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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	degree_n	great_a	zone_n	30	3	12.9275	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A46234	An history of the wonderful things of nature set forth in ten severall classes wherein are contained I. The wonders of the heavens, II. Of the elements, III. Of meteors, IV. Of minerals, V. Of plants, VI. Of birds, VII. Of four-footed beasts, VIII. Of insects, and things wanting blood, IX. Of fishes, X. Of man / written by Johannes Jonstonus, and now rendred into English by a person of quality.; Thaumatographia naturalis. English	Jonstonus, Joannes, 1603-1675.; Libavius, Andreas, d. 1616.; Rowland, John, M.D.	1657 (1657)	Wing J1017; ESTC R1444	350,728	372

Pansa de prorog vitae l. 4. If a Man weare it it will be very red but pale if a woman use it Lemn l. de occult c. 22. The fuliginous Spirits in a woman are the cause of it and the faint heat in Coral In men the naturall heat is strong and evaporates Hence if Coral be covered with Mustard seed it waxeth red There are other Plants in the Sea that come from a juyce that grows into a stone About Hercules Pillars and in the outland Sea Trees grow like Bay Trees In the Indian Sea there are Bull-rushes and Reeds in the red Sea Mushrooms all which being cast forth are changed into stones Theophrastus and Pliny confirm these To this appertains Syringites that is like a joynted straw and the reed hollow CHAP. XIII Of Brimstone and Stybium BRimstone is dug up in Islandia by the Mountain Hecla and that without fire It is yellow that is digged out of a Plain of Brimstone which in Campania they call Virgin-Brimstone because women paint their faces with it It is so friendly to fire that pieces of it laid about the wood will draw the fire to them The Greeks and Romans did purifie houses with the fume of it put into the fire it will by the sent discover the Falling-sicknesse Anaxilaus made sport with it carrying it about in a red hot cup with fire under it which by repercussion made the guests look pale as if they had been dead Plin. l. 35. c. 15. The Chymists make such an effectual oyl of Balsome of Brimstone that it will suffer neither live or dead bodys to corrupt but keeps them so safe that no impression from the Heavens or corruption of the Elements or from their own original can hurt them Weck Antidot Spec. l. 1. I shall say something of Stybium It hath an exceeding purgative quality as we see by experience Mathiol ad Dioscorid l. 5. c. 59. Andreas Gallus a Physitian of Trent fell into an inflammation of the Lungs Heart and Stomack with a wonderfull thirst swelling of the Throat beating of the heart and a strangling distillation allmost from the head He took three grains of Stybium with Sugar rosat first he cast up yellow choler 4 ounces weight and afterwards 2 pound weight symptoms ceased and he recovered his former health Georgius Hendschius writes that the same thing hapned to him in the pestilence Also Lucas Contilis Senensis taking 4 grains of Stybium vomited up 12 bits of Turpentine Rosin that he had swallowed 15. dayes before But a Parish Priest of Prague that was mad of melancholy taking 12 graines of the same purged choler downwards that had like scrapings of flesh mingled with it and they appeared as great melancholly Veins called varices cut into peices CHAP. XIIII Of Juices that grow into stones I had allmost forgot juyces that harden like stones Nature hath wonderfully spo●ted herself in them sometimes it hardens before it touch the ground and somtimes when it is fallen down Both these ways are seen at Amberga where there are white pillars made by it Agricol l. de effl ex terra What ever drinks it in is made a stone if it be but porous Hence you shall find stony Fountaines and Wood and Bones that are dug up When the workmen in time of Warr fled into the Mines of Lydia about Pergamus the entrance being shut up they were strangled the den was afterwards made clean and there were found Vessels of stone fill'd with a stony juyce About the Coast of Elbog there are great-firr Trees with their barks in the cracks whereof a fire stone of a Golden colour growes About Cracovia in Bohemia there are Trees with boughes out of which there are Whet-stones with corners which was a Present sent from the Lords of Columbratium to Ferdinand the first Hildesham hath beames laid upon heaps the heads of these somtimes stick forth these being stricken with Iron or with another stone not unlike the marble at Hildesham they smell like the sent of burnt horn There is also Wood changed into a stone and in the cracks of it there is Ebony dug forth which T●eophrastus was not ignorant of that it lay hid scattered in the hollow o● other stones Looking Glasses rubbing Cloths Garments Shoos being brought into a quarrey in Assus of Troas become stones Mucianus But stones that congele from juyce are commonly soft and brittle In the hot Baths of Charls the 4th many stones together are found hollow like Hives half Globe figured so great as pea●e they grow