great pain exulceration heat of Urine and stoppage thereof or the like The Signs of the Inflamation of the Reins are a weighty pain in the Reins somtimes beating if the place be affected where the Arteries are And this pain extendeth to the parts adjacent so that the Patient can neither lift himself up not stand upon his feet and scarce turn himself and neither lie upon his side nor his Belly because then the part inflamed will hang down therefore he lies alwaies upon his back and if he either neeze or otherwise move his Body the pain is encreased He hath a numbness or pain in the Leg on the same side by reason of the Nerve that goes from thence to it He hath difficulty of pissing by reason of the heat which is sent to the Urine and filth mixed with it coming from the inflamed part The Urine is first thin and yellow but after red and thick â—e hath a constant sharp Feaver which is attended often with watchings dotings and other great Symptomes also loathing and vomiting by which he voids Choller Flegm and other Humors Somtimes the Gut Colon is inflamed and if it be that part which is neer the Liver it brings the like Symptomes but here is the difference In the Inflamation of the Reins the pain reacheth to the short Ribs the Back and Bladder but that of the Colon tends more to the Belly and there is a greater change of Excrements of the Belly than in the Inflamation of the Kidneys But in the Inflamation of the Kidneys there is a pain about the Pubis and Perinaeum in which there is heat and somtimes redness There is constant heat of Urine but that is stopped when the part swelleth and stoppeth the passage The straight Gut suffers by reason of its neerness hence it is that there is often desire to go to stool with burning somtimes the belly is bound when the Gut is stopped by the inflamed Bladder There are also other common Symptomes mentioned in the Inflamation of the Reins as a Feaver watching doting thirst and the like There can be no good Prognostick in this Disease For the inward Inflamation of the noble inward parts do threaten continual danger of death It is most deadly when a Convulsion or dotage followeth or the like great Symptome and if there be a cold sweat death is at hand In the Inflamation of the Reins if the Hemorrhoids follow it is good If the Inflamation Suppurate and the Imposthume break and go into the passage of the Urine there is hope but if it go by the Emulgent Veins into the Liver and labor to get way through the Guts it is dangerous A final Inflamation of the Bladder with a Sediment in the Urine that is white and equal promiseth health An Inflamation of the bladder is somtimes cured by an Erysipelas or Chollerick Humor arising in the Skin suddenly and by making much Urine The Cure of both Inflamations of the Reins and Bladder is made by revelling deriving cooling and moderately repelling by Anodines Resolvers or Ripeners if need be and the like whose Matter and way of using shall be as followeth And first Phlebotomy is very necessary in the Liver Vein on the same side the pain is twice thrice or four times or oftener if the strength will bear it til the defluxion ceaseth which you may know by the abating of the pain But in the Inflamation of the bladder the right side is to be chosen by reason of the Liver from whence as from a Fountain the blood floweth to the part After much blood is taken away and revulsion is made by the upper Vein you must also open the inferior for derivation sake in the Ham or Ancle as also the Hemorrhoids are to be opened especially if they be swelled Cupping-glasses with Scarrification are also good for Revulsion both above and beneath and Frictions with strong Ligatures of the extream parts to draw the humors outward After and before blood-letting give a mollifying and cooling Clyster that is a little loosening and let it be of a smal quantity lest it oppress the Tumor thus made Take of Marsh-mallow Roots one ounce Mallows Violets Lettice of each one handful sweet Prunes four pair Barley and Violet Leaves of each one pugil make a Decoction to eight or ten ounces In the straining dissolve of Cassia or Diaprunes simple one ounce Oyl of Violets four ounces two Yolks of Eggs Make a Clyster Allay the heat of the blood with Juleps and Emulsions made thus Take of Endive Littice and Purslain Water of each four ounces Syrup of Pomegranates two ounces Syrup of Water Lillies one ounce Make a Julep for three draughts morning and evening Or Take of Sorrel Roots two ounces Mallows Plantane Purslain and Endive of each one handful the tops of white Poppies half a handful Annis and Lettice seed of each one dram Borrage Violets and Water-lilly Flowers of each one pugil boyl them to a pint and an half then add four ounces of the juyce of Pomegranates Or Take of sweet Almonds blanched one ounce fresh Pine-nuts half on ounce Lettice Sorrel Purslain and Poppy seeds of each three drams beat them according to art powering on by degrees of Barley Lettice and Purslain Water one pint and an half Dissolve in the straining Sugar of Roses one ounce Make an Emulsion for three Doses in which we leave out the great cold Seeds because being Diuretick they may draw somthing to those parts especially in the time of the defluxion but in the declination they may be useful You may profitably add to the Emulsion the Syrup of Poppies to stop the flux more violently Also the parts inflamed may be cooled by Clysters made of the Decoction of the Julep aforesaid with Oyl of Roses or Violets two ounces In the beginning of these Inflamations purging is not proper for it is to be feared lest the Humors being moved should flow to the parts affected so that if there then be a great flux of the Belly it is to be stopped for that cause But when the Inflamation is a little allayed and the disease declineth a Purge made of gentle things may be good as of Manna Cassia Rhubarb Tamarinds Diaprunes simple Catholicon and Syrup of Roses with a Decoction of Lettice Purslain and other cooling things prescribed in the Juleps Or you may make a Bolus of some of them Out wardly All the time of the Disease you must apply cooling things that gently repel as moist Epithems of the Water and Juyce of Plantane Sorrel Endive Nightshade Roses with a little Vinegar red Sanders and Camphire Liniments also of Oyl of Roses and Olives Violets Cerat of Sanders white Oyntment or Populeon alone or mixed with a little Vinegar which you must apply to the parts aforesaid every hour cold Or you may make a Liniment of an Egg wel beaten with a little Oyl and Rose Vinegar Or you may make that which is excellent of Oyl of Roses with Vinegar
goeth by fits when in a Coma it comes all at once A true Epilepsy is distinguished from an Epilepsy by consent thus In the true there appears many signs of the Brain affected as heaviness of mind and slowness decay of memory troublesom sleep with dreams dulness of sences slowness and idleness of Body pain of the head and other things Moreover the sick man doth not perceive the fit coming but is suddenly taken therewith unawares at the new Moon for the most part The due proportion of the inferior parts being without blemish do confirm this sign But we may know whether it come from the right or left side of the head most By this either the sight of one eye is more obscured or the hearing more thick with the noise of the head on that side or if the right or left side be more dull But we may know from what humor especially an Epilepsy cometh by those signs which declare when flegm choller or melancholly abound An Epilepsy by consent is thus known There appear no signs of a distempered Brain the Patient perceives his Disease Coming and a wind rising from the parts below or some lower part is weakened or else affected strongly in the time of the fit These things following do shew that the Cause of an Epilepsy is in the stomach Disdain of meat an inability to fast loathing vomiting pain of the stomach gnawing pricking and distention somtimes beating of the heart which ariseth from the Stomach That the disease comes from the Liver or Spleen appears by often belching and breaking of wind a swelling of the belly with rumbling and noise sowr belchings straitness of the Midrif and pain somtimes reaching to the back besides some distemper in inferior parts An Hysterick fit or the Mother mixt with Convulsions if a retaining of the Courses or Seed went before shews that it comes from the Womb. If the Epilepsy comes from an external part some wind is perceived to rise from that part and the matter causing the Disease somtimes tickleth and beateth in the part which is a sign there is a fit at hand and if that part be tied hard the fit is hindred Lastly The Signs of worms shew that the disease come from them as stinking sowr Breath itching of the Nose pain of the Belly earthy Excrements grating of the teeth sleepiness and the like especially if somtimes worms are voided But the extraordinary Causes as Imposthumation foulness of a Bone stopping of urine and the like may be taken from their proper signs As to the Prognostick An Epilepsy is a Disease of long continuance and very stubborn and deadly in Infants An Epilepsy coming haereditary is incurable but that which comes from external causes and evil diet is curable An Epilepsy coming before fourteen yeers of age in Boyes and twelve in Girls is curable after twenty five yeers of age it is incurable out of Hippocrates Aph. 7. Sect. 5. For in the time of ripeness of Age there is great store of Natural heat which is powerful to discuss-Diseases Moreover at that time women begin to have their terms by which the uncleanness of the Body is purged Yet although Hippocrates supposed an Epilepsy to be incurable after twenty five yeers of age yet this is not alwaies true for we find by experience that many have been cured after although but seldom seen therefore we may say that the Aphorism is true for the most part A strong Epilepsy often killeth the Patient in the fit or it turns into an Apoplexy or by reason of the strength of the symptomes and the violent shaking of the Brain the Fabrick of the Body it is overthrown and some parts thereof are broken and it happens somtimes that pieces of the bones called Processus Mammillares come out of the Nose An Epilepsy coming of Melancholly turns somtimes into madness when the humor is sent from the Ventricles of the Brain into the substance thereof The same humor when it is only in the Ventricles of the Brain stopping them and paining them causeth an Epilepsy But when it offends the substance of the Brain which is the seat of the chief â—unctions by defiling its Natural temper and corrupting the Animal Spirits and darkening them it makes a Mâ—lancholly doting Hence Hippocrates 6. epid sect 8. text 40 saith that Melancholly men turn for the most part Epileptick and Epileptick to Melancholly But these Diseases thus change in a two-fold respect either by the change of the matter causing the Disease from its proper seat and so when one comes another goes or by the propagation of the matter and then both remain An Epilepsy coming of flegm turns either into an Apoplexy or a Palsey A Quartan Ague coming upon an Epilepsy and continuing long cureth it by reason the matter of the Diseaâ—e is by degrees coâ—â—â—â—ned by the heat of the Feaver if it be of flegm but if it come of Melancholly it is sent from the part affected to the place where the ground of the disease lieth that it may supply matter to the new sits The â—ure of the Epilepsy is two-fold the one in the fit the other out of it Physitians are seldom called to the Cure of the fit except it continue over long in which cafe those Remedies which we laid down in the Cure of sleepy Diseases especially the Apoplectick Water the Cinnamon Water Aqua vitae and other Spirits which are very proper to discuss the fit Out of your fit you must vary your Cure as the Cause requires And first we shal lay down the Cure of a proper Epilepsy which consists in Evacuation of humors throughout the body in the discussing of the matter of the Disease and rectifying its evil qualities as also in strengthning of the Brain And since the matter offending in a true Epilepsy is for the most part Flegm we will direct our general Cure in oppoâ—â—tion to that admonishing yong beginners that if Choller or Melancholly abound they would prepare and purge them But the specifical Remedies are alwaies the same of what cause soever the Disease doth come For a perfect Cure we must thus proceed First Give him a Potion to purge flegm or some other Medicine to that purpose which the Patient can best take mentioned in the first Chapter First giving a Clyster if his body be bound After if there be signs of Repletion or if the party be Sangume he must be let blood otherwise not Afterwards the Universal Cure of the cold distemper of the Brain is to be followed with this Caution That to the Decoctions Apozemes Diets Sweats Syrups Chewings and head Pouders you ad the Root and Seed of Peony and Misleto of the Oak which all ancient Authors hold to be most proper for the Cure of this disease For his Dâ—et Guajacum is the best Sweater By the use of which Jachinus reports that he cured many but let it be continued thirty or fourty daies To every Dose of the Sudorifick Decoction put some drops
among the causes of a Quotidian Feaver And alwaies before the coming of the Joynt-gout or Inflamation called Erysipelas such a Feaver doth proceed The external waies by which the humor flows from the head are those which are without the skul under the skin and Fernelius supposed that the humors which chiefly carried between the flesh and the skin although by the continuity of the Muscles Membranes and Nerves as also the Veins and Arteries the humors use to flow into the Eyes Teeth Jaws Neck Shoulders Joynts and other external parts Some Authors make difference of Catarrhs which are these Some are called Ferini or wild some Suffocating some Epidemical or common A wild violent Catarrh is that which by its sharpness ulcerateth the Lungs and brings a Consumption and it comes of a sharp and salt humor rising from a hot Liver and sent into the brain and from thence into the Lungs A Suffocating Catarrh is when the humor flows violently into the hollow of the Lungs and is still renewed to the danger of strangling Lastly An Epidemical Catarrh hath a malign quality and is common among the people and comes from the corruption of the Air. The Knowledg of this Disease is from three signs of the Subject of the Disease and of the Cause The Subject or Body apt to fall into a Catarrh is known by the slender Fabrick of it easily pierced with either hot or cold air as also by the too compact Fabrick of it which hindereth a free transpiration as also a weak and cold brain which cannot discuss the vapors which are sent unto it or sufficiently concoct its own nourishment also a hot brain that attracts too many vapors also the contrary actions of the Stomach and Liver when one is hot and the other cold The Signs which shew the Disease either declare it to be coming or present The aforesaid Causes shew it to be coming but especially heaviness in the head dulness and numbness of the Sences long sleep much snorting a snotty nose and more spitting than usual costiveness of Body and abundance of wind The signs of a Catarrh present are manifest for either the humor flowing from the brain is plainly seen or the swellings and pains which it produceth in divers parts The signs of the Causes are also evident for if a Catarrh come of a cold humor there will be sence of cold paleness of face sweet spittle sowr belchings slimy matter or watery and a general flegmatick habit of Body But that the humor distilling is hot appears by redness of the face thirst saltness and sharpness in the mouth inflamation pain and ulcers in the parts affected and a chollerick habit of the whol Body An external Defluxion is known from an internal in regard the pain is more external in the former especially under the skin of the crown of the head where somtimes you may perceive a soft tumor often a painful combing back of the hair and many times the humor is felt to fall down upon the outward parts with great pain heat or cold The Prognostick of this Disease is elegantly laid down by Cornelius Celsus in these words If the humor flow from the head into the nose it is smal if into the jaws it is worse but if upon the Lungs it is worst of all But Hippocrates saith That a Catarrh is very hard to be concocted in those that are very old Where there is a great plenty of humors either from repletion or from evil Concoction there is a dangerous Catarrh for it is to be feared lest the humor flow suddenly and cause Suffocation or some other grievous accident The Cure of this Disease is two-fold The one is of the Cold the other of the Hot Catarrh The whol Cure of a cold Catarrh consists in the preparing and evacuating of the humor off ending and in the revelling of it if it flow to the breast or other part and the stopping of its motion and after let the distemper of the brain be amended First then If the matter be much and flow very violently and we fear least it flow also from other parts especially if the Liver be hot for it is often seen that men subject to Catarrhs have a hot Liver and a cold brain we must breath a Vein but if the matter be but little and move gently and the party be aged and the temper of the Liver not hot so that there is no suspicion for humors to be sent to the brain from any other parts you may omit Phlebotomy The matter offending is first to be diminished with a Potion or Pills or other Purging Medicine mentioned in the chapter of the cold distemper of the Brain Afterwards the remainder of the humor is to be prepared with an Apozeme there also mentioned or if you fear not to disturb the humor too much you may give a purging Apozeme and at last make a compleat Evacuation with stronger Pills or other Purges If the Catarrh be very strong you may give that which will powerfully root out the Matter Coloquintida is very excellent for to purge the Brain strongly but it worketh very violently and is offensive with its bitterness both which faults are corrected by steeping it in Urine for so it laies aside its bitterness and becomes almost without tast and also is so gentle that it may be given to the quantity of a dram safely and it is a most gallant Remedy for all cold Diseases in the head It somtimes happens that Excrementitious Humors sent from the parts beneath into the brain produce a Catarrh and they find a preternatural course that way by reason the natural course by which those humors use to be evacuated is stopped and then the Catarrh is best cured by opening those waies with gentle mild and constant purging that the humors flowing upwards are so sent downwards and by degrees brought to their proper motion And these gentle Purges may be made of Decoctions or Broths long continued but in the mean while you must not neglect strengthening Medicines For Revulsion apply Cupping-glasses and Vesicatories or things to cause blisters to the neck and shoulders and make issues in the hinder part of the head and arms Zacutus Lusitanus in lib. 2. Praxis admirandae observat 160. commends Issues behind the Ears for the best remedy against all distillations from the head And we have seen good success by them especially in defluxion upon the Eyes You may use Errhines Neesings Gargarisms and Masticatories but with this Caution That you use Errhines and Neesings only when the Catarrh falls upon the Jaws Lungs and Stomach but when it falls into the Eyes or Nose use Masticatories and Gargarisms The forms of all these Medicines were set down in the Chapter aforegoing But observe in the use of them that when the matter is somwhat thin you use not strong discussients and dissolvers for by these you shall cause the humors to flow more violently upon the Breast Lungs or other parts
Cardiogmos it is evil for it signifieth that there is a great Inflamation of the Stomach or abundance of bad Humors contained therein The pain of the Stomach coming from Worms or Wind is commonly least dangerous because the Cause is not so bad and not fixed to the part But somtimes from Worms ghawing in the Stomach great Symptomes happen of which the Patient suddenly dieth So when the distemper which begets wind is stubborn and habitual it is not without danger for it turneth to a dry dropsie Hippocrates Aphor. 11. Sect. 4. In a Cardialgia coldness of the extream parts signifieth death at hand The Cure of this Disease is to be varied according to the diversity of the Causes If it come from the Diseases of other parts you must cure them But if the Cause be in the Stomach alone the pain comes either from wind or sharp Humors and Chollerick or from Inflamation Imposthume or Ulcer That which comes from Wind is to be cured by Medicines that discuss and evacuate that flatulent Matter as also the flegm from whence it comes And first you must give a gentle Emollient Laxative Clyster and presently after another Carminative that is expelling wind and discussing of the Decoction of Origan Calamints Penyroyal Rue the lesser Centaury Annis seeds Fennel seeds Carrots and Cummin seeds and the like In which dissolve Benedicta Laxativa Oyl of Dil Rue and Honey of Rosemary If the pain continue you must make a Clyster of equal parts of Sack or Hippocras Oyl of Rue or of Nuts with two ounces of Aqua vitae Or make a Clyster of white Wine with Oyl of Juniper or eight drops of the Chymical Oyl of Cinnamon or Cloves which doth Miracles Then foment the Stomach with this Take of Cypress Roots Galangal Calamus Aromaticus of each one ounce Mints Origan Penyroyal Marjoram Hysop Sage of each one handful Annis Fennel Caraway and Carrot seeds and Bay berries of each half an ounce Chamomel Melilot Rosemary and Lavender flowwers of each one pugil beat them and slice them put them into two bags and boyl them in Sack then squeeze them and apply them one after another to the Stomach and all the Belly When the Matter is not so cold this Fomentation following may be prepared which is highly commended by Forestus because it hath presently cured when other things failed Take of Althaea Roots half an ounce red Roses Chamomel Flowers and tops of Wormwood of each one handful Boyl them in common Water and Chamomel Water to one pint and an half adding in the end a little Rhenish Wine Rose Water and Vinegar Make a Fomentation After Fomentation anoint with Oyl of Rue and Dill mixed with Aqua vitae and a little Chymical Oyl of Sage or Cloves After the anointing apply a Plaister of Bay-berries or instead thereof a Cataplasm of Honey and Cummin seed While these are doing if there be loathing you may provoke vomiting gently or give a Purge against flegm After Purging give Oyl of bitter Almonds newly drawn mixed with white Wine or Hippocras mixed with Aqua Clareta or Cinnamon Water This following Juleps is most admirable to asswage pain discuss wind and strengthen the Stomach Take of Wormwood Centuary the less and Agrimony of each half a handful boyl them to five ounces and ad to it being strained one ounce of Sugar Let him take it two mornings together Amatus Lucitanus commends highly the distilled Water of Chamomel flowers as a most excellent Remedy to asswage the pains of the Stomach and Entrals of which you must give three ounces warm Or in the defect of that you may make a Decoction of Chamomel flowers which is so much commended by Forestus who saith that he cured a Merchant with this only Decoction once only given of great pain of his Stomach which made him to roar which when he had drunk off he belched and fell into a sweat and all his pain vanished as by an Inchantment so that he needed no other help You may also make a Vomit at the beginning of the disease which by evacuation may abate the pain of this Decoction made with Dill seeds or Agarick or the Roots of Asarabacca dissolving therein Oxymel Syrup of Vinegar or of Roses Solutive Galen teacheth that a Cupping glass applied to the Stomach doth presently take away pain But you must use this Caution That no crude Humor or very little lie in the Stomach otherwise the pain will be encreased Also you may with good success apply Bread hot from the Oven cut in the middle either by it self or sprinkled with Spices Lastly If the pain continue violent you must use a bath of the Decoction of mollifying Herbs that are hot which is most safe and powerful for it takes away the pain by discussing the wind and sending it forth by the open pores which it will better do if you give some discussing Medicine to the Patient while he is in the Bath for both internal and external helps concurring the work will be done The Bath must be very hot that the wind may be the better discussed and the thick Humors melted If by reason of the vehement pain Clysters can neither be given nor retained you must give a Purge in the Bath and let him stay therein an hour or half an hour till the power of the Medicine touch the Stomach Somtimes when the violence of the pain threateneth danger you must give Narcoticks which being wisely given bring wonderful effects Some mix Narcoticks with their Purges that the pain may be allayed and the Matter evacuated such as the Medicine of Elidaeus commended by Forestus made thus Take of Diaphoenicon half an ounce Philonium Romanum two scruples with the Water or Decoction of Chamomel make a Potion After the pain is gone let them who are subject to this Disease be purged once or twice in a month to take away the immediate cause of wind And let them use strengtheners such as were prescribed in the Cure of Concoction hurt That pain which comes of Choller is to be cured by the evacuation thereof with a gentle vomit or Purge or with frequent Clysters that are emollient not sharp or hot Afterwards qualifie the sharpness of the Humors with cooling Juleps that thicken with Emulsions of the great cold Seeds new Milk new Oyl of sweet Almonds Yolks of Eggs and the like In the mean while omit not Opiates and other strengtheners prescribed in the former Cures And at last when need requireth use Narcoticks Apply outwardly a Cataplasm of Bread and Milk with yolks of Eggs and Saffron Or Bread from the Oven broken in the middle and dipt in Vinegar Or Foment the part with the Decoction of Chamomil-flowers Violets and Water Lillies or which is best put the Patient in a warm Bath for that is most proper After the pain is gone lest it should return let the Patient Purge twice every month and let the hot Distemper of his Belly be corrected with a
THE Practice of Physick IN Seventeen several Books Wherein is plainly set forth The Nature Cause Differences and Several Sorts of Signs Together with the Cure of all Diseases in the Body of Man By Nicholas Culpeper Physitian and Astrologer Abdiah Cole Doctor of Physick And William Rowland Physitian Being chiefly a Translation of THE WORKS OF THAT Learned and Renowned Doctor LAZARUS RIVERIUS Now living Councellor and Physitian to the present King of France Above fifteen thousand of the said Books in Latin have been Sold in a very few Yeers having been eight times printed though all the former Impressions wanted the Nature Causes Signs and Differences of the Diseases and had only the Medicines for the Cure of them as plainly appears by the Authors Epistle The Names of the seventeen Books of the Practice of Physick and the Principal Matters treated of in each of them are printed in one sheet of Paper and put before these Books With these Books is bound a Physical Dictionary explaining hard Words used in these Books and others LONDON Printed by Peter Cole in Leaden-Hall and are to be sold at his Shop at the Sign of the Printing-press in Cornhil neer the Royal Exchange 1655. THE COMPLEAT PRACTICE OF PHYSICK IN EIGHTEEN SEVERAL BOOKS Wherein is plainly set forth The Nature Differences Diagnostick and Prognostick Signs Together with the Cure of all Diseases in the Body of Man By Nicholas Culpeper Physitian and Astrologer Abdiah Cole Doctor of Physick And William Rowland Physitian Being chiefly a Translation of THE WORKS OF THAT Learned and Renowned Doctor LAZARUS RIVERIUS Now living and Physitian to the present King of France Above fifteen thousand of the said Books in Latin have been Sold in a very few Yeers having been eight times printed The Names of the seventeen Books of the Practice of Physick and the Principal Matters treated of in each of them are printed in one sheet of Paper and put before these Books The Eighteenth Book is a Physical Dictionary explaining hard Words used in these Books and others LONDON Printed by Peter Cole in Leaden-Hall and are to be sold at his Shop at the Sign of the Printing-press in Cornhil neer the Royal Exchange 1655. THE PRINTER TO THE READER READER THY cheerful Acceptance of my former Endeavors in this kind for the Good of my Native Country hath encouraged me though with great Care Labor and Cost to present thee with the Learned Judicious and Worthily renowned Riverius his Practice of Physick He is an Author now living and sufficiently known And his Work will speak for it self and praise him in the Gates And if thou shalt shew a Friendly Countenance to this worthy Stranger who now speaks English I shall be thereby encouraged by all other means to study to promote thy Good by bringing thee more acquainted with this and other excellent Authors And whereas some either out of envy or mis-understanding do condemn Works of this Nature published in our Mother Tongue alleadging chiefly That such Books encrease the number of Empericks are a hinderance to learned and able Physitians also occasion some to hurt themselves by rashly practising on their own Bodies I shall Answer to these Objections in order First as for Empericks These Books and such as these published in English are so far from making more Empericks that they will spoil those that are and make that we shall have fewer of them For an Emperick being one that gives Physick Hab Nab as wee use to say relying only on Experience and what he hath seen done before him not being able to give any reason touching the Disease its Cause or Cure These Books will teach such persons how to go upon good grounds and to be able to give a solid Reason for what they do and of Empericks make them Rational Physitians if they be men of good Natural Parts though they be ignorant of all Tongues but their Mothers As for the hurt which is hereby pretended to be done to learned Physitians it is a meer Imagination and no learned Physitian that bethinks himself well will so judg For the use of these Books respects chiefly the Poor of this Nation together with Sea-farers and Soldiers But for the Rich that have Money to spare and bide at home no otherwise in point of practice than for an honest Curiosity and delightful Speculation What rich man is there so mad who reading a Chapter in these Books and seeing what a world of Considerations and Cautions do belong to the knowledg and orderly Cure of every Disease but will be more fearful than ever he was before to commit himself to the Cure of any but a learned Physitian Now it is not by the Poor but by the Rich that the learned Physitian maintains himself the poor are but a trouble to him only before such Books as these were extant in the English Tongue Conscience somtime forced the learned Physitian to take care of the poor because the unlearned were wholly unable whereas now there may be found Industrious men that know no more Languages than their Native one who may in a rational way contribute to the Necessities of the Poor Nay these kind of Books are profitable to the learned Physitians for many of the Gentry especially of the Ladies and Gentlewomen viewing the state of their own Bodies in such Books as these as in Looking-Glasses will perceive certain Diseases in themselves either now in being or likely ere long to seize upon them which otherwise they would never have so much as dream'd of and thereupon crave the Advice and Assistance of the learned Physitian Also the Ladies and Gentlewomen being well read in such Books as these will better know how to demean themselves towards their Husbands Children or other Relations and Friends in their respective Sickness in point of ordering them and will be more apprehensive of the Physitians Directions and so better able to practice them also more capable of his Reasons and Prognosticks and so more confident and cheerfully obedient All which wil very much advance the Cure and consequently the Honor and Gain of the learned Physitian for as Hippocrates notes in his first Aphorism It is not enough towards the Cure that the Physitian do what is fitting but the by-standers and friends of the Sick must play their part or all will not be well And in the third place Whereas it is objected That people reading these Books will practice upon themselves and hurt themselves I Answer If they do they have none to blame but their own folly for it is not the intent of the Publishers of these Books that every one that can read English should dare to take of their own Heads such Medicines as are described in the said Books But our intent is That where in the Country there is no learned Physitian at hand at Sea in the States and Merchants Ship where the Chyrurgion is compelled to act both his own and the Physitians part In Armies and
practising Physick 7 A Treatise of the Rickets being a Disease common to Children wherein is shewed 1 The Essence 2 The Causes 3 The Signs 4 The Remedies of the Disease Published in Latin by Dr. Glisson Dr. Bate and Dr. Regemorter translated into English And corrected by N. Culpeper 8 The Practice of Physick containing seventeen Books A Godly and Fruitful Exposition on the first Epistle of Peter By Mr. John Rogers Minister of the Word of God at Dedham in Essex The Wonders of the Load-stone By Samuel Ward of Ipswitch An Exposition on the Gospel of the Evangelist St. Matthew By Mr. Ward Clows Chyrurgery Marks of Salvation Christians Engagement for the Gospel by John Goodwin Great Church Ordinance of Baptism Mr. Love's Case containing his Petitions Narrative and Speech Vox Pacifica or a perswasive to peace Dr. Prestons Saints submission and Satans Overthrow Pious Mans Practice in Parliament Time Mr. Symsons Sermon at Westminster Mr. Feaks Sermon before the Lord Major Mr. Phillips Treatise of Hell of Christs Geneology Eaton on the Oath of Allegiance and Covenant shewing that they oblige not Eleven Books of Mr. Jeremish Burroughs lately published As also the Texts of Scripture upon which they are grounded 1 The Rare Jewel of Christian Contentment on Phil. 4. 11. Wherein is shewed 1 What Contentment is 2 It is an Holy Art and Mystery 3 The Excellencies of it 4 The Evil of the contrary sin of Murmuring and the Aggravations of it 2 Gospel Worship on Levit. 10. 3. Wherein is shewed 1 The right manner of the Worship of God in general and particularly In Hearing the Word Receiving the Lords Supper and Prayer 3 Gospel Conversation on Phil. 1. 17. Wherein is shewed 1 That the Conversations of Beleevers must be above what could be by the Light of Nature 2 Beyond those that lived under the Law 3 And sutable to what Truths the Gospel holds forth To which is added The Misery of those men that have their Portion in this Life only on Psal 17. 14. 4 A Treatise of Earthly-Mindedness Wherein is shewed 1 What Earthly-mindedness is 2 The great Evil thereof on Phil. 3. part of the 19. Verse Also to the same Book is joyned A Treatise of Heavenly-Mindedness and Walking with God on Gen. 5. 24. and on Phil. 3. 20. 5 An Exposition on the fourth fifth sixth and seventh Chapters of the Prophesie of Hosea 6 An Exposition on the eighth ninth and tenth Chapters of Hosea 7 An Exposition on the eleventh twelfth and thirteenth Chapters of Hosea being now compleat 8 The Evil of Evils or the exceeding Sinfulness of Sin on Job 36. 21. 9 Precious Faith on 2 Pet. 1. 1. 10 Of Hope on 1 John 3. 3. 11 Of Walking by Faith on 2 Cor. 5. 7. Twelve several Books of Mr. William Bridge Collected into one Volumn Viz. 1 The Great Gospel Mystery of the Saints Comfort and Holiness opened and applied from Christs Priestly Office 2 Satans Power to Tempt and Christs Love to and Care of His People under Temptation 3 Thankfulness required in every Condition 4 Grace for Grace or the Over-flowing of Christs Fulness received by all Saints 5 The Spiritual Actings of Faith through Natural Impossibilities 6 Evangelical Repentance 7 The Spiritual-Life and In-being of Christ in all Beleevers 8 The Woman of Canaan 9 The Saints Hiding-place in time of Gods Anger 10 Christs Coming is at our Midnight 11 A Vindication of Gospel Ordinances 12 Grace and Love beyond Gifts A Congregational Church is a Catholick Visible Church By Samuel Stone in New England A Treatise of Politick Powers wherein seven Questions are Answered 1 Whereof Power is made and for what ordained 2 Whether Kings and Governors have an Absolute Power over the People 3 Whether Kings and Governors be subject to the Laws of God or the Laws of their Countrie 4 How far the People are to obey their Governors 5 Whether all the people have be their Governors 6 Whether it be Lawful to depose an evil Governor 7 What Confidence is to be given to Princes The Compassionate Samaritan Dr. Sibbs on the Philippians The Best and Worst Magistrate By Obadiah Sedgwick The Craft and Cruelty of the Churches Adversaries By Matthew Newcomen A Sacred Panegerick By Stephen Martial Barriffs Military Discipline The Immortality of Mans Soul The Anatomist Anatomized King Charls his Case or an Appeal to all Rational Men concerning his Tryal Mr. Owens stedfastness of the Promises A Vindication of Free Grace Endeavoring to prove 1 That we are not elected as holy but that we should be holy and that Election is not of kinds but persons 2 That Christ did not by his Death intend to save all men and touching those whom he intended to save that he did not die for them only if they would beleeve but that they might beleeve 3 That we are not justified properly by our beleeving in Christ but by our Christ beleeving in 4 That that which differenceth one man from another is not the improvement of a common ability restored through Christ â—o all men in general but a principle of Grace wrought by the Spirit of God in the Elect. By John Pawson Six Sermons preached by Doctor Hill Vix 1 The Beauty and Sweetness of an Olive Branch of Peace and Brotherly Accommodation budding 2 Truth and Love happily married in the Church of Christ 3 The Spring of strengthening Grace in the Rock of Ages Christ Jesus 4 The strength of the Saints to make Jesus Christ their strength 5 The Best and Worst of Paul 6 Gods eternal preparation for his Dying Saints The Bishop of Canterbury's Speech on the Scaffold The King's Speech on the Scaffold The Magistrates Support and Burden By Mr. John Cordel The Discipline of the Church in New England by the Churches and Synod there A Relation of Barbadoes A Relation of the Repentance and Conversion of the Indians in New-England By Mr. Eliot and Mr. Mayhew The History of Montress and his Actions for Charles the First His passions for Charles the Second King of Scots The Institutes of the Laws of England by John Cowel Octavo A description of the Grand Signors Seraglio or Turkish Emperors Court By John Greaves Octavo The reigning error Arraigned at the Bar of scripture and Reason By Francis Fulwood Octavo The state of Future Life By Thomas White Twelves The Royal and delightful Game of Picquet written in French and now rendered into English Octavo De copore Politico or The Elements of Law moral and politick By Thomas Hobs of Malmsbury The History of the Rites Customs and manner of life of the present Jews throughout the World Octavo The London Dispensatory in Latin in Folio The London Dispensatory in Latin in Twelves A Poem upon the late Fight at sea between the two great Fleets of England and Holland These several Books of Physick and Chyrurgerie will shortly be printed in English Riverius Observations with fifteen hundred and seventie other Histories and Observations of other
men Riolanus Anatomy Bartholinus Anatomy All the Works of Daniel Sennertus except some few not proper for Translation The Idea of Practical Physick being a compleat Body of Physick And Fernelius his Works These Books of Divinity will speedily be printed Mr. Burroughs on 1 Cor. 5. 7. and 18 19. 29. And fifty nine Sermons on Matthew 11. 28 29 30. Seventeen Books of Mr. Thomas Hooker being the substance of many Sermons preached in New-England Several pieces of Mr. Bridge of Yarmouth Viz. 1 Scripture Light the most sure Light compaâ—ed with 1. Revelations and Visions 2. Natural and supernatural Dreams 3. Impressions with and without Word 4. Light and Law within 5. Divine Providence 6. Christian Experience 7. Humane Reason 8. Judicial Astrology Delivered in three Sermons on 2 Pet. 1. 19. 2 Christ in Travel Wherein The 1. Travel of his soul 2. The first and after effects of his Death 3. His Assurance of Issue 4. And His satisfaction therein Are opened and cleered in three Sermons on Esay 53. 11. 3 A Lifting up for the Cast-down in case of 1. Great sin 2. Weakness of Grace 3. Miscarriage of Duties 4. Want of Assurance 5. Affliction 6. Temptation 7. Dissertion 8. Unserviceableness 9. Discouragements from the Condition it self Delivered in thirteen Sermons on Psalm 42. 11. His Four Sermons concerning 1 Sin against the Holy-Ghost 2 Sins of Infirmities 3 The fifth Monarchy 4 The Good and means of Establishment Francisci Tayleri Capitula Patrum Hebricè Latinè edita Una cum Annotationibus sensum locorum difficilium Experimentibus Francisci Tayleri Lamentationes Jeremiae vatis Denuo è fontibus Hebraicis translatae cum Paraphrasi Chaldaica Masora magna parva Commentariis Rabbi Shelomoh Jarchi Aben Ezrae è Buxtorfii Bibliis magnis excerptis The Author to the Reader FIfteen Yeers ago Friendly Reader to Satisfie the Desires of my Auditors I undertook to explain unto them the Methodicall Cure of all inward Diseases of the Body which that I might accomplish the sooner I medled not at all in a manner with the Theory knowing ful well that any Student might with ease enough fetch the same from divers Authors which notwithstanding they could not so easily do in point of Practice because of the almost infinite Company variety of Medicaments wherewith the Books of those that have delivered the Practical part of Physick do swarm with which Young Beginners are so confounded that they remain amazed not knowing which to choose I conceived it would be most profitable for them if out of such a multitude of Medicaments I should select the most choice and which were most frequently used and dispose them into the same order which we are wont to observe in our Practice when we attend the Cure of our sick Patients This Method of teaching gave such content to our Students of Physick that as many as came flocking to this University to study after that I had finished the same did all earnestly desire to have written Coppies thereof and many of them did frequently exhort me and earnestly Beg that I would suffer it to be printed and so for the future free all Men from the tedious Labor of writing it out But I who never had the thought being very free from Self-Love that my writings were of so much worth as to be published in Print especially this Method of Practice which was slipt from me as a thing only begun with rude Notes hastily huddled up to perform my daily task of Reading and half maimed for want of the Theoretick part I thought it better to beleeve my own Conscience than their too favourable Opinion I pondered likewise in my Mind that it was a very hazardous thing to subject my Reputation to the Judgment of the whol world and as it commonly falls out to the biting Teeth of envious detractors especially in this polished Age abounding with neat and pasing fine Witts who are hardly pleased with such workes as have been wrought with the greatest Industry possible and who are wont to peep curiously to spy spots in the shining Sun Nevertheless this unperfect Birth of mine which I desired to keep close and hidden was sent into the wide world by one of my Schollers who without my knowledg and against my will gave that imperfect homely and unpolished work to a Printer of Paris to print And this Child of mine which I did count Abortive was more pleasing and found greater Favour in the Eyes of Strangers than in its Fathers for all the Books of this first Edition were suddainly sold off A second Edition and a little after a Third was procured by the same Printer by which all Europe was filled with Copies Nevertheless some yeers after there came out three other Editions within two yeers time one at Lions and two other in Holland viz. at Tergow and the Hague In the mean while I received very many Letters out of the Chief Cities of FRANCE GERMANY HOLLAND and ITALY from Doctors of Physick whom I was acquainted with when they studied Physick in this University seriously expostulating that this Work was Lame because it wanted the Theory of the Disease and withall advising me that it would be worth my pains to spend some part of my studies that way Conceiving at length that it was fitting to consent unto their just requests I laboured with all my might as far as my Employments and Health would give me leave to finish and publish this Theoretick part insomuch that at last Blessed and Praised be God I brought the same to a conclusion Accept it freindly Reader with a cheerfull mind being Joyned to the foresaid Practick part so that in one continued Discourse thou maiest Behold the Nature Differences Causes Diagnostick and Prognostick Signs together with the Cure ofall Diseases I Suppose this Child of mine will merit highly thy Favour being now adorned in all its parts and advanced to a far greater Degree of Perfection and seeing that thou wert pleased with it in its Cradle and Swadling-Clouts now that it is greater and hath attained its perfect Stature of Body it will not I hope Displease thee Enjoy it with Gods Blessing and whatever thou shalt learn therefrom let Christian Charity cause the to employ it for thee Good of thy Neighbour Also I desire thee to take notice that many faults were crept into the former Editions through the negligence of Printers all which I have carefully corrected in this Edition And furthermore I have added many and those very Choice Medicaments to the Cures formerly printed which will not a little conduce to the happy cure of difficult Diseases Forewel From my Study at Monpelier the first of July Lazarus Riverius An EPIGRAM shewing who are Doctors of Physick and who not Doctors or Teachers they of Physick are Whether by Pen they do it or in Chair With lively Voyce that teach the way to know Mans Nature Health and Sickness and do show Diseases Cause and Cure But
wet the Brain that it becomes weak and faint in its functions and performances Therfore Drunkards sleep profoundly from the vapor of the Wine and the abundance of crudities sent up into the Brain So Children that are troubled with the worms are often taken with sleepy diseases from the abundance of gross and thick vapors which arise from crude and waterish humors Soin intermitting Feavers or Agues sometimes in the beginning of the Disease there is irresistable sleep by reason of the crude and stinking humors which are contained in the veins especially in the Meseraick veins which humors being made thin by the heat of the fit of the Ague send many vapors to the head and produce such a sleep as ends with his cold fit somtimes and at other times continues to the end of the fit according as the vapors are more gross or thin or as they are more or less in quantity and so are longer and sooner discussed and dispersed Fiftly Many times so great a sleeping Disease is begot by the too frequent use of Medicines called Narcoticks that do produce sleep that many unawares by the unskilful use of Opium have slept their last There is also the same stupifying force in some living Creatures as in the Torpedo or Cramp-fish So Plutarch reports in the death of Cleopatra That the sting of a Viper causeth deadly sleep But in mans Body this stupid sleeping condition comes from the putrefaction of humors which is seen in malignant and pestilential Feavers hence it is that in those diseases they are very sleepy oftentimes which is a certain sign of venenosity and malignity and somtimes of death The Diagnosticks or Signs which shew the differences of these sleeping Diseases were set down in the beginning of this Chapter But the Signs of the Causes that produce these Diseases are these When sleepy Diseases come from watery humors putrifying in the Brain these are the signs A Flegmatick Constitution Old Age Infancy a cold and moist dwelling and season a stopping of an accustomed spitting and blowing of the Nose and when the sick man before the coming of the disease was troubled with heaviness of the Head dimness of sight and dulness of the whol Body and when in the Disease there is a defluxion of Rhewm from the Nose or Mouth or when the sick party feeleth it trickle down his Throat That sleeping Diseases are bred of blood appears by a plethorick or full Body red Face pain of the Head going before the Disease A Tumor or swelling in the Brain is scarce by any signs to be known but is only manifest after death by opening of the Skull as was before mentioned That the Disease comes from vapors flying into the Brain appears from those signs which shew the particular Diseases of those parts from whence the vapors are sent up to the Brain A surfet going before with crude and sharp belchings and other signs of crude humors in the Stomach and other parts of the lower Belly shew that the Disease comes from vapors which are sent from the Stomach But if the Vapors come from Worms you shal know that in the Chapter of them As for the Prognosis or foreknowledg of things in these Diseases Every sleeping Disease is dangerous but by how much the deeper the sleep is and the sick man harder to be awaked by so much greater is the danger and thereâ—ore a Carus is more dangerous than a Coma or a Lethargie but an Aâ—oplexy is worse than a Carus for if it be violent it is altogether incurable as Hippocrates observeth in his 42. Aporism of the Second Section which is thus It is impossible to cure a strong Apoplexy and not very easie to cure a weak one a strong Apoplexy is when the breathing is uneven and disorderly and sometimes intermitting and if such a breathing is very violent the disease is stronger if the breath be stopt it is most strong but when there is some order in the breathing the Disease is weaker which is declared by Galen in his Comment upon the said Aphorisms A sleeping Disease is very dangerous which comes upon an acute Diâ—ease for it either signifies the extinction of the Natural heat or a poysonous malignant quality which hath seized on the Brain That Disease which comes by consent of the lower parts and from vapors which arise from them is less dangerous Men sick of a Lethargy die within seven daies if they live longer they recover Hippocrates in his Book of Diseases Sleeping Diseases in old men are for the most part deadly for in regard of their want of Natural heat they having a weak concoction and weak expulsion it comes to pass that they cannot overcome and expel that humor which causeth the Disease much less can they expel that humor which aboundeth in the Brain for since the Brain is the coldest part of the Body it must needs in old people have its heat diminished and extinguished sooner than any other parts In a Lethargy if a Tumor happen under the Ears or if matter or filth come forth of the Ears and the symptomes abate it is a sign of health for it sheweth the strength Nature hath got over the cause of the Disease which it expels before perfect concoction out of the Emunctuaries under the Ears or purgeth it out being turned into matter by the Natural passages They who are preserved and cured of the Lethargy do use after to spit matter and blood Hippocrates in Coac and Third Book of Diseases This Opinion say some agrees not with Experience for few have seen a true Empyema or corrupt matter between the Breast and the Lungs follow a Lethargy But the Interpretation of Mercurialis upon the Aphorism is very right for he saith That Hippocrates meaneth by Empyema and Empyicus not the disease of the Breast but when filth is discharged by the Ears and Nostrils And Galen hath taught us in his Commentary upon Aphorism 8. Sect. 5. and Aphorism 44. Sect. 7. That Hippocrates by Empyema understands there not only that â—uppuration and breeding of matter which is in the Breast but also that which is in al other parts It is good sign when a Phrensie followeth a sleepy Disease coming of a cold cause because by that violent heat which causeth a Phrensie the watery matter which begets a sleepy Disease is concocted Men in Apoplexies die in seven daies except a Feaver take them Hippocâ—ates 2. of Diseases and Aphor. 51. Sect. 6. but that Feaver must be a violent one and essentially springâ—ng from the inflamation of the Humors and Spirits otherwise it will not discuss the matter which causeth the Apoplexy for if it be gentle and only symptomatical or happening to the Disease as an accident as in an Apoplexy coming from the burning disposition of the head through too much blood contained in the veins thereof then the Feaver doth not diminish the Disease but rather cause some symptomes of madness which weaken the Animal Faculties and in this
since that which comes from the Stomach and Spleen is as usual and as frequent if not more Therefore we divide an Epilepsy into a Proper one and one by Consent Again we subdivide that which is by consent according to the divers parts from whence these sharp and malignant vapors are sent to the Brain for there is almost no part in the Body from which a malignant vapor cannot be sent Two Stories are related by Galen in the place quoted the one of a Boy of thirteen yeers old who at the first had the Epilepsy in his Leg after that it ascended into his Thigh and Bowels and by the sides into the neck til it came to the head which at first touch made him not able to stand Another is of a Youth who in the beginning of his fit perceived as it were a cold air to ascend But it is remarkable and well known that an Epilepsy comes for the most part from the Guts the matter that breeds worms from the Matrix and other parts and it is confirmed by many Authors Therefore it is manifest from what hath been said how Galens Opinion may be defended who affirms That a proper Epilepsy comes of an imperfect obstruction of the ventricle of the Brain which we cannot defend to be the constant cause as Galen seems to grant who laies down no other but we are rather forced to confess that it is less usual than the rest Nor do the Arguments brought against Galen any way convince the chief whereof are these First As Fernelius saith if an Epilepsy comes from plenty of Humors it would come most in the sleep at which time there is plenty of Humor I answer That the humor of which sleep is begot is in the substance not the Ventricles of the Brain and therefore doth not stir up the expulsive faculty which resideth most in the Ventricles Secondly Fernelius saith That because an Epilepsy is quickly dissolved it should turn into a Palsey as an Apoplexy doth when the humor is cast into the nerves I answer That in an Apoplexy by reason of the weakness of the expulsive faculty which is oppressed by many humors they are cast into the parts adjoyning but expulsion being stronger and more free in an Epilepsy they are sent to those parts which are ordained by Nature for their discharge And it is false which Fernelius saith That an Epilepsy never ends in a Palsey for we have seen a Palsey come after it And somtimes Apoplexies at their first coming are turned into Convulsions before there be a perfect obstruction of the Ventricles of the Brain and also many Epileptick men die by an Apoplexy when a little obstruction turns into a total stopping Thirdly Against Galen some argue thus As a compleat Obstruction of the Ventricles totally takes away the functions of the Brain in an Apoplexy So an incompleat Obstruction would only diminish not deprave the Functions nor produce such convulsive motions as are somtimes more violent than sound motions I answer That Nature being wholly oppressed by a total obstruction doth not labor for expulsion but she hath strength enough in a half obstruction to move and stir up the Brain to expulsion This is confirmed by the Example of a defluxion falling upon the Lungs which if it fill the whol Lungs it makes great difficulty of breathing without a Cough as cometh to pas in an Astma or shortness of breathing But if a smal quantity only of humor do fall the Lungs are stirred up to expulsion whence cometh a Cough The Signs of an Epilepsy are of three sorts Either they are such as signifie an approaching Epilepsy or one that is present or such as shew the difference of Epilepsyes The Signs of an Epilepsy approaching are two-fold Either they signifie the first coming of the Disease or some Fit to be at hand â—he same signs serve for both but most surely in those who are actually possessed therewith do they shew the condition of it in its return for in those who never had this disease formerly these signs are doubtful for the most part and may declare many head diseases but all of them together may give some certainty Therefore al signs of an eminent Epilepsy are to be propounded with this admonition That al signs do not meet in al but some in one some in another as the causes and constitutions do differ But that they may orderly be laid down we must search the originals of these signs which flow from Animal Vital and Natural actions from excrements qualities changed and proper accidents In respect of the Animal Functions and unaccustomed disturbance of the mind and Body threatneth an Epilepsy heaviness of head head-ach vertigo or giddiness or much sleep from whence the Body hath no refreshment troublesom dreams dulness of mind or perplexity forgetfulness sorrow fear dread sloth graveness of actions snatching and trembling of the parts dulness of the sences a down look clouds and other things flying before the eyes noise in the ears a stink in the nostrils a stiff tongue and its inordinate Motion yawning and neezing In respect of the Vital Function these with others are the signs Anger Beating or palpitation of the heart straitness of Breast and alteration in Breathing In respect of Natural Functions these are forerunners of an Epilepsy disdain of meat or immoderate Appetite Squeamishness heart-burning In respect of Excrements these are signs Much spittle thin and crude Urine often Nocturnal Pollutions In regard of qualities and proper accidents changed Paleness of Face and swelling of the heart A present Epilepsy is easily known if it be perfect but it hath many differences which cause difficulty as we shall shew In a compleat fit all the Sences both internal and external are hindred The party suddenly falls and the whol Body or at least some parts are diversly moved Moreover there is a staring and thrusting forth of the eyes gnashing of Teeth a difficult breathing as in those that are hanged the seed dung and urine are sent forth involuntarily and about the end of the fit he foameth at the Mouth and Nose which happen only in a vehement Epilepsy and the fit being ended he forgets all things he then acted Some of the Ancients make three kinds of Epilepsies One which is like a deep sleep another which doth shake the body after divers motions a third which is made of both the former The late Physitians deny the first kind saying That it is more like a Coma or a Carus than an Epilepsy and these two Diseases cannot be otherwise distinguished but that in a Coma is a deep sleep without a Convulsion and a Convulsion is a certain sign of an Epilepsie But Avicen saith otherwise namely That an Epilepsy comes many times without an apparant Convulsion And experience teacheth us That many men in Epilepsies have fits like Coma and it 's known to be an Epilepsie not a Coma or a Carus by this The sleep in an Epilepsie cometh and
able to exercise a voluntary Motion perfectly The Spirits are made weak either by a fault in themselves or by a defect in the Nerves which are the Conduit Pipes by which they are carried and do act The fault is in the Spirits either when they are but few at the first or when they are afterwards dissipated They are few at the first either by reason of the cold distemper of the Brain as in old men or through the want of vital Spirits which are the matter of which the animal are made The Spirits are dissipated from many external Causes as immoderate Evacuations much use of Venery and unseasonable great pain and constant fasting sorrow and long violent Diseases The Spirits are hurt by defect in the Nerves and are weakned either when the Nerves are too cold or are infected with a malignant quality or obstructed or compressed They grow too cold either from a cold Air from use of cold meats or much drinking of Water swimming often in cold water and the like They are infected by the use of Opium Henbane Poppy and the vapor of Quick-silver as it is seen in Gold-smiths and them which have the French Pox and have been cured with the fume of Cinnaber So in malignant Feavers tremblings come also which are rather to be accounted Convulsive Motions and also they come from the provocation or irritation of the Nervous parts They are stopped not wholly as in a Palsey but much less but by the same cause namely a watery humor gently sprinkled upon the Nerves which is produced of gluttony drunkenness and other Causes Lastly Trembling may come from compression of the Nerves when excrementitious humors abounding in the whol Body do compress the Nerves and hinder the free passage of the Animal Spirits Hercules Saxonia besides the causes mentioned borrowed from Galen acknowledgeth another Tremor coming of wind and Cardanus another from pain in nervous parts But they are deceived because the Motion produced from those Causes are to be referred to Palpitation or Convulsive Motion There is no need of signs in this disease because trembling appears of it self But the Causes that produce it are to be known by their proper signs as also we must search for those external Causes which went before As for the Prognostick Trembling of it self is not dangerous but if it be in old people it continueth with them til they die But it may be deadly by accident in as much as it usually goes before a Palsey or an Apoplexy You must Cure Trembling as you cure the Palsey and therefore we shall not make vain repetitions of Medicines CHAP. XI Of Phrenitis or Phrenzie A Phrenzy is an Inflamation of the Brain and its Membranes with a continual dotage and a a sharp constant Feaver By the word Inflamation we understand a true Tumor which is commonly called a contracted Inflamation coming of Blood out of the Vessels falling upon the substance of the part for the Blood being hot and Chollerick and in the Membranes or substance of the Brain causeth a true Erysipelas or an Erysipelas Phlegmonodes or Phlegmon Erysipelatodes By Delirium or Doting we understand the erring of Reason for we suppose that fault cannot be in the Imagination alone without a fault be in the Reason in a Phrenzy whatsoever others think we are led by the Authority of Galen who in his Book of the Difference of Symptomes chap. 3. gives an Example of one Theophilus a Physitian who thought Fidlers sate continually in a corner of his house playing and beleeved that he saw them somtimes standing somtimes sitting and cried continually that they should be cast out of doors And Galen saith that in him the Imagination was hurt without the Reason First therefore we may say that Theophilus had not a Phenzy for Galen doth not say that he had but speaking of a Delirium which Theophilus had therefore it was rather Melancholly because they somtimes err in one object and discourse wel concerning other so saith Galen of Theophilus that he had wisdom in other things both to discourse and to know his friends But we say further of Theophilus that not only his Imagination but also his Reason was hurt because he really thought the Fidlers were there and desired they should be put forth For when the Imagination alone is hurt the Reason being not hurt acknowledgeth the error of Imagination as in a Vertigo in which the Patient thinks al things run round but Reason knoweth that it is not so indeed but that Imagination doth err Nor is the Opinion of Eustachius Rudius to be received in this case who saith That it never comes to pass that the Imagination should be hurt the Reason being sound because Reason worketh upon Phantasms received from the Imagination and therefore if foolish Phantasms are offered to the Reason he thinks it necessary that the Understanding beholding those foolish fansies should also be foolish And hence Eustachius gathers that the Imagination is not depraved but there is a meer and simple deceit of the sight We say that the understanding doth run from one thing to another and is busied about those Species which are retained in the Memory and though the Fansie presents absurdities to the Mind yet the Species before received are still retained in the Memory and are presented to the Reason it can know and correct that mistake of the Fansie namely if it judg that those absurd fansies which are brought to it by a depraved Imagination do neither agree with time place or other circumstances which still remain in the Memory and are known to be true So in a Vertigo Reason being in order judgeth that it is impossible that Roofs Walls and Pavements should turn round and therefore they are falsly represented to the Imagination So the Phylosopher that was bit with a mad dog and his Imagination began to decay going into a Bath perceived the false Image of a Dog therein but Reason being sound reproved the error of his Imagination and made him speak thus What hath a Dog to do in a Bath and presently he cast himself into the Bath by which means he was delivered from the danger of a Disease called Hydrophobia or fear of Water There are two kinds of Phrenzie namely a true Phrenzy which is laid down in the Definition above mentioned Another which is called Paraphrenitis or Bastard Phrenzy A true Phrenzy is somtimes in the Disposition which is most usual somtimes in the Habit which is called Hectical Phrenzy in which the Chollerick Humors are strongly fixed in the Brain and possess many parts thereof sticking thereto like a tincture or dye A Paraphrenitis or bastard Phrenzy is when a hot distemper is communicated to the Brain either from the whol Body as in burning Feavers or from some part inflamed as the Stomach Liver Lungs and especially the Diaphragma or Midriff which by inflamation doth produce a Disease very like a Phrenzy namely a contâ—nual Dotage called Delirium which cometh to
