly Leaves of black Ribs an one Handful Flowers of Camomil one Handful and a half fat Figs n o ix New Milk common Water an q. s. Boil them to the Consumption of the third part for an Apozem That Day she drank almost all the Decoction and about Evening voided some small Stones with a good quantity of Gravel and was freed from her Distemper ANNOTATIONS MEdicines that break the Stone sometimes crumble the little Stones that stick in the Kidneys as Experience tells us But when they are expell'd out of the Kidneys and stick in the Ureters they are not to be crumbled by the force of any Medicaments whatever which Reason besides Experience teaches us since no Medicaments can reach thither with their Vertue entire for that the great quantity of Serum running thither and there setling hinders and abates the Strength of the Medicaments so that they are disabled in their Operation And therefore to force the Stones out of the Ureter lenifying and molifying Medicaments must be mixed with the Diuretics to smooth and mollifie the Ureters and to prepare a more easie Descent for the Stone Such is that Decoction which I and such is that Prescription of Io. Baptist Thodosius which he boast never fail'd him in driving out the Stone though he had made use of it several and several times â„ž Leaves of fresh gathered Althea one Handful and a half New Butter â„¥ iij. Honey lb j. Boil them together in Water q. s. to the Consumption of the third part Take of the Straining a warm Draught Morning and Evening Such is also that celebrated Secret of Forestus which most Physitians highly approve and which I have successfully made use of only now and then with some Alterations and Additions of which Forestus himself thus writes This my Secret I will no longer conceal for tâ—…e common Benefit of the Sick that it may not be laid to mine which was laid to the Charge of the wicked Servant who hid the Talent which God had given him in the Earth And therefore I will no longer to the Prejudice of Posterity keep this Secret by me which is this â„ž Seed of Mallows Althea an Ê’iij Red Vetches â„¥ iij. The four greater Seeds an Ê’ij Barly cleaned â„¥ ij Fat Figs n o ix Sebeston n o vij Licorice slic'd Ê’j Rain-water 〈◊〉 iiij Boil these to the Consumption of half and reserve the Straining for use which the Patient continually using always voided Stones OBSERVATION XXI The Worms A Little Boy the Son of Antonius about three years of age had the lower part of his Belly extreamly swell'd and stretch'd like a Drumb so that he seem'd to be Hydropic his Stomach was gone with a slight Fever accompanied with Frights in his Sleep and he would be always rubbing his Nose with his Fingers I guess'd them to be either Worms or crude Humors sticking in the first Region of the Belly that caused all those evil Symptoms Wherefore because the Child would take nothing but would be always drinking I ordered new Ale to be given him for his Drink with which I only mixt a little Oyl of Vitriol so much as suffic'd to give it a gentle Sowrness This Drink being continued for a fortnight or three Weeks the Swelling of his Belly fell but he voided no Worms ANNOTATIONS OYl of Vitriol given after that manner does not only remove all Putrefactions and Corruptions but kills and consumes the Worms in the Stomach and Guts and those that are infested with such like evils and we have seen it recover those that have been despaired of contrary to Expectation Thus my Sister Cornelia when she came to be seven years of Age and was miserably tormented with the Worms in her Belly and had taken several Remedies to no
is chiefly communicated to others by Contact and Attraction of putrid and most nasty Vapors of Sweat of Ordure c. and therefore they who attended the Sick or staid any while with them were sure to be infected with the Distemper but the Contagion was first spread all over Nimeghen more especially for this reason because the whole City by reason the Army was so vast was all full of Souldiers insomuch that all the Streets and Lanes were fill'd with Souldiers some in Health and some sick lying every where at the Sides of the Streets and hence the Filth and Excrements as well of the Sick as Healthy were thrown into the publick Passages in great Heaps nor was there any avoiding them because of the extraordinary Multitudes of People passing to and fro And thus it came to pass that the malignant and corrupt Vapors rising from those nasty Dunghills infected the whole City with Contagion and Disease The Cause of this Disease did not lye so much in the malignant Corruption of the Spirits as of the Humors and therefore it might be very properly call'd a Pestilence in the Humors but it differed from the Pestilence in this that in the Pestilence the vital Spirits in this Fever the Humors are corrupted after a malignant manner Moreover the Contagion of the Pestilence hangs in the Air and infects more at a distance but the Contagion of this Fever is communicated by the Immediate Contact and Attraction of malignant Vapors Lastly the Pestilence is a Disease more acute and dangerous and of which more die than escape but in this Disease more escape than dye This Fever at the beginning seiz'd some sharply but most People gently some without and others with a slight Cold and Shivering A little after the beginning in many followed a very great Heat accompanied with a vehement Thirst which Burning sometimes intermitting by slight Intervals continued for the most part till the seventh day or longer In many also this intense Heat was not perceived and in such Persons the Heart was more affected by the malignity of the Humors than the heat for in them the Vital Faculty was more endammag'd At the beginning of the Distemper there appeared a very great Debility and Dissipation of the natural Strength Deliriums in some in most Faintness in many Head-achs and want of Sleep in all Thirst with a great driness of the Tongue many also presently after the Disease were troubled with malignant Dysenteries and Diarrâ—…ea's very difficult to be cured The Pulse was also very thick but weak and unequal Upon the days of Crises's the Patients were generally worse nevertheless very few Crises's that were good Nature seemed to endeavor and attempt Crises's but in regard of the great quantity of malignant Humors and the wasted strength of the Patient she was not able to accomplish them Crises's by Sweat or bleeding at the Nose or coming down of the Courses sometimes alone vanquish'd the Distemper but very seldom for they were for the most part imperfect bâ—…t by loosness of the Belly they were dangerous and to many mortal In some little red Spots breaking out over all the Body upon the Skin chang'd the Disease sometimes for the worse and sometimes for the better Some that lay long sick had critical Abscesses in some sound part But Carbuncles never appeared I never saw any that had either Kernels in their Groins behind their Ears or under their Arm-pits or that Nature ever voided any thing through those Emunctories Some that had been cured of this Fever easily relapsed into as dangerous and mortal a Distemper especially if they exposed themselves abroad too soon or committed the least Error in Diet. In the Cure of this Distemper the primary and chief Relief was given by Blood-letting three or four times and in some six or seven times repeated I have seen French-men whom their Physicians have let Blood in four days space no less than twelve times and have taken great quantities of Blood from them for the Patients found great Ease after Blood-letting and because so known a Remedy at length that many without the Advice of a Physician would order themselves to be let Blood by which means some cured themselves of their Distemper More than that this seemed a greater Wonder that when Blood-letting decays the Strength so much yet in this Disease after great quantities of Blood taken away Nature gathered new Strength and was relieved from the burthen of malignant Humors and all the Patients even they that were in the weakest Condition were able to endure Blood-letting These Fevers submitted to no Remedies so easily as to Blood-letting The Blood which was drawn forth for the two or three first times was very Corrupt in all Men. Nor do I remember that among all those Multitudes of Sick People I ever saw one that had good Blood taken from him at the beginning but for the most part whitish often between livid and greenish wherein there was a little mixture of red Blood It was Muscilaginous like the Decoction of Calves-feet In most it was Coagulated In some also it would hardly Coagulate the Fibres being for the most part consumed by the Corruption and those were in most danger After the third or fourth Bleeding the Blood prov'd tolerable Being call'd therefore to Patients after loosening the Belly with a Glyster we order'd Blood-letting as soon as possibly we could and if the Patients strength would permit we repeated it the next day taking away every time from half a pint to a pint of Blood and the same we did again after three or four days intermission according to the strength of the Patient and the excess of the Fever Nevertheless in the mean time we Administer'd Purging Medicines and sometimes Glysters to keep the Body open and because there was a Malignity in the Disease we made frequent use of Diaphoretics and Antidotes Juleps and Cooling and Cordial Electuaries were very Beneficial mix'd with Diuretics more especially if they were opposite to the Malignity When the Patient could not sleep we anointed his Temples with some gentle Opiate and gave him sometimes Narcotics to swallow ANNOTATIONS MAlignant and Pestilent Fevers how they may be allowed without a true Pestilence we have shown at large in our Treatise of the Pest. But these Fevers are various as not proceeding always from the same Cause nor seizing the same manner nor admitting the same Cure Sometimes the Infection of the Air alone sometimes extraordinary Corruptions of the Air by bad Dyet or otherwise sometimes hurtful Exhalations of things Corrupt and Putrid sometimes dispositions of the Temperaments of the Air and Bodies either single of themselves or some or all of them conjoyned together create these Epidemic Fevers and therefore as the Causes are various so is there great varieties in the Cure And therefore it is that these malignant Fevers seldom appear twice altogether one like another Fracastorius describes a Pestilential Fever which differed very much from
very heartily to the Company about her pale Death came and interrupted her Discourse ANNOTATIONS THIS Rupture was so narrow that it was a wonder how the Intestine could fall through it it being almost impossible to put it back as it was of it self and empty through so narrow a Passage much less distended with Wind. Such a narrow Rupture I once saw before in one that was opened Wherefore they do very ill who endeavour to force back the Guts through such narrow passages like your strolling Hang-men of Mountebanks for that by such a force the Gut may be sooner broken then reduced both Reason and Experience teach us Bursten Guts therefore must be gently handled and first we must endeavour with Cataplasms Fomentations and other proper Topics to dispel the Wind and drive it back and then without any violence to attempt the reducing of the Gut which if they will not do there is no way but dilatation of the Peritonaeum OBSERVATION XL. Difficulty of Urine GErard Driessem a Merchant about fifty Years of Age was troubled with a difficulty of Urine so that his Urine did not only drizzle from him with great difficulty and Pain but also very often came not forth at all The cause was a certain viscous and tenacious Slime which at times falling down in great quantity to the Bladder did so besiege the Sphincter that it stopped both it's own and the passage of the Urine This Slime descending through the passage of the Yard and coming forth was tough and many times might be drawn out in ropes with the Fingers many times it stuck so obstinately to the passage that there was a necessity of loosening it and drawing it forth with a long Silver-Headed-Bodkin this Malady had been familiar to him for many Years and sometimes seized him three four and five times a Year and between the Intervals he voided a great quantity of slimy Flegm many noted Physitians had used several Remedies for the cure of this Malady but all in vain which Physitians vary'd in their opinions concerning the cause and generation of that same tough and slimy Flegm as also about the place from whence it descended so Periodically In the mean while the Patient could neither be cured by others nor by my self The Malady therefore increasing he found the greatest benefit and ease by the following Potion which he took very often and by means of which his Pains were mitigated and his Urine provoked and because it rendered the Urinary Passages Slippery he voided that thick and viscous Flegm more commodiously with more ease and less Pain and in greater quantity â„ž Oyl of sweet Almonds â„¥ j. s. the best Malmsey-wine â„¥ ij Iuice of Pome-Citron newly pressed â„¥ s. mix them for a Potion ANNOTATIONS SEnnertus among other Causes of a Dysury reckons up one not much different from that already rehearsed Many times saith he a white and as it were a milkie Matter is copiously voided with the Urine and causes a heat in making Water which is sometimes voided in so great a quantity that where it settles it fills up half the Chamber-pot and such a voiding of Water many times continues very long Concerning its Generation I have known several varieties of Opinions and that some have taken it for a mattery Substance bred in the Kidneys But if the whole Kidneys should be dissolved into Matter it could not amount to so great a quantity as is sometimes voided every day for several Weeks together My Opinion is that this matter proceeds from Crudity and vitious Concoction first of the Stomach then because the Error of the first Concoction cannot be mended in the second of the Liver where the Chylus and afterwards the Blood is left raw and uncleansed from the Salt and tartarous Parts which ought to be separated in the first Concoction which being afterwards attracted by the Kidneys and transmitted to the Bladder cause Pain in making water especially toward the end while something of the said Matter sticks pertinaciously to the Neck of the Bladder and the Extremity of the Urinary Passage For the Cure of this Malady there are many things very prevalent which temper and dulcifie the Acrimony and render the Urinary Passages slippery to afford a freer Passage for the thicker Matter as Oyl of sweet Almonds newly extracted which is very useful in this case Malmsie-wine the drinking of which alone as Sennertus writes cured a certain Person that was troubled with a terrible Dysury The Decoction of Cammomil-flowers in Cows Milk with which Forestus writes he knew an old Man cured Or that Decoction with which we cured a Child Ob. 7. Also the Decoction of Marsh-mallows Mallows Figs Licorice and the like Fernelius's Syrup of Althea more especially Turpentine mix'd with Sugar and swallowed in a Bolus which cuts the thick Humors attenuates cleanses expels softens and mollifies the Passages OBSERVATION XLI Spitting of Blood MOnsieur Ioannes a Priest of Craneburgh in the Year 1636. February the 16th sent me this Letter Doctor THE Fame of your Knowledg and Experience haâ—… over-rul'd me to desire your Advice in my Distemper For a long time a violent Cough has troubled me which will hardly permit me to rest moreover about a Month since this Cough was accompanied with a spitting of frothy Blood which ever since I have continually spit sometimes in a less sometimes greater quantity which Spitting is very troublesome to me I have lost my Stomach so that I can eat nothing unless it be some small Trifle mix'd with Vinegar or some other Acid. If you have any proper Remedy I beg you to impart it to us Your most Devoted Ioannes Sacerdos The same day I sent him this Answer Reverend Sir I Received your Letter to which according to the shortness of the time I send you this short Answer you have been long troubled with a sharp and salt Defluction upon your Lungs from whence your vehement and continued Cough has derived it self At length some Vein of the Lungs being opened by the great quantity of distilling Humors or broken by the force of the Cough pours out that Blood which you spit out frothy from your Lungs This Malady cannot be cured unless the descent of the Catarhs be prevented and the Cough allay'd to which purpose I have here sent you some Remedies First seven Pills to take to morrow Morning which will gently purge you Secondly A Conditement of which you are to take after you have purged the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning Noon and Night for several days together Thirdly A Looch to lick when your Cough afflicts you Fourthly Lozenges to let melt in your Mouth as often as you please as well in the Day as Night-time To these four I have added a little Bag what is in it you must put in a new earthen Pipkin and heat it over the Fire without any Moisture then put it into the Bag again and lay it to your Head as hot as you can endure it letting it lye
