Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	defendant_n	judgement_n	plaintiff_n	1,984	5	10.5099	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06786	Consuetudo, vel lex mercatoria, or The ancient law-merchant Diuided into three parts: according to the essentiall parts of trafficke. Necessarie for all statesmen, iudges, magistrates, temporall and ciuile lawyers, mint-men, merchants, marriners, and all others negotiating in all places of the world. By Gerard Malynes merchant.	Malynes, Gerard, fl. 1586-1641.	1622 (1622)	STC 17222; ESTC S114044	480,269	516

any_o thing_n in_o question_n where_o there_o want_v proof_n or_o they_o may_v minister_v the_o say_a oath_n to_o either_o party_n upon_o pregnant_a occasion_n to_o boult_v out_o the_o truth_n the_o like_a authority_n have_v the_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o merchant_n and_o moreover_o their_o authority_n do_v far_o exceed_v the_o power_n of_o commissioner_n for_o as_o arbitrator_n have_v a_o determinate_a power_n to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o controversy_n in_o general_a term_n without_o declaration_n of_o particular_n so_o have_v the_o prior_n and_o consul_n power_n to_o do_v the_o like_a whereas_o commissioner_n be_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n and_o declaration_n of_o their_o proceed_n to_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n final_o the_o arbitrator_n authority_n impli_v a_o voluntary_a command_n proceed_v from_o both_o party_n which_o the_o commissioner_n have_v not_o but_o the_o merchant_n court_n have_v chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o merchant_n court_n or_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n the_o three_o mean_a to_o end_n and_o determine_v merchant_n question_n and_o controversy_n happen_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v the_o court_n of_o merchant_n call_v prior_n and_o consul_n or_o il_fw-fr consolato_fw-la as_o the_o italian_n have_v call_v the_o same_o and_o here_o we_o may_v say_v a_o merchant_n be_v in_o loco_fw-la propri●_n as_o the_o fish_n in_o the_o water_n where_o he_o understand_v himself_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n according_a to_o which_o they_o be_v determine_v and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o yet_o as_o every_o man_n be_v take_v to_o be_v wise_a in_o his_o profession_n so_o may_v he_o be_v admit_v to_o understand_v they_o the_o rather_o when_o he_o shall_v true_o peruse_v and_o ponder_v the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n which_o in_o my_o love_n to_o merchant_n i_o have_v compile_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o civilians_n have_v consider_v of_o this_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n establish_v in_o many_o place_n of_o france_n italy_n and_o germany_n power_n wherein_o prior_n and_o consul_n have_v no_o power_n have_v make_v diverse_a question_n of_o their_o authority_n say_v they_o can_v decree_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n as_o that_o the_o father_n shall_v be_v bind_v for_o the_o son_n or_o the_o son_n for_o the_o father_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la or_o natural_o unjust_a or_o against_o the_o public_a good_a or_o that_o which_o savour_v of_o a_o monopoly_n neither_o may_v they_o forbid_v any_o man_n to_o go_v to_o law_n or_o order_n that_o a_o work_n begin_v by_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v end_v by_o another_o without_o the_o other_o consent_n neither_o be_v they_o to_o deal_v or_o to_o determine_v of_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o concern_v merchandise_v for_o other_o thing_n as_o the_o sell_n of_o house_n land_n and_o the_o like_a do_v not_o appertain_v unto_o they_o true_a it_o be_v that_o all_o matter_n criminal_a or_o offensive_a do_v not_o belong_v unto_o they_o to_o deal_v in_o for_o there_o the_o king_n attorney_n be_v a_o party_n and_o have_v interest_n therein_o as_o falsify_v of_o obligation_n and_o bill_n of_o debt_n or_o other_o writing_n matter_n of_o reproach_n or_o discredit_v of_o person_n theft_n and_o other_o evil_a unlawful_a behaviour_n do_v and_o commit_v by_o their_o say_a servant_n or_o themselves_o or_o any_o other_o merchant_n factor_n or_o intermedler_n in_o cause_n of_o merchandise_n as_o also_o all_o other_o not_o exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v deal_v with_o by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n neither_o be_v they_o to_o deal_v with_o the_o contract_n of_o usury_n either_o feign_v or_o otherwise_o unlawful_a nor_o with_o the_o will_n and_o testament_n or_o contract_n of_o marriage_n of_o any_o person_n or_o with_o the_o interchange_n of_o good_n by_o consent_n and_o all_o other_o such_o like_a contract_n but_o only_o in_o all_o civil_a cause_n of_o merchandise_v how_o be_v it_o these_o questionable_a matter_n be_v not_o of_o that_o moment_n to_o be_v discuss_v consider_v that_o their_o authority_n be_v declare_v and_o confine_v by_o the_o charter_n and_o privilege_n make_v unto_o they_o by_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n whereunto_o relation_n