ought in their own Nature to be pure thin and transparant for the cheerful performing of the actions of the Brain and to cause cheerfulness if they change their constitution and become dark and obâ—cure they produce sorrow and fear Galen in his 2. de sympt caus chap. 6. by an Example borrowed from external darkness doth explain the matter Of those things saith he which are without the Body we see nothing that doth more terrifie us than darkness therefore when darkness doth encompass the rational part of man it is necessary that that man should exceedingly fear who doth alwaies carry about with him another cause of fear besides that which is external The cause of this eâ—il disposition of the Spirits is a Melanchollick humor which being possessed with thickneâ—s darkness and blackness doth infect the Spirits and makes them cloudy and dark And this Melanchollick humor is cold and dry and therefore proper for fixing and condensing of the Spirits which fixing and condensing or thickening of the Spirits must needs cause sorrow and heaviness For if the humor be thin and hot as is black choller from which comes madness it doth rather produce fury and boldness than fear and sorrow Therfore the immediate cause of Melancholly is thickness and darkness of the Spirits Animal but the necessary condition and without which it cannot be is a cold and dry distemper But if any shal instance of an Hypochondriack Melancholly from Galens third Book de locis affect is chap. 7. that it is an inflamation in the Hypochondria and therefore the hot distemper doth prevail We answer That that Inflamation or burning of the Hypochondria comes from the heat of blood long retained in the spleen and Meseraick Veins by reason of obstructions from whence many vapors are sent up into the Brain which though they be hot yet are overcome by the coldness of the Brain and are easily brought to a cold and dry temper which is proper to Melancholly But if the heat of those vapors be such that they spoil the temper of the Brain and make it hot and dry then comes Madness and not Melancholly So that in Madness or Mania and Melancholly there is this difference That in the first namely Mania there is a hot and dry distemper In the other called Melancholly a cold and dry distemper The former mentioned darkness of the Spirits confirmed by Galen is rejected of Averroes in this respect Because darkness brought upon the Animal Spirits and the black color of a Melanchollick humor cannot infect the internal Sences according to that vulgar Axiom There is nothing in the Understanding which was not first in the Sence therefore since that black color or internal darkness was not first represented to the eyes it cannot be perceived by the internal Sences We answer That the blackness of a Melanchollick humor or the darknes of the spirits doth not affect the internal Sences under the notion of color but as they are somwhat besides Nature in the brain hindering its actions For the Animal Spirits for the perfect performance of the Actions of the brain ought to be pure thin and clear But if on the other side they be impure thick and dark they hinder the actions of the brain by infecting the species which are sent thither even as a colored glass doth represent the species of the object to the eye with its own Tincture A cold and dry distemper which is propounded for a necessary condition to this disease of Melancholly may be opposed by this Argument taken from Avicen in Fen. 1. Lib. 3. Tract 4. Chap. 18. he saith That Stammerers are for the most part Melanchollick But these Stutterers are very moist in temper according to Galen Comment Aphor. 32. Sect. 6. where Hippocrates saith That Stammerers are most subject to loosness And Galen thereupon saith That Stammerers have the moistest temper as appears in children who are most subject to loosness We answer That Avicens Text is not to be understood of those which are true Stammerers which cannot pronounce the letter R. of which Hippocrates and Galen spake in the Aphorism aforesaid who are of a moister temper But of those which are called Trauly and Stutterers which repeat the same syllable very often before they can pronounce a whol word Which comes from their headlong phancy when they strive to speak very quickly for then the tongue foldeth its self and is constrained to stop and stay in the production of Words And these Stutterers are of a melanchollick temper Lastly It may be doubted how darkness of the Spirits should be an immediate cause of a melancholly Delirium when every hurt action depends immediately upon some disease but this tenebrosity or darkness can be referred to no kind of Disease We answer That tenebrosity or darkness is a Disease in number by reason that the coming thereof doth encrease the number of those things which are necessary in the Brain for the performance of animal Functions And the instance which may be brought against this Argument namely That a disease is an affect of a true part is answered in the Treatise of Vertigo The Proper signs of Melancholly are propounded in the definition namely Fear and Sorrow without any manifest Cause which are found in every kind of melancholly But the several sorts of melanchilly are known by their proper signs So these following signs do shew that melancholly doth only reside in the head namely an evil habit of the Brain or hot Diseases going before by which the blood contained in its Veins is torrefied and burned and at last brought into a melanchollick humor Short and interrupted sleep troublesom dreams giddiness noise in the Ears and no symptomes from other parts and especially from the belly That this Disease cometh from the whol Body appears by a melancholly habit of the whol body either Natural known by a black color roughness and leanness or acquisite coming by cares labors watchings course diet and the like That it comes from the Hypochondria these signs declare Heart-burning with no thirst often spitting sowr belchings and windy eruptions upwards and downwards rumbling of the guts pain and heaviness of the midriff perplexity nauseousness somtimes insatiable appetite heart-beating somtimes a swelling in the Hypochondria And other signs which shall be shewn more at large in the Discourse of Hypochondriack Melancholly That this Disease comes from the womb may be known by those which are set down in their order for the declaring of Hysterical Diseases The Prognostick of this Disease is thus The Disease is dangerous if Chronical of long continuance and very fixed For a melanchollick humor especially that which comes by adustion and inclineth to black choller contemns the force of Medicines if weak and opposeth the strongest whence a melanchollick humor is said to be the scourge and disgrace of Physitians But a new sprung melancholly coming of immediate Causes is easily cured For Galen reports in his third Pook de loc
of Barley boyl a little and mix it with Sugar Let him drink ten ounces at a time some mornings in his bed and sleep after it and somtimes in the evening Hold the Troches in the mouth Take of Gum Traganth and Arabick of each two drams Bole-armenick and Terra Sigillata washed in Rose water of each one dram white Poppy seeds and juyce of Liquoris of each half a dram Sugar Penids one ounce With the Mucilage of Quince seeds extracted with Rose water make little Cakes to be held in the mouth day and night The Spirit of Sulphur and Vitriol three or four drops given morning and evening in convenient Liquor hath great force against all Catarrhs especially against those which come from Inflamation of the Bowels It may be given in drink in a smaller quantity for it goes with the drink through all the veins and hinders the motion of the humors The Crystal Mineral is for the same use given with Juleps and other Medicines When these do not avail we must be constrained to use Narcoticks or Stupefactives Among which Laudanum is the best given to four or five grains at bed time or one ounce or half an ounce of Syrup of Poppies These do wonders being used in the beginning of the Disease New Treacle given at night from a scruple to half a dram hath the same force Benedictus Faventius useth the following Pills in a Salt Catarrh with good success Take of the Juyce of Liquoris two drams wash'd Aloes one dram Filulae de Cynoglosso half a dram With Syrup of Violets make a Mass of which take a scruple at bed time The Troches of Solenander before mentioned are excellent Diacodium album prescribed in the Cure of the Phrenzy is good for this In the mean while the matter flowing must be revelled by Clysters Cupping Glasses Frictions and binding of the external parts and chiefly by Vesicatories in the Neck and finally with Issues in the hinder part of the Head and Arms if the Catarrh be old But for the strengthening of the Head and stopping of the fluxion and consuming the remainder Pouders Bags and Emplasters are good Take of white Amber Sandarach Mastich Benjamin Nutmeg of each one ounce Frankinsence Grains of Kermes and red Roses of each half an ounce all the Sanders Mirtles and Pomegranate flowers of each two drams make a Pouder Vse it to the Head at night and 〈◊〉 it off in the morning Take of the Gum of Juniper two scruples red Roses two pugils Mirtles one dram Mace and Nutmeg of each one scruple Frankinsence and Peony seeds and Poppy heads of each two scruples Cyprus nuts half a scruple Pouder them and take them up with red wool and with a red cloth make a lining for a Cap to wear constantly Take of Mastick and Frankinsence of each half a dram Sandrach red Coral red Roses Mirtles Pomegranate flowers and Peels of each one dram Labdanum two drams Wax and Oyl of Roses as much as is sufficient Make an Emplaster for the Coronal Suture But because this Catarrh for the most part comes from a hot distemper of the Liver therefore you must use Medicines to that Finally This is most remarkable which is also mentioned in the Cure of a cold Catarrh That Excrements use to cause Catarrhs by flowing to the Head when their usual natural passages are stopped And then a Catarrh is best cured by opening those passages with a gentle and constant purging in Broths or the like CHAP. XVI Of the Head-ach THe word Cephalalgia is used generally for every pain of the Head but more especially it signifieth a new Head-ach But the word Cephalaea signifieth an old Head-ach and Hemicranea signifieth that pain which only is in one side of the Head There are other differences of Head-aches they are divided into Internal and External Pains by consent and by propriety and of these one is called a pricking pain another a stretching or extending pain another a heavy another a beating or shooting pain The internal pain of the head is in the Meninges or Membranes that is very deep and reacheth to the roots of the Eyes But an external pain is in the Pericranium or Membrane without the Skull and will not endure the roots of the hairs to be combed back and is made greater by the least compression of the Head This is the Doctrine of Galen which he teacheth 3. de loc aff cap. 1. and lib. 2. de comp med secundum loc cap. 3. saying very solidly That the internal Head-ach is distinguished from the external by this peculiar sign That in the internal the pain comes to the roots of the eyes not in an external and he gives this Reason Because the coats of the Eyes come from the Meninges of the Brain whence it comes that the grief is conveighed to the Eyes But Fernelius contradicts this Doctrine lib. 5. Pathalogiae cap. 1. and affirmeth that external pains do reach to the roots of the Eyes because the Pericranium or Skin of the Skul wherein those pains are doth reach to the cavity of the Eyes to whom Rondoletius answers lib. 1. meth med cap. 5. that the Cavity of the Eye doth not suffer with the Pericranium although it reach to it by reason that the pain of the Pericranium comes for the most part of external cold for a cold part will easily suffer from the like quality But that cold cannot reach to the hollow of the Eye because it is preserved by the heat blood and spirits of the Eyes but if at any time a headach cometh of external heat or the like the Skin of the head is only affected not the Pericranium which lieth deep But this Doctrine of Rondeletius doth not altogether take away all difficulty for although all things which he alledgeth should be granted yet if a pain arise from a tumor gathered upon the Pericranium or of some other cause that dissolveth continuity and divideth there is no reason why the grief should not reach to the hollow of the Eye We can say this in defence of Galen that this sign was given by him for two Reasons First Because the Membrane which reacheth to the hollow of the Eye from the Pericranium is not so sensible and therefore cannot suffer but obtusely but the coats of the Eyes which come from the Meninges are very sensible and therefore have great pain Moreover that Membrane which cometh from the Pericranium doth not touch the Eye so inwardly and deeply towards the optick Nerves as the coats which come from the Meninges whence it is that the external pain cannot extend it self to the roots of the Eyes as Galen saith A pain by propriety is constant and permanent nor doth it follow the disease of other parts But a pain by consent or sympathy depends upon the infirmity of another part so that as that encreaseth or diminisheth the Headach encreaseth or diminisheth Now this pain by sympathy is either by consent from the whol Body as in Feavers
or from some peculiar part as the Stomach Liver Spleen or Mother But we may know what part is affected when a pain is communicated to the head by its proper signs A pricking pain comes from a sharp chollerick humor or vapor which toucheth the Membranes of the Brain A heavy pain comes from much thick and cold matter namely flegm or melancholly compressing the sensible parts An extending pain comes from wind or mild humors which work themselves into the Membranes and distend them A beating or pulsative pain comes of thin chollerick blood or spirits abounding by which the Arteries being stretched and swoln do beat more vehehemently and shake the Membranes and so striking the adjoyning parts cause in them a sence of Pulsation as Galen teacheth more at large 2. de loc aff c. 3. From what is said the chief causes of a Headach are sufficiently declared which in general are referred to the solution of continuity as to the immediate cause For whatsoever doth bring a manifest or hidden solution of continuity is like to bring a headach The signs of the kinds of Head-ach and of the causes that produce them may be learned from what is said and therefore we come to the Prognosticks An external headach is alwaies less dangerous and easier cured than an internal A Headach in a sharp Feaver with thin and white urine is dangerous for it signifies the chollerick matter is sent into the Brain whence there is fear of a Phrenzy A strong pain of the Head suddenly seizing without evacuation following or mitigation of the disease is deadly for it signifies the destruction of the animal faculty which no more feeleth that object which caused the grief In a great Headach it is evil to have the outward parts cold for by the vehemency of the pain there is a strong attraction of heat to the part affected which wil cause inflamation They that recover of a disease in the inferior parts and have after a vehement Headach if a manifest evacuation went not before will have an imposthume in their Brain for it signifies a translation of the matter which caused the disease into the Brain They who vomit green in a headach and are deaf being awake are suddenly very mad 1. Porrh for it signifieth a collection of choller into the Brain which maketh the Stomach consent therewith and suffer Headach and noise in the Ears without a Feaver or a giddiness or deafness or numbness of the hands signifieth an Apoplexy or Epilepsie to be at hand Hipp. in Coacis For those symptomes come from abundance of thick flegm in the Brain To women with child sleepy and heavy headaches are evil 1. Porrh for they signifie the flux of humors to the head which when they are many in women with child by reason they have not their courses do threaten danger A Headach which was not from the beginning of the Disease but rose from the disturbance of the body shews that there will be a crisis by bleeding at the nose or by vomit Since then the pain of the head cometh either of a cold or hot cause we must direct the Cure for the taking away of both For the Cure of a cold Head-ach the flegmy matter is first to be evacuated being prepared as is shewed in the â—hapter afore going Then we must correct the cold distemper of the Brain and the reliques of the humor are to be discussed with Bags mentioned in the former Chapter or in the Chapter of the cold distemper of the Brain With which being warmed let the head being shaven be rubbed for an hour and an half every morning till the cause of the pain be spent and exhausted After the head is well rubbed sprinkle upon it this following Pouder having upon it Cotton or Wool Take of Nutmegs Cloves Pepper Pellitory of each half an ounce the Leaves of Sage Bay-berries of each two drams Mustard seed and Water-cress seeds bruised of each six drams Make a pouder of these sprinkle it upon the Head as aforesaid and comb it in the morning before the use of the little Bags that the pouder laid on the day before may be taken off Errhinâ—s are also proâ—itable Neesings and Apophlegmatisms or things to chew which were described formerly A Magistral Syrup also made as followeth is very profitable Take of Guajacum wood and Roots of China sliced of each one ounce and an half Infuse them twelve hours in four pints of spring Water Boyl them till half be consumed adding in the end the Leaves of Vervain one handful the flowers of French Lavender and Marjoram of each a smal handful dissolve in it being strained half a pound of white Sugar Boyl it up to a Syrup but before it be perfectly boyled cast in two ounces of Senna tyed in a clout the best Agrick two ounces Rhubarb three ounces let him take two or three ounces once a week These Pills also following are very good which in times past were of great esteem in Italy in the daies of Eustachius Rudius chief Professor in the University of Padua who was reported to be the Inventor of them and accounted them a great Secret and therefore gave them to one Apothecary only to be made by him lest others should know the Receipt which indeed he borrowed out of Wickerus who propoundeth it from Andernacus and it is thus Take of Coloquintida six drams Agarick trochiscated Diagridium black Hellebore and Turbith of each half an ounce Aloes one ounce Diarrhodon Abbatis half an ounce Let the purging things be bruised and beaten together and put in a glass with the spirit of Wine so much as is sufficient and let them be digested for eight daies in a warm place and then ad the pouder of Diarrhodon and infuse them four daies longer then strain them and press them and let the Liquor so pressed forth be distilled in Balneo so long till the extract in the bottom of the Alembick grow so thick that it may make Pills the dose whereof is one scruple But the following Pills are ascribed to Fernelius of which he affirmed he found by experience such excellency that he never met with a Cephalalgia or Hemicrania that is half Headach but he cured it Take of the best Aloes half an ounce the Pouder of the Electuary of Pearls the three Sanders and red Roses of each three grains With Syrup of Wormwood and Violets make a Mass Give a dram thereof twice in a week one hour or two before Supper And finally in a stubborn pain that is old all those Medicines are convenient which were before mentioned in the Cure of the cold distemper of the Brain among which Epispasticks or blisterdrawing Plaisters are not the meanest Which also not prevailing some are so bold as to apply Vigo's Emplaister with Mercury which they say hath cured old headaches somtimes by causing them to spit much Baths of Brimstone and Bitumen are very efficacious in this case used both to the Head and the
it is most certain that this Disease is also begot by adstriction and compression of the Optick Nerves which compression may come both or a moist humor gathered about the optick Nerves and pressing upon them as also of blood filth or matter Whence somtimes certain tumors rising in those parts produce the like Disease For Experience teacheth That somtimes blindness in one Eye somtimes in both comes upon inflamation of the Brain and from Phrenzy in malignant Feavers And Platerus reports lib. 1. Observation That he saw a blindness which came from a round tumor growing in the Brain and compressing the optick Nerves which appeared by opening of the Head after the Patient was deceased Finally Wounds in the Head in which the Optick Nerves are divided without controversie do cause that the Animal Spirits can no more come to the Eyes This Disease is known in that the Eyes seem to be in their natural condition and there is no fault apparent in them only the Pupilla seems blacker and larger But in distinguishing the differences of Causes there is great difficulty for although the Disease coming of blood or matter is known by inflamation aposthume or wound going before yet no certain sign can be given by which we can distinguish a compression made with flegm from an obstruction but we may in some part conjecture for in the obstruction only of the optick Nerve the Eye is only affected but if a compression be made of the same Nerve by flegm gathered about the roots of the Eyes and Mamillar Passages that matter possesseth other parts of the Brain and then all or some of the other Sences are hurt but if it seize only upon the Optick Nerves there is more plenty of humor sent forth at the Nostrils and the Patient perceives a heaviness in the fore part of the Head especially about the Eye-brows As to the Prognostick part If this Disease be absolute that is if there be a total loss of sight especially if it come from obstruction of the optick Nerves it is for the most part incurable as we see in Palseys also that they are scarce or never cured which come from the obstruction of the Nerves especially if the Patient be old But if the obstruction be imperfect which only causeth a diminution of sight but not blindness there is more hope of recovery although it cannot be brought about without much pains and long use of Medicines But if this Disease come of humors gathered in the fore part of the head which compress the Nerves it may be more easily cured So saith Fabricius Hildanus observ 19. cent 5. That a certain man after a strong vomit lost his sight and that he cured him with giving him the same Medicine again for as the humors being too much stirred by a violent vomit and cast upon the Optick Nerves compressing them did hinder the passage of the Spirits to the Eyes so the same humors being carried away by the same Medicine the disease became cured Almost the like story is mentioned by Sennertus of a certain Student who taking too strong a Purge became suddenly blind He also affirmeth That certain women after they had conceived with child became blind through the straightness of the optick Nerves and that this Disease went away after four or five months or in the time of their Delivery We also have seen some which fell suddenly into extream diminution of sight who within fifteen daies were cured by universal Evacuations and some revulsions and by the easiness of the Cure we supposed that the humor was not fastened within the substance of the nerve but only gathered together in the Brain about the original of those Nerves For the Cure of this Disease The matter fastened upon the Nerves or cleaving thereto and maketh the obstruction or adstriction is to be evacuated which cannot be done except first the whol body be clensed as Galen saith 4. meth The Eye is not to be cured before the whol Head nor the Head before the whol Body And that Remedies may be set down in a convenient Method we will first set down a Course of Diet which must be attenuating and moderately drying And first The Air must incline to hot and dry and a thick cold cloudy and moist Air must be altogether avoided Let him cat meats of good and laudable Juyce avoiding them which beget gross Juyce as Pork and all Swines flesh Geese Fish Pulse Cheese and the like as those which are windy and fill the head as Milk-meats and hot Spices viz. Pepper and Ginger c. Let his Bread be made with Fennel Water or with the Seeds thereof being careful that the Wheat of which it is made be not mixt with Darnel which all the Ancients beleeved to be very naught for the Sight hence in the Comedy he that derideth another for defect in his sight I think saith he thou hast sed upon Darnel In the sawce to his Meat and in his Broths let him use things extenuating as Hysop Fennel Marjoram Bettony Sage Eye-bright and especially Nutmeg which strengtheneth the Brain and clears the Sight He must eat Turneps often which are thought to quicken the Sight So do Sparrows Pidgeons often eaten Cold Herbs must be forborn and especially Lettice which hurts the Eyes Let him take but a smal quantity of Meat at a time and let the sick man never fill himself immoderately Let his Supper be less than his Dinner and to abstain from a Supper twice or thrice in a week is very good At his Meat instead of Salt let him use this Pouder following Take of common Salt two ounces Eyebright dried two drams Nutmeg one dram Cinnamon two scruples Mix them into a Pouder After every Meal let him take one spoonful of the Pouder following Take of Coriander seed prepared half an ounce Annis seeds and Fennel seeds of each two drams Cinnamon and Nutmeg of each one dram Eyebright dried three drams Sugar of Roses a double weight to all the rest Make a Pouder Wine in this Disease is not good because it is too full of vapors and fills the Head and is apt to cause defluxions therefore a Deoction of Sarsaparilla sweetened with Liquoris and aromatized with Coriander will be very profitable But because the Disease is of a long continuance and all cannot abstain so long from Wine if we must permit Wine let that be chosen that is weakest and less vaporing and it would be more beneficial if Eye-bright dried were first steeped therein and that he may make Eyebright Wine for a long time in the Vintage let him put Eyebright into a vessel filled with new Wine and let the Patient use that for his ordinary Drink Let his sleep be less and shorter than usual and let him he upon his back with his face upwards as much as may be Let him avoid sleeping at noon because it is very hurtful Let his Exercise be moderate and instead of exercise let him use frictions or rubbing
except the speakers whoop and hallow in their Ears Both these Diseases come from the distemper of the Brain or Ears A cold distemper of the Brain or repletion or weakness or some other hurt in that part especially in which is the rise and progress of the Hearing Nerve may cause Deafness or thick Hearing The Diseases of the Ears are either in the inside or the outside thereof In the exterior Cavity a perfect or an imperfect stoppace from a Tumor Imposthume or Blood Matter Flegm and other things coming either from within or without may cause a defect in the hearing But you must observe that the stoppage of the external passage cannot make a perfect and absolute Deafness but only thick hearing because sounds may be carried by the mouth also to the Ears For there is an open way from the internal Cavity of the Ear to the Pallat by which sounds do easily pass and insinuate themselves into the Ears and this passage is made for the purging of the Ears And many Experiments do shew that a sound may pass through the open mouth to the Ears We may observe that they who are very thick of hearing wil open their mouths that they may better hear those that speak unto them And if you stop both Ears close and strike a Musick Instrument with a stick held in your Teeth you wil hear the sound better And when you travel in the night you wil better hear any man coming afar off if you put one end of your Sword or Staff between your Teeth and fasten the other end upon the ground The Humors which are gathered into the internal Cavity of the Ear and especially such as flow from the Head do cause deafness or thick hearing in the inner part of the Ear and these are for the most part flegmy and somtimes chollerick as appears Aph. 28. Sect. 4. where Hippocrates saith that chollerick Evacuations are good for deaf men somtimes bloody are good for it is manifest that the deafness accompanied with the Crisis comes from the flux of blood to the Ears Now the Humors are somtimes sent from the whol Body to the Ears as in continual Feavers and especially those that are malignant The ill composition of the Instruments of Hearing produceth the same effect as when the Tympany or Drum groweth too loose by a violent noise or over moistness and for this reason deaf people are more thick of hearing in Southernly weather because the Membrane is relaxed by the moistness of the Air or when the Tympany is over stretched or dried after a violent disease long watching or fasting or when it is broken by violent motions or eaten by a corroding humor Somtimes blood cometh forth after a great hurt and matter without hinderance to the Hearing because the passage is between the bone and the Membrane Or when any parts of the Ear either originally or by some outward cause as stroak fall or the like are put out of their Natural order Moreover a cold distemper useth to produce this disease coming either from the cold Air or very cold Water powred in or over much use of stupefactive Medicines called Narcoticks 'T is very hard to distinguish al these causes by their proper Signs but by Art and conjecture thus If Deafness come from the distemper of the Brain either other Sences suffer or there appeared some peculiar Dileases in the Head as head-ach drouziness Apoplexy Lethargy and the like The stoppage of the External Cavity of the Ears is discernable by the Eyes if you look upon them in the Sun for then it wil appear whether it be a tumor or thick matter or any other heterogeneal substance of another Nature which filleth the Cavity As also the Patient will tell you if any thing fell into his Ears But if the internal Cavity be filled with a humor we may conceive it to be flegm if the Patient were formerly subject unto defluxions of that sort But that this comes from Choller is known by some Chollerick Feaver that went before or now possesseth him or by some violent pain But when it comes from blood there is a heavy pain and abundance of blood in the whol Body and this happeneth often in critical disturbances The loosness and moistness of the Tympane is known by the causes preceding which were moist and distempered some other part for it can scarce be that moist causes should only affect that part and no other You may also know the distention and driness of the Tympane by the driness of the whol Body and by the drying causes aforegoing And for the breaking or corroding of the Tympane you may know that if there were formerly any vehement Causes that could break or gnaw the same You must make your Prognostick thus Deafness by Birth and of long continuance if it be absolute and total is incurable and that which is not absolute if it be old is never or hardly cured A Deafnels from Choller or Blood which hapneth only in sharp continuing Feavers useth to be cured with these Feavers Thick Hearing if it be not speedily cured endeth in perfect Deafness witness Galen 3. de comp med sec loc cap. 3. The Membrane of the Tympane being broken or a scar left thereon makes an incurable Deafness A Deafness encreasing and decreasing by degrees is curable for it signisieth that it comes from a movable humor which somtimes is more somtime less in quantity A Deafness coming from distemper of the Brain is more easily cured than that which comes from a proper disease of the Ear. As to the Cure That Deafness which depends upon any Disease of the Brain requireth no other Cure than that which belongs to such diseases which you may find in their several Chapters That which comes from a Tumor if it be hard and old admitteth no Cure but if it be hot you may find the Cure for it in the Chapter of pain in the Ears But if it come from matter gathered in the Ear you may find the Cure in the last Chapter of this Treatise where we shal speak of those things which preternaturally come forth of the Ear. If this Disease comes of Driness it must be cured by the way of Rhasis that is by moistning things long sleep and washing of the Head with warm water as also putting of moist things into the Ear as Oyl of sweet Almonds and the like If Deafness or thick Hearing come from any thing that is fallen into the Ear that must be taken away with washing shaking or extraction or if any Vermine are gâ—t into the Cavity of the Ear they must either be taken forth or killed there they are washed forth by making the part moist and slippery and enlarging it with either Milk the Oyl of sweet Almonds or some mollifying or relaxing Decoction they are shaken forth by neesing for so by the force of the air the parts being moved that which lieth in the passage of the Ear is excluded and the sooner
if the way be first made slippery and enlarged with Medicines as we said It is good also to hang down that side of the head and to hop upon the log on that side by which way the Boyes after swimming get the Water out of their Ears If these wil not do you must endeavor to draw it forth with an Ear-picker taking heed lest when you put it in you thrust that which you would draw forth further in therefore let the spoon of the Ear-picker be very thin that it may easier pass by the thing in the Ear. Or you may lay hold of it and take it out with a pair of Forcepts made on purpose rough on both sides within And if this avail not when the body is hard as a nut or stone it must be laid hold on with an Instrument and broken and then the Ear must be washed as aforesaid If the Ear-picker will not enter arm your probe with a little Cotton all over and then dip it in Turpentine or in some other clammy substance and put it in the Ear that it may stick to that which is there and stoppeth the Ear. The same may be done with a Wax Candle touched with Bird-lime and if any of the Bird-lime stick in the Ear you may afterwards take it out with the Ear-picker There are some which put a hollow quil into the Ear and draw out things with sucking The worms in the Ears are enticed forth by laying to such things as they love as Milk with Sugar laid to the Ear in a spunge or easily put in or a Fig turned inside out or the pap of a sweet Apple or Bacon and turning the Ear to the Sun at that time and especially if Horsleeches get in they are drawn forth by an Injection of blood Fleas are drawn forth with Dogs hair but if they be living they must be killed and then they willess hinder the hearing and wil be drawn forth more easily And they are killed with fasting spittle or your own Urine dropt into the Ear. Bitter things do sooner kil those Vermine as the juyce of Wormwood Centaury or the Decoction of Aloes or Beasts Gall. Also sharp things as Vinegar juyce of Onions and the like And because the usual cause of Deafness is a cold distemper and a defluxion of moisture to that part you must labor most to oppose that But because this defluxion comes originally from the Brain therefore we must begin the Cure there as in the cure of the cold distemper of the Brain which a Prudent Physitian wil moderate according to the degrees and violence of the distemper The brief way of Cure is first an attenuating Diet moderately warm and drying such as is prescribed in Gutta serena and then avoiding of Southernly winds by stopping the Ears and vaporing nourishment as Garlick and Onions as also of things that beget thick and flegmy Humors First Let a general Evacuation be made by Pills Cephalick Purging Apozemes then by Phlebotomy if need be to which ad if the Disease be stubborn a sweating Diet and then use particular Remedies that revel the defluxion as Cauteries Vesicatories Neesings Masticarories Gargarisms but Masticatories or Chewings are peculiarly necessary in this Disease by reason of the passage which comes from the internal Ear to the Pallat and throws out the excrements of the Ears And finally When the Disease grows old you must use ordinary Pills Magistral Syrups Cephalick Opiats Pouders and Caps to strengthen the head and the like Al which are laid down in the Treatise of the Cold Distemper of the Brain In time of Diet if the Disease be stubborn Bags are good applyed to the Head after the sweating Potion is administred as in the said Treatise is prescribed not only to the fore part of the Head but to the Ears also Brimstone and Bituminous Baths are very proper in this Disease with washing of the Head for by them sweat is provoked and the matter of defluxion is drawn out But by washing of the Head the Brain is strengthened and dried and the humors fixed in the Ears are discussed The way of using them is described by Penotus and much commended in these words There is nothing in the Cure of Deasness more prevalent after the use of an bundred Medicines than that the Patient after his Body is first well purged and then his Head Wash his Head well in Brimstone Baths thus Let him wear a great cap reaching to his Eye-lids and beneath his Ears made of Spunges sewed together let him sit under the cock or spout in the Bath and let it run upon his Head which Water the spunges will suckup and so keep the head in a continual heat and so opening all the Sutures of the Head and Commissures it will take away all the vapors or it will breath away the matter compacted in the Nerves and the passages for Hearing or so change it that it will quickly be gone It is good for him to sit so twice in a day for two hours and presently after to sweat in his bed and use a slender Diet of Juyces and Broth and to beware of Wine except it be very weak Then you must use Topicks to discuss the matter fastened in the Ear which may be thus applyed Take of the Leaves of Organ Wormwood Penyroyal wild Marjoram Sage Mints Centaury the less Mallows and Marsh-mallows of each one handful the flowers of Chamomel Melilot Stoechas and Rosemary of each one pugil Cinnamon and Cloves of each half an ounce Boyl these in equal parts of white Wine and Water Foment the Ear wuh the straming hot in a spunge morning and evening Of the same Decoction you may make a Fumigation into the Ear by a Funnel which must needs be excellent because the vapor arising from the hot Decoction must needs reach into the innermost parts of the Ears Instead of a Fomentation you may apply a hot loaf made with Caraway seeds and cut in the middle Or take ordinary Bread from the Oven and break off the lower crust and dip it in Spirit of Wine and let the Patient endure it at his Ears as hot as may be that the vapor may be received in Bread made of Bran is better with Caraway seeds Bay-berries Juniper berries and Nutmegs mixed before it be baked then after it is a little baked break it and apply it hot to the Ears If you desire a stonger Decoction for Fomentation and Fume you may ad one or two drams of the Pulp of Coloquintida and the root of white Hellebore You may make this Decoction in white Wine alone or with Vinegar that it may pierce more and discuss The Fume of Cloves may be taken with much profit to the Patient by a Funnel into the passage of the Ear when the Head is covered with a warm cloth After Fomentations and Fumes you must put some liquor into the Ears and then stop them with Muskified Cotton Take of the Oyl of bitter Almonds and Rue of
the Medicine then you must dip lint in the same Medicine and lay it to the Hole of the ear and round about In the state of the Disease you must mix gently resolving Oyls with Anodines thus Take of Oyl of Chamomel sweet Almonds and Violets of each one ounce the Oyl of Lillies half an ounce Mix them But these Fomentations and Fumigations which are made of the following Decoction do resolve more powerfully Take of Marsh-Mallow-Roots one ounce Mallows Nightshade St. Johns-Wort of each one handful Linseed half an ounce the seeds of Mallows Maâ—sh â—allows and white Poppies of each two drams the Flowers of Chamomel Dill and Roses of each one pugil make a Decoction in Water and Milk for a Fomentation and Fumâ—gation â—ateâ— taken out of Ashen sticks being dropt into the Ears easeth pain and dissolveth the cause of it You must put green Ashen sticks in to the fire and take the Water that comes from both ends If the Tumor cannot be dissolved but it seems to tend to suppuration which you may perceive by the encrease of pain by greater Pulsation and a stronger Feâ—ver You must help the motion of Nature and apply this following Cataplasm Take the faeces of the former Decoction made for a Fomentation and Fumigation and put to them of Dâ—cks and Hens-grease Marrow oâ— Veaâ— and the Mucilage of Fleabane and Foenugreek-seeds of each one ounce the Oyl of Chamomel and Vâ—olets of each â—nâ— ounce Fresh Buâ—ter one ounce and an half Saffron half a dram Make a Caâ—aâ—lasm A Cataplasm oâ— Crums of Bread is also very good for it aâ—â—wâ—geâ—h paâ—ns and furthers suppâ—ration gently without inflamation and therefore it is very proper in al Phlegmous or hoâ— Tumors you must make it thus Take of the Crums of white Bread one pound boyl it in Goats Milk to a Pultis then ad of the two Yolks of Eggs the Oyl of Roses two ounces Saffron one scruple Make a Cataplasm The Cataplasm made of an Onyon is much commended of Victorius Faventinus Made thus Take one Onyon Fresh Butter two ounces Oyl of Chamomel and Roses of each one ounce Saffron one scruple Make a Cataplasm apply it warm The Suppuration being made the Imposthume breaketh and the Matter comes forth either by the Membrane of the Ear made thin or else corroded and then the Patient must lie upon the Ear that is pained that the quittour may come forth and you must drop such things into it as may clense Take of the Decoction of Barley four ounces Honey of Roses one ounce drop this warm into the Ears at several times If an Ulcer come from sharpness of Matter you must have a peculiar way of Cure such as is used to an Ulcer caused from a Defluxion of Humors And first because according to the opinion of Galen 4. de comp Med. sec loc we may not apply Topicks to any part except the whol Body be first often purged we must use ordinary Evacuations by Bleeding and Purging according to the nature and temper of the Patient and these must be repeated through the whol time of Cure as often as need requireth Then we must apply Drying and Clenâ—ing Topicks or Medicines to the place affected beginning with the mildest first The Examples of which are these Take of the best Honey and old white Wine of each three ounces boyl them and skim them drop of this into the Ear and stop it with Cotton dipt in the same After that it may be stronger mix the juyce of Horehound Smallage Wormwood and the lesser Centaury or of Sowbread with Honey boyl them gently and drop thereof into the Ear. Or Take of the Juyce of Beets one ounce Horehound half an ounce the best Honey six drams â—oyl these a little then ad of the Syrup of Wormwood two drams Mix them You may make a stronger Medicine thus Take of the Juyce of Sowbread one ounce Myrrh one dram Saffron half a scruple Frankinsence one scruple Verdegreece half a scruple old Wine one ounce and an half boyl them gently till the Wine be consumed drop of this twice or thrice in a day into the Ear. Observe Before you drop any liquor into the Ear you wash the ear in warm Hydromel or water and Honey and wipe it wel with lint upon a Probe armed When the Ulcer is sufficiently Clensed you must come to Cicatrizing Thus. Take of Round Birthwort Pomâ—granate peels and Galls of each half an ounce boyl them in equal parts of Wine and Smiths-forge-water to half a pint when it is strained ad to it of the juyce of Plantane and Poligonum of each one ounce Honey of Roses two drams mix them and drop of this into the Ear. Or Take of Frankinsence and Myrrh of each one dram Gum of Juniper half a dram Sarcocol and Labdanum of each one scruple Make a Pouder of them and mix it with Turpentine into Balls which you must lay upon the Coals so that the Patient may take the Fume into his Ear by a funnel Or You may mix that Pouder with some of the aforesaid Juyces and drop thereof into the Ear. Or You may mix burnt Allum with white Wine for this hath a very great Drying quality If the Ulcer be stubborn and old it is nourished by a Defluxion which you must labor to remove by usual Purges Diets of Lignum vitae and Sarsa by Errhins Masticatories Cauteries and other Remedies that wil divert Then must you use stronger Medicines to dry the Ulcer such as we prescribed of juyce of Sowbread Myrrh and Verdegreece Or this following Medicine of Valescus with which he saith that he Cured a Priest that had an Ulcer in his Ear from the eighth yeer of his age Take of Honey ten drams Vinegar eight drams boyl them take off the scum and put to one dram of Verdegreece Mix them These must be dropt morning and evening into the Ear after it is washed with this Decoction Take of Wormwood Marsh Mallows and Agrimony of each one handful boyl them in equal parts of water and white Wine put to it towards the conclusion to half a pint Dissolve in the strained Liquor Oximel simple one ounce and an half Allum poudered one dram wash the ear with this warmed and after dry it with an armed Probe If the pain come from sharp Medicines drop in the Oyl of sweet or bitter Almonds with Myrrh Aloes and Saffron and if it be violent mix a little Opium or drop in the Oyl made of yolks of Eggs in a leaden Mortar If the Ulcer be very foul you must use Aegypâ—iacum Dissolved in the aforesaid Juyces Lastly Galen Aerius and Others both Greeks and Arabians do much Commend the Rust of Iron for the drying of Ulcers in the Ear. Galen 3. de comp med sec loc useth Scales of Iron ground or boyled with the sharpest Vinegar Hollerius in his Comment upon that Chapter doth prefer the Arrabian Preparation for they first grind the Iron with Vinegar then they dry it
of Smelling or neer it in the Meninges are not smelt by the Patient but by them that stand by for it is fit that whatsoever toucheth the sence of Smelling should be brought from other parts Moreover a foul stinking vapor arising from other parts as the Stomach Jaws and Brain be carried to the Processus Mamillares and so infect them that all the scents that are brought thither shall smel thereof as when the Tongue is foul with Choller all things which you tast seem bitter The Causes are easily known A cold and moist distemper of the Brain and slimy flegm coming from the Brain shew an abundance of flegm An obstruction if it come from flegm shall be known by the same signs If it come from Sarcoma or Polypus you may learn the knowledg thereof from their Chapters Now the place in which the matter causing obstruction is contained is known thus If it be in the passage of the Nostrils the voyce is hindered because the Nostrils conduce to Speech but the voyce is perâ—ect if the matter be in the Processus Mamillares or the fore part of the Brain You may know by the default of the parts from whence comes the scent which hurts the instrument of Smelling As to the Prognostick When the Smelling is newly hurt and coming of a simple Coryza or defluxion is easily cured but when it is of long continuance and from a setled distemper hardly that which comes from the ill shape of the Nostrils is incurable You must order the Cure diversly according to the diversity of the Causes If it come from a cold Distemper you must use those Medicines which were prescribed for a Cold Catarrh For the taking away of the Obstruction or stopping of the Nostrils and Processus Mamillares by flegm fastened there You must use Medicines that Purge those parts as Errhins Neezings and Gargarisms which were propounded by us in the Cure of the Cold Distemper of the Brain If the Nostrils be stopt by a Sarcoma or Polypus you must fetch the Cure from the Precedent Chapter Chap. 4. Of the Stink of the Nostrils THe Stink of the Nostrils and of the Breath do much differ for that comes only from the Nostrils and this from divers parts as from the Stomach Lungs Gums Jaws or being Ulcerated which you may know by sense or by their proper signs But the stink in the Nostrils comes of stinking Vapors either bred in the Nostrils as in Ozaena Sarcoma or Polypus or sent thither from putrid Humors contained in the fore-part of the Brain or about the Processus Mamillares or Os Cribrosum Now the Humors do putrifie in the said parts when they are too long retained in them especially if the Brain be hot and moist and they are retained either by the stoppage or astriction of the parts and in flat Noses The Diseases of the Nostrils which produce this stink are known by their proper signs above mentioned but if you find none you must conjecture that the stink comes from a putrid Humor in the Brain Processus Mamillares or Os Cribrosum The Prognostick of the stink in the Nose coming of an Ulcer Polypus or Sarcoma depends upon their Frognostick but that which comes from corrupt Humors contained in the fore-part of the Brain if it be New is easily Cured if Old uncurable especially if it come from a depression and flatness of the Nose The Cure is performed by removing the Causes and appeasing the Symptoms The Cure of an Ulcer Sarcoma and Polypus is above mentioned but you must take away the putrid Humor in the Brain Processus Mamillares or Os Ethmoides by emptying and Clensing means And first You must use Universal Evacuations for Clensing the whol body and the brain from flegmy Excrements by Pills Apozems and the like to which you may ad if there be great plenty of Humors a Sweating Diet afterwards administer Errhins that clense and bring forth the Matter conjoined And first of al Let him morning and evening snuff up white Wine from the palm of his hand in which the Lesser Centaury and Calamints have been boyled Then let the juyce of Beets extracted with the Water of Marjoram be used in like manner Or Take of Cyprus Roots and Calamus Aromaticus of each half an ounce Red Roses one pugil Myrrh two drams boyl them in white Wine for an Errhine That you may draw down the flegm more violently make this Take of Flower-de-luce-Roots half a dram white Hellebore and long Pepper of each half a scruple Annis-seeds and dryed Marjoram poudered of each one scruple Euphorbium one grain Oyl of Spike Chiry and Violets of each as much as is sufficient make a soft Oyntment in which dip the top of your little finger and anoâ—â— the Nostrils within or put it with a Tent or Pledget as big as a Pease into the Nostrils Lastly To oppose the stink you must snuff up sweet things as Galla Moschata dissolved in sweet Wine Angelica-water or the like Chap. 5. Of Coryza or Pose COryza called in Latin Gravedo is a Catarrh falling from the Brain into the Nose which Defluxion is of a crude Humor contained in the fore Ventricles of the Brain and comes for the most or an External Cause as from the heat of the Sun drinking of much Wine hot Baths and the like which do melt and dissolve the thick flegm gathered in the Brain It comes also of External Causes which Cool the Brain for then it is squeezed like a spunge and so it sends down the Humor into the inferior parts as also by over-cooling the Brain there is an encrease of flegm for through want of heat the Excrements are not concocted therefore are they sent forth through the open passages by the Expulsive Faculty This Disease appears of its self for the Humor is sent in abundance out of the Nose Among al kinds of Catarrhs that which is through the Nose is most safe and gentle easily Cured if it be New and come of an External Cause but that which is Old and comes from a stubborn Distemper of the Brain is difficult As also when it proceeds of a hot Distemper of the Liver which somtimes causeth sharp and hot Catarrhs by which the Nose is often Ulcerated and ill affected otherwaies The Cure of this Disease is by Curing the Catarrh for it requires the same Evacuations Revulsions and Derivations except that here you must not use Errhins lest they should draw the Humors to the part affected but Gargarisms and Masticatories after Universals are very good And besides these Authors do commend those things which properly belong to the stopping of a Cataarh as the vapor of boyled Marjoram or of Marjoram water taken into the Nose The fume of Vinegar sprinkled upon a red hot Iron is good for the same and the better if red Roses have formerly been infused therein If the Defluxion be very Cold dry Fumigations of Nigella Frankinsence and the like thrown upon Embers are very good for by
these the cold Distemper of the Brain is amended and the superfluous moisture consumed Chap. 6. Of Sternutation or Neezing ALthough Neezing come often to sound men and useth to be so light an Affect that it deserveth not the name of a Symptom yet somtimes it is troublesom that it requireth a Physitian As we may reade in Forestus Obs 127. Lib. 10. in his History of a certain Maid which had so grievous a fit of Neezing from a sharp salt Catarrh that she had the advice of many Physitians This is confirmed by the Old Custom of saying God bless you to him that Neezeth which some say came from hence In the time of Gregory the Great there was an ordinary Disease of Neezing by which the Patients died albeit some say that Custom is more antient Sternutation is a swift motion of the Brain with which the breath is forced out of the Nose for the throwing forth of things that offend By the Brain we understand not only the substance thereof but the whole Body with its Membranes especially the fore-membranes which are especially contracted in this Disease which we may gather from hence because when we hold up the head we Neez more easily for then the matter provoking which for the most part is windy and tends naturally upwards is more easily carried to that part But the motion which happens in Neezing belongs to the natural Expulsive Faculty of the Brain and its Membranes according to Galen 2. de symp caus cap. 1. where distinguishing Neezing from Trembling and Palpitation saith That Palpitation comes only from a Disease Trembling from Nature and a Disease but Neezing from Nature only But Galen at the first sight seems to contradict himself who in Cap. 4. of the same Book saith That a Cough and Neezing are Symptoms of the Voluntary Faculty but it is no contradiction and Galen cleers himself wisely saying That in Neezing the Animal Faculty doth concur only secondarily because in Neezing breath is sent from the Head and from the Lungs yet the Head gives the original of the motion to the â—reast for when it hastneth to send forth those things that offend in the Nose it useth both wayes at once to send forth breath One way which it maketh by it self Another way which it maketh by the Nerves descending like long arms into the breast whence Galen Com. Aph. 51. Sect. 7. teacheth That Neezing comes with antecedent inspiration or taking in of breath when Nature gathers it together to make Sternutation then the air which goes forth of the breast joyned with that which is drawn by the Nose into the Brain doth expel with Noise and violence whatsoever offendeth the Membranes of the Nostrils which have most Exquisite Sense From this place of Galen we may gather That the irritation which causeth Sternutation is made chiefly in the Nose which is confirmed Aph. 51. lib. 7. where he saith They only Neez of those thus Affected which have a sharp moisture flowing from the head as when you put sharp things into the Nose For as a Cough is a certain natural motion to purge the Arteries which are in the Lungs so doth Neezing the passages of the Nose But it may be objected That many standing bare-headed or otherwise in the cold Air do presently Neez that one would think the Brain was provoked immediatly at that time We Answer That cold Air is the Cause of Sternutation not while it doth immediately act upon the brain but because through compression of the brain and its Membranes it causeth a sharp Matter to descend to the Nostrils although therefore in this Symptom the Membranes of the brain may be provoked yet Neezing is not produced before a sharpness or tickling come to the Membranes of the Nose which are exquisitely sensible The Causes of Neezings are known by what hath been said namely What things soever can provoke the internal coat of the Nostrils such as are sharp humors or vapors either coming from the Brain or sent from the inferior parts hence men neez in feavers saith Avicen because sharp vapors are sent from the whol body into the head or it is caused when sharp things are externally put into the Nose as sharp Medicines called Ptarmica Neesings These are the external Causes which provoke neezing immediately There are many other mediate Causes which make internal Causes or move them as all alterations of the Air as above said of cold Air. Galen in his Book de instrum odoratus cap. 6. saith That neezing is provoked by beholding the Sun because the Spirits of the Brain like to a vapor are discussed by the Sun The knowledg of this Disease is manifest The outward Causes appear by the relation of the Patient but the internal from the signs of the parts affected by which the matter provoking is sent to the Nostrils and fore part of the Brain As to the Prognostick This Disease is of it self without danger But in the beginning of a Catarrh or Coryza it is very hurtful because it keeps the humor from concoction by its motion Somtimes in Feavers it is so strong that it takes away all strength and causeth bleeding at the Nose somtimes it is no waies hurtful and in sound men it expelleth the superfluities of the Brain In sick men it is held a good sign It promiseth help in Feavers especially in malignant Feavers when all things are desperate If neezing happen to a woman in fits of the Mother or that hath hard travel it is good Aph. 35. Sect. 5. Neezing provoked with Medicines is good against Apoplexies and other great Diseases of the Brain And if being provoked they do not neez it is a sign of death for it signifieth that Nature leaves to act In Diseases of the Lungs especially in a Pleurisie and Peripneumonia or inflamation of the Lungs neezing is evil Hipp. 2. Progn because from the shaking of the Brain in neezing the parts of the Breast are violently pulled and torn from whence the inflamation is encreased and there is no other evacuation of the matter causing the disease but for the expelling of flegm contained in the Gristles of the Lungs which could not be cast out by a Cough Galen sheweth that neezing is good Gal. 2. de symp caus cap. 5 6. The Cure when it is necessary or when neezing bringeth inconveniencies is made first by removing of the External Causes if it come from them If it come of an internal Cause you must remove that also by Evacuations Revellers Derivers and Discussers If a hot distemper of the Brain or any other part send sharp vapors to the Nostrils and inward Meninges Then you must open a Vein and then purge then revel the vapors with Frictions and Ligatures with Cupping Glasses to the Shoulders also use other Revelling Deriving and Discussing Medicines comb the Head pull the Ears rub the Eyes blow the Nose and hold the Breath Lastly To take away sharpness and hinder the Nostrils from being provoked it