insomuch that the Patient was cured as it were in a Moment after the drawing out the Awl and was living seven years after to our knowledg And therefore it is very probable that it was put into the Body of the Boy by diabolical Incartation like to that same Story which Longius tells of a Country Man who had an Iron Nail which appeared under his Skin without any Prejudice which was cut out by the Chyrurgeon and when he was dead four Knives two iron Files Hair and other things were found And several other remarkable Stories of the same nature are related by others as Forestus Codronchius Gemma Zacutus c. 'T is true it has been a Controversie for several Ages among Divines Lawyers Physicians and Philosopers whether there be any Inchanters or Witches and whether they have so much Power by their Charms to hurt the Creatures to cause Sickness and Death clear up Rain and cause Thunder c. For a brief Solution of this Question in short we must conclude that there are Inchanters who by the Permission of God can do very strange things seeing that the Scripture testifies that Pharaoh's Magicians in Moses's time were such a sort of Inchanters who turned Rods into Serpents Rivers into Blood c. Thus St. Luke makes mention of Simon Magus who made the People mad with his Magic Arts. Whence we must of necessity conclude that there are Witches and Sorcerers who by their Demoniac Arts cannot only work various Miracles but also blast Herbs and Fruits and do mischief to Beasts and Men which Mischiefs however they cannot do when they please nor to all that they please but only when and in what manner God pleases and to such whose Faith God has a Will to try as he permitted the Devil to exercise his Sorceries upon Iob. Or to such whose Incredulity or Impiety he has a mind to punish not only in the proper Person of the Transgressor but also by giving the Witches Power over their innocent Children their Flocks Herds Fruit c. And thus by the Incantation of Witches many times Infanrs Oxen Sheep Horses Fruit c. are mischiefed as we saw at a certain Country-mans at Montfort Yet though there are such Inchanters and Witches their Power of doing Harm is not at their own but at the disposal of God Nor can Satan inflict Diseases but by the Permission of God and then his Witches are but his Instruments not the primary Cause OBSERVATION XLVIII Of the Gout in the Knee A Little Son of Thomas Peters an English Merchant about six years of age being troubled with the Gout in his Knee for three or four Weeks at length his Pain was so great that he could not go There was no Tumor no Inflammation nor Dislocation and therefore after I had purged his Body I only laid on a Cere-cloth of Oxicroceum which lay on for three days without any benefit Afterwards his Knee swell'd very much and the Pain likewise encreased wherefore leaving off the Cere-cloth the following Cataplasme was laid on for four or five days together shifting it twice a day The Use of which cleared the Child both of his Swelling and Pain nor did they afterwards return â„ž New Goats-dung lb. j. Boil it in strong French Wine q. s. to the consistence of a Cataplasm and when you take it off from the Fire add Spirt of Wine â„¥ iij. Mix them for a soft Cataplasm ANNOTATIONS THis Cataplasm has a very great discussing and corroborating Faculty which is look'd upon by some as a great Secret in these sorts of Tumors of the Joynts the signal effects whereof we have try'd in many other cases of the same nature This Dung boiled in Oximel Aetius highly commends as a Medicament which he has often succesfully used in long continued Tumors of the Knee OBSERVATION XLIX A Swelling in the Fore-head by reason of a Fall A Young Son of Dimmer de Raet Consellor to the Court of Boxmer had fallen down a Pair of Stairs upon his Fore-head whence ensued a Swelling in his Fore-head to the bigness of a Hens Egg. To this I only applied green Grass fresh gathered and bruised in a Mortar cold as it was which done the Swelling vanished the next day to that degree that there was not the least sign of it remaining ANNOTATIONS THese Swellings though some make nothing of them yet if they be neglected at the beginning they are many times the causes of great Mischiefs which we saw happen'd to the Child of Monsieur Armstrong who having such a Tumor in his Fore-head when it could not be dissipated by no Topics the Place affected continued swell'd for some Weeks after till at length the Humor therein beginning to putrifie and from thence bad Simptoms appearing there was a Necessity not only of a Tormenting Incision to open the Tumor and let out the putrid Humor but also of scraping off the putrid Humor corrupted with the same Putrefaction from the Bone that lay underneath by which means that imminent danger was to be removed from the Patient to which also the Wound was consolidated without any conspicuous Scar. Wherefore it is far better to dissipate the Humors at the beginning at what time it may be easily done and which we luckily did with Grass only bruis'd Many times we have likewise applied brown Paper moistned in Spirit of Wine with as good success or Oyl of Wax or Anise anointed upon the Place OBSERVATION L. The Chollic Passion MOnsieur Starkenburgh Collonel of the Regiment of Groening about forty years of age of a cold and flegmatic Constitution in September was taken with a violent Cholic Passion His Belly was very much swell'd with Wind which he could neither void upward nor downward and terrible Gripings seemed to dilacerate the Guts He complained also of an extraordinary Anxiety of his Heart with which he was so much oppressed that he was all over of a cold Sweat but because he seemed to be almost ready to burst with Wind and had need of present Relief I prescribed the following Glister which was given him about eleven a Clock at night â„ž Emollient Decoction lbj. Elect. Diaphoenicon Hiera Picra â„¥ j. s. Oyl of Dill and Camomil an â„¥ j. Common Salt Ê’j Mix them for a Glister This Glister he voided within a quarter of an hour without any Ease neither Wind nor Excrement following for which reason soon after we gave him another of the same which did him as little good At the same time the Patient growing Stomach-sick threw up some Choler with tough Flegm Therefore about six a Clock in the Morning I prescribed him another Glister after this manner â„ž Emollient Herbs lesser Centaury Wormwood Rue Flowers of Cammomil Dill an m. s. Seeds of Anise and Lovage an Ê’ij Cummin Laurel-Berries an Ê’j s. Boil them in common Water q. s. to lbj. In the Straining gently boil Flowers of Senna â„¥ j. Then press them and add Elect. Hiera Picra Diacatholicon an
â„¥ j. s. Oyl of Cammomil and Dill an â„¥ j. Common Salt Ê’ij For a Glyster After he had taken this there came away with it much Excrement and much Wind. Afterwards being sick at his Stomach he threw up a great quantity of Choler and tough Flegm which gave him much Ease Twice the same day he took Chicken Broth boil'd with Barley cleansed Citron and Orange Peels and for his Drink sometimes he drank Ptisan sometimes small Ale In the Evening this Bolus was given him which caused him to sleep a little the Night following and gave him very great Ease and the next day he had three Stools â„ž Of our Anticholic Electuary Ê’j Transparent Aloes ℈ j. Mix them for a Bolus This Bolus afterwards he took thrice a day every other day The seventh of October not having gone to stool in three days upon forbearing his Bolus his Cholic Pains increased again But then because the Gentleman would not admit of any more Glisters I gave him a gentle purging Draught which caused him to void much Choler and Flegm upward and downward The twelfth of October his Belly being bound he took a Glister The thirteenth Dr. Harscamp an eminent Physitian was called to Counsel and then by common Consent to stop his Vomiting we gave him at two times one Spoonful of Cinnamon-water with two Drops of Oyl of Cinnamon and ordered the following Ligament to be applied to the Region of his Stomach â„ž Oyl of Nut-megs squeez'd of Laurel an Ê’j Of Dill of distilled Fennel an ℈ j. Of Anise Drops iij. Mix them for a Ligament In the Evening he took the forementioned Bolus The sixteenth of October he took another Glister which gave him three Stools with great ease The twentieth to loosen his Belly we prescribed him Pills made of transparent Aloes only of which he swallowed two or three every other day or every other three days which Pills wrought so well that afterwards we had no need of any other Purges The twenty eighth I gave him â„¥ j. s. of our Anticholic Electuary wherein I had mingled Ê’j s. of transparent Aloes of which he took Morning and Evening Ê’s or ℈ ij to his great Advantage For it strengthned his Stomach dispell'd the Wind and cleansed away the Flegm and Choler This Electuary he afterwards used as a preservative taking his Aloes-Pills in the intervening days And by this means he recovered his former Health ANNOTATIONS THE Cause of this Cholic Passion was a great quantity of salt Flegm sticking to the Guts and an over-abounding quantity of sharp excrementitious Choler for the Choler being voided out of its Bladder into the Guts and being there mixed with that Flegm and causing that salt and tough Flegm to boil like quick Lime thrown upon Water or Oyl of Vitriol powred upon powdered Crabs Eyes begat an extraordinary Flatulency violent Pains and extream Anxieties That this was the true Cause appeared by his vomiting which brought up yellow and greenish Choler with tough and frothy Flegm as I have often observed in my Practice Wherefore in this case there is need of a hotter Medicament in regard of the cold Flegm and the Wind at the same time to cleanse away the Choler and asswage the Gripes To which three Purposes the foresaid Electuary mixed with Aloes was of great use other general and necessary Medicaments being given as occasion served To asswage the Pains of the Cholic many notable Remedies are prescribed by various Authors which are to be varied according to the variety of the Causes In a cold Cause I make use of my own Anticholic Electuary with good success the Composition of which is this â„ž Specier Diagalangae Rosatum Aromaticum an Ê’iij s. Diambra Ê’iij Mass of Storax Pills Ê’iij s. Treacle of Andromachus â„¥ iij. s. Mithridate of Damoc. â„¥ iiij Ê’v Oyl of Anise Ê’ij ℈ ij of Cloves Ê’j of Nutmegs distill'd Ê’j s. Syrup of Stocchas q. s. For an Electuary This Electuary sometimes I use alone sometimes with every ounce I mix Ê’j or ij of Aloes and so given have found it much more prevalent against the Chollic Holler boils in odoriferous Wine one small Handful of common Wormwood with Ê’ij of Cummin-seed He also commends Orange-peels boil'd in Wine and the Decoction drank fasting in a Morning We have also given the same Peel powder'd and mix'd with Wine and found it no less beneficial Wormwood-wine is commended by Aetius because it corroborates the Belly purges away the Choler and prevents the Growth of it and discusses and expels the Wind. Others boil Ê’j of Cummin-seed in VVormwood-wine and give the Straining Rases approves Confection of Laurel Berries Avicen prescribes an effectual Medicament of equal Parts of Castor Pepper and Aniseseed Against the same Distemper are no less prevalent the Powder of Zedoary Root from ℈ j. to Ê’j Also the distilled Oyls of Anise Fennel Caroes Dill and Zedoary given in hot Wine The Decoction of Flowers of Cammomil with a little Cummin-seed added given in Ale or small White-wine â„¥ iiij or v. at a time is a most present Remedy to asswage the Pains and expel the Wind. Others applaud this Carminative Water of Schroderus â„ž Flowers of Roman Cammomil m. xxx â—…ut bruise and infuse them twenty four hours in Cammomil-water lb x. others say xv stout Wine lb vj. squeeze these very strongly and in the straining infuse for twenty four hours more Flowers of common Cammomil m. xxiiij Press them and strain them In the Straining steep Flowers of Cammomil m. xij The yellow of Orange Peels â„¥ j. s. Pontic Wormwood m. ij Lesser Centaury Penyroyal Basil an m. ij s. Seed of Dill â„¥ iij. Of Anise and Fennel an â„¥ j. s. of Caroways Cummin Carduus Benedictus Maries Carduus an â„¥ j. s. Iuniper berries â„¥ j. Laurel-berries â„¥ s. Let them stand twenty four hours then distil them with a Gentle Fire in Balnâ—…o Mariae Rodoric Fonseca recommends as a singular Remedy and a very great secret arising from the Propriety of the whole Substance the Testicles of Horses which he says he has several times try'd in the Cure of cholical Distempers These Testicles he washes in generous Wine and cuts into thin slices and then dries them in an Oven with a gentle Heat and keeps them for his Use upon occasion after general Remedies he gives of these powdered Ê’j in Wine three hours before any other Meat Zacutus prefers the Pizzle of a Bull as having a Wonderful specific Vertue one Scruple of the Powder being taken in Malmsey Wine affirming that he had cured several who were most cruelly tormented with that Grief with that only Medicament He also commends for almost as effectual the sole drinking of Urine In vehement Cholic Pains Riverius prescribes these Pills which he has often given with great Success â„ž The best Aloes Ê’j Laudanum Opiate gr iiij Diagridion gr vj. Make six Pills Let the Patient take these at a convenient time and within an hour
Quality which Air being received by the Eyes of others affects them by Contagion Of the same Opinion is Mercurialis that an Ophthalmy is therefore Contagious because the Spirits of the Eye affected are contaminated which when they come to touch those Eyes that are sound infect them likewise But none of these seem to have hit the Mark. First Who can believe that such a quantity of Malignant Spirits should Exhale from the Eye which is covered with a hard horny Membrane as to infect the Eyes of those that look at a distance Such a Transpiration would dry up the Eye in a few hours Secondly Grant such an Exhaling should infect the ambient Air and so infect the Eyes of others why are not the Eyes of all Visitants and Relations infected but only of such as fix their Eyes upon the Party Thirdly Why are not they infected also that more curiously and long behold and view Blear'd-Eyes in reference to their Cure as well as they that view Short Eyes but for a time and only by accident For these reasons I do not believe Blear-Eyedness can be communicated by Contagion but that it may be contracted sometimes through the Conturbation of the Humors and Spirits of the sound Eye Which Conturbation is not occasioned by corrupt Humors or Spirits carryed from the Blear-Eye to the sound Eye but because the sound Eye beholds the Blear-Eyes with a kind of terror and abomination which terror vehemently disturbs the Spirits and Humors of certain weak Eyes so that being rapidly mov'd and stirred up by that Conturbation they flow to the Eye and their growing over hot enflame the Eyes Which Rabbi Moyses seems to intimate where he says he that first sees a Blear-Eyed Person presently has his Eye disturbed so that if he still look more intently the Eye is not only disturbed but contracts an Opthalmy Now I have said that weaker Eyes are disturbed according to that of Sennertus You may know those Eyes to be weak that are bleared themselves by looking upon another But stronger Eyes and such as are not terrify'd at the Sight as they are not disturbed so they contract no Ophthalmy So that it is the strength or weakness of the Eye the more or less aversion which is the Cause that some Eyes are endamaged by looking others not Nor is this a new or to be admired at Opinion when we find that Contuâ—…bations and Frights upon the sight of frightful Objects are many times the occasions of very terrible Diseases as we find by Experience in Women great with Child whose tender Issue frequently bear the Marks of the Mothers Frights and aversions of Sight Others upon the sight of any frightful Object having the Spirits of their Brain vehemently disturbed have become Paralitic or raving Mad or upon a Perturbation of the Spirits of the Heart have fallen into Palpitations Syncopes Fevers or violent Distempers What wonder then that the Spirits of a sound Eye should be in a Perturbation upon the frightful Sight of a Blear-Eye and by that vehement Motion be heated to that degree as to cause an Ophthalmy If any one object that Ophthalmies have been Epidemical we say that Propagation does not proceed from any Contagion issuing out of the affected Eye but from that common Depravity of the Air or Dyet Nor does it signifie any thing what Aristotle affirms That Menstrous Women will infect a Looking-glass by looking upon it because it is not credible that such an Infection happens through any Contagion issuing from the Eyes but from certain corrupt Vapors which they send forth upon the Glass together with their Breath Nor is it of any moment what Philosophers say that a Basilisk will kill a Man by looking upon him for which there may be other reasons given the first For that many venemous Vapors exhale not only from the Eyes but from the whole body of the Serpent which infect the ambient Air. Secondly Because he that sees that horrid Creature may be terrified and disturbed in his Spirits to that degree that the venemous Spirits may be easily drawn by that terror from the Body close by and carried to the Heart to its extream prejudice So that it is not the Sight but the Terror and Conturbation caus'd by that horrid Sight and joyned to the venemous habit which causes Death I say joyned to the venenmous habit For no Man shall perswade me that a Basilisk seen at a distance can ever kill a Man with his Eye though the same Man should look upon him all day long To say that a Basilisk will dye if he sees himself in a Looking-glass is a meer Dream unless we may allow the Creature it self to be so terrified and disturbed at the sight of it 's own horrid shape that he dyes upon his Spirits being too much disturbed and over tumultuously crowding about the Heart Or else that he is so extravagantly overjoy'd at the sight of his own Image that the very dissipation of his Spirits kills him OBSERVATION LVII Spitting of Blood JOhn Hugo Trumpeter to Monsieur de Persil having over-strain'd and consequently over-heated himself with sounding his Trumpet soon after felt a kind of a dull Pain in his Breast and with a little Cough began to Spit out frothy Blood but not much and became so weak that he could hardly draw his Breath neither could he stand or speak but was forced to lye in his Bed upon his Breast he was so averse to Physic that he resolved to take the Advice of no Physitian But after he had lain about six or seven Weeks in that condition and found himself nothing better at length upon the tenth of March he sent for me I found him Sick without a Fever but very weak which weakness proceeded from some want of Breath for he could not dilate nor contract his Breast at his Pleasure the reason of which Malady was for that by his straining in blowing his Trumpet he had over-stretched the Muscles of his Breast and thereby so weakned them that they could never afterwards be contracted but the spitting of Blood which was very much proceeded from some little Vein that was broken in his Lungs First therefore I prescribed him a proper Diet next I Purged him gently thirdly I took out of the Median Vein of his right Arm half a pint of Blood and lastly I applied the following Cere-cloth to lay over all his Breast â„ž Castor Saffron Oriental an ℈ ij Mastic Olibanum Storax an Ê’j Benzoin Ê’ j. s. Gum Taccamahacca Galbanum dissolv'd in Vinegar Emplaister of Melilot Oxocrotium an â„¥ j. Make a Cere-Cloth to be spred upon red Leather big enough to cover the whole Breast from the Sword-form gristle to the Asperia Arteria as also to come about the sides under the Arms on both sides let it be anointed with Oyl of Nuttmegs Moreover I ordered a Girdle to be made of the Skin of an Elke about a Hands breadth with a broad Button the Cere-Cloth was first laid