from the drops of the hot waters falling down But those earthen Vessells that are found in the Earth were Pi●chers for dead mens bones because in all of them covered with lids there were ashes and in some Rings were found wee saw such a one in the Library Thoruniense It was the fashion of the Antients as all know to burn and lay up their ashes In Italy also some urns were found of glasse Caesar Carduinus had foure found in the fields of Naples but what hapned at Verona see Bertius in desc●i agri Veronen CHAP. XV. Of the Loadstone THe Loadstone is well known The effects of it are admirable two are special its turning to the poles of the World and its dawing of another Loadstone and Iron As for the first in many places it doth nor exactly respect the poles the Declination is somtimes more or lesse This age observeth that for 10 degrees beyond the fortunate Islands where Cosmographers have set the beginning of Longitude it concurs with the poles of the World toward the East it varies more About Norimberg they count 10 degrees in Norway 16 in Zembla 17 as the Dutch observed but one Gilbertus hath found out 23 degrees variation Whence we collect the greatest variation to be 23 degrees If we ask the cause the learned are of divers opinions some say there are certain Mountains of Loadstones under the poles and they say the Loadstone moves by sympathy Others write that it turns to certain Starrs Others say there are in it two opposite points whereof the one turns to the North the other to the South Others think that it moves toward the South because the operation of all the Planets is Southward They all seem to be deceived How great and what kind of Mountains these are is yet unknown and there are many Mines of it in Aegypt It doth not directly point at the Pole unlesse it stand in the Meridian The point that is toward the South is held the stronger The work-Masters gives us a notable Maxime when in the finger of the Marriners Chart they rub that part of the neidle with the Loadstone wherewith it turns to the South Lastly there are opposite places wherein the Eccliptick declines from the Aequator toward the North and the Planets from the East make their motions by the North. It seems most probable Sennert l. 5. scient natural c. 4. that the Loadstone moves toward the South pole either only or if it

too heavy Hence it comes to passe that all Seas purge themselves in the full of the Moon Not that the attraction of the Moon is the cause of it but because the wind that was in the interim collected in the hollow places under ground strives to fly upwards or being heaped up about the putrefactions of the Sea breaks forth Lydia● de orig s●ntium attributes it to subterraneal fire That you may know the grounds of his opinion I will set it down in a few Propositions I. The flowing of the Sea is not because of the Moon by the nearnesse of her light and of that especially which she borrowes which breeds exhalations whereby the waters swell and run over For in the full Moon her light is thwart the earth and yet there is a tide great enough II. The Sun and Moon do not by their beams cause the flowing of the Sea 1. When it flowes in one hemisphear and both the Luminaries are in the other what is the cause of that For it hath not equall forces in both 2. If Sun and Moon cause the flowing of the Sea wherefore elsewhere in the very Ocean and that between the torrid Zone where their power is extream are there no Tides at all or very small ones III. When we enquire concerning the flowing of the Sea we must suppose 1. That there is a wonderfull plenty of water in the bosome of the Earth 2. That water which is in the bosome of the Earth is not onely continued to it self but to this we see in the Sea and is joyned with it by the channels or open chaps of the Earth First it is probable from hence that it is a part of the same body Then the deeps of the Sea that were never yet certainly known are a token of it 3. When two most vaste Continents on this side Asia Africa Europe on that America divide CHAP. VII Artic. 1. Of the New World and Asia by which the passage was open to other neighbouring Islands and from the Island to all the continent which was in sight and neere to the Ocean but in the mouth of it there was said to be a Haven with a narrow entrance c After this by a wonderfull Earth-quake and a continuall inundation for a day and a night it came to passe that the Earth clave asunder and swallowed all those warlike people and the Island of Atlantis was drowned in the deep But Aristotle lib. de admirand c. 8. relates that in the Sea beyond Hercul●s Pillars an Island was found out by the Carthagenians which had Woods and Rivers fit for shipping but it was distant many days Voyage But when more Carthagenians allured by the happinesse of the place came and dwelt amongst the Inhabitants they were condemned to death by the Commanders he adds by those that sayled thither Let us also hear Seneca lib. 7. quaest c. 31. The people that shall come after us shall know many things we know not many things are