be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o according_o they_o be_v to_o proceed_v have_v a_o respect_n to_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n hereupon_o benvenuto_n straccha_n the_o civilian_n make_v a_o treatise_n quomodo_fw-la procedendum_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o causis_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n to_o proceed_v in_o merchant_n affair_n wherein_o be_v many_o universal_a thing_n propound_v which_o be_v easy_a but_o particular_a thing_n be_v common_o more_o true_a by_o his_o own_o observation_n confirmation_n the_o decree_n of_o merchant_n need_v no_o other_o confirmation_n and_o he_o conclude_v that_o the_o decree_n of_o merchant_n need_v no_o other_o confirmation_n or_o approbation_n the_o oath_n take_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n to_o observe_v the_o law-merchant_n be_v subject_a to_o punishment_n if_o they_o be_v perfidious_a or_o forswear_a as_o well_o as_o the_o oath_n of_o all_o other_o judge_n and_o write_v de_fw-la consulibus_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la he_o say_v that_o a_o merchant_n may_v call_v in_o question_n and_o begin_v his_o plea_n before_o they_o although_o it_o be_v against_o one_o that_o be_v no_o merchant_n if_o the_o cause_n concern_v merchandise_v and_o the_o plaintiff_n herein_o bind_v the_o defendant_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n be_v he_o either_o a_o knight_n or_o ecclesiastical_a person_n or_o a_o stranger_n not_o resident_a in_o the_o place_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n all_o banker_n shopkeeper_n in_o fair_n and_o market_n be_v bind_v to_o their_o jurisdiction_n for_o matter_n of_o money_n and_o exchange_n or_o for_o merchandise_n the_o plaintiff_n may_v in_o other_o place_n where_o the_o defendant_n do_v deal_v or_o negotiate_v be_v at_o his_o choice_n to_o begin_v or_o commence_v his_o suit_n where_o he_o will_v but_o not_o in_o two_o place_n at_o one_o time_n for_o one_o cause_n wherein_o sometime_o the_o penalty_n be_v by_o he_o respect_v to_o be_v far_o great_a in_o one_o place_n than_o in_o another_o here_o let_v we_o remember_v the_o controversy_n between_o two_o brother_n which_o be_v above_o fortie-yeare_n since_o call_v joan_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr failia_n and_o jaques_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr failia_n who_o go_v to_o law_n in_o brabant_n for_o many_o thousand_o pound_n and_o afterward_o one_o of_o they_o do_v commence_v suit_n in_o flanders_n be_v another_o jurisdiction_n whereupon_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o pay_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o 4000_o will_v jurisdiction_n a_o forfeiture_n for_o a_o jurisdiction_n for_o in_o truth_n good_a order_n and_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v as_o law_n and_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v admit_v that_o may_v infringe_v the_o law_n of_o merchant_n the_o proceed_n before_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n be_v by_o libel_n or_o petition_n or_o by_o declaration_n wherein_o let_v we_o note_v the_o difference_n set_v down_o by_o the_o say_a civilians_n declaration_n difference_n between_o a_o petition_n and_o a_o declaration_n the_o libel_n or_o declaration_n be_v to_o be_v make_v with_o all_o the_o form_n use_v in_o law_n as_o well_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n but_o in_o a_o petition_n the_o form_n be_v not_o needful_a so_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v well_o express_v especial_o the_o sum_n which_o be_v demand_v or_o the_o good_n be_v lend_v or_o unjust_o detain_v must_v be_v specify_v and_o if_o it_o be_v for_o money_n owe_v for_o merchandise_n or_o lend_v it_o must_v be_v declare_v otherwise_o the_o consul_n will_v reject_v the_o petition_n as_o impertinent_a albeit_o some_o trivial_a error_n in_o petition_n be_v to_o be_v tolerate_v and_o the_o party_n be_v to_o be_v by_o the_o merchant_n law_n relieve_v they_o be_v to_o proceed_v summary_o in_o all_o their_o action_n proceed_v summarie_n proceed_v to_o avoid_v interruption_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n and_o they_o be_v to_o respect_v plain_a and_o sincere_a deal_n among_o merchant_n with_o a_o consideration_n to_o construe_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la so_o that_o trust_n may_v be_v preserve_v among_o they_o debar_v as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v the_o exception_n of_o prescription_n excussion_n and_o of_o promise_n make_v without_o consideration_n quod_fw-la nudo_fw-la pacto_fw-la promisisti_fw-la and_o the_o like_a in_o so_o much_o that_o many_o time_n a_o woman_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v a_o procuratrix_n contrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n law_n a_o custom_n contrary_n to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o all_o other_o exception_n upon_o plain_a bill_n and_o obligation_n be_v set_v a_o part_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v hunt_v after_o and_o all_o exception_n proceed_v of_o justice_n and_o