engenders the Stone and causes the Gout is the Sal Tartar which is more sharp and four times more abounding in Rhenish-wine than in French or Canary or any other Wine which tartareous Salt not being well digested in some Bodies is separated from the Mass of Blood and with the Serum carried to the Kidneys and so hardens into Stones and being expell'd into the Joynts causes most dreadful Torments For the Nature of Salts is by corroding other Bodies to reduce them into Atoms and associate to themselves This Corrosion is the Cause of the Gout for while the tartarous Salt corrodes the nervous and membranous Parts and endeavours to associate them to its self those cruel Pains are excited which are mitigated by an Afflux of watry Humors for Salt dissolv'd with much moisture looses its Acrimony But you 'l say why does not this Salt cause as great Pains in the Kidneys as in the Joynts because the most subtle and acrimonious part of it is dissolved by the continual Passage of the Urine and carried away with the Urine through the Bladder but the thick gravelly and earthly Substance remains which does not offend so much by its Acrimony as by its Bulk and roughness Now the reason why the German Wines abound with Tartar is because the very Soil of Germany it self where the Vines grow aboundeth with Tartar nor is there any Plant which sucks up the salt and tartarous Parts of the Earth more than the Vine And therefore it is that in many Places of Moravia Austria Bohemia and Hungaria where the Soil is such that most Men are troubled with the Gout or Stone in the Kidneys and Bladder or both Lastly that Wine engenders the Gout is apparent from hence for that the Forbearance of VVine cures it Of which the Physicians bring many Examples and M. Donatus himself confesses that he was cured of the Gout by leaving off VVine for two years OBSERVATION LXX An Extream Pain under the Sternon-Bone LIeutenant More in the Flower of his Age in Ianuary felt a most terrible Pain which extended it self in a right Line from the top of the Aspera Arteria to the upper Orifice of the Stomach all along the Sternon-bone and so cruelly tormented the Person that he could not move himself one way nor other He neither had any Cough or difficulty of Breathing his Lungs and Aspera Arteria were perfectly free nor did his Gullet pain him in swallowing neither lastly was there any thing to be seen outwardly The Pain lay under the Sternon where it is fastned to the Mediastrinum or in the Membrane annexed to it withinside which was thus occasioned The Patient the Evening before had been hard drinking a strong sort of French Wine at a great Supper and with that and a very great Fire all the time in the Room had over-heated himself to a great degree After which going home at Midnight in a Sweat of a suddain by the way he was taken with a violent Cold for it freezed very hard hence the Pores being presently shut the hot and sharp Vapors being condensed and congealed stuck to the inner Membrane of the Sternon-bone which almost numb'd that part with the sharpness of the pain that was still encreasing by the motion of the Breast For the Cure of this Malady I loosened his Body with a Glister and then prescribed him this Sudorific to take warm ℞ Treacle ℈ iiij Extract of Carduus Ben. and Angelica an ℈ j. English Saffron gr vj. Of Treacle-water ℥ ij Oyl of Anise gr iiij Mix them for a Potion Upon this he sweat very well but the pain continued as before After he had sweat I applied the following Cere-cloth to the place affected ℞ Powder of Castor Cloves Benjamin Saffron an ℈ j. Galbanum dissolved in Wine ℥ s. Melilot Oxicroceum ʒiij Mix them and make a Cere-cloth to be spread upon Leather as long as the Part affected four Fingers broad and anoint the same with Oyl of Nutmegs distilled After this Cere-cloth had stuck six or seven hours to the Part the pain began to abate very much so that the Patient could move himself with more ease The next day he took a Purge and had five Stools which done after the Cere-cloth had stuck on three days the pain went quite off and the Gentleman went abroad well in Health But afterwards in February having over-heated himself with drinking of Spanish Wine the same Cere-cloth cured him again in three days OBSERVATION LXXI The Head-ach PEter Ioannis an Ale-brewers Servant a strong Fellow in Ianuary when it freezed very hard was taken with a terrible pain in his Head otherwise ailing nothing by reason of which pain he could take no Rest night nor day for several Days and Nights together which not only caused the loss of his Stomach but also a Delirium nevertheless the Patient was so obstinate that he would take no Physic only by much perswasion he would admit of Topics Thereupon for present ease I prescribed the following Fomentation with which being warm I ordered his Head to be fomented and Napkins four times doubled and dipt in the Fomentation to be laid all over his Head and to be shifted as they grow cold and this is to be continued all the Night long ℞ Rosemary Vervain Betony Thyme an m. j. Marjoram m. j. s. Sage m s. Flowers of Cammomil and Melilot an m. j. of Dill and Stoechas an m. s. Seeds of Cummin and Dill Lawrel Berries an ℥ s. White-wine q. s. Boil them to lb iij. To the Straining add Spirit of Wine ℥ iiij For a Fomentation The next day the pain was much abated but in regard the Patient refused all manner of Physic the Fomentation was continued for two days by which time his Sleep returned and the pain went almost all off only some remainder of pain in his Fore-head a little above his Nose with some Obstruction of his Nostrils which proceeding from a tough Flegm closely adhering to the Ethmoids-bone I prescribed him a sneezing Medicine of the Juice of the Root of Betony which when he had drawn up into his Nostrils first opened with a Quill he voided from his Palate and Nostrils a great quantity of tough Flegm and so was quite freed from his intollerable pain ANNOTATIONS I Confess this Course of curing without any Evacuation or Diversion preceding was not so safe for that the flegmatic Humors collected in the Brain and attenuated by the hot Fomentation might have easily fallen upon some noble Bowel not without great danger but in regard the great abundance of Humors threatned either an Apoplexy or a Delirium or a Lethargy and the Intensness of the Pain a Fever and for that the Patient refused to take any Physic not so much as a Glister nor would suffer Blood-letting I was forced for the prevention of greater Mischiefs to proceed as I did to Topics remembring the Saying of Celsus 'T is no matter whether the Remedy be safe when there is no
VVine â„¥ iiij or v. Steep them all Night and the next day strain them through brown Paper This draught she took the sixth of May in the Morning about nine she began to Vomit without much trouble at first but at length she brought up a whole Chamber-pot full of Yellow green Choler mixt with a tough and Flegmatic Slime and her Vomiting ceasing she had also two or three Stools but still the Ague continued in the same condition but then I prescribed her a Magisterial Wormwood-Wine in this manner â„ž Carduus Benedict Lesser Centaury VVormwood an two small handfuls Lucid Aloes Ê’j Cut the Herbs small and hang the mixture in a long bag in a Glass Vessel filled with 〈◊〉 viij of small white French or Rhenish Wine Of this Wine she drank four Ounces Morning and Evening for the first two days but afterwards because it gave her three or four Stools a day no more then only once a day that is to say in the Morning the fourth day through the use of this Wine the Ague became simple much milder and shorter and from that time abating by degrees upon the eighth day left her quite however for more certainty I ordered her to continue the Wine for four days longer which gave her two Stools a day and thus both her Appetite and her sleep returned and she recovered her lost strength in a few days ANNOTATIONS AT this time intermitting Bastard Agues were very rise about Nimeghen and the neighbouring Parts obstinate and of long continuance in some simple in others double Physic seldom cur'd them ordinary helps nothing avail'd not would Blood-letting do any good Some felt a slight Pain in the right Hypochondrium some Vomited great store of Choler of their own accord some were troubled with Head-aches others with anxiety of Heart all were very thirsty during the Fit very Cold and Shivering at the beginning but intensely Hot at the end That the Cause of this Ague proceeded from the Excrementitious Choler putrifying in the Follicle of the Gall and neighbouring Parts the very Signs and the Fever it self sufficiently declar'd Somtimes the Cause of the Disease being Evacuated by Vomits the Disease ceas'd sometimes neither Vomits nor Purges would avail for that though they purged away a great quantity of Choler yet they left some remainders of the corrupt Choler behind to which new Humors flowing were Infected with the same Corruption Blood-letting nothing profited because the Seat of the Distemper lay neither in the Veins or Blood Refrigerating Medicaments could not subdue the Choler because they could hardly reach thither in regard the Follicle attracts that one which is most bitter and hottest in the Blood Upon these Considerations I thought that the Cure of this Disease required some cleansing opening bitter and moderately hot and that in a thin and liquid substance that by reason of its liquidness it might be able to penetrate the Mesaraic Veins more easily and by reason of its heat and bitterness be more eagerly drawn by the Follicle and be more effectual to concoct Crudities remove Obstructions resist Corruption cleanse the part affected and expel Noxious and Superfluous Humers To answer all which expectations I thought nothing better then the foregoing Wormwood-Wine with which I have Cured several without any other Remedies Nor let any one wonder that I give Wine in Fevers contrary to the Opinions of all the Ancients for that the Ancients meant simple and not Medicated Wines seeing that both Galen and several others both Ancient and Neoteric Physitians recommends Wormwood-Wine in Agues Some question whether Medicaments prepared with Wormwood are proper in exquisite and Bastard Tertians Trallian allows them in Bastard not in Tertian Agues and with him Avicen Oribatus and Amatus of Portugal agree But says Galen If the signs of Concoctions appear then thou mayst safely Administer Wormwood-Wine which is otherwise a Soveraign Preservative of the Stomach when molested by Choler To decide the Question therefore I say that Wormwood is not less proper in Exquisite then in Bastard Agues especially after Concoction in regard it potently cleanses Choler and Purges as well by stâ—…ol as Urine for which reason it must of 〈◊〉 abate an Ague by removing the Evil Matâ—…er that Feeds the Distemper and that therefore the heat and draught of it ought not to be scat'd especially if it be given with other refrigerating things in regard that the Choler being remov'd the heat will cease OBSERVATION LXXX The Cholic Passion PEter Galman a German Merchant in March the weather being cold and rainy had the hap to Travel along with me at what time not being able to heat our selves by riding the excessive cold brought upon him a most vehement Cholic passion so that he could no longer sit his Horse alighting therefore at the first good Inn we came to we warm'd our selves by a good Fire and apply'd warm Cloths to his Belly to mitigate the pain but the pain increasing more and more for want of other Medicaments that were not there to be had I took of common Sope and White-wine of each â„¥ j. and after I had warmed them very hot over the Fire I added â„¥ j. of Spirit of Wine In this mixture I dipped a Linnen-cloth doubl'd fourfold about a hands breadth and apply'd it hot to his Navel and by that only Topic freed him from his Pain within a quarter of an hour ANNOTATIONS BEsides several Remedies against a Flatulent Cholic to be given inwardly there are various Topics which being outwardly applied are of singular Vertue as we found by this quick and successful Experiment In this case there is an Oyl of Sope the Extraction of which Sennertus teaches us in his Institutions that it is very prevalent nor is Oyl of Galbanum less effectual Galbanum also it self dissolv'd in Wine or Aqua Vitae then mixt with Castoreum and applyed like an Emplaster to the Navel as also Caranna and Tacamahacca dissolved with Spirit of Turpentine are of singular Efficacy Holler prepares this Liniment of Civet Which he says he has often tryed â„ž Oyl of Rue Nard an Ê’vi Galbanum dissolved in Aqua Vitae Ê’iij Melt them together then add Civet gr iiij Saffron gr vj. Horstius anoynts the Navel with Treacle mix'd with a little Civet And it is not amiss to apply warm to the Belly equal parts of Common Salt and Sand tyed up in a Linnen Bag. The Ophite or Serpents stone heated and applyed is also in great esteem among the Vulgar Little Bags also of Flowers of Dill Cammomil Melilote Cummin Anise Fennel seed and the like sprinkl'd with warm Wine or gently boyl'd in Wine and applyed hot to the Belly One thing more I may add concerning Sope which a Mountâ—…bank in France was said to have Cured several Persons of the Wind Choâ—…ic his Secret was this â„ž Malmsey Wine lb j. Spanish Sope â„¥ s. or Ê’vj and sometimes also an â„¥ Salt Ê’ij Dissolve these altogether for a Glyster OBSERVATION LXXXI An
Boyl these in Common-water q. s. adding at the end Leaves of Senna cleansed â„¥ j. s. white Agaric Ê’ij Fennel-seed and Dill-seed an Ê’j s. Make an Apozem of 〈◊〉 ij The following Emplaster was likewise applied to the part affected â„ž Sulphur finely Powdered Ê’v Castoreum Ê’j Tar. Ê’vj Oxycroceum Plaister â„¥ s. Balsome of Sulphur Ê’ij For a Plaister to be spread upon red Leather After he had taken all his Apozem and that his pains remain'd in the same condition I prescribed him another purging Decoction of which he drank twice a day â„ž Sassafrass wood Ê’vj Roots of Eringos Cammoch Lovage an Ê’j Masterwort Fennel stone Parsley an Ê’ s. Vervaine Rosemary Betony Majoram Germander Ground Ivy an Mj. Savine Flowers of Stoechados an M. s. Anise-seed Iuniper-berries Ê’iij Boyl them in Common-water q. s. to 〈◊〉 ij Then add Syrup of Stoechas â„¥ iij. For an Apozem Two days after the former Plaister was laid on again and when he had drank up his Apozem I gave him the following Vomit which brought up a great quantity of Viscous Flegm with Choler â„ž Leaves of green Assarabacca Ê’iij Bruise them and press out the juice with â„¥ ij of the Decoction of Raddish to which add Oxymel Scyllit with Agaric â„¥ j. Mix them for a Potion When all these things did no good I applied this other Plaister â„ž White Mustard-seed and of Nasturtium an Ê’j Castorium ℈ ij Euphorbium ℈ j. s. Spanish-Soâ—…e Ê’x Pine-Rosin and Turpentine an Ê’iij Mix them well to spread upon Leather After this had stuck on two days it had raised innumerable little Blisters in the Skin out of which a green Humour flowed from the inner parts in great quantity so that in four days he felt great ease The Plaister being removed I laid on Colewort-leaves but observing the Plaister not to be very violent but that it only gently drew out the internal Humors and kept the Blisters open without Corrosion I laid it on again and so in twelve days the pain went quite off and the joynt was so corroborated that the Patient went about without any trouble but for fear of a relapse I gave him the purging Apozem again and the Plaister of Sulphur was laid on for a Fortnight longer which absolutely compleated the Cure ANNOTATIONS THough the Sciatica be a kind of a Gout yet because of the Place the Cure differs in some Remedies Sometimes it is very hard to be cured because that joynt is not so profound that Topics cannot reach it by reason of the thickness of the Muscles that lye over it and for that inward Medicines require a great deal of time to abate and remove the Cause This Disease proceeds from too much fullness of Blood sometimes from a defluxion of cold and and sharp Humors In repletion Blood-letting is requisite which in a very great repletion is to be done in the Arm then in the Thigh affected The Vein is to be opened in the Ham or else the Sciatica Vein I have cured said Galen the Sciatica by opening a Vein in the Thigh Some there are that apply Leeches to the Fundament instead oâ—… Blood-letting Which way Paulus and Aurelian commend if you lay on eight or ten Leeches at a time and Zacutus affirms he has cured the Sciatica with Leeches when other Remedies sailed within the space of ten hours Some prefer Cupping-glasses before Leeches But if the Malady proceed from sharp tartarous and cold Humors Blood-letting does no good unless there be a Plethory but first there must be strong Purging with Elect. Caryocostin and Hermodactyl Pills or Vomits of Ammonia or Asarabacca and then Topics such as asswage Pains sufficiently known to every skilful Physitian Some extract and dissipate the Morbific matter insensibly to which purpose Donatus ab Altomary takes a great quantity of the Stones of sweet Grapes and presses out the Liquor strongly This he heats with its Must then pours it out upon the Pavement and with his Hands strongly compresses into a heap then making a kind of a furrow in the Grape-stones burys the Patient in them up to the Mid-belly and there lets the Patient lye to sweat for half an hour or an hour twice a day Duretus commends Grape-stones in all sorts of Gouts If in Vintage time the Grapes are carried into a Barn and covered with Coverlets till they grow warm and then for the Patient to thrust his Feet Arms legs â—…r else to lay his whole Body in the heap Then which says he There is not a better Remedy under Heaven Solenandâ—…r also among the best and safest Remedies that corroborate the Parts affected and cherish the natural heat commends the laying the Hands and Feet or other Parts affected in a heap of Grape-stones hot from the Press or heated with new Wine and this continued for fifteen days To which he adds that he knew a Noble Person that could not go who was recovered by the use of this Medicine I knew my self a Country man cured by such a Fomentation for some days together in Horse-dung Matthiolus affirms experimentally that several Sciaticas have been cured with the slimy water of Snails when all other Remedies failed which Paraeus and Laurentius approve Old stinking Cheese kneaded into the form of a Cataplasm with the Decoction of a Westphalia-Ham asswages the Pain draws forth the cause of the Malady and dissolves the rigid hardness of the Part. Sylvius commends a Cataplasm of Dwarf-Elder Barley-meal and Honey Forestus also tells of two Sciaticas cured with laying upon the Part only Nettles boyled in Ale We look upon Balsom of Sulphur among the most effectual Remedies as having more then once observed the happy effects of it Galen commends an Emplaister of Pitch two Parts and one of Sulphur mixt and laid upon the Part affected till it fall off of it self Which Forestus so highly extols as the most effectual Remedy that can be invented only he believes it would be better to equal the proportions of the Pitch and Sulphur If these things or the like avail not then such things must be made use of that insensibly draw forth the matter and that either by diversion or from the Part affected By diversion â—…auteries applied to the Arms and Thighs are of great use So Paschal tells us of a Physitian cured of a pain in his Hipps by a Caustic applied under his Knee of Quick-Lime and Alum Hippocrateâ—… orders an Incision of the Veins behind the Ears Zacutus of Portugal in â—… defluxion from the Head saw a Person cured by a Caustic applied behind the Ears from whence after the falling off of the Crust for ten days together there flowed a thin and watery moisture and so the Distemper ceased From the Part affected Visicatories and Rubificants draw forth the peccant Matter Thus Douynetus tells us of several that have been cured by the application of Vesicatories Arculanus and others have successfully made use of a blistring Cataplasm in an obstinate pain that gave way to