is good to take the vapor of hot water into the Nose or to anoint the Nostrils with Oyl of Roses sweet Almonds Violets or with fresh Butter or to snuff up warm Milk into the Nose by which only Remedy Forestus presently cured the Maid mentioned formerly Chap. 7. Of Bleeding at the Nose called Haemorrhagia THe word Haemorrhagia vulgarly signifieth any flux of blood coming from any part But peculiarly when it is named simply of Hippocrates it signifieth only that flux which cometh from the Nose as the first and most evident kind as Galen observed Com. 1. in 1. Epid. An Haemorrhagia of the Nose is a Symptome in the excrements of those things which are wholly against Nature For Blood coming through the Nose either comes from the Veins and Arteries in the Brain or from the Vessels coming from the Pallat to the Nostrils which ate like the Hemorrhoid Veins in the Womb and Fundament But since every Symptome depends upon a Disease as its immediate Cause the cause of this will be either an Organical or a Common Disease The Organical is two-fold The opening of the Vessels which is called in Greek Anastomosis and the thinning or rarefaction of them called Diapedesis The Common Disease is two-fold The breaking of the Vessels called Rexis and the Erosion called Diabrosis The Causes immediately producing those Diseases are either exceeding in quantity or quality of Blood Blood offending in quantity can either break the Veins or open the Orifices of them In quality if it be too hot or too thin it will flow out by Anastomosis because heat doth dilate the Orifice and thinness maketh it flow more easily Also the same qualities make a Diapedesis for heat maketh the coats of the Vessels thin and the thinness of the blood makes it easie to pass through the pores of those coats Lastly The sharpness of the Blood gnaweth the Tunicles of the Veins and ulcerateth them from whence cometh a Diabrosis The external Causes also do concur to produce this Disease either mediately or immediately Immediately as falls stroaks wounds and the like which break and divide the Veins They work mediately which do encrease warm and make thin the blood as plentiful Diet Drunkenness Idleness too much Exercise great Noise Heat long staying in the Sun and the like The Differences of Hemorrhagia are these Some are Critical some Symptomatical Critical Hemorrhagia's are in acute Feavers by the force of Nature endeavor to expel the cause of the Disease this way as especially in those Diseases which are joyned with the Inflamation of some Entral especially of the Liver or the Spleen which are many times discharged by these waies somtimes it comes without a Feaver when Nature dischargeth her self of the superfluous blood whence we see many in their youth have an Hemorrhagy by fits and others blâ—ed other waies A Symptomatical Haemorrhagy happeneth chiefly in Chronical Diseases in which filthy blood is produced by reason of the debility of the Liver or some other great Distemper which either flows through those Veins by the weakness of the retentive faculty or is sent forth by the expulsive as an unprofitable burden because impure blood is not fit to nourish the Body Haemorrhagia is known of its self But its Causes are thus distinguished That which cometh by Anastomosis hath this common with that which comes by Rexin or rupture in that in both the blood floweth plentifully but in this they are distinguished If a blow or a fall went before we should suppose it to be Rexin But when Ruption cometh from Plethora or much Blood as also apertion of the Veins thus they may be distinguished When the Vessel is broken the Blood sloweth constantly when it is opened at a distance and by fits only because the Orifices of the Vessels use to be knit and closed when there is less plenty of the Humor which dilateth flowing thereto but broken Vessels stand alwaies open and therefore blood continually sloweth till the solution of continuity be united Moreover the opening of a Vein is distinguished from the breaking by the substance of the blood For if it be thin it comes from a Vessel opened if thick it comes from a broken Hence it is that Hemorrhagy comes in yong men for the most part by the opening of the Vessels because their blood is thin but in old men from Ruption because theirs is thick If it comes from Eroâ—â—on of the Veins there will be signs of Cacochymia or ill juyce in the body of an Ulcer and matter somtimes comes forth or at least a salt Catarrh hath gone before If it comes by Diapedesis or Rarefaction the blood is thin and little The Causes autecedent and external are easily distinguished For if it come from plenty of blood there is a red face and large veins as also the Diet hath been large and hot or there hath been some external cause which hath melted and made thin the blood and these especially befal them who have very hot Livers If it come from evil Juyce it is known by its proper signs which declare whether Choller or Melancholly doth abound Moreover the Blood will appear corrupt either from the Nose or taken from the Arm. If it come from the weakness of the retentive faculty the face wil be pale and the whol body weak as also some Disease hath gone before by which the Liver was first weakened and then very little bloâ—â— comes forth and by degrees If the blood comes immediately from the Veins of the Nostrils it is easily stopt with astringent Medicines applied thereto and there will be no pain in the Head Contrary wise if it come from the Brain there is some pain in some part of the Head the flux is hardly stopped and things put up into the Nose do no good Somtimes blood comes from other parts as the Liver Spleen Womb whose signs are the pains and extensions in those parts If the blood flows from an Artery it comes with force it is hot pure fresh and clear but when it comes from a Vein it is dark red thick somtimes foul and comes forth with smal force The Prognostick of Hemorrhagy coming especially if it be Critical is taken from the hurt actions when the Excrements and qualities are changed as watchings and dreams of red things a great pain of the Head and Neck heaviness in the Temples and great beating of those Arteries ringing and noise in the Ears dulness of the Eyes with redness thereof and of the whol face hating of light involuntary tears itching of the Nose a drop of Blood upon the day that declares the Crisis difficulty of breathing an extension of the Hypochondria without pain The Reason of which signs is When the Blood begins to be carried to the Head it begets in the Head Phantasms of red things both waking and sleeping as it happened to a yong Roman which Galen mentioneth lib. de praesag ad Posthumum cap. 13. he had an acute Disease and thought he saw a
the Root and Membrane which inwardly covers their Cavity but also in their proper substance and saith That the Teeth and other parts of the Mouth do taste as also doth the tongue And in his Book of Bones cap. 5. he saith Of Bones only the teeth are partakers of the tender Nerves of the Brain and for that cause they alone do manifestly feel Therefore pain reacheth not only to the Nerves and inward Membrane but also to the substance of the teeth The Tooth-Ach comes from a Flux of Humors either Cold and Flegmy or Hot and Watery Salt and Sharp hence comes the Distention or Convulsion of the parts these Humors either flow to the Membranes of the Jaws and of the holes wherein the Teeth are or to the Nerve which is inserted in the root of the Teeth or to the substance of the Teeth Although some think that the Teeth cannot receive into their own substance afflux of humors and distention because they are most hard and thick yet this is taught by Avicen Fen. 1. Lib. 1. Doct. 1. Cap. 5. and Fen. 7. Lib. 4. Tract 1. Cap. 4. And somtimes saith he there is matter which doth imposthumate the Tooth it self Which Opinion he confirmeth and treateth of chiefly Fen. 1. Lib. 3. Tract 3. Cap. 1. in these words It is not as some Physitians think that the Brain it self wil not imposthumate reasoning thus That which is soft as the brain and hard as a bone is not extended and that will not imposthumate which cannot be extended But this is erronious because that which is soft if it be viscous or claminy may be extended and bones are imposthumated as Galen teacheth we wil shew in our Chapter of the Teeth Moreover we say that whatsoever is nourished is extended and encreased with the nourishment and it is likewise possible that it may be extended and augmented with its superfluity and that is an imposthume This Avicen teacheth from the Doctrine of Galen who Lib. 5. de comp med sec loc cap. 8. saith Because the Teeth cannot grow without nourishment they are only obnoxious to these two Diseases following namely of want and superfluity of nourishment by want of nourishment they grow dryer and thinner and by superfluity of it there will be an inflamation about the fleshy parts Thus Galen But it is probable that pain is more usual if it be vehement in those parts which have most exquisite sence namely the Nerve and the Membrane in the hole of the Tooth next to the root which doth not only suffer distention and vellication but also somtimes inflamation of the humors flowing down for it blood be mixed with other humors then the pain hath two causes namely Distention and Compression which comes from the hardness of the Tooth which the Membrane being inflamed cannot endure and this Inflamation of the Membrane is for the most part accompanied with the inflamation of the Gums which also is reckoned by Galen and Avicen among the causes of the Tooth-ach Now the Humors commonly flow from the Head upon the Teeth and parts adjoyning somtimes from the inferior parts for when any bad humors especially watery bred in any part are abounding in the Veins Nature desiring to cast off her burden sends them to the weakest parts And if the seeth by reason of the distemper foulness or erosion are such the flux will chiefly come thither Charls Piso propounds an Experiment of this who also thinks the Toothach con comes chiefly from a serous humor lib. de morb ab illuv ser obs 7. where he reports that himself being troubled with the Tooth-ach for many daies halr an hour after he had taken a purging Medicine vomited up above a pint of cleer water with such success that ten yeers after he was never troubled with it By which Experience he alwaies prescribed Medicines that purge water to them who were so troubled and with good success Moreover he striveth to prove that it comes from this cause by this sign Because they who have the Tooth-ach do continually spet Besides the Causes mentioned there are also Worms in rotten Teeth and they breed of any matter which is contained and putrified in the Cavities whether it be excrementitious or come of putrifying meats especially flesh and sweet meats which by reason of their clamminess stick to the Cavities of the Teeth Others think that the Tooth-ach comes sometimes from wind contained between the Cavity and the Nerve which doth violently stretch the inward Membrane whence comes such intollerable pain The principal external causes of Tooth-ach are all those things which cause defluxions the chief are Cold Air South winds staying in the Sun or night Air Surfet and all faults in Diet. Ad to these things that debilitate the part and make it more fit to receive a defluxion as rotteness and hollowness in the Teeth which sometimes make violent pains The diversity of Causes is k own by divers igns For pain when it comes from hot humors is stronger the constitution hotter the age yonger if Summer there is heat sensibly in the part and inflamation of the Gums often times it is better for the use of cold and worse for hot things But if it come from a cold humor the signs contrary to these will appear If worms are the cause of pain it will be intermitting coming and going often and somtimes the motion of the worm will be felt When it comes from Wind it is known by the excess of pain and sensible stretching and it ends in short time and is easily cured with discussing Medicines The Prognostick is divers according to the variety of the Causes for that pain which comes from a hot thin watery sharp and salt humor is more violent but sooner at an end by reason of the sudden change of the humor but that which comes from a cold and flegmy humor is less and lasteth longer A Tumor rising in the Gums or Jaws takes away the pain of the Teeth for the flux is carried to the external parts so that it no longer lieth in the internal Cavity of the Tooth The Cure must be directed for the taking away the Cause and mitigating the pain for although Anodines profit but little except the defluxion be stayed yet somtimes we are constrained not only to use them but also Narcoticks or Stupefactives before we take away the Cause therefore the humor flowing to the Teeth is to be revelled evacuated and repelled and that which is there is to be derived and discussed First therefore if the pain comes of hot humors open a vein in the Arm on the same side by which the humor flowing will be revelled But if it come of cold bleeding is not so good but in regard of the defluxion it may be used because it is the chief reveller But then you must take less blood except there be a Plethory in which regard although it be from fiegm you may bleed freely according to Galen who said that
a large evacuation of blood agreeable to the Plethory is the best remedy for all pains which we have found true by experience not only in the paine of the teeth but in other parts Let him purge the day following with that which is proper for the humor in the form of a Potion if a hot with Pills if a cold humor be the cause of pain After this if the pain continue apply Cupping-glasses to the Shoulders with scarrisication or one great one between the shoulders without scarrisication A Vesicatory applied to the neck or behind the Ears doth violently draw back the humors Also to hinder the defluxion apply astringents to the Temples as Emplaister of Gum Elemi or Mastich only upon a piece of Silk and heat with a brass pestle the Shop Emplaister of Mastich or that against Ruptures called ad berniam Or this following is good Take of Frankinsence Hypocistis Labdanum of each one dram and an half Pitch and Mastich of each one dram Opium half a scruple Oyl of Mastich as much as is sufficient Make a Mass of Emplaister The Root of Comfry fresh and bruised applied to the Temples doth intercept the defluxion very well There is also a good Plaister made of pouder of Allum and Galls mixed with Pitch Riverius the chief Physitian to Henry the Great had this Plaister as a Secret Take of Cyprus nuts red Roses Mustard seed torrefied or parched Mastich and Terra Sigillata of each one dram and an half Let them be steeped in Vinegar of Roses twenty four hours then dry them Opium dissolved in Aqua vitae three drams Pitch and Colophonia of each one dram yellow Wax melted in the expressed Oyls Henbane and white Poppy as much as is sufficient Make an Emplaister apply it to the Arteries and the part affected with pain And because the smal Veins by which nourishment is carried to the Teeth do run by the Ears you put Medicines into them for the Cure of the Tooth-ach as Oyl of bitter Almonds to the Ear on the same side or the fume of Vinegar in which Penyroyal and Origan have been boyled Others put Vinegar into the Ear by which the defluxion is mightily stayed especially if the flux be hot But in a cold defluxion the Juyce of Garlick mixt with Treacle and dropt warm into the Ear doth wonderfully asswage the pain of the Teeth A Clove also of Garlick peeld and put into the Ear is good Also astringents in the beginning of the defluxion may be applied to the part pained cold if the matter be hot but if it be cold you must put hot things with your repellers But in every cause if the pain be great you must mix Anodines with Repellers As Take of the Roots of Snakeweed Five-leaved-grass and Tormentil of each one ounce the Leaves of Vervain Plantane and Maudlin of each one bandful Cypress Nuts Galis and Acorn Cups of each two drams red Sanders and Crystal of each one dram and an half red Roses and Pomegranate Flowers of each one pugil boyl them in red Wine and Vinegar and wash the part grieved often therewith warm This may be used in the beginning of a hot defluxion but in a cold ad Cypress Roots Box Bark Ivy Leaves and the like A plainer Medicine is made of Plantane and Rose Water with as much Vinegar like an Oxycrate Or boyl Galls in Vinegar and wash the Teeth therewith Or Take of the Roots of Cinkfoyl half an ounce Willow Leaves half a handful Galls two drams boyl them in red Wine and wash the mouth This staies the defluxion and takes away pain Then you must use these Remedies which asswage pain and take away the cause of which there is in authors and vulgarly a multitude we will give you the best of which you must make your choyce with this judgment That those which do not only dissolve and discuss but also astringe and stop the flux be used in the beginning and the encrease of the pain but things that only discuss in the state and declination Take of the Juyce of Housleek and Nightshade of each two ounces Cow or Sheeps milk eight ounces Oyl of unripe Roses one ounce and an half Opium and Saffron of each three grains mix them and apply it warm with a cloth to the Jaw of the same side often Take the Papp of sweet Apples two ounces Bran steept in Vinegar three ounces Oyl of Roses one ounce Saffron half a scruple Opium two grains mix them for a Cataplasm to the part pained Or Take of Barley and Bean meal of each three ounces Oyl of Roses and sweet Almonds of each half an ounce the juyce of Housleek one ounce and an half Milk as much as is sufficient make a Cataplasm to be applied often warm to the part Or Take two whites of Eggs beat them with Rose Water and dip stuphs therein sprinkled with two drams of Pepper Poudered Apply them to the pained side over the whol Cheek But here observe That you apply not Astringents to the Jaws if they be swoln for it is to be seared That the Humor wil so be Repelled to the Throat and the Patient Choaked An Example of which Valesius de Taranta giveth of a Physitian troubled with the Tooth-Ach and Inflamation of the Jaws who applied only Oyl of Roses with Vinegar which brought him to a Squinzy and he died Other Waters may be made to wash the mouth Thus. Take of the best white Wine four ounces white Henbane Roots two drams let them boyl to the Consumption of the third part strain them and ad one ounce of Vinegar Varnish one dram let them boyl a heat and let the Mouth be washed often therewith The plain Decoction of Vervain is Commended of many for the same Also a Decoction of Guaiacum made with Wine or Water and a little salt Or Take of Arsmart and the barks of the Roots of Henbane of each equal parts boyl them in Rose Vinegar and wash the mouth And if the pain cometh from a Hot Cause only boyl a Henbane Root in Vinegar If the Arsmart be too sharp take a less quantity Nay you may leave it quite out in a Defluxion coming of a Hot Cause and put Persicaria Macutata instead of it which is Astringent and Cooling and his juyce may be given safely at the Mouth in al Defluxions that are sharp and Chollerick Also you may use the Leaves of Henbane instead of the Root Some use the Leaves of Henbane and Persicaria Maculata as a secret Magnetick Charm they boyl them in Vinegar they burn the Leaves being boyled with a gentle fire and wash their Teeth with the Vinegar and they say that as soon as the Leaves are burnt the pain wil be gone But I rather think it is Cured by the Vinegar with which the Teeth are washed In the aforesaid Decoctions if the Vinegar be so sharp that the Patient can scarcely endure it you may mix half Wine and in a Cold Cause make them of
a hot Catarrh If from a cold Cause you must take that course which is prescribed in the Cure of the cold distemper of the Brain but you must strengthen the Teeth with the Medicines in the Chapter following Chap. 2. Of the blackness and rottenness of the Teeth MAny times the Teeth do contract a black livid or yellow color from the evil Humors cleaving unto them which by long continuance do also corrode them and make them rotten and these Diseases come from filthy vapors that fly upwards and are engendered of evil nourishment or from the distemper of the stomach which corrupteth good nourishment Quick-silver doth black the Teeth whether it be used to the whol Body as in the Pox or only to the Face Hence it is that women which use Mercury to make them fair have black and ill color'd Teeth For the Cure you must first remove the antecedent Cause and if it comes from evil humors in the stomach they must be discharged and the distemper of the parts which produce them must be corrected and a good diet prescribed and those things forbidden which do corrupt the teeth especially sweet things Infinite Medicines are prescribed by Authors for making teeth white which may be experienced We are contented with one which presently makes them white clenseth them and keeps them from rotting namely the spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol in which you must dip a little stick and rub the teeth with the end thereof and then wipe them with a clout In a great foulness you may use the Oyls by themselves otherwise you must mix them with Honey of Roses or fair Water lest by the often use of them the Gums should be corroded Montanus consil 113. reports that he learned that at Rome of a Woman called Greek Mary to whom when he came when he was yong and she twenty yeers old and after when she was fifty he found her almost in the same condition and she confessed that her Beauty and strength was preserved by the Spirit of Vitriol and that her Teeth which were very bad in her youth were by that made very fair and firm and also her Gums and also that she perceived her self by the use thereof to seem more youthful and she used every day one drop or two to rub gently her Teeth and Gums The Ashes of Tobacco is very good also to clense and make white the Teeth For prevention and to preserve the Teeth first clense them with a Tooth-picker made of Mastich Wood or the like then wash the mouth with Wine and rub the Teeth with this Pouder Take of the Roots of Snakeweed Allum and white Coral of each one ounce Make a Pouder to rub the Teeth Or wash them with this Water Take of the fine Pouder of burnt Allum two drams whol Cinnamon half a dram Spring and Rose Water of each four ounces boyl them in a Glass upon hot Embers to the consuming of the third part Wash the Teeth therewith every morning with a cloth dipped therein Chap. 3. Of the Erosion or eating away and of the Exulceration of the Gums THe Gums are eaten away and exulcerated by sharp corroding humors which come unto them The parts from whence they come are the Brain Stomach Spleen and others Men that have Diseases in the Spleen are most subject to Ulcers in the Gums as in the Scurvy somtimes the erosion of the Gums comes from worms or the corrupt humors which cause worms so that it is a plain sign of worms when it continueth long So saith Fabricius Hildanus Obs 59. Centur. 1. the Son of a Citizen of Dusseldorp was long troubled with erosion of the Gums and died after the use of many internal Medicines and Topicks when he was opened we found abundance of worms which had eaten through his Guts and many in his Stomach The Cure is first to be directed to the antecedent cause and the vicious humors are to be evacuated by blood-letting and purging the sharp and hot humors are to be tempered with Apozemes Juleps and Physical Broths and the like The flux of the same is to be diverted by Cupping-glasses and Cauteries fitly applied And lastly the faults of the parts affected are to be corrected Afterwards you must use Topicks which are to be altered according to the greatness of the disease so that to a simple Erosion you must apply only those which astringe and dry as this Water following Take of unripe Galls Acorn Cups and Flowers of Pomegranates of each one ounce red Roses one pugil Allum three drams boyl them in two parts of Forge-water and one part of old red Wine and wash the Gums often therewith If the Erosion be not taken away with that use this Opiate Take of Dragons blood three drams Lignum Aloes red Roses Spodium and burnt Harts-horn and Cypress nuts of each one dram Mirrh and Tobacco Ashes of each three scruples Allum one dram Make them into Pouder and mix them with Honey and a few drops of Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur Make an Opiate which must be spread upon linnen cloth and laid to the Gums at night The Spirit of Vitriol and Sulphur as they clense and whiten the Teeth so they take away the rottenness of the Gums either alone or mixed with Honey of Roses or Water as in the former Chapter If the Ulcer be deep and foul anoint with this Take of choyce Mirrh and Sugar-candy of each equal parts pouder them and fill the white of an hard Egg cut in the midst therewith then tie it with a thrid and hang it in a Wine-Celler with a glass under it and there will come forth a Liquor or Balsom with which anoint often But if by the use of the aforesaid the disease be not cured if the Tooth neer the Ulcer be rotten you must pull it out and then it will be presently cured otherwise never Chap. 4. Of bleeding at the Gums SOmtimes abundance of blood flows from the Gums either Critically or Symptomatically although the former be very seldom yet it is somtimes so we may see by Experience and by reading So saith Dodonaeus Obs 14. A certain Quarrier having the smal Pox had a flux of blood from his Gums and being stopt it made the Urine bloody which being stopt it returned again to the Gums and there continued till he recovered of the smal Pox. Amatus Lucitanus Curat 5. Centur. 5. saies that some have had benefit by bleeding at the Gums and have been worse when it was stopped Also Zacutus Lucitanus obs 86. lib. 1. Praxis admir speaks of a Goldsmith who when he fell into a Feaver by laboring at the Furnace being of a strong constitution lost much blood by opening a Vein and amended so that the seventh day having had an itching of his Gums and a pain in the lower Lip the blood gushed from the Veins of his lower Gums for three daies in such a quantity that he lost above five pints more and the more he bled the more
Throat are for the most part inflamed as aforesaid but also the parts adjacent and the outward part of the Neck as shall be said in the Diagnostick and Prognostick of this Disease In all these kinds of Angina's when there is great danger by the difficulty of swallowing then those things which are given use to fly out at the Nose especially if they be liquid things which are more hard to be swallowed at that time because they spread themselves abroad and therefore cannot so easily be comprehended of the Muscles to be sent into the Oesophagus which Muscles cannot sufficiently contract themselves by reason of the inflamation but solid nourishment being more corpulent need only the superficial action of the Muscles and are swallowed down by a smal contraction of them But it somtimes falls out that solid things are harder and liquid things easier to be swallowed which dependeth upon the diversity of the parts affected For the Muscles of the Larynx are ordained for to swallow meat as well as for the voyce and when the meat is thrown into the Oesophagus the Larynx is lifted up with the Tongue But for to swallow drink we use the Tongue most which while it is drawn inwards it brings the drink from the Lips to the Jaws If therefore the Muscles that move the Tongue are more affected it is harder to swallow drink But if the Muscles of the Larynx are more hurt it is harder to swallow meat Here by the way we must mark that Hippocrates somtimes by the word Angina doth understand only the inflamation of the Larynx and so it is taken more strictly of which there is an Example 6. Epid. Sect. 8. Text. 1. where he saith thus Some had inflamations of their Jaws some had Angina's where by the name Angina he understands the inflamation of the Muscles of the Larynx and distinguisheth it from the inflamation of the Jaws A Bastard Angina is without a Feaver and is two-fold The first and most ordinary comes of Rhewin falling upon the Jaws and parts neer unto the Larynx The other comes from the Luxation of the Vertebra's of the Neck by which the passage of the Gullet and Throat is pressed and made narrow The Cause of a true Angina as of other inflamations is either pure blood or mixed with Choller Flegm or Melancholly which falls upon the parts aforesaid out of the Branches of the Jugular Veins and this is either attracted by the heat or pain of those parts or sent from other parts because these parts are weak loose and fit to receivea defluxion especially if the whol Body abound with humors or the Head or the parts neer the Jaws For when evil blood aboundeth in the whol Body and is carried unto the Head if the Brain be strong it will not receive it but sends it down by the same Veins into the lower parts hence come divers inflamations as Parotides or tumors under the Ears Ophthalmies Angina's and the like Yong men are more subject to the Angina than old because they have much Chollerick blood and because they are full bodied and have much blood especially in the Head Some Authors say that men are more subject to Angina's than women which it seems Hippocrates observed 6. Epid. Sect. 7. where describing an Epidemical Constitution in which Angina's Coughs and Peripneumonia's or Inflamations of the Lungs were frequent he affirmeth that few women were sick and he gives no other reason but because they went less abroad than men and therefore were not so subject to injuries from the Air. Which Reason doth not agree with the universal Proposition That women are less subject to Angina's than men but this may be a true Reason because women have colder Blood a less Larynx or Wind-pipe and narrower Veins of the Throat For which Reason those parts do not so easily receive defluxions The precedent Diseases may be reduced to their internal Causes as continual putrid burning and especially Epidemical Feavers such as were mentioned by Forestus Obs 2. Lib. 6. which happened in the yeer 1517. at which time all that were infected had an inflamation of the Jaws and died within sixteen or twenty hours except they were let blood within six hours But in this Angina the Feaver is not Symptomatical but Essential and the Angina is symptome to it because part of the matter causing the Disease is sent to this place for in Epidemical Feavers Angina's Pleuresies Inflamation of the Lungs Disenteries and the like do happen from some secret force and influence of the Stars by which somtimes one part of the Body and somtimes another is more affected Whatsoever can cause a flux of humors to these parts may be reckoned among the external Causes of this Disease As Southernly winds according to Hippocrates Aph. 16. Sect. 3. in time of much rain many diseases happen as long Feavers Fluxes of the Belly Putrifactions Falling-sicknesses Apoplexies and Angina's Also for the producing of this last the inequality of weather doth much when the parts are made loose by heat and by cold suddenly coming thereupon the humors are sent thither A sudden cooling after heat and drinking of cold water doth the same or if the Head be kept too hot or too cold The first Cause of a Bastard Angina is propounded by Hippocrates 4. de vict rat in morb acut text 39. where he saith an Angina comes when in Winter and Spring time much slimy flegm falls from the Head to the Jugular Veins which obstructeth the passages of the Spirits with its cold glewiness There is another Cause of a Bastard Angina given by Hippocrates 2. Epidem Sect. 2. namely a Tumor rising in the Vertebra's of the Neck and especially in that which is called Dens or the shape of a Tooth by Hippocrates by which the Vertebrae are drawn inward and therefore a Cavity appears in the external part Now this Tumor either comes from flegm removing by its encrease the Vertebra from its seat or from blood falling upon the Muscles from whence comes an inflamation by which the Muscles being contracted draw the Vertebra's inward and then it is a true Angina coming from the inflamation of the said Muscles There may also be a Luxation of the Vertebrae by a flegmatick humor loosing their Nerves and making them slippery between the Joynts And lastly it may come from an external Cause as a fall or stroak as in other parts An Angina is generally known first by its proper signs namely difficulty of breathing and swallowing when there is no fault in the Breast and Lungs and when pain is felt about the Jaws and Throat and in a true Angina redness heat and a feaver are signs The Differences may be distinguished by their proper signs In Synanche there is less difficulty of breathing but great difficulty in swallowing so that moist things can scarce be swallowed but come out at the Nostrils In Parasynanche there is less difficulty of breathing nay very little because the inflamation of
the external Muscles of the Jaws doth little hinder respiration there is pain and redness outwardly in the Neck when the outward parts are inflamed In Cynanche there is great hinderance of Respiration so as the Patient seems to be strangled and somtimes is strangled for a short time and cannot breath but with the Neck upright and the Mouth open The Jaws are much pained yet there is no redness or Tumor inwardly in the Jaws nor outwardly in the Neck the Tongue is livid black and retorted or bent by reason of the great fulness of the Veins about it There useth also to be an acute Feaver you may find an acute description of this kind of Angina in Hipp. 3. de Morbis And this is remarkable which is observed of few the inward Muscles of the Larynx are not here only affected but the Lungs themselves from whence is difficulty of breathing and Suffocation which Dodonaeus observeth very wel Obs Med. Cap. 18. where he relates a history of a Butcher who at noon felt a pain about his Jaws and Throat and some difficulty in swallowing and died strangled the same night his body being opened the substance of his Lungs were found turned into matter He gave other Examples Anno 1565. in which yeer many had the Angina with pain about the Larynx which ceasing they fel into Peripneumonia and they being opened after death had either their Lungs ful of Water or imposthumated but nothing was perceived about the Larynx or its Muscles which might shew an inflamation And in these Causes he supposeth that the Larynx did not suffer principally but by consent and it is probable that the Aspera Artery or rough Artery and its branches may be filled and extended with the Humor flowing from the head and then if the Humor be sent to other vessels the Aspera Artery and Larynx are freed from pain and the Lungs are infected and so an Angina may turn into a Peripneumonia We may gather that the Lungs may be affected in an Angina from Hippocrates 4. acut text 30. 31. where he laies down Two kinds of Angina's from the diversity of the Humors one in which a Flux of Rhewm in Winter and Spring is carried to the Jugular veins another in which Choller abounds which is in Summer and Autumne of the last he speaks thus When a hot and salt Defluxion comes from the head being sharp it gnaws and ulcerates fils with Spirits brings an Orthopnaea or difficulty of breathing with the Neck stretched forth and much drouth Besides there is no Tumor the Tendons of the Neck behind are stretched like a Cramp the voice is hindered the breath is little and often stopped such have the Artery ulcerated and the Lungs inflamed so that they cannot breath Thus Hippocrates he saith also that a hot and sharp Defluxion wil bring an Orthopnaea because it biteth ulcerateth and filleth with Spirits which are carried to the place hurt hence comes the filling of the Lungs from whence Orthopnaea comes When there is no room for receiving of the external Air how much so ever the Lungs be enlarged Hippocrates affirms this 3. de morbis where in the Cure of a Squincy he saith the vein under the Breast or Papp is to be opened for in this part there is a hot Spirit from the Lungs and a little after he saith You must make hast to cause Spetting and that the Lungs may grow less as if the Lungs were swoln by the hot Spirit contained therein But it is most remarkable that when the Spirits are carried in great plenty to any part there is also blood carried therewith which if it flow in such a quantity that it cannot be wel governed by nature it useth to make inflamations and imposthumes from whence it is no wonder if in such an Angina the lungs become purulent or full of water In a Paracynanche the breath is less difficult than in a Cynanche but more difficult than in Synanche there is some redness and tumor about the Jaws A Bastard Angina is known by the Flegm by want of Feaver by the plenty of humors flowing to the mouth But a bastard Angina coming of a Luxation is known by the hurt motion of the Head and Neck and by the Preternatural Cavity which appears in the Neck by reason of the Vertebra inwardly depressed The knowledg of the Causes is taken from the universal and particular signs of the humors predominating in the whol Body When an Angina comes of blood there is heat and redness in the Face and a great distention in the part affected When it comes of Choller the pain and heat is greater with thirst bitterness in the mouth and sharpness And if it comes from flegmatick blood the pain and redness is less and the Feaver little From the part affected some knowledg of the humor offending may be had For Chollerick blood for the most part maketh an inflamation in the Muscles of the Larynx but flegmy blood goes rather to the Jaws for when the Veins of the Larynx are smal only thin blood goes thither but the Jaws being loose and spungy do more easily receive the flegmatick humors Finally From the time of the yeer you may know the peccant humor For Chollerick Angina's do come chiefly in the Summer and Autumn because in the Summer Choller breedeth and in Autumn it is â—eteined But flegm breeds in Winter and the Spring because the humors gathered in Winter are then melted and sent from the Head into the infeâ—ior parts As to the Prognostick A true Angina is a most acute Disease and very dangerous by reason of the hinderance of respiration and for strangulation which somtimes happens by the stoppage of the passages by which respiration is made Therefore by how much the greater the Constriction so much the more danger and so the first kind of Angina is most dangerous because the inflamation of the internal Muscles of the Larynx doth more stop the passage Whence Hippocrates Aph. 34. Sect. 4. saith thus If a Suffocation comes presently upon a Feaver and no Tumor in the Jaws it is mortal Which Opinion he confirmeth in coac progn saying that these kinds of Angina's do strangle in the same day and in the second third and fourth The second sort of Angina though it be very dangerous yet is it not altogether deadly as the first because the inflamation of the external Muscles of the Larynx doth not make so great and so sudden a constriction Of this Hippocrates spake 3. Prog. Text. 17. thus Whatsoever Angina's do resemble others in pain and make a Tumor and redness in the Jaws are very deadly and are of longer continuance than others if they be very red The third kind is less dangerous because the Breath is less hindered than the Swallowing from the inflamation of the internal muscles of the Jaws But the Swallow hurt is not so dangerous Of this Hippocrates speaks in the Book above cited Text. 18. in these words If
followeth in many Hence Aretaeus reckoneth a wind in the Midriff and belchings without reason among the signs of an Asthma at hand which certainly do come from a crude matter moved in the Midriff That flatulent matter doth of its self somtimes produce another kind of Asthma which is called Asthma flatulentum or Hypochondriacum when many thick vapors rising from the Hypochondria do compress the Diaphragma and hinder its motion whence comes great difficulty of breathing without snorting The Knowledg of this Disease and its kinds may be by what hath been said In a Dispnoea the breath is thick without noise or anhelation and with less trouble In an Asthma the Breast is more heavy the Breath thicker and quicker with anhelation snorting and wheesing But in Orthopnoea the Patient cannot breath but with his neck upright and if they lie down they are ready to be choaked The Signs of the Causes are these If Asthma come from gross humors gathered in the Lungs the difficulty of breathing comes by degrees by little and little and is continual But if Humors come at a distance from other parts into the Lungs the difficulty of breathing is not continual For albeit Asthma which comes from matter contained in the Lungs useth to be encreased by external causes as Anger Southernly winds and the like yet in Asthma which comes from matter flowing from another part the encrease is more manifest If this matter come from the brain there is a manifest Catarrh but if no signs of a Cararrh appear you must conjecture that the matter comes by the Veins to the Lungs and the swelling of the feet and evil habit of body called Cachexia is a sign that the Liver is affected If a thick humor be contained in the Bronchia of the Lungs the Respiration is with noise and cough as also by spitting the disease ceaseth or is diminished If the Humor be in the Veins or substance of the Lungs there is no noise and there is seldom any spitting by Cough As to the Prognostick An Asthma is a Chronical disease and very hard to be cured and often ends in a Cachexia or Dropsie Yong men are somtimes cured and not without great labor but old men never Infants except they be speedily cured die by a Catarrh which followeth They who grow crooked upon an Asthma or Cough die before they come to ripeness of age because the gibbosity hindereth the convenient growth of the breast nevertheless get their due encrease and bigness but having not room enough to dilate themselves from whence the heat of the Heart being not sufficiently fanned the patient dieth A Pleuresie or Peripneumonia commg upon an Asthma is deadly because the Lungs being weakned by a long disease cannot resist so great a disease coming thereupon and expel the matter The Cure of the Asthma is two-fold namely in the Paroxysme and out or it In the fit presently you must open a Vein a Clyster being given if the blood do seem any way to abound for when the Veins are empty of blood the Respiration is more free But if the disease be elder and blood hath been often drawn it is better to abstain from bleeding because by diminishing the natural heat it will encrease flegm It is good to open the Veins in the Ancles in this disease coming by consent from other parts After bleeding or if it be omitted as not thought fit you must purge flegm with the things prescribed in the Cure of the cold distemper of the brain putting to them alwaies things proper for the breast as much as may be Vomits althongh disallowed by some in this disease yet are they most convenient as frequent experience hath taught and somtimes the sit is taken away with a vomit only Among these the chief is Aqua Nicotiana or Tobacco Water given in the quantity of an ounce and it may be made into a Syrup with Sugar In want whereof you may use the Salt of Vitriol Aqua benedicta Rulandi Now the reason is excellent why Vomits do so much good in this disease For while the thin humor falling from the head insinuateth it self into the Aspera Arteria and the Bronchia of the Lungs and the thick falls into the Stomach and is there so fixed that it can scarcely be taken away And while the weak heat of the Stomach doth stir the matter thick vapors are produced which puffing up the Stomach compress the Diaphragma and cause difficulty of breathing Hence it comes that when the Stomach is emptied the fit ceaseth or is much less Moreover An Asthma somtimes nay often according to Sennertus cometh of crude humors about the Liver and in the Veins which are carried by the Vena Arteriosa into the Lungs and compress the Bronchia from whence cometh an Asthma For the evacuating and revelling of these humors from the Lungs a Vomit is very good As also for this cause the Remedies purging humors downward are very excellent The Juyce of our Flowerdeluce doth gently move and purge downward taken to the quantity of half an ounce with one ounce of Hippocras which Placerus in his Observations saith he hath used with good success You may give two ounces of the juyce of Flowerdeluce if the former did work sufficiently Also you may use sharp Clysters often for revulsion But they must be given in smal quantities lest by filling the Bowels the Diaphragma be compressed You must also use Frictions to the inferior parts and apply many Cupping-glasses thereon as also to the Neck Afterwards you must extenuate and dissolve the thick humors and discuss the vapors that come from them For which purpose you may give a spoonful of Cinnamon Water either by its self or with Syrup of Violets as Take of Cinnamon Water two ounces Syrup of Violets one ounce or instead of that mix with the Water one ounce of Oxymel to discuss the humors better It is also profitable to give three four or five drops of Chymical Oyl of Sage Rosemary or Annis feeds with a little Wine or sprinkle therewith the Tablets of Diatragacanth frigid and so let the Patient eat them Others commend one scruple of Saffron given in a spoonful of Wine Also Aqua Clareta thus made is very good Take of Aqua vita four ounces Water of Colts-foot and Scabious of each two ounces Cinnamon six drams strain them through an Hippocras Bag. Let him take two or three ounces Tobacco taken in a pipe hinders the sit so doth the Leaf chewed and also the smoak of Cloves in a pipe In the mean time you must use expectorating Medicines which bring forth the thicker matter upwards As Take of the Syrup of Horehound Liquoris and Coltsfoot of each two ounces Oxymel simple one ounce Mix them and let him lick it by little and little Take of washed Turpentine one ounce Ammoniacum two scruples Flower of Brimstone one scruple mix them into soft pills of which let him take one every second hour with half an ounce
although it be much dilated yet it takes in but little Air therefore the respiration is quick and often with snorting This is augmented by a Feaver by which the breath is hotter and the desire of cold air is greater The Pulse is great faint and soft by reason of Flegm and the looseness of the Lungs yet there is some hardness by the Choller and blood it is unequal from the compression of the Artery neer the Heart and in thick Humors most Somtimes it is intermitting watery vermicular when the Lungs are rotten by too much moisture There is a heavy pain that reacheth from the Breast to the Back somtimes it is between the Shoulders and somtimes under one only Shoulder and from thence communicated to the Throat and Pap Especially in a Cough somtimes they feel no pain til they begin to Cough somtimes there is also a pricking pain in the side when it is joyned with a Pleurisie as it often happeneth Although the Membrane that covers the Lungs be of the same nature with the Pleura as Galen taught 4. de loc affect cap. 5. Yet there is not so great pain in a Peripneumonia as in a Pleurisie for two Differences which are laid down by Galen in the place afore-cited The First is Because the Nerves that go to the Membrane of the Lungs are few and very little but they which go to the Pleura are many and great Th Other is Because the Breast consists of Bones and Flesh which wil not be stretched from whence the pain is greater But the Lungs are soft and yeilding and therefore their pain is less There is Redness in the Cheeks by reason of the hot vapors which fly into the head and carrying with them the thinner blood And this Colour is most in the Cheeks because their skin is thinnest There are besides these signs Heaviness Weakness and a Tossing with great sense of Heat in the whol Body The Tongue is Yellow and then it groweth Red a great thirst swelling of the Eyes and of the veins of the Temples There is a Delirium or Doting when it comes from Choller and a Coma when it comes from Flegm If the Disease comes of Chollerick blood the spittle wil be yellow the heat and thirst greater more difficulty of breathing with less Heaviness the air breathed forth is more hot the Feaver is very violent the Pulse swift the Delirium great the Water thin yellow and cleer the age time of the year the Country and Diet before do al attest for Choller If Flegm which is most ordinary produce the Disease the spittle wil be white viscous and froathy the Feaver burning of the Breast thirst and driness of the tongue wil be less the weight of the Breaâ—â— greater the Pulse slower and softer the Age old Habit of body time of the Yeer and the Country are cold and moist If the Disease come from pure Blood the Spittle wil be Red the Urin Red and Thick the Face more Red the Veins of the Temples more swoln with heaviness and distention of the whol body and other things that declare abundance of blood Lastly If Melancholly blood be the Cause the Spittle wil be black or blewish the Tongue black from the beginning dry and rough there wil be also heaviness and great sighing between breathing and al the signs of Melancholly predominating in the whol body The Prognostick of this Disease is thus to be made A Peripneumonia is more dangerous than a Pleurisie and for the most part deadly by reason of the necessity of respiration and the neerness of the Heart Celsus saith That this kind of Disease hath more Danger than Pain and for the most part Killeth But strength of Body less vehemency of Symptomes yellow Spittle not mixed with much Blood raised in the beginning a great flux of blood at the Nose in the Critical day or a flux of the Belly which is Chollerick and froathy or a flux of the Hemorrhoids or Terms do shew some hope of recovery Imposthumes about the Ears or inferior parts being well suppurated and kept open do foretel recovery as Hipp. in proga If a Peripneumonia be turned into a Pleurisie it is good and though it seldom happen as Galen teacheth Comment Aphor. 11. Sect. 7. because there is a going from a Disease more dangerous to one less dangerous And this transmutation is known by a pricking pain of the side coming thereupon and by abating the shortness of breath But the vehemency of the Disease and symptomes do declare a dangerous and deadly Peripneumonia as want of spittle continual watching a Delirium or Coma coldness of the extream parts snorting with great difficulty of breathing blewness and crookedness of the nails Moreover A Peripneumoma coming upon a Pleurisie is most dangerous as Hippocrates teacheth Aph. 11. Sect. 7. because the translation of a humor from an ignoble part to a more noble is evil and the strength being spent by the disease foregoing can endure the force of a new and worâ—e When the urine is thick in the beginning of the Disease and after before the fourth day it becomes thin death is at hand Hipp. in Coacis The Cure of the Peripneumonia is very like that of the Pleurisie and there must be first bleeding as much as the strength will permit once or twice in a day till the disease abate for since the Lungs are then full of blood and draw much from the heart which is inflamed you need not fear to let blood thrice four five or six times But if a Peripneumonia follow a Squinzy or Pleurisie you may let blood more warily because the strength is abated by the former Disease You must let blood from the Basilica Vein of both arms if the whol Lungs be equally affected or from either on that side the pain is or on which the Patient sets more weight or from which he supposeth he raiseth most spittle You must bleed women in this disease first in the Ancle Vein and after within six hours in the Arm except it be so desperate that you are constrained at the first to bleed in the Arm. In which case all the time you bleed and a little before you must apply Cupping-glasses to the Thighs But after if the strength will not permit further phlebotomy you must apply Cupping-glasses to the Shoulders and â—ack both dry and with Scarrification as much as the Patient can suffer Also Emollient and loosening Clysters are good revulsives but you must not use too strong purging Medicines therein lest you bring a flux of the Belly which is most dangerous in this Disease If a crude flegmatick humor coming from the head cause this disease or nourish it a Vesicatory laid to the hinder part of the Head doth very much good In the mean while use the Juleps and Emulsons prescribed in the Cure of a Pleurisie Anoint the breast with Oyl of Violets sweet Almonds or with fresh Butter or the like or with this Liniment Take of Oyl
the Juyce of Pomegranate or Knotgrass but to them who bled not much he gave it with warm water But he saith you must sift it well give it often that it may better be distributed and in Wine Antony Valerius exercit ad cap. 27. lib. 1. Hollerij de morb internis reports that he cured when all means failed by this Pouder which he had from Julius Scaliger Take of Spodium red Roses Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata and Blood-stone of each half an ounce red Coral Amber and Pearls not perforated of each two drams and an half Gum Arabick and Tragacanth of each two drams the seeds of Purslain Mallows Ribwort red Roses burnt Harts-horn and white Starch burnt of each three drams Make thereof a fine pouder and give three drams thereof with rain water This Pouder Scaliger borrowed of Serapio who mentioned it in his Book of Spitting of blood and which Valesus also commends And you may make Tablets thereof with Sugar dissolved in â—ose or Plantane Water The Electuary of Haelideus is like it and easier made which was wont to be famous in Germany â—â—d so commended of Gesner Erastus and Crato thus Take of the seeds of white Poppy and Henbane of each ten drams Terra Sigillata and red Coral of each five drams old Sugar of Roses as much as will make an Electuary Give hereof â—e dram morning and evening after universal Medicines have been given But because that spitting is stopped by the use of Astringents and thence comes difficulty of â—eathing you must at times use things that mollify the Breast and also stop bleeding such as they â—hich are compounded of Gum Arabick Tragacanth Starch and Syrup of dried Roses Quinces Mirâ—â—s and Jujubes the Juyce of Plantane and Purslain while you use Astringents if the Belly be â—â—und give a Clyster or Purge that leaves some Astringency In the whol time of the Cure if you suspect that there is any congealed blood in the breast you must dissolve it with Oxycrate thus made according to Galen 5. Meth. that it may be pleasant and not provoke Coughing with the Vâ—negar for so it dissolveth the blood and gently bindeth Let him take six ounces warm twice or thrice in one day and if it provoke Coughing sweeten it with Sugar but you must use this when the bleeding begins to cease for this also Amber and Mummy mixed with glutinatours and astringents is good Also for the allaying the Heat of the Liver use often a Cooling Epithem to the right side Take of Rose Plantane and Succory Water of each four ounces Vinegar of Roses two ounces the Pouder of the Electuary of the three Saunders one drani and an half Camphire one scruple make an Epitheme to be applied warm to the Liver After the use of the Epitheme anoint the same part with Oyntment of Roses or the Cerat of Saunders with a little Rose-Vinegar Anoynt also the Reins of the Back with Oyl of Roses and Water-Lillies washed with Vinegar adding a little Camphire to allay the heat of the blood in the hollow Vein But you must beware of things that are too Astringent lest they drive the blood from the hollow Vein into the Lungs It is also very good to wash the stones with Oxycrate to stop the Flux and allay the heat for there is a great consent between these parts A Bath would also be good to allay the heat of the Bowels but because they relax and so open the Veins you must avoid it Let him drink Syrup of Myâ—tles Purslain and dried Roses or Sugar of Roses with Barley-water or with the Water wherein Blood-stone or sealed Earth hath been infused Or mix Conserve of Roses with the Water or with Water wherein Coriander hath been infused made sharp with the Spirit of Vitriol or with the Tincture of Roses A weak Decoction of Yarrow drunk ordinarily is good against al bleeding If a sharp Defluxion from the Head upon the Lungs be the Cause of this Disease besides what hath been said you may use those Remedies which are prescribed in the Cure of a Hot Catarrh After the Blood is stopped to keep it from returning you must first abstain from al things that stir the Humors as violent exercise great heat anger roaring rich Wines the meates mentioned which are either salt or spiced Conserve of dried Roses must be held in the mouth especially at bed time Take of Conserve of Roses and of Comfry Roots of each one ounce the Troches of Amber and sealed Earth of each half a dram red Coral and prepared Pearls of each one scruple Sugar of Roses as much as all the rest make a mixture of which let him take a spoonful somtimes one hour before meat Let him be purged four times in a yeer or oftener if occasion be with the Potion of Rhubarb and Myrobalans above mentioned to which instead of Syrup ad one ounce of Manna You may with good success give a scruple of torrefied Rhubarb every morning one hour before meat especially if the blood be very serous as it is commonly in Haemorrhages Also Rhubarb not torrefied given in the same quantity for so the blood after the serous watery Humor is carried away wil grow thicker Or You may give a dram of Rhubarb once every Week There is also a Magistral Syrup to clense the blood from thin serous Humors As Take of the Leaves of Bugloss Fumitory Hops Succory Endive Agrimony Plantanâ— Maiden-hair of each one handful the Tops of Asparagus Vervain and Eyebright of each half an handful the Seeds of Gourds and Mellons of each half an ounce Endive and Doddeâ— seed of each two drams Liquoris scraped and Raisons of each one ounce sweet Prunes twelve Senna four ounces Polypody of the Oak two ounces Agarick tyed in a thin Clout six drams Mace one dram the Three Cordial Flowers red Pease or Pulse of each one pugil boyl these to a pint an half dissolve in the straining of the juyce of sweet Apples three ounces sine Sugar oâ—â— pound and a quarter make a Syrup boyled well sented with yellow Saunders Then infuse in it one ounce of Rhubarb beaten and tyed in a Clout let him take an ounce and an half or two ounceâ— with Broth twice in a month Make an Issue in the right or lest Leg as the Liver or Spleen are affected Lastly Let him use for a whol Month Asses-Milk steeled for prevention of this Disease For his Drink take Water boyled a little with Coriander seeds or the Decoction of Barley and Liquoris Chap. 7. Of Phthisis or Consumption ALthough the word Phthisis signifie every Consumption yet it is most properly taken for that extenuation of body which cometh after an Ulcer in the Lungs For this Extenuation of body comes from a putrid lingring Feaver which turneth to an Hectick and this Feaver comes from the Ulcer in the Lungs from which by reason of their neerness to the Heart putrid Vapors are continually sent thither and cause the
both smal and evil proportioned The straightness of the Breast shews want of Natural heat and the evil proportion shews its weakness For if the Natural heat were much and vigorous the breast would have thereby been extended But such and so great is this disposition that Hippocrates calls it a Natural Consumption coming from a principle in Nature Wherefore they who are thus made must of necessity fall into a Consumption except some other disease take them off Which by the way is observable for if they have any acute disease who are thus inclined they seldom escape because the Natural heat is weak and little and therefore will easily be overcome by a strong disease Therefore the most wary Physitians in such kind of Natures and habits do use to prognostick rather death and danger than health or recovery when they fall into any disease In them who are inclinable to this Disease Youth is most dangerous according to Hippocrates Aph. 9. Sect. 5. especially from Eighteen to Thirty Five yeers in which time there is much blood for to break the vessels as also it is then thin and sharp more proper to open and corrode the Vessels In Children the Catarrh is made slow with much Moisture in Old Men it is allayed with Cold but in the Middle Age for the Reasons aforesaid it doth often exulcerate Moreover in Youth many distempers come by Diet by which many ill humors are produced and the blood infectedâ— as also by reason of violent exercise as running wrestling leaping fencing going in the sun a vein may be broken in the Lungs which may produce a Consumption The signs of a Consumption begun are set down by Hippocrates in his Book of Diseases before mentioned Text 10. in these words In progress of time the Lungs are exasperated and ulcerated within by the Catarrh putrifying there whereby the breast seems ponderous and there is a pain before and behind and there is more sharp heat in the body and the Lungs by reason of their heat draw moisture from the whol body and especially from the head which also is made hot from that body and spetteth forth thick matter In these Words there are Six Signs contained of a Consumption begun The First sign is That the Lungs are exasparated in progress of time that is The Cough is more violent for the Disease increasing the Distillation is stronger and the Lungs are peirced therewith and provoked to Cough forth that which hurteth them which Cough doth not only come from the matter flowing down but from that which flowed formerly for being not Coughed up it groweth foul by long continuance by which means the Lungs are more forced to expulsion The Second sign is The weight of the Breast which comes from the matter gathered into the Lungs For albeit the Lungs of themselves do feel little or nothing yet because they are tyed to the Breast by Membranes they perceive a weight when they are burdened A Third sign is A sharp pain before and behind for the matter contained in the Lungs doth with its evil quality offend them as wel as with its quantity and putrifaction by which the Membranes are pricked which cause great pain for the pain in the Membranes is alwayes pricking Now this pain is perceived before and behind because these Membranes are joyned before to the Sternon and behind to the Back and the cause of this pain is from a great Cough called by Hippocrates A Malignant or Cruel Cough The Fourth sign is When sharp Heat falls into the body and there followeth a violent Feaver for when through progress of time the matter putrifieth more it is probable that the Feaver wil be greater for although the matter from the beginning do only putrifie in the Lungs yet by reason of the Suppuration made in the Breast with an Ulcer the filth is communicated to the humors contained in the Veins from which come divers sorts or putrid Feavers and these differ from that Feaver which comes only from the Ulcer in the Lungs through the filthy vapors which are carried from them into the Heart which turns to an Hectick and therefore in a Consumption there is a Hectick Feaver often joyned with a Putrid The Fifth sign is When a great quantity of Flegm falls from the Head to the Lungs which Hippocrates confirms when he shews the Cause of that great Defluxion namely The Lungs by their Heat drawing Flegm from the whol body Hence it is that the humors contained in the whol body are the matter of a continual and great Flux which doth so trouble men in Consumptions The Lungs by the filth which they have contracted grow hot by which heat Flegm is drawn from the Brain which the Brain fetcheth from the whol Body And this is one of the principal Causes of the extenuation or the whol body for al the humors good and bad are carried to those parts and so the whol body decayeth The Sixth sign is Spetting of thick rotten Flegm for when the Matter putrifieth and there is an Ulcer quittor or filth must needs come from thence and therefore the Spittle is Mattery but it is between thick and thin for after that it hath by long continuance in the Lungs grown thick it is made thinner by the addition of that which breaks from the Ulcer and so it becomes moderate which Hippocrates calls Subcrassum or Thickish To these mentioned Signs of Hippocrates you may ad this as most certain namely The Extenuating the body with a lingering and constant Feaver For besides the putrid Feavers above mentioned which come and go by fits and grow from the humors which putrifie in the Veins there is also alwayes present a lingering daily Feaver coming from the vapors sent from the Ulcer to the Heart which corrupteth the nourishment of the whol body and makes it dry and hot from whence the body must needs grow extenuated To there you may ad Sweatings at Night with which men in Consumptions are often troubled as soon as they begin to sleep for by sleep the Heat is drawn in which encreaseth the Inflamation of the Lungs and the heat inwardly increased causeth abundance of vapors which are thickned in the skin and turned into sweat Moreover There is a continual rigor which comes from the sharpness of the matter which pricketh the Membranes And Lastly You may ad sweetness of spittle which useth to come when it begins to Suppurate which is the original of Saltness Hippocrates shews also the signs of a Consumption confirmed in his 11. Text of the Book above mentioned in these words The longer this Disease lasteth the more absolute matter will be spet and the Feavers be the sharper the Cough more frequent and strong the body will more consume and yet the body is disturbed downward from Flegm and this comes from the Brain when any man comes to this he must perish In these Words we may observe that there are Five Signs of a Consumption confirmed The First