salt_n francis_n the_o first_o make_v the_o same_o perpetual_a as_o the_o domaine_v of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o buy_v it_o at_o the_o magazine_n upon_o pain_n of_o punishment_n this_o impost_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n for_o two_o million_o of_o crown_n or_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a the_o right_a of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o he_o may_v lay_v imposition_n thirty_o league_n from_o the_o land_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o no_o other_o sovereign_a prince_n be_v not_o within_o that_o precinct_n there_o be_v eight_o court_n of_o parliament_n in_o france_n and_o eight_o chamber_n of_o account_n at_o paris_n erect_v 1302_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr bell._n at_o paris_n parlement_n court_n of_o parlement_n at_o tholouze_n also_o and_o confirm_v by_o charles_n the_o 7._o in_o britain_n at_o grenoble_n 1453_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o dion_n account_n court_n of_o account_n at_o bourdeaux_n 1462_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o monpellier_n at_o aix_n 1501_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12._o in_o dolphin_n at_o dion_n 1476_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11_o for_o burgundy_n in_o provence_n at_o rouen_n 1449_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12_o for_o normandy_n at_o blois_n at_o rheame_n 1553_o by_o h._n the_o 2_o for_o britainie_n at_o rouen_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n of_o france_n it_o be_v a_o usual_a receive_a opinion_n that_o pharamont_n be_v the_o author_n of_o this_o law_n other_o think_v it_o be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o gaul_n that_o be_v call_v salie_n among_o who_o that_o law_n be_v establish_v for_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n term_v all_o their_o law_n either_o ripuarie_n or_o salic_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charlemagne_n they_o be_v call_v salique_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v invent_v of_o latter_a time_n as_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n to_o frustrate_v the_o daughter_n of_o lewis_n huttin_n or_o else_o to_o have_v have_v the_o first_o strength_n from_o a_o usual_a custom_n of_o all_o barbarian_n which_o be_v never_o to_o suffer_v the_o female_n to_o inherit_v the_o crown_n and_o so_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o line_n of_o the_o king_n it_o have_v continue_v in_o the_o three_o and_o by_o custom_n it_o be_v rather_o confirm_v than_o to_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o law_n at_o any_o time_n ordain_v have_v be_v little_a account_n make_v thereof_o until_o the_o controversy_n between_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n and_o end_v duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o claim_v it_o for_o his_o niece_n jane_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n huttin_n and_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n with_o edward_n king_n of_o england_n the_o book_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n be_v but_o a_o collection_n howbeit_o there_o be_v no_o example_n ever_o hear_v of_o that_o any_o woman_n govern_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germany_n concur_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n in_o substance_n the_o court_n of_o equity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n after_o bill_n and_o answer_v replication_n and_o rejoinder_n and_o sometime_o duplication_n and_o at_o last_o conclusion_n with_o the_o examination_n of_o witness_n in_o serious_a manner_n the_o whole_a proceed_n be_v deliver_v to_o certain_a doctor_n or_o learned_a man_n which_o be_v as_o master_n of_o the_o chancery_n or_o belong_v to_o certain_a university_n to_o be_v abreviate_v which_o be_v call_v ad_fw-la rotulandum_fw-la who_o do_v cut_v off_o all_o superfluous_a thing_n which_o upon_o the_o matter_n be_v confess_v on_o both_o side_n process_n to_o abreviate_v long_a process_n or_o be_v not_o material_a to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o bring_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o party_n to_o certain_a point_n or_o head_n whereupon_o the_o say_a party_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o advocate_n or_o learned_a counsel_n do_v dispute_n and_o debate_v the_o say_a difference_n to_o bring_v they_o as_o it_o be_v ripe_a and_o perfect_v before_o the_o judge_n for_o if_o the_o defendant_n will_v take_v covert_o any_o exception_n against_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n he_o may_v have_v the_o whole_a process_n make_v up_o in_o the_o name_n of_o a.b._n and_o c.d._n as_o it_o be_v complainant_a and_o defendant_n without_o name_v either_o of_o the_o party_n and_o the_o same_o to_o be_v send_v under_o the_o town_n seal_v unto_o doctor_n or_o other_o learned_a man_n of_o university_n elect_v thereunto_o in_o other_o jurisdiction_n which_o do_v give_v their_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n thereupon_o and_o return_v the_o same_o back_n again_o under_o seal_n