Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	degree_n	perpendicular_a	zone_n	20	3	13.8535	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09429	A true discourse of the late voyages of discouerie, for the finding of a passage to Cathaya, by the Northvveast, vnder the conduct of Martin Frobisher Generall deuided into three bookes. In the first wherof is shewed, his first voyage ... Also, there are annexed certayne reasons, to proue all partes of the worlde habitable, with a generall mappe adioyned. In the second, is set out his second voyage ... In the thirde, is declared the strange fortunes which hapned in the third voyage ... VVith a particular card therevnto adioyned of Meta Incognita ...	Best, George, d. 1584.	1578 (1578)	STC 1972; ESTC S104566	113,756	182

for a more fresh example our people of Meta Incognita of whome and for whome thys discourse is taken in hande that were broughte this last yeare into Englande were all generallie of the same coloure that many Nations be lying in the middest of the middle Zone And this their couloure was not only in the face whiche was subiecte to Sunne and Ayre but also in their bodies which were still couered with garments as oures are yea the very sucking childe of twelue Moneths age hadde his skinne of the very same couloure that most haue vnder the Equinoctiall which thing can not procéede by reason of the clime for that they are at least tenne degrées more towards the North than we in Englande are no the Sunne neuer commeth néere their Zenith by .40 Degrées for in effect they are within thrée or four degrées of that which they call the frosen Zone and as I said fortie degrées from the burning Zone whereby it foloweth that there is some other cause than the Clymate or the Sunnes perpendicular reflection that shoulde cause the Ethiopians great blacknesse And the most probable cause to my iudgemente is that this blacknesse procéedeth of some naturall infection of the first inhabitāts of that Countrey and so all the whole progenie of them descended are still poluted with the same blot of infection Therefore it shall not be farre from our purpose to examine the first originall of these blacke men and how by lineall discente they haue hitherto continued thus blacke It manifestly and plainely appeareth by holy Scripture that after the generall Inundation and ouerflowing of the Earth there remayned no moe mē aliue but Noe his thrée sonnes Sem Cham and Iaphet who only were lefte to possesse inhabit the whole face of the earth therefore all the land that vntill this daye hath bin inhabited by sundry discents must néedes come of the ofspring eyther of Sem Cham or Iaphet as the onely sonnes of Noe who all thrée being white and their wiues also by course of nature should haue begotten and brought forth white children But the enuie of our great and continuall enimie the wicked Spirit is such that as he could not suffer our old Father Adam to liue in the felicitie Angelike state wherein he was first created but tempting him sought procured his ruine fal So againe finding at this floud none but a father and thrée sonnes liuing he so caused one of them to transgresse disobey his fathers commandement that after him all his posteritie shoulde be accursed The fact of disobedience was this When Noe at the commandement of God had made entred the Arke the fludgates of Heauen were opened so that the whole face of the earth euery trée Mountaine was couered with abundāce of water he straitely commanded his sonnes their wiues that they should with reuerence feare behold the iustice and mighty power of God that during the time of the floud while they remained in the Arke they should vse cōtinēcie absteine frō carnall copulation with their wiues many other preceptes he gaue vnto thē admonitions touching the iustice of God in reuenging sinne his mercie in deliuering thē who nothing deserued it Which good instructions exhortatiōs notwithstāding his wicked sonne C ham disobeyed and being persuaded that the first child borne after the floud by right law of nature should inherit possesse all the dominion of the earth he contrarie to his fathers commandement while they were yet in the Arke vsed cōpany with his wife craftily went about thereby to disinherit the ofspring of his other two bréethren for the which wicked and detestable fact as an example for contempte of Almightie God and disobedience of parents God would a sonne shuld be borne whose name was Chus who not only it selfe but all his posteritie after him should be so blacke lothsome that it might remaine a spectacle of disobedience to all the World. And of this blacke cursed Chus came al these blacke Moores which are in Africa for after the water was vanished frō off the face of the earth and that the land was drie Sem chose that part of the land to inhabit in which now is called Asia and Iaphet had that which nowe is called Europa wherin we dwel and Africa remained for Cham his blacke sonne Chus was called Chamesis after the fathers name being perhaps a cursed dry sandy vnfruteful groūd fit for such a generatiō to inhabit in Thus you sée that the cause of the Ethiopians blacknesse is the curse infection of bloud not the distemperature of the clymate which also may be