reserved for after ages when we are dead and forgotten The World is but a very small matter unlesse every age may have something to search for And again quaest 5. c. ult Whence do I know whether there may not be some Commander of a great Nation now not known that may swell with Fortun 's favours and not contain his forces within his own bounds Whether he may not provide ships to attempt places unknown How do I know whether this or that wind may bring Warr Some suppose Augustus extended his Empire so far Marianus Siculus is the Authour that there was found in the new World old Golden Money with the Image of Augustus and that it was sent to Rome to the Pope in token of fidelity by Johannes Ruffus Bishop of Consentia That is more wonderfull that the Spaniards write that there is a Town in the Province of Chili in the Valley called Cauten which they name Imperiola for this cause because in many Houses and Gates they found the Spread-Eagle as we see now a dayes in the Arms of the Roman Empire Animlanus l. 17. observes somthing not unlike it that in the obeliscks of the Aegyptians there were ingraven many Pictures of Birds and Beasts also of the other World What shall we say to these things We say they knew them but scarse ever travelled thither But if those relations are true that Plato reports of which Tertullian also speaks Apolg. c. 39. and Marcellinus l. 17. we add farther That the praediction of Seneca sounds rather of the British Islands in favour of Claudius That is false which is said of Augustus We have all the Acts of this Noble Prince if there be any thing buried in silence it is some mean matter But Novelty easily gains the name of Antiquity if there be fraud in him that forgeth it Artic. 2. Of the miracles of some Countrys PLiny relates and we out of him There is a famous Temple at Paphos dedicated to Venus into a Court whereof it never rayns Pliny l. 2. c. 96. By Harpasa a Town of Asia there stands a hard Rock which you may move with one finger but thrust it with your whole body and you cannot stirr it There is Earth in the City Parasinum within the Peninsula of Tauri that cures all wounds In the Country Ardanum Corn that is sowed will never grow At the Altars of Martia in Veii and at Tusculanum and in the Wood Ciminia there are places where things fastened into the Earth cannot be drawn forth Pliny l. 2. c. 94. In Crustuminum Hay that grows there is hurtfull but out of that place it becomes good Some Earths tremble at the entrance as in the Country of the Gabii not far from Rome about a 100 Acres when men ride upon it and likewise at Reate In the Hills of Puteoli the dust is opposed against the Sea Waves and being once sunk it becomes one stone that the waters cannot stirr and daily grows stronger also if it be mingled with the Caement of Cumae Plin. l. 35. c. 13. Such is the nature of that Earth that cut it of what bignesse you please and sink it into the Sea it is drawn forth a stone In a Fountain of Gnidium that is sweet in eight Months time the Earth turns to a stone From Oropus as far as Aulis whatsoever earth is dipped in the Sea it becomes a stone Tilling of the ground was of old of great esteem amongst the Romans they found one sowing and gave him honours whence is the surname Serranus As Cincinnatus was ploughing his four Acres in the Vatican which are called Quintus his Meadows Viator offered him the Dictator ship and as it is reported that he was naked and his whole body full of dust To whom Viator said Put on thy Cloths that I may deliver to thee the commands of the Senate and people of Rome Whence Pliny l. 18. c. 3. answers to this question Whence was it then they had so great plenty The Rulers at

medicament wherewith she anointed the Crown and Garment of Creon's daughter and burnt her by this art Of this in Persia is made a Physical oyl wherewith a dart anointed if it be shot slowly by a weak Bow for with swift flying it is extinguished wheresoever it sticks fast it burns and if any would put it out with water it burns the more and there is no means to put it out but by casting dust upon it It is thus made They season common oyl tainted with a certain herb By experience of these things and by continuance a certain kind is made by the Persians that congealing from a matter very natural is like to thick oyl and they call it Naptha a barbarous name Libav Tom. 3. singul l. 2. c. 7. Petroleum is more liquid than Naphtha In Italy and the Country of Matina it distills out of a Rock white and red of a strong smell In Sicilia it swims upon Fountains which they call Sicilian oyl and they burn it for Lamp oyl Pliny commends it against the Scabs of Cattle In the Country of Parma it runs forth white at the Village Meiana There are 3. Fountains there they gather it every or every other day thus They shake the water with brooms and foroing the oyl into a corner they take it with vessels Every day half a pound in the most hot and dry time of the year Baubin●n●● l. 1. Dioscor c. 85. Of the red at the Mount Zibethum in the Winter they collect 15. ounces in Summer 