before_o the_o judge_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v depend_v who_o call_v both_o party_n before_o he_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o he_o shall_v open_v the_o process_n and_o whether_o they_o will_v stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n therein_o contain_v and_o if_o the_o complainant_n descend_v thereunto_o then_o be_v the_o defendant_n thereby_o conclude_v see_v he_o have_v his_o choice_n and_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n appeal_v from_o the_o judge_n whereupon_o execution_n be_v present_o have_v and_o matter_n be_v end_v with_o expedition_n by_o the_o premise_n we_o may_v observe_v how_o other_o law_n be_v variable_a and_o subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o that_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v constant_a and_o permanent_a in_o her_o custom_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v infringe_v but_o serious_o to_o be_v maintain_v by_o all_o the_o four_o precedent_a mean_n or_o some_o select_a course_n of_o execution_n to_o be_v devise_v concur_v with_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a furtherance_n whereof_o and_o more_o exact_a explanation_n by_o contrary_n i_o have_v for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o this_o work_n add_v hereunto_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n which_o will_v illustrate_v the_o most_o material_a consideration_n to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n chap._n xviii_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n have_v heretofore_o publish_v a_o treatise_n entitle_v england_n view_n in_o the_o unmask_n of_o two_o paradox_n which_o have_v be_v present_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o considerable_a in_o the_o government_n of_o commonweal_n and_o find_v that_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o they_o with_o a_o three_o paradox_n observe_v by_o i_o do_v proper_o allude_v to_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n or_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n i_o do_v resolve_v to_o handle_v the_o substance_n of_o they_o for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o the_o same_o be_v paradox_n what_o it_o be_v the_o rather_o because_o paradox_n be_v thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n and_o will_v also_o make_v all_o the_o premise_n more_o manifest_a and_o apparent_a by_o their_o conclusion_n the_o say_v two_o paradox_n present_v by_o monsieur_n malestroit_n one_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o finance_n or_o treasury_n in_o france_n be_v as_o follow_v say_v 1_o that_o to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n commodity_n commodity_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dear_a these_o three_o hundred_o year_n 2_o that_o there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n and_o money_n and_o or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o the_o three_o paradox_n which_o i_o have_v add_v hereunto_o be_v 3_o that_o the_o imaginary_a money_n suppose_v in_o exchange_n for_o money_n exchange_n exchange_n make_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o course_n and_o property_n of_o real_a and_o substantial_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la mounseur_fw-fr malestroit_n say_v that_o since_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n which_o consist_v of_o cattle_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n whereby_o all_o thing_n have_v receive_v their_o estimation_n dearth_n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v the_o judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n it_o follow_v that_o those_o metal_n be_v the_o right_a judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o can_v say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v dear_a than_o it_o be_v three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o unless_o that_o for_o the_o buy_v thereof_o we_o must_v now_o give_v more_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o but_o for_o the_o buy_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o do_v not_o give_v now_o more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o therefore_o say_v he_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o france_n since_o that_o time_n to_o prove_v this_o he_o do_v allege_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o