j. Make them into a Mass with juice of Wormwood or Gentian the dose from Ê’s to Ê’j Sennertus prescribes these â„ž Aloes ℈ j. Rhubarb ℈ ij Myrrh ℈ s. Trochischs of Alhandal gr iij. Powder of Coral Ê’ s. Make them into twenty two Pills with juice of Wormwood The Dose for Children ℈ j. To destroy all Matter and Nutriment of VVorms in the Guts there is not any better Remedy to be found then for the Patient to swallow once a VVeek one ℈ of Aloes Succotrine for Aloes has a peculiar occult quality to Purge and cleanse the extream Parts of the Guts This is the opinion of Mercurialis in his own Words but I usually order a Ê’ or two of Rhubarb to be put into a little bag and hung up in the ordinary drink which the Patient drinks and by that means I both expel the Worms and the cause of the Worms Saxonia and Solenander with many others extol the Decoction of Sebesten in Ê’iiij of which Crato macerates Ê’j of Rhubarb and gives the straining to drink Rhubarb also given in substance is a great enemy to the Worms and Dodoneus voids them with this Powder â„ž Worm-seed Ê’j Shavings of Hearts-horn Citron-seed and Sorrel-seed an ℈ j. Rhubarb Ê’ij Make them into a Powder the Dose Ê’ j. Riverius takes â„ž Powder of Rhubarb and Coral an Ê’s Duretus prescribed this â„ž Chosen Rhubarb Wormwood Sea Wormwood Shavings of Harts-horn an Ê’iij Make them into a Powder Dose Ê’j with the Decoction of Scordium This as we have tried says he excells all the rest Lastly Antonius Cermisonius as a most destroying expelling Remedy against the Worms prescribes a Glister of Ê’ x. of Goats Milk and Ê’ij of Honey OBSERVATION XCII The Worms THE Son of Mr. Cooper about six or seven years old had been long troubled with Worms in his Belly which sometimes ascending his Gullet crept out at his Mouth in the Night-time The Parents had often given him Worm-seed but to no purpose so that at length when the Child was nothing but Skin and Bone they sent for me I found him thirsty and averse to all manner of Physick thereupon I took half a pound of Quick-silver and macerated it in two pound of Grass-water shaking the Water very often Afterwards having separated the Mercury I added to the Water Syrup of Limons â„¥ iij. Oyl of Vitriol q. s. to give it a grateful Taste This he only took for two days together in which time he voided downward six and thirty Worms and being so rid of his troublesome Guests recovered his Health ANNOTATIONS SOme extol Quick-silver it self given in the Substance as an excellent Remedy against the Worms insomuch that Sanctorius says there is no killing of the Worms but with strong and violent Medicines as Aloes and Mercury or Quick-silver Of which Baricellus thus writes Quick-silver says he which many take to be Poyson is given with great Success against the Worms and is accounted so certain a Remedy in Spain that the Women give it to Infants that puke up their Milk to the quantity of three Granes I cured a VVoman that for nine days together had been troubled with continual Vomiting occasioned by the VVorms besides that she had not eaten in three days nor could keep what she swallowed but after I had given her two Drams of Quick silver mortified with a little Syrup of Quinces without any trouble she voided downward about a hundred VVorms and was freed from her Distemper the same day I have VVater at home wherein I continually keep Quick-silver infused and wil lingly give it away to children for the VVorms yet never heard of any Hurt that ever it did The dose of Mercury to be given to Children is ℈ j. to elder People ℈ ij or Ê’j It is corrected and mortified by bruising it in a Glass Mortar with brown Sugar till it be dissolved into invisible Parts and to prevent it from returning to its pristine Form you must add to it two little Drops of Oyl of Sweet Almonds and give it fasting with Sugar of Roses Syrup of Violets or Quinces to the Party affected Zappara confirms this use of Quick-silver by many examples and Hildan tells of a Woman cured of the Worms by Quick-silver of which she passed Ê’j s. through a piece of Leather and then swallowed it Where this is remarkable that the same Woman at that time wore a Plaister upon her Navel which was afterwards found all covered over with Quick silver Thus many Physicians celebrate Quick silver but more applaud it than condemn it as Plater Horatius Eâ—…genius and Fallopius says of it That it does not work those Effects being drank as used by way of Oyntment I have known says he Women that have drank Pounds of it to cause Abortion without any dammage and I have given it to Children for the Worms The same is testified by Marianus Sanctus and Fracastorius And Matthiolus affirms that Quick-silver is only prejudicial because it tears the Guts by its weight and therefore if it be not given in too great a quantity he says it can do no harm And I have seen it given by Midwives to Women in difficult Labours without any hurt at all For my part I never give it alone but always in some Infusion of Grass-water Wine or other Liquor And as for Stromaiier and Horstius though they reject raw Quick-silver yet rightly prepared they extol it as the best Remedy in the World against the Worms Sennertus however advises that though Quick-silver may be used in desperate Cases yet to forbear it where milder Medicaments may serve the turn Since there is a possibility that it may do mischief OBSERVATION XCIII The Gout MR. Hamilton in the Flower of his Age was miserably tormented with the Gout in the Joynt of his Right-shoulder so that he had not slept in three Days and Nights After I had prescribed him a proper Diet I purged him with Cochia Pills gave him a Diuretic Decoction for some days and then applied this Plaister to the place affected â„ž Gum. Galbanum dissolved in Spirit of Wine Tacamahacca dissolved in Spirit of Turpentine Emplaster of Oxycroceum an â„¥ s. Mix them and spread them upon Leather This Plaster stuck on eight days within which time that immense Pain went off so that he could freely move his Arm after that he returned to the Camp where he was unfortunately slain ANNOTATIONS MAny Disputes there are about the Causes of the Gout but for my part I believe there are necessarily two For either those Pains proceed from cold Defluxions mixed with some Salt and Acrimony falling from the Head upon the Joynts refrigerating and corroding the Nerves Tendons and Ligaments annexed to the Joynts For how great an Enemy Cold is to the Nerves and membranous Parts we find in Winter-time by the Wounds by which those Parts are laid bare There says Hippocrates all cold things are fatal to the Nerves Besides that such Defluxions cause Weakness and Stiffness of
because it began to spread more and more I was sent for Thereupon after I had purged her Body I ordered her to wash her Hands with equal parts of mercuriated Water and Virgins Milk and to let them dry of themselves By which means the Scabbiness came forth more and more for two or three days but within three or four days afterwards wholly dry'd up and was cured OBSERVATION CI. A Malady in the Stomach ISaac of Aix la Chapelle forty six years of age was troubled with an old Distemper in his Stomach occasioned by difficult and painful Belchings so that after he had eat or drank any thing he was forced to belch fifty and sometimes a hundred times and more and that often both by day and by night neither could he stop them or if they did not break forth he was like one that was ready to burst Besides his Sight was very weak so that he could not see to read or write without Spectacles and that at a very near distance too and thus he had been troubled from the twentieth year of his Age till then He had had the Advice of several Physicians to no purpose upon which I desired him to try only one Experiment which was to smoak one Pipe of Tobacco after Dinner and Supper At first he took but half a Pipe but afterwars he grew such a Proficient that he would take two or three so that after he had continued the use of Tobacco in that manner for about a month his Belching ceased and his Sight was much amended ANNOTATIONS NIcholas Monardes writes that Tobacco is hot and dry in the second degree and therefore attenuates concocts cleanses discusses asswages Pain and has a stupifying Quality is good against the Tooth-ach allays all Pains of the Head being outwardly applied and laid upon the cold Stomach cuts the same c. Which Qualities Dodonaeus acknowledges also in Tobacco But in regard that in their time this Plant was not so much in request the Benefit and Abuse of it was less known to them than to us Practical Disputations OF Isbrand de Diemerbroeck Concerning the DISEASES OF THE HEAD BREAST and LOWER BELLY The Cures of the chief Diseases of the whole Head in Twenty Five Disputations annexed to the Cases of the Patients themselves HISTORY I. Of the Head-ach A Person of forty years of age of a Flegmatic Constitution often liable to Catarrhs in the midst of VVinter in a very cold Season had travelled for forty Days together and by the way had fed upon flatulent viscous Meats of hard Digestion and other such kind of Food to which he had not been accustomed and instead of VVine he had been forced to drink thick muddy Ale Upon his return home he complained of a troublesome Pain in his Head more heavy and obtuse than acute which if you laid your hand hard upon the place was so far from being exasperated that it was more gentle for the time This Pain was also accompanied with Noises in his Ears an Inclination to Sleep which his Pain however would not permit him to take and a want of Appetite a Lassitude of the whole Body and Paleness in the Face I. IN this Patient we find the Head to be first affected by the Pain thereof and the Noise in his Ears Whence by consent the whole Body suffers as appears by his Lassitude and other Simptoms II. The Malady of which he chiefly complains is a Pain in the Head which is a trouble to the Sense of Feeling in the membranous Parts caused by the Solution of the Continuum III. This Pain is internal in the Parts contained within the Skull as is from hence apparent for that it is not exasperated but somewhat mitigated by laying the Hand hard upon the Part. IV. The remote Cause of this Malady is disorderly Diet by which means by the use of Meats of ill Juice and hard Concoction several crude and flegmatic Humors are generated in the whole Body but especially in the Head which produce the Antecedent Cause which being encreased by the external Cold wherein he had traveled for four days together and fixed in the membranous Parts of the Brain occasioned the containing Cause V. These flegmatic Humors being by the external Cold condensed in the Head and not being evacuated through the Pores obstructed by the Cold or other Passages appointed for the Evacuation of the Excrement were gathered together in great abundance in the Passages of the Brain and by reason of their quantity distending the membranous Parts of the Brain and dissolving the Continuum caused the Pain VI. The Cure is to be hastned for if that flegmatic Humor stay long in the Head 't is to be feared that the Malady may turn to a heavy Drowsiness or an Apoplexie or if it dissolve too soon and make too improper a way least it cause some dangerous Catarrh which falling upon the Lungs or lower Parts may endanger a violent Cough or Suffocation or some other desperate Distemper in some other part VII Four Indications are here to be considered in order to the Cure 1. That the abounding Flegm be evacuated from the Head and whole Body 2. That it be specially evacuated out of the Head it self 3. That the Pain be allay'd 4. That the Head be strengthened and the Concoctions of the Bowels be promoted and so a new Generation of abounding Flegm as well in the Head as whole Body be prevented and that the Flegm already generated and abounding may be consumed VIII For the Evacuation of Flegm abounding in the whole Body let him take this purging Draught ℞ Trochischs of Agaric ʒj Leaves of Senna cleansed ℥ s. Anise-seed ʒj s. White Ginger ℈ j. Decoction of Barley q. s. make an Infusion Then add to the Straining Elect. Diaphaenicon ʒij Diagredion gr iiij Mix them for a Draught If the Patient cannot take this give him of Pill Cochiae ℈ ij or iij. or else ʒj of Powder of Diacarthamum or Diaturbith with Rhubarb This Purgation must be repeated to prepare the Humors three or four times every three or four days one after another IX For Evacuation of the Flegm particularly accumulated in the Head Sternutories and Errhines are of great use The one because they draw down viscous and tough Humors through the Nostrils and Palate The other because the Brain being by them provoked and violently contracting it self as violently expels tough Humors sticking to the Ethmoides Bone and by removing the Obstruction makes way for the Excrements detained therein X. Of this Sneezing-powder let him twice or thrice a day snuff up a little into his Nose ℞ Marjoram Leaves ℈ j. Root of white Hellebore ℈ j. s. Pellitory of Spain ℈ s. Black Pepper Benjamin an gr v. If Sneezing prevail not let him snuff up a little of the following Errhin into his Nostrils ℞ Iuice of Marjoram ℥ s. Iuice of the Root of white Beets ℥ j. Mix them for an Errhin XI In the mean time to allay
that slight sometimes moved her to Anger while the Choler boiled that was mixed with her Melancholly humors sometimes to sadness the Melancholly humors being moved and overcoming the Choleric and through that disorderly strife and Effervescency of the Choler with the Melancholy the whole Mass of Blood boiled which occasioned a slight Putrefaction which begot a slight disorderly Fever accompanied with the Head-ach caused by the sharp Choloric and Melancholy Vapors carried up together to the Head But at length that effervescency of Choler and Blood being vanquished by the abundance and quality of the Melancholy Humor the Fever went off and the Animal Spirits were heated also by the hot Melancholy humors predominant in the Body and the Head and set a boiling by the foregoing effervescency of the Choler and were so rapidly and disorderly moved that they caused a Delirium first more geâ—… while the Spirits were not so much heated and agitated then violent with Anger Immodesty and Rage by reason the sharp heat of the Animal Spirits was augmented so that being now too much attenuated and become more eager they are more rapidly moved and more disorderly and violently agitated IV. Now because not only the Animal but the Vital Spirits are possessed with that heat as also the whole Mass of the Blood hence it comes to pass that the whole Body becomes so heated that they are not cool'd by the Cold of the External Air but always re mains hot V. Yet there is no Fever because that violent fervor of the Blood and Spirits though it be great and sharp yet there is neither Putrefaction nor Inflammation because it consists more in Salt then Sulphury Particles VI. This Malady is difficult to Cure partly because the most noble Bowels are affected partly because the Cause lyes in a depraved obstinate and copious Humor Lastly because the Patient being Mad will not be rul'd nor suffer the administration of proper Medicines However the longer it is delay'd the more difficult the Cure will be VII The primary Indications relating to the Cure are these 1. To prepare and evacuate the Melancholly humor abounding in the Body and to extinguish the heat both of that as of the Blood and Spirits 2. To prevent the new generation of the same Humor and Fervor 3. To coroborate the Bowels especially the Heart Brain Liver and Spleen And this is to be done by Diet Chyrurgery and Pharmacy VIII The Chamber wherein the Patient lyes must be gloomy where he or she must be kept by strong Men or Women or else their Arms must be bound with broad Swaths that they may do no harm to themselves nor others They are to be visited by very few whose Company they loved in the time of Health They must be kept in a temperate Air. Their Diet must be moistning and moderately cooling rather moist then dry Their Drink Ptisans or small Ale They must be kept quiet with good words and provoked to sleep as much as may be and all Evacuations of Nature in both Sexes must proceed naturally while Art supplys the disorders of Nature IX Though the enraged Patient refuses all Medicaments yet fair words must be try'd and this draught obtruded instead of Drink â„ž Leaves of Senna â„¥ s. Anise-seed Ê’ j. Decoction of Barly q. s. infuse them according to Art then to the straining add Confect Hamech Ê’ iij. Extract of Hellebore ℈ j. Mix them for a draught X. After Purgation Blood-letting is requisite not once but often in the Hands Feet Forehead Arms and other convenient Places and a good quantity of Blood to be taken away according to the strength of the Patient And the Patient is to be well guarded from loosening the bindings of the Fillets after stopping the Blood XI Between every Blood-letting Purge the Patient then with a draught before mentioned or Powder of Dia-Senna or Confect Hamech alone Or if these be refused make use of Codiniac or Rob of red Currants to every Ounce of which add grains twenty four and of this mixture give six or seven drams as you find it works Or if the Party love Currants boil them in the Decoction of Senna-leaves or Roots of black Hellebore till they â—…row plump then take them out and let them dry in a place exposed to the Wind that they may not seem to have been boiled and give them to eat XII You may try either by fair words or by fraud to make her drink now and then in a day a draught of this Apozem â„ž Roots of Polypody of the Oak Succory an â„¥ j Rind of Caper-roots Tamarisch an â„¥ s. Herbs Dodder Venus-hair Lettice Dandelion with the whole Sorrel Ceterach Borage Bugloss an M. j. Cordial Flowers an one little handful Citron and Orange Peels an Ê’iij Fruit of Tamarinds â„¥ j. Common-water q. s. Boil them for an Apozem of lb j. s. If you steep in this Apozem Leaves of Senna â„¥ j. s. Root of Black HeleboreÊ’ ij Anise-seedÊ’ ij By that means it will become a Purging Apozem which if the Patient likes may be often administered XIII Let this Conditement be also offered upon occasion â„ž Conserve of Violets Pale Roses Rob of Red Currants Candied Citron-peel an Ê’ iij. Pulp of Tamarinds Ê’ vj. Syrup of Violets q. s. XIV Because such a Patient chiefly requires sleep toward Evening givâ—… an Amygdalate wherein put an Ounce of Syrup of Popies or a little more or three grains of Opiate Laudanum but this not above once or twice in a Week or one or two Heads in the boiling the aforesaid Apozem or by adding to the aforesaid Conditement one or two drams of Nicholas's Rest or by anointing the Temples and Forehead with Oyl of Popies or Populeon Oyntment But give not these Soporifics too often too long nor too strong XV. In the mean time the Hair being shaved off let the Head be fomented for an hour or two in the Morning with this Fomentation luke-warm â„ž Herbs Betony Vervain Marjoram Plantain an M j. Lettice M iiij Flowers of Roses Melilot Dill Camomil an M j. Hemp and Coriander-seed an â„¥ s. Common-water q. s. After Fomentation keep the Head well covered from the cold Air. But this Fomentation will not be proper before the Body be well purged and some Blood be taken away XVI When the Distemper begins to asswage it will not be amiss to clap alive Hen cut in two upon the Head or the Lungs of a new kill'd Sheep or Calf newly killed XVII Some applaud the clapping of Medicines to the Feet as also Pidgeons slit or Tenches slit or else Leaves of Coleworts and Rue with Sowre Ferment Salt and Vinegar and so bruised into the form of a Past and bound to the Soles of their Feet which if they do no good yet do no harm and therefore in this case may safely be made use of for the satisfaction of such as desire it HISTORY VI. Of the Disease call'd Coma both Somnulent and Wakeful A Person about forty Years of