work in the Sun for so it will be done in forty daies otherwise it will be longer but you must keep the Vessel alwaies full and open that it may froath over therefore you must make more Hydromel than the Vessel will contain and if the disease require it you may use it fresh before it worketh till you make another in the Vessel and you may make this quantity twice or thrice at once because it must be taken divers months together Let him take a good draught hereof twice or thrice in a day This following Syrup is made more easily and hath great Vertue Take of the Juyce of Ground Ivy Veronica and Carduus Benedictus refined of each eight ounces in which boyl gently Maiden-hair Politrice Scabious and Lettice of each half a handful Dissolve in the strained Liquor one pound and an half of white Sugar Make a Syrup well boyled adding in the end three drams of the Extract of Juniper Juyce of Liquoris and the Extract of Carduus of each four scruples Let the Patient take one spoonful an hour before dinner and another before supper and another at bed-time Cardanus saith that he cured many Consumptions with this course following namely by giving no other nourishment than Barley Broth made without Flesh and Water with Sugar and every morning four ounces of the Decoction of the Tails and Legs of Cray-fish made in Barley Water with two drams of Sugar Arcaeus Ingrassias Fracastorius and Erastus say with admiration That they have cured many Consumptions by the use only of Guajacum for a long time continued yet this in respect of the antecedent cause which is a hot and sharp humor seems to be an enemy Avenzoar reports that his Grand-father cured a Consumption with well leavened Bread and Sallet Oyl and also that he did the same This Pouder following is highly commended by Valescus de Taranta and it is reported to be invented by Haly Abbas and he saith that he cured one with it And Forestus saith that he cured his Brother with the same Take of white Poppy-seeds ten drams Gum Arabick Starch and Gum Tragacanth of each three drams Purslain-seed and Mallows-seeds of each five drams Pompion Melons Cowcumbers Gourds and Quince seeds of each six drams Spodium and Juyce of Liquoris of each three drams Penides the weight of all the rest make a Pouder give every morning two drams thereof with the Syrup of Poppies or Jujubes Let him also take it in Barley Cream ar Almond Milk and with other meats Cappivaccius and Claudinus do approve of Oyl of Vitriol to dry the Ulcer giving two or three drops with Rose-water or Juyce of Plantane with a little sugar Crollius also commends the Elixir Proprietatis which is made of the Spirit of Sulphur with the Spirit of Wine Myrrh Aloes and Saffron The Chymists do highly commend the Medicines made of Brimstone as the Flower Milk and Balsom thereof as you may read in their Books You may use them thus very wel Take of the Flower of Brimstone and Pouder of Frankinsence of each one scruple put them into a hollow Apple then roast it and let the Patient eat it with sugar every morning for eight or ten dayes together Or Take of Conserve of old Roses Diamargariton frigid and Diapenidion of each one ounce Flower of Brimstone three drams make it up with clarified Honey of which let him take the quantity of an Hazel-nut twice or thrice in a day Or Take of Flor. Sulphuris three drams Sugar dissolved in Rose-water three ounces make Lozenges which let him hold in his mouth often Or Take of Lac. Sulphuris half a dram Magistery of Pearl and Coral of each half a scruple the Emulsion of Melon-seeds made with Coltsfoot or Veronica-water two ounces the Julep of Roses six drams Cinnamon-water and Manus Christi with Pearl of each two drams Mix them and let him take two or three spoonful every morning Some Chymists commend Antimonium Diaphoreticum wel Calcined with thrice as much Salt-peter so that al the vomiting quality be gone which must be given every day in Lozenges made with Sugar of Roses or mixed with Conserve of Roses or with the Medicines above mentioned The Balsom of Peru is good to heal Ulcers in the Lungs if you give one drop made into a Pill with Sugar every day The Pouder of Burnet one dram given every day in Broth is esteemed excellent Ruffi Pills are commended by some taken one scruple every day but made as followeth they do wonders Take of the Mass of Ruffi-pills one ounce Antimonium Diaphoreticum and Gum of Guajacum of each half an ounce Make a Mass with the Balsom of Peru of this let him take one scruple every day for one Month. The Syrup of Coral and Gelly of Quinces are good for the same Rodericus out of Fonseca commends the Decoction of yellow Saunders for a good Medicine against Defluxions upon the Lungs which he prepareth thus Take of Succory and Sorrel Water of each four pints yellow Saunders sliced three ounces infuse them one day then boyl them in Balneo Mariae in a close Vessel three hours take three ounces of this every morning in Beer for fourty dayes together Also al the Medicines which we mentioned for the Cure of Spetting blood are here very good Fumigations may be wel used to dry the Ulcer of the Lungs very wel and they must be often taken in at the Mouth and Nose You may make them thus Take of the Gum of Ivy one dram and an half Frankinsence one dram Myrrh half a dram Amber one scruple Benoimin and Storax of each half a dram Hypocistis two scruples Coriander seeds red Roses and red Saunders of each one scruple Pouder them and mix them with the Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth make Troches and cast them upon Coals Or Make plain Fumes of Frankinsence Myrrh Mastich and Benjamin alwayes in the Chamber that he may take in the dry and sweet scent of them You may make a stronger Fumigation but it is not to be used but in strong bodies Thus Take of Gum Anime or Gum of Guajacum two drams Tobacco half an ounce dry Coltsfoot one ounce Hysop white Horehound Rosemary and Orpiment of each three drams make a Pouder put a little thereof into a Tobacco-pipe take of it twice a day fasting and half an hour after a draâ—ght of this Decoction Take of China and Sarsa of each half an ounce Scabious Coltsfoot and ground Ivy Vlmaria Maiden-hair and Avens Leaves and Roots of each one handful whol Barley one pugil Liquoris scrap'd and Currens of each one ounce boyl them to two pints and put to it being strained four ounces of sugar of Roses Let him take half a pint twice in a day as aforesaid For the Rich People you may use a moist Fumigation made of the Decoction of Herbs which is a good way to carry the strength of them directly to the Lungs You may use al such Herbs as are proper for
the Lungs and to Cure Ulcers Take this following for an Example Take of green Coltsfoot eight handfuls Hysop two handfuls bruise them and put them in a Pot with a little water lute it close then set it into the Oven when the Bread is half baked and then take it out with the Bread and put a Funnel into a hole made at the top and so take in the smoak through the mouth at the Lungs and put it out at the Nose and it wonderfully provokes spetting You must also Morning and Evening use a Cooling Liniment to the Breast As Take of Gum Tragacanth and Arabick of each one dram infuse them in Rose water a day and a night put then thereto of Oyl of Violets one ounce and an half Fresh Butter half an ounce Sal. Prunellae two drams Camphire one scruple Breast-milk as much as will serve Mix them in a Mortar to an Oyntment To Repair a Consumption or to Prevent or Hinder it besides Restoring Diets which are principally made of Barley Almonds Pine-nuts Rice Nuts and the like which Authors declare Milk commended at first is very good and a Bath of hot Water of Barley and Almonds bruised but this is not good in a Catarrh nor while there is a putrid Feaver nor when the Lungs are ful of Excrements Let his Drink be Water and Sugar Barley Water and Liquoris an Infusion of Liquoris a thin Hydromel or a weak Decoction of China The End of the Seventh Book THE EIGHTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Heart The PREFACE THE Heart hath many Diseases Similary Organick and Common But because few will submit to the Physitian in regard of the nobleness of the part which will endure long pain but a man is suddenly gone and there is no time for Physick we who intend to bring all our Labors into practice will lay down only three Diseases of the Heart which are usual and require many Medicines and we shall bring them into three Chapters The first shall be of Swooning The second of Palpitation of the Heart And the third of Weakness Chap. 1. Of Syncope or Swooning Syncope is defined by Galen 12. meth c. 5. to be a sudden failing of all the Strength For although the Heart only suffer and the Vital Spirits are only intercepted yet when it fails the rest must suffer because they have a continual and necessary influence from it It is called a sudden failing of all the Strength that it may be distinguished from other Diseases in which the strength goes by degrees till death come nor is the Doctrine of Avicen against it Fen. 1. Lib. 3. Tract 2. Cap. 2. where he propounds the sign of a Syncope that comes by degrees for although the Causes that dissolve the Spirits do somtimes work by degrees yet when they grow great they make a sudden Syncope and therefore Avicen rather propoundeth the signs that go before a Syncope than those that accompany it Moreover This Definition may seem to agree with an Apoplexy in which there is a sudden failing of all the strength but in an Apoplexy there is strength in the Heart and the Pulse is generally great and full And also there is great hinderance of breath with snorting but in a Syncope the breath is no waies stopped The question is Why When the action of the heart ceaseth doth the action of the Brain also cease since the Animal Spirit is made of the Vital by way of Concoction and must therefore stay some time in the Brain although the Vital do not constantly come to it We answer That the Brain as all other parts for the perfecting of its actions doth alwaies stand in need of adventitious heat which is brought to it by the Vital Spirits and therefore when the Vital Spirits come not neither doth heat come for the Brain to perform its functions There are other Diseases very like to Syncope differing only in degrees from it namely Eclusis Leipothumia and Asphuxia Eclusis is a light fainting Leipothumia or Leipopsuchia or Apopsuchia is a very strong and great fainting Syncope is the greatest which if it go so far that the pulse in the whol Body ceaseth to beat it is called Asphyxia which is next unto death The word Synchope was not used by Hippocrates and the Ancient Greeks but they call'd this Disease Leipothymia Lipopsychia and Asphyxia But it was invented a little before Galens time and used for the greatest so Galen 1. ad Glauc cap. 14. saith Leipothymia is an imperfect Syncope and goes before it By what hath been said it appears that the part affected is the Heart where the Vital Spirits are all made by whose influence the Natural heat and Spirits in every part are made to act therefore when that ceaseth by stoppage of the Influx of the Vital Spirits it is necessary that the strength of all parts should fail and their actions cease The immediate Cause of this Disease is the defect of the Vital Spirits not wholly for then sudden death would come but so great that Nature is constrained lest the strength of the Heart should totally fail to fetch the Spirits from the other parts to the Heart by which means the parts lose their functions Now this defect of Spirits comes four waies Either because they are Naturally few or because they are dissipated and spent or because they are preternaturally altered and corrupted or lastly because they are suffocated and destroyed They are few by fault of the faculty making or matter from which they are made The Faculty is hurt either by a disease proper to the Heart or by consent from another part The proper Diseases of the Heart which are the chief are great distempers which overthrow the Natural temper or destroy the substance of the parts or of the Natural heat as swooning Feavers sharp and malignant Syntacticae or Colliquantes or fainting pestilential hectical or Marasmodes which consume to this come organical diseases as too much constriction and dilatation and constant solutions which come to the Ventricles of the Heart The Faculty may be hurt by consent from other parts which have great sympathy with the Heart as the Brain and Liver and somtimes from the mouth of the Stomach by reason of its neerness and exquisite sence from whence a Syncope is divided into a Heart and Stomach Syncope The Cardiaca or Heart Syncope is when the Heart is principally affected but the Stomachia or Stomach Syncope is that which comes by consent from the Stomach Somtimes it comes from the Mother by filthy vapors sent from thence to the Heart from whence comes the Suffocation of the Matrix Apnoea or want of breath and Hysterical Syncopes as those vapors do assault the Lungs Diaphragma or the Heart The fault is in the Matter when the Air or Blood is defective or corrupted from whence the Vital Spirits are generated There is defect of Air when the Respiration and Transpiration is hindered but the defect of
Diseases But the Heart hath a Natural Faculty to contract and dilate it self therefoâ—e a Palpitation cannot be without its motion And they do in vain muster up Galens Reasons so thought by them to prove that the Palpitation of the Heart comes not by Nature but by a Diâ—ease or cause of a Disease For Galen in all those places speaks of no other Palpitation than that which is in the Skin and other external parts and not of the palpitation of the Heart which is of another Nature and Galen 2. de sympt caus cap. 2. saith that the Palpitation of the Heart and Arteries is different from that of the other parts Therefore the Palpitation of the Heart is an immoderate and preternatural shaking of the part with a great Diastole or Dilatation and a vehement Systole or contraction which somtimes is so great that as Fernelius observes it hath often broken the Ribs adjoyning somtimes displaced them which are over the Paps and somtimes it hath so dilated an Artery forth into an Aneurism as big as ones fist in which you might both see and feel the pulsation This immoderate shaking of the Heart comes from the Pulsative Faculty provoked But here may be objected That in Feavers all these things are found for this is an immoderatâ— Systole and Diastole by the provocation of the Faculty through some troublesom matter or by encrease of heat in the Heart To this we answer That the motion of the Heart in Feavers is distinguished from Palpitation only by its degrees and the depraved motion of the Heart when it is vehement is called Palpitation but if it be not vehement it is called a quick great and swift Pulse and is referred to the differenceâ— of Pulses Now the Efficient Causes of this Palpitation may be referred to Three Heads Either it is somwhat which troubleth and pricketh or necessity of Refrigeration or defect of Spirits which two latter may be referred to the encrease of Custom The Molesting Cause is most usual so that many Authors knew no other the other are rare and that is either a vapor or wind which troubleth the Heart either in quantity or quality or both The quality is either manifest or occult A vapor troublesom in a manifest quality is either in the Heart and its parts adjoyning or it is sent from other parts and this suddenly getting to the inmost parts of the Heart doth stir up the Expulâ—ive Faculty which being Naturally very strong ariseth powerfully with all its force to expel the enemy In the Heart and thereabout especially in the Pericardium are gathered somtimes cold and thick Humors which send up vapors to the Ventricles of the Heart which cause Palpitation But from more remote parts vapors and wind are sent to the Ventricles of the Heart as from the Stomach Spleen Mother and the other parts of the lower Belly Many times a Vapor that troubles the Heart by an occult quality ariseth in malignant Feavers Plague and after Poyson and somtimes from Worms putrified and the terms stopped from corrupt feed or other putrid matter which do much stir up the Expulsive Faculty thereof Divers Humors do molest the Heart either with their quantity or quality so too much Blood oppresâ—ing the Veins Arteries and Ventricles of the Heart so that they cannot move freely makes a Palpitation by hindering motion which that the Faculty may oppose it moveth more violently So Water in the Pericardium being in great quantity doth compreâ—s the substance of the Heart and its Ventricle so that they cannot freely dilate themselves The same do Humors flowing in abundance to the Heart as it happens somtimes in Wounds Fear and Terror Humors offending in quality hurt the Heart if they be venemous putrid corrupt sharp or too hot especially burnt Choller coming to the Heart and provoking its Expulsion Also Tumors though seldom cause this Disease as Inflamation of the Heart Imposthumes or Swelling in the Arteries of the Lungs neer the Heart which Galen saith befel Antipater the Physitian 4. de loc aff by which after an unequal Pulse he fell into a Palpitation and an Asthma and so died so Dodonaeus reports that he found a Callus in the great Artery next to the Heart which caused a Palpitation for many yeers Also Tumors in the Pericardium whether they be without humors and scirrhus or with humors in them as the Hydatides or watery Pustles and little stones bones and pieces of flesh are somtimes growing in the Heart which cause Palpitation So Platerus reports that in one who had a long Palpitation and died thereof there was found a bone in his Heart But Schenkius reports that in a Priest who was from his youth to the age of forty two troubled with a Palpitation there was found in the bottom of his Heart an Excrescens of flesh which weighed eight drams and resembled another Heart The Second Cause of Palpitation is necessity of refrigeration which is when there is a pretâ—â—natural heart in the Heart by which the Spirits are inflamed within and therefore the motion of the Heart and Arteries is encreased that what is spent may be restored and the heat cooled and this comes somtimes from an internal cause which is rare but oftener of an external as anger vehement exercise and the like As Platerus observed in a yong man who being hot and angry at Tennis fell into a Palpitation of the Heart and so died The third Cause is the defect of Spirits which comes by hunger watching anger Joy fear shame and great Diâ—eases and other causes which do suddenly dissipate the Spirits which defect the Heart laboring to repair that it may beget more quick and plentiful and send them into the whol Body sooner it doth enlarge its motion and make it quicker You must observe for conclusion that it is more ordinary to see a Palpitation which comes by consent from other parts than from the Heart it self For it hath a consent with all parts by the Veins and Artâ—ries by which Vapors Wind and Humors are sent Which all shall be shewed in the Diagnosis following The Diagnosis or knowledg of this Disease is directed either to the Disease or the Causes which produce it The Disease is subject to sence it may be felt with the hands somtimes seen and heard for the Artery may be seen to leap especially in the Jugular And Forestus saith it may be heard by an Example of a yong man that they who passed by might hear it by laying their Ear to the Window Also the Causes are distinguished by their Signs A hot distemper is known by the greatness of the Pulse and swiftness by a Feaver and heat of the Breast by great and often breathing and desire of cold things If the Palpitation come of wind it quickly comes and goes and is presently raised by little motion and the Breath is difficult with trembling somtimes at the knees mists in the Eyes noise in the Ears and somtimes pain of some
alwaies offended Hence comes weak motion without hurt of the Brain Nerves or Muscles but from the defect of Vital Spirits which are not so sufficiently sent to the Head that they may be made Animal The immediate Cause of Weakness is Defect of the natural heat and spirits from which the life and strength of the parts do depend And this Defect is in every part from the Defect of Vital Spirits and heat flowing from the heart Now the Vital Spirits are Defective either because they are not bred many or because they are dissipated after they are Bred or Corrupted or Suffocated as we said in a Syncope where there is this difference That in a Syncope the Causes of Defect of Spirits do suddenly produce their effect but in Weakness they operate by degrees And therefore in Syncopes and Leipothymia al the Vital Spirits almost do suddenly fail but in this there are fewer then ought to be communicated to every part Moreover When the Natural heat wants not only adventitious heat but also radical moisture to feed upon if this moisture be wanting and diminished the natural heat must be less and the strength abated Now the Causes which hinder the spirits from being Generated or maketh them disperse themselves or Corrupt or Suffocate them are propounded in the Treatise of a Syncope The Diagnosis of this Disease needs no Explication because it is manifest and the Patients do complain of their Weakness But the signs of the Causes were Propounded in the Syncope The Prognostick depends upon the various disposition of Causes for as they are greater or less there is more or less danger The Cure of this Disease is to be directed to two things To the taking away of the Cause and the Restauration of the Heart and vital spirits The Causes are almost al great Diseases in which either Nature yeilds to or resisteth with difficulty therefore the taking away of the Cause belongs to the Cure of almost al Diseases which you must take from their proper Chapters But the strengthning of the Heart and restoring of the vital spirits are to be here declared somtimes to be preferred before the Cure of the Cause when death seems to be at hand but we must alwayes take heed least when we encrease the strength we encrease the Cause of the Disease and therefore in a hot Disease you must use more temperate Cordials but in a Cold Disease those that are more hot First then mix Cordials in his nourishment as Confectio Alkermes or Confectio de Hyacyntho in Broths or with pleasant Wine or Cinnamon Water if there be great weakness Boyl also between two Dishes a piece of a Leg of Mutton after the skin and fat is taken off and after that let the Patient drink the Broth being strained at one daught Or Take the Flesh of a Capon after the skin and fat is taken away cut it in pieces and put it in a glassed Pot well Luted and set it in Balneo Martae to boyl for five hours then let the Patient take two or three spoonfuls of the Liquor in all his Broths Or you may make a distilled Water thus Take a Capon or an Hen after the skin is taken off and the fat cut it in pieces then powr upon it Water of Bugloss Borrage Sorrel Roses and Orange Flowers of each half a pound the Pouder of three Sanders Aromaticum Rosatum and Cinnamen of each half an ounce yellow Sanders one ounce Lemmons sliced three Distill them according to art which must be given every hour by the spoonful The Juyce of Legs of Mutton only is of much use Half roast a Leg of Mutton and slash it upon the Spit take the Juyce and boyl it a little in the dish and give it either alone or with Broth or with Yolks of Eggs. Valeriola doth much commend the Juyce taken out of Sheeps Hearts And Zacutus Lucitanus confirms it by his Experience saying That he with this only Medicine a mouth continued cured a rich man who often swouned through weakness of the Vital Faculty and resolution of the Blood and Spirits when many other Medicines had been used in vain The Juyce is thus taken forth Slit the Heart of a Sheep or Goat in the middle then wash it well and last wash it with Rose Water then cut it in slices and put it in a glassed Vassel with a few Cloves and no other Liquor And after the Pot is well luted put it into the Oven after it is drawn till the Juyce come forth Give this to the Patient to drink The Italians use Caudles of Yolks of Eggs Wine Sugar and Cinnamon which is very restorative Zacutus Lucitanus makes a fine dish of twenty Yolks of Eggs as you may see in the 107. Observation Lib. 2. of his Admirable Practice You may make Cordial Juleps thus Take of the Water of Bugloss Roses and Orange flowers of each one ounce Syrup of Apples and Lemmons of each half an ounce Confectio Alkermes one dram Cinnamon Water two drams Make a Julep Or make this following mixture Take of white Sugar two ounces moisten it well with the best Cinnamon Water then put to it as much Spirit of Vitriol as is sufficient to make it sharp then ad of the Essence of Cinnamon four drops the Essence of Mace Nutmegs and Annis seeds of each three drops the Essence of Cloves two drops Mix them and take it either by it self or in Broth. You may also make a restoring Opiate thus Take of Conserve of Roses Bugloss Borrage and Clove gilli-flowers of each one ounce Citron Barks and Nutmegs candied of each three drams one candied Myrobalan Confectio Alkermes half an ounce the Spirit of Roses and Essence of Citrons of each half a dram the Essence of Cinnamon six drops With the Syrup of Apples make an Opiate take it often This Water following is excellent Take of the Jelly of Harts-horn drawn with white Wine four pints the Blood of a Lamb and a Calf clensed with the hands from all fibres of each two pints Muschadel Canary and Malago Wine of each three pints of Calfs Hearts cut in pieces four Crums of new white Bread dipped in Milk two pound and an half the Juyce of Balm one pint and an half Rose and Orange Flower Water of each one pint great Citrons sliced three Cinnamon four ounces Mace one ounce Put them in a large glass Still and still them in Balneo Mariae You may make a most excellent and precious Cordial Water after this manner Take of Amber-greese two drams Musk two scruples Lignum Aloes one dram and an half the white part of Benjamin three drams after they are bruised and mixed put them into Spirit of Wine and setting them upon a gentle fire draw out the Tincture fully and then filter off the Liquor and draw off half the spirit with an Alembick upon the ashes with a very gentle fire keep the Liquor close stopped in a Glass with a Cork waxed over and a
the native heat is spent which Galen cals Naâ—cosis or Stupefaction as by long bleeding feavers and the like by which the strength of the stomach and other Parts is consumed Evil also and corrupt Humors whether hot or cold do cause want of Appetite The hot are chollerick adust putrid or virulent whether they are bred in the stomach for want of Concoction or brought from other infirm Parts The Cold Humors are Flegmy and Slimy gathered in the stomach by evil Concoction or coming from the whol body as in them who by often Vomitings bring the corruption of other Parts into the stomach Or from the Brain by Catarrhs in which the stomalch useth to be troubled with Flegm The suppression of the Terms and Haemorrhoids also by choaking and smoothering the natural heat do also diminish the Appetite Moreover The distemper of the Brain and Nerves Cause that the Sucking is not flet in the stomach in them who have lost or depraved the Animal Faculty therefore they are â—ick in mind as in an Apoplexy Lethargy Phrenzy Madness and the like as also in a Palsie by reason of the Obstruction of the Nerve of the sixth Conjugation which comes to the Stomach or by reason of the stupefaction thereof by the use of cold and narcotick things The knowledg of this Disease is manifest for the Patient will complain of his want of appetite and loathing of Meat But the signs of the Causes are partly manifest and partly to be discovered by art And first they which cause the want of emptiness are known by former high feeding repletion want of exercise or evacuation long sleep and other Causes of crude Juyces as also if the body be full and the Veins swoln Also the thickness of the Skin signifieth the same for that hinders the dispersing of the nourishment as also some great disease in some particular part by which there is 〈◊〉 dispersing of the Natural heat in the whol Body so that it is so weak that it cannot concoct the nourishment brought to the parts and supply its wants The signs of the second Cause are manifest namely acute malignant pestilential and syntectickâ— Feavers strong evacuations and other Causes by which there is a great decay of Natural heat in the parts so that they cannot attract necessary nourishment The signs of the third Cause are obstructions whose signs are known in the diseases of the Liver Spleen and Mesentery The signs of the fourth and fifth Cause need a more curious search and first heat in the Praecordia especially in the Stomach thirst dryness and bitterness of the Tongue and Jaws and a Feaver do signifie a hot distemper of the stomach and abundance of Choller And if this hot humor do flow from other parts the disease of that part will shew it as inflamation of the Liver or other part But if no other part seem to suffer you must conjecture that the fault is in the Stomach or that evil meats have been received To these are joyned Cardialgia Heart-scalding Nausea or loathing Vomiting and Purging the Nature of which humors are known by what is sent forth A cold distemper and much flegm is known by cooling Causes afore going or such as disperse the Natural heat and extinguish it as also from the sence of weight in the Stomach from sharp belching or from a slimy thick humor sent out of the mouth or by stool The same is signified by a long Catarrh and a disease in some part which may send flegm or melancholly to the Stomach as of the Spleen Womb or the like Also the distempers of the Brain and Nerves are to be known by their proper signs As to the Prognostick As a good Appetite is good in all Diseases as Hipp. Aph. 33. Sect. 2. saies To be right in mind and to be willing to take that which is brought is good so want of Appetite useth to be an evil sign For it sgnifieth a great digression from the Natural state and it comes as Galen teacheth Com. in 3. Epid. either from evil Humors in the Mouth of the Stomach oâ— from the loss of the Faculty whose duty it was to be sensible of the want of nourishment and consequently to desire it So Hipp. in 1 Epid. saith concerning men in Consumptions that died in the time of an Epidemical disease they alwaies abhorred meat and drink And so Galen Comment in 3. Epid. saith that he hath seen many in a Plague time which could take no sustenance and died But some who were stronger and took courage and did eat recovered So in Hipp. 3. Epid. Sect. 1. Aegr 2. Hermocrates who died the twenty seventh day abhorred meat all the time and in the last daies could not tast And Sect. 2. of the same Book Aegr 6. Euryanactis her daughter abhorred meat all the while and drank nothing worth speaking of died about twelve daies after But we must observe that loathing of meat is sad if it come from the destruction of the Natural heat but it is not so dangerous if it come from abundance of evil humors and Cacochymia as you may see in Hipp. 7. Epid. by the Son of Cleomenis who without a Feaver abhorred meat for two months through abundance of crude and viscid flegm which he at last vomited up So in the beginning of Diseases and especially of Feavers want of Appetite is not so dangerous because then Nature being busie about the concocting of filthy humors is called from her usual desire of meat But after when the Feaver is appeased and the humors that caused the Disease being spent she returns to her old custom In Children want of Appetite is worse than in others because their substance is moist and easily dissipated and requires more use of nourishment to restore them In men recovered of a Disease loathing threateneth a relapse by reason the reliques of the Disease cause it In a continual Disease loathing and sincere dejections are evil Hipp. Aph. 6. Sect. 7. loathing is an evil sign in long diseases but they who are like to escape have the contrary that is a good appetite But sincere dejections coming do cause a worse Prognostick because Hippocrates understands by sincere dejections such as have no humidity mixed with them when the humor alone without any Water is cast forth whether Choller or Melancholly for these stools do shew that all the Natural humidity is burnt up by the heat of the Feaver In long Diseases of the Guts loathing of meat is evil and with a Feaver worse Hipp. Aph. 3 Sect. 6. when there are deep and putrid Ulcers in a dysentery the Stomach suffering with the Guts â—oth not well concoct which offence arising higher affects the mouth of the Stomach with loathing There are some in Dysenteries who abhor meat from the beginning of the Disease by reason of the wil humors which come from the Liver for the superfluous part of them comes to the mouth of the Stomach which is not alwaies dangerous But in
unknown and not to be expressed Let us therefore search after it in the Macrocosm or grater World of which there is a great Analogy or resemblance in the little World And therefore the more witty Hermets say that there is a certain Spirit or acide Liquor sent from the Spleen into the Stomach which dissolveth the solid nourishment and shortly converteth it into Chylous Liquor and that is the principal Instrument of digestion And some conjecture that this may be made because Birds who digest the hardest nourishment have a Spleen round about their Maw for the flesh which is found about their Stomachs is like the substance of a Spleen from whence there is a more noble use of the Spleen than what is allowed by the Ancients who said that it was only for the purging of the grosser sort of Blood because according to this opinion it serveth for concoction of meat Therefore if the Spirit or sharp Liquor which comes from the Spleen when it is in its Natural condition makes a natural and moderate digestion the same spirit being altered from its natural condition and defiled or made sharper or more dissolving it will sooner dissolve solid nourishment and when they are so dissolved and thrown from the Stomach it will make a new immoderate Appetite We do not conclude that this new Doctrine is certain and undoubted but we only shew it that solid wits may examine it And we will talk of it again when we speak of the causes of the hinderance of Concoction The signs by which this disease is known are manifest for it will appear to them that eat and to the standers by that the Appetite is depraved which causeth such devouring of meat which afterwards is thrown up by vomit and then it is Fames Canina and if Vomits follow not then there is fainting with coldness of the extream parts and this is called Boulimia The signs of the Causes may be found by the Antecedents Concomitants and Consequents These are the signs of a cold distemper and of sharp humors in the Stomach belching and sharp vomiting crude dejections or stools want of thirst and external Causes of refrigeration afore going If it come from defect of Nourishment the Patient is lean and there are causes present or fore-going of the dissolving of the Humidity and lastly the signs of Worms shall be spoken of in their proper Chapter The Prognostick of this Disease is thus If it come only from External Causes it is not dangerous if they be presently taken away And if it come of Worms there is little danger for when they are taken away the Disease is cured But it is very dangerous if it follow great Evacuations and meltings of the body especially if after meat when the belly is yet ful there come a fainting for when that which should most help becomes unprofitable it signifies a great distemper of the Stomach So a Dog Appetite continuing with Vomiting and great Purging is dangerous for it useth to end in an evil habit dropsie lethargy consumption and the like As for the Cure because Fames Canina for the most part takes its Original from Melanchollick and Flegmatick Humors fastened in the Mouth of the Stomach therefore Medicines must principally be directed to them such as do empty and change the Humors and also strengthen the part affected You must Evacuate by Vomit or Stool with Medicines Prescribed in the Cure of Want of Appetite from a Cold Cause for although these Diseases are contrary yet come they from the same Humors different in the degrees of Coldness and second Qualities and such as diversly affect the Stomach Also the Remedies there Prescribed to heat the Stomach and strengthen it both internally and externally are excellent because they not only correct the Cold Distemper but dry and cause thirst and thirst coming hunger is diminished Moreover Wine plentifully taken asswageth hunger according to Hippocrates Aph. 21. Sect. 2 And especially the Spirit of Wine or Aqua Vitae They do properly stay Hunger which do much moisten the Stomach relax it and asswage the sharpness of humors As al Fat things and Oyls as Villanovanus reports That one thus diseased did eat a hot Loaf dipp'd in Oyl and a Woman drank the melted Sewet of an Ox with as much warm Oyl at Twice and both did so Disdain Meat That they eat nothing in Five Dayes and were Cured Narcotick Medicines by Dulling the too exquisite sense of the Stomach do lessen this Disease and new Treacle is most usual for it because besides its stupifying quality it doth correct the malignity of the Humors which is some cause thereof But because these are to be used but seldom and not without urgent necessity somtimes you may use old Treacle for the reason aforesaid as also to strengthen Five or Six Grains of Amber-greece taken in a rear Eg doth not only strengthen the Stomach but by a special quality cureth this Disease Chap. 3. Of Pica and Malacia PIca and Malacia are a depraved Appetite by which evil unprofitable and hurtful things are desired It is called Kitta or Pica from the bird called a Pye either in regard of the variety of colours or because it eateth lumps of Earth for Women in this Disease use to eat Earth and Chalk and the like It is called Malacia by Pliny for these Women through Weakness of mind and tenderness want that right and natural Appetite This Disease comes of evil corrupt Humors which are gathered into the Stomach by reason of its hurt Concoction or else sent from other parts Flegmatick and Melanchollick People are most disposed for the production of these Humors especially Women to whom this Disease seems proper and peculiar although somtimes Boyes and Men though seldom have the same Eating of evil Diet doth cause this want of any natural Evacuation especially of the Terms Sadness Distemper of the Liver and Spleen Obstructions and Weakness divers diseases of the Womb and the like These Vitious Humors according to the divers degrees of distempers and other dispositions have a diverse nature from whence come divers appetites of evil things For since som Humors are crude and inconcocted others burnt and adust some require sowr things sharp bitter and very cold so that they are delighted with the continual use of unripe Fruits Vinegar Juyce of Lemons Pomegranats and Orenges cold Water Snow Ice and the like Others desire Earthy Dry and Burnt things as Gloves Cinnamon Nutmegs and other Spices Salt-Ashes Chalk and the like This Disease is Common to Women in the Chlorosis or Green-sickness to Women great with Child and such as have their Terms stopped which staying in the Body corrupt and ascending do infect the Stomach from whence its Actions are depraved and chiefly the Appetite is taken from its natural Condition Boyes are somtimes troubled herewith and especially if they are born of a Woman that hath the Chlorosis Nor are men altogether free from it although it happen seldom
disease about the fourth month because then the Child is grown greater and so consumeth more of the humors and the mother hath sent it forth by often vomitings but if it last longer 't is dangerous for it signifies that the evil disposition of the Stomach hath taken deep root which will hardly be pluckt up It is better for people in this disease to desire sharp and sowr things it is worse if they desire things contrary to Nature as Avicen teacheth fen 13. lib. 2. tract 2. cap. 20. for it signifies a greater distance from the Natural state which is harder to be cured The Cure of this disease is divers according to the variety of the Bodies affected In Women with Child few Medicines are to be used by reason of the unfitness of the subject and danger of Misearriage but you may give them gentle things and such as were prescribed in the Cure of want of Appetite to clense and strengthen the Stomach Nor must you omit blood-letting which done sparingly and often is of great consequence But in Virgins of the Clorosis or green sickness this disease is cured with the same Remedies which shall be prescribed for the Cure of Clorosis in its proper place But the Pica which is in men is very seldom because it comes from obstructions of the Liver and Spleen you may use those things which shall be prescribed for the Cure of them Chap. 4. Of the Thirsty Disease called Sitis Morbosa THe Appetite of Drink or Thirst may be three waies hurt as that of Meat by diminishing abolishing and depraving it is diminished many times by a sweet insipid humor which moisteneth the Tunicle of the Stomach or from too much moisture in the whol Body from whence it is that the parts do not draw the drink from the Stomach It is abolished by acute Diseases through interception of the sence when the mind is sick or because the Natural Faculty is decayed by the extinction of the Natural heat from whence Hipp. saith It is evil not to thirst when a cause of thirst is taken and since thirst diminished doth depend upon the same cause from which want of Appetite is produced and thirst abolished is only in acute Diseases we shall not speak here of them particularly But we will only speak of thirst depraved as being most usual and this is to be divided two waies and Hunger The one requiring divers kinds of Drinks the other great quantities and often That which desireth filthy drink is to be referred to Pica as when they desire Vinegar Lemmons and salt Water It remains that we speak of thirst encreased which is an usual Symptome when the Appetite offends in the quantity of Liquor and much drink is desired The immediate Cause is a want of moist nourishment and driness of the Stomach and of other parts which make the Stomach sensible of their wants This driness and want of moisture useth to come from all such things which can consume the dewy moisture of the Stomach and the whol Body and dry it up and they are hot and dry The dry do principally suck up the Humor and the hot things secondarily Also this disease is either by Propriety or by Sympathy It is by Propriety when the innate moisture of the Stomach is altered and drawn forth by an unequal distemper dry or hot or both somtimes by a simple distemper but often by that distemper which is joyned with matter as a salt sharp or filthy humor fixed in the mouth of the Stomach or contained in its Cavity But that which is by Sympathy comes by consent from the whol Body or some part whose Veins having lost their moisture do suck from the Stomach as it is in Feavers Inflamations of the Liver Lungs and other parts as also in hot and dry distempers especially of the Reins as you may see in a Diabetes or invoiuntary pissing which is called by the name of Dipsacus by reason of the great thirst which accompanieth it The outward Causes are all such as extraordinarily heat or dry as very hot and dry Air long continuance in the Sun or at the fire use of Salt meats sharp and spiced much use of old rich Wine great watchings too much evacuation especially by purging The Hermetical Physitians say that immoderate preternatural thirst comes from some thirsty spirits which are bred of Sulphureous excrements which will not be satisfied with simple cooling and moistening but with other Spirits like unto themselves as we see in Feavers that a strong thirst is little allayed with much Water which with sharp Spirits of Vitriol Sulphur Salt and the like wil be satisfied with a less quantity of Water The knowledg is easie for the Patients will complain But the Causes are known by their proper signs as a hot and dry distemper cleaving to the Stomach and other parts as also sharp salt and bitter humors some whereof are somtimes cast forth or they have their tasts in their mouths if the humors are in the Stomach but if thirst come by consent from other parts the signs of those Diseases will be manifest As to the Prognostick That thirst which comes from Primary Causes is safest for that is quenched presently with drink But that which comes from internal Causes is more or less dangerous according to their differences That thirst which comes with Feavers and other easie cures endeth with them But if it come from great and dangerous Diseases it is very dangerous as in a Dropsie in which thirst is not slacked but rather encreased with drink The Cure of this Disease is often in Feavers and Inflamations of some parts which is described sufficiently in our Method of the Cure of Feavers Sect. 2. Cap. 2. But if Thirst be contracted by immoderate Evacuations causing a dry distemper of the Stomach and other Causes the Cure is by suppressing those Evacuations and by restoring the empty parts with moist Medicines Therefore first having ordered a restoring Diet as in a Hectick Feaver Consumption and Marasmus Two Remedies prescribed by Galen are the best 7. meth namely Milk and Baths Although Hippocrates Aph. 64. Sect. 5. forbids milk to thirsty people that is to be understood of those who thirst from abundance of Choller and putrid Humors in whom Milk is easily putrified not of those who thirst from driness and Consumption We shewed the use of Milk in the Cure of a Consumption Let the Bath be made of the Decoction of Althaea Roots and Lilly Roots with Mallows and Violet Leaves and of a Decoction of the Heads Feet and Guts of Sheep or melt fresh Butter or Oyl in warm Water to be changed often Going out of the Bath let the Loyns Back and Stomach be anointed with Oyl of Violets the Marrow of a Veal Bone and the like with which let as much Breast or Goats Milk be mingled as they will receive Let the Patient in the mean while use restoring Syrups and Lozenges and other Remedies which shall
Convulsive Motion not a Convulsion which is only in the Muscles and parts given to voluntary Motion The immediate Causes of Singultus are propounded by Hipp. Aph. 39. Sect. 6. that is Emptiness and Repletion as of a Convulsion But Galen and Avicen ad a third Cause namely a provocation by a sharp matter Some labor to bring the matter provoking to a kind of repletion that they may excuse Hippocrates But when the matter is plain we need not confound and darken the evidences of things for Authors words For what is more cleer than that Singultus comes from the expulsive faculty provoked Therefore whatsoever can provoke is the immediate cause of Singultus or Hiccough But Humors and Vapors offending either in quantity or quality may provâ—ke the Stomach to expulsion and so repletion and acrimony are two distinct causes But it is not eaâ—e to shew how emptiness makes a Singultus For since its Essence is in defect none will say that Nature riseth to expel a defect but rather will be moved to refresh and repair it and so it doth rather move the Attractive than the Expulsive Faculty But if Singultus follow great Evacuations as in sharp Feavers and malignant and purging with Hellebore it is not simply to be attributed to the Evacuation but rather to a malignant quality in the Stomach coming from the Disease or some Medicine taken The Matter causing Singultus is either gathered in the Stomach or sent from the Liver Spleen Guts or other parts or from the whol Body So sharp Nourishment or sharp Medicines or sharp Humors or gnawing Worms contained in the Stomach cause a Singultus by propriety but inflamation of the parts adjacent by water or vapors sent to the Stomach make it by consent as also because the Tumor especially when the Liver is inflamed doth compress the Stomach by which the expulsive faculty is continually provoked Finally Humors may be brought from the whol Body or sharp humors to the Stomach in diseases of the whol Body as appears in sharp and malignant Feavers The Diagnosis or knowledg of this Disease is manifest of it self But the signs of the Cause are thus to be distinguished so that if it be by propriety the disease is more lasting and there will appear signs of the Humors contained in the Stomach and the disease is aâ—â—waged by Vomit The Humor contained in the Stomach is known by vomit belching taste in the mouth and by other signs And finally if it come from a disease in any other part you may take the signs thereof from their proper Chapters As to the Prognostick Singultus that comes from any principal Cause as Meat Drink or Cold is not dangerous as also that which goes before a Crisis by Vomit and then other signs must be healthful If any have the Hiccough in a great Feaver the Disease is very dangerous Hipp. in Coacis For it comes from sharp Humors and malignant which pull the Tunicle of the Stomach in wardly and force its expulsive faculty And Vallesius saith that he never knew any extenuated persons taken with a hot and malignant Feaver who had a Singultus to escape So it is in Hipp. 3. Epid. Sect. 2. Aegr 12. A woman living in the Market had many Hiccoughs upon the twelfth day and died the fourteenth day of her sickness Also Platerus observed that a Singultus coming upon burning Feavers and continuing is for the most part a forerunner of death and the same is deadly in a Dysentery or bloody flux After Vomiting Singultus and redness of the Eyes is evil Hipp. Aph. 3. Sect. 7. These two signs coming after Vomiting in acute Diseases and continuing any time therefore are said to be deadly because they declare an inflamation of the Brain or Stomach which inflamation is not only the cause of Hiccoughs and redness of Eyes but also of Vomiting For if Vomiting come from sharp Humors that gnaw the mouth of the Stomach and its Tunicles when those Humors are thrown out by Vomit the Singultus and vomiting would cease nor would any sharp vapor be sent to the Eyes which should make them red But when Vomiting doth not only not profit but also brings after it Hiccoughs and redness of the Eyes it is most certain that these three namely Vomiting Hiccoughs and Redness of the Eyes do come from the Inflamation of the Brain or Stomach for the Brain being inflamed doth through abundance of blood send it to the Eyes and into their extream Tunicles whence comes redness to which also the Stomach consenting by the Nerves of the sixth Conjugation is easily from the Inflamation of the Brain brought to Vomit and Hiccough Also the Stomach inflamed by a concourse of hot blood to the Eyes by reason of the great consent between those parts brings Vomit Hiccoughs and redness of the Eyes which the beginning of suffocations do demonstrate and the appearance of things before the Eyes which are in the Stomach disordered whence Hippocrates in his Book del ocis in homine affirms that the Eyes are chiefly hurt by Vomiting Singultus from Inflamation of the Liver is hurtful Hipp. Aph. 17. Sect. 7. which comes then as Galen shews in his comment upon that Aphorism when the inflamation is greater and worse for then it is so great in the Liver that it lieth upon the Stomach and brings the Singultus nay somtimes by conflux of matter there is somtimes an inflamation or Erysipelas in the Stomach or else there comes gnawing from the same being sucked into the Tunicles of the Stomach The Cure of this disease is directed to the Causes which as I said do either produce it by way of Sympathy or Propriety The Causes which produce it by sympathy are the diseases of other parts which being cured this is cured although these Medicines are to be administred then which are good to allay the Symptome which shall be afterwards declared This Disease by Propriety comes of Flegm Wind Choller or some sharp or malignant Humor That which comes from Flegm in the Tunicles of the Stomach is cured by Medicines which cut the Humor clense and purge it and by strengtheners of the part such as were prescribed for the Cure of want of Appetite coming of a cold Cause To which we may ad these following as more proper to this disease Take of Castor one dram the juyce of Mints four ounces Mix them let the Patient take one spoonful or two every fit and you may anoint the Stomach with the same Medicine warm twice or thrice in a day He may take Vinegar of Squils often to cut and dissolve the matter contained in the Tunicles of the Stomach or instead thereof Oxymel of Squils Cloves held often in the mouth do not a little profit Also the Elixir Proprietatis of Crollius is very profitable Take of Dill seeds two or three drams boyl them a little in eight ounces of the best Wine of which let the Patient take one ounce first and last Let
the same Seed be put into a cloth and often smelled to When the Disease is violent these Pills following are very good Take of Castor and Myrrh of each three drams Sal gem half an ounce Diagridium and Mastich of each one dram Agarick newly trochiscated three drams Aloes as much as all the rest make them with Juyce of Mints into a mass of one dram whereof make six Pills gilded Let him take two or three in the morning twice in a week two hours before meat Plaineâ— Pills and almost as good may be made of Hiera with Oxymel of which you may give a drama In the daies between the taking of Pills give this Pouder Take of Dill seeds half an ounce Zedoary Lignum Aloes Nutmegs Cloves and pouder of Diambra of each one dram Let him take two scruples in a morning with a little sweet Wine or put to them three ounces of Common Salt and let him eat it with all his Victuals Apply this Cataplasm following to the Stomach Take of Roots of Aristolochium or long Birthwort Flowerdeluce Bay-berries dried Leaves of Riâ—e and Mints of each three drams Castor and Myrrh of each two drams Cloves and Hypocistiâ— of each one dram Make a Cataplasm with Honey of Rosemary At length when the disease is stubborn you must use the Decoction of Guajacum and Baths of Brimstone as the best Medicines That which comes from wind is cured by the same Medicines adding thereto things to expel wind Apply also Cupping-glasses to the region of the Stomach which miraculously do presently abate and take away the windy diseases of the Stomach That which comes from a sharp Chollerick Humor besides those Remedies which were prescribed in want of Appetite coming of a cold distemper most proper also to this Disease must be cured by Phlebotomy if there be Plethory or fulness by vomiting and gentle purging every third day thus made Take of the pouder of Rhubarb sprinkled with Endive Water half an ounce the pulp of Tamarinds two drams the seeds of Endive and Purslain and of Spodium of each one dram yellow Saunders and Diagridium of each half a dram with syrup of Lemons make a Mass of Pills of half a dram whereof make Four or Five Pills to be given in the Morning as aforesaid Upon other daies let him take Conserve of Roses and Borrage mixed with a little Triasantalon or the Opiate mentioned in the Cure of Want of Appetite Emulsions often used made of the Cold Seeds do powerfully asswage the sharpness of the Humor or in a disease not very hot the milk of sweet Almonds Syrup of Apples with Syrup of Quinces is to be given in a spoon He must take Broth often And must drink cold or warm Water or Ptisans often The Oyl of sweet Almonds doth asswage the sharpness of the humors Let the Stomach be Fomented with a spung dipt in Rose water Take of the Cerat of Saunders and Oyntment of Roses of each one ounce Mastich half an ounce Citron peels and pulp of Quinces of each one dram with Juyce of Housleek and a little Turpentine make two Emplaisters of which lay one to the fore part another to the hinder part of the stomach Anoint the region of the Liver with Cooling Oyntments because the Humors use to flow from thence to the stomach If you suspect any infection you must give Treacle and other Antidotes and anoint the stomach with the Oyl of Scorpions according to Matthiolus These Medicines following are good against the Hiccough of what cause soever First Expel the Humor offending by Vomit if the Patient can wel endure it and Repeat it if the Disease abate and give stronger if necessity requires As Platerus sheweth in his Practice of which he gives an example in his Observations in these words A Chirurgion being sick began to Hiccough day and night so that he could neither sleep speakwell or take meat at last being thus weak and nothing profiting him when he was in an agony we gave him not without fear but at his own entreaty a strong Chymical Vomit at hand by which he vomited abundance of choller green and black and so was cured If the Patient abhor Vomits Purge him But prepare the Humors first or before you repeat it with cutting and clensing means after use these following Apply Cupping Glasses to the Back against the Stomach or before Bind the Stomach that it may not be dilated Use Ligatures to the remote parts Take Annis-seed for they say that doth specifically cure And give often Clysters to draw the Humors from the Stomach Apply yong Creatures to the Stomach And Take Vinegar of Squils in a spoon Neezing doth shake off the Matter which is compacted in the Tunicles of the Stomach as Chrysimachus the Physitian in Plato cured Aristophanes by Neezing when he could not be cured by holding his breath and gargling of cold water Galen 8. de comp med sec loc mentiones the Medicine of Asclepiades of which he examineth every Simple and approveth them as if it had al Faculties fit for this intention namely To discuss and Evacuate the Matter hurtful by Stool and Urin to strengthen the stomach and lastly to mitigate sharpness The Composition is thus Take of Costus or Galangal Saffron Spikenard Roses Mastich of each four scruples Asarabacca and Aloes of each two scruples Opium one scruple with the Juyce of Fleabane make them into little Balls or Cakes and let him take one of a scruple in weight every morning In imitation of that you may quicklier prepare Pills for one Dose of one dram of Aloes two or three grains of Laudanum And if you wil Purge more give three or four grains of Diagridium Duretus testifieth what excellent force Aloes hath in this Disease in these words Many when they have been almost dead with the Hiccough have been cured with Purging five dayes together with Hiera after they have voided black glutinous humors Platerus reports in his Observations That he Cured a Boy of ten yeers old that was troubled night and day for eight dayes together with the Hiccough with the Water of green Nuts distilled with Rhadish first macerated in Vinegar which he gave as a Vomit and though he vomited not yet he was eased and taking a draught thereof at night was presently Cured Forestus reports That he Cured one with one draught of the Decoction of Dill-seeds Carva Purslain and white Poppy-seeds made in smal Ale Claudinus doth highly commend Diaphoenicum with Philonium Romanum when the Cause and the Symptome are very violent Lastly Narcoticks only do alone Cure this when al other things fail by stupifying of the sense of the part which is too exquisite Chap. 8. Of Nausea and Vomiting NAusea and Vomiting differ only in degrees and both are the motion of the Stomach by which it either expelleth or labors to expel things contained therein therfore Nausea is a desire to Vomit with trouble and only sending and pewking forth a thin waterish Humor
by Salivation whatsoever troubles the Stomach either in quantity or quality useth to stir that up when it cannot be voided by reason of the weakness of the Stomach or the strength of the upper Orifice or thickness of the Matter or sliminess But Vomiting which is called in Greek Emetos or Emesia is a Depraved motion of the Stomach which shaketh it by which the Expulsive Faculty is stirred up by Contraction of the Fibres of the lower part and loosening those in the superior doth sensibly with a violent Motion throw upward the Matter contained therein which is troublesom unto it it is called a Depraved Motion both in respect of the Object troubling it as also in respect of the Motion it self which is from the bottom of the Stomach to the Mouth of it turning it when the natural Motion of the Stomach is Compulsive towards the Guts and the Pylorus The Differences of Vomitings are taken from their Causes which are either External or Internal therefore it is Divided first into Natural and Artificial the Natural again is either without a Disease or in the Disease from whence ariseth a Three-fold Difference one is called Periodical another Critical and another Symptomatical Periodical is that which without a Disease is used for preservation often from whence we reade in Hippocrates That the Ancients did Vomit Twice every Month either at distance or together And there are many in our times who use either every Month or Week or Day to Vomit Choller or Flegm by which they are Preserved from many Diseases And this is not properly a Symptome because there is no Disease present but it is rather to be termed a Motion of Nature Critical Vomiting often happens in Diseases and by that the Matter of the Disease if preparation be first made is wholsomly Evacuated either al by which it is Cured or in part by which it is Diminished Symptomatical Vomiting comes from Nature provoked and weakned and without ease to the Patient because it is not enough or it is nourished continually with the Matter that maketh the Disease Other Differences of Vomitings are taken from the things vomited for they are either Nourishable or Excrementitious the first is of Meat Chylus or pure or mixed blood the latter is of Flegm Choller Melancholly Water Matter Worms and the like Artificial Vomiting generally is whatsoever is from an External Cause The External Causes are chiefly Stroaks Falls Compression of the lower Belly Southernly weather or infectious Air Poysonous Breath Stinking Smels Violent Exercise Riding Sayling at Sea especially in a Southernly wind beholding or conceiving of some filthy thing And the like External Causes which provoke Nature or move the Humors but especially things taken in have great force not only vomits called Emetica and Poysons which we distaste but also Nourishment either hurtful in their Nature or hated peculiarly of some as in Hippocrates who speaks of one who with eating of Mushromes or Toad-stooles died Vomiting The same happened to a Courtier of Antoninus the Emperor who by eating much mouldy Cheese died Vomiting The quality of Food wil do the same if it be Fat or Oyly as also a proposterous order in eating when moistning and loosning things are eat after astringents and also too much food taken though never so good as appears in Gluttons for then Nature being over charged desires to throw out what she cannot concoct to which she is also stirred up by the evil quality which is brought to those meats by corruption or evil concoction The internal Causes are either Antecedent or Conjunct The Antedent Causes either come from the whol Body or from some proper peculiar part into the Stomach They come from the whol Body in a Plethory evil habit or Cathexy Feavers and other diseases of the whol Body The Humors are often derived from some peculiar part into the Stomach in the Inflamation of the Liver Spleen or other Obstruction of the Mesentery from the Terms stopped or Hemorrhoids from a Catarrh or the like To this you may ad the evil Conformation of the Porus Cholidochus when it is not placed into the Duodenum but into the Stomach whence they are called Pichrocholi Ana who are often troubled with Chollerick Vomits by reason of this evil Conformation Alâ—o this vomiting cometh by the Peristaltick motion of the Guts when they are stopped in the Chollick and the humors cannot well get forth but come upwards also Worms coming up into the Stomach from the Guts and pulling the inward Tunicle thereof do cause vomiting And lastly An Imposthume broken in the Spleeâ— Mesentery and other parts of the Abdomen useth to cause a vomiting of Matter The Conjunct Causes of Vomiting are them before mentioned when they come to the Stomach for while they were in other they were antecedent Causes These are especially divers Humors some bred in the Stomach especially Flegm of which there is often much in the Stomach by Crudities and want of Concoction when the Stomach is weak and turns it into flegm So also is there somtimes green Choller in the Stomach bred of corrupt Humors as Galen teacheth Com. in 2. Progn and this cleerly appears in sucking Insants who through corruption of Milk in their Stomach use to avoid green stools like Leeches or Verdegreese This green Choller which comes from corrupt nourishment in the Stomach is not the same with that which cometh from yellow Choller by adustion and torrefaction The Signs of Vomiting are manifest But the Causes as they are divers so they have divers signs First then if Vomiting come from a fault in the Stomach there are signs of that part being affected as loathing of meat heaviness extension swelling in the Region of the Stomach slow and hand Concoction sowr and stinking belchings and other signs that shew the distemper of that part So if it come from a Common and Organical Disease in the Stomach as a Tumor or Ulcer the signs of these Diseases will discover themselves But if Vomiting come by sympathy from the whol body or other parts there will appear some Disease of the whol body or some part The whol Body is affected in Feavers evil Habit Jaundice Atrophy or want of nourishment But the Principal parts from which the Humors are sent more frequently to the Stomach are the Brain Liver Guts and Womb. If the Humors flow from the Brain to the Stomach there will appear signs of distillations frothy and flegmy vomitings and a great loathing at meat time If the Humor come from the Liver it is commonly Choller and Vomiting before meat is worse than after and there appears some disease in the Liver as pain or tumor If the Matter come from the Guts either there will be Chollick or Illiack passion or the signs of Worms Lastly If it come from the Womb there is Conception suppression of Terms or other Symptomes We may also know by some signs whether the Humor be contained in the Cavity of the Stomach or stick to the