principle_n which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n or_o reason_n be_v many_o more_o than_o those_o which_o be_v of_o man_n and_o give_v by_o the_o absolute_a discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o concern_v the_o prudence_n of_o the_o law_n which_o hold_v this_o maxim_n that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o suffer_v a_o mischief_n law_n a_o maxim_n in_o law_n than_o a_o inconvenience_n attribute_v the_o word_n mischief_n unto_o one_o or_o some_o few_o man_n and_o the_o word_n inconvenience_n to_o all_o person_n or_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o general_n and_o here_o let_v we_o observe_v that_o of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n there_o may_v be_v make_v a_o art_n or_o science_n consider_v we_o that_o ars_fw-la est_fw-la causarum_fw-la consideratio_fw-la art_n definition_n of_o art_n ex_fw-la finibus_fw-la assumptis_fw-la art_n be_v the_o consideration_n of_o cause_n from_o certain_a end_n propound_v according_a to_o which_o definition_n a_o orderly_a 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that_o if_o the_o question_n be_v of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v if_o both_o party_n do_v agree_v upon_o the_o fact_n and_o each_o do_v claim_v that_o by_o law_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v it_o and_o will_v still_o in_o that_o sort_n maintain_v their_o right_n than_o it_o be_v call_v a_o demurrer_n in_o law_n law_n demurrer_n in_o law_n which_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n so_o that_o if_o all_o case_n be_v reduce_v under_o these_o few_o title_n namely_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o right_a or_o title_n of_o land_n of_o debt_n of_o trespass_n of_o account_n of_o trover_n and_o of_o the_o case_n then_o may_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v bring_v naked_o before_o the_o jury_n distinguish_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o law_n for_o all_o case_n be_v either_o criminal_a or_o civil_a personal_a case_n criminal_a real_a and_o personal_a or_o criminal_a real_a and_o personal_a for_o life_n honour_n and_o good_n or_o land_n and_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o describe_v the_o 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it_o be_v there_o be_v sometime_o matter_n of_o law_n which_o alter_v the_o case_n when_o there_o must_v be_v prove_v a_o lawful_a consideration_n of_o quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la be_v nudum_fw-la pactum_fw-la what_o it_o be_v otherwise_o it_o be_v nudum_fw-la pactum_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la oritur_fw-la actio_fw-la wherefore_o i_o have_v see_v some_o plea_n plain_o distinguish_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o jury_n may_v perceive_v the_o naked_a issue_n of_o the_o fact_n before_o they_o in_o question_n with_o all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v sometime_o do_v by_o way_n of_o replication_n there_o be_v a_o maxim_n or_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n that_o if_o the_o defendant_n or_o tenant_n in_o any_o action_n plead_v a_o plea_n that_o amount_v not_o to_o the_o general_a issue_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o take_v the_o general_a issue_n issue_n the_o plead_n of_o general_a issue_n and_o if_o he_o will_v not_o he_o shall_v be_v condemn_v for_o 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some_o of_o the_o juror_n albeit_o for_o little_a or_o no_o cause_n and_o then_o other_o be_v take_v in_o place_n for_o there_o be_v twenty_o before_o man_n warn_v but_o twelve_o be_v sufficient_a unless_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o action_n real_a where_o twenty_o four_o must_v be_v empanel_v and_o the_o oath_n give_v to_o juror_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v deal_v just_o and_o true_o between_o party_n and_o party_n but_o the_o witness_n be_v to_o speak_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n and_o so_o they_o take_v their_o oath_n and_o to_o the_o end_n the_o proceed_n in_o law_n shall_v not_o be_v hinder_v therefore_o if_o the_o juror_n fall_v out_o not_o to_o be_v full_a in_o number_n circumstantibus_fw-la decem_fw-la tales_n d●_n circumstantibus_fw-la than_o the_o sheriff_n may_v take_v decem_n tales_n de_fw-la

have_v the_o first_o cause_n he_o take_v in_o hand_n to_o go_v on_o his_o side_n whereupon_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o cause_n between_o he_o and_o the_o say_a doctor_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n and_o so_o there_o can_v be_v no_o proceed_n therein_o the_o student_n plead_v the_o condition_n in_o bar_n the_o court_n of_o chancery_n be_v proper_o call_v a_o court_n of_o conscience_n because_o it_o reason_v on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o complainant_n by_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n before_o mention_v quod_fw-la tibi_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la vis_fw-la alteri_fw-la ne_fw-la feceris_fw-la for_o in_o the_o chancery_n every_o man_n be_v able_a by_o light_n of_o nature_n to_o foresee_v the_o end_n of_o his_o cause_n and_o to_o give_v himself_o a_o reason_n thereof_o and_o be_v therefore_o term_v a_o cause_n whereas_o at_o the_o common-law_n the_o client_n matter_n be_v term_v a_o case_n case_n difference_n between_o cause_n and_o case_n according_a to_o the_o word_n casus_n which_o be_v accedentall_a for_o the_o party_n do_v hardly_o know_v a_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v by_o law_n adjudge_v with_o or_o against_o he_o the_o chancery_n therefore_o upon_o bill_n and_o answer_n between_o the_o complainant_n and_o defendant_n grant_v a_o injunction_n to_o stay_v the_o proceed_n in_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n until_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v