Baum Calaminth an M. j. Sage Flowers of Stâ—…chas an M. s. Iuniper-Berries Ê’vj of Lawrel Ê’ij cleansed Raisins â„¥ ij VVater q. s. Boil them and make an Apozem of 〈◊〉 j. s. to which may be added Syrup of Stoechas â„¥ ij or iij. Let him drink of this Decoction three or four times a day In the mean time let him continue the use of his Sternutory IX If he cannot take his Apozem let him now and then take a Quantity of this Conditement â„ž Specier Diambrae Ê’ j. s. Conserve of Baum Flowers of Sage Betony Rosemary an Ê’ s. Syrup of Stoechas q. s. For a Conditement X. Also let the following Quilt be laid upon his Head â„ž Leaves of Marjoram Rosemary Flowers of Lavender Melilot an ℈ iiij Benjamin Nutmeg Cloves an ℈ j. To be grosly powdered for a Quilt Then anoint his Temples and the top of his Head with this Liniment R. Oyls of Rosemary Marjoram Nutmegs an ℈ j. Martiate Oyntment Ê’ij And let him wear this a good while after the Cure XI Let his Diet be sparing Meats of good Juice and easie of Digestion seasoned with Rosemary Marjoram and other Cephalics When he wakes continually Amygdalates are proper for they yield good Nourishments and provoke sleep and all natural Evacuations must duly proceed HISTORY VII Of the Lethargy A Person threescore Years of Age of a Flegmatic Constitution having all the Autumn being careless of his Diet feeding greedily upon Fruit Lettice Cowcumbers Melons and such like for some days perceived a weariness of his whole Body with a great Inclination to sleep Then he was taken with a slight continued Fever which toward Night growing worse seemed like a Quotidian This Fever was presently accompany'd with a very great drowsiness so that he could not be kept from sleeping and which was so profound that he heard not the standers by though they bawled out and made never so loud a noise being at length rowsed out of his sleep not without great difficulty and hawling and pulling he looked upon the standers-by but answered very little to their questions and that very little to the purpose not knowing that he had been asleep if they gave him a Chamber-Pot he forgot to make water and so with his Mouth and his Eyes shut he fell asleep again his Pulse was strong but slow and at distant intervals and toward Night unequal and somewhat swifter his Urine was muddy with a very thick Flegmatic Sediment I. THat the Head and whole Body of this Patient were affected appears from the profound Sleep which oppressed the one and the continued Fever and lassitude that seized the other II. That heavy drowsiness which seiz'd our Patient is called a Lethargy which is an insatiable Propensity to sleep with a gentle Fever and molestation of the Principal faculties III. The remote Cause of this Malady was cooling and bad Dyet which generating a great quantity of Flegmatic humors in a Flegmatic Body made the antecedent Cause IV. Which Flegmatic humors being carried in great quantity to the Brain and affecting it with a cold mistemper partly putrifying in the larger Vessels and inflam'd in the Heart and thence dispeirsed through the whole Body and through the Carotides Arteries to the Brain constitute the containing Cause of the Sleep and Fever V. For when those crude Humors already inflam'd in the Heart come through the Carotides Arteries to the Choroid-Fold whose small Arteries by reason of the cold temper of the Brain are narrower then usually and partly through their own thickness partly through the narrowness of those passages slowly pass through the Choroid Fold they are there thickened still more and more by the cold Constitution of the Brain and their Passage becomes more obstructed so that for that reason the Animal Spirits growing fewer and but ill supplyed and consequently not sufficing to officiate in their dutys hence follows a Cessation in the Organs of those Senses by which means when no objects can be carry'd to the Principal Senses they cease too when a profound Drowsiness out of which when the Patient is roused the Principal Senses appear damnified for want of Spirits and their disorderly motion through obstructed Passages VI. This Disease is dangerous 1. Because the Brain is dangerously affected 2. By reason of the Fever which affects the whole Body 3. Because the Patient was old and unable to conquer such a Malady for want of Natural heat and strength but because he had some strength remaining there was hopes of Cure VII In the Cure the Flegmatic Matter abounding in the whole Body is to be Evacuated drawn back from the Head and deriv'd to the lower Parts The Cold Distemper of the Head to be remov'd the Head to be corroborated and the Matter therein contain'd to be dissolv'd and drawn away VIII After a Glyster Dolorific Ligatures and hard Frictions of the Thighs are very proper if frequently used Blood-letting at such an Age is not so convenient therefore Cupping-glasses both with and without Scarification are to be apply'd to the Shoulders Neck and Back But no repelling Cold Medicines are to be used in this Case IX So soon as the Patient can be wak'd let him have this Apozem given him â„ž White Agaric Ê’j Leaves of Senna â„¥ s. Anise-seed Ê’j Ginger ℈ j. Decoctions of Barley q. s. Infuse them then add to the straining Ele. Diaphenicon Ê’iij If the Body be bound it must be loosen'd with Glysters X. The Body being well Purg'd let him take every foot a draught of this Apozem â„ž Roots of Aromatic Reed Elecampane Fennel Stone-Parsly an â„¥ s. Herbs Betony Venus Hair Century Lesser Dandelion an M. j. Rosemary Marjoram Hyssop Flowers of Stoechas Camomil an M. s. Iuniper-Berries Ê’vj Anise-seeds ℈ j. s. Citron and Orange-Peels an â„¥ s. Water q. s. Make an Apozem of lb j. s. To which add Syrup of Stoechas â„¥ ij or iij. XI After he has taken this Apozem let him Purge as before or if he like Pills better let him take ℈ ij or iij of Cochia Pills or Ê’j of Diaturbith or Diacarthamum powder'd and dissolv'd in Barley-water XII After this second Purgation let him return to his Apozem to which you may then add several Diuretics as Roots of Dodder Asparagus Eryngos and Herbs as Stone Parsley Strawberry Leaves and the like Castoreum also may be properly mix'd in this Apozem or else five or six grains given him in a little Oxymel of Squills XIII While these things are a doing let the Matter be specially Evacuated out of his Head the Head be Corroborated with Topics and the remaining Matter there discuss'd Evacuation is performed by Errhins of equal Parts of Roots of Beets and Leaves of Marjoram and by Snuf blowing into his Nostrils the following Sternutory â„ž Root of white Hellebore ℈ j. of Pellitory and Leaves â—…f Marjoram an ℈ s. Black Pepper gr v. Castoreum Benjamin an gr iiij To corroborate the Brain anoint the top of the Head and Temples with this
could hardly speak or breath and when she endeavoured to throw off the Burthen she was not able to stir her Members And while she was in that Strife sometimes with great difficulty she awoke of her self sometimes her Husband hearing her make a doleful Inarticulat Voice waked her himself at what time she was forced to sit up in her Bed to fetch her Breath sometimes the same Fit returned twice in a Night upon her going again to Rest. I. THe Brain of this Woman was primarily affected especially in the hinder Ventricle of the Brain near the Spinal Pith for the Muscles of the Parts seated below the Head are agrieved which appears by her difficulty of breathing and the hindered Motion of her Breast Thighs and Arms. Hence the Heart is affected with the Lungs II. This Affection is called Incubus or the Night-Mare which is an Intercepting of the Motion of the Voice and Respiration with a false Dream of something lying ponderous upon the Breast the free Influx of the Spirits to the Nerves being obstructed III. The antecedent Cause of this Malady is an over-redundancy of Blood in the whole Body whence many Vapors are carried to the Head and there detained by the Winter-cold streightning the Pores and thickning those Vapors and narrowing the Passage to the beginning of the Spinal Marrow which hinders a sufficient Passage of the Animal Spirits to the Nerves and this constitutes the containing Cause IV. For while the Passages of the Nerves are compressed by the more thick Vapors detained about the lower part of the Brain at the entrance of the Marrow into the Spine sufficient Animal Spirts do not flow into the lower Parts which causes the Motion of the Muscles to fail Now because the Motion of the Muscles for the most part ceases in time of sleep except the Respiratory Muscles therefore the failing of their Motion is first perceived by reason of the extraordinary trouble that arises for want of necessary Respiration Now the Patient in her Sleep growing sensible of that Streightness but not understanding the Cause in that Condition believes her self to be overlay'd by some Demon Thief or other ponderous Body being neither able to move her Breast nor to breath Then endeavouring to shake off that troublesome Weight as apprehensive of some ensuing Suffocation but not being able to move the rest of her Members she believes them under the same Pressure Upon which when she tries to call out for assistance but because of the streightness of her Respiration she is not able to speak distinctly she makes an inarticulate Noise with great difficulty In this Strugling she continues till the Animal Spirits detained at the lower Part of the Brain by the Compression of the Spinal Marrow and there collected in a greater quantity at length forced by the continual Flux of Spirits from the Heart violently make their way through the Pith into the Nerves and Muscles and restore Motion to the Parts Then the Patient moves her Body and wakes and by that motion those thick Vapors are dissipated and being awake she is forced to take Breath to repair the Loss which she suffered for want of Respiration But because there is yet a larger quantity of these Vapors still remaining in the Head hence it comes to pass that if she fall asleep again especially if she lye upon her Back the same Evil returns in regard those thick Vapors settle more easily toward the hinder part of the Head near the Marrow V. Now that they are Vapors and not Humors is plain from hence that the Malady is so soon mastered which could not be done so suddenly were they Humors which would rather cause an Apoplexie or some other more dangerous Evil that they are thick and not thin Vapors appears from hence because the thin Vapors would pass more easily through the Pores though narrower which the thick cannot do which requires motion of the Body to dissipate them which Motion ceasing in Sleep they stick to the Place and streighten the Pores of the Nerves But if any cold ill Temper of the Brain happen at the same time those Vapors are easily condensed into Humors by that Cold which if detained in the Head cause Heaviness the Coma Apoplexy and the like If they flow from the Head to the lower Parts they breed Catarrs with which our Patient was wont to be troubled in the Winter-time VI. This Malady is dangerous least the collected Vapors being condensed in the Head should breed a Coma Apoplexy or the like VII It consists in removing the Antecedent Principal and containing Cause and the Corroboration of the Brain VIII To purge away the Antecedent Cause or the great quantity of Humors let the Body be purged with Pill Cochiae Powder of Diaturbith or this Potion ℞ Leaves of Senna ʒiij White Agaric Rhubarb an ʒj s. Anise-seeds ℈ ij White Ginger ℈ s. Decoction of Barley q. s. Infuse them and to the Straining add Elect. Diaphaenicon ʒij IX Then because she is plethoric take away ℥ viij or ix of Blood from her Arm. X. After Blood-letting let her take every morning a Draught of this Apozem ℞ Root of Calamus Aromaticus Fennel Stone-parsley Capers an ʒvj Herbs Betony Marjoram Dodder Succory Borage Sorrel an m. j. Flowers of Stoechas m. s. Iuniper Berries ℥ s. Blew Currants ℥ ij Water q. s. Boil them according to Art adding toward the end Rubarb white Agaric an ʒij Anise-seed ℥ s. Cinnamon ℈ j. s. Make an Apozem of lb. s. XI To expel the containing Cause Errhinas snuft up into the Nostrils or a sneezing Powder of Root of white Hellebore Pellitory Leaves of Marjoram and Flowers of Lilly of the Valley greatly conduce XII To corroborate the Brain let her take a small quantity of this Conditement ℞ Specier Diambr Aromatic Rosat an ℈ ij Conserve of Flowers of Betony Sage Anthos candied Root of Acorns an ℥ s. Syrup of Stoechas q. s. XIII To the same purpose let her wear such a Quilt as this upon her Head ℞ Leaves of Rosemary Marjoram Thyme Flowers of Lavender an ʒj Nutmegs ℈ ij Cloves ℈ j. Benjamin ℈ s. Beat them into a gross Powder XIV Keep her in a pure and moderate hot Air. Let her Diet be sparing but of good Juice and easie Digestion Let her Suppers be more moderate then her Dinners Her Drink must be small her Exercise moderate and so must her Sleep be and let her be careful of sleeping upon her Back Lastly a sedate Mind and a soluble Body are of great moment in this Case HISTORY XII Of the Apoplexy A Strong Man about forty years of age both a great Feeder and Drinker complained of a heavy Pain in his Head for two Months together but took no care of himself but followed on his usual Course of Drinking Fore-noons and After-noons but at length one Morning waking in his Chamber after he had muttered out three or four inarticulate Words he fell of a sudden void of
Liniment â„ž Oyl of Lawrel Camomil Matiate Oyntment an â„¥ s. Oyl of Nutmegs pressed Ê’ j. s. XVIII If these things avail not in three or four the most swelled places of the Head make a small Perforation in the Skin with a little Lance no wider then is usual in Blood-letting that the Serum may distill by degrees through those little holes which is to be dried up with warm Rags till it ceases to flow then lay the afore mentioned Quilt XIX These Children must have drier Diet then ordinary as Biscuit masticated Little bits of White-bread moistened in the Decoction of Raisins or Hen-broath and sweetened with a little Cinnamon or Sugar Let him have thin Broths made with Wheat-flowre and Decoction of Raisins to which add a little Wine Let him often drink Almond-Milk with a little Cinnamon-water Let him abstain from Sowre Milk Whey Ale Fruit unless now and then a Baked Apple or Pear Let him sleep moderately and keep his Body soluble and regular in his Evacuations THE CURES OF THE Chief Diseases Of the whole CHEST WITH TEN CASES OF THE PATIENTS HISTORY I. Of the Pleurisie A Young Gentleman of twenty four Years of Age having over-heated himself in the Tennis-Court and being very dry drank a large Draught of cold Ale Upon this he felt a Pain in the left side of his Chest which within half an hour grew so acute that through the trouble and the intolerable Pain he could hardly breath At the same time he had a strong Fever and a dry Cough which very much exasperated the Pain But neither his Faintness nor his Thirst was very great I. VArious Parts were affected in this Patient the Pleura Membrane the Muscles of the Misopleuron and the Heart and consequently the whole Body II. The Diseases called the Pleurisie which is an Inflammation of the Pleura Membrane and the Muscles of the Mesopleuron accompanied with a Pricking Pain in the Side difficulty of Breathing and a continued Fever III. That it is a Disease appears by the pricking Pain difficulty of Breathing and the continued Fever that it is no Inflammation of the Lungs the pricking Pain declares which never is felt in that Distemper That it is no Tumor Inflammation or other Pain in the Spleen appears from the sharpness of the Pain above the Diaphragma toward the Arm-pits and the difficulty of Breathing IV. The anteceding Cause was the great quantity of Blood in the Body The Original Causes vehement Exercises and pouring down cold Ale just after it The containing Cause is the over-large quantity of Blood contained in the Pleura Membrane and the Mesopleuron Muscles inflamed and corrupted V. The whole Body was over-heated by Exercise whence a strong and swift Pulâ—…e of the Heart which attenuating the Blood forced it in great quantity to all the Parts which so long as it had a free return through the Veins never occasioned any trouble But being thickened by the cold Ale in the Veins of the Left side of the Pleura and the Veins themselves thereby contracted it came to pass that more past through the Arteries then could circulate through the Veins which caused that accumulation of Blood that bred that Tumor in the Pleura and because the Blood that flows from the Heart has its own heat thence with the increase of the Blood the heat encreased and thence the Inflammation which caused the Putrefaction Part of which putrifying Blood being carried through the Intercostal Veins to the hollow Vein and so to the Heart caused the continued Fever which however is only Symtomatical as only arising from the Putrifaction of the Inflamed Part poured fourth into the larger Vessels VI. Now in regard the Ribs must be dilated in Respiration but by reason of the Tumid Inflammation of the distention of the Pleura Membrane and Mesopleuron Muscles they can hardly be dilated thence difficulty of Breathing which is the more troublesome because the Pleura being ended with a most acute Sense can endure no farther distention So that the Patient to avoid the Pain breaths slowly which not being enough to cool the Lungs causes a Drought of the Chaps and Mouth VII Sharp Vapors exhaling from the inflamed Part infest the neighbouring Lungs and by their vellicating the Aspera Arteria cause a dry Cough VIII This Disease is dangerous in regard the Heart is affected and Respiration is impeded besides the fear of an Imposthume in the Breast IX In the prosecution of the Cure Blood-letting is first to be done in both Arms and the Patient must bleed freely And if the first bleeding do not relieve the Patient it is to be again repeated within an hour or two after a third time if need require with regard to the strength of the Patient though a small debilitation is not to be feared X. In the mean time his Belly must be mov'd with a Glister â„ž Emollient Decoction â„¥ x. Elect. Diacatholicon Diaprunum Solutive an â„¥ j. Salt Ê’ j. Or else infuse two drams of Rubarb in Barley-water and give him to drink the streining with one ounce of Syrup of Succory with Rubarb or Solutive Rosatum Stronger Purges must be avoided XI He may also three or four times aday drink a draught of this Apozem â„ž Cleansed Barley Roots of Asparagus Grass an â„¥ j. Licorâ—…ce sliced â„¥ s. Venus-hair Borage Lettice Endive Violet-leaves an M. j. Flowers of Wild-Poppy Violets an P. ij Four great Colder Seeds an Ê’ j. s. Blew Currans â„¥ j. Water q. s. Make an Apozem of lb j. s. with which mix Syrup of Poppy Rheas and Violets an â„¥ j. To allay the Cough let him take this Looch â„ž Syrup of Wild-Poppy of Venus-hair of Violets an â„¥ j. Mix them for a Looch To allay the Pain and to attenuate discuss and Concoct the Blood collected in the affected Part Foment the Region of the affected Part with this Fomentation â„ž Mallows Althea Colewort Chervile Beats Violet-leaves Flowers of Camomil Elder and Dill an M. j. Water q. s. Make a Decoction to 〈◊〉 i j. For a Fomentation Of the same may be composed a Cataplasm by adding Meal of Lin-seed and Barley Oyl of Almonds and new Butter XIV Let him keep a Temperate Diet and of easie digestion Cream of Ptisan Chicken-broths prepared with Endive and Lettice or else let him take some such Amygdalate â„ž Sweet Almons blanched â„¥ ij Four great Colder Seeds White Poppy Seed an Ê’j s. Decoction of Barley q. s. Make an Emulsion of lb j. with Sugar q. s. to sweeten it gently His ordinary Drink must be Ptsan or small Ale but not Sowre or such a Julep â„ž Decoction of Barley lb j. Syrup of Wild Poppy and Violets an â„¥ j. Mixt them for a Iulep Let him sleep long if possible and use no Exercise HISTORY II. Of an Empyema A Person about forty Years of Age being seized with a terrible Pleurisie in his left side and not having any Remedies applied to him before the third day found little ease so that