Tunicles thereof For if it be in the Cavity it is easily cast forth and there is stretching in the Stomach and trouble after Meat which will not cease till the Humors are sent out by vomit which are for the most part thrown out alone and the Meat retained But if the Humors stick to the Tunicles vomiting is chiefly after Meat and the Meat is cast forth without the Humors but when there is no Meat there is a loathing and that which is cast forth is thick and slimy and with great straining The external Causes are known by relation of the Patient as if he hath eat or drunk too much or received a stroak or eat any evil thing The signs of Vomiting to come are shewed by Galen lib. 3. de cris cap. ult as Headach dark giddiness trembling of the lower Lip gnawing at the mouth of the Stomach often and much spitting You must make the Prognostick thus Vomiting from Choller and Flegm which is neither very thick nor very much and which hath both those Humors exquisitely mingled is good For it is commendable in substance quantity and quality For of all excrementitious Humors Flegm and Choller are the mildest if then they be vomited well mixed and in a moderate quantity and consistence it hath all the laudable conditions Chollerick and Flegmatick Vomitings on a critical day are very good For not only mixed are good but vomiting of one single if it cause the Disease So in Chollerick Feavers when Choller comes forth critically or Flegm in Flegmatick Feavers the Disease is at an end or at least there is great hopes of recovery A Vomiting naturally after a long flux of the Belly cures the disease Aph. 15. Sect. 6. for there is a revulsion of the Matter to the contrary part And this shews that Nature is refreshed and gets strength For as the Physitian ought to labor for the retraction of those things that flow to any part So Nature when she begins to prevail makes a repulsion of the Humor which flows to the part affected that the part may be refreshed and strengthened Little and violent vomiting in a sharp Feaver is evil for it is not good to void sparingly in a Crisis for it signifieth one of these two things Either abundance of Matter which Nature cannot bear but must send some of it forth or the weakness of Nature which striveth in vain to send forâ—h that which is superfluous Vomitings of divers colors are evil it signisieth divers Humors lurking in the Body and therefore Nature will be more put to it with divers enemies for if it be troublesom to Nature to contend with divers Nourishments how much more dangerous is it to strive to concoct and tame divers preternatural Humors especially in acute Diseases in which there is but short time to fight which should be long that there might be more hope of Nature being a Conqueror Green Vomiting like Leeks Verdugreese as also blew black or stinking is deadly For it signifieth that there is abundance of Choller of those colors And all these kinds of Choller use to produce malignant and deadly diseases And if there be a stink it shews a great corruption of Humors with which Nature cannot long consist In acute Feavers Vomiting without mixture of Humors is evil according to Hipp. 1. Porrhet For a pure Humor is not only crude but incapable of Concoction because it excludeth not only the act but the power of Concoction Hippocrates calls every humor that is without mixture and every Excrement that is hot and crude Acriton because it is bred either by the defect of some part or by reason the watery serous matter is exhausted by the heat of a Feaver Therefore in sharp Feavers it shews that there is a great inward inflamation and for the most part such as Nature cannot conquer As for the Cure If Vomiting come from a disease in some other part it needs no other Medicines than those which are agreeable to the disease from whence it comes But if it come from Chollerick Flegmatick or Melanchollick Humors which stimulate and provoke the Stomach either by their quantity or quality you must throw out those Humors by Vomitive Medicines But if they be thick and glutinous or clammy they are to be cut and clensed as we shewed in the Cure of want of Appetite The best Vomit in this case is that which is indifferent gentle and not too weak as warm Oyl nor must you give strong ones made of Antimony which draw violently from remote parts But such as do clense and dissolve the glutinous Humors as Gylla Theophrasti or white Vitriol preparâ—d but Salt of Vitriol brought to a high redness by Calcination is the stronger If Vomits are unpleasant you must take away the Matter with often Clysters and gentle Purgations with Rhubarb in them which astringeth and strengtheneth afterwards In Chollerick Vomitings these Pills following may be prescribed Take of Aloes washed with Rose Water three drams the pouder of Rhubarb sprinkled with Borrage Water one dram Mastich red Sanders and Coral prepared of each one scruple With Syrup of Roses Solutive make a Mass of Pills of which take half a dram or a dram every other day till the Vomiting be ceased Or Take of Rhubarb poudered one dram yellow Myrobalans one scruple Spodium or burnt Ivory and Harts-born shaved of each six grains Make a pouder and give it twice in a week in a â—â—ttle Broth. Or make a Bolus of Hiera Picra or three drams of Diacatholicon with one dram of poudered Rhubarb In a most violent Vomiting give three grains of Laudanum with two scruples and an half of Cochie Pills the less the Vomit will be stayed and five hours after they will work downwards There iâ— a good quantity of the purgung Pills in this Receipt because Laudanum doth astringe and therefore it must be given with Medicines made of Diagridium and Coloquintida And if the Medicine do not come away you must give a sharp Clyster After suâ—fâ—câ—ent purging you must strengthen the Stomach with Syrup of Quinces sowr Pomegrantes old Conserve of Roses or Comfry Roots Conserve of Quinces or this following Julep if it be very Chollerick and vehement Take of the juyce of sowr Pomegranats six ounces the juyce of â—linâ—s clarified two ounceâ— Sorrel Water one pint white Sugar half a pound make a â—ulep in which white it is clarifying boyl gently in a clout of yellow Saunders red Roses and Spodium of each one dram Let him take four ounces first and last Take of Terra Sigillata or sealed Earth Bole Armonick red Coral prepared Pearl Purslain and Sorrel seed of each one dram shavings of Harts-born and of dried Mints of 〈◊〉 one scruple red Roses half a pugil Make a Pouder to be taken in Bâ—oth or the like or in a spoonful of Chalybiate Water Or Make Tablets thereof with Sugar dissolved in Plantane Water or an Opiate with Syrup of Quinces Conserve of Roses or Comfry Roots Some
by reason of the superfluous Humor which is contained in the Veins being an Enemy to Nature yet it cannot be denied but it is greatly decayed by those grievous vomits and stools It is better therefore first to allay the violence of the Humors and after the symptomes are asswaged to open a Vein And because in this Disease the strength quickly fails by strong evacuations you must be very careful in the restoring of it by that way which is shewed in the Cure of weakness in the eighth Book and the third Chapter Chap. 10. Of Pain in the Stomach called Dolor Ventriculi IT is a sad and troublesom sence in that part from some things that gnaw and stretch it till it break or be wounded In the Stomach you must consider three parts which much differ one from the other namely it s upper Orifice and its lower called Pylorus and the rest of its Body which maketh up the whol Cavity The upper Orifice is of exquisite sence by reason of the great Nerve which it hath from the sixth Conjugation and therefore pain therein is very sharp and makes the Heart which is the most noble part and neer unto it sensible of the same from thence it is called Cardialgia and Cardiogmos for there is such a neer consent between the mouth of the Stomach and the Heart that the Ancients called it by the name of the Heart Cardia But if the Membranes of the Cavity or the Pylorus be pained it is called simply Dolor Ventriculi and somtimes Colica Ventriculi especially when it comes of wind The immediate Cause of this pain is solution of Continuity by things sharp and distending and they are chiefly Humors or Wind and somtimes Worms gnawing the Tunicles Sharp and malignant Humors as green Choller or black salt Flegm corrupt Matter sent into the Stomach from an Imposthume broken in the Liver or Breast and all other sharp Humors which may cause pain Also sharp vapors coming from those Humors use to cause this pain The Wind contained in the Cavity of the Stomach doth cause swelling and painful distension especially if it be restrained within its Tunicles which makes a very stubborn Disease and cannot easily be sent out The Diseases both of the Stomach it self and of the parts adjoyning use to breed this pain as any great distemper either hot or cold and especially an Inflamation and somtimes a Schirrus or other hard Tumor which maketh a heavy pain as also Wounds and Ulcers of the same part and swellings in parts adjoyning by wind or other waies cause this pain by compression of the Stomach Now these Humors and Winds which cause pain in the Stomach either come from the whol Body or some parts thereof From the whol Body in Feavers or when the Body is filled with evil Humors And from other parts especially the Liver Spleen and Brain from the Liver there comes Choller from the Spleen Melancholly and from the Head salt Flegm Also this pain may arise from other extraordinary Causes not usual as Schenkius observes from stones bred in the Stomach lib. 3. observat And Fabricius Hildanus observ 33. lib. 4 reports that a Woman had a piece of Rind or rusty Bacon two yeers in her Stomach wherewith she was continually pained and which after by taking a Vomit she threw up and was cured The external Causes of this Disease are either evil qualified or of sharp Nourishment which of themselves produce it or things apt to breed Wind or things taken in too great a quantity which putrifie and turn sharp or things that are too hot and breed much Choller As also strong sharp deadly Medicines either taken in too great a quantity or not sufficiently corrected and poyson The Diagnostick Signs are from the part affected and the cause And first when the pain is under the Cartilage Ensiformis or Xiphoides it shews that the upper Orifice of the Stomach is affected but that it is a true Cardialgia in the mouth of the Stomach you may know more certainly when there is a most sharp pain from the exquisite sence of the part with such trouble and disturbance that the Patient cannot stay in a place or in one posture but often swounds and fainteth by consent and sympathy of the Heart with the Stomach not only by neerness to it but also by reason of the dissipation of the Spirits by the pain Somtimes the Brain consents by Reason of the famous Nerve which is in the Stomach and the sharp vapors which are directly sent into the Head from thence from whence come Cephalalgia Hemicrania Vertigo and Epilepsie In other parts of the Stomach there are great pains but they have not so great Symptomes and therefore they are like the Chollick differing only in place The Causes also are known by their proper signs The most manifest are taken from the Excrements for Choller Flegm Wind or Worms are voided at the Mouth or Belly it is easie to conjecture that the Disease depends upon these Causes But if no Humor be discharged we may know when Choller Flegm or Wind abounds by their proper signs and the signs of Worms are to be taken out of their proper Chapter As also the proper diseases both of the Stomach and parts adjoyning which produce this Disease are known by their proper signs The knowledg of the Humor causing this pain is also taken from the time of its coming encrease and cessation Some are troubled most violently before meat and this shews that Choller is predominant which is stirred in time of emptiness and drawn to the Stomach and made more sharp Some are pained presently after meat because the raw biting Humors which before were quiet and fixed to the Tunicles of the Stomach are moved when Meat is taken or they which were in the bottom of the Stomach are raised up and disturb the mouth of the Stomach Others are pained in time of Concoction because sharp gnawing vapors arise from the Matter causing the Disease from the heat encreased in the Stomach in time of Concoction Others are pained four or five hours after meat because it is corrupted by evil concoction and so gnaweth the Stomach Some are worst after sleep and that comes from a Catarrh from the Head in the time of sleeping which being heaped up in the Stomach produceth pain afterwards Somtimes the pain is appeased after Meat because the sharpness of the Humors is qualified by the sweetness of the Meat As for the Prognostick it is most certain that Cardialgia is more dangerous than any other disease of the Stomach by reason of the exquisite sence of the Mouth of the Stomach and its great consent with principal parts The danger is more or less according to the malignity of the Cause and the vehemency of the symptomes A continual acute Feaver joyned with a great pain of the Stomach threateneth great danger as Hippocrates saith Aph. 65. Sect. 5. In Feavers if there be great heat about the Stomach and
Cooling Diet and Convenient Remedies That Pain which comes from Inflamation Imposthume or Ulcer may be Cured with the Remedies Prescribed in the following Chapter Chap. 11. Of the Inflamation Vlcer and Imposthume in the Stomach ALthough al kinds of Tumors may arise in the Stomach as wel as other parts yet we wil speak here only of a Phlegmon or Inflamation which is most usual the other happen seldom and may be Cured by the same Method with the Tumors of other internal parts The Inflamation of the Stomach is a preternatural Tumor coming of Blood which is sent into the substance of the Stomach and its Membranes by the Veins derived from the branches of the Vena Porta This Blood is either pure and makes a proper Phlegmon or mixed with Choller Flegm or Melancholly and makes a Phlegmon Erysipelatous Oedematous or Schirrous The External Causes may be many al that inflame the Blood as hot meats wine or al that can drive it to the part as a blow upon the belly especially when it is ful to which you may ad things that are very sharp and very hot as Cantharides sublimate The signs of this Disease called Diagnostica are a great Pain burning pricking distending and beating reaching to the back you may feel a Tumor and somtimes see it the shoulders are drawn downwards the breathing is difficult as also swelling and belching somtimes blood is vomited there is a most burning Feaver with most greivous Symptomes If the Inflamation be pure only from blood it is somwhat gentler but if it be with Choller called Erysipeals there are greivous Symptomes and the febris called Lipyria in which the exterior parts are cold and the internal burn and there is an unquenchable thirst such a kind of Feaver useth to be in an Erysipetous inflamation of the intestines Like to this Inflamation of the Stomach is that which is in the upper part of the Liver by which the Stomach is covered or in that part of the belly which lieth upon it which is only distinguished by the deadly Symptomes for then the Stomach hath the most desperate From what hath been said is easie to Prognostick and to pronounce this Disease to be for the most part deadly But that is most Dangerous which is over the whol Stomach or its upper part or which is like to an Erysipetas Galen 3. Prorrhet shews That much Loathing and Rumbling of the belly is evil For it shewes that evil Humors do stick close to the Tunicle of the Stomach and pul them to provoke Expulsion If the Inflamation do not kill nor is dispersed it turns to an Imposthume which is known by the mitigation of the Pain and the Feaver while the Tumor remaineth After the Imposthume is broken there remaineth an Ulcer which is known by voiding of Matter by Vomit and Stool But an Ulcer is produced in the Stomach not only from an Imposthume but from other Causes which we shal here reckon up least we seem defective in the Theory The Causes of Ulcers in the Stomach are either Internal or External The Internal are sharp Humors bred in the Stomach or sent thither from other parts as yellow Choller or black or salt Flegm The External are sharp Medicines that Corrode or Poysons and Wounds of the Stomach not wel Cured which turn into Ulcers as also the breach of some great Veins which could not wel grow together after much Vomiting of blood An Ulcer bred in the Stomach is known chiefly by Matter which is cast forth by Vomit or Stool to which principal sign there are others to be added First there is perceived in the belly a pricking pain joyned with burning especially when any thing is taken that is strong in quality either sharp salt or sowr or very hot or cold there is also no Appetite stinking belching and a constant lingring Feaver The Prognostick is alwayes deadly except the Ulcer be very little and only in the superficies and without a Feaver For the Membrane of the Stomach being ulcerated being a Spermatick part will hardly grow together again the Nourishment will not be well concocted in a Stomach ill affected but will be thrown out before concoction and so rend the Ulcer Moreover Medicines do little good because clensers which are required for cure of Ulcers increase pain and dryers which also are required are continually hindred by the Meat and Drink and Chyle and other Humors which continually are in a weak Stomach The Cure of the afore said Diseases is several And first the Cure of Inflamation is to begin with Blood-letting often in both Arms as the strength will endure And although by reason of swooning and coldness of the extream parts the strength seem at first to be impaired yet because it comes from oppression it requires evacuation and therefore blood-letting must not be denied Moreover the opening of the Hemorrhoids if the Patient be used to that evacuation doth revel Blood from the Stomach Also Cupping-glasses both dry and with Scarrification to the Shoulders Back and Buttocks with Ligatures and Frictions of the extream parts and heating of them becauâ—e they are usually cold with hot cloathes and anointing with Oyl of Flowerdeluce and Spike and other hot things are very good We disallow Purges in this case because they trouble the Humors and draw them to the part affected But Avicen commends the Decoction of Tamarinds or half an ounce of Cassia dissolved in Whey or Endive Water if it be given every day to the seventh day because they purge not by attraction but by mollifying mitigate sharpness and asswage pain But it is better in the beginning to abstain from all Purges After the seventh day is past when there appear some signs of Concoction and declination you may give a Purge of Rhubarb one dram with one scruple of red Sanders infused in Borrage Water adding one ounce or two of Syrup of Roses that the filth which sticketh to the part may be brought forth more powerfully In the mean while you must every day give Emollient Cooling and Lenitive Clysters such as these Take of Chicken Broth or the Decoction of Mallows and Violets of each one pint Cassia new drawn one ounce Oyl of Roses and Violets of each two ounces Sugar one ounce and an half With two Yolks of Eggs make a Clyster You must give altering and strengthening Medicines at the Mouth they may be the same which were propounded in the Cure of the Pain of the Stomach from a Chollerick Humor But the Syrup of Water Lillies and of the Juyce of Purslain are peculiarly good especially in the beginning because they supply the place of Repelling Medicines Also Emulsions made of the four great cold Seeds and white Poppy Seeds are good for they asswage pain and heat As also these following Juleps Take of Rose Water three ounces Plantane Water two ounces the Juyce of Sorrel and Pomegranate Wine one ounce and an half Sugar of Roses one ounce Boyl them a little and
capable of the same Or rather from Eilesthai which signifieth to be rowled and girt about therefore the Latins call it Volvulus or Convolvulus because the Guts in this Disease seem manifestly to be rowled about and to be moved upwards it is also called Rordapsos because the Guts if you lay your hand on them seem to be like a stretched or twisted cord The Barbarians cal it Miserere mei because it is a miserable Disease and commonly deadly and therefore needs divine Commiseration This Iliack Passion is a preposterous motion of the Intestines in which the Belly is alwayes bound and the Excrements which should be carried downwards are brought to the Stomach and cast out by vomiting It is known that the Intestines have a natural motion by which the Chylus and Faeces are by degrees carried downwards which is called Peristalticus this motion is by the Orbicular and Transverse Fibres which contract the Intestines and is compared to the motion of Earth-worms which move the parts of their bodies successively And this motion is somtimes inverted by preternatural Causes as when the Fibres of the Intestines which ought to be contracted from above down-wards are contracted upwards and whatsoever is in the Guts is not sent towards the Belly but towards the Stomach and then is this Iliack Passion We observe somthing like this in Vomiting for when the Fibres of the Oesophagus contract themselves from the upper part towards the Stomach the meat is swallowed down but when by an inverted order they contract themselves from the part beneath up wards there is vomiting This Peristaltick inverted motion comes from the vehement stirring up of the Expulsive Faculty of the Guts which when it cannot throw down-wards the superfluous Excrementitious matter doth by a violent motion cast it upwards This motion is somtimes so violent that not only Chyle and Wind and Excrementitious Humors but the Faeces also and Excrements which should be sent out by the Anus are thrown forth by vomiting So that Clysters and Suppositories also are snatcht up and vomited out So Matthew de Gradi reports of a Girle of twelve yeers old who in this Disease for three dayes together did not only vomit up Dung and Clysters but also along Suppository a short time after it was administred unto her and when another Suppository was tyed to her Thigh that was presently broken off and vomited up with a piece of the Thred at it And when Thirdly a Suppository was tyed with four strong Threds as before that also was broken off and Vomited up with part of the Threds And at length when the Mother as desired by the Physitian to administer another it was drawn upward with so much violence that she was constrained suddenly to draw it out least it should be again Vomited up There are the like stories in Authors which for brevity sake we omit This stirring up of the Expulsive Faculty of the Guts comes from divers Causes The chief is Obstruction therefore whatsoever doth so violently obstruct the Guts that nothing can descend doth beget this Disease for after the Faculty hath long labored to throw out superfluities the ordinary way and is frustrate of her intention desiring to satisfie the necessity of exclusion she takes another Course and by a preposterous motion drives them upwards and vomiteth them out The Causes obstructing are hard Dung long retained gross vapors gathered in abundance into the Guts and violently distending them Inflamation and other great Tumors which wholly shut up the internal Cavities of the Gut and the circumvolution of it so that it is as it were tied in a knot which often happeneth in a Hernia or rupture and also in the Chollick after which often follows this Ileos because the Intestines being stretched with wind do rowl together and somtimes knit a knot The more unusual causes which do so provoke the expulsive faculty that are constrained to alter their motion are great Ulcers or sharp Humors which twitch the Guts for when the faeces or other Humors going downwards do touch the ulcerated part they so prick it that the faculty is provoked not to suffer so noxious a thing to pass but driveth it upwards with violence which motion the other Intestines stirred up by sympathy do follow till the noxious Matter goes to the Stomach which following the same Motion by the help of the aforesaid faculty drives it forth by vomit The Signs of the Iliack Passion are partly Common to those of the Chollick and partly proper The Common Signs are pain in the Abdomen swelling and pussing up of the Belly a bound Belly loathing of Meat Nausea Vomiting want of Rest difficulty of Breathing and Pissing Those which are Proper and peculiar to this Disease are a sharp pain and most violent pussing up and very violent distension an eminent hard tumor in the Hypogastrium a total suppression of seege so that nothing is voided that way In progress of the Disease there is irregular vomiting first of Choller then of Flegm and Chylous Matter and at length of dung or rather of a Matter like it of corrupt and stinking Meat for the faeces are seldom sent upwards when they are neer death there is abundance of cold sweat refrigeration of the extream parts trembling of the Heart disturbance and fainting Galen in Comment Aph. 10. Sect. 7. affirms that the proper and inseparable sign of this Disease is not to go to stool at all But Hippocrates seems to affirm the contrary 3. Epid. Sect. 2. Text. 7. in an History of a Woman thus affected which dwelt at Tisamen saying there were thin few and crude dejections To which difficulty we answer That in the beginning of the disease some stools may be from the faeces contained beneath the Gut affected which by Nature or Art may be excluded before all the Intestines consent and lose their proper and Natural faculty But when the Disease is confirmed and the motion of all the Guts is peristal like and inverted wholly there is nothing more sent downward The signs of the Causes are these If Ileos come from Inflamation which often happeneth the Disease is most acute and comes quickly to the heighth there is an intense feaver a most vehement pain Chollerick Vomitings and flegmatick do soon appear and faeces and dung do presently and other deadly signs before mentioned If it come from the faeces endurable there went before it a constriction of the Belly for many daies and in the beginning there is no pain but afterwards there is the Disease is of longer continuance nor is it so acute as that which comes from Inflamation neither is the pain so great nor the Feaver so strong and somtimes there is none If it come from wind or flegm it followeth for the most part the Chollick and signs of the Chollick of flegm and wind went before which are laid down in the Chapter afore going As for the Prognostick Every Ileos is dangerous but one more than another
filled with wind by the fire Paraeus also propounds another unusual Medicine by which he boasteth that he cured many at deaths door namely by drinking three pound of Quick-silver in Water alone for with its weight it doth untie the Gut and open and sends down the hard excrements which Remedy is commended by others who say that it may be taken without harm But we may wel fear so great a quantity lest it extinguish the Native heat with its coldness and coagulate the Blood in the Veins therefore in a desperate case it is better to give a less quantity Some give two ounces in a rear Egg and think good to repeat it if the first Dose do not succeed well but you may see in our Observations that one ounce hath done well But when the Illiack Passion comes from the Guts falling into the Cods all the care is to place them right which must be done by the gentle hand of a Chirurgion long fomenting the part affected first with an Emollient Decoction and Relaxing Oyls giving often Emollient and Carminative Glysters so placing the Patient that his Head be low and his Thighs high for some having been hung by the Heels were quickly cured If the Hernia comes with Inflamation of the Intestine it is cured with a fomentation of cold water If wind stretch the Gut discuss with a Fomentation of Spirit of Wine See the examples of both Cures in our Observations Chap. 3. Of Astriction or binding of the Belly BY Astriction of the Belly we do not understand all kind of supression by which nothing is â—et forth downwards as in the Ileos But only a dull and slow dejection by which the faeces and reliques of Meat are seldom and not according to the quantity of Food thrown forth therefore they are necessarily indurated because of their long continuance being dried with heat and some moisture is alwaies drawn from them by the Meseraick which reach not only to the thin but thick Guts It is a Symptome of the Expulsive faculty diminished or the retentive encreased and it is the cause of many diseases therfore the Excreta and Retenta are reckoned among the six things not Natural which not keeping the Law of Nature produce divers Diseases so it being bound sends vapors to the Head and produceth Catarrhs and other Diseases of the Brain disturbs the Concoction of the Stomach and the actions of other parts The Causes of this Symptome are many And first hardness of the faeces and driness are not only Effects but also Causes of them because being hard they are more difficult to be voided and do less provoke the expulsive Faculty They become dryer and harder chiefly and oftenest from the excessive heat of the Liver which powerfully draws away all the moisture contained in the Intestines and leaves the faeces dry This is also caused by violent motion especially riding also by few Excrements through want of food or because they have no actimony to prick the Intestines as it happens in cold Meats and when the Choller doth not go to the Guts as we observe in the Jaundice And lastly Many diseases of the Guts may cause this constriction as a cold and dry Distemper Tumors Obstructions Numbness of the Anus and Palsey and many others The Signs depend upon the knowledg of the Causes which must be taken from their proper Fountains The hot distemper of the Liver is to be taken out of its proper Chapter Also Tumors and other Diseases of the Guts have their proper Diagnosis or signs and so the external Causes as little Meat or coldness thereof riding and the like are known by relation of the Patient As for the Prognostick The Constriction of the Belly is more or less dangerous according as the Cause is greater oâ—less For if it come of Inflamation or other Tumor of the Intestines it is very dangerous but from other Causes less It useth to be contumacious and long when it comes from the faeces indurate and thence come often Chollicks which return after they have been cured by reason of the new dryness of the faeces as also because though the Belly seems to have been made sufficiently soluble by purging and many liquid Excrements are discharged yet there remains somtimes many hard Excrements in the Guts which breed new pains and cannot be taken out but by many Clysters given after Purging The Cure of this Disease depends upon taking away the Causes which are to be taken from their proper Chapters But because it is commonly long especially when it depends upon a hot distemper of the Liver and dryness of the Guts and in the mean time the Belly bound brings many inconveniences We will speak of its Cure by its self which is generally done by Emollients and Laxatives made thus Take of Althaea or Marsh-mallow and Lilly Roots of each two ounces Mallows Marsh-mallows Mercury Violets and Brank Vrsine of each one handful Lin-seed and Foenugreek of each half an ounce Annis seed one dram and an half sweet Prunes three pair Chamomel and Meltlot flowers of each one pugil boyl them to a pint and an half Dissolve in the straining Oyl of Lillies and Lin-seed of each two ounces fresh Butter one ounce and an half Diacatholicon and Diaprunis simple of each six drams Make a Clyster to be given as often as need requireth Somtimes instead of this use the following Take of the Decoâ—tion of Sheeps entrals one pint fresh Butter two ounces Cassia Diacatholicon and Diaprunis simple of each half an ounce red Sugar one ounce Make a Clyster Also twice in a month or thrice you may give one pint of common Oyl alone for a Clyster And because Nature will grow dull by too much use of Clysters and at length will never officiate that way but when she is provoked by one you must endeavor to mollifie the Belly with other means For this end sweet Prunes and roasted Apples with Sugar may be taken one hour before dinner as Galen sheweth 2. defacult alim cap. 31. For if they be taken immediately before dinner they will not work Or take Chicken Broth or other Broth in which have been bovled beets Borrage and some Apples or one spoonful of Oyl of sweet Almonds newly drawn without fire with as much Syrup of Maiden-hair or two spoonfuls of this Syrup following Take of the Mucilage of Fleabane seeds and of Quinces drawn with Mallows Water one pound and an half white Sugar one pound Make a Syrup according to art That the Prunes may work better let him drink half a glass of Vinum Lymphatum or Wine and Water before and after he taketh them fresh Butter taken an hour before Dinner the bigness of a great â—ut and drink Wine and Water will do the same thing Once in a week let him use one of these following Medicines Take of Cassia new drawn one ounce Cream of Tartar one dram Make a Bolus Take of 〈◊〉 one ounce or an ounce and an half Mix
it with Broth and take it in the morning Or Take of Oyl of sweet Almonds and Manna of each one ounce Dissolve them in Broth to be taken two hours before dinner Take of pulp of Cassia two ounces Tamarinds and Manna of each one ounce the pouder of Senna half an ounce Cremor Tartari two drams With Syrup of Roses solutive make an Opiate Let him take half an ounce or an ounce Or dissolve in the Decoction of Prunes half an ounce or an ounce of Manna let him take it one hour before dinner as all the aforesaid for so they will work better Ptisans of Succory Agrimony and Sorrel cast into Water that begins to warm and infused one night either drunk alone or with Wine for ordinary Drink doth keep the Body loose This following Broth doth most certainly loosen the Belly and keeps it so Take of Beets and Mercury of each one handful Boyl them in Broth and take it one hour before dinner Or Take of Conserve of Damask Roses with Manna and Sugar of each equal parts one ounce for adose Lastly A Bath or Tub with a Decoction of Emollient Herbs is very profitable to moisten all the parts Natural and mollifie the Belly Chap. 4. Of Lientery and Coeliack Passion LIentery is a kind of Flux of the Belly in which the Meat is quickly sent through the Belly as it was taken unchanged But in the Coeliack Passion the Meat comes forth crude and imperfectly concocted whence it appears that these two Diseases differ only in degrees so that Lientery is referred to the act abolished and Coeliack Passion to the act diminished For although the Meat is sent forth either altogether unconcocted or imperfectly concocted yet these Diseases are not to be referred to concoction hurt but rather to the retention for they are either il concocted or not at al because they are quickly sent forth and are not long enough retained to be concocted Hence it is collected that though this Disease bereckoned among the Diseases of the Guts yet the Stomach is much affected and somtimes more than the Intestines Hence Galen 6. de loc aff cap. 2. saith that a Lientery and Coeliack Passion come both by fault of the Stomach and Guts Many Causes of these Diseases are propounded by Authors all which we may refer to three Heads the cold distemper of the Stomach and Liver the provocation of those same parts and a great debility of the retentive faculty from some deadly disease The cold distemper generateth great plenty of flegmatick and glutionous humors which covers and 〈◊〉 over the wrinkles of the Stomach so that it cannot retain the food Hence we may admire why Galen 6. Aph. 1. doth speak against the old Greeks who called this Disease Lienteriam or smoothness of the Intestines therefore because the internal superficies or the Stomach being made smoother doth not retain the Meat whereas the Stomach doth not retain the Meat til a perfect concoction be made so much by the roughness of the inward coat as by an innate propriety of aâ—â—ringing For as we must confess that the principal cause of retent on is the faculty so also must we acknowledg that the faculty doth want instruments fitly disposed without which it cannot act and therfore since the in ward Tunicle of the Stomach is made rough and wrinkled that the Meat may be retained in the Stomach it is no doubt but if that roughness be taken away while the wrinkles are filled up with flegm the retention of the Stomach wil be hurt so that the Food wil slip away unconcocted The like is in the Womb whole inward Tunicle is rough and wrinkled that it may the better retain the Seed for Conception but if it be covered with glutinous Humors it doth not retain and the Seed presently comes forth whence many Women are barren But let us note That if any wil strictly exmine this word he shal find that this Symptome is rather to be called the Smoothness of the Stomach than of the Intestines neither doth it comprehend al its sorts but only that which comes from Flegm which because it is most usual the rest have their denomination from it The provocation of the Stomach and Guts is by sharp Humors which by twiching those parts 〈◊〉 them to send them forth too soon as it is in the Bladder which being pricked by Acrimony doth often piss Hence comes the Strangury Galen 6. Aph. 1. saith That by those sharp humors there is an Ulcerous Disposition in the Stomach as the Aphthae or Thrush is in the mouth of Children The great imbecillity of the Retentive Faculty in great and deadly Diseases often causeth a Lientery as you may see in a Dysentery which when nature is conquered degenerateth into a Lientery the Stomach being drawn to consent with the Guts which are so grievously affected and its Faculties being overthrown so also in Malignant Feavers there happeneth often a Lientery wherby the broth as soon almost as taken is cast forth unconcocted and the same is when Poysonous and Hurtful things are taken There is also another Cause different from the former which peculiarly makes a Coeliake Passion namely The Obstruction of the Mesaraike Veins which hinder the paslage of the Chylus to the Liver whence it must needs be cast forth by the Belly but that this may be it is necessary that al the Mesaraick Veins or the greatest part of them be stopped as in Children who have the Struma or Kings Evil whose Mesentery is found ful of Glandles by which the Mesaraike Veins are stopped and these continually have a Chylous and Coeliake Flux They eat much and grow leaner til they fal into a Marasmus Aetius and Celsus and many of their followers do propound another Cause of the Lientery namely A Smooth and Thick Scar in the Guts remaining after a long Dysentery by which the mouths of the Veins being stopped the distribution of Nourishment is hindered and thence comes a Lientery which Cause we cannot entertain for then al the Guts should have been Ulcerated and the Scar in them al should stop al the meseraiks which is not agreeable co reason because it is impossible that al the Guts should be ulcerated and the man not die The chief Signs of these Symptomes do appear by what is said for if crude meat and unchanged descend quickly and often through the Guts signifieth a Lientery but if it be somewhat changed and seem like Chylus it shews a Coeliack Passion The Signs of the Causes are thus gathered If Lientery or Coeliake Passion come of a cold distemper and Flegmatick humors there wil be sowr belchings the excrements of the belly are Flegmatick there wil be thirst and want of pain if the Flegm come from the Head as it often doth the excrements are frothy and the Flux is greater after sleep And there are other Causes which alter the Head and other Signs of a Catarrh If it come from Irritation or provocation there
hapneth a Critical Diarrhoea without a Disease in some bodies which use to lay up evil Humors and being strong do throw them forth at times when they abound and burden nature as Galen taught 7. meth Cap. 11. of which Flux Celsus maketh mention lib. 4. cap. 19. in these words It is healthful for to go often to the Stool in one day and in many dayes together if there be a Feaver and if it cease before the seventh day for the Body is purged and that which inwardly would have hurt is now sent forth Among Critical Fluxes the Serous is one which comes without a Disease aforegoing in them who have much Water in their Veins and that chiefly in the Harvest time or Autumne namely when the night and morning cold of Autumne finding the passages external and pores of the skin open by reason of the heat of Summer aforegoing doth therefore insinuate it self deeper into the body pressing forth internally the Serous Humors contained in the Veins which Nature afterwards being over-burdened with sends by the Meseraick Veins into the Intestines and many times into the Uriters Hence it is that many in the beginning of Autumne and in the first cold weather do make abundance of Urine for many dayes together But if a Diarrhoea be Symptomatical it troubles the patient much and weakeneth him and the Disease upon which it comes is encreased or at least is in the same state This Symptomatical Flux in burning Feavers and Malignant is often melting and hence it is known because the Excrements appear unctious and the body forthwith becomes lean and consumed and almost in a Marasmus If the Diarrhoea comes from the Brain the Stools are frothy as Hippocrates taught Aphor. 30. Sect. 7. which is not alwaies so For Flegm may flow from the brain without Wind which is the only cause of froth as also Wind may be mixed with Humors that are bred or contained in the stomach or intestines from whence the Excrements may be frothy though they come not from the Head Therefore we must joyn other Signs to this namely If the Brain have any manifest Disease as a Catarrh Deafness Lethargy Apoplexy or great Heaviness Pain or Sleepiness and if the Flux be more at night than day If it come from the fault of the Stomach there wil be the Signs of the Concoction of the Stomach Hurt As if the Food be corrupted and have a sharp and stinking quality by which the Expulsive Faculty is stirred up to expel them Also there wil then be the Signs of a Hot Distemper of the Stomach So if the Stools be Crude and Flegmatick and if Concoction be slow and diminished we argue that the Concoction of the Stomach is hurt by a cold Distemper and lastly we know that the fault is in the Stomach if the Patient did before fill himself with evil Food which would easily corrupt The Flux of the Belly comes from the Guts when they are ful of Worms and then there wil be signs of Worms which you may take from their proper Chapters If from the Liver The Stools wil be Chollerick because Choller is bred there and there wil be Signs of a Hot Distemper Inflamation Obstruction and other Diseases of the Liver If from the Spleen The Stools wil be commonly black or blackish a distention in the left Hypochondrion a heaviness also or pain there and other signs of the Spleen Distempered wil appear If from the Mesentery There wil be extension stretching or pain in that part But Humors gathered in the Mesentery come commonly from the Liver and Spleen If from the Womb There wil be stoppage of the Courses or the Symptomes of the Womb affected which use to be more violent and the Flux also at that time when the Terms ought to flow The Prognostick of a Diarrhoea is made thus A Flux of the Belly which is easily endured and in which the Patient finds refreshment is good On the contrary that which is painful and weakneth is evil The first is to be accounted Critical the last Symptomatical When the Liquid Excrements grow thicker it is good For it signifieth That the Faculty Worketh well by Concocting of evil Humors which is done by making them thick Thin Excrements with pain often voided are evil for they signifie great sharpness of Humors which do violently pul stimulate prick and gnaw the Guts Liquid Stools without Feeling when they are voided are evil For they either signifie Disturbance of Mind or Doting or Dissolution of the Natural Heat which is followed by the loss of Sense Liquid Stools beginning with an acute Disease and continuing with the same is evil for it signifies great plenty of Matter or an evil quality therein which forceth Nature to so sudden a flux If a strong Diarrhoea comes upon him who hath the Leucophlegmatia it causeth recovery Hipp. Aph. 29. Sect. 7. For there is an Evacuation of the Matter which was in the whol Body But this wants a limitation The Aphorism is true if this flux happen in the beginning of a Disease while the strength is good otherwise it doth not take away the disease but the Patient If a Woman with Child have a flux of the Belly she is in danger to miscarry Hipp. Aph. 34. Sect. 5. For the food which should nourish the Infant is for the most part carried away and the strength is abated as also the Ligaments of the Womb are relaxed by a continual flux of Humors thither as also the Child and the Womb are infected by the vapor of those excrements which are continually voided Yellow Stools like Yolks of Eggs green like Verdegreece livid black of divers colors or very stinking are evil For the reason which we gave in the Chapter of Vomiting As to the Cure Since a Symptomatical Diarrhoea comes commonly from corrupt Humors Chollerick Flegmatick Melanchollick or Serous and especially from Chollerick which provoke the expulsive faculty of the Intestines by their sharpness You must begin the Cure by Evacuation of the Humor offending which must be done by a Medicine which doth astringe by purging lest that flux should be encreased by motion of the Humors and you may make it thus Take of the best Rhubarb one dram Citrine Myrobalans half a dram Yellow Sanders half a scruple Infuse them in Plantane Water dissolve in the Liquor strained half a dram the pouder of Rhubarb and one ounce of Syrup of Roses Make a Potion You may ad Diacatholicon or other Medicines according to the condition of the Humor to be purged Also Vomiting is somtimes good because it Revelleth and Evacuateth the Matter of the Disease If there be signs of blood abounding and strength you must first let blood And if there be a Feaver you must open a Vein though there appear no Plethory or fulness Before and after Purging give clensing Clysters such as these Take of whol Barley two pugils Bran and red Roses of each one pugil Liquoris scraped and Raisons whol of
like Quittor which comes only from the distemper of the part and the depravation of the Homiosis or quality by which it makes Nourishment like it self The same befals men in Asthma or Ptisick and other Diseases of the Lungs for their Lungs being distempered do il concoct their own Nourishment but turn it into an Excrement like Quittor which is expelled by coughing and yet they have no Ulcer in their Lungs as many learned Physitians wil conclude when they see the Matter The External Causes of a Dysentery are al things that produce sharp and evil Humors or give them being produced a disposition to cause a Dysentery The Principal are sharp Meats or very subject to putrefaction as Fruits soon rotten and al unripe things Waters that are drunk ordinarily wherein there is Crudity or a Mineral and Medicines which are deadly qualified and evil Air as Hipp. Aph. 11. Sect. 3. when the Winter is too cold or dry the Spring too wet and too full of South winds then there wil be Dysenteries in the Summer And Aph. 12. Sect. 3. If the South wind blow much in Winter and it rain much but if it be dry and the North wind blow much in the Spring those seasons produce Dysenteries But the proper Distemper of the Air to produce a Dysentery is known in a contagious or Epidemical Dysentery which somtimes is more dangerous then others As also there is an Infection in the Excrements of those that have this Disease to them that smel them and if thâ—y be cast into the Privy they infect most of the Family that sit over them The Signs of a Dysentery are taken out of the Definition mentioned an often bloody Evacuation with pain and torments of the Belly and somtimes a Feaver watching thirst loathing of Meat and other Signs common to many Diseases But it is hard to know whether the thick or thin Guts are ulcerated Usually if the pain be above the Navil they say it is in the thin Guts and if below in the thick but this is contrary to reason because both the thin and thick Guts are carried both to the superior and inferior parts Therefore this sign is rather to be taken from the quality of the pain and the excrements For if the thin Guts are affected there is vehement pain like pins pricking because they are more Membranous and of more exquisite sence As also they go not to stool presently after the pain and there is blood in every stool for because the Blood and purulent Matter comes far before it be voided it is more mixed with the Dung but if the thick Guts are affected the pain is less vehement and lasting there is presently after a going to stool the Blood and Matter swim upon the excrement or are very little mixed and in a great Ulceration there are as it were little pieces of flesh The Signs of the Causes are taken especially from the Colour of the Excrements when they are yellow green white or black to which you may ad the Signs of Humors abounding from the Age Temperament time of the yeer and course of Life The Prognostick is thus made If the Thin Guts are Ulcerated there is more danger for they are more Nervous and being neerer the Liver they receive more pure Choller Dysenteries coming from black Choller or Melancholly are deadly Hippocrates aph 24. sect 4. because the Ulcer grows Cancerous which is seldom Cured outwardly in the body But if this Melancholly comes by Crisis of Judgement it is not so dangerous But you must beware least you take Congealed blood for Melancholly A Dysentery from Choller or sharp Diet is easily Cured from salt Flegm it is worse than from Choller because by reason of the Clamminess it stayes longer in the Guts to ulcerate In long Diseases of the Guts Loathing of Meat is evil and worse with a Feaver Hippocrates Aph. 3. Sect. 6. If in a Dysentery there be as it were little pieces of Flesh voided it is deadly Aphor. 26. Sect. 4. for it signifieth a deep Ulcer which takes away pieces of the guts Much Watching Stools without mixture of Humors black stinking much blood a Lientery coming after Hickets Chollerick Vomits pain of the Liver Midriff great thirst do commonly declare that it is deadly A Dysentery coming to those which have the Gout or a Disease in the Spleen is good Hippocrates 2. progn aph 46. sect 6. but this is rather a simple Diarrhoea which sends forth the matter of those Diseases Old Men and Children more commonly in this Disease than Men of middle Age Hipp. 2. progn Children because of their tenderness and their not observing rules Old Men because their strength is spent and because there is a great overthrow of their natural state thereby for they do not easily produce excrements that are fit to cause a Dysentery The Cure of this Disease is wrought by Medicines that asswage clense and evacuate sharp humors that Consolidate and dry Ulcers and stop the flux At first you must evacuate the Humor offending least it do more mischief and you must Purge often and it you think it not safe to purge every day or every other day do it every third or fourth day Rhubarb is the best for purpose either given in substance with Broth or made into a Potion as in Diarrhoea Or thus Take of Plantane half an handful Liquoris scraped and whole Raisons of each three drams Red Roses one pugil Tamarinds six drams yellow Myrobalans rub'd with Oyl of sweet Almonds two drams boyl them to three ounces Dissolve in the straining of Rhubarb infused with Lavender in Plantane Water one dram Syrup of Quinces one ounce Make a Potion Or Take of Tamarinds half an ounce Citron Myrobalans two drams boyl them in Barley and Plantane Water infuse in the straining of Rhubarb one dram and an half yellow Saunders half a scruple to four ounces of the straining ad one ounce of the syrup of Roses solutive make a Potion The Decoction of Myrobalans made thus and given in many Draughts is Commended of many Take of the rinds of Myrobalans Chebs ten drams Citron Myrobalans five drams Currans two ounces boyl them in twenty six Pints of Water to the Consumption of the third part strain them and adde ten drams of Sugar clarifie it and put to it half an ounce of Cinnamon Penotus Commends the following Potion as good against both Dysentery and Diarrhoea Take of the Bark of Guajacum beaten two ounces boyl them to halfs in a sufficient quantity of Water adding of red Roses Pomegranate Flowers and Plantane of each two drams boyl them for an hour and then adde to the straining of poudered Rhubarb one dram Diacatholicon three drams make a Potion Many give Parched or Torrified Rhubarb that the Purging Quality may partly be taken away But Amatus Lusitanus takes the second Infusion of Rhubarb and saith That in the first Infusion al his sharpness is taken away and it is better so than Parched
the Liver which also destroyeth the Natural heat This evil disposition and occult distemper may come by burning and swooning Feavers by a hot distemper of the Bowels which melteth the Oyly substance by occult corruption and corruption of Humors by a great coldness from flegm and Melancholly abounding which doth oppress and corrupt the Natural heat and it may come by outward Causes as great draughts of cold Water Snow or Ice extraordinary eating of raw Sallets Poyson and Medicines that purge too vehemently By drinking of too much new Wine salt sharp and peppered Meats and strong things which parch the substance of the Liver To these you may add al other Causes which by too much cooling or heating do dissolve the strength and tone or order of the Liver Hitherto is declared a true and proper flux of the Liver which hath this sign there are Liquid and ferous stools like washings of flesh from the weakness of the Liver which cannot sanguifie or make blood well or from a malignant distemper which spoileth the Natural heat and moisture There is also a bastard flux of the Liver which comes of a simple distemper without any fault of the radical moisture by which distemper the faculty is not hurt but the work hindered so that instead of pure blood there comes impure and corrupt or the good turns into evil when in a true of the Liver there is never any good blood in the Liver The Blood is corrupted either by the mixture of Choller or Melancholly or some other impure Matter or from its too long staying in the Liver and the parts adjacent by which it is made thicker or burnt or rotteth or from the fault of the Spleen which doth not suck away the drossie blood and in this bastard flux somtimes thick somtimes black and somtimes blood is voided mixed with Humors of divers colors The signs of this Disease may be gathered from what hath been said For in a true flux there appear moist stools like washings of flesh which is not in other bloody fluxes if in a Dysentery at any time it is seldom and then there is choller flegm and excrements of divers colors voided and in a Dysentery there is pain and torment of the belly but in this none The Signs of the Causes are known by their proper Characters For if the weakness of the Liver come from a hot distemper there went a burning and consuming Feaver before or there is green vomits or stools thirst and a Feaver foulness of Body and want of appetite and stinking Evacuations but if it come from a cold cause the stools are less stinking neither is there thirst or consumption the whol Body is colder and blewish Somtimes there comes a Feaver from the putrefaction of Humors which changeth the said symptomes but you must examine the Causes afore going which will declare both distempers Also in this cold distemper the Patients desire much strong Wine A moist and dry distemper are known by the contrary effects A moist causeth more and oftener stools very thin but a dry little and thicker stools but there is also great thirst Lastly The external Causes are known by the relation of the Patient and those that are with him A bastard flux of the Liver hath almost all signs of a Dysentery only there is no pain of the belly nor pieces of flesh in the stools as in a Dysentery The Prognostick of this Disease useth to be evil and deadly for when a principal part is very ill by consumption of the radical moisture whose reparation is scarce to be hoped for we can expect for the most part nothing but destruction especially when the Disease comes of heat When this disease comes in Feavers there presently follows a melting of the Body and great putrefaction which presently kils the party For in malignant and pestilent Feavers the danger is encreased according to the evil condition of the Cause But when this Disease comes of a cold distemper it useth to last longer and turn into an incurable Dropsie Lastly A bastard flux of the Liver although it be dangerous yet is it less than a true because it comes only from a simple distemper and evil disposition of the Humors the tone and strength of the Liver remaining sound and may be cured by taking away the Causes that defile the Blood The Cure of this Disease is wrought by Medicines that strengthen the Liver correct its distemper and stay the flux And because it comes oftenest of a hot distemper therefore we wil first speak of the Cure of that distemper because it comes seldom of a cold Cause and is to be cured as a Dropsie First therefore although Evacuations seem to be needless by reason of the greatnâ—ss of the flux you may give Rhubarb either alone or with Myrobalans as in the Cure of Dysentery because it doth strengthen the Liver and the rather if you sind any filth in the stools for many Patients have been cured by only one scruple of Rhubarb given many daies together in Conserve of Roses Clysters are here of little worth because the Liver is affected yet somtimes you may give one of chaly beat or steeled Milk or of a gentle astringent Decoction lest the Guts should be too much relaxed But you may make Juleps to strengthen the Liver and correct its distemper thus Take of Succory Graminis or Dogs Teeth and Sorrel Roots of each one ounce Endive Succory Plantane and Dodder of each one handful Sea-wormwood half a handful red Sanders one dram and an half the shavings of Ivory and Spodium of each two scruples Corâ—ander seeds prepared one dram red Roses one pugil boyl them to â—â—e pint and an half dissolve in the straining Syrup of Quinces and simple Syrup of Vinegar of each two ounces Make a Julep for four Doses to be taken morning and evening Or Take of Plantane Water four ounces Syrup of dried Roses one ounce Spirit of Vitriol aâ— much as will make it moderately sharp make a Julep to be repeated often He may also take of these Syrups following often in a spoon Take of Syrup of Myrtles Quinces and dried Roses of each one ounce the Syrup of Succâ—â—â— simple or compound with Rhubarb one ounce and an half mix them There is an excellent Syrup made of the Tincture of Roses made in Rose Water and with Sugar of Roses brought into a Syrup Also this following Pouder given to the quantity of half a dram or a dram once or twice in a day in a rear Egg Broth or other fit Liquor may be used with profit Take of Plantane and Soâ—rel seeds of each one dram Endive Purslane Dodder and Coriander seeds of each one scruple red Roses and Troches of Spodium Gum Tragacanth torrefied of each half a dram the inward skins of Hens Gizzards dried half a scruple make a very fine Pouder Or the Lozenges made of the three Sanders with a double quantity of Rhubarb given to two drams at a time are good