examine_v and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o equity_n find_v chancery_n injunction_n of_o the_o chancery_n than_o the_o cause_n be_v dismiss_v to_o the_o law_n again_o with_o cost_n to_o the_o party_n merchant_n cause_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o chancery_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v do_v with_o great_a expedition_n but_o it_o fall_v out_o otherwise_o because_o they_o be_v by_o commission_n common_o refer_v to_o merchant_n to_o make_v report_n of_o the_o state_n thereof_o unto_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n ●or_a the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n be_v preserve_v chief_o by_o the_o say_a court_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n merchant_n affair_n in_o controversy_n ought_v with_o all_o brevity_n to_o be_v determine_v to_o avoid_v interruption_n of_o traffic_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n 3._o staple_n law_n 27._o e._n 3._o that_o the_o mayor_n of_o the_o staple_n be_v authorise_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parleament_n to_o end_v the_o same_o and_o detain_v the_o same_o before_o he_o without_o any_o dismission_n at_o the_o common-law_n which_o show_v the_o necessarinesse_n of_o the_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n before_o mention_v the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o trial_n of_o a_o action_n of_o account_n at_o the_o common-law_n be_v tedious_a there_o be_v five_o manner_n of_o person_n accountable_a by_o the_o law_n namely_o a_o steward_n or_o bailife_n a_o factor_n or_o servant_n or_o a_o receiver_n upon_o a_o action_n of_o account_n the_o general_a issue_n to_o be_v plead_v thereunto_o be_v ne_o uncque_n receiver_n pour_v account_n rendre_fw-fr law_n the_o trial_n of_o a_o action_n of_o account_n by_o law_n this_o be_v first_o try_v by_o a_o jury_n and_o if_o the_o party_n be_v convict_v and_o find_v accountable_a than_o the_o law_n do_v appoint_v auditor_n to_o take_v the_o account_n by_o a_o commission_n direct_v out_o of_o the_o court_n to_o merchant_n and_o other_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o cause_n whereunto_o two_o attorney_n of_o the_o court_n be_v join_v and_o when_o they_o have_v take_v the_o account_n and_o find_v wherein_o the_o difference_n do_v consist_v than_o they_o be_v to_o certify_v all_o their_o proceed_n into_o the_o court_n and_o the_o accountant_n must_v make_v issuable_a answer_n to_o be_v plead_v whereupon_o eight_o ten_o twelve_o or_o more_o issue_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o then_o a_o second_o jury_n be_v call_v to_o try_v all_o these_o several_a issue_n upon_o peremptory_a point_n and_o so_o upon_o every_o issue_n there_o be_v give_v a_o particular_a verdict_n and_o sometime_o a_o especial_a verdict_n which_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o court_n again_o all_o these_o long_a proceed_n make_v long_a record_n subject_a to_o many_o error_n and_o because_o all_o these_o several_a issue_n be_v try_v by_o one_o jury_n and_o upon_o one_o record_n together_o with_o the_o former_a proceed_n whereby_o the_o other_o jury_n find_v the_o party_n accountable_a if_o in_o any_o or_o in_o the_o whole_a material_a error_n be_v find_v than_o all_o be_v overthrow_v and_o the_o party_n be_v to_o begin_v again_o the_o novo_fw-la and_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o then_o they_o will_v join_v other_o issue_n and_o so_o run_v into_o a_o labyrinth_n so_o that_o matter_n of_o account_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v determine_v of_o the_o chancery_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o therein_o more_o expedition_n be_v use_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arragon_n which_o concur_v with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o say_a court_n as_o we_o be_v now_o to_o declare_v leave_v all_o 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be_v produce_v examine_v and_o publication_n have_v of_o their_o deposition_n 7_o the_o party_n do_v reason_n of_o the_o deposition_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v bring_v to_o hear_v 8_o when_o the_o judge_n give_v sentence_n or_o judgement_n 9_o when_o execution_n be_v have_v upon_o the_o sentence_n or_o the_o party_n appeal_v 10_o when_o the_o cause_n depart_v out_o of_o that_o judge_n power_n before_o a_o high_a authority_n and_o all_o this_o be_v common_o do_v in_o four_o month_n arragon_n observation_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n of_o arragon_n with_o the_o observation_n by_o the_o law_n require_v namely_o the_o consideration_n incident_a which_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v note_v to_o prevent_v unjust_a deal_n 1_o touch_v the_o first_o time_n the_o judge_n take_v not_o any_o notice_n thereof_o for_o the_o process_n be_v grant_v of_o course_n unless_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o complainant_n have_v be_v the_o slave_n of_o the_o defendant_n or_o the_o son_n do_v commence_v a_o suit_n against_o the_o father_n or_o the_o servant_n against_o his_o master_n wherein_o upon_o