proued by this example that these black men are found in all partes of Africa as well withoute the Tropicks as within euen vnto Capo d'buona Speranza Southward where by reason of the Sphere should be the same temperature as is in Spayne Laddigna and Sicilia where all be of very good complexions Wherefore I conclude that the blacknesse procéedeth not of the hotenesse of the Clime but as I sayd of the infection of bloud and therfore this their argumente gathered of the Africans blacknesse is not able to destroy the temperature of the middle Zone We may therefore very well be assertayned that vnder the Equinoctiall is the most pleasant and delectable place of the worlde to dwell in where although the Sunne for two houres in a yeare be directe ouer their heads and therefore the heate at that time somewhat of force yet bycause it commeth so seldome and continueth so small a time when it commeth it is not to be wayed but rather the moderate heate of other times is all the yeare to be remembred And if the heate at any time should in the shorte daye ware somewhat vrgent the coldnesse of the long night there would easilie refreshe it according as Honterus sayth speaking of the temperature vnder the Equinoctiall Quodque die solis violento incanduit aestu Humida nox reficit paribusque refrigerat horis If the heate of the Sunne in the day time doe burne or parch any thing the moysture of the nighte dothe coole and refresh the same againe the Sunne being as long absente in the night as it was present in the day Also our Author of the Sphere Iohannes d' Sacro bosco in the Chapter of the Zodiacke deriueth the Etimologie of Zodiacus of the Gréeke word Zoe whiche in Latin signifyeth Vita life for out of Aristotle he alledgeth that Secundum accessum recessum solis in Zodiaco fiunt generationes corruptiones in rebus inferioribus according to the Sunnes going to and fro in the Zodiake the inferiour bodies take their causes of generation and corruption Then it foloweth that where there is most going too and fro there is most generation and corruption whiche must néedes be betwéene the two Tropikes for there the Sunne goeth too and

daungerously towed at the sterne of the Barke for many myles vntill at length they espyed the Anne Frances vnder sayle harde vnder their Lée which was no smal comforte vnto them For no doubt both those and a great number moe had perished for lacke of victuals and conueniente roome in the Barkes without the helpe of the sayde ships But the honest care that the Maister of the Anne Frances had of his Captaine and the good regarde of dutie towards his General suffered him not to depart but honestly abode to hazarde a daungerous roade all the night long notwithstanding all the stormy weather when all the Fléete besides departed And the Pinnesse came no sooner aborde the shippe and the m●n entred but she presently sheauered and fel in péeces and sunke at the ships sterne with al the poore mens f●rniture so weake was the boate with towing and so so●●●●e was the sea to bruse hir in péeces But as God woulde the men were all saued At this presente in this storme manye of the fléete were daungerously distressed and were seuered almost al asunder And there were lost in the whole Fléete well néere xx b●●tes and Pinnesses in this storme and some men strokē●u●r boorde into the sea and vtterly lost Manye also spente their mayne yardes and mastes and wi●h the continuall frostes and deawe the roapes of our shippes were nowe growen so rotten that they went all asunder Yet thankes be to God all the fléete arriued safely in Englande aboute 〈…〉 The 〈…〉 Southeastwarde 〈…〉 in the la●itude of Degrée● which w●s n●u●r y●●●ounde before and sa●led thr●● days 〈◊〉 the co●st the land séeming to be fruiteful full of woods and a champion countrie There dyed in the whole Fléete in all this voyage not aboue fortie persons whiche number is not great considering howe many ships were in the Fléete and how strange Fortunes wée passed A generall and briefe Description of the Countrey and condition of the people which are found in Meta Incognita HAuing now sufficiently and truly set forth the whole circumstāce and particular hand●ing of euery occurrente in the thrée Uoyages of our worthy Generall Captayne Frobisher it shal not be frō the purpose to speake somewhat in generall of the nature of this Coūtrey called Meta Incognita and the condition of the sauage people there inhabiting First therefore concerning the Topographicall description of the place It is nowe sound in the last voyage that Queene Elizabethes Cape being scituate in Latitude at Degrées and a halfe which before was supposed to be parte of the firme land of America And also all the rest of the South side of Frobishers straytes are all seuerall Ilāds and broken land and likewise so will all the North side of the said straytes fall out to be as I thinke And some of our company being entred aboue .60 leagues within the mistaken straytes in the third Booke mentioned thought certaynely that they had descryed the firme lande of America towards the South which I thinke will fall out so to bée These broken landes and Ilandes being very many in number do seeme to make there an Archipelagus which as they all differ in greatnesse