brought up a great quantity of tough and viscous Slime which sometimes tasted saltish he Cought very much after Meals insomuch that through the violent Agitation of his Stomach he brought up all he had eaten with a great Pain in his Breast and Abdomen After Vomiting his Cough ceased he never spit Blood he had no Fever however his Body fell away and his strength wasted yet not so but that he still went abroad about his business Somtimes he was very Loose His Appetite held indifferent good and he slept moderately well I. THE Lungs of this Person were chiefly affected then the Stomach and several other Parts of the Body suffered under the violent Agitation of the Cough II. This Malady is called Tusis or a Cough which is a violent forcing of the Breath caused by a swift Contraction of the Breast and Lungs whereby what is troublesome to the Instruments of Breathing is expelled by 〈◊〉 force of thein-breath'd Air. III. This Malady needs no signs to discover it IV. The anteceding Cause of this Distempet is a Cold and Flegmatic disposition of the Air contracted by bad Diet. The Original Cause was Heats and Colds violent and unseasonable Exercise The containing Cause is Flegm in the Lungs either by Defluction or Collection partly twiching them with its Acrimony partly obstructing the Bronchia with its great quantity V. Cold Diet and of hard digestion bred Crudities and many saltish Humors which for want of Concoction became Acrimonious The Brain was refrigerated by the cold â—…empestous Weather and the Pores of the outward Head obstructed so that the Flegmatic serous Vapors ascending from the lower Parts soon condensed in the Ventricles of the refrigerated Brain which not being able to pass through the obstructed Pores caused first a Pose Afterwards the fiercer Cold of Winter encreasing the quantity of those Humors they being debarr'd their usual Passages by reason of their thickness fell upon the Aspera Arteria and Gristles of the Lungs and hinder Rispiration and the Acrimony of those Humors farther molesting the Pellicle of the Aspera Arteria and Bronâ—…hia enforces those Parts to a violent Exclusion of the provoking Humors VI. This Cough had lasted long for want of care of Diet and taking Remedies whence a frequent defluxion of Catarhs to the Breast the Cold of which in time much refrigerated and weakned the Lungs so that Vapors rising from the lower Parts and stopping in the Lungs were easily condensed into a Viscous liquor that stopped up the Channels of the Lungs and stuck like Bird-lime to the sides of the Bronchia which caused that violence of Coughing to shake off that tenaoious Matter VII The Cough was longer and more vehement and threw off much more tenacious Flegm in regard the Flegmatic Humors that had been gathering together all day and night about the beginning of the day abounded in so great a quantiâ—…y that they could no longer be contained in the Head but falling down upon the Lungs and tickling the Bronchia not only with their Acrimony provoked the Cough but more plentifully filling the Bronchia contracted by the Vapors condensed within them and thence hindring Respiration irritated the Cough as being that by which Nature endeavoured to throw off the trouble VIII The Cough increased after Meals because the Vapors being raised by the swallowed Nourishment and endued with some Acrimony fell upon the Lungs and there condensed stick to the refrigerated Bronchia and tickling the sensible inner Tunicle both of them and the Aspera Arteria already prepared to ease Provacation by the former Humors exasperate the Cough through the violent Agitation whereof and Compression of the Muscles of the Abdomen the Stomach throws up all again upon which the Cough ceases for a time because there is nothing in the Stomach from whence any more sharp Vapors can ascend to the Lungs IX And by reason of the same violent Motion and over frequent distension of the Muscles some Pain is felt in the Breast and Abdomen And that Compression forcing the Meat and Drink unconcocted out of the Stomach causes a violent Loosness and dejection of the Nourishment X. There is no Fever because there is no Putrefaction of the Humor but the Body is emaciated and becomes very weak because the violent concussion of the Cough weakens all the Parts of the Body nor are they able to receive or retain the Alimentary Blood flowing through the Arteries sometimes loose sometimes compressed as they ought to do 2. Because that violent Agitation expells the Nourishment received before due Concoction by which means all the Parts of the Body are deprived of their due Nourishment and consequently must be very much weakned XI The appetite continues because the Stomach is in good order undisturbed by the Catarrhs the disturbance of its Concoction being only accidental XII He sleeps moderately because the Flegmatic humor falls not in the Night from the Head to the Breast besides that the rapid Motion of the Animal Spirits to the Organs of the Senses is for a while restrained by the Cold and Plenty of the Humors so that the Organs are at rest for a while for want of copious Spirits XIII Such a Cough as this threatens great danger by reason of the Saltness of the Catarrhs the Acrimony whereof in some Veins in the Lungs may be easily corroded and broken thence Spitting of Blood and Exulcerations Beside that the Cure is difficult by reason the cold ill Temper of the Brain and Lungs is of a long standing not easie to be removed XIV In the Method of the Cure 1. The vehemency of the Cough and the Acrimony of the Catarrhs is to be allay'd 2. The Teâ—…acity of the Spittle is to be attenuated concocted and brought to Maturation 3. The cold ill temper of the Lungs and Head is to be amended and the Parts to be Coroborated 4. The falling down of the Catarrhs to the Lungs is to be prevented XV. After Purgation with Chochiâ—… Pills or Golden Pills Electuary of Hiera Picra or Diaphâ—…con c. this Apozem is to be prescribed â„ž Roots of Elecampane Acorus Florence Orrice an â„¥ s. sliced Licorice Barley cleansed an â„¥ vj. Scabious Venus Hair White Hore-hound Betony Coltsfoot an M j. Oak of Jerusalem M. s. Iuniper-berrys â„¥ s. Seeds of Anise and Fennel an Ê’ ij Fat Figs No. ix Raisins cleansed â„¥ ij Water q. s. Boil them to lb j s. Add to the straining Syrup of Stoechas Horehound Oxymel Pectoral Magistral an â„¥ j. Mix them for an Apozem To which you may afterwards add for the swifter Consumption of the Flegm Sassaperil Sassafras and China-root Also the Patient may make use of this Looch â„ž Syrup of Hyssop Horehound Oxymel Magistral an â„¥ j. Syrup of Stoechas â„¥ s. Instead of which he may now and then take one of these Tablets â„ž Powder of the Root of Elecampane ℈ j. Florence Orice ℈ ij Licorice Ê’ j. Saffron gr xiv Sugar dissolved in Fennel-water â„¥ ij XVI If
hid about the Larynx Ossophagus and Chaps nevertheless a certain Redness extended it self toward the outward Parts adjoyning to them X. This is an acute and dangerous Disease which must be either speedily cured or sudden Death ensues for that the Inflamation and Tumor increasing will cause a Suffocation The Fever augments the Danger for that the Patient being not able to swallow any thing the internal Heat cannot be quenched by Drink nor the Debility of the Body be repaired by Nourishment However there is some hopes because the Inflamation does not lye altogether hid in the Miscles of the Larynx but extends it self to the outward Parts where Topicks may be applied besides that the Redness promises an Eruption of the Inflamation towards the outward Parts to the great Benefit of the Patient XI In the Method of Cure it is requisite 1. To hinder the violence of the Blood flowing to the Parts affected 2. To discuss the Blood already collected therein 3. To promote Maturation 4. To prevent Suffocation by Chyrurgery XII The first thing therefore to be done is to let Blood freely in the Arm. And if once letting Blood will not suffice to open a Vein in the other Arm and a third time if need require Also to draw a good quantity of Blood from the Frog-veins XIII In the mean time the Body is to be kept open with emollient Glisters XIV Let the Patient make frequent use of this emollient and discussing Gargarism â„ž Sliced Licorite Ê’iij Two Turneps of an indifferent bigness Scabious Violet Leaves Mallows Mercury Beets an M. j. Flowers of Camomil pale Roses an M. s. Citron Peels â„¥ s. Water q. s. Boil them to lbj. s. Add to the Straining Syrup of Dianucum â„¥ ij Diamorum â„¥ j. Honey of Roses â„¥ s. Mix them for a Gargarism If the Tumor seem to tend to Suppuration add thereto Cleansed Barley Ê’j s. Leaves of Althea M. j. s. Figgs n o ix XV. Outwardly apply this Cataplasm â„ž Root of white Lillies Ê’j s. Leaves of Beets Mallows Mercury Althea Flowers of Camomil an M. j. Pale Roses M. s. Fengreek Meal â„¥ j. s. The inner Part of one Swallows Nest powdered Water q. s. Boil them into the Form of a Poultis to which add Oyl of Camomil â„¥ ij Mix them for a Cataplasm If there be any likelihood of Maturation add thereto Fat Figs n o vij or viij Meal of the Root of Althea Hemp-seed Pulp of Cassia Oyl of Lillies an â„¥ j. XVI So soon as the Patient is able to swallow purge him gently with an Infusion of Rhubarb Pulp of Cassia Syrup of Roses solutive or of Succory with Rheon XVII Then give him this Julep for Drink â„ž Decoction of Barley lbj. s. Syrup of Diamoron Dianucum and Violets an â„¥ j. Oyl of Sulphur a little to give it a Sharpness Mix them for a Iulep XVIII If the Imposthume break let the Patient holding his Head down spew out the purulent Matter and cleanse the Ulcer with a Gargarism of the Decoction of Barley sweetned with Sugar Honey or Syrup of Horehound or Hyssop of which Syrups a Looch may be made Afterwards let him use a Gargarism of Sanicle Plantain Egrimony Cypress Nuts red Roses c. sweetned with Syrup of dry Roses and Pomegranates XIX If while these things are made use of the Difficulty of breathing increase so that a Suffocation may be feared before the Matter can be discussed or brought to maturity the last Remedy is Laryngotomic or Incision of the Larynx concerning which consult Casserius in his Anatomical History of the Voice Aquapendens in his Treatise De Perforatione Asperae Arteriae and Sennertus's Institutions L. 5. P. 1. Sect. 2. C. 7. XX. When the Patient can swallow let his Diet be Cream of Barley Amygdalates thin Chicken and Mutton Broth boiled with Lettice Endive Purslain Sorrel Damask Prunes c. Let his Drink be small Ale refrigerating Juleps and Ptisans Keep his Body soluble and quiet HISTORY VI. Of a Peripneumony or Inflammation of the Lungs A Strong Young Man having overheated himself with drinking Wine after Mid-night drank a Pint of cold Water and so exposing himself to the cold nocturnal Air went home Presently he felt a Difficulty of Breathing which every moment encreased without any acute Pain in the Breast However he felt a troublesome Ponderosity in the middle of his Breast toward the Left-side He had a little Cough which after molested him and caused him to spit bloody and frothy Matter but not much He had a great Redness upon his Cheeks About three or four Hours after a strong and continued Fever seized him with an extraordinary Drought and Dryness of his Mouth His Pulse beat strong thick and unequal and his Head pain'd him extreamly and his Difficulty of Breathing encreased to that degree that he was almost suffocated I. THE chief Part here affected was the Lungs especially the left Lobe as appeared by the difficulty of breathing and the heaviness in the middle of the Breast toward the Left-side By consequence also the Heart and the whole Body II. This Disease is called Peripneumonia which is an Inflamation of the Lungs with a continued Fever difficulty of Respiration and a ponderous trouble in the Breast III. A Plethora is the antecedent Cause of the Disease The next Cause is greater Redundancy of Blood forced into the Substance of the Lungs then is able to circulate The original Cause was too much overheating and too suddain refrigeration IV. The Wine overheated the Body thence a strong and thick Pulsation of the Heart by which the Blood attenuated by the Heat was rapidly forced through the Arteries into the Parts but being refrigerated by the actual Coldness of the Water drank and the in-breath'd Air and not able to pass through the obstructed Passages of the Pulmonary Veins and Arteries begets that remarkable Swelling accompanied with an Inflamation partly through the Encrease of the Blood partly by reason of its Corruption and violent Effervescency V. Now the Bronchia or Gristles of the Lungs being compressed by this Tumor of the Lungs the Respiration becomes difficult and that Difficulty more and more encreases because every Pulse adds some Blood to the Tumid Part. VI. Then because the Lungs being swelled and distended must needs be more heavy thence that troublesome Ponderosity is perceived in the Breast especially toward the Left-side because the Inflamation possesses the sinister Lobe However there is no great or acute Pain because there are no large Nerves in the Substance of the Lungs which therefore have no quick Sence of feeling and as for the inner Tunicle of the Bronchia which most acutely feels it is hardly affected with this Distemper only the sharp Heat of the putrifying Blood somewhat tickling it and the thinner Particles of the Blood being squeezed into it provoke a little Cough accompanied with a little spitting of Blood VII The Cheeks are red by reason of the spirituous Blood boiling in the Lungs
which insinuates it self and its Vapors into the spungy Substance of the Cheeks besides that there is a hot Exhalation from the inflam'd Lungs themselves with which fierce Vapors break forth out of the Chaps and lighting within the Mouth into the Cheeks make them much hotter and encrease the Redness VIII The continued Fever proceeds from the Blood putrifying in the Lungs and communicated continually to the Heart which did not appear at first till after three hours that the Blood being encreased in quantity and heat began to putrifie and be inflamed and then the Mouth became dry by reason of the fervid Exhalations drying the inside of the Mouth The Pulse was strong and thick by reason of the quantity and heat of the Blood Unequal because of the unequal Mixture of the putrid Particles sometimes more sometimes less communicated to the Heart IX At the beginning of the Fever the Difficulty of breathing encreased almost to Suffocation because of the greater quantity of Blood forced into the Heart by stronger Pustles partly because the Blood now putrifying and boiling in the Lungs wants more room and therefore causes a greater Compression and Contraction of the Bronchia X. The Pain in the Head is caused by the sharp Humors caused by the Wine excessively drank and vellicating the Membranes of the Brain partly by the hot Blood and its sharp Exhalation forced by the Motion of the Heart into the same Membranes somewhat chill'd by the Cold of the Nocturnal Air. XI This Disease is very dangerous by reason of the Difficulty of breathing and the Excess of the Fever Besides that the Bowel is affected which is next the Heart and without the use of which it cannot subsist XII Therefore in the Method of Cure a Vein is first to be opened in the Arm and a good quantity of Blood to be taken away and the same Bleeding to be repeated twice or thrice if need require which though it weaken the Party yet it is better he should be cured weak than die strong XIII In the mean time let his Belly be moved with some ordinary Glister as the Infusion of Rhubarb Syrup of Roses solutive Succhory with Rheon Decoction of Pruens or solutive Electuary Diaprunum or some such gentle Purgatives for stronger must be avoided XIV To quench his Thirst give him some such Julep ℞ Decoction of Barley lbj. s. Syrup of Poppy Rheas of Violets Pale Roses an ℥ j. XV. This Apozem may be prescribed to take of it three or four times a day ℞ Roots of Succory Colts-foot Asparagus Grass an ℥ j. Sliced Licorice ℥ s. Violet-leaves Endive Coltsfoot Lettice Venus Hair Borage an M. j. Flowers of Poppy Rheas p. ij Four greater Cold Seeds an ʒj Blew Currans ℥ j. Water q. s. Boyl them to lbj. s. Then add to the Straining Syrup of Poppy Rheas of Violets and pale Rases an ℥ j. For an Apozem Of the same Syrups equally mixt with a little Saffron added may be made a Looch to alleviate the Cough XVI If the Inflamation come to maturation which will appear by the purulent Spittle and the Diminution of the Fever then first let him take abstergent Apozems of Elecampane Horehound Hyssop Scabious c. also Looches of Syrup of Venus Hair Horehound Hyssop c. And when the Ulcer is sufficiently cleansed then come to Consolidation XVII Let the Patients Diet be Cream of Barley Chicken and Mutton Broth with cleansed Barley blew Currans Endive Lettice Damask Pruens and such like Ingredients boiled therein or Almond Milk For his Drink small Ale or the aforesaid Julep HISTORY VII Of Spitting Blood A Lusty Young Man accustomed to a salt hard and sharp Diet having many times exposed himself bare Headed to the Cold of the Winter Air and thence contracted first a terrible Pose with a heavy Pain in his Head was after molested with a violent Cough caused by sharp Catarrhs descending upon his Breast that brought him to spit up a great quantity of Blood and that not without some pain At first a Physitian being sent for let him Blood in the Arm and took away a good quantity which appeared cold very thin and ill coloured and something but very little coagulated the Blood-letting stopped his spitting of Blood for two days but afterwards it returned again His Appetite failed him and his strength decay'd but he had no Fever I. THE Primary Malady that afflicted this Man is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Sanguinis Sputum or spitting of Blood II. In general it is a Symptom of Excrements flowing from the Lungs and the Vessels belonging to it but the Disease which follows that Symptom is a Solution of the Continuum III. The Part Primarily affected is the Lungs with it's Vessels which appears by the Cough and the Blood spit out with the Cough which comes away without Pain because of the little sence of Feeling in the Lungs The Pose and falling down of the Catarrhs shew the Head to be affected in like manner Secundarily and the other Parts suffer nothing but only as they are wearied by the violence of the Cough and weakened by that and the Evacuation of the Blood IV. The anteceding Causes are the sharp and crude Humors descending from the Head to the Lungs which vellicating the respiratory Parts by their Acrimony cause a terrible Cough and by their Corrosion a Solution of the Continuum The Original Causes are the External Cold the obstruction of the Pores of the Head and what ever others that cause a Collection of crude Humors or an endeavour to expel them being colected V. Disorderly Diet and ill Food bred a great quantity of bad and sharp Humors in the Body and made the Blood it self thin and sharp hence many sharp Vapors were carry'd to the Head which wont to be evacuated through the usual Passages and Pores which being stopped and contracted by the Cold the Humors likewise condensed with their viscous Slime beset the Spongy-bones of the Nostrils and so caused the Pose which was attended with a heavy Pain in the Head while the detained Humors distended the Membranes of the Brain afterwards descending to the Aspera Arteria and Lungs they induced a violent Cough and Corrosion of the Vessels upon which ensued a Solution of the Continuum while the Vessels were broken and opened by the Violence of the Cough VI. That the Blood abounded with bad and sharp Humors appeared from hence that being let out of the Veins it was thin and ill colored VII This spitting of Blood returned again because that when the opened Vessels are emptied there is some time required before they can be filled again but no sooner are they swelled with more Blood but it bursts out as before VII Now the reason why the Blood stopped for two days after the Blood-leting was because by that Evacuation the Heart was debilitated and the Pustles grew weaker so that less Blood was forced out of the right Ventricle