cast upon the hot coals and let the fume thereof be received in a large funnel by a hollow chair tying a wooden or silver pipe to the narrow hole and putting it into the Fundament A Fumigation made of Mullein is the best of all If you can apply Remedies to the Veins that bleed it is best therefore that they may appear And therefore let the Patient be laid upon a Table and strain as if he were at stool till they appear using an Instrument if there be need And then apply the afore mentioned Cataplasm of the Hair of an Hare and Spiders Webs or other very drying Remedies Bole Allum or burnt Vitriol Also to touch the Vein with Oyl of Vitriol is good or in extream danger with Aqua fortis Which things if they prevail not Hippocrates in his Book of Diet in acute Diseases and of the Hemorrhoids shews the way of tying cutting and burning of them which operation is out of fashion now as being most painful and perilous Although Massaria saith that he once saw it the story whereof will be prositable to be related for by that you may learn the way of working and the event The History is this Frederick Corsicus of Vincentia first had the pain then the immoderate flux of the Hemorrboids And when he had in vain tried many things went to Padua where the Physitians by a common consent concluded that the blood must be stopped But when many means inwardly and outwardly were in vain used in the end finding no Remedy they concluded to try this Manual Operation But having no fit Chyrurgion they sent for a Neapolitan who professed this Art and he cut tied and burnt the Hemorrhoids of Fabricius thus First he bound him so that he could no waies move then he separates the Hemorrhoids from the Intestine then with a Needle he passeth throw and seweth them and tieth all about strongly then cutting off the part of the Vein which is above the sewing he burns it with a hot Iron It was a painful Operation from the Ligature Section and Burning So that Frederick had a Feaver and great pain But the Chyrurgion gave him a few Medicines by which he was freed both from feaver and pain in a few daies to the admiration of all men there and recovered from bleeding But it is not to be omitted how he being too confident and neglecting bleeding and purging which he stood after in need of keeping no orderly diet the next yeer he was taken with a pestilent Feaver and died From whence we may observe the Precept of Hippocrates Aph. 12. Sect. 6. That one Hemorrhoid must be kept open Except the Patient as Aetius observeth had rather prevent the danger that comes by stopping of it by a good diet exercise bleeding and purging But in an ordinary Cure by Medicines you must consider the Liver and Spleen because the Meseraick Veins are inserted into them especially if they be hot or weak And therefore not unprofitably do we apply Epithems or cooling and strengthening Oyntments such as we prescribed in the flux of the Liver and shal more at large be laid down in the hot distemper and inflamation of those parts Somtimes the Obstruction of the Bowels and Meseraick Veins do cause this Disease which are to be taken away for the Cure of the Patient And we have somtimes done it with Pills of Steel which are prescribed in the Obstruction of the Liver The whol time of Cure let the Patient drink ordinarily Iron Water or the Decoction of Yarrow At the same time above all things you must rectifie the blood which is the chief cause of this flux Therefore if it be sharp and Chollerick it is often to be corrected with the infusion of Rhubarb and Tamarinds If it be hot and thin with thickening and cooling Medicines if watery with dryers if much with a slender Diet. For it is vain to think of stopping of the blood except the original of the evil be first taken away Which Solenander observed Cons 22. Sect. 4. in this following History I remember saith he that I had one Ann a Dukes Daughter of a great flux of the Hemorrhoids and because she was far spent I took much pains to stop the flux But when I perceived that the first day after they were stopped she began to swel about the Heart Being sent for again the seventh day I opened the Veins again nor could I safely stop them before I had given gentle Evacutions and alteâ—â—ng and strengthening things for the Liver After you have cured the flux of the Hemorrhoids you must prevent their return which is done by good Diet and bleeding twice or thrice in a yeer and with an ordinary Purge of a Magistral Syrup or other Medicine with an issue made in the Leg and the like which are to be altered according to the divers dispositions of Bodies Moreover Mineral Waters of Vitriol Allum and Iron are very convenient Fonseca commends the Decoction of the Mastich Tree or the Infusion of it in VVine for a Prevention thus made Take of the shavings of Mastich wood two ounces infuse them in twelve Pints of Wine twenty four hours in a warm place then strain it and drink of it a whol month for ordinary drink for it hath strength to stop the Haemorrhoids and strengthen the Stomach Chap. 11. Of the Pain of the Haemorrhoids THe Haemorrhoid Veins that are in the end of the Rectum Intestinum or streight Gut somtimes do swel and cause very great pain This swelling comes of the same Cause with the Flux or bleeding of the Haemorrhoids namely Of blood offending in Quantity or Quality which if it findeth not away and cannot open the ends of the Veins there it settleth and by filling of the Veins causeth a Tumor with Inflamation and pain The principal Cause why Blood cannot get out of the Veins is the thickness of it because it is Melancholly for commonly the Hemorrhoid Veins especially internal are said to receive Melancholly from the Spleen and somtimes to purge it forth Authors give many differences of Hemorrhoids from their greatness number figure and place whence some are called great others little some more some less some are like Grapes Mulberries Warts or Bladders thence termed Uval Moral Verrucal or Vesical Some are External some Internal From these things the knowledg of them is easie for from a Tumor in the outside of the Fundament from its greatness color and consistence the differences are known And they are to be distinguished from other Diseases which use to be in the Fundament as Rhagades Clefts Condylomata Swellings with Inflamation Thymi Kernels Fici Piles and the rest Rhagades are certain Ulcers like Clefts in the Hands and Lips from vehement cold They have no likeness with the Hemorrhoids but we will explain them with the rest although they are properly to be referred to external Diseases that you may with the knowledg of the Hemorrhoids know all diseases of the Fundament Condylomata
suffering do all escape but they who are corrupted in the very fleshy substance of the Liver die and there is good reason to be given why they do The immediate Causes of this Disease are too much Blood or the boyling heat thinness and sharpness of the same or the motion and stirring of it in the Veins from whence by the aforesaid Causes it is easily thrown into those parts which are most fit to receive it The Liver is most sit to receive blood abounding when it is too hot or hath any pain for heat and pain do attract or if it have any Natural or adventitious weakness For all parts that are burdened with any Humor do disburden themselves upon the weakest Among these Causes you may reckon the obstruction of the Liver by which the thick Humors are retained and are inflamed by a Preternatural heat The External Causes may be many as too much heat of the body from immoderate Excercise the Sun or fire but Meats sharp and spiced immoderate taking of two much strong Wine too much Letchery Fear a Stroak or Fall upon the Liver side also hot Medicines applyed without reason thereto as Fabricius Hildanus reports of one who having a cold distemper of the Stomach had Emplaisters and hot Oyntments of Pepper Cardamons Oyl of Cloves and the like applyed to him by which means the Inflamation of the Liver was encreased for the Liver covereth the Stomach and the Medicines which are applied to the Stomach do first touch the Liver with their Vertue Cupping Glasses applied to the Region of the Liver wil do the same of which Fabricius Hildanus brings an Example concerning one who bled at the Nose to whom he applied great Cupping Glasses upon the Region of the Liver which stayed the blood but a great Inflamation of the Liver followed The Signs of this Disease are many according to Galen and other Authors which we shal lay down severally because many errors are committed in the discovery thereof The First Sign is Heaviness in the right Hypochondrion which comes from the Repletion and Distention of the Liver because being of its own nature large and very compact if it be filled with much Humor it wil grow very heavy which the Patient apprehends when he turâ—eth from one side to the other The Second Sign is Pain which somtimes is perceived in one place somtimes in two or three in the Region of the Liver there is a weighty Pain somtimes it is very extending in the lower Ribs when the Inflamation reacheth to the Ligaments of the Liver which are fastned to the Ribs somtimes the Pain is communicated to the Throat by the continuation of the Membranes which have consent with the Membrane which covers the Liver The Third Sign is a Feaver which is commonly at night and is more or less sharp according to the Humor offending for in a Chollerick Inflamation it is most burning but in a Flegmatick gentle and in a Sanguine Inflamation moderate between both The Fourth Sign is Difficulty of Breathing because the Liver is tyed to the Diaphragma or Midriff and therefore by its weight forceth it downwards as also presseth it with greatness and swelling so that both wayes the free motion of the Diaphragma is hindered The aforesaid Signs are Universal or proper to declare the Disease there are many other equivocal Signs which also do much avail to the knowledge of the Disease As a dry Cough a hard Pulse unequal and like a Saw the colour of the Tongue first red and then black great Loathing of meat unquenchable Thirst vomiting of Choller and somtimes of Flegm a pale Colour of the whol Body tending to the Jaundice yellowish red and flaming Urin which is sharp when the Patient lieth with his face upwards he is more at ease than when he lieth on either side because when he lieth upon the right side the Liver is pressed upon by the Stomach when he lieth upon the left it is extended by its own weight hanging down the Belly is bound by reason of the Heat which consumeth al the moisture of the Chylus matter Somtimes it is loose namely when a great weakness of the Liver is joyned with the inflamation for then the Excrements are sent forth moist like the Water wherein Flesh hath been washed The Signs of the Differences are these If the Gibbous or Convex part of the Liver be affected there is a Tumor to be felt in the right Hypochondrion and it makes the figure of the Liver like a half Moon there is great pain in the Breathing and it reacheth to the right side of the Throat so that it seemeth to be pulled down There is a greater Cough and Difficulty of Breathing and greater weight But if the Hollow part of the Liver be affected the Tumor is not so easily felt but because as I have said one part of the Liver cannot be inflamed but the other must also suffer when the part is touched and pressed down some pain is perceived Moreover Because this part lieth upon the Stomach there is a greater loathing of Meat vomiting thirst and loosness of the Belly from the food corrupted in the Stomach which is distempered by the neerness of the Liver to it The Signs of the Causes are these If the Inflamation come from pure Blood there is either a perfect Red or duskish colour in the face the Pulse is great soft and waterish the Urin is red and thick the Body is full of flesh there is sweetness in the mouth the party is yong and hath fed high If Choller predominate the Face is yellow the Pulse swift hard and unequal the Urin thin and very yellow somtimes flaming the Body is lean and thin the Eyes hollow the Mouth bitter there is vomiting of Choller and Causes that bred Choller went afore But because the Inflamation of the Muscles of the Abdomen or Belly is very like the Inflamation of the Liver there we must distinguish them by their proper Signs In the Inflamation of the Muscles of the Abdomen the skin is so extended that if you lay hold of it you cannot move it the humors of the streight Muscles are long and over the whol belly comprehending the Navel and the inflamation of other Muscles is in the form of them On the contrary the Inflamation of the Liver is in the shape of the part affected and if you lay hold on the Muscles they yeild and the Tumor is somwhat deeper Moreover The color of the whol Body is of much concernment for the distinguishing of these Diseases for in the Inflamation of the Muscles it is fresh and almost in its Natural condition but in the Inflamation of the Liver it is pale yellow and like the Jaundice There is a famous Example of this in Galen 5. de loc aff cap. 7. of one Stesianus who when he was judged by other Physitians to have an Imposthume in the Liver Galen being sent for at the first view of his face
Liver be cooled nor can the thin vaporous Excrements be evacuated The Matter that Causeth the Obstructions commonly is a gross Excrement viscous and clammy which being not able to pass freely sticks in the passage and is more and more thickned by the heat of the part so that the longer Obstructions continue the worse they are Somtimes plenty of Humors cause an Obstruction as Galen sheweth 10. meth cap. 2. in there words Of Obstructions some come of abundance of Humors and some from the Quality as when they are gross or clammy Blood letting is the best Remedy against those which come from plenty and the use of attenuating things is best against those that come of Quality This Obstruction which comes from plenty of Humors happens chiefly in the Vessels and their cavities when being too full they are so distended that they cannot contract themselve for the sending forth of the Matter contained As we may observe by the Bladder when it is stretched ouâ— by long retention of too much Urin that it cannot contract it self from whence there comes a stoppage of Urin or difficulty of voiding thereof Not only Humors but also somtimes many gross Vapors which cannot easily be discussed because the way is not open as in the Chollick may be the Cause of Obstruction as Galen teacheth 3. de loc aff which Causes are very rare and absolutely denyed of some The Humors which stoppeth with its thickness is chiefly Flegm which wil easily grow gross and clammy Melancholly is next which by its coldness thickness and drossiness may cause Obstructions Also Blood may do the same by its quantity and thickness And lastly Choller staying long in the Liver grows thick and breeds dangerous Obstructions The Antecedent and Princâ—pal Causes are al things that produce thick and clammy Humors and thick and cloudy Air Meats of gross Juyce viscous hard of Concoction and distribution astringent cold and not fit for to be eaten as Pears quinces Services Medlars Mushrooms Cheese Pulse Pease or Beans Beef and Pork slymy Fish and dryed in the smoak Bread not wel baked Rapes Chessnuts thick red and astringent Wine and muddy Ale Also an evil Disposition of the Liver especially a cold distemper which may also produce Obstructions from good Juyce as when it doth not wel Concoct but turns the meat into a salt tartarous and mucilagnous or slymy Matter Also the Distemper of the Stomach may be a Cause of Obstructions when it begets too crude a Chyle which cannot after be wel ordered by the Liver because the sault of the first Concoction is not amended by the second The Signs of this Disease are to be divided into divers sorts some signifie the kind of the Disease others the part affected and others the cause that produce it The Signs that shew the kind of the Disease are common to al natural parts that are subject to Obstructions for they shew only Obstructions lying in the lower Belly and these therefore wil serve for the knowledg of the Obstructions of the Spleen and Mesentery especially These Signs shew that there are Obstructions in the said parts The Excrements of the Belly being out of their natural condition especially when they are moist white chylous or bloody white Urine thin and watery and as it were strained because the thicker parts cannot pass through by reason of the Obstructions but only the pure water comes through unmixed and it may be yellow if there be heat Difficulty of Breathing especially when the Patient walketh fast or goes up a hill or pair of stairs because the parts obstructed do draw the Midriff down-wards and hinder its free motion the Face is pale there is leanness and dulness over the whol body the Pulse is unequal and lastly there is such a sense of weight in the Hypochondria as they who have been feeding very hard Therefore Hippocrates 4. de victus ratione in acut calls that heavines a fulness of the Hypochondria attributing that Disease to the Hypochondria which properly belongs to the Stomach for as often as the Spleen and Liver are filled with evil Humors and swel they are pressed and feel a heaviness after the least eating of the lightest meats as they who have over-gorged themselves This Sign doth so surely declare the Obstruction of the Hypochondria although there be neither pain nor apparent swelling that Prosper Martianus in his Comment upon the aforesaid Book of Hippocrates assirmeth That he hath concluded that the Bowels were obstructed before ever he handled the Hypochondria The stretching of the right Hypochondrion sheweth the part affected together with the other signs and somtimes pain that is heavy and dul which encreaseth after meat especially if exercise immediately follow somtimes a dry Cough difficulty of Breathing by reason of the neerness of the Diaphragma and a greater weight of that part than of any other The Signs of the Causes are if it come from Humors the pain is more heavy extending and fixed if from Wind it is sharper and more moveable if from cold Humors there is more sense of weight in the right side the Face is more pale there is no Feaver nor thirst there was a cold and thick diet without exercise that preceded if it comes from hot Humors there is less weight more thirst the Face is yellow by reason of Choller or red by reason of Blood there is a Feaver and a pricking pain somtimes and hot diet went before The Prognostick of this Disease is to be made thus A New Obstruction is easily taken away an Old hardly An Obstruction of the Liver except it be speedily and wholly taken away useth to bring many Evils namely Putrefaction of Humors Feavers Inflamations divers Fluxes of the Belly constant and vehement because the nourishment can pass to the parts the Chollick Jaundice Evil Habit of body Dropsie Scirrhus and other infinite Diseases so that Avicenna calls Obstructions the Mother of Diseases An Obstruction made by Humors is worse than that which comes of Wine That which comes of Crude and Flegmatick Humors or of Wind is somtimes cured by a Feaver because the Heat doth discuss the Flatus or Wind makes Flegm thin and more apt to flow The Cure of an Obstruction is to be begun with an universal Evacuation of the whol body by a Potion agreeable to the nature of the Disease Afterwards if there be signs of Plethory or sulness and if the body be not very thin you must draw blood out of the Liver Vein in the Right Arm. Then prescribe this Apozeme Take of Smallage Parsley and Fennel Roots infused a whol night in white Wine of each one ounce the Roots of the greater Celandine two ounces Fearn Roots Elicampane barks the Roots of Capars the inward bark of an Ash and Tamarisk of each half an ounce Wormix ood Agrimony Maiden-hair Germander the tops of Saint Johns-wort and the Lesser Centaury of each one handful Smallage Parsley annis and Fennel seeds of each half an onnce clean
had no wind coming forth of the Cavity of the Belly neither did their Bellies but their Guts sink especially the thin Guts which were so stretched with wind that they came forth so rouled together that they could not be again thrust into the Belly But we must observe that the wind which causeth a Tympany is seldom contained in the Belly alone but for the most part mixed with Water as in an Ascites not only Water but Wind also is contained and both these Dropsies have their name of that which predominateth if there be more wind than water it is a Tympany but if more water than wind an Ascites but if they be equal it is between both â—o that we may doubt whether that Dropsie be a Tympany or an Ascites The Material Cause of Wind is a crude Humor and thick whether it be Flegm or Melancholly which being stirred and made thin by heat sends forth thick vapors which are hard to be dissolved and these are called Flatus This Crude and thick Humor is partly in the Stomach and Guts but especially between the Membranes of the Midriff and Guts from whence it is more hard to be moved than from the Cavity of the parts aforesaid The 11. Aph. Sect. 6. of Hippocrates makes this very probable They who have pains and gripings about the Navel and Loyns which cannot be removed have a dry Dropsie For because the Mesentery is joyned to the Guts by the fore part and to the Loyns by the hinder part we may easily perceive that the pains which reach from the Navil to the Loyns come from the Mesentery Besides The greatness of the pain shews that the Cause is deep in the substance of the part and cannot be removed For if it were in the Cavity of the Stomach and Guts it would easily be remedied Concerning the Efficient Cause Authors differ some say from a cold some from a hot distemper They which accuse a cold distemper think they have Galen on their side who saies that wind is bred of a weak heat To whom we answer That heat may be said to be weak in respect of the Matter which cannot be discussed or dissolved thereby But this is to be imputed to the Matter which is rather defective than the Heat which is commonly too great and Preternatural And we must acknowledg with the Learned That a burnt Melanchollick Humor is most fit to breed a Tympany which proceedeth from the parching heat of the Bowels which heat doth stir that Matter and produceth from it thick vapors that are hard to be dissolved The Dropsie called Anasarca comes of a Flegmatick Humor spread through the whol Body and therefore the Body is swoln and white from whence the Disease is called Leucophlegmatia This Flegm comes from a cold Liver which instead of good Blood produceth crude and flegmatick which when it cannot be turned into the substance of the parts leaveth the crude part that is unfit for Nourishment upon them and makes them swell hence comes Anasarca or Leucophlegmatia This Disease beginning is called Cachexia or an evil Habit and turns into Leucophlegmatia from which it differs but in degree The Antecedâ—nt Causes are all things that cool the Liver too much and hinder its Concoction as too much cold and moist Diet the stopping of the Terms or Hemorrhoids Obstructions cold Tumors Scirrhus and large bleeding and other great Evacuations by which the Native heat is diminished The Signs of a Dropsie and every sort of it may be known by what hath been said In an Ascites you may know that there is water in the Abdomen by its greatness lost Swelling and broad and if you press the sides you shall easily hear a noise of Water and when the Patient turns from one side to the other and then the whol Belly lieth as it were on that side then the Feet and Cods swell but the higher part grow less the Urine is little and thick somtimes red because there goes but little water to the Reins and Bladder and staies long there by which means it becomes red and thick In the progress or encrease of the Disease there is difficulty of Breathing by reason of the abundance of water which lieth upon the Diaphragma or Midriff especially when the Patient lieth down and therefore he is forced to stand or sit most usually There is a troublesom thirst from the saltness of the Humor with which the Stomach swimmeth And lastly there is a constant lingering Feaver from the corruption of the Water which at length doth corrupt all the Bowels swimming therein In a Tympany the Belly being strook sounds like a Drum the Bulk of the Belly is less burdensom than in an Ascites There were formerly pains about the Navel and Reins when the Patient lieth with his face upwards his Belly remains hard and stretched forth nor doth it turn aside when he turneth himself Lastly In an Anasarca not only the Belly Thighs and Leggs but also the Hands Arms Breast Face and whol Body swel and wheresoever you thrust your finger upon it it will pit and leave an impression The color of the Skin is pale and Earthy the Flesh soft and loose the Water thin and white breathing difficultly and somtimes a lingering Feaver As to the Prognostick Every Dropsie is dangerous and hard to be cured and the more hard by how much the elder but Anasarca is least dangerous but Ascites and Tympany are somtimes one more dangerous than another according to their Causes So if Ascites come from a Scirrhus of the Liver or Ulcer of some internal part it is more dangerous than a Tympany but if it come of drinking too much Water or new Obstructions it is less dangerous A Dropsie is more easily cured in Servants than in Free-men in Country men than in Noble men for they will be better constrained to abstain from Drink and the like and be more patient than they who have liberty A Dropsie from the hardness of the Spleen is less dangerous than from the hardness of the Liver because the Spleen is not so Noble a part A Dropsie coming upon an acute Disease is evil nor will it abate the Feaver but cause pain and death Hipp. 2. Prognost They whose Liver being full of water discharge it into the Omentum or Caul their Belly is filled with Water and they die Hipp. Aph. 55. Sect. 7. He who hath Water between the Skin or an Anasarca if that water which is in the Veins flows into the Belly the disease is cured Hipp. Aph. 14. Sect. 6. This Aphorism seems coutrary to the former But this contrariety is answered by saying that Hippocrates in the former by Belly understood the Cavity of the Abdomen but in this Belly its self for if the water flow through the Belly the Disease is at an end Which Opinion is more clearly explained by Hippocrates in Coacis in these words In the beginning of a Dropsie if there come a flux of the belly without
Succory with a little Vinegar and giving Endive and Succory to be eaten The End of the Eleventh Book THE TWELEFTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Spleen The PREFACE ALthough the Spleen may be afflicted with all kinds of Diseases both Similary Organick and Common yet we will only speak of those which are most ordinary in practice and we will contain them in six Chapters The first shall be of the Inflamation of the Spleen The second of the Pain The third of the Obstruction and Tumor or puffing up of the Spleen The fourth of the Scirrhus or hard Tumor The fifth of Hypochondriack Melancholly The sixth of the Scurvy Chap. 1. Of the Inflamation of the Spleen THe Inflamation of the Spleen is of the same Nature with that of the Liver only it differs in this That it seldom comes from pure but from Melanchollick Blood It hath the same Causes both Conjunct and Antecedent but the Diagnosis or knowledg by signs is different The signs of the Spleen inflamed are swelling and pain in the left side under the Ribs which somtimes reacheth to the Midriff and the left Shoulder also heaviness and beating in the same side a constant Feaver loathing of Meat Thirst blackness of the Tongue trouble som lying on the right side by reason of the heavineâ—s of the part lying upon the Stomach then somtimes troublesom lying upon the left if the Tumor be great for then it is pressed both by the Stomach and the Liver somtimes the Tumor is in the shape of the Spleen somtimes it fills the whol left Hypochondrion somtimes it appears below the Navel when the matter is encreased and when the Inflamation reacheth to the parts adjacent and especially to the Navel These signs are greater or lesser according to the divers mixtures of Humors For if Choller be mixed with Melanchollick Blood the Urine is more red the Mouth bitter the Thirst greater the Feaver stronger and worse every third day great watchings and somtimes doâ—ing if it be mixed with Flegm the Color is pale the Feaver and Thirst is less and the pain less But if the Blood be only Melanchollick the hardness is greater the color is black and somtimes the Urine and there is other signs of Melancholly predominating The Prognostick is almost the same with that of the Liver inflamed but less dangerous because the Liver is the nobler Part. If it kill not the party either it ends in a Crisis or it is dissolved or suppurated or grows hard and turns into a Scirrhus A good Crisis is when the left Nostril bleeds or when there is a purging by Stool or Urine The Cure of this Disease is the same with that of the Liver only observe these Differences First You must open the left Arm in this and not so often as in the Inflamation of the Liver because the Liver being the Fountain of blood wants greater Evacuation That which is reported of the Salvatella Vein to discharge the Spleen so properly is but a conceit and is now out of use you may better take blood out of the Liver Vein called Bastica Secondly You must apply those Topicks or outward Medicines now to the left side Thirdly You must not take such care in the use of binding Medicines outwardly because the Spleen is not so noble a part and needs less strengthening Other things are to be taken out of the Cure of the Inflamation of the Liver Chap. 2. Of the Pain of the Spleen SOmtimes the Spleen is pained without Feaver or hardness and this comes from wind which doth not only stretch the substance of the Spleen which is almost insensible but the Membranes that covereth it It is easily distinguished from the Inflamation by the Feaver and hardness being absent but hardly from the Chollick because the Colon is just under and over the Spleen yet the pain of the Spleen is weighty and in one place but the pain of the Colon is stretching sharp and movable and runs about the whol Belly The Cure of this Disease is with Clysters that are Carminative or that expel wind with convenient purging and with Emollient and Discussing Fomentations mixed with Vinegar As also with Liniments made of Oyl of Lillies Chamomel Capars and Wormwood with a little Spike and Vinegar If the pain remain after the use of these apply a Cupping-glass to the left Hypochondrion if there be no suspition of the Inflamation or Defluxion Chap. 3. Of Obstruction Tumor or Puffing up of the Spleen THe Spleen is no less subject to Obstructions than the Liver but more because it receiveth thicker and fouler blood which is more easily contained in its Veins or insensible Passages by reason of the softness and loosness of the part which is more fit to receive thick Humors And when thick Humors stick in the substance of the Spleen it makes a Tumor and an Inflamation in the part And if the Humor by long continuance grow thick and hard it breeds a Scirrhus but as long as it is moist with Flegm it is like an Oedema or flegmatick Tumor which is most usual with them who live in Marshy moist places or who live upon cold Diet. But if this Tumor be soft and loose it is called simply an Inflamation or puffing up the cause whereof is partly flegm and partly wind They are commonly called Splenitick people who are thus afflicted The Causes of the Obstruction of the Spleen are the same with them of the Liver and this or that part is as it is more or less disposed to receive them Somtimes both Liver and Spleen are affected together for a gross Humor can hardly be in one part but some of it must be carried to the other The Obstruction of the Spleen is distinguished from the Obstruction of the Liver from the Scituation of the part for there is a heaviness in the left Hypochondrion and somtimes pain especially after running oâ— great walking or riding and when you handle the Hypochondrion there is a stretching and resistance Besides the Face is blewish and there are other Signs of Melancholly This Disease is stubborn and of long continuance by reason of the softness and loosness of the part which cannot therefore easily discharge the humor and if it last long and be not Cured speedily it turns into a Scirrhus The Cure is the same with that of the Obstruction of the Liver by adding some things which do more properly respect the Spleen and are fitter to prepare and purge Melancholly The Pills of Ammoniacum which follow are to be added as most excellent and to be used often Take of the best Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar of Squills one ounce the extract of Aloes half an ounce Crystal of Tartar one dram Myrrh and Saffron of each half a dram Mastich Benjamine Salt of Ash and Wormwood of each one scruple with Oxymel of Squills make a mass of Pills The Dose is half a dram twice in a Week with Purging
Symptomes appear besides these which are not found in that nor mentioned by Authors nor belong to another Disease you may conjecture that it is the Scurvy The Chief are these which are not al sound in one Patient but one of them is sufficient to shew that the Disease is such The First most remarkable Sign is in the Gums Mouth and Teeth in the Gums redness itching and putrefaction and somtimes bleeding and stink which are somtimes in the Palate Jaws and Teeth which are loose and black The Second which is an evident Sign also is Spots in the Legs which at first are Red and after Purple blue and black Somtimes there are in the Legs broad spots black or blue or both these come from the serous filthy part of the blood which is unfit to nourish the body and therefore is sent by nature out of the Veins to the Skin by the Nausiosis of the Veins as Hippocrates saies of Fractures and this happens often in the Shins and Legs because nature useth to send the worst Humors to the most ignoble and remotest parts somtimes when there is more plenty of matter you shal find them in the back arms neck and face The third sign is shortness of Breath and straightness of the Breast which comes commonly from thick vapors arising from the Hypochondria that get to the Midriff as also from Tumors and swellings by wind of those parts that press upon the Midriff especially from the Twelling of the Sweet-bread which commonly in this Disease is fulled with gross Melancholly Hence the Patients complain not of their Breast but of the part affected whereby they feel the weight and by reason whereof the Breath is short as Eugalenus noted well who was much acquainted with this Disease and many Observations therein yet he knew not the cause of this weight namely the swelling of the Sweet-bread nor doth any that write hereof make mention of it Yet we observed it in My Lord Audeyer President of the Senate of Gratianopolis whom we thought had the Scurvy as you may reade in his History at length in our Observations Cent. 3. Obs 85. For being very lean we did easily perceive with our fingers a hardness in the Sweet-bread and by handling of the part he confessed that all his shortness of Breath and straightness came from thence The fourth sign is Laziness and heavineâ—s of Body especially in the Legs which comes from watery and foul Humors which come through the Veins to the Muscles and the whol Body The fifth sign is in the Urine which is divers as in Hypochondriack Melancholly but in this they somtimes differ because they are cleer and red like a Lye from the plenty of salt Humors The redness is higher and inclining to black by how much the more salt humor there is As in a Lixivium somtimes the Urine is very thick with a red thick sediment like the Pouder of Bricks and somtimes this Humor is so much that it causeth burning and pissing by drops especially in them who have this Disease from stoppage of the Hemorrhoids and after it is setled the third or fourth part of the Urinal is filled with thick and black filth which makes some think it to be the Stone or Ulcer of the Bladder Somtimes the Urine varieth without manifest cause to day thick to morrow thin now pale then yellow or red The sixth sign is from the Pulse which is now weak and unequal leaping or formicans that you would wonder he should live with it anon it is great and hard without Inflamation And this is to be observed That in time of fainting and swooning with which he is often troubled his Pulse is greatest and strongest Which comes from the Heart contending to cast out those vapors with which it is oppressed The seventh sign is pain in divers parts in the Thighs heavy and somtimes stretching somtimes Ostokopos or at the bone somtimes in the Shins Ankles Soals of the Feet in the taps of the Fingers in the Hips Knees and other Joynts or parts to which the Salt Humors flow somtimes in the Belly like the Chollerick Chollick and it comes from these Humors flowing upon the Caul these in the Arms Thighs and Legs are like those of the Pox and may wel deceive a Physitian in France where the Scurvy is rare and the Pox common But they may be thus distinguished The pains in the Pox are between the Joynts and if they stay long make knots and there are or have been then also other Symptomes of it as running of the Reins Ulcer of the Yard Bubo and the like or Uncleanness with Women But the Scurvy pains seize upon al parts indifferently and then there are other signs of it or at least a Melanchollick Constitution and the Matter is certainly known if the Patient wil truly say that he hath not been with unclean Women Which caused our suspicion in a Magistrate who had a long time great pain in his Feet Shins and Thighs and was brought very lean â—o that you would have thought that he had the Marasmus or Consumption And when no Medicines for a long time would do him good we from his Melanchollick Complexion and other signs especially because he leâ— a â—ost chast life and because for many yeers his Gums did bleed at certain times conjectured that it was the Scurvy and by using of things against that Disease for some time he was cured Somtimes those pains remain in the Hypochondria somtimes in the Loyns so that they are weak and can scarcego Hence this Disease is called Lumbago Somtimes the pains are like the Stone and the Urine is very red or black and if you do not diligently observe you will think they are bloody and that it comes from the Reins wounded by the Stone when it is from a scurvy salt Matter in the Spleen and parts adjacent sent into the Urine Some have Head-ach and heat at nights if they caught this Disease from stoppage of the Hemorrhoids by reason of the vapors which ascend and all the night after they are as in a Feaver all over their Bodies which the next morning vanisheth by sweating They have often the Tooth-ach without any evident reason or cause and it is not in one place but movable from one Tooth to another making them loose and they again fix of their own accord the pain and tumor being discussed Somtimes the pain of the Scurvy is in the sides imitating the Pleurisie from which it is easily distinguished because it is without a Feaver at least a strong one the breath is not hindered there is no Cough no spitting nor is the pain constant but coming by fits Also it will be in the Joynts and we must declare how it is distinguished from a true Arthritis or Joynt-gout The pain of the Joynts in the Scurvy is not fixed and constant in the same place but runs from one Joynt to another either on the same or on the contrary side somtimes
full by which means they make thin and fluid that thick earthy and salt humor and at length discuss it Moreover they have a certain preservative and opposing Vertue against the poyson of the Scurvy which is in the Melanchollick Humor Among these the chief is Dutch Scurvy-grass which is not in France Another is Cresses of both sorts but the Water-cress is best Brooklime Hors-Rhadish the lesser Celandine Woâ—mwood and Fumitory To which may be added many others but of less vertue and all they are such which can prepare correct and tame the Melanchollick Humor Hence it is that we directed the Cure against Hypochondriack Melancholly to be used here Those are Carduus Ceterach all the Capillar Herbs Hysop Germander Bettony Agrimony Borrage Bugloss Elicampane Asarum Ditch Dock Polypody of the Oak Capar Ash and Tamarisk barks Flowers of Elder Tamarisk and Dodder of Time In the choyce of these Plants you must alwaies observe this That you give the least quantity of hot things and that you alwaies mix with them cold or moderate things and in a greater quantity especially in hot Countries in which Melancholly is burnt And besides the Capillar Herbs with Borrage Bugloss and Agrimony before mentioned when there is a Feaver or we fear heat you may ad Endive Succory Sorrel Juyce of Citrons Lemmons Orrenges and also Spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol or whey Of these former Plants you may make many sorts of Medicines which are all gathered by Sennertus out of all Authors which every man may imitate as he pleaseth Yet this we must mark which all Authors mention That the aforesaid Plants work more powerfully if you â—ake their Juyce or make them into Conserves because the flying salt wherein all their vertue remaineth is gone by decoction as also if the Plant be dried We have used these following forms with good success Take of câ—eer Juyces of Water-cresses and Brook-lime of each one ounce the Juyce of Fumitory two ounces white Sugar two drams Make a Potion Or Take of the Juyce of Fumitory and Water-cresses of each two ounces mix them Or Take of the Juyces of Sorrel Fumitory and Water-cresses of each two ounces Miâ— them You may give more Juyce of Sorrel if you desire to cool more or Juyce of Lemmons oâ— thâ— like The power of the Medicines will be more to dissolve that sticking clammy Tartar if you add one dram of Salt of Tartar with Spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol one scruple or half a dram and because in the use of these Medicines we purge often it is good to infuse one dram or two of Senna all night in the said Juyces and give it every other day or every third day It is worth your while to give somtimes also some steeled Medicines such as we prescribed in Hypochondriack Melancholly as also the strengthening and opening Opiates and others as in wisdom you shall think fit And last Mineral Waters that are sharp and of Vitriol used in due season are very beneficial for the Cure of this Disease The End of the Twelfth Book THE THIRTEENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Mesentery Sweet-bread and Caule The PREFACE MAny Authors are very short in the explaining of the Diseases of the Mesentery Sweet-bread and Caul and the most of them have left them out because they are hard to be known and for the most part only from Dissection of dead Bodies as appears by stories in Schenkius Sennertus and others Yet they are very ordinary and usual from whence Fernelius saith That oftentimes there are causes of many Diseases in the Mesentery as of Choller Melancholly Diarrhoea Dysentery evil Habit Consumption Faintness of lingering Feavers Vomitings Chollicks Tumors and Imposthumes And Sylvius called the Mesentery the Mother of many Diseases by others she is called the Physitians Nurse We may say the same of the Sweet-bread and Caul for they are ignoble parts and as it were sinks of the Body to which the noble Members do send their Excrements And although these parts as all other are subject to all kinds of Diseases Similary Organical and Common and many Symptomes arise from them yet we will only speak of those which are most in practice and comprehend this Book in five Chapters The first shall be of the Obstruction of the Mesentery The second of the Inflamation of the Mesentery The third of the Imposthume Scirrhus and Vlcer of the Mesentery The fourth of the Diseases of the Sweet-bread The fifth of the Diseases of the Caul Chap. 1. Of the Obstruction of the Mesentery THese Obstructions in the Mesentery come of the same Causes which are mentioned in the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen but they happen more easily and more often by reason of the straitness of the Meseraick Veins and especially of the Milky Veins which carry the Chylous Matter to the place of the second Concoction and when that Chylous Matter is filled with crude and thick juyce it comes to pass that not having a free passage it sticks in those little Veins and makes Obstructions Also the Meseraick Veins are stopped by thick Humors sent from the Liver Spleen and other parts and there continuing till they grow thicker so that somtimes they cause a Scirrhus With these Humors somtimes gross Vapors are mixed which use to be the cause of great Symptomes To the Obstruction or rather making narrow of these Veins we refer compression which comes from the Glandles which are spread through the whol substance of the Mesentery for when these grow beyond measure as in those who have the Kings Evil or Struma they compress the Meseraick Veins and hinder both the passage of the Chylus and of the Blood The Signs of these Obstructions are to be divided into three kinds as we did in the Obstructions of the Liver namely into such as shew the Disease the Part affected or the Cause The Signs of the Disease that is of the Obstructions lying in the Hypochondria and also the Signs of the Causes are the same with the Obstruction of the Liver and Spleen and are from that Chapter to be taken But those Signs which properly shew the peculiar Disease of the Mesentery are stretching and resistance in the middle of the Belly and under the Stomach and about the Navel a weight in the same parts and somtimes a dull pain and somtimes a most sharp when wind is contained in those parts somtimes there is pain in the back because the Mesentery is tied to that part there is rumbling in the Belly belching and vapors flying to the Head from whence come divers Symptomes and lastly all those which use to happen in Hypochondriack Melancholly signifie Obstruction of the Mesentery because that also proceeds and is maintained by the same Obstructions As for the Prognostick This Disease of its self is not dangerous because an ignoble part can endure great evils without danger of death moreover you may apply strong Medicines for the Cure which being well administred
of pain altogether for in an Imposthume there is alwaies some pain especially if it be pressed hard Moreover this Tumor is distinguished from the Tumor of other parts by the Scituation thereof as we said before of the Inflamation of the Mesentery But if the Imposthume lie in the Mesentery without any visible Tumor there can be no certain sign but by an artificial conjecture we may suspect namely if there be loathing of Meat or vomiting without manifest fault of the Stomach and a great fulness after little Meat weariness of the whol Body and fainting without manifest cause if the Belly be unaccustomarily bound or loose and void stinking Excrements and somtimes bloody without suspicion of a Dysentery To these you may add great watchings and if they sleep they faint and have great Sweats And though somtimes there appear neither Feaver nor pain yet there is commonly an obscure one of which if there appear no manifest cause we must conjecture that it comes from this Disease especially if any of the aforesaid signs be joyned there with as also if the Abdomen be violently pressed the Patient will perceive some inward pain it is true that by violent compression you may cause pain in sound places but if you perceive more pain in one part than in another after all parts have been pressed and when that part is alwaies most pained and the more by pressing you may strongly conjecture that the imposthume is there If at length there come forth Matter then the Imposthume will be manifest Commonly it is voided by stool of divers sorts according to the disposition of the part affected and of those adjacent Hence one while the Matter is pure and white in great plenty without sence of pain when it is sent by the Meseraick Veins into the Guts somtimes when the Imposthume is in the thick and lowest Guts the Matter is mixed with the Excreâ—ents somtimes it is sent to the Reins and cast forth by Urine somtimes being sent in great quantities between the Peritonaeum and the Muscles of the Abdomen it falls into the Cavity of the Belly by breaking of the Peritonaeum or breaks outwardly by an Imposthume so that a great quantity of Matter flows from the Navel and somtimes Worms therewith through the corruption of the Mesentery And that which sent forth by stool which is the usual is somtimes white and laudable as was said somtimes mixed with blood or water somtimes black blood and stinking somtimes other black Matter or of divers colors But whether this purulent Matter come from the Mesentery Liver Spleen or other part it is known by the proper signs of every part affected When the Imposthume is broken and the Matter floweth it is certain that there is an Ulcer in the Mesentery which somtimes is quickly cured and somtimes it is of long continuance and brings rottenness upon the whol part and a Gangrene As for the Prognostick The Imposthume of the Mesentery is dangerous for if it continue long in the part as it often happens it breeds filthy rottenness or a Gangrene or brings the Patient into a Consumption or Dropsie If it break and the Ulcer be not quickly cured but gets an evil condition it hath the like event a Gangrene Consumption or Dropsie Somtimes when the Imposthume is broken and very stinking Matter is sent into the Cavity of the Belly the Patient dies suddenly The Scirrhus or hard Tumor of the Mesentery is lest dangerous and if it be new will admit of a Cure but if it be old it brings the Patient to a Dropsie The Cure of these Diseases is to be varied according to the diversity of them And first an Imposthume bred requires opening and evacuation and it must be softened with opening and purging Medicines such as are laid down in the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen not omitting outward Softeners and Looseners Fomentations Cataplasms and Liniments which do make the Matter of the Imposthume thin and open the passages that the Matter may better be voided After the Imposthume is opened you must clense the Ulcer and heal it for which purpose the Remedies mentioned in the Cure of the Ulcers of the Stomach Liver Reins and Womb are very good of which a wise Physitian may take his choyce according to the divers dispositions both of the Bodies and the Diseases And a Scirrhus of the Mesentery is cured with the same Medicines which are set down for the Cure of the Scirrhus or hard Swelling of the Liver and Spleen Chap. 4. Of the Diseases of the Pancreas or Sweet-bread THe Ancient Anatomists knew no action of the Pancreas or Sweet-bread but the use only namely to prop the Vessels least they should be in danger of breaking and to be instead of a Pillow to the Stomach least when it is full it should be hurt by the hardness of the Vertebrae or Back-bone But the Modern Anatomists have ascribed very great action unto it namely the first preparation of the Chyle and clensing of it so that it may be brought to the Liver more pure which the milky Veins seem to confirm because they are dispersed through the Pancreas Besides in the middle of it there is an open passage which goes to the Guts by which it is probable that the Excrements of the Chyle are purged therefore the Pancreas hath its Diseases which hurt the whol Body especially Obstructions and Tumors as the Mesentery hath namely when the Chylous Matter is crude and thick and is brought to it from the Stomach not sufficiently digested and when it doth not freely flow from it Riolanus observed a Scirrhus of the Pancreas in Augustine Thuanus that wrote the History of his Times most elegantly in Latin who when he had for four yeers among other Symptomes a heaviness continually in his Stomach especially when he walked or stood still without Swelling or hardness in the Hypochondria had a Pancreas as big as his Liver after he was dead hard and Scirrhus full of knots like Pidgeons Eggs. But because the Pancreas is covered with the Stomach its Tumors are scarce to be felt and this is the cause because there is no mention commonly of them and they have been found only after death Yet you may make a handsom Conjecture of them from what Riolanus observed in Thuanus namely If there be a sence of weight or heaviness in the Stomach and no Tumor or hardness in the Hypochondria and other signs of Obstructions than are mentioned in the Obstructions of the Liver Spleen and Mesentery To which you may add pain and other Symptomes of the Stomach by reason of its neerness shortness of breath by reason of the compression of the Diaphragma By which signs we suppose that the Lord Audeyerius President of the Senate of Gratianopolis had a Scirrhus of the Pancreas and we could perceive it by touching by putting our hand deep to the sides of the Stomach about the middle because he was lean and we found a
like Clay or snot in the bottom of the Vrinal a certain sign of a great stone in the bladder But because there is nothing constant in man it is not to be admired that some that have this Disease have not this sign as when the stone is smal as we observed m Cardinal Paleotus Now the cause of this muddy Excrement hath shewed in another place So far Zechius but where he shewed the cause of it we could never find But we plainly shewed it in former Chapter when we said that this snot-like matter is the proper Excrement of the bladder distempered when it cannot concoct the great quantity of blood and superfluous humors which are sent thither and turn them into its self but turns them into that consistence like snot and this evil disposition of the bladder comes from the stone therein Let that be perused for it maketh much for the understanding of what hath been said But there still remaineth one difficulty for some have dayly flegmatick slimy matter in their Urine and yet are free from the stone in the bladder And Cardanus reports of an Augustine Monk called Leo that shewed him often so much congealed flegm in the bottom of the Chamber pot as was bigger than a Goose Egg and yet he had not the Stone To this doubt we answer That the slimy matter that comes from the bladder is to be distinguished from that which comes from other parts because that which comes from the bladder is more clammy and glutinous so that it sticks fast to the bottom of the Pot or Urinal and cannot be shaken off when the Urine is powred forth but that which is from other parts doth so cleave but comes presently forth with the Urine Experience hath taught me this which hiterto no Author ever yet observed This clamminess comes from the Nature of the Bladder which is a Membrane and apt to produce this glewiness as you may see Glew is made of Membranous Skins of Beasts This tough glutinous Matter I say comes from the evil disposition of the bladder which is caused by the stone there and we can thus prove it besides what hath been said Because we have known a Child twelve yeers old that had a stone in the Bladder and pissed continually a glutinous matter that cleaved to the bottom of the Glass And after the stone was cut forth he voided the same for a month but afterwards none at all Which cleerly shews that that Matter comes from the evil disposition of the Bladder which could not presently be cured after the Bladder was cured that matter appeared no more which shews that it came from no other part but the bladder For a Conclusion of this let us take notice That whensoever this slimy matter appears with all the aforesaid conditions there is a stone in the Bladder but when it doth not appear it doth not follow that there is no stone for it often happeneth that the stone is smooth or little and so doth not hurt the bladder and then the Urine is alwaies cleer This is a true sign that there is a stone when it appears but when it is absent it is not a sign of no stone Nor would this Objection or rather Cavil become a wise man because from our Observation before mentioned we proved that such matter might be voided by Urine and yet no stone in the bladder for it was cut forth It is sufficient that either a Stone was lately there which was the cause of this Disease and so this kind of Matter signifieth either a Stone there now or lately hath been there The last sign is by tryal with the Catheter and putting the finger into the Anus which operation must be used to take away all doubt for the most part it doth for somtimes the Stone is covered with slimy matter so that the Cutters themselves are deceived thereby But the Catheter is more uncertain than the finger by which you may not be certain of the Stones being there but of the form and bigness of it As for the Prognostick of this Disease It is alwaies painful and dangerous painful because only very smal stones can pass through the Neck of the Bladder The great ones if like flint cannot be dissolved if soft like Chalk or brittle they may be dissolved with long use of powerful Medicines which for the most part the Patients wil not stick to and therefore they are seldom cured therefore there is often cutting which how terrible it is dayly Experience wil declare because many die under the Operation Hence Hippocrates in his Oath commands his Disciples that they use it not but leave it to men of that Profession only But in Women the Operation is less dangerous because their Passage for Urine is wider and it may be done without cutting only by enlarging the part The way of Cure is the same with that of the Kidneys first Evacuation of the antecedent matter Revulsion and hindering of the breeding of it and let the Matter conjunct or the Stone it self be diminished worn away or dissolved for which there are good Medicines in the Chapter aforegoing Of which the distilled Water of Onions is most excellent by which continued twenty daies we saw a stone bigger than a Bean thrown out of the Bladder But the best Authors and Experience teach That things taken at the mouth cannot dissolve the Stone in the Bladder Hence it is that we commonly refer them to the Cutter But because there are many stories of men cured by such Medicines we wil speak of the chief that every one may try them if he please before he go to the terrible Chyrurgion Somtimes the Stone is so soft and newly congealed that it is not impossible to dissolve it but hard flinty stones cannot Horatius Augenius Tom. 2. Epist Med. Lib. 9. Epist 8. I saith he have twice seen the stone broken in the Bladder Once by chance I had the same of one Janetus a Printer at Rome in cure whom I purged that he might be cut with more safety For he had tried all the Venetian and Florentine Physitians But when nothing did him good be sent for the Priest to consult about his soul and resolved to be cut The Priest being a Jesuite and hearing his Confession and the condition of his Disease told him a Medicine of which he had made tryal in himself and others He tryed and was cured in the space of nine daies The Medicine was this Take of the Pouder of Hog-lice or Sows one dram or four scruples at the most Aqua vitae half an ounce red Pease Broth nine or ten ounces Let him take it five hours before dinner I cured one of eighteen yeers of age of a hot and dry complexion by taking away some part of the Aqua vitae and gave it him but every other day and at other daies of Bean and Strawberry Water of each five ounces with six drops of Oyl of Vitriol and one ounce of the
Stone and Gravel after Purging Revulsion and things that allay sharpness mentioned you must use those things that may gently clense as these that follow Take of Pills of Turpentine with Rhubarb one ounce give half a dram in a morning with two spoonfuls of Syrup of Scurvy-grass every other day But when he takes them not give this Pouder and Confection following Take of Liquoris two drams the four cold Seeds of each one dram Purslain and Lettice seed of each half a dram the Troches of Amber and burnt Harts-horn prepared of each one scruple Sugar as much as all the rest make a fine Pouder give one dram with Mallows Water in which Quince seeds have been infused Take of blanched Almonds and Pine seeds clensed of each half a dram Marsh-mallow seeds and Winter Cherries of each one scruple Lettice and white Poppy seeds of each half a scruple Starch and Tragacanth of each half a dram Liquoris two drams Sugar six ounces With Pellitory Water make a Confection in Morsels Take it morning and evening half an ounce Stronger Diureticks are not convenient for they wil provoke the flux And lastly Vitriol Waters are good to stop blood cool the Reins and expel stones Chap. 5. Of the Vlcer of the Reins and Bladder THe Ulcer of the Reins and Bladder comes of three Causes from an Imposthume broken after Suppuration from the sharpness of Humors such as causeth pissing of blood which being violent and continual doth ulcerate the parts or from a sharp stone that corrodeth them the last is most usual the former seldom Among the Signs the chief is voiding of Matter with Urine which lasting long doth shew that there is an Ulcer certainly in the Ureters But whether the Reins or the Bladder be affected is known by the place of pain whether it be in the Loyns or neer the Privities Moreover If Matter come from the Reins it is better concocted white thin and not stinking because the body of the Kidneys being fleshy doth better concoct besides the Matter is more abundant and more mixed with the Urine which is voided like Milk till after long standing it settle to the bottom That Matter which comes from the Bladder is little and not much mixed with the Urine not so wel concocted but crude of divers colors and stinking for that part being without blood and having little heat cannot concoct sufficiently But often pure Matter is voided without Urine from the neck of the Bladder and then there is a continual difficulty of Urine and pain in that part which is not in an Ulcer of the Reins but by fits When the Ulcer is in the Reins somtimes much Blood is voided which is hard to be stopped and somtimes pieces of flesh and matter or blood somtimes so big as they hardly pass and cause pain but from the bladder come scales or skins or bran And from an old Ulcer of the Bladder that is callous or hard there flows that snotty flegm which we spake of in the stone of the Bladder As for the Prognostick All inward Ulcers are dangerous but these most because of the constant flux of Humors to these parts for although the serous humor hath a clensing quality yet here being mixed with other qualities it doth not as in its Natural condition and if evil salt and sharp humors are mixed therewith they will make and nourish an Ulcer New Ulcers of the Reins and Bladder are curable old not They are incurable in old men somtimes incurable in yong men with much difficulty Ulcers that come from the Stone and are maintained by it cannot be cured before it be taken out The pain and Symptomes which accompany the aforesaid Ulcers cause watchings and consume the Body The Cure is by clensing drying and heating as al other For this purpose use these following First If there be a repletion or inflamation in the part affected let blood first in the Arm then in the Hand Then purge often to take away the vitious humors that flow to the part affected but with gentle things as Cassia Manna Syrup of Roses Agarick Rhubarb made into a Bolus because in a moist form being drunk they quickly go to the Ureters and encrease pain You may give this Opiate following Take of Polypody of the Oak and Liquoris of each half an ounce the four great cold seeds of each one dram Borrage and Violet flowers of each half a pugil Jujubes six pair Damask Prunes three pair smal Raisons half an ounce Senna one ounce and an half Infuse them all night in Barley Water then boyl and strain them then dissolve of Manna one ounce and an half Cassia three ounces boyl them to an Opiate adding in the end half an ounce of Rhubarb in pouder Give one ounce at a time once in a week two hours before meat Or Take of Cassia two ounces Manna one ounce and an half the Mucilage of Fleabane seeds six drams the four great cold seeds of each one dram the Juyce of Liquoris two drams With Syrup of Roses solutive make an Opiate These Opiates wil be better if you put Mercurius dulcis to them because Mercury doth clense and heal al Ulcers both internal and external Turpentine is purging and excellent in this Disease because it clenseth the Ulcer And you must give half an ounce thereof washed at once with Pouder of Liquoris But it is chiefly good when the Urine is thick Avicen commends Vomiting for this Disease Cap. de Vlcer Renum A Vomit saith he is the best way to cure an Vlcer in the Reins because it clenseth and emptieth and draweth the Humors from the part But Aetius in his Chapter de suppuratis Renibus If saith he any man will take a strong Vomit every month he will happily cure the Vlcer of the Reins or any other evil that ariseth from them Many Modern Physitians follow these some gave warm Oyl and Water one hour before meat which only Medicine being often repeated hath cured this Disease as they say But Rondeletius wil have them vomit after meat because then men vomit most easily and he gives warm Water and Oyl and anoints the Stomach with Oyl of Lillies But you must never give a Vomit but to them that are easie to vomit for otherwise it would Inflame the Ulcer After due Evacuations and Revulsions you must use Clensers The chief is Whey taken every morning in abundance or thin Hydromel six or eight ounces in a morning in ordinary drink or the Decoction of Barley and Liquoris with Sugar and give Water and Sugar for ordinary Drink You may boyl in Hydromel if you fear heat the cold Seeds Liquoris and Mallows Asses Milk doth not only clese with its Wheyie part but heal with its cheezy part but you must not give it in a Feaver or you may make this following Decoction to clense and ease pain Take of Marsh-mallow Roots half an ounce Plantane Agrimony Maiden-hair and Mallows of each one handful Mallows and