forme and fashion one from another so are they in goodnesse couloure and soyle muche vnlike They all are very high lands Mountaynes and in most parts couered with Snow euen all the Sommer lōg The Norther lands haue lesse store of Snow more grasse and are more playne Countreys the cause may be for that the Souther Ilands receiue al the Snow that the cold winds and percing ayre bring out of the North. And contrarily the Norther partes receiue more warme blastes of milder aire from the South wherevpon may grow the cause why the people couet and inhabit more vpon the North partes than the South as farre as we can yet by our experience perceiue they doe The●e people I iudge to be a kinde of Tartar or rather a kind of Samowey of the same sort cōditiō of life that the Samoweides be to the Northeastwards beyond Moscouy who are called Samoweydes which is as much to say in the Moscouy tong as eaters of themselues and so the Russians their borderers doe name them And by late conference with a friend of mine with whome I dyd sometime trauell in the parts of Moscouy who hath great experience of those Somoweides people of the Northeast I finde that in all their maner of liuing those people of the Northeast and these of the Northweast are like They are of the couloure of a ripe Oliue which how it may come to passe being borne in so cold a climate I referre to the iudgement of others for they are naturally borne children of the same couloure complexiō as all the Americans are which dwell vnder the Equinoctiall line They are men very actiue and nimble They are a strong people and very warlike for in our sighte vppon the toppes of the hilles they would often muster thēselues and after the maner of a skirmish trace their ground very nimbly and mannage their bowes and dartes with greate dexteritie They goe clad in coates made of the skinnes of beastes as of Ceales Dere Beares Foxes and Hares They haue also some garments of feathers being made of the cases of Foules finely sowed and compact togither Of all which sortes we broughte home some with vs into England whiche we found in their tents In Sommer they vse to weare the hearie side of their coates outwarde and sometime go naked for too much heate And in Winter as by signes they haue declared they weare foure or fiue folde vpō their bodies with the heare for warmth turned inward Hereby it appeareth that the ayre there is not indifferente but e●ther it is feruent hote or else extréeme colde and far more excessiue in both qualities than the reason of the clymate shoulde yeelde● For there it is colder being vnder Degrees in latitude thā it is at W●r●in● in the voyage to Saint Nicolas in Moscouie being at aboue 70. degrees in lati●ude The reason hereof perhappes maye be that thys Meta Incognita is much frequēted and vexed with eastern and Northeasterne windes whiche from the sea and Ise bringeth often an intollerable colde ayre whiche was also the cause that this yere our straites were so long shutte vp But there is great hope and likelyhoode that further within the straightes it will be more constant and temperate weather These people are in nature verye subtil and sharpe witted readie to concei●e our meaning by signes and to make answere well to be vnderstoode againe As if they haue not séene the thing wherof you aske them they wyll winck or couer their eyes with their hands as who would say it hath bene hyd from their sighte If they vnderstande you not wherof you aske them they wil stoppe their eares They will teache vs the names of eache thing in their language which we desire to learne and are apt to learne any

places where she stingeth They haue snowe and hayle in the beste time of their Sommer and the ground frosen thrée fadome déepe These people are greate inchaunters and vse manye charmes of Witchcraft for when their heads do ake they tye a great stone with a string vnto a sticke and with certaine prayers wordes done to the sticke they litte vp the stone frō ground which sometimes wyth all a mans force they cannot stir sometime againe they lifte as easily as a feather and hope thereby with certaine ceremonious words to haue ease and helpe And they made vs by signes to vnderstand lying groueling with their faces vppon the grounde and making a noise downewarde that they worshippe the Diuell vnder them They haue great store of Déere Beares Hares Foxes and innumerable numbers of sundry sortes of wilde Foule as Seamews Gulles Wilmotes Duckes c. wherof our men killed in one day fiftéene hundred They haue also store of Hawkes as Falcons Tassels c. whereof two alighted vpon one of our Shippes at theyr returne were brought into England which some thinke wil proue very good They haue also great heards of Dogs which they vse for theyr ready prouision to eate There are also greate store of Rauens Larkes and Partridges whereof the Countrey people féede All these Fowles are farre thicker clothed with downe and feathers and haue thicker skinnes than anye in England haue for as that Countrey is colder so nature hathe prouided a remedie therevnto Our men haue eaten of their Beares Hares Partriches Larkes and of their wilde Fowle and find them reasonable good meate but not so delectable as oures Their wilde Fowle must be all fleyne