a Swooning Fit VII Therefore a Person thus affected ought never to Travel without a sufficient Provision of strong Wine and Food along with him that he may have his Weapons ready to resist the suddain Invasion of his Enemy VIII Moreover let him be gently Purged with Electuary of Hier a Piora Cochia or Ruffi Pills avoiding strong Purgations or if he be easie to Vomit let him take a Vomit of Asarabacca IX To strengthen the Ventricle and Spleen and mend Concoction let him take this Apozem ℞ Roots of Elecampane Tamarisch Capers an ʒ vj. Galangal ℥ s. Germander Dodder Agrimony Ceterach Baum an M. j. Leaves of Lawrel M. s. Orange Peels ℥ s. Iuniper-berries ʒ vj. Fennel-seed ʒ ij s. Blew Currans ℥ j. s. Water and Wine equal Paris Make an Apozem of lb j. s. To the same purpose also let him take this Conditement ℞ Specier Diambrae Abbots Diarrhodon an ʒ j. Elecampane Roots and Orange Peels Candy'd Conserve of Anthos and Flowers of Sage an ℥ s. Syrup of Elecampane q. s. For a Conditement X. Let his Dyet be of good and easie Nourishment and Digestion Mutton Lamb Veal Pullets and River-fish the Broaths of which must be prepared with Rosemary Betony Anise and Fennel-seed Nutmegs Cloves Wild Carrots c. Let his Drink be clear Ale and middling Wine Moderate Exercise and Sleep HISTORY II. Of a Canine Appetite A Maid about Thirty Years of Age of a Melancholy and somewhat Pensive Disposition accustomed to Salt Acid Sowre smoaked Meats of hard digestion for a whole Year was troubled with an insatiable hunger without Swooning All manner of Victuals she devoured most greedily but drank moderately after it when her Belly was full her hunger never ceased but was somewhat abated After eating she flung up all again which in a short time became so Sowre in her Stomach that the Sowre smell offended the standers by and the Maid her self confess'd that they came up sharper then juice of Limons After that Evacuation she fell to again and then again brought up what she had eaten and day and night she would have done nothing but eat and Vomit had not her Poverty enjoyned her a most troublesome and tedious abstinence in the mean time however she grew very Lean. I. THIS Distemper is called Canina Appetentia or a Cane or Dog-like Appetite Which is an unsatiable Hunger without swooning proceeding from an acid ill Temper of the Inferior Stomach wherein the Nourishment so greedily devoured is presently cast up again and then other Nourishment devoured without any abatement of Hunger II. It differs from a Bulimia for that there is a Prostration of the strength without Vomiting but many times with Swooning in the other there is Vomiting without any signal weakning of the Body III. The Ventricle of this Maid was affected especially in the lower Part. IV. The containing Cause is an acid and viscous Humor bred through the defect of the Spleen and infused in the Ventricle which vellicating the Ventricle with it's acidity causes an insatiable Appetite after all sorts of Nourishment to appease that Vellication Which Nourishment being infected by the Humors with the same acidity causes the Vellication to be more troublesome upon which great plenty of Spirits being determined to the Inferior Fibres of the Ventricle causes a Contraction of the lower Tunicles of the Ventricle and so by the help of the Muscles of the Abdomen a strong Expulsion of the Nourishment received which not being able to dissolve or eject the acid Humor still firmly impacted in the Tunicles of the Ventricle which is rather fomented by the Spleen it happens that the same raging Hunger still continues after Vomiting V. There is no Swooning in this case because there is no great consent between the lower Part of the Ventricle and the Heart and Brain VI. Because this Raging hunger accompany'd with Vomiting hinders due Nutrition and Atrophy and wast of the Natural strength is to be feared VII In the Cure the Body is osten to be Purged with Aloes Hiera Picra Infusion of Agaric and other bitter things and two or three Vomits with Leaves of Asarabacca VIII Then such things are to be prescrib'd which corroborate and cleanse the Ventricle and Spleen and promote Concoction by consuming the acid Crudities such as are prescribed against the Bulimia and the same Dyet must be observed HISTORY III. Of Difficult Concoction of the Ventricle A Certain Person Forty Years of Age accustomed to Salt Smoaked Acid Meats and of hard Digestion after he had struggled with a Quartain Intermitting Ague for Eight Months at length being freed from that slowly recovered strength because his Ventricle difficultly digested the nourishment which it received for that after Meals he was troubled with a great distention in the Region of the Ventricles and Hypochondriums which was eased sometimes by sending forth violent and loud Belches and the fewer of those he sent forth the more he was troubled Sometimes he did not belch at all and then he felt his Meat to fluctuate in his Stomach and the next day he threw it up raw and unconcocted with some relief of his trouble and so he remained free as long as his Stomach was empty but after feeding the same molestation returned His Urine was thick and pale with a copious sediment thick and palish No Fever could be perceived but his Pulse was weak and unequal and his natural strength decay'd I. HERE the Ventricles which performs the first Concoction and Chylification was infected which occasioned a difficult Concection of the Nourishment by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 proceeding from a cold ill Temper of the Ventricle and chylifying Bowels II. Ehe Proximate Cause of this Evil is the unaptness of the Ferment to promote fermentaceous Concoction in the Ventricle by reason the subacid and saltish Particles of it are less fixed and not reduced to that fluxibility and tenuity as to penetrate the Particles of the Aliments stir up the Spirits latent therein and separate them from the thicker mass III. That defect of the Ferment is contracted through the depraved and over-cold disposition of the chylifying Bowels the Liver Spleen and Sweet-bread for which reason they do not sufficiently concoct the Ferment which is to be prepared nor reduce it to a due fluxibility and tenuity but make it over-fix'd and crude which being communicated to the whole Body begets Crudities 1. In the Blood which is therefore difficultly and unequally dilated in the Heart so that few and those thicker both Vital and Animal Spirits are generated whence a decay of Strength and dejection of the Mind 2. In the Salival Kernels of the Chaps and others of the Head where the fermentaceous falival Juice being bred raw and so falling into the Stomach becomes unfit to make a due Fermentation of the Nourishment And the same is to be said of all the other sermentaceous Juices flowing through the Choler-receiving and Pancreatic-Channel into the Duodenum and
Secondines suppressed 91 Sennertus of the Small-pox 6 Sheeps-dung expells the Measles 38 Small-pox may sometimes scize the same Person twice or thrice 32 Small-pox and Measles both together 39 Smelling lost 200 201 Sower things hurtful in the Small-pox 15. b Spitting of Blood 89 110 222 Spleen obstructed 55 137 144 Stomach decayed 84. Fowled 161 Stone 131 Strength of Imagination 29. a Sudorificks how to be used in the Small-pox 15. a Superfetation 114 Suppression of the Courses 48 Swelling in the Fore-head by a Fall 97 Swoonings dangerous unless the Pox appear presently 31. a A Syncope 226 T. Of the Therapeutics Cure 10 Thunder-strook 157 Timorous People must avoid coming near those that are sick of the Small-pox 30. a Topicks when useless 23 a. When useful 33. a Toothach 43 65 202 Trembling 188 Tumors in the Mouth 204 205 V. Virgins Milk proper to take off the red unseemly Colour 23. a Vomiting 77. With pain in the Stomach 155 Urine suppressed 58 88 Uterine Suffocation 121 159 FINIS Definition of Anatomy Subject Different consideration of the Body Generally Difference of shape Difference of Stature Very tall People Dwarfs Difference of colour Particular consideration of the body Definition of a part What continuity is What a function is What vse 〈◊〉 Things that make up the whole Where the humors spirits be parts of the Body Actions proceed from Solids Solids 〈◊〉 not without the humors Division the 〈◊〉 Spermatic Sanguine and Mixt. Dissimilar Parts Organical Parts Parts not Organic Principal Parts Subservient parts Noble Ignoble The uppermost Venter or Cavity The middle Venter The lowermost Venter Limbs A Division of the Work Nomina The lower Venter Epigastrium The Region of the Navel Hypogastrium The Share Perinaeum Loyns Buttocks Abdomen The containing parts Cuticle Sometimes double Original The Use. The Skin It s Substance The Difference Whether the Instrument of Feeling The Temper The Figure Motion Nourishment and Vessels The Pores Hair Colour The Use. Fat The Substance The efficient Causes Fat Kernâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 thâ—… The Temperament Whether it has any peculiar Membrane The Fatty Membrane Whether any part of the Body Colour The Plenty of it Aâ—…eps or Suet. The 〈◊〉 Pannicle Situation Connexion Colour Zas's absurd Opinion of the vse The Membrane of the Muscles The Bones Muscles Oblique descending The Linea Alba. Obliquely Ascending Musculi Recti The Pyramidal Muscles Their Office Transverse Muscles The Action of the Muscles of the Abdomen The Peritonaeum It s Duplicity Its Vessels The Caul The Description It s Substance and Connexion Its Vessels It s Interweaving The Gladules Corpora adiposa It s Situation The Bigness The Weight It s vse The Stomach Definition Membranes Fibres The inner Tunicle Temperament The Number Figure Situatiâ—… The Bigness The Bottom The Stomach The Pylorus The Vessels Its Nerves Its Arteries Its Veins Vas breve It carrys nothing from the Spleen to the Ventricle The Triangular Space It is moveable Wounds of the Stomach mâ—…tal A rare Observation That Stones grow in the Ventricle It s Action The Chyle The manner of Concoction Fermentation twofold The manner of Fermentation The force of Fermentation The reason of Chylification The Colour of the Chyle Whether it may be red What iâ—… Hunger Whether from sucking Whether from an acid Iuice Whether from the Iuices of the Arteries A Story The truâ—… Cause An Objection Canine Appeâ—…ite The Ferment What is the chylifying Heat The manner of Chylification The time for Chylification Fat things abate hunger The 〈…〉 diments and 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 The Order of Chyliâ—…ication The Order of Meats An Objection Whether Choler be generated in the Stomach a To wiâ—… that serous or lymphatick Iuice of which Choler by means of the Fermentum in the Gall. Bladder iâ—… bred See more hereof in Synopsis Medicinae l 4. c. 8. Sect. 10. § 14. ad 36. Salmon * This is to be understood 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 before â—…pressed 〈◊〉 we have hinted iâ—… the Mâ—…rgin of the former Pâ—…ragraph Salmon Whether part of the Chylus be carried to the Spleen * How true this Passage is I leave to those who have read what I have formerly â—…it in my Synophs Medicinae l 4. c. 8. sect 10. § 14. ad 36 but besides what we have there spoken we have had several Iâ—…cterical Patients in whom none of this has bin true but their Stools have bin as numerous as before and in some more numerous and in most of them of as good a colour as formerly Moreover I have near a hundred times seen the Excrements Chylous white and sometimes like Clay void of all manner of reddish or yellowish Colour yet the Person not only free from the yellow Iaundice but also in good Health Salmon Whether the Chylus enters the Gastric Veins â—…he use of 〈◊〉 Chylus A second â—…igression Whether aâ—… parts are 〈◊〉 by the Chylus The 〈◊〉 Whether they dâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the râ—…king the Chyle The length The reason of the length Their Circumference Their Substance and Tunicles Whether they have an attractive force Nerves and Arteries Veins The Milly Vessels Temperament Their 〈◊〉 Their Motion An Observation 1. 2. The Division The thin Gut The Duodenum The Substance Situation The Jejunum Situation and bigness The Ilium Gut Situation and bigness The thick Guts The blind Gut Connexion The Use. Situatir It s Ligament Connexion Bauhinus's Valves The Use. The Intestinum Rectum The Bigness Connexion The Fundament Haemorrhoid Veins Arteries Nerves Situatiâ—… and vse The Division Membranes Bigness â—… Shape â—…ts Rise It s Kernels The use of the Kernels Observ. 〈◊〉 Observ. 〈◊〉 Observ. 3. The Opinion of Riolanus Its Nerves Its Arteries Itâ—… Veins Milkie Vessels The definition and situation Shape Connexion It s Substance It s Colour It s bigness It s weight Its Nerves Arteries Veins Lymphatic Vessels The Exit of the Chanel Whether the Chanel be an Artery The Office of the Sweetbread A Digression The use of the Sweet-bread Iuice The Generation of the panoreatic Iuice The Effervescency of the Choler 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Name The Description The Original How they pass the Glandules Their Valves Their Use. A Proof The impulsive Cause Whether 〈◊〉 Chylus â—…e attracted The Description The Great Lymphatic Chanel The Discoverers The Receptacle of the Chyle The Receptacle of the Lympha The Number The Shape The Bigness The Wiâ—…ness Ductus Chyliferus of the Breast Two Chanels Two or more Receptacles of the Chyle The Insertion Its Valves The way to discover it Lewis de Bill's Circle The vse The ascent of the Chylus The impulsive Cause Whether the whole Chylus ascend to the Subclavial Whether the whole Chylus ascend through the Mesaraic Veins to the Liver The Definition The Discoverers The Names The Substance Their Number Colour and Shape Their Valves Bils's Error Their Situation Their Rise From the Lungs Their Insertion into several Parts Their Insertion inthe Veins Bils's Error Whether the Lympha be the same with the
20. as also Iulius Casserius de Org. Visus and Plempius in his Ophthalmographia CHAP. XVIII Of the Organs of Hearing and Hearing it self I. AS the Eyes the Beholder of the wonderful Works of the Supream Deity and the Discoverers of what is to be desired or avoided are placed in the upper part of the Body so for the understanding of Wisdom and all sorts of Knowledge the Organs of Hearing are placed on each side not far from them in Latin Aures by the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to give us notice of imminent Good or Evil which cannot be discern'd by the Eye either in the Dark or through the Interposition of thicker Bodies or the distance of the Place seated in a high part of the Body the more easily to receive the Twirlings and Circulations of the Air in Motion diffuss'd through the upper Parts of the wide Concavity II. The Supream Architect created two perhaps that if any Defect should befall the one the other might supply its Office or else be placed one on each side of the Temples for the better distinguishing of Sounds on the Right or Left Side of the Body The outward Part expanded like a winnow which is not primary but an assisting Organ of Hearing first collecting and receiving Sounds is by the Greeks properly call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latins Auris the upper parts of which are call'd Wings by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but the lower and soft Lobe of the lower Auricle retains the ancient Name of Lobus still III. The Ears of Men are but small semicircular and neatly fram'd and fashion'd with various Protuberances and Concavities in which the sound being receiv'd together with the Air it does not presently slip out again but stops a little and is somewhat broken to the end that thence it may the 〈◊〉 directly and with less Violence enter the inner most Caverns of the Ear. Insomuch that they who are depriv'd of this part by any unfortunate Wound hear much less distinctly and with more confusion receiving the Sounds of Words like the Murmuring of a Stream Hence it is that they who are Deafish clap the Hollow of their Hands to receive a louder Sound of the Air in Motion for the greater benefit of their Hearing IV. Of these Protuberances the outermost by reason of its winding and turning Figure is called Helix and the other opposite to it Anthelex that which looks toward the Temples because it is hairy in some People like a Goats Beard is call'd Tragus or Hircus and the Part opposite to it to which the lower Auricle is appendent is call'd Antitragus which is also hairy in some People V. The innermost of the Cavities which is as it were the Porch of the Auditory Passage it self by reason of the yellow Excrement therein contracted is by some call'd Alvearium the outermost which is the bigger from its winding and turning Concha by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the third which is comprehended between the Helix and Anthelix has hitherto no peculiar Name allow'd it VI. From the Shape and Bigness of the outward Ear the Ancients have drawn several Observations Aristotle and Galen makes Ears of a moderate bigness and arrected to be a Sign of the best sort of Men. Polemon Loxus Adamantius and Albert asserts that Quadrangular and Simicircular Ears of a moderate Magnitude declare a Man Stout Honest and of great Parts Large Ears denote Sotrishness Imprudence and Talkativeness but a great Memory and moreover they presage a long Life as Rases and Pliny relate out of Aristotle Very small Ears testifie a Fool a Person of ill Condition thievish and Libidinous as Aristotle Galen and Polemon relate Short and extended Ears as in Dogs as also short and compressed both are Signs of Folly according to Polemon Adamantius and Albert out of Loxus Long and narrow Ears shew a Man envious and wicked according to Polemon Albert and Conciliator Ears over-round and not well hollowed betoken a Man Indocible but when hollowed exactly a Person docible as the same Authors testifie When the inferior Lobe of the Ear is joyn'd to the Flesh of the Jaw-bone it signifies a vain Fool by the Testimony of Avicen VII The Ear consists of various Parts of which some are common others proper The common Parts are the Cuticle a very thin Skin and a nervous Membrane under it and a little Fat in the Inferior Lobe The proper Parts are a Gristle Muscles and Vessels VIII The Gristle constituting the upper and larger Part of the Ear to keep the Ear expanded and open sticks fast to the Stony-bone by means of a strong Ligament arising from the Pericranium For this reason in Men it is almost immovable and there are few Men can move their Ears at Pleasure though Schenkius brings some few Examples out of others which Motion is perform'd by the benefit of four Muscles only Casserius talks of six which are very slender and being hardly conspicuous rest upon this Gristle which Galen by reason of their extraordinary slenderness calls the Lineaments of the Muscles IX The first of these Muscles common to the Ear and both Lips drawing the Ear downward to the side is implanted in the Root of it under the Lobe and is part of the slender four-square Muscle moving the Cheeks and Skin of the Face The second lying upon the Temple Muscle and moving the Ear upward and forward descends near the beginning of the Muscle of the Front and being made narrower by degrees is inserted into the upper part of the Ear. The third raising the Ear though very little toward the hinder Parts rises above the Mamillary Process with a narrow beginning from the hinder part of the Head and then becoming broader sometimes with two sometimes with three Tendons enters the Root of the hinder Gristle The Fourth being of the same use with the former and proceeding with a broad Original from the Mamillary Process vanishes into a Tendon of which there are some that make three Insertions into the Root of the Gristle In Cows Horses and several other Brutes these Muscles are large and frequently more which is the reason those Creatures move their Ears very strongly and are able by that means to shake of Flies and whatever else proves troublesome to those Parts X. The Vessels belonging to the Ear are threefold 1. Little Arteries from the Carotides of which one that is bigger than the rest creeping through the Tragus and Anthelix and ascending the upper part of the Iaw affords vital Blood to each of the Teeth with which sharp Humors sometimes flowing down are the cause of most cruel Pains in the Teeth which we have seen wonderfully cur'd by an actual Cautery to this shooting forth of the Arteries in the Anthelix which is observ'd by Bauhinus And Riolanus reports that he saw a Person at Paris