Also the Passage is stopped by the Stone by a Crude and Thick Humor by a Clod of Blood or Matter Besides The Urine may be stopt by a Tumor in some part nigh to the neck of the Bladder from the swelling of the Womb from the Excrements in the straight Gut or from the Hemorrhoids growing big Somtimes it comes from the long holding of the Water by which the Bladder is so stretched that it cannot contract it self to expel Urine by which stretching the passage is stopt and contracted Now the Bladder is filled by Urine too long detained two waies First when a sound man by urgent occasions in the Market Senate Church Banquet Running and the like holds his Urine for want of opportunity to void it which stretcheth it so that it cannot again contract it self and the pricking of the Urine is not perceived by reason of its dull sence from the distemper of the Nerves which come thither when those Nerves which are for the contracting of the Muscle are well and sound which Galen saith befel one 6. de loc aff cap. 4. when his Back bone was strained That is called a bastard Ischuria in which the Urine is stopped and the bladder empty because no Water descends into it There is a two-fold Cause why no Urine comes to the Bladder either because the Kidneys do not draw that wherof the Urin is made and send it down or because the Ureters wil not receive it therfore either the attractive or expulsive Faculty of the Reins is hurt The attractive or drawing Faculty is hurt by the Error of the Object or in its self This is from a strong distemper especially cold or from some stoppage in the Reins or in the Emulgent Veins These Obstructions proceed from the Stone thick flegm or Matter that falls down thither The obstruction of the Emulgents comes somtimes from too much blood or serous Matter a Story whereof we have in our Observations Observ I. Cent. I. By the fault of the Object the attraction of the Reins is hindered when the serum or water is spent as in burning Feavers or sent to other parts as in a Dropsie The Expulsive Faculty is hurt by the same Causes namely distemper the stone clods of blood matter or gross flegm or Inflamation The Ureters do not receive the Serum nor send it to the Bladder by reason of Inflamations or Obstruction by the Stone a clod of Blood Matter or thick flegm or by a compression from some humor in a part adjacent We must observe that both Kidneyes or Ureters are affected for the total stoppage of Urine for if one be open the Urine may pass The aforesaid Causes if they be violent may make a total Obstruction of Urine which is called Ischuria but if they be smal or remiss they make only an evacuation in part which is called a Strangury and both Diseases come from the same cause different in degrees A true Ischuria is known by the weight and enlarging of the lower part of the belly and by a Tumor in form like the bladder The Causes are known by things aforegoing or that accompany it For if it come from too great a quantity of Urine which hinders the Contraction of the Bladder the Patient wil tel you how that he forbore to piss by reason of long riding or the presence of some people of Honor and that before he never had any distemper in those parts But if he hath had a Delirium a Palsey or the like you may refer the stoppage to them The Stoppage which comes from Tumors of those or the adjacent parts or other Causes before mentioned wil be known by their proper Signs The stopping of the passage of the Bladder is known by a searing Candle put in or a Catheter which if they cannot pierce but are stopped by the way shew that there is a either stone or a Caruncle or a little Excrescens of flesh or the like in the passage And these are to be distinguished for if it be a Stone there was formerly a pain of the Reins whether it came from the Bladder or Reins If a Caruncle there was a stinking Gonorrhoea or running of the Reins or an Ulcer in the passage of the Yard that did long run And lastly If there be a Clod of Blood or Matter or Flegm you shal see some part of it come out of the Yard or it wil stick to the Catheter A Bastard Ischuria is hence known There is neither extension nor Tumor nor weight about the Privities but rather a kind of emptiness thereabout there is no desire to piss no tickling in the bladder and no Urine made there went before the signs of the Stone in the Kidneys or Ureters or of Inflamation or great fulness or much drink was taken which was not plentifully pissed forth whence the Veins might be swoln or else there is a burning Feaver or a Dropsie which signifie the revulsion and turning away of the Water or serous Matter As to the Prognostick The stoppage of Urine is very dangerous and if it continue above seven daies it is deadly for the Serum being retained in the Veins doth oppress the Liver infect the blood and runs into the whol body it brings danger of choaking and being carried to the brain produceth a Coma or kind of Lethargy The stoppage of Urine which comes from the back being wounded or by a fall or straining of the Vertebrae or back-bone is incurable If the Patient stink of Piss at his mouth or nose it is deadly If a Tenasmus or Needing follow a suppression of Urine it is death in seven daies And also if the Hiccough follow upon it The Cure of the stoppage of Urine whether it be total or partial must be by aiming at the Causes And first that supprestion which is called spurious and depends upon the Diseases of the Reins or Ureters is to be found in the Cure of the Inflamation pain or stone of the Kidneys that which comes from the fulness of the Emulgent Veins is to be cured by large bleeding and Medicines that purge Water A true Ischuria is cured by things that take away the cause and first if it come from Inflamation of the bladder or parts adjoyning you may find Medicines for it in the Cure of the Inflamation of the bladder But if it come from a stone in the neck of the bladder you must use these Remedies following First you must lay the Patient upon his Back with his Thighs lifted up and then shake him soundly to make the stone return into the Bladder And if this wil not do it use the Catheter But if the stone be in the passage of the Yard and you must labor to get it out with your fingers gently stroaking it to the end of the Yard and you must put the Yard into warm Water or Milk or the Patient into a Bath to open the Passage But if you can neither get it out nor in Practitioners say that you
let the Patient take it twice or thrice in a month The ordinary Pils mentioned in the Cure of the stoppage of the Liver are most excellent to which you may add the Medicines there mentioned of Tartar Vitriol and Steel Zacutus Lusitanus Observ 99. Lib. 2. reports of a certain Woman which had the Green-sickness ten yeers with stoppage of her Terms and could not be cured with divers opening and purging Medicines and some made of Steel that he cured her with nothing but Conserve of Mugwort given thirty daies together drinking after it the distilled Water of Savin in which Rhubarb had been a whol night insused The same Zacutus Observ 117. Lib. 3. tels of a Virgin which eating much Salt every day felinto a Diarrhoea of Choller mixed with a Consumption which he cured after general Medicines with Goats Milk steeled and cold things applied to the Liver In the greatest Obstructions an Issue made in the right or left Legg as the Liver or Spleen is affected is very good After the Obstructions are opened you must diseuss the flegm like serous humors that remain in the Veins and in the habit of the Body by sweats for which you must use the Decoction of Guajacum in cold Constitutions or of China and Sarsa in those that are hot for fifteen or twenty daies with this Caution That every fourth or fifth day you give a Purge to clense the Bowels of Humors which cannot be sent forth by sweat and which if they continue wil grow hard and putrefie and be the occasion of Feavers and other Diseases For this Purpose you may use Brimstone Baths both for drink and bathing for by the drinking thereof when the passages are first open by the Medicines aforesaid the Humor that is contained in the first and second Region of the Body is clensed and sent forth by the belly and urine and the third Region is clensed by sweating in them And lastly Copulation if it may be legally done after the use of opening Medicines is very good for thereby the Natural heat is stirred up in parts Natural by which the Vessels of the Womb are much enlarged And Experience teacheth that somtimes these Women have their Terms the first night after Marriage and that others who in good health have them before their accustomed time Chap. 2. Of the stoppage of the Terms THe Terms are said to be stopped when in a Woman ripe of Age which gives not suck and is not with Child there is a seldom smal or no evacuation of blood by the Womb which used to be every month The cause of this stoppage is either in the Womb or in its Vessels or in the blood which comes or ought to come that way Divers Diseases of the Womb may cause this Disease namely a cold Distemper and dry which thickeneth and bindeth the Body of the Womb or a hot and dry distemper by drying the part or burning up the nourishment thereof from whence come evil humors which being fastened in the part hinder the Terms from flowing Also the Organical Diseases of those parts as inflamation or scirrhus the turning of the inward mouth thereof or compression from the Tumors of the parts adjacent or the Omentum or Caul growing too thick The thickness of the Womb it self Ulcer or Scars which they leave or from the tearing of the Cotyledones or Mouths of the Vessels in a great Abortion The Vessels of the Womb do often suffer Obstruction which is the chief cause of stopping of the Terms and they come from cold and thick Humors somtimes there is a suppression of those Veins by binding of them and that is from the parts adjacent being stretched and swoln as we said in the binding or closing of the Womb. The blood offending either in quantity quality or motion may be cause of the obstruction of the Courses It offends in quantity when it is too much or too little too much when it stretcheth out the Veins so that they cannot contract themselves to expel it as in the bladder when it is too full of Urine it cannot contract it self to send it forth too little when the Body hath not blood enough to nourish it The blood offends in quality when it is thicker and more slimy of its own Nature by reason of the cold distemper of the Liver and other parts or from the mixture of thick and flegmatick or melanchollick humors from whence commonly Obstructions come The blood offends in motion when it passeth other waies as by the Nose vomiting spittle urine hemorrhoids and many other parts I saw a Maid who had a Sore in her head which opened every month and bled plentifully and we have seen many that have sent forth blood at fixed times by their Lungs and this evacuation was instead of a Menstrual flux The external Causes are cold and dry Air Northern winds often going into cold water especially in the time of their flux too little or two much meat either too thick and cold or too astringent also hot things as too much Salt and Spice by drying of the substance of the Liver and other parts and by drying up the blood by which it groweth thick and fit to stop violent exercise and watchings which do consume the blood long sleep and idleness which do weaken the Natural heat and cause Crudities too long retaining of Excrements by usual bleeding at the Nose Hemorrhoids Diarrhoea and other evacuations by vomit urine or sweat and lastly great passions of the mind anger sudden fear sorrow jealousie and the like The Knowledge of this is to be taken from the Patients relation but because it comes either from Natural or Preternatural Causes we shal lay down some distinguishing signs left the Physitian be deceived by Women that would dissemble their being with Child and left he should rashly prescribe Medicines to provoke Terms to Women with Child First If they be with Child they have commonly their Natural Complexion but others are pale and ill colored Secondly The Symptomes which Women with Child have at the first do dayly decrease but in others stoppage of the Terms by how much the longer the Terms stop by so much the more the Symptomes encrease Thirdly In Women with Child after the third Month you may perceive the Scituation and Motion of the Infant by laying your hand upon the inferior Belly in others there is a Tumor to be felt but it is oedematous or flegmatick not hard neither is it proportionable to the Womb. Fourthly If a wise Midwife touch the inward Mouth of the Womb it will not be so close shut as in women with Child but rather hard and contracted and full of pain Fiftly Women with Child are commonly merry and little disturbed but when the Terms are otherwise stopped they are sad and sorrowful The Signs of the Causes are these The faults of the Womb which use to cause stoppage of the Terms shal be laid down in the following Chapters but the greatest
a drachm Saffron one scruple With clarified Honey make all into a Pessarie which put into a warm thin rag and conveigh into the Womb but let it not abide long there for fear of inflamation Pilulae Cochiae minores brought into the form of a Pessarie doth excellently move the Courses Also injections are wont to be made into the Womb which are wont to be called Womb-Clysters for they wash away the filth which cleaves to the sides of the Womb and they open the internal Orifices of the Veins Now they are made of the Decoction of the Fomentation aforesaid â—leaving out the more sharp things or with a Decoction of fat Figs with Mugwort Penyroyal and Mercury or of the juyce of Mercury alone purified in which a little Benedicta Laxativa is dissolved For we must by no meanes use more sharp Ingredients for fear of Inflamation Yea and after the use of the aforesaid Injections which ought to be retained but an hour it will be good to Inject a Decoction of Mallows Barley and Violet leaves or a little Hydromel tempered with Whey of Goats-Milk In an old inveterate Disease Issues made in the Legs may do very much good For although Sennertus approves not of them because they rather derive from the Womb and teach the humors which were wont to flow unto the Womb to come rather that way and hinder their inclinations to the Womb Yet have they been found to do much good by the frequent experiences of Mercurialis Varandaeus and others For by those Issues the superfluous humors are continually evacuated and the Course of the humors is guided into the inferior parts And the derivation of superfluous humors from the Womb is so far from hindring the Flux of Courses to the Womb that it rather furthers the same by making the Blood more pure and more obedient to the command of Nature which with the Humors aforesaid is not drawn unto the Issues And hereunto that these Humors if they be not by these waies evacuated being retained inthe Veins they double the Obstructions and so do augment the suppression of Courses Howbeit We are of opinion that the menstrual purgations being restored to their due Course the Issues ought to be closed up that Nature may accustome her self to exclude superfluous Humors by the Womb. In the Use of the Remedies aforesaid some precepts are to be observed worthy of Note First That we must never use Medicines that move the Courses but after Universal Purgations least the Humors being plentifully carried to the Veins of the Womb should increase Obstructions or being much attenuated should reach into other parts of the Body and produce grievous Diseases As Schenkius relates in his Observations that a Physitian of Venice gave a Woman that wanted her Courses a certain Apozeme to move them not having first purged her Body of Flegm and a little after she had taken her Apozeme she fell into a Palsey Secondly That in giving such things as bring down the Courses we must begin with the gentler proceeding by little and little to such as are stronger Thirdly That Medicaments procuring the Flux of the Courses must be given in greater quantity than ordinary because their vertue is abated in their long passage from the Stomach unto the Womb. Fourthly That the Medicaments aforesaid are to be given either in the morning when the Patient is fasting or somtimes at her going into or coming out of the Bath For so the Medicine slipping into a warm and opened Body doth powerfully exercise it's strength and this it doth yet more effectually if it be given a little before the inferior Veins be opened Fifthly That Pessaries and Womb-Clysters or Injections are only to be prescribed to married Women and such as have been carnally imbraced by Men but to Virgins we must prescribe Nascalia viz. Wool dipped in the Medicament Fomentations Baths to sit in and Suffumagations Sixtly In Cholerick or Melanchollick Constitutions all hot Medicaments are to be avoided and only the gentler and milder sort are to be used and with them temperate Aperitines or openers as also moistning and softning Medicaments are to be mixed Chap. 3. Of the Immoderate Flux of the Courses WOmens monthly Courses being moderate in quantity and flowing in due season are Natural But if they exceed in quantity or come too often or stay too long They are to be accounted Immoderate and besides the intent of Nature The Causes of this Immoderate coming down of the Courses are the same which we in it's proper place have shewed do concur to Cause spitting of Blood viz. An opening of the ends of the Veins a soaking of the blood through the Coates of the Veins a forcible rending of the Veins and heir being eaten through by sharp humors all which are caused by the bloods over great abundance Heat Thinness or Sharpness By some blow fall or wound Which we have at large declared in our Speculations touching spitting of blood so that it is needless here to repeat the same Let the reader be pleased to peruse that Chapter The Signes of this Infirmity are either of the Disease it self or of it's Cause Immoderate Flux of the Courses is known by the il-bearing of the Patient decay of strength want of appetite to meat indigestion of Humors ill Habit of the whole Body colour of face like a dead Corps swelling of the Legs and other more grievous maladies caused by decay of Natural heat past away in the Blood To know the Causes observe these signes following A thin Habit of Body and softness of the Flesh with such a diet as tends to increase the wheyish and thinner parts of the Blood and especially the Blood it self appearing thin and watry in the cloaths coming from the Patient doth shew that the Blood hath soaked through the Veins That the Immoderate Flux is caused by an opening of the ends of the Veins or a breaking of their Coates is known by the Foregoing of Wounds Falls or Bruises by the use of dancings long outcries carrying unusual weights by a Person corpulent and full of Blood By some foregoing great heat extream Cold Immoderate carnal imbraces great Anger and the like The same may also happen after fore labor in Child-birth or by the unskilful handling of a Midwife after a miscarriage or after a long stoppage of the monthly Blood which makes the same being collected in too a great quantity breaks out on a sudden with violence That there is an Exulceration in the Womb whereby the Veins are eaten through appears by the Bloods dropping out by little and little with a sence of pain and sharpness and by the Bodies being replenished with salt and sharp Humors Also the blood which comes away is at first Matterish Wheyish Blackish or Yellow and afterward if the Exulceration increase some bits of the parts affected are eaten off whereupon follows a great effusion of Blood hard to be stopped Also there have proceeded such things as are wont to
in this Disease are chiefly the Brain Stomach Liver Spleen Mesentery and the Bladder which dispatch their Excrements unto such parts as are more weakly and so more disposed to receive them These Excrementitious Humors are bred in the Womb because when it is unable to digest its proper nourishment by means of the weakness of its Retentive or Concoctive Faculty the greater part of its Aliment is turned into Excrements being imperfectly digested or corrupted rather It is imperfectly digested in cold distempers of the Womb and it is corrupted in hot distempers thereof And seeing the Womb by want of Digestion is defrauded of its Nutriment it presently draws new Aliment which being turned into Excrements is by the Womb expelled as unprofitable and new Aliment is continually drawn whereby this flux of evil Humors from the Womb becomes both plentiful and continual The Womb is weakened and more disposed to the Reception of these Excrements by Child-bearing travelling in Child-birth Abortion and Contusion Inflamation Imposthumes or Ulcers The Signs of this Disease are referred to the Infirmity it self to the part affected or to the cause producing the Disease The Disease it self is easily known by relation of the sick party and it is often times attended with divers Symptomes viz. Paleness of Face want of Appetite sickness of Stomach short breathing weakness swelling of the Eyes fulness pensiveness and sadness thick Urines turbulent and many other accidents which differ according to the diversity of the Humors offending as we shall declare more distinctly by and by The part affected and the place in which these Excrementitious Humors causing the flux are bred may beknown by these following tokens If the matter of the Flux is bred in the whol Body these signs do shew it viz. Weariness and heaviness not proceeding from any work of which the Patient is eased having disburdened her self by the flux plentifully and then again when new matter is collected she begins to be weary and heavy as before her Veins are full her Feet Hands and Thighs are apt to be numbed And these signs do especially discover only a plenitude of Humors But that corrupt Humors do abound in the whol Body is known by an evil habit in the whol Body that is an ugly sickly appearance in the looks and whol outward state of the Body a puffing up of the Hands and Feet an itching and stinging in the whol Body if the Humor be sharp and many such signs as these If the matter offending reside in some peculiar part the Symptomes and Excrements proper to that part discover the same as for example A pain heat and swelling of the Liver with Chollerick Excrements do shew the Liver to be affected and the same Symptomes happening on the left side with Excrements of a Melanchollick appearance do argue the flux to spring from the Spleen Flegmatick Excrements Stomach-sickness want of Appetite and somtimes extream Appetite frequent corruption of the meat and sowr belchings or fatty as of the Dripping-pan or over-scorched flesh are sure tokens of the Stomachs faultiness Pain of the Head Froathy Excrements some usual evacuation by the mouth or nostrils being stopped do witness that flux springs from the Head If none of the aforesaid signs of some part affected appear then we may conjecture that the flux proceeds primarily from the womb Also the Woman in such a case is well colored the matter flowing is but little in quantity being the excrement of the womb alone There have preceded such causes as weaken the Womb as are hard Travel Abortion a Fall upon the Belly or Back immoderate Carnal Embraces especially if the woman have been too young married Tumors Ulcers and other Infirmities of the Womb whose signs are propounded in their proper Chapters The Humor causing the Flux is known chiefly by the colors of that which comes away which were a little before declared and which appear in the cloaths wherewith it is received if as Hippocrates teacheth in his second Book of Womens Infirmities the said cloaths being dried shall be after washed in Water alone and dried in the shadow for so they manifestly declare the color of that Humor which most abounds in the Excrements Hereunto may be added the signs of an Humor abounding in the whol Body usually delivered in that part of the Institution of Physick which treats of Signs In the last place We are to propound such Signs as distinguish this Disease from others like unto it as namely Excretion of Purulent matter proceeding from an Ulcer of the Womb and the Gonorrhoea or flux of Seed It is distinguished from purulent Matter by the signs of an Ulcer in the Womb which shall be set down in their proper Chapter as likewise because the Purulent Matter or Quittor is much thicker whitish and lesser in quantity if it be digested rightly but if it be of a goary sanious and fleshy appearance like blood and water mingled there is then blood amongst the matter and it is wont somtimes to come away with strings from the Womb and with exceeding pain also the Women that have Ulcers in the Womb or its Neck admit not of Copulation but with pain which exasperates their Disease but those which are troubled only with the Whites do willingly and patiently suffâ—r themselves to be embraced by their Husbands In the Gonorrhoea the matter which comes away is not so much in quantity is thicker of a more shining whiteness holds up longer from flowing and seldom or never stinks But if it be a virulent or venemous Gonorrhoea such as accompanies the Letchers Pocks it is known by sharpness of Urine Ulcers of the Privy parts and other Signs that argue Malignity The Predictions or Prognosticks of this Disease are as followeth This Disease in one respect may be called good in another respect bad Good forasmuch as commonly it is not attended with any danger of death and bad because it is a stubborn Disease long lasting and most exceeding hard to be cured forasmuch as the flux of evil Humors having once taken this course is very hardly turned out of its Channel because the Womb as we said before is the Draught of the whol Body whereby even in time of Health the superfluous Humors of the whol Body are monthly evacuated If this Infirmity get head it may bring many other Evils upon the Patient as Barrenness falling down of the Womb Exulceration Cachexia Dropsie and Consumption A Flux of Whites blewish bloody stinking is worse than the white pale not stinking The longer this Disease hath lasted the harder it is to cure It attends old Women to the grave for the most part because of their abounding with flegm and the weakness of their Concoctive Faculty The Cure of this Disease is to be begun by a convenient purging of the Peccant Humor And because â—legmatick and wheyish Humors do most commonly oftend such things as purge those Humors must chiefly be used and with them Purgers of Choller or
Expellers of Melancholly must be mingled according as Choller or Melancholly is adjoyned to the Humor offending An Apozeme therefore may be appointed both altering and purging for four or five daies by way of a solemn purgation alwaies remembring that to the purging Medicaments some astringent and corroborating things are to be added lest the Humors of the Body being stirred should fall more abundantly into the Womb. Touching Blood-letting it is a question whether it be convenient in this Disease or not For seeing this Flux is caused by ill Humors in the Body which by Blood-letting are drawn into the Veins and so may corrupt the Mass of Blood it seems there is in this case no place for bleeding Also since in this lingring Disease the Patients strength is much abated and the Body often brought into a Consumption it seems unsit to weaken it yet more by blood-letting and so defrauding it of its nourishment Which Controversie is thus decided That if the flux be not pure and simple but in some measure mingled with Blood and it appear reddish that then a Vein may be opened as also if the Liver be very much heated and the sharpness of Choller be joyned with the flux In other Cases especially if the flux have endured long it is better to abstain from Blood-letting Bindings of the upper parts of the Body and Cupping-glasses applied to the shoulder-blades and to the back wil be very useful to draw the Humors upward also rubbings of those parts wil be specially profitable first with finer and softer cloaths than with rougher and courser which Galen dayly practised upon the Wife of Boetius whom he cured in the space of thirteen daies as himself relates in his Book of Prognosticks dedicated to Posthumus Chap. 8. And besides the Universal Purgation already propounded ordinary Purgations are also to be administred and frequently reiterated that the superfluity of Excrements may be the better evacuated by little and little and that Nature may get a custom to void those Humors by stool which formerly had their recourse unto the Womb. To this intent Magisterial Syrups Pills and usual Opiates may be compounded suitable to the temper of the Patient and the Humors offending In this Disease caused by â—legm Mercatus commends a Syrup of the Decoction of Lignum vitae with Senna Turbith and Agarick as also the following Pills Take of the Mass of Pills of Hiera picra one dram Agarick trochiscated one dram and an half with Honey of Roses make them into Pills of which let the Patient take early in the morning six or seven every third day afterward only three of them every fift or sixt day Or for the greater Astriction as wel as purging they may be thus compounded in whatever Complexion Take Choyce Rhubarb oft-times sprinkled with the Juyce of Roses two drams Citrine colored white and black Myrobalans steeped in the Juyce of Roses of each one dram Mastich one scruple Spicknard half a scruple With Syrup of Roses make all into a Mass of Pills Let the Dose be one dram twice in a week For a Flux arising of Serosity or Wheyish Excrements Jallap is most excellent which may be thus used Take Jallap finely poudered one dram Cinnamon finely poudered half a scruple Mix them and with a draught of Chicken Broth give it the Patient in the morning A Laxative Ptisan dayly taken for a month together hath cured a stubborn Flux of Whites when nothing else could as is to be seen in our Book of Medicinal Observations Vomiting is likewise much commended in this Disease especially in such as are easie to vomit because such indigested humors as are wont to be gathered about the Stomach are hereby both evacuated and powerfully revelled or drawn back from the Womb. Among convenient Vomits Diasarum of Fernelius his Invention is commended half an ounce whereof given in Water and Honey or with one ounce of Oxymel and warm Chicken Broth twice or thrice in a month moves three or four Vomits without any trouble After sufficient Purgations sweat may be procured to expel the remnants of the Excrementitious Humor and also to cause a further Revulsion of the Humors falling into the Womb. To this intent a Decoction of Lignum vitae and Sassaphras will be good in such as are flegmatick and of China and Sarsaparilla in such as are Chollerick and Melanchollick cooling and temperate Herbs being added lest the evil Humors be more exasperated and become more sharp Or Sweat may be provoked by a Decoction of hot Herbs as Nep Calaminth Fennel Hysop Elicampane Chamomel Dill and such like the evaporation of which Herbs being artificially received upon the Patients Body will procure sweat A Bath may also be made of the same Decoction by which sweat may be provoked But in hotter Constitutions a Bath of fresh fair Water blood-warm will be sufficient in which moderate and gentle sweats only may be procured Sulphurous Baths do also powerfully cause sweat and consume the reliques of this Disease and by help of such Baths we have known some Women cured that no other means could help As touching Piss-driving Medicines it s a weighty question whether or no they are fit to be administred in this Disease For they do not only provoke Urine but the Courses likewise by heating and attenuating the Humors contained in the Veins Yet are they allowed by all Authors and by Galen himself who used them in the Cure of the Wife of Boetius And the reason is Because Piss-drivers do provoke Urine Primarily and the Courses Secondarily and as it were by accident or chance Again the Kidneys do perpetually draw Wheyish Humors unto themselves whereas the Womb does only receive them whereupon it is credible that the greatest part of such Humors will have recourse into the waies of Urine Now the Piss-driver which Galen used in the foresaid Woman is a Decoction of Asarum and Smallage in fair Water howbeit it will be better temper'd if it be made in Succhory Water A more compounded Piss-driving Broth may be thus made Take the Roots of Asarum and of Smallage of each one ounce Leaves of Calaminth and Soldanella of each one handful Elder flowers half a handful Polypody and Carthamus seeds of each half an ounce boyl all to a pint Give five ounces of the Liquor or Broth strained in the morning If you would make it purgative add a little Agarick and a little Turbith boyled with the rest in a Rag. It 's questioned whether Issues in the Legs are good for this Disease for by drawing the Humors downwards they may decrease the Flux Howbeit experience hath shewed that they do good in old Fluxes because by such passages some part of the Excrementitious Humor is voided If Chollerick and sharp Humors cause this Disease not only purgers of Choller are to be given but likewise Alteratives which cool and thicken and are moderately Astringent such as these Juleps following Take of the leaves of Succory with the
somtime it possesses the whol Head otherwhiles the forepart and then again the hinder part thereof and sometimes it is felt about the Eyes in such manner as if the Patients Eyes would leap out of her Head Now these pains are caused by the aforesaid sharp and malignant Vapors mounting into the Head and twitching as it were or grating upon these Membranous parts Also evil humors brought from the womb to the Head may cause the said pains For vitious Blood especially the more thin and wheyish part thereof ascends from the womb into the Head and being shed into the Membranous parts breâ—ds those pains VVhich pains are somtimes pricking smarting and sore as an Ulcer by reason of the sharpness of the Vapors or Humors ascending Sometimes they are stretching as it were and swelling because of the plenty and multiplicity which discend and stretch Somtimes they are pulsatory pain beating like the Pulse when the Vapors or Humors are carried thither in the Arteries or when the Arteries of some peculiar part of the Head are filled with over hot Blood The Falling-sickness springs from the womb being caused by the aforesaid sharp and malignant Vapors which being possessed with a very great Acrimony and malignity do vehemently and sharply smite the Nervous parts whereby they come to be contracted and whilst they endeavor to expel what offends them they draw themselves together and express these convulsive mocions Palpitation of the Heart is often caused by the said Vapors being carried from the womb to the Heart and provoking the expulsive faculty to the Heart Also a Pulsation is caused in the Arteries of the Back and about the short Ribs by reason of an over hot Blood carried from the womb into those Arteries and distending them whereby their Pulsation becomes greater which smiting the adjacent parts causes a feeling of the said Pulsation in them Yet somtimes such Pulsations are caused in Hypochondriacal melancholly which when we come to the Signs of this Disease we shal distinguish Divers disorders are likewise raised from the womb in the stomach liver and spleeâ— from the stomach disorders arise as appetite lost or more than is fit or desirous of absurd things or Hiccoughs Vomitings Belchings Heart-burnings al which Symptoms do spring from the aforesaid vapors sent into the stomach by the Hypogastrick and Caeliack arteries or other blind passages those vapors do stir up this variety of Symptoms according to the diversity of their Nature and the different degrees of their putrefaction and malignity For by their heat they cause want of appetite and thirst but if they be cold they hurt digestion And the coveting of absurd things as Chalk Oat-meal Smalcoles Linsey-Wolâ—ey cloth c. is caused by the malignant quality of the Humors and Vapors as we have shewed in our Discouse touching that Symptom and according to the different kind of malignity it comes to pass that the Patients appetite inclines her too long for this or that od thing as some for Coales others for Clay or Morter Salt Cinnamon Nutmegs c. And from a certain kind of malignity springs likewise the loathing of some certain meats and which is more wonderful in some hath been observed an universal loathing of al kind of Drink as Ludovicus Mercatus relates concerning a noble Gentlewoman which would not away with any Drink and of another who though she desired Drink yet did she Vomit it al up again being likewise vexed with other grievous Symptoms Where we may conjecture that the evil Humors in that Gentlewoman had attained such a kind of malignity as that is which causes Water-Fear in such as have been bitten with a Mad-dog It is notwithstanding undeniable that the diversity of parts into which these Humors and malignant Vapors are carried conduce not a little to the variety of the Symptoms For If they are carried unto the mouth of the Stomach they stir up Belchings and Vomitings if they stick to the Coates of the Stomach they induce perpetual inclinations to Vomit if they are endued with any singular Acrimony they cause Hiccoughs or pains of the Stomach which pains may also arise from the plenty of Humors weighing heavy upon and stretching the parts containing The Liver is easily offended by menstrual Blood retained and by the Veins â—lowing back thereinto hence springs the Green-sickness by reason of bad Blood flowing from the Womb into the Liver and from the Liver shed abroad into the whol Body Hence come Swellings Feavers and other Diseases very many in the whol Body and several parts thereof forasmuch as all of them are nourished by the Liver But if the vitious Blood aforesaid do flow back from the Womb unto the Spleen Swellings Stoppings and melanchollick and Hypochondriacal Diseases are wont to be raised And To conclude Women feel divers kinds of pains in their Loyns Thighs and other parts which arise from filthy Humors and Vapors conveighed from the Womb into the said parts Al which Symptoms taking rise from the Womb shal be distinguished from others which arise from other parts and are like them but produced from different causes in our following Description of the Signes of this Disease In the first place therefore Womb-sickness is known for the most part by what hath already been said of it For the fore recited Symptoms do appear therein not al in every one but some in one Patient some in another according to the differing condition of the Causes Now these Symtoms are Breathing depraved so as sometimes the Patient seems to be choaked other whiles her breathing is lessened or wholly taken away without any trouble or Sence of Suffocation Refrigeration or cooling of the whol Body and stopping or Interception of the Pulse somtimes also a taking away of Sence and motion somtimes Ravings Convulsions Swoonings Vomitings and Hiccoughs are joyned together But for a more clear Discovery of this Disease those Signs are first to be propounded which shew the Disease approaching such as have a noyse in their lower Belly first from the Navel downwards with belching or inclination to Vomit Wearinesses Yawnings and stretchings proceeding from a flatulent matter which begins to mount from the Womb into divers parts of the Body a sad Look pale Face caused by the drawing back of the Natural heat from those Parts to it's Fountains When the Disease gathers strength a sence of strangling begins to trouble the Patient as if they had swallowed some great morsel which stuck in their Throat Afterward their breathing stops and their Suffocation is increased And in conclusion al their Vital and Animal actions are depraved diminished or abolished Hence spring Ravings Convulsions and other grievous Symptoms In some the Womb is sensibly tossed and tumbled and gathered round like a Foot-bal and felt after that manner in divers parts of the lower part of the Body And when the Hysterical or Womb-Fit begins to go over a certain moisture flows out of the Water-gate their Guts rumble they lift up
Womb an heaviness in the same place and a sence of some weight bearing down especially when the sick woman stands as though the womb would fal down into the water-Gate but when they sit or lie it bears upon the streight Gut with its weight There is no Feaver nor pain wherein it differs from an Inflamation or at most there is but very little pain in an imperfect Scirrhus but in the Womb there is none If it follow an Inflamation the Feaver and pain ceases the hardness and resistence abiding If it be in the Body of the Womb it is easily discerned by handling the parts about the Share but if it be in the Neck of the womb it may be perceived by ones finger It is distinguished from a Mole by the preceding Causes and because in a Mole if the Courses flow they flow disorderly but in this Hard Swelling they keep their order and in a Mole the womans Dugs strout with Milk but in the Hard Swelling they are extenuated As for the Prognostick Signs Every Scirrhus or hard stony Swelling is very exceeding hard to cure for an extream Hardness once contracted can hardly be softened also Natural heat is so very weak in that part where there is such a Swelling that it can very hardly discuss an hard and almost stony substance A great and unvanquishable Scirrhus or stony Swelling doth at length bring the Dropsie to keep him company A Scirrhus or stony hard Swelling of the womb if it be tampered withal with over hot and moist Medicaments it turns into a Cancer The Cure of this Disease aims at two things the Antecedent Cause and the conjoyned or concomitant Cause In respect of the Antecedent Cause a Vein must be opened first in the Arms if the Disease be of no very long continuance afterward in the lower parts especially when the Patients Courses are stopt The opening of the Hemorrhoid Veins is also very profitable in this case For they do both evacuate dreggy blood and they turn the Humor from the womb because of the communion which the Veins have with the womb Purging is likewise necessary by fits repeated procured by such Medicines as purge Melancholly using first the gentler and then the stronger sort by degrees And before the Purges such things must be given as prepare the Melancholly Humor and open the narrow passages of the Excrements in the form of Apozems Juleps or Broths according to the disposition of the sick party And besides the ordinary Openers Medicines with Steel must be likewise used whereby those strongest Obstructions caused by thick and rebellious Humors in the Womb and other parts may be dissolved And that superfluous humors may be derived from the womb Issues may profitably be made in the Thighs which are to be kept open until the Patients monthly Courses which are commonly stopt in this Disease shal return unto their ordinary form in respect of time quantity and quality In respect of the conjoyned Cause Emollient and Resolving Medicaments are to be applied outwardly compounded after this manner Take the Roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each two ounces the leaves of Mallows Violets Marsh-mallows Bears-foot of each one handful Leaves of Mugwoâ—t Nep of each half a handful Seeds of Line and Fenugreek of each one ounce Flowers of Chamomel and Melilot of each a pugil Make a Decoction of all wherewith the Region of the Share and the Groins must be fomented a warm sponge being first dipped therein and then squeezâ—d out and so laid on and held to the parts aforesaid For the greater mollifying the Decoction may be made in Water and sweet Oyl or in the Broth made of a Wethers Guts There may also be added to the Decoction that it may become more powerful the Roots of Briony and wild Cucumers for we must begin with the milder and proceed to the stronger by Degrees Of the same Decoction augmenting the quantity of the Simples may a Bath be made for the Patient to sit in which is very effectual in this Case and more powerful than a Fomentation â—lso frequent Clysters and Injections into the Womb are to be made of the same Decoction whereunto the Oyls of Lillies Chamomel or sweet Almonds may be added Take of the Oyl oâ— Lillies and sweet Almonds of each three ounces Mucilage of Fenugreek seed extraâ—ted with white Wine one ounce Hens Gooses and Ducks Fat of each one ounce and an half new Butter and Hogs Grease of each two ounces Wax and Turpentine as much aâ— shal suffice Make all into an Oyntment This which follows is approved in al hard Swellings being described by Rhasis in his Seventh Book dedicated to King Almansor Take Bdellium Ammoniacum Galbanum of each equal quantities Beat them in a Morter with Oyl of Ben and of Lillies then add the Mucilages of Fenugreek Seed Lin-seed and Figs in equal quantities Make all into an Oyntment Of the same Materials adding Wax may a most effectual Plaister be made to be applied to the Region of the Womb both before and behind Or a Plaister may be applied made of Emplastrum Diachylum ireatum A Cataplasm or Pultiss may be made of what remains after the Decoction aforesaid being beaten and forced through an Hair Searce adding of the meal of Lin-seed and Fenugreek seed of each an ounce six Figs two drams of Orice Root half a dram of Saffron Hens Grease and Oyl of sweet Almonds of each a sufficient quantity Make of al a Pultiss The Bitumenous clay taken out of Brimstone Baths and such as are Bitumenous is profitably applied as a Cataplasm The Fume of the Stone called Pyrites that is the Marchasite or Fire-stone being made red hot and quenched in Vinegar is by Galen wonderfully extolled for dissolving all stony hard Swellings so that it works like a Charm In the said Vinegar Savory and Pellitory may be boyled but care must be had lest your Lapis Pyrites prove to be the Stone called Plumbarius or the Lead-stone which would do very much hurt Finally All the Medicines as wel internal as external which were before described in our Cure of the hard Swellings of the Liver and Spleen may also be useful in this case Yet must theâ—e â—edicaments in the whol course of the Cure be moderated and accommodated with the greatest judgment and discretion imaginable left the hard Swelling become harder or which is much worâ—e degenerate into a Cancer Which al Practitioners fear when Medicaments are unwarily administred for a long time together so that it is better somtimes to pause and give or apply nothing that we may mark what good is done by the former applications For it is vain striving when the Swelling having lost al sence of feeling hath put on the Nature of a stone Chap. 10. Of a Cancer of the Womb. A Cancer is a hard Swelling of the Body or Neck of the Womb which resists the touch and causeth a most vehement pain as it were pricking and cutting the part affected
Child a Mole or an After-birth for then according to Galen in his Third Book of Natural Faculties the same thing betides the womb which is wont to happen to two wrastlers who endeavor to throw one the other upon the ground till both fall together Hereunto add frequent setting of Cupping-Glasses upon the Thighs and very vehement agitation of Body or of Mind Relaxation or slackening of the Ligaments is caused likewise by divers causes as by a long-lasting Catarth divers Crudities which are cast out into the womb as the sink of the whol Body Whence it is that women long troubled with the Whites can scarce avoid this Disease especially elderly women which are most of all troubled therewith Add hereunto external causes as over-frequent bathing especially in cold water Southern and moist Air especially being received into the womb after Child birth moist Diet much drinking Idleness long sleep and all other causes which may decrease flegm and cause its flux into the womb The Signs whereby to know this Disease are evident to the sence For the womb is found sticking in the Water-gate like an Hens or Gooses Egg or like a Clew of Thrid with the perceivance of a weight pressing upon the Water-Gate when the Patient stands upright And while they sit or go to stool a vehement pain is felt about the privy Parts and the Region of O sacrum or the Hanch-bone If it hang far out the greater pain and heat is felt the urine comes away by little and little and makes the womb smart as it passeth The Causes procuring this Falling-down of the womb may be thus distinguished If it proceed from loosness or slackness of the Ligaments it comes by little and little hath the less pain and white Purgations have preceded or other Causes moistening the womb and relaxing the Ligaments thereof But if it proceed from a breaking of the Ligaments the pain is more vehement and blood somtimes breaks forth and such Causes have preceded which have been able to break with violence the Ligaments As for the Prognosticks belonging to this Disease The Disease of it self is not dangerous yet is it very unhandsom and troublesom hindering the Patient from freedom to go and walk at will also from Conception and convenient expurgation of her Courses Yet may it somtimes occasion death if pains Feavers convulsions or other grievous Symptomes be joyned therewith Also the womb in this Case is somtimes corrupted through distemper of the Air or by violent impulsion and becomes Gangraenated which necessitates it to be cut off The Disease being fresh and the womb coming not far out is more easily cured than when it is an old Infirmity and the womb comes far out In yonger women the womb is more easily restored to its place than in Elderly women Falling down of the womb by reason of the Ligaments being broken is incurable To come to the Cure The womb is to be thrust back into its Natural place and to be detained there and the fault of its Bands or Ligaments must be corrected If they be broken by things that do glue and sodder together if they be relaxed or slackened with things drying aftringent and strengthening All which may be done by the following Medicaments In the first place therefore That the womb may more easily be restored to its place the Guts and Bladder must be disburdened left pressing the Neck of the womb they should hinder its reduction forasmuch as the neck of the womb rests upon the streight Gut and the bladder rests upon the neck of the womb VVhen the Gutts and Bladder are discharged of their Excrements let the woman lie along upon her Back with her thighs wide asunder and her knees drawn upwards and let her with her hands thrust her womb inwards and force it still upwards into the neck so as to turn it inwards as it goes till all is returned within the cavity of the Belly which should contain the womb Or if she is not able to do it her self let her do it by help of the midwife or use a thick blunt ended stick with Cloaths wrapt about it by which it may be forced further into the Cavity of the Belly than is possible by the hands to drive it Or for fear of hurting her Body a Pessary may be made of Linnen Cloth often doubled and rowled together with a string tied fast thereunto and accommodated to this service of thrusting up of the womb But if the womb fallen from its place shall swell so that it cannot enter into the cavity of the Belly the swelling must in the first place be removed And if there be an inflamation such things must be applyed as are sit to heal the same If otherwise it be blown up such things must be used as will discuss the inflation Rodericus a Castro washes the swollen womb with a Decoction of Beets and then sprinkles it with vineger and salt and so when the swelling is aborted he reduceth the same The same Rodericus a Castro writes that it is very good towards restoring the fallen womb for a Physitian or a Chyrurgion to come with burning red hot Iron in his hand and to make as if he would thrust it into the womb by that means nature contracts her self and the womb with her and any other part that sticks out of the Body For he relates that a certain very expert Chyrurgion did by this stratagem force Back a mans Gutts that were ready to come out at a wound in his belly when other remedies did no good For holding a great red hot Iron in his hand the Patient looking on he made as if he would Clap it upon the wound VVith the sudden fright whereof the Gutts were presently drawn back into their place Avenzoar in his Second Theizir Tract 5 Chap. 4. Propounds some such thing as this When this disease saith he begins first to appear the Physitian may gently cure the same And it is reduced all these wayes viz. by your hand If you please and if not make her he on her Back and let some Body sit upon her brest and another upon her thighes and then cause her to be frighted putting some creeping Vermin upon her Leggs such as Mice Efts frogs and such like by which let her be so frighred as to endeavour to get away by drawing her Leggs and thighs up to her whereby all her Members and her whol Body may at once be contracted by which meanes the Womb will return unto its own place Zacutus Lusitanus following Avenzoar relates the following story in the 66 observation of his Second Book Coming to a woman saies he Which had her Womb fallen down the space of a year an half with extream hardness it seemed very hard by reason of its stretching out to be reduced to its place especially seeing Avenzoar saies that this work must be done before the Womb be grown hard I devised many remedies for this disease astringent Insessions Pessaries
are joyned with over hot women over cold men with over cold women for those distemperatures can procure no mediocrity in the Seeds and other causes necessary to Generation Some fly likewise to occult or hidden qualities which make the Sperms to agree or disagree though no excess of the first qualities can be discerned To these Authors add an hidden kind of Disposition which makes some women barren though no manifest cause of such Barrenness appear in them The Signs of Barrenness we will run over according to these four sorts of Causes propounded And in the first place Causes hindering Reception of Seed are not hard to be discovered being evident to our very Sences For tenderness of Age is easily observed and so is an over elderly state of yeers and the evil constitution of those parts which border upon the womb as when women halt have crooked wreathen Legs have their Crupper-bone deprest or are over fat as for the cold distemper of the womb we shall treat of that in our third Rank of Causes Hatred between Man and Wife is known by relation of themselves or of those that live with them Also the particular Diseases hindering the reception of Seed as Tumors Ulcers Obstructions Astrictions shuttings up Distorsions may be known through search of the Genital Parts made by a Midwife or Chyrurgion Of the Causes hindering the retention of Seed which make the second Rank we shall treat of over great moisture among those of the third Rank as for Abortion and hard Travel they are known by the womans relation The Causes of the third Rank viz. Which have power to corrupt the Seed to require more exquisite signs to know them by which we shall prosecute as followeth A Cold Distemper of the Womb is hereby known In that the Woman longs not after Carnal Embracements and feels little pleasure therein her Face is soft whitish and cloudy her feeling is dull about her Share Loyns and Thighs she voids thin and crude Sperm and with little pleasure her Courses are suppressed or they come every sparingly and keep no constant orderly time and they are pale and discolored Add hereunto Diet preceding of a cooling Nature consisting of a long use of Fruits and Herbs with much drinking of cold smal Drink A moist distemper of the womb is known by the lax and slap flaggy soft habit of the womans body her much sitting frequent and almost continual flux of Whites plenty of Courses thin and watry no appetite to fleshly Conjunctions heaviness of her Loyns aptness to miscarry plenty of Urine and a moist Diet. An hot Distemper is known by the manly and strong habit of the womans Body such as is seen in Viragoes and Amazones by a ruddy countenance black hair of the Head and Eye-brows a strong and manly voyce she is frequently disposed to be angry over prompt to all kind of actions heâ— thirst cannot be satisfied her Urine is yellow her Courses few their color is a dark red their heat and acrimony so great that oftentimes they exulcerate the secret Passages their Privities itch and they are prone to carnal Embracements they are quick and suddain in the voiding of their Seed they have frequent Polâ—â—tions and lustful Dreams A dry distemper of the womb is known by the smal quantity of Courses driness itching and choppings of the Mouth of the Womb little excretion of Sperm in the Genial Embracement trouble arising from over much carnal Conjunction and Leanness If the Seed be corrupted and Barrenness caused by Witch-craft all other signs will be absent which are wont to declare the Natural and manifest causes of Barrenness There will be likewise some alienation of minds between the married Couple of which neither of them can give any handsom account yea and somtimes they can both of them but seldom shoot forth their Seed and that with Labor and Difficulty Diet or poysons that extinguish Seed if they have been taken in we shall come to knowledg thereof by diligent questioning of the woman and those that are about her And lastly Malignant Diseases such as are of power to extinguish the Sperm as Leprous Manginess the Whores-Pox and such like are known by their proper signs The fourth Cause of Barrenness which consists in defect or badness of the Menstrual blood is known first by the over great fatness of the whol Body to the nutriment whereof the blood is carryed away and consumed and is not allowed for the nutriment of the child in the womb The same is likewise known by great Leanness of the Body and extream slenderness â—â—r when there is not blood enough to nourish the Body it can hardly superabound to nourish the Conception And in a word All such things as consume and much diminish the blood if they have preceded or be at present in the Patient they signifie want of blood in her body such as are extream labors and pains-taking immâ—derate sitting up and watching austere fastings large bleedings at nose or elsewhere 〈◊〉 or chronical Feavers Fistulous Ulcers and Issues that run much 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 over great quantity of blood doth hinder the nourishment of the Seed and of the 〈◊〉 for the Seed is oppressed with so great plenty and cannot exerciâ—e its formative faculty which is 〈◊〉 to happen in full bodyed and ruddy women such as live a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and delight â—n Feasting 〈◊〉 wombs are alwaies bedabled with a continual moisture Now the 〈…〉 on of the womans blood may be known by the ill habit of her Pody the color of her 〈…〉 her strange dispositions together with an ill diet foregoing The 〈…〉 and the Wiâ—es Seed is hardly known but if both of them be of a very hot or a very hot 〈◊〉 Constitution we may conjecture That the disproportion 〈◊〉 from those distempers 〈◊〉 more manifest causes of Barrenness do not appear It is yet harder 〈…〉 hat kind of Barrenness which depends of a certain hidden disposition no manifest 〈◊〉 thereof appearing Yet many Experiments are related by Authors whereby to know whether a Woman be â—â—turally Barren which though they carry no great certainty with them yet are Physitians 〈…〉 somtimes to make use of them in favor of Princes and Nobles who are permitted to divorce their Wives in case of Barrenness Hippocrates in â—phor 59. Sect. 5. saith If a Woman conceive not and thou wouldest know whether she shall conceive or not cover her with blankets and burn some perfume under her and if the smell proceed through her Body up to her Nostrils and Mouth know that she of her self is not Barren The same Hippocrates supposeth that it may be known whether a woman be fruitful or not by putting a head of scraped and peeled Garlick into her Womb for if the next day the smel shall come into her mouth she is apt to conceive if not she is barren Or put Galbanum softened at the fire and enclosed in Silk into the womans womb at night and bind her whol head
one foot or when it endeavors to come forth doubled with its breech or its belly foremost In regard of the Childs Adjuncts or certain things belonging to the Child difficulty of Travail happens when those membranes which enclose the Child are more thin than ordinary so that they come to break sooner than they should whence followed an over quick effusion of the waters conteined therein whereupon the mouth of the Womb remaines dry at the time of the exclusion of the Infant or where the foresaid Membranes are more thick and compact than ordinary by which means the Child is hardly able to breake them External Causes depend upon things necessary and things contingent the things necessary are such as Physitians commonly call res non naturales things not natural So a cold and dry air and the Northern-wind are very hurtfull to women in travail because they straiten the whol Body drive the Blood and spirits inwards and prove very destructive to the Infant coming forth of so warm a place as the Womb. Also air more hot than ordinary dissipates the spirits and exhausts the strength both of Mother and Child easily introduceing a feaverish Inflammation into a Body replenished with ill humors and exagitated Meates raw and hard to digest or of an astringent quality taken in a large Quantity before the time of travail may render the same laborious the stomach being weakened and the common passages stopped which in this case ought to be very free and open Sleepyness and Sottishess do slacken the endeavours both of the Mother and the Child and shew nature to be weak Unseasonable stirring of the woman doth much delay the Birth of the Child whenas she refuses to stand to walk lie down or to sit upon the Midwifes stoole as need shall require or when she is unduely agitated to and fro whence it comes to pass that the Child cannot lâ—â—ue in a sitting posture or looses the good posture it had by reason of the Mothers undue and disorderly moveing her self The retention of Excrements at the time of Travail as of Urin distending the Bladder of hard excrements in the streight Gutt and hemorrhoids much Swelled do straiten the neck of the Womb and divert nature from her endeavour of expelling the Child And in a word vehement Passions of mind as Fear Sadness Anger may very much encrease the difficulty of Child birth To things contingent are referred Blowes Falls wounds which may very much hinder the Birth hereunto likewise appertain the parties assistant in time of travail to help the labouring woman viz. strong women and maid servants which may lift her up and support her when she is in her labours and especially an expert Midwife which ought to mannage the whol Business For if the Midwife err in her office it is wont to cause difficulty of Birth For sometimes the Midwises do over soon exhort the Childing woman to hold their breath and to strain themselves to exclude their Child while the bands which fasten the Child to the Womb are as yet unloosed by which means the strength of the woman is wasted before hand which should have bin reserved to the just time of her travail Yea and the truth is while the Midwifes do oversoon perswade the Childing women that the time of their travail is at hand they bend all their strength to exclude the Child and oftentimes violently break those bands with which the Child is fastened and cast themselves into no small Jeopardy Hard Travail is known both by the Childing woman and by the Assistants but especially by the Midwife And in the first place if the woman continue a longer time than ordinary in her Labors as two three four or more daies whereas a truly natural Child-birth ought to be accomplished within the space of 24. Houres Again it is a Sign of an hard Labor if the womans paines be weak and are long before they return and if her paines are more about her Back than Privities And the Causes of hard travail are known by relation of the Childing woman and are for the most part evidently to be seen So the weakness of the woman her over leanness or over fatness is perceived by the habit of her Body Diseases of the Womb are known by their proper Signes The Childs weakness is known by its weak and slow moving it self But the Signes of a dead Child shall be declared in the next Chapter The greatness of the Child may be gathered from the stature of the Parents especially when a big-Bodyed man is matched with a little woman But when there are none of these Signes and the woman labours stoutly and the Child stirrs and makes its way sufficiently and yet the travail is hard and painful it is a token that the secundine or After-birth is stronger than ordinary and can hardly be broken which conjecture is more probable if no water or moisture come from the woman dureing her Labors The disorderly posture of the Child is perceived by the Midwife and the other Causes are visible to the Eye as we said before As for the Prognostick Hard-Travail is of it self dangerous in which sometimes the Mother sometimes the Child and sometimes both do loose their lives If a woman be four daies in Labor it s hardly possible the Child should live Sleepy diseases and convulsions which befall a woman in Travail are for the most part deadly Sneezing which befalls a woman in sore Travail is good Out of Hippocrates in his Aphorismes To cure difficulty in Child-birth first all causes which may delay the birth are as much as may be to be removed And afterwards such Medicines as further the Birth are Methodically to be administred And in the first place it is common among the women to give a groaning wife a spoonfull or two of Cinnamon Water Or Cinnamon it self in Pouder with a little Saffron may be given or half a dram of Consectio Alkermes may be drunk in a little Broath Also Saffron alone being given ten graines in every Mess of Broath the woman takes or every hour being taken in a little Wine is very good Or. Take Oyl of sweet Almonds and White Wine of each two ounces Saffron and Cinnamon of eath twelve graines Confectio Alkermes half a dram Syrup of Maiden Hair one ounce and an half Mix all and make thereof a potion If this shall not suffice but that stronger things must be used the following potion wil be most effectual which I have had frequent experience of Take Dictamnus Cretensis both the Birthworts and Trochiscs or Cakes of Myrrh of each half asc uple Saffron and Cinnamon of each twelve grains Confectio Alkermes half a dram Cinnamon Water half an ounce Orange-flower and Mugwort Water of each an ounce and an half Make all into a potion Among the more effectual sort of Medicaments are numbred Oyl of Amber Oyl of Cinnamon and extract of Saffron which do in a little quantity work â—â—ch viz. Extract of Saffron