good_a consideration_n licence_n must_v be_v have_v of_o the_o judge_n 2_o the_o second_o that_o they_o must_v appear_v before_o the_o judge_n at_o three_o several_a time_n of_o ten_o day_n or_o thirty_o day_n at_o any_o one_o time_n which_o be_v peremptory_a after_o which_o there_o lie_v a_o contempt_n against_o the_o party_n not_o appear_v during_o which_o time_n the_o judge_n do_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n and_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v compile_v together_o to_o judge_v by_o and_o serve_v he_o for_o his_o direction_n but_o in_o extraordinary_a cause_n his_o conscience_n lead_v he_o 3_o the_o three_o time_n touch_v exception_n be_v not_o only_o between_o party_n and_o party_n but_o also_o against_o the_o judge_n for_o insufficiency_n of_o authority_n give_v he_o if_o the_o cause_n so_o require_v 4_o the_o four_o time_n three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v upon_o the_o defendant_n answer_v 1_o whether_o he_o deny_v all_o or_o do_v confess_v part_n or_o all_o 2_o whether_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o judge_n judicial_o hear_v the_o cause_n or_o else_o according_a to_o the_o defendant_n answer_v and_o confession_n judge_v he_o to_o pay_v or_o satisfy_v the_o matter_n within_o nine_o day_n 3_o that_o after_o the_o contestation_n of_o the_o suit_n there_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o any_o dilatory_a exception_n allege_v to_o hinder_v the_o proceed_n but_o rather_o peremptory_a exception_n to_o bring_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o definative_a sentence_n 5_o the_o five_o time_n four_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v namely_o 1_o the_o complainant_n must_v swear_v that_o he_o be_v persuade_v that_o he_o demand_v a_o just_a and_o right_a demand_n and_o the_o defendant_n likewise_o that_o he_o defend_v his_o right_n 2_o that_o

they_o shall_v speak_v truth_n to_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v demand_v of_o they_o 3_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o require_v without_o just_a cause_n any_o time_n of_o prolongation_n 4_o that_o they_o have_v not_o nor_o will_v attempt_v to_o corrupt_v witness_n 6_o the_o six_o time_n upon_o the_o contestation_n and_o interlocutorie_a sentence_n you_o must_v observe_v nine_o thing_n 1_o that_o the_o witness_n be_v present_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o party_n against_o who_o they_o be_v produce_v 2_o that_o they_o be_v freeman_n and_o honest_a and_o not_o hire_v nor_o corrupt_v 3_o that_o they_o be_v swear_v and_o the_o producent_fw-la pay_v his_o charge_n 4_o you_o may_v inquire_v of_o the_o party_n that_o do_v produce_v the_o witness_n as_o also_o of_o the_o witness_n by_o certain_a article_n what_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o cause_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o admittance_n for_o to_o be_v swear_v because_o their_o deposition_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o matter_n 5_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v have_v three_o several_a time_n to_o produce_v his_o witness_n shall_v not_o have_v any_o other_o time_n to_o examine_v any_o more_o unless_o he_o do_v swear_v that_o he_o know_v not_o what_o the_o former_a witness_n have_v depose_v and_o the_o judge_n do_v assent_v thereunto_o 6_o if_o the_o witness_n have_v declare_v any_o thing_n obscure_o they_o may_v declare_v the_o same_o more_o plain_o if_o the_o judge_n do_v desire_v the_o same_o at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o party_n according_a as_o he_o shall_v direct_v 7_o after_o publication_n of_o the_o witness_n deposition_n there_o may_v not_o any_o other_o witness_n be_v depose_v upon_o the_o say_a interrogatory_n or_o any_o matter_n touch_v the_o same_o 8_o that_o the_o witness_n be_v examine_v of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o case_n itself_o whether_o they_o have_v see_v or_o hear_v the_o same_o &_o what_o they_o believe_v or_o know_v thereof_o or_o of_o the_o report_n they_o have_v 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the_o defendant_n which_o seek_v delay_n be_v not_o content_v with_o so_o short_a a_o time_n of_o plead_v the_o complainant_n also_o may_v know_v whether_o it_o be_v safe_a for_o he_o to_o take_v his_o oath_n as_o aforesaid_a that_o he_o be_v in_o conscience_n persuade_v of_o his_o right_n suit_n to_o abridge_v the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n and_o morever_o pay_v a_o fine_a for_o wrong_v molestation_n abridge_v with_o they_o heretofore_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n omit_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o other_o court_n of_o equity_n and_o call_v law_n and_o equity_n to_o be_v the_o common_a law_n so_o much_o commend_v above_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o the_o say_v m_o r._n fortescue_n sometime_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o who_o have_v observe_v five_o point_n wherein_o the_o same_o consist_v let_v we_o observe_v many_o more_o to_o extol_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o say_v common_a