who got a great deal of Money by this way of Cure as we observed another who practised the same Cure in Gelderland 2. Very small diminutive Veins that run from the Ear to the Jugulars 3. Two little Nerves that creep from the second Pair of the Pith of the Neck along the sides and hinder Region of the Ear to which is joyned a small Branch from the harder Portion of the fifth Pair proceeding through the Blind-hole XI Without side there stands adjoyning to the Ears various little Kernels thick and remarkable call'd Parotides not only behind the Ears but also under the Ears and upon each side Between these two of a considerable bigness resting almost one upon another Of which the lesser by Sylvius and Stenonis is called Conglobata the larger composed of many glandulous Fragments is called Conglomerata and both manifestly demonstrated by Stenonis in the Head of a Calf These Kernels support the ascending Vessels and because they receive the serous Humors separated from the Arterious Blood and send them down through certain lymphatic and salival Vessels and sometimes heap together a great quantity of flegmatic Filth hence they are vulgarly called the Emunctories of the Brain Besides these in the Space below the lower Jaw there are several other Kernels wherein several Distempers breed which however are not described under the Name of Parotides but by Wharton are called Iugulars Of these there is a great number but all very small Nor are they seated only in the Neck but descend to the Thorax from the Pen-resembling Process along the lower Seat of the Jaw by the sides of the Thyroides between the Spine and the Pectoral Vessels and are so far conspicuous in new born Infants but scarce visible in Persons of mature Age. Of these Steno discourses very accurately in his Anatomic Observations XII The inner Part of the Organ of hearing is contain'd in the Process of the Bone of the Temples partly for the safer Defence to prevent the Injuries of accidental Violence by reason of the hardness of the Place partly for the better preservation of the Sound for which this place is most proper by reason of its hardness and dryness In this lower part there are several things that occur to be considered that is to say several Cavities of which four are called by peculiar Names The Auditory Passage the Tympanum or Drum the Labyrinth and the Cochlea also the Membrane of the Tympanum two Muscles four little Bones the Air contain'd and the Vessels XIII The Auditory Passage is said to be that same Den which beginning from the Shell of the extream part of the Ear tends toward the inner Parts and is cloathed with a slender Skin and Pericranium to the very Brinks of the Tympanum It ascends somewhat upward with a winding Course partly to prevent any thing from crouding from without into the Air and to hinder these things which are slipt in or gathered together withinside from being carried easily downward Partly that the more vehement Impulse of the mov'd Air may be somewhat broken and so strike the Tympanum with less sorce XIV In this Passage some yellow choleric bitter thick viscous Humors happen to be gathered together resembling the softer sort of Wax by the Ancients call'd Cerumina and by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the Colour of which resembling Wax the Passage is call'd the Bee-hive or Alveare and by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 XV. Withinside toward the end of the Auditory Passage a certain nervous Membrane orbicular and pellucid is observed as to its Situation obliquely looking downward like the inner Covering of the Ear which by reason of the little Nerves that it receives and which proceed under it feels most exactly and is thin and very dry to the end it may sound the better yet somewhat thick and sufficiently fâ—…rm to the end it may not easily suffer damage from the Air crouding in XVI This Membrane is by Hippocrates called the Pellicle or little Skin of the Auditory Passage by Aristotle the Meninx by Galen the Covering but by the Neoterics by reason of the Cavity under it the Membrane of the Tympanum XVII Iulius Casserius believes this Membrane arises from the Pericranium others ascribe its Original to the Pia others the Dura Mater others to the little nervous Pair of the fifth Conjugation expanded Bauhinus thinks it consists of its own proper Substance different from other Membranes and therefore that it derives its Original from no other but is generated out of the Seed in the first formation of the Parts Or if it must be said to proceed from any other part that then it ought to be deduced from the Periosteum to which in the Head of an Infant it is seen to stick very close For which reason it seems to Veslingius to be a certain Expansion of the Periostium who likewise reports the same to be sometimes observed double and to be frequently covered with a little Crust from the Excrements condensed about it XVIII It adheres to the Orbit or surrow of the bony Ring that lyes under it though in the upper Region of the auditory passage there be a broader connexion whence it happens to be somewhat bow'd in the middle to the end the sound may be the better and more perfectly receiv'd in that kind of Concavity XIX But to the end it may more loudly resound there is stretched over the back of a certain strike like the strings that goes cross a Drum This the Anatomists generally report to be transversly annexed to it But Iulius Casserius has well observ'd that this same string is neither annexed to it â—…or extended under all of it but scarcely under a Third Part. XX. Anatomists are at variance about the Nature of this string Bauhinus thinks it to be either a Nerve or a Ligament or else a mixture of both Eustachius says it is a little Nerve from both the small branches of the fourth Paire Vesalius affirms it to be a Nervous Body Volcherus Coiter agrees with Bauhinus with Vesalius accords Fallopius and Casserius from whom Rolfincius seems not to vary XXI It is indu'd with two slender little Muscles for the motion of the small Bones Or as Riolanus will rather have it to limit the bending backward and forward of the Membrane of the Tympanum Which motion is manefestly perceiv'd when the Ears are erected to hearken more attentively after any thing Of these one which is external arising with a broader beginning from the upper and more inward Cavity of the Auditory Passage and by degrees becoming more contracted and contiguous with a most slender Tendon to the Membrane of the Tympanum is carry'd as far as the little Hammer extending the Membrane together with the Hammer upward and outward The way to find this out Eustachius describes in these words Cut the Stony-bone in that place where it is mark'd with a
℈ j. Diagridion gr iiij with Syrup of Stoechas Make up vij Pills XI To evacuate the Humor contained in the Ventricles of the Brain make use of this Errhine ℞ Iuice of Mercury Marjoram an ℥ s. of Beets ʒj s. Or else instead of this take the following Sternutory ℞ Roots of Pellitory White Hellebore Leaves of Marjoram an ℈ j. black Pepper gr v. For a Powder XII To strengthen the Head open the Pores and dissipate the cold Humor prepare this Quilt ℞ Leaves of Rosemary Marjoram Sage an M. s. Flowers of Lavender Melilot red Roses an one small Handful Nutmegs Cloves an ℈ j. Frankincense Mastich an ʒj Beat them into a gross Powder for a silken Cap. XIII Also lay this Plaister upon both Temples ℞ Frankincense Mastich an ℈ j. Sagapen Tacamahacca an ℈ j. s. Mix them and spread them upon black Silk Nor will it be amiss to make use of Conditements and Cephalic Apozems of Marjoram Rosemary Sage Betony Conserves of Anthos Sage c. Tobacco also taken in a Pipe is an excellent Remedy XIV Let the Patient also frequently wash his Mouth with this Decoction warm ℞ Root of sharp pointed Dock ℥ j. Male Piony ℥ s. Marjoram Sage Hyssop Thyme Betony Rosemary an M. j. Fennel and Aniseseed an ʒij Wine q. s. Boil them to lb j. XV. After he has washed his Mouth let him put into the Hollow of the Tooth with a little Cotton one Drop of Oyl of Basil or Cloves In extremity of Pain a little Spirit of Wine may be held in the Mouth to the Teeth affected But this is not to be done often for fear of hurting the Lungs XVI To divert the Humor apply a Vesicatory behind the Ear or in the Neck and keep it open for some time XVII These Remedies not availing in extremity of Pain give the Patient toward Evening three grains of Opiate Laudanum in a Pill or thirteen grains of the Mass of Cynogloss Pills or two or three Scruples of Philonium Romanum XVIII Let his Diet be condited with hot Cephalics avoiding all salt sharp and acid Diet that fill the Head with Vapors Let his Drink be small Let him sleep long exercise moderately and keep his Body open HISTORY XXIII Of those Tumors in the Mouth called Aphtae A Woman of about thirty years of Age was taken with a continued Fever accompanied with an extraordinary Faintness yet without any vehement Heat or great Thirst which in two days had brought her extreamly low Her Pulse beat slow and unequal Her Urine was like that of a Man in perfect Health So that she complained of no excessive Pain in any Part but of an extraordinary Weakness of her whole Body which was such that she could not sit upright in her Bed The fourth Day she perceived a Difficulty to Swallow so that her Drink would not go down her Throat and Gullet without Pain Trouble and Impediment At the same time her Palate Gums Tongue and Chaps were full of little white Pustles without number Her Taste was also so far gone that she relished nothing that she eat I. THis Woman was seized with a Malignant Fever accompanied with Aphtae which are certain Exulcerations in the upper part of the Mouth with an extraordinary Heat II. The Anteceding Cause were putrid Humors sharp and malignant contained in the Body which being attenuated by the feverish Heat and carried through the Arteries and occult Passages to the Mouth and causing an Exulceration therein constitute the next Cause III. That these Pustles proceed from a certain malignant putrid Humor is plain from the putrid malignant Fever preceding and joyned with them The Malignity of which appeared by the Faintness and Decay of Strength which the Patient endured whereas a Fever seems to shew no such manifest Causes of so much Weakness Then again that it was a flegmatic Humor appeared by the lesser Heat of the Fever and the whiteness of the Pustles IV. This Humor attenuated by the Fever and coming sharp to the Mouth exulcerated the inner rather than the other Parts as the Palate Tongue Gums c. because they are cloathed with only a thin and soft Pellicle which are easily exulcerated by sharp and putrid Humors whereas the former Parts more easily resist the Corruption V. Now because that Pellicle which covers the inner Parts of the Mouth extends it self through the Jaws and Gullet to the Stomach Hence also the Gullet was beset with the same Pustles which caused that Difficulty of Swallowing and painful going down of the Drink VI. Her Taste was lost because the inner Pellicle of the Mouth into which the Gustatory Nerves are inserted and by means of which the Taste happens was so full of those little Ulcers that the Gustable Objects could not come to it Besides that the Tongue being grieved by the Ulcers and infected with bad Humors could not well judge of Savors VII These Pustles are more a Sign than a Cause of danger For they indicate a malignant and dangerous Fever upon the Cure of which their Cure depends VIII The Body therefore being well purged and Blood being taken away and other convenient Remedies administred the Mouth of the Patient must be gargarized with this Decoction ℞ Barley cleansed Roots of Snakeweed Tormentil an ℥ s. Licorice sliced ʒiij Plantain Purslain Knot-grass Oak-leaves an M. j. Flowers of Mallows red Roses Pomegranates an M. s. Water q. s. Make a Decoction to lb j. Add Syrup of Mulberries and Dianucum an ℥ j. s. Mix them for a Gargle IX After she has well gargled her Mouth let her lick and wash the inside of her Mouth with this Syrup ℞ Syrup of Quinces sowre Pomegranates and dry Roses an ℥ j. X. If the Pain grow sharper let her hold new Milk in her Mouth or rather Whey and change it often Then let her lick Syrup of Quinces or dry Roses alone and rowl her Tongue about her Mouth especially when the Pustles are broken XI Let her Diet be refrigerating and such as resists Putrefaction her Drink small or else Ptisans and let her be sure to keep her Body soluble HISTORY II. Of the Aphtae Pustles AN Infant of two months old when the Mothers Milk failed was put to a Nurse of a choleric Temper but otherwise healthy and abounding with Blood and Milk After the Infant had suckt this Woman eight days it began to vomit up curdled Milk mixed with choleric and flegmatic Humors slept unquietly and voided much yellow and green Excrement At last the Mouth of it was full of white Pustles so that through Pain it could suck no longer though it seemed very desirous of the Breast In the mean time there was no manifest Fever nor alteration of the Pulse I. THE Cause of these Pustles was the Nurses serous hot and sharp Milk which the weak Stomach of the Infant could not well concoct but bred much Choler from which sharp Vapors ascending to the Mouth exulcerated the tender Pellicles of the Inner Part of
the Mouth II. That there was a great quantity of Choler was apparent from the yellow and green Colour of the Excrements III. The Milk was curdled in the Stomach by reason of the Acrimony of the Choler and the Crudities there bred It was vomited up curdled because Nature being oppress'd with that and other crude Humors and provoked by the Acrimony endeavoured as much as it could to cast of that Molestation by vomiting IV. There was no Fever because the Choler was not yet corrupted nor was carried to the Vena Cava but as yet was voided sufficiently upwards and downwards V. The Infant could suck no longer because the Pain of the Pustles was exasperated by sucking But it desired the Breast to allay the Heat of the Mouth with the Moisture of the Milk VI. These Aphties newly come and without a Fever are easily cured but being delayed there may be danger of a more deep and fatal Exulceration and that a Flux of the Belly and Fever will ensue upon Corruption of the Choler VII In the Cure the Nurse is chiefly to be considered who by reason of her choleric Constitution breeds sharper Milk than the Infant is able to concoct Then the Infant it self is to be considered VIII Therefore the Nurse is to be purged more than once or twice with Choler-purging Medicaments next to be let Blood And some refrigerating Apozem to be given her of Succory Endive Lettice Borage Sorrel Tamarinds the four greater Cold seeds and the like Also steep three drams of Rhubarb ty'd up in a linnen Rag in a pint of small Ale and let her drink it twice or thrice a Week which will not only purge her but the Child IX Let her Meat be condited with Barley cleansed Endive Lettice Asparagus Pomâ—…citrons Cherries red Currants c. Let her forbear Onions Radishes Mustard Spices and all hot things as Honey and Sugar Her Drink must also be small avoiding Wine Mead and all hot and windy Drinks X. Wash the Infants Mouth often with Syrup of Mulberries and Quinces or of dry Roses or sower Pomegranates c. Also give it in a Spoon some thin Broth or Panada wherein Currans have been boiled till they break with a little Sugar XI If these things avail not the Nurse must be changed and one more proper for the Constitution of the Infant must be sought out HISTORY XXIV Of the Tumor breeding under the Tongue called Ranula A Woman about thirty years of age accustomed to feed upon a flegmatic Diet complained of a great Impediment in her Speech otherwise every way healthy Under her Tongue appeared a soft loose indolent Tumor of the same Colour with the Membranes under the Tongue full of Blackish Veins manifestly distinguished at the String of the Tongue into the Right and Left Part on both sides about the bigness of a Nutmeg and rising in height above the Teeth and by filling the Mouth forcing up the Tongue to the Palate and so not only hindring the Speech but incommoding the Act of Swallowing This Tumor at first no bigger than a Tare grew bigger and bigger every day so that in three or four weeks it swelled to the bigness aforesaid and the Patient not without reason was afraid of a Suffocation I. THis Disease by the Greeks is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latins Ranula either because it somewhat resembles a Frog or rather because they that are troubled with it instead of speaking are forced to croak like Frogs II. This Ranula is a soft and loose Tumor gathered under the Tongue and divided at the Bridle of the Tongue into a Right and Left Part. III. The Extremities of the Salival Channels lying hid under the Tongue are affected in this Distemper which together with the Membrane of the Tongue that rests upon them are distended by the Spittle or thicker Slime and hence become so big IV. Now why they swell'd in this Woman more now than at other times was because of the cooling Aliments to which she had long accustomed her self which had bred a more copious crude and viscous Flegm which partly falling upon the Salival Channels and not being able to pass the Pores of the Frogresembling Kernels augmented within them and distending them with it abundance formed a soft Swelling as it were cohering into two Bladders and distinguished by the Bridle of the Tongue V. Without doubt this Tumor was not a little augmented because the extream Pores of those Channels and Kernels were also obstructed by some external Cause as washing the Mouth with cold Water or astringent Meats and Drinks by which means the Spittle had not free Passage VI. The Humor was soft and loose by reason of the Humor contained therein Indolent because it lies in a moist Part where by reason of the small quantity of Nerves which it receives the Feeling is very obtuse It is of the same Colour with the rest of the Membranes because there is no Inflammation to dye it of another Colour And it was augmented in a small time because the Passage of the Salival Slime was obstructed VII The Danger of this Distemper is not great if taken in time otherwise there may be some fear of a Suffocation VIII Such a Patient must be purged every fifth or sixth day with Pill Cochiae or Golden Pills Diaphoenicon Hiera Picra Diacarthamum Infusion of Agaric or any other Flegm purging Medicine IX To abate the quantity of Flegm and hinder the Generation of it between the days of purging Apozems of the Roots of Elecampane Acorus Calamint Fennel Thyme Rosemary Marjoram Hyssop Wind-expelling Seeds c. and Conditments and Powders of the same to strengthen the Bowels X. And at the same time Topics may be applied to cut and attenuate the viscous Humor and open the Pores of the Salival Channels XI The Patient also may wash her Mouth with this Decoction â„ž Hyssop Calamint Marjoram Flowers of Camomil an M. j. Anise and Fennel-seed Ê’iij White-wine q. s. Boil them to lbj To the Straining add Syrup of Hore-hound and Hyssop an Ê’vj XII After washing let the Ranulae be rubbed with this Powder â„ž Dry Hyssop Common Salt an Ê’ij Calamint and Root of Elecampane an Ê’j for a Powder XIII If these things will not discuss the Tumor it must be Chyrurgions Work to cut the Tumor athwart with a deep Incision and bring out the Matter therein contained and then to wash the Mouth with the aforesaid Water or some other Astringent wherein you may mix a little Allum XIV If after Consolidation of the Wound the Tumor return again then make a Cross-like Incision upon the Superficies without hurting the inner Membrane and separating the upper Pellicle that lies upon it lay bare the whole Vesicle on both sides the Bridle of the Tongue and cut it out as deep as may be and then close up the Wound Otherwise you may take away the Vesicle by a potential or actual Cautery Neither is there any danger of any