45 ounces In the Village Allense it is collected black with a fleece and a scoop The more water is drawn forth the more oyl they take sometimes 240 ounces It varies as the place doth The Italian burns not in its Fountain the Babylonian doth That is wonderfull which Mathiolus reports in l. 1. Dioscorid c. 82. Hercules of Ferrara ● Contrariis had in his possession a pit into which Petroleum distilled He hired a Plaisterer to stop it and because he could not do it without light he let down a Candle and the Petroleum took fire by it and threw forth the Plaisterer and brake down the sides of his pit Maltha is the straining of Bitumen mingled with mud that is like clay Pliny speaks of it l. ● c. 104. In the City Samosata saith he of Comagena there is a Lake that sends forth burning mud it sticks to any solid thing it toucheth and it followes when you draw from it In joyning of walls it serves for lime And the Babylonians used it to build their walls with Vitruvius l. 1. c. 5. CHAP. VIII Of Pissaphaltum and the wayes of Embalming dead Corps PIssaphaltum is Bitumen that Pitch is boyled with Bauhinus thinks it is Mummy of the Arabians But this is of two sorts naturall and artificiall that they embalmed with consisting of Myrrhe and Aloes But of the materials and the manner how to embalm we shall speak of them here as we come to fall upon them Diodorus Siculus and Herodotus l. 3. are large concerning it Three men perform this work The first is called a Grammarian who as the body lyes on the ground appoints how great the incision shall be about the small guts on the left side The other is the Cutter and he opens the side with an Aethiopian stone and then suddenly runs away for those that stand by detesting the fact pursue him with stones Then follow the Embalmers One of these drawes his incision through the inside of the body besides the Heart and Kidneys Another washeth it with Phoenician wine mingled with spices Lastly they anoint the body washed with Unguents of Cedar and other pretious things for 30. dayes Then it is delivered to the kindred that mourn for him the hairs of his eye-lids and eye-brows being preserved that he may seem to be asleep Herodotus speaks of three kinds of embalming The first was by pulling the brains through the Nostrills with a hook and the bowels taken forth with an Aethiopian stone they cleanse it with Phoenician wine and stuffe it with spices then they fill the fat pannicle with Myrrhe Cassia and sweet odours beaten without Frankincense and sew them in then they salt it for 70 dayes then they wash the Corps and wrap it in a linnen cloth and smeer it with Gum and lay it into the fashion of a Man made of wood The other is by salting it 70 dayes which drawes forth the inward filth The third way is the poor cleanse the belly with washing then for 70 dayes they dry it with salt and then they lay it up And not onely men have been so honoured but beasts also For some beasts were sacred to the Egyptians and when they were dead they covered them with a linnen cloth and spread them with salt striking their breasts and howling And to preserve the body the longer they anointed it with oyl of Ceder and kept it in hallowed places Also they put divers Idols into the brest of it Rondeletius found in the breast of one of them 20 leaves of ancient Paper written with Arabian letters Bauhin ad l. 1. Dioscor c. 85. Moreover the French commend Mummy so much that the Nobility will never be without it They say that Francis the 1. alwayes carried it in his purse fearing no accident if he had but a little of that by him CHAP. IX Of Camphir THe Moors write that Camphir is a Gum of a Tree that spreads out its boughes so far that 100 men may stand under the shadow of it They adde that the wood is white reedy and hath the Camphir in its spungy pith That 's uncertain but it is more certain that it is made of a kind of Bitumen thus The Indian Bitumen which springs from the native Camphir is boyled in a vessel with fire under it the thinner parts turn into a white colour and are carried to the cover which gives them the form we see when they are collected Merchants say there is native Camphir in the Indies It is so near to fire that once fired it will burn all out The flame that comes from it is bright and smells sweet Hanged in the ayr it evaporates by degrees the most thin parts are the cause Hence Apothecaries put it in a close vessel with Milium or Linseed and cover it Plater de l. f. p. 165. The smell of it hinders lust drank or smelled to and carried about it extinguisheth the seed And because it flyes to the head if it carry up with it cold humours it may cause sleep and make men hoary before they be old If to women sick of the Mother or fainting of heart pains a small cup of water be exhibited wherein so much Camphir is burned as a hazel-nut it presently helps Heurnius l. 2. Medic. The Neotericks hold it is cold and that it is mitigated by Ambergreece and that the drynesse may do no hurt oyl of Violets is poured upon it Garzias ab Horto saith he learned by experience that in