law_n as_o follow_v summary_o 1_o first_o because_o of_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o england_n excellency_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o that_o in_o all_o the_o time_n that_o the_o realm_n be_v inhabit_v by_o five_o several_a nation_n the_o same_o be_v still_o rule_v by_o the_o say_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v now_o govern_v withal_o which_o if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v good_a some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o these_o several_a nation_n move_v either_o with_o justice_n or_o with_o reason_n and_o affection_n will_v have_v change_v or_o abolish_v the_o same_o especial_o the_o roman_n who_o judge_v all_o the_o world_n 2_o second_o for_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o cause_v all_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o be_v faithful_o observe_v according_a to_o the_o former_a institution_n 3_o for_o that_o the_o say_v ancient_a custom_n or_o maxim_n thereof_o be_v inexpugnable_a and_o do_v stand_v of_o their_o own_o authority_n as_o principle_n which_o need_v no_o reason_n to_o confirm_v their_o authority_n as_o the_o law_n of_o solon_n draco_n carondas_n lycurgus_n numa_n pompilius_n and_o the_o law_n of_o twelve_o table_n etc._n etc._n 4_o because_o all_o difference_n and_o controversy_n which_o happen_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n be_v try_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n or_o by_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v still_o according_a to_o the_o law_n 5_o because_o the_o king_n personal_o give_v not_o any_o judgement_n especial_o when_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n see_v it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n 6_o for_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n of_o record_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n which_o do_v sit_v as_o judge_n by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n do_v remain_v authorise_v and_o their_o power_n end_v not_o immediate_o with_o the_o king_n howbeit_o the_o succeed_a king_n do_v confirm_v they_o in_o their_o office_n whereby_o all_o sedition_n be_v prevent_v during_o the_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la 7_o for_o that_o with_o indifferency_n without_o regard_n of_o person_n it_o command_v as_o well_o the_o nobility_n and_o other_o person_n of_o dignity_n by_o way_n of_o utlagare_o or_o outlaw_n as_o the_o mean_a subject_n 8_o for_o exercise_v a_o power_n over_o the_o judge_n which_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o law_n but_o by_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v the_o word_n judicium_fw-la properly_z attribute_v to_o their_o determination_n even_o as_o the_o word_n decretum_fw-la be_v understand_v of_o the_o ordinance_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o magistrate_n follow_v equity_n as_o it_o be_v without_o law_n for_o there_o be_v the_o like_a proportion_n between_o the_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n thereof_o call_v legis_fw-la actio_fw-la as_o there_o be_v between_o equity_n and_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o magistrate_n call_v judicis_fw-la officium_fw-la 9_o for_o that_o the_o officer_n thereof_o be_v authorise_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o due_a execution_n of_o it_o by_o a_o proportionable_a distribution_n namely_o the_o judge_n for_o term_n of_o life_n and_o officer_n subaltern_a change_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o the_o end_n the_o administration_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v more_o indifferent_a 10_o for_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o trial_n thereof_o in_o several_a court_n according_a to_o law_n and_o equity_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o agree_v and_o most_o necessary_a discord_n as_o it_o be_v concordi_fw-la discordia_fw-la whereby_o the_o body_n of_o justice_n be_v support_v by_o strive_v as_o the_o stone_n uphold_v a_o vault_n as_o cato_n say_v 11_o for_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o criminal_a cause_n do_v change_v from_o time_n to_o time_n their_o circuit_n and_o inferior_a judge_n of_o the_o court_n do_v execute_v the_o place_n as_o well_o as_o superior_a judge_n whereby_o partiality_n be_v prevent_v 12_o for_o that_o the_o law_n tend_v most_o careful_o for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o good_n of_o every_o good_a and_o honest_a man_n see_v that_o even_o in_o criminal_a cause_n it_o have_v provide_v as_o much_o as_o may_v stand_v with_o justice_n a_o help_n and_o favour_n permit_v the_o judge_n to_o order_v the_o plead_n of_o offender_n and_o to_o instruct_v they_o to_o avoid_v mispleading_a and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o except_v against_o the_o juror_n which_o they_o dislike_v 13_o for_o that_o it_o do_v forbid_v the_o sale_n of_o office_n thereby_o intend_v due_a administration_n of_o justice_n for_o where_o office_n be_v sell_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o great_a there_o justice_n be_v common_o sell_v by_o