their skinnes are so thicke and they tast best fryed in pannes The Countrie séemeth to be muche subiecte to Earthquakes The ayre is very subtile piercing and searching so that if any corrupted or infected body especially with the disease called Morbus Gallicus come there it will presentlye breake forth and shewe it selfe and cannot there by anye kinde of salue or medicine be cured Their longest Sommers day is of greate length without any darke night so that in Iuly all the night long we might perfitely and easilie wright reade whatsoeuer had pleased vs which lightsome nightes were very beneficiall vnto vs being so distressed with abundance of Ise as wee were The Sunne setteth to them in the Euening at a quarter of an houre after tenne of the clocke and riseth agayne in the morning at thrée quarters of an houre after one of the clocke so that in Sommer theyr Sunne shineth to them twentie houres and a halfe and in the nighte is absent but thrée houres a halfe And although the Sunne be absent these 3 ½ houres yet is it not darke that time for that the Sunne is neuer aboue thrée or foure degrées vnder the edge of their Horizon the cause is that the Tropicke Cancer doth cutte their Horizon at very vneauen and oblique Angles But the Moone at any time of the yeare béeing in Cancer hauing North Latitude doth make a full reuolution aboue their Horizon so that sometimes they sée the Moone aboue .24 houres togither Some of oure companie of the more ignorant sort thought we mighte continually haue séene the Sunne and the Moone had it not bin for two or thrée high Mountaynes The people are nowe become so warye and so circumspecte by reason of their former losses that by no means we can apprehend any of them althoughe we attempted often in the laste voyage But to saye truth we could not bestowe any great time in pursuing them bycause of oure greate businesse in lading and other things To conclude I finde in all the Countrie nothing that maye be to delite in either of pleasure or of accompte only the shewe of Mine bothe of golde siluer stéele yron and blacke lead with diuers preaty stones as blewe Saphyre very perfect and others whereof we founde great plentie maye giue encouragement for men to séeke thyther And there is no doubt but being well looked vnto and thorowly discouered it wyll make our Countrie both rich and happye and of these prosperous beginnings will growe hereafter I hope moste happye endings Whiche GOD of hys goodnesse graunte to whom be all Prayse and Glorie Amen Cicero O●fi●● Lib. 1. Astronomie This is the flourishing age Abundance of all things To what end Man is created Printing of Bookes The arte of Warre Nauigation The Stone called Magnes Two and thirt● poynts of the compasse The variation of the Needle Newe discoueries The W●east 〈◊〉 of ●●e 〈…〉 The E●st ●nd o●●●e old Worl●● The ende of the old ●orld Southward The end of the olde ●orld Northward The greate discoueries of late yeres The Earthe de●ided into syxe partes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 As●● Terra S●p●●ntriona●●s A●●ri●a 〈…〉 In Iune is greater heat at Paris than vnder the Equinoctial The Twylights are shorter and the nights darker vnder the Equinoct●al● al than at Paris They vse and haue neede of fire vnder the Equinoctiall The complexion of the people of Meta Incognica The cause of the Ethiopiās blackenesse The Arke of Noe. Chus y sonne of Cham accursed A●frica was called Chamesis Under the Equinoctiall is greatest generation Greatest heare vnder the Tropiks Cuba Hispaniola Under the Tropickes is a mode●nte temperature Nine Climates A comparison betweene Marochus and England Al the North regions are habitable Elephant Orange tree ●●uses 〈◊〉 Hote nightes neere● 〈◊〉 Colde nights vnder the Equinoctiall One day of sixe moneths The Sunne neuer letteth in a 18● da●es Horizon and Equinoctial al on vnder the Pole. London Cōmo●io●s d●elli●● vnder y Poles The nightes vnder the Pole The twylights gyue light vnder the Pole almoste al the Winter The ending of twylight But sixe weekes dark vnder the Pole. The Creatures of that Countrie are are prouided for the colde An obiection of Meta Incognita Meta Incognita inhabited Captayne Frobi●her Frobishers first voyage Captayne Frobisher pretended this discouerie aboue .xv. yeares agoe Furniture for the firste voyage Gabriell and Michaell The Pinnesse lost The Michaell returned home Queene Elizabeths forlande Frobishers first entrance ●ithin in the s●reightes Frobish●rs s●reytes Deere The first sight of the Saluage Salmon Fiue Englishmen intercepted and raken Ta●●ng of y ● ●irs● Sa●age Frobishers returne The taking possession of Meta Incognita ● ●ow the Ore was ●ounde ●● c●aunce Many aduentures In the secōd voyage commission was giuen only for the bringing of Ore. The number of men in this voyage The cōdemned men discharged The first ariuall after our departing from Englande ●●●ne of Siluer ●ound in O●●ney Kyrway the chiefe towne of Orkney Saint Magnus sound why so called Great bodies of trees dryuing in the Seas Mons●rous fis● strange Fowle ●yuiug only by the Sea. Water beeyng blacke and smooth signifyeth lād to be neere Ilandes of Ise. The f●rste fyght of Freeselande Freeseland des●rib●d On easie kind of Fishing Whyte Corrall