Bay-leaves Calaminth Carrot seed Cummin and Caraway Seeds Flowers of Cheiri and Chamomel in Water white Wine or Milk Or the following Cataplasm may be applied Take three or four Onions well boyled in Water beat them in a Morter and put thereto Seeds of Line and Cummin beaten of each one handful As much Chamomel flowers Barley Meal as much as shall suffice to make all into a Pultiss And if need be add a little of the Water wherein the Onions were boyled Spread it upon a Cloth and apply it warm to her Navel It is likewise profitable to apply the Skin of a weather newly flead off while it is warm to her Belly For this kind of warmth is very neer of kin to our Natural heat concocts and mitigates the cause of the pain also it hinders the Skin of the Belly from gathering into wrinkles These following Medicines may be given inwardly Take Carrot Seeds poudered one dram white Wine three ounces Mix them Give it warm twice a day Or Take Nutmeg Annis seed Cinnamon of each one scruple mix them into a Pouder to be taken in white Wine or give one scruple of Oyl of Nutmegs in Broth. Or Take Date and Peach Kernels of each half a dram Nutmegs four scruples Pouder of Diamargaritum Calidum two drams Annis seed one dram Cinnamon two scruples Saffron ten grains Sugar the weight of all the rest Make all into a most fine Pouder whereof give two drams in Wine twice or thrice a day if the pains are much Forestus gave a Decoction of Chamomel flowers in Beer or a Decoction of Mugwort and Chamomel in Puller Broth with good â—ucceâ—s It 's good presently after the is brought to bed to give her the Broth of an old Cock three daies together earâ—y in a morning while she is fasting with a little Cinnamon and Saffron The following Pouder taked presently after the delivery of a woman doth wonderfully preserve her from Gripings insomuch that it is thought If it be given a woman after her first Childing she wil never after in her following Lyings-In be troubled with these Gripes Take the greater Comfry Root dried one dram Peach Kernels and Nutmeg of each two scruples Amber half a dram Amber-greece half a scruple Make all into a Pouder of which let her take one dram in white Wine or if she be Feaverish in Broth. For her ordinary Drink let her use a Decoction of Mugwort with Cinnamon If the Gripings be caused by Chollerick and sharp humors they are cured much after the same manner that the Chollick is cured when it proceeds from Choller As for Example Take Syrup of Vioâ—â—ts and Borrage of each one ounce Mucilage of Quince seeds drawn out with Violet Water half an ounce Water of Borrage and Scorzonera of each three ounces Mix all make thereof a Julep for two Doses Or Take Oyl of sweet Almonds two ounces Syrup of Violets an ounce Borrage Water half an ounce Mix all for a draught External Medicines must likewise be used such as are laxative and emollient which do likewise by one and the same labor ease pain Oftentimes after they are brought to bed women are pained in their Groyn by reason of their wombs being gathered together like a ball in their Groyn It is cured by applying to their Navel a Plaister of Galbanum and Anafoetida in the midst whereof some grains of Musk must be put Chap. 24. Of Acute Diseases of Women in Child-bed WHat we said before touching the Acute Diseases of women with Child we may now repeat touching the Acute Diseases of women in Child-bed viz. That they have the same Essence and the same Signs with the like Diseases in women which are not with Child and in men So that we shal refer the Reader for the Theory of these Diseases to their proper Chapters Now these Acute Diseases are for the most part continual Feavers both Essential as Synchus putrida a continual Tertian and the rest and also Symptomatical which accompany inward Inflamations as the Pleurisie Inflamation of the Lungs Inflamation of the Liver Phrenzy and such like Yet there is a peculiar sort of Feaver which besals almost al women in Child-bed which is called by them the Feaver of their Milk which is wont to befal them about the third or fourth day after they are brought to bed when their Milk begins to encrease in their Breasts and it ariseth from the reflux of the blood from the womb to the Dugs and the motion and agitation thereof Which kind of Feaver is reckoned among the Diary Feavers of the longest durance neither needs it any Medicines because within three or four daies viz. about the ninth after her delivery it is finished by sweat It is distinguished from putrid Feavers because commonly it seizes the woman about the fourth day after her being delivered and her Dugs begin to be filled with Milk and to be troubled with hardness pain and heat with heat and heaviness in her Back and Shoulders also her Child-bed Purgations slow duly which seldom is seen in putrid Feavers Now putrid Feavers do befal women in Child-bed from three causes viz. Suppression of their Child-bed Purgations or diminishing by the heaping together of bad Humors during the time of their Belly-bearing which were agitated by her Labors or by Errors in their Diet. Some add immoderate flux of the Child-bed Purga ions which is rather a sign of the secret badness of Humors causing the Feaver but cannot be it self any cause thereof In suppression of the Child-bed Purgations the blood and vitious humors which are collected during the whol time of her going with child do flow back again into the greater Veins and there putrefie and somtimes are câ—rrâ—ed to the Liver Spleen and other parts in which they raise Inflamations or if they abide in the Veins of the womb they putrefie and so cause a Feaver in those women which were before in perfect health But if the Child-bed Purgations duly flowing a feaver arise it comes either from superfluity of Choller or from errors in Diet. Evil Humors agitated by the Labors and Pains of Travel do easily inflame and putrefie and stir up a feaver Errors of Diet may happen divers waies And first in point of eating in which women that he In are wont to be very faulty stopping themselves with plenty and variety of Dishes which cannot be by them digested but causeth putrefaction in their Bodies Another error is committed when Childing women do unadvisedly expose themselves unto the cold Air especially while their Milk-feaver is in its vigor which is wont to be terminated by sweating and transpiration which is hindered by heedless admission of the cold Air whence it comes to pass that the Feaver which of it self was void of danger and would in a few daies have ceased is changed into a dangerous putrid Feaver There is yet another frequent Cause of the Feavers of Childing Women viz. When the After-births are not wholly cast forth but some
nay do very much harm which the common sort of Practitioners find by experience who being deluded with the likeness of a true Cararrh and wearied with the stubbornness of the Disease do flie to Sudorosicks by which the Disease is doubled and the Pains encreased But in the Declination after due Purgations no Feavers being present they may do much good and they may be made of a Decoction of China or Salsa-Parilla or sweat may be procured in a Laconick Bath with spirit of Wine or some appropriate Decoction After sufficient Evacuations yea rather while they are celebrated we must be careful to strengthen the whol body and the principal Parts thereof which Indication Galen in 1. of the Difference of Feavers Chap. 6. where he expounds the Nature of this Disease saies is to be preferred before all others in these words Justly therefore the aim of a Physitian in cureing these kind of Patients is not Evacuation but Roboration of the whol Body Which is not so to be understood as if no Evacuation were fit in these Cases for the same Galen begins the Cure of this Disease by Blood-let-ting but that we must make more and more often use of strengthened and less and seldomer use of Evacuations Yet sure enough it is that the Parts cannot be strengthened unless the superfluity of Excrements by which they are burthened be purged out Now these strengtheners we speak of must be of a cooling Virtue seeing as was said the over hot distemper of the Liver gives beginning to this Disease There is great plenty of such Medicaments in Authours Of these I shall propound four which I account most effectuall and least ingrateful to the Patient The first is the Tincture of Coralls two ounces of which the sick may take in a morning two houres before Meat every day on which no other Medicaments are administred But because the Tincture of Coralls cannot long be kept it is reduced into a Syrup for longer keeping with Sugar of which two spoonfulls may be taken in the morning but the Efficacy thereof is much less than of the simple Tincture The second is the Conserve of the fruit which grows upon the Rose-bâ—â—ar or the Eglantine Briar which is most pleasing to the taste cooles the Liver and by a gentle a â—riction corroborates the same The Patient may take thereof the Quantity of a Chestnut morning and evening The third is the Electuary of Triasantalon with a four-fold proportion of Rhubarb made into Lozenges two drams whereof the Patient may take every day and drink a little ordinary drink thereupon The fourth is A Tincture of Roses a Cup whereof the Patient must drink once twice thrice a day far form Meals It is thus made Take Red Rose Leaves dried one ounce Water Blood Warm three Pints spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol one dram and an half infuse them six hours To the stramed Liquor ad white Sugar half a pound keep it in a Glass for Vse The foresaid Remedies or some of them must be used in Course one after another least Nature be too much accustomed to one and so the less altered thereby When the Disease is Cured the Patient must be cautious for a time least new matter being collected a Relapse should happen The Prevention therefore hereof wil chiefely consist in a state or periodical Purgation to be iterated once or twice every month which may fitly be done by this Magisterial Syrup following which will do more good by altering and strengthening the Liver than by purging Take Juyces newly prest and cleared by settling out of Endive Cichory Egrimony Fumitory Hopps and Bugloss three pints Juyce of Apples that are Odoriferous as Permaines and Pipins two pints Senna six drams Epithimum two ounces Rhubarb elect and Agarick newly trochiscated of each one ounce Mace and Cloves of each half a dram Infuse and Boyl all according to Art till there remain fifteen ounces of the Liquor wherein dissolve of white Sugar the same Quantity and make a Syrap perfectly boyled Of with let the Patient take two ounces once or twice in a month with Chick or Veal Broth qualified with the Leaves of Borrage and Cetrach and Agrimony Allo spring and fal'twil be good to open a Vein Furthermore to temper the fervency of the Liver a Bath of Luke-warm Water will be good which must be frequently repeated the whol Summer through or for more Conveniency a Tub to sit in may suffice To the same intent Conserve of Bramble-Rose or Eglantine Rose-Berries will be good or an Electuary of the same virtue and Lozenges made of the Species Diatrion Santalon being frequently used Hereunto must be added a good Diet of Meats affording good Juyce and easily digested as Partridges Capons Chickens and Pullets especially broths and the Juyces of flesh pressed forth and such like all which must be taken in no great Quantity that they may be more easily digested The End of the Sixteenth Book THE SEVENTEENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of FEAVERS The PREFACE WE find by many Authors great Volumns written touching the Theory and Cure of Feavers in which innumerable Controversies and difficult Disputations are handled Which as they are in the Schools very useful yea and necessary so are they tedious to most Physitians who having left the Vniversities do give themselves unto the Practice of Physick For they desire a short and cleer Explication of the Theory of Diseases which may suffice to declare their Nature Causes and Signs both Diagnostick and Prognostick with their right Method of Curing which is the only thing they regard It being my endeavor in this whol Work to satisfie their Desires I have banished all Controversies briefly expounding the decision of Questions only which seem most nicessary for a Practitioner This we have likewise done in our Doctrine of Feavers and letting pass all tedious Controversies which are continually handled in the Schools usque ad Nauseam we have declared only such things as principally regard Practice And this Book for better Methods sake I have distributed into three Sections following that General Division of Feavers into Simple Putrid and Pestilential So that the first Section of this Book shall treat of Simple Feavers The second of Putrid And the third of Pestilential SECT I. Of Simple Feavers The PREFACE THat which we call a Simple Feaver is subdivided into three sorts of which one is called Ephemera another Synochus simplex or Imputris and another Hectica And therefore we shall divide this Section into three Chapters The first of Febris Ephemera The second of Synochus simplex The third of Febris Hectica Wherein we shall declare their Nature and Cure Chap. 1. Of the Feaver Ephemera THis Feaver is commonly bred of external Causes and of vehement Motions of Body and Mind as Anger Cares Labor Pain Watching and Fasting by which the Spirits are inflamed also by Sleep and Sorrow by which the hot Humors and Vapors are kept within the Body Also by being
larger Housleek and Camphire or Vnguentum Populeon or Oyl of Roses Lillies and Poppies or with an Epithem made of Plantane Water Rose Water Vinegar of Roses and Camphire or with a Mixture of Rose Water Oyl of Roses and Vinegar all which are to be applied actually cold in the Summer and a little less than blood-warm at other Seasons of the Yeer Disquietness and tumblings and tossings which are wont to happen in the Feaver Assodes and in the Fits of a Tertian Ague are best cured by purging away the Chollerick Humor which vexes and frets upon the Stomach and other sensible parts and that by Vomit or Stool according as Nature seems more or less to affect the one or other way also it may be drawn downwards by Clysters and presently all Art is to be used to make the Patient rest and cold Drink is given as also cooling Juleps whereunto somtimes Syrup of Poppies or a little Laudanum may profitably be added Swooning Fits are wont to happen in those kind of Feavers which are commonly called Febres Syncopales or Swooning Feavers of which there are two kinds as was said before and the one is called Minuta the other Humorosa The Cure of which Feavers much differing from the Cure of other Putrid Feavers we have reserved unto this place in regard of the said Symptome of Swooning The Minuta Syncopalis which is bred of Chollerick Humors sharp and venemous must be cured after this manner Let the Air be cold and moist and a little astringent that dissipation of the substance of the Body may be thereby prevented Let the Patients Diet be thin cooling and restorative of the Broth of Chickens boyled with Sorrel Purslain c. To which may be added Rose-water Juyce of Pomegranates and a little Sugar Bread steeped in the Juyce of Pomegranates or of Oranges may be given if a more liberal Diet is to be granted as also Cream of Barley or Panada's with Juyce of Lemmons or Pomegranates Also Restorative Broths of pressed Flesh with the foresaid Juyces To the stronger sort are given the Yolks of Eggs with Juyce of sowr Grapes the Stones of Cocks the Flesh of Pullets Hens Partridges qualified with the aforesaid Juyces Let the Patients drink with their Meat if they have no Inflamation of any bowel thin Wine not very old nor yet new and windy or Beer that is indifferent strong not new or very stale When they eat not or otherwise if there be Inflamation let their Drink be Barley Water or Water in which a piece of a Loaf hath been boyled with Syrup of Pomegranates Lemmons Citrons Julep of Roses c. Sleep is good out of the Paroxysm but in the same it hurts And finally special Care must be taken that nothing provoke the Patient to Anger Sadness and the like Passions In the Paroxysm Resolution of the Spirits must be prevented by blowing cool Air with Fans upon the Patients and by sprinkling them with sweet smelling Waters Their Face must be sprinkled with cold Water or Water of Roses and Vinegar minled With which the Stones of Men and the Dugs of Women must be bathed cold If Heat and Spirits will not be revoked from the Heart to the outward Parts of the Body it is to be revelled and forced back by binding of the extream Parts and by nipping and pinching them also pluck the Patients often by the Nose pluck them by their Hair and call upon them often by their Christen Name Give of the Crum of White-bread steeped in the Juyce of Pomegranates of thin fragrant Wine tempered with Rose-Water and when necessity urges some Cinnamon Water mingled with Rose Water In the mean space Restorative Broths are not to be omitted wherewith Confectio Alkermes and such like may be mingled Also Cordial Potions are often to be given out of a Spoon made after this manner Take Water of Roses two ounces Orange flower Water one ounce Cinnamon Water half an ounce Confectio Alkermes one dram Pearls prepared and Coral prepared of each half a scruple Sugar Cakes made with Pearl six drams Mix all and make thereof a Julep or Cordial Potion To these may be added the Electuaries and Conserves and Preserves described in the foregoing Chapter Also the inner side of a Loaf hot out of the Oven sprinkled with Rose water and Vinegar may be applied to the Patients Nostrils and Mouth To the Heart Cooling and strengthening Epithems may be applied To straiten the Pores and prevent the Evaporation of the Patients strength and Spirits wrap them in Linnen sprinkled with Pouder of Roses Balaustians and Sanders or let their shifts be sprinkled with Rose water and a little Vinegar Let their whol Body especially the Back be anointed with this following Liniment Take Oyl made of unripe Olives one ounce and an half Mirtles Quinces and Mucilage of Seeds of Flea-bane of each six drams Gum Arabick dissolved in Rose-Water two drams white Wax as much as shal suffice make all into a Liniment A special regard is to be had of the stomach because the Humor offending is cheifly there collected Now the region there of must be anointed with Oyl of Roses and Quinces and then also may be laid on a Toast of Bread wet in Juyce of Quinces and unripe Pomegranats Or if it be afflicted with great heat soment the stomach blood-warm with a Decoction of Purslain and Roses oâ— with Juyce of Night-shade Purslain Sowr-Grapes adding thereto Oyl of Roses and Quinces The Swooning Fits being removed and the Patient strengthened we must bend our minds to remove the Feaver and its Cause Which may be done by Alteratives and Evacuators proper for turning Feavers which we have described in their proper place viz. Where the Cure of burning Feavers is set down The Cure of the second sort of Swooning Feavers which is called Febris Syncopolis Humorosa which is caused by abundance of Flegmatick and crude Humors is in a manner contrary to the Cure of the Minuta newly described For the Air ought to be temperate inclining to heat light pure and dry Meats of good Juyce easily digested prepard with Hyssop Fennel and such like Herbs Let their drink be thin and not very strong Let their sleep and Watchings be Moderate But Frictions or artificial Rubbings of the Body and by Galen much extolled in this Case In the 12. Method Cap. 3. They must be used from the beginning of the Disease with Course Cloaths beginning above and so Rubbing downwards first on the Thighs and Legs afterwards on the Arms shoulders and Back Let the Cloaths with which the Frictions are performed be first Smoaked with Storax Lignum Aloes Frank-Incense Cloves c. When after friction the Limbs are lustily warm anoint them with Oyl of Dil of Chamomel of Orice of Castus and others of a resolving Faculty Such Frictions as these are highly commended because they call the natural Heat and spirits together with the Humor offending which did Choak the natural strength into the outward
Restorative Broths with Juyce of Pomegranates sowr Grapes Pouders of Corals Pearls shavings of Ivory Sanders or Baulaustians Juleps of the Waters of Roses Lettice Purslain with Syrup of Pomegranates dryed Roses or Quinces Conserved Electuaries of Conserve of Roses Corals Pearls Terra Sigillata pouders of Diamargaritum frigidum and such like AN APPENDIX In the Cure of most acute and pernicious Feavers one thing is diligently to be noted that such Feavers seldom happen without some inward and peculiar disorder and commonly Inflamations of some of the inward Bowels as Liver Spleen c. So that we must evermore be careful of the Parts under the short Ribs of the Head the Breast the Womb Reins and Bladder that by al means possible we may hunt out which of those is much out of order and as much as may be restore the same to its Natural Constitution Chap. 3. Of a Tertian Ague AN Ague or Intermittent Tertian Feaver is caused by an Excrementitious Chollerick Humor contained in the first Region of the Body and there putrefying A Tertian Ague is either Legitimate and Exquisite or Illegitimate and bastard A Legitimate or Exquisite Tertian Ague is terminated in twelve hours and is caused by the putrefaction of Natural Choller But a bastard Tertian hath fits that last above twelve hours But if it exceed twenty four hours it is termed Tertiana extensa a stretched Tertian And it is caused either by Preternatural Coller putrefying or by Natural Choller mingled with other Humors especially with flegm Also Tertian Agues are Simple or Double or Triple A Simple Tertian is that whose Fits come every other day A Double Tertian is that whose Fits come every day And although herein it differ not from a Quotidian or every day Ague yet they are known one from the other by their proper Signs shewing the abundance of Flegm or Choller in the Patient of which Signs in their place Somtimes notwithstanding in a double Tertian there are two fits in one day the other day remaining free and this some latter Physitians do call two Tertians and make it to differ from a double Tertian Which Distinction notwithstanding is of smal moment A Triple Tertian is when there are three fits in the compass of two daies This is a most rare and seldom seen sort of Feavers Yet Galen propounds one single Example thereof and I saw another in the yeer 1637. in a certain Gentleman who once in sixteen hours had a fit of a Tertian Ague And all the fits did every one of them terminate in the space of ten or twelve hours by sweat Now these divers Paroxysms are made by a different matter putresying in different places so that each one hath as it were its peculiar Chimney where it is first kindled Now the Humors causing Tertian Agues are collected chiefly in the first Region of the Body viz. In the Liver the bladder of Gall the Stomach the Mesentery the Pancreas or in the Veins of those Parts Their Causes are all such things which ingender Excrementitious Choller viz. An hot and dry distemper of the Spleen youthful Age Hot Constitution of the Air Watchings Cares Anger Fastings use of hot Meats over much Exercise To these are added for the breeding a bastard Tertian such Causes as engender Flegm and Melancholly Hereupon such as have hot Livers and by Glutinous and bad Diet do breed many Crudities are subject to bastard Tertians by reason of the mixture of Choller with crude Humors And hence also it is that in Summer time crude Humors bred through weakness of the Natural Heat by eating of Fruits and over much drinking being mixed with Choller do breed bastard Tertians The Signs to know an Exquisite Tertian by are these That this Feaver alwaies begins with great shaking Fits whereas in a Quotidian Feaver or Ague there is only a light shivering or coldness After the cold shaking Fit follows great Heat sharp and biting Intollerable Thirst great and frequent breathing want of Sleep Head-ach and somtimes Ravings After the shaking fit somtimes there follows a vomiting of Chollerick Humors or a purging by Stool The Urine is somtimes Yellow Yellowish-Red or Red. The Fits last not above twelve hours and they are terminated by Sweat Also the Causes fore-cited breeding Choller have preceded In a bastard Tertian all the foregoing Signs are more remiss than they are in an Exquisite one but more intense than in a Quotidian Ague And according as there is more or less flegm mingled with the Choller the Fits come neerer to those of an Exquisite Tertian or of a Quotidian but in respect of the vehemency of the Symptoms and the length of the Fit it self So that the Paroxysms of a bastard Tertian may be lengthened out to sixteen eighteen or more hours Although they may be somtimes shorter because of the paucity of the Matter and be terminated within the space of eight ten or twelve hours The Prognostick of this Disease is taken out of Hippocrates in Sect. 4. Aph. 59. Exquisite or exact Tertian Agues last but for seven fits at most And in Aphor. 43. of the same Section All Intermitting Feavers are void of danger Which is to be understood only of such Tertians as are void of all malignity For there are Malignant and Pestilent Tertians which though they have evident Intermissions yet do they often kill the Patients Furthermore many things fall upon the Neck of a Tertian which may breed danger although the Feaver of it self be not dangerous Haly writes and common Experience shews That if such as are sick of a Tertian Ague have Ulcers Scabs or Pustles breaking out in their Lips it is a token the Ague wil leave them For it is a kind of Critical Evacuation in those parts A Loosness befalling one that hath a Tertian Ague the matter being digested ends the Disease And this is the way by which alone Nature doth perfectly expel the Cause of these Feavers For seeing the Original Cause of these Feavers is contained in the Gall-Bladder or the Liver or the Mesentery and other Parts in the first Region of the Body although that which steems and vapors therefrom in every fit do get into the habit of the Body and is purged away either by Sweats or by insensible Transpiration or by Pushes and Pimples yet the gross parts and setlings of the Humor abiding in their place which unless by the benefit of Nature or Medicaments it be purged away by stool it is wont to be the Cause either of a long Ague or of Obstructions or of a Relapse or of other stubborn Diseases Agues are wont to be of smal durance and little danger if the habit of the whol Body be good if the bowels be wel affected if it be Spring or Summer if the Patient eat little and drink sparingly And contrary wise they are wont to be long and more rebellious if there be an evil disposition of the Liver or Spleen if the Patient abound with flegmatick Humors or
are apt to Corrup-tion so that though there be no Obstruction present they necessarily fall into a Putrefaction and a Feaver Howbeit Putrefaction being by this means brought into the Humors when Nature doth no longer rule them they are wont for the most part to breed Obstructions whereby the Feaver is augmented so that in these Feavers Obstructions may Concur which though in the beginning they were not the Cause of the Feaver yet do they follow the same being cherished by the Causes of the Feaver and being infected with Pestilential Venom The External Causes of Pestilential Feavers are the six Non-natural things which as they are necessary so do they necessarily alter our bodies and when they are far departed from their Natural condition they breed in us Malignant and venemous Qualities Among these the Air holds the chief place which as it is a most common Cause so Diseases that are common doth for the most part proceed from some fault thereof Now the Air becomes vitious and hurtful to men for the most part by a threefold means First If it be not blown through with wholsom Winds Secondly If it be polluted with the Infection of putrid and stinking Exhalations Thirdly If by an excess or preposterous condition of the first Qualities it doth so alter Men that thereby evil and malignant putrefactions of the Humors be ingendred The first is evident enough For if the Air be not blown through and stirred with Winds it is easily corrupted Whence Hippocrates in the 3. Epidem Describing a most grievous Pestilential constitution saith This year had no Winds And the Second is most effectual and frequent viz. When Putrid Filthy and malignant vapors are mingled with the Air and do infect the same which is wont to arise from divers things viz. Lakes Pooles Fiâ—h-ponds and other quiet and still Waters or such as are full of mud or wherein Flax or Hemp have been steeped Or from the stink of Privies Dung-hils and nasty Allies Or from the unburied bodies of such as have bin slain in battle Or out of Dens or Caves or Caves wherein the Air having been longshut up hath gained a filthy putrefaction being opened by an Earth-quake or some other â—asualtie But the third Reason which consists in the Excess Inequality or Preposterous condition of the first Qualities may happen divers waies and especially when there is a great excess of Heat and moisture For those Qualities when they are extranious and adventitious and encreased above their Natural condition they are the principles of putrefactions Hence a Southern Wind lasting long in the Seasons of the year according to Hippocrates in Epidem was the principal cause of all Pestilential Feavers there described But a dry Constitution of the Air though in the Opinion of Hippocrates it 's more wholsom than a moist yet because excess of Qualities is hurtful to our Nature certain it is that a very dry Constitution of the Air more than ordinary doth produce Pestilential Feavers especially if it be joyned with Excessive Heat A cleer example wherof we have in Livy in the first Book of his History Decad. 4. viz. How by over great dryness a Pestilence happened at Rome because there had been little or no Rain that year neither was there scarcity of Water from Heaven alone but the Earth was scarce able to continue her Springs Now this dry Constitution doth therefore Cause the Pestilence because the Humors being above measure burnt dried up degenerate into the Matter of Biles Carbuncles and consequently of a Pestilential Feaver and being very much thickned they produce grievous Obstructions wherby in a matter otherwise wel disposed therunto Malignant putrefaction is easily bred Add hereunto That this immoderate driâ—ess of the air doth corrupt the Corn hindring it from attaining its due maturity For it brings the Corn sooner out of the Earth and it gives it at first plentiful nourishment and afterward Scanty whereby the Corn is unequally digested being Burnt without but within quiâ—e Raw like Flesh scorched with an over violent Fire and so it proves a Cause of indigestion and divers Crudities It is proved also from Hippocrates That immoderate Cold doth produce a Pestilence 1. Epidem Sect. 5. tempest 1. where he saith In the Country of Thasus a little before the appearance of Arcturus a Star or Constellation and whilst He appears the North Wind blowing there are many and great Rains In which places he fetches the Cause of a Pestilential Season from over great Coldness Also we may read in Livy Lib. 5. Decad. 1. That a Pestilential Season was caused by vehement Cold in these Words The year was remarkable for a Cold and Snowy Winter so that the Wayes were stopped up and the River Tyber was unnavigable So sad a Winter was followed by a grievous and Pestilential Summer Mortal to all kind of Living-Creatures whether iâ— were occasioned by the sudden change of the Air from one extream to another or by some other means And the reason of this Accident is at hand viz. That by reason the Pores of the Skin are closed up by the extream Cold so that the vapors cannot steem forth so as naturally they should there follows the greater putrefaction and more grievous poison whereupon follows more dangerous feavers than in the Summer in which the condition of the air although in some sort it gives beginning to the Disease yet doth it make the pores and passages wider Through which that which putrified does exhale and the natural and preternatural evaporations doe readily breath out Inequality of the Season is wont also to be the Cause of this kind of Feavers viz. when it is sometimes Hot sometimes Cold sometimes wet sometimes dry in a short time or when these various seasons doe endure longer one after another As when after long vehement Hot weathâ—â— a freezing cold claps in or after long rains an extream drought steales upon us or contrarywise Or when after a preposterous fashion it is hot in Winter and cold in Summer Now these inequalities of Seasons may help the production of Pestilential Feavers because in them the humors are exceedingly disturbed by which means they arrive unto an evill condition far from their natural stare and fit to produce malignant Diseases especially in those bodies which during the Course of the Seasons aforesaid by disorderly Course of Diet and liveing have contracted either a Plethory a Cacochymy or some notable obstructions To this kind of Causes may be added the malignant Influence of the Constellations which by changeing the Ayr are wont diversly to affect the Bodies of Liveing Creatures Such they say are the Conjunction of the superior Planets Saturu Jupiter and Mars in humane Signes such as Virgo and Gemini and especially when Mars is Lord. Which do bring Diseases in otherwise they by change of the Ayr so far as to corrupt the Nature and substance thereof And that change is wrought two waies and is by the manifest qualities as when
master them and because by them many obstructions are caused by which Transpiration is prohibited and at length putrefaction engendred And finaly passions of the Mind are wont vehemently to exagitate the body and to disturb the humors and so they much Dispose the body to receive infection and especially fear and Sadnes which Drawing the vital Spirits inward do as it were choak and smother them whereby the vigor of the Heart is so broken that it cannot sufficienly resist the venom and first assaults of pestilential Sicknesses yea verily and the Humors being stirred in the veines and vehemently disturbed are thrust out of their Natural constitution and do conceive a malignant putrefaction Insomuch that some have conceived that Pestilential Diseases are bred in Camps and at Sieges of Towns not so much through bad Diet and stink of dead Carcases as through Terror Fear Anxiety and dread of Death which do exagitate the Humors and put them into a tumultuary Combustion and Fluctuation The Signs of a pestilential Feaver do some of them foretel the disease when it is coming others declare it to be present and others witnes where it has bin All which must be set down because the first tend to Preservation the second to Cure and the third sort to be a Caveat to such as are not yet infected The Signs which foreshow a pestilential Feaver are taken from three things viz. From the the Disposition of the Body from the Presence of Causes and from some intermediate dispositions Those bodies are disposed to receive pestilential Infection which have collected evil Juyces through bad diet and by a preposterous use of the six non-natural things aforesaid Or such as being plethorick do gorge themselves and inordinately and unseasonably replenish themselves Furthermore some that are neither plethorick nor cacochymical do dispose their bodies to the reception of this disease while they torment their minds with most troublesome passions or give themselves immoderately to carnal embracements for from these two Causes the pestilential feaver is very ordinarily produced forasmuch as by them corruption is easily introduced even amâ—ngst good humors for Passions of the Mind do distract and draw away the spirits from their proper operations and overmuch Carnal embracement does weaken al the powers of the body but the Spirits being distracted and the vertues weakened the Humorrs change their Nature and grow corrupt Finally those whose principal Members are weak or some waies tainted either from the womb or by bad diet or any other external Cause which have an hot and moist temperature which have a very thin or very compacted habit of body are al disposed to pestilential Feavers for hot and moist bodies are subject to putrefaction thin bodies are liable to al 〈◊〉 compacted constitutions have no free transpiration The presence of such Causes as can breed a pestilential feaver do portend the same and consequently il seasons and unnatural temper of the year Dearth and Scarcity of Victuals Wars and other Causes reckoned up before when they appear they declare the Plague to â—â— approaching Those intermediate dispositions are when such a disposition oâ— body and the Causes aforesaid being present wee see a Man more â—ad than ordinary an unexplicable fear in him without good ground or cause the Colour of the face changed is not rightly disposed in point of die is disturbed with bad dreames infested with wearines which comes without labor thirst watchings stomachsickneâ— it is easily conjectured that man wil have the Pesttilence for al there thing do declare that the humors do attain another nature and do corrupt from whence comes a pestilential Feaver Such Signs as declare the Pestilence to be present are exactly to be propounded and therefore al the Heads of Signs must be run over out of which this Disease may be known which Heads of signs are taken from the three kinds of symptomes because the symptomes are the Effects of Diseases and Causes can no way so conveniently be known as by their effects And therefore some signes are taken from the Actions hurt some from Excrements voided and others from qualites changed Unto which Heads a fourth must be added taken from supervenient Infirmites To the right understanding of which these things following must be premised Frist we must know that the same signs in a manner doe shew a pestilental Feaver properly so called and a Feaver simply malignant and that the signes of the one and the other doe differ only according to more and leâ—s so that in the pestilential Feaver the symptoms are more and in the malignant Feaver less cruel yet there are some adjuncts more proper to the one than the other which we shall declare in their proper place Secondly we must note that there is no true proper and Pathognomonick sign of these Feavers viz. Such an one as wherever that signe is there is the pestilence and where that sign is not there is no pestilence no not the Bubo or swelling in the Groyn nor the Carbuncle seeing that many have them not though they have the plague and many have Buboes and Carbuncles that have no malignitie in them neither are those purple spots any such pathognomonick sign although a malignant Feaver is from them termed the spotted Feaver forasmuch as many have a malignant Feaver without any such spots those spots doe sometimes appear on women that want their courses and in some Children by reason of a light ebullition of â—lood without any Feaver which I have often seen in both Howbeit by a Concurrency and collection of all signes and tokens these Feavers may certainly be known Thirdly we must mark that al the signs which shall be propounded are not found in al sick persons of these Feavers but only a part of them which notwithstanding will be sufficient punctually to discover the kind of the disease For according to the variety of patients bodies the intention or remisnes of the disease now these kind of symptomes anon those do chiefly shew themselves Finally it must be known that the signs of a pestilential and malignant Feaver although they are also found in other Feavers yet are made in some sort pathognomonick in this Feaver in a two-fold respect First because in these Feavers they are so conditioned as in other Feavers they are not For the Head-ach Ilness at Stomach Vomiting the manner of the Heat and other signs when they accompanie pestilential Feavers they have a peculiar malignant condition whereby they differ from themselves when they accompanie other ordinarie Feavers which is wel known to them that are but indifferently exercised in the Practice of Physick Secondly because the symptomes do not observe the same proportion among themselves in these Feavers which they doe in ordinarie ones So that the heat being gentle to the touch the pulse not much changed doe shew a smal Feaver yet with them is joyned mighty Head-ach watchings and somtimes raveings and other symptoms which are wont to accompanie a
Operation nor any other in his time But he confesseth it may be used so that the Lungs and rough Artery be not full of filth and he sheweth the manner of it in its proper Chapter most exactly from whence any one may take it The End of the Sixth Book THE SEVENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Breast The PREFACE BY this name Thorax or Breast we mean those parts only which serve for breathing for although the Heart be contained in the Thorax yet the Diseases therof shall be set down in a Book by themselves But in this we will only speak of those which hinder breathing and hurt the part of Respiration as Astbma Pleuresie Peripneumonia or Inflamation of the Lungs Empyema and Phtysis and we have ordained proper Chapters for each of them Chap. 1. Of Asthma or Difficulty of Breathing THe Breath is hindered by divers Causes either by sympathy or propriety of part The hinderance of breathing by propriety called Idiopathica comes from the Lungs distempered and therefore every Disease of the Lungs hurts their action which Diseases are either in the substance of the Lungs or in the Vessels thereof In the substance of the Lungs come inflamations pimples imposthumes ulcers and somtimes a drying and atrophy of the part somtimes a serous watery humor is suckt into the spungy substance of the Lungs and hinders their free dilatation somtimes though seldom there is a schirrus a stone or hard swelling in them In the Vessels of the Lungs there are often obstructions which hindering the free passage of the Air cause difficulty of breathing Breathing is hindered by sympathy or consent from other parts which are not only neer but remote so the Membrane that goeth about the ribs being inflamed or the Diaphragma or Mediastinum the breath is hindered So by custom there is a great and often breathing when the heart is inflamed as in Feavers and on the contrary when the Heart is cold as in dying men it is diminished and ceaseth the same happeneth in swouning or syncope when the action of the Heart and consequently Respiration ceaseth So in the Empyema or Dropsie of the Breast when matter or water is collected in the Cavity of the Thorax the Dilatation of the Lights and Respiration is also hindered So the Muscles of Breathing being hurt hinder Respiration as in wounds and tumors of them especially in an Apoplexy when the influence of the Animal Spirits is kept from them Moreover The Inflamation of the Muscles of the Larynx makes difficulty of breathing in a Squinzy So also the Diseases of the Hypochondria do hinder Respiration by consent as tumors of the Liver Spleen Sweetbread or Pancreas do by their weight draw down the Diaphragma to which they are joyned and so hinder the motion of it Also vapors and wind sent from those parts compress the Diaphragma and hinder its action from whence comes a flatulent Asthma The same happeneth by the abundance of wind or water contained in the belly of an Hydropical man and compressing the Diaphragma Lastly Vapors coming from the Mother hinder Respiration from whence this disease is called Suffocatio Hysterica Among the aforesaid hinderances of Respiration the Asthma is handled by it self because the other depend upon other Diseases they shall be mentioned in their places Although Asthma used generally comprehendeth in a large signification all kinds of difficulty of breathing yet it signifies more specially that shortness of breathing which comes from the stuffing of the Lungs and the obstruction of the Bronchion or Gristles of the Wind-pipe which of its self essentially is without a Feaver although somtimes it be joyned therewith And again it is subdivided into three other kinds as first Dyspnoea the second called also Asthma the third Orthopnoea Dyspnoea is a difficulty of breathing in which the breath is drawn oftener and thicker from the stuffing of the Lungs This is less than Asthma or Orthopnoea because the matter obstructing is less and it rather stops the substance of the Lungs than Gristles or Bronchia hence it is that there is no snorting at all which comes from the commotion of the humors contained in the Bronchia with the Air continually passing through Asthma is a great and often breathing in which the Diaphragma the Intercostal Muscles between the Ribs and of the Abdomen are violently moved joyned with snorting and wheesing For in a true Asthma properly so called the Btonchia of the Lungs are filled with flegm which as is said being moved by the Air make that noise Orthopnoea is a great difficulty of breathing in which the Patient cannot breath but sitting and with the neck extended upright and the aforesaid Muscles are not only moved vehemently but also those of the Breast and Shoulders The names Dyspnoea and Orthopnoea as we said of Asthma are used commonly for all difficulties of breathing which happen in Pleuresies or Inflamation of the Lungs or the like The same may be said of Apnaea which doth not only signifie a depravation of breathing as the former but also a diminishing or abolishing thereof and this happeneth in syncope Hysterical Passions and strong Apoplexies The humor which causeth an Asthma is for the most part flegm which falls from the Head into the Lungs and obstructs the Bronchia or Wind-pipe Somtimes it comes from crude and serous humors brought by Arteria Venosa into the Lungs and if these flow to the Bronchia they produce a true Asthma with snorting but if to the substance of the Lungs or smooth Arteries they cause a bastard Asthma without snorting This kind of Asthma which is unknown to vulgar Physitians who will acknowledg no other cause but a defluxion from the Head is confirmed not only by not snorting but from the thick and turbulent Urine of the Patient at that time especially in the sit because some part of those thick and crude humors in the Veins is sent to the Reins and Bladder And some Asthmatical men are subject to stoppage of Urine and when they are so they are free from it But when the fit of the Asthma comes the difficulty of Urine ceaseth because the matter of the disease contained in the Veins goes from one place to another We have also seen some subject to a flux in the Belly who while they were so were free from the Asthma but when that stopped the Asthma returned Moreover this kind of Asthma which is without snorting is so directly opposite to bleeding that when a Vein is opened in the fit as soon as it bleedeth the Patient begins presently to breath better and in the end or after a little space they are cured of their fit And finally these kind of Asthmatical men are for the most part of an ill habit of body and have an oedematous humor in their feet which sheweth that the cause of the Asthma at that time came from the Liver and is contained in the Veins so that somtimes a Dropsie
water-like and little in the beginning of the fit after which somtimes followeth a total stoppage if both Ureters are stopped but when the fit is past and the stone that was fixed in the Ureters is fallen into the bladder there comes forth much thick troubled Urine with a sandy Sediment The Fourth Sign is often voiding of sand and stones Concerning voiding of a stone it is evident That if the Patient voided any formerly though never so smal when he had a fit it is most certain that the Disease is the Stone But concerning Sand we cannot speak so infallible for we may see many all their lives time void Gravel and never be troubled with the stone for sand comes often from adustion of Humors in the Liver and Veins and it sticks to the sides of the Urinal and goes not to the bottom as that which comes from the Reins Besides if you rub it between your fingers it dissolveth and is like Salt when the other will not yeeld to the fingers and will not dissolve And finally because this Sand is salt it is dissolved in hot Urine nor will it appear while the Urine is so but when it is cold it grows together to the sides of the Urinal not unlike the Crystal of Tartar which being dissolved in warm water when it grows cold congealeth and sticks to the sides of the Glass so the Nature of them both is very like The Fifth Sign is a stone voided and this is most certain For if any former Sign though equivocal do appear and a stone be voided you may be certain of the Disease The Sixth Sign is a numbness of the Thigh on the same side that the Back is pained of for the stone being great doth oppress the Nerve which is in erted into the Muscles of the Loyns under the Reins called by the Anatomists Psenas and those Muscles go to the Hip for its motion such a numbness is percâ—ived by sitting upon the Thigh through the compression or in the Arm by long leaning thereon The Seventh Sign is the drawing in of one stone on that side where the pain is For the Kidneys and Ureters being provoked with the greatness of the pain do vehemently contract themselves and then the Spermatical Vessels and all the parts adjacent are also contracted and these Vessels do raise up the stone which is joyned to them so that it seems somtimes to be fixed to the Groyn And this retraction or drawing in of parts reacheth to the bladder and Guts For in great pain the belly is bound and Urine stopped so that then Purges will not work by reason they are hindered by that Contraction The Eighth Sign is loathing and vomiting by the connexion of the Kidneys with the Stomach by the Membrane that comes from the Peritonaeum and by the Nerve of the sixth Conjugation two branches whereof reach from the Stomach to the inward Tunicle of the Kidneys Therefore when those sensible parts in the Kidneys are pulled the Stomach consenting is stirred up to exclude that which hurteth and first it sends out Flegm then yellow Choller after green if the evil continue because through long pain and watching the blood is altered in the Veins and that part which is most disposed for it is turned into green Choller Finally The Nephritical pain is so like the Chollick that Galen himself was deceived in the distinguishing of them as we shewed in the Diagnosis or Knowldg of the Chollick where also we laid down signs by which we may distinguish them which we shall not need to repeat The Signs afore mentioned are equivocal and one of them can scarce give a certain knowledg Some Authors mention others which are more equivocal and uncertain but joyned with others they help the knowledg of the Disease therefore it will not be amiss to mention them Hipp. Aph. 34. Sect. 7. saith They who have bubbles in their Vrine have an old Disease in the Reins For these bubbles come from thick Humors full of gross vapors which are either bred in the Reins or sent from other parts to them that matter is proper to breed the stone and cannot be presently cured therefore the Disease is long Galen in his Comment upon this Aporism saith that the mouthes of the Arteries which come to the Reins are opened by the sharpness of the Urine and thence comes a Spirit which being mixed with the Urine maketh bubbles But it is not probable that such a gross Spirit that will remain so long should come from the Arteries and Urine being cold may long time so continue as we see many bubbles many hours swimming thereupon And also when the Arteries are opened by the sharpness of the Urine blood will also come forth And the mouthes of the Veins having thin Skins would be more easily opened and so there would be also blood mixed with the bubbles Hippocrates also Aph. 76. Sect. 4. saith They who void little bits of flesh and things like hairs with a thick Vrine do it from the Reins The bits of flesh come from the Ulcer of the Reins of which we shall speak hereafter but these thrids or hairs are said by Galen in his Commentaries to come from thick and crude flegm made long and round by the extraordinary heat of the Reins Yet Galen confesseth 6. loc aff cap. 3. that after a long search he was ignorant of the cause of their length Avicen saith that these thrids grow long in the vessels of the Reins or others for in regard these are taken away by Diureticks and the Patients acknowledg pain in the Reins it is credible that they receive their form from thence Actuarius doth directly say they come from the Ureters For when the Reins abound with flegm it goes with the Urine into the Ureters and sticking to them and growing thick by heat it gets a long shape like a thrid or hair But Fernelius writes that those hairs come from the Parastatis or kernels from his Observation in which they grow long like hairs from the matter of the seed which by force of the Disease flowing down by degrees grows thick by heat and that they appear much in those who have lately had a filthy Gonorrhoea and in those women who have the Whites or a foul Womb and in that Urine which they make next after they have known a man Others suppose that those thick Humors of which those filaments or hairs are made are first bred in the Veins but take their form in the narrow passages of the Reins through which as through a sieve they turn smal and after they descend into the Ureters in which they grow dryer till they are sent into the bladder neither can they be broken by reason of their toughness Whatsoever the cause is since the best Authors do agree that these hairs breed of thick flegm in the Kidneys or come to them from other parts it is certain that they may turn into a stone if there be an efficient cause fit
to produce it And therefore this may be a probable sign of the stone As for the Prognostick The stone of the Kidneys is very dangerous for it useth to bring great evils as Inflamation Exulceration great Pains Watchings dejection of strength Feavers stoppings of Urine and the like dangerous Symptomes If this Disease be Haereditary coming from the Parents it is incurable And because Hippocrates saith that the Diseases of the Reins are hard to be cured in oldmen Aph. 6. Sect. 6. The Stone of the Kidneyes in old men is difficult if not incurable If the pain of the Kidneys continue many daies and cannot be cured with any Medicines there is danger of death and it is neer at hand when they are cold externally and have a cold sweat in the face Urines that are first thin and after thick and have sand at the bottom do signifie that the fit is towards an end A Stone joyned with an Ulcer in the Kidneys is incurable for those things which break the Stone do exasperate the Ulcer The Cure of the pain of the Kidneys and stone sticking in them or in the Ureters is by enlarging of the passages and relaxing them by throwing forth the stone and any other thing that hurts them by removing or taking away the antecedent cause and by taking away the pain Which you may do with these Medicines Take of Marsh-mallow and Lilly Roots of each one ounce Mallows Violets Pellitory Bearfoot of each one handful Lin-seed and Fenugreek seed of each half an ounce fat Figgs six Chamomel and Melilot Flowers of each one pugil boyl them to a pint Dissolve in the straining Cassia and Diacatholicon of each six drams Oyl of Lillies and Violets of each one ounce and an half fresh Oyl two ounces make a Clyster to be given presently Afterwards open the Liver Vein of the right or left Arm and take away eight or nine ounces of blood according to the strength and fulness of the Patient Phlebotomy is very necessary to prevent Inslamation which useth to come from continuance of pain After blood-letting give this Clyster Take of the flowers of Chamomel and Melilot the tops of Dill Pellitory of the wall and Rue of each half a bandful Annis Fennel and Cummin seeds of each half an ounce Make a decootion to one pint in which dissolve Diaphoenicon half an ounce Turpentine dissolved with the Yolk of an Egg one ounce Oyl of Dill and Scorpions of each three ounces Make a Clyster To mollifie more and asswage the pain after your Laxative you may make one of Oyl thus Take of Oyl of Dill and of Chamomel of each half a pound Oyl of sweet Almonds two ounces Oyl of Rue one ounce mix them for a Clyster At the same time appply a Fomentation to the part pained made of the Decoction of the first Clyster with Annis seeds and Fennel seeds Oyl and Water with Spunges Take of Oyl of Scorpions compounded two ounces fresh Butter Hens Grease Oyl of Lillies and of sweet Almonds of each one ounce Make a Liniment to be used after the Fomentation Or this Cataplasin Take of Mallows and Pellitory of each two handfuls Parsley with the Roots one handful Rhadish Roots two ounces boyl them soft and beat them then add of Onions roasted two Oyl of Lillies bitter Almonds and sweet Butter of each two ounces Make a Cataplasin which you must put between two thin linnen cloaths and apply warm to the Belly according to the length of the Vreters and heat it as often as it grows cold You may also apply one either made of Pellitory alone or with Eggs fryed in a Pan with Oyl of Chamomel bitter Almonds Scorpions in a cloth Or make it of Onions shred and fryed with Hogs Grease or the Oyls aforesaid with five or six warm Eggs applied And because in this Disease there is abundance of crude Humors after Clysters which must still be repeated as the pain cometh you may give a purging Medicine especially in form of a Bolus lest it be easily vomited up because these Patients are commonly squeazy stomached Take of Cassia new drawn with Oyl of sweet Almonds one ounce Diaphoenicon three drams Pouder of Rhubarb one dram with the pouder of Liquorin and Tragacanth make a Bolus If the Patient cannot swallow a Bolus dissolve purging things in the Decoction of Mallows But you must diligently observe that you must not give a Purging Medicine before the pain be allayed For when the pain is great a strong Purge seldom works because then all the parts contract themselves and refuse to help the Medicine But at that time you may give a Vomit by which the plenty of Humors may be abated and a revulsion is made from the part affected and often Nature of the self when the pain is urgent doth endeavor the same and after it finds ease A gentle Vomit which will also asswage pain may be made thus Take of warm Water four ounces Sallet Oyl one ounce simple Syrup of Vinegar one ounce and an half Make a Vomit If you will have a stronger you must use Salt of Vitriol or Mercurius vitae with which Angelus Sala saith that he hath often cured this disease Before and after purging you must give at the mouth those things which open the passages and abate the pain for which purpose the Syrup of Marsh-mallows proscribed by Fernelius often given is excellent But because it is not alwaies ready in the Shops you may make it simply thus Take of Marsh-mallows three ounces boyl them to a pint dissolve in the straining half a pound of Sugar Let him take it often This following Julep given often is good to mollifie the Passages Take of Barley one pugil gray Pease half a pugil Mallow and Marsh-mallow seeds of each two drams the four great cold seeds of each one dram fat Figs eight Scbestens six Liquoris half an ounce boyl them to a pint and an half Dissolve in the straining Syrup of Maiden-hair four ounces Give it at four draughts twice or thrice in a day Give for his ordinary drink a decoction of Marsh-mallow Roots one ounce and an half Barley two pugils Liquoris six drams in sive pints of water to a pint Or make Broths of Mallows Marsh-mallows and gray Pease with much butter and a little salt or boyl the same in fat broth Or give Emulsions made of the four great cold seeds But Oyl of sweet Almonds above all Medicines doth mollifie and relax the Passages and asswageth pain if it be new drawn give three or four ounces by its self or with white Wine or a Decoction of Marsh-mallows Liquoris and gray Pease or make Potion of equal parts of Oyl of sweet and bitter Almonds because bitter Almonds are good also to expel the Stone The day after you have opened the Arm you may open the Ham or Ancle Vein on the same side for that will derive the Humor and the Patients find much ease thereby Which Rule is given
Julep of Violets to cool him thus Take of the pouder of Sows prepared one scruple Aqua vitae two scruples red Pease Broth eight ounces Mix them and give it six hours before meat Thus Augenius Sennertus in his Chapter of the Stone in the Bladder tels a famous story of William Lauremberg Professor of Rostoch who being old and troubled with the stone was unwilling to be cut and therfore sought for other Remedies First he tried the famous Water against the Stone which is so much prized by Princes which is thus made Take of Salt of white Tartar one ounce Parsley Water one pint Mix them and strain them with a brown Paper and with Orange peels make it yellow He used also the Indian Jewel called in Spanish Igiada which is most famous for breaking the Stone but both to no purpose Therfore be desired to make tryal of the Medicine of Sows which Horatius Augenius saith cured two yong men In imitation of whom after general Physick and good Diet he took of Sows one scruple the Spirit of Juniper two scruples red Pease Broth ten ounces which he took in the morning but the first and second time he found a straightness in his Breast and a fainting so that he was constrained to take one dram of Treacle with the Potion and so used it fifteen daies but all this while he voided no gravel And then he added other things and made it thus Take of prepared Sows two ounces a Hares and Goats Blood prepared wild Rose Flowers and purple Violet seeds of each one ounce Species Lithontribi two scruples mix them for an Antidote of which take two scruples the Diuretick Decoction ten ounces the Spirit of Juniper two scruples Which Medicine after he had taken it the second time at five a clock in the morning four hours after he felt a great pain under the Os Publis about the Neck of the Bladder A little after he made a little Water and therewith some thin red things like scales of fishes which though they seemed to be slimy yet when they were touched turned to sand So that it plainly appeared that they were the outside of the Stone By the continuance of this Medicine every fourth or fifth day he voided the like scales and somtimes bigger pieces especially when he used a sweet bath But when the neck of the bladder was wounded by the fragments and the stone he used Medicines to asswage pain and by the use of these Medicines was in seventeen months cured The Decoction was Take of Liquoris four scruples Roots of Marsh-mallows Couch-grass Rest-harrow of each half an ounce Winter Cherries twenty red Pease six ounces Raisons one ounce the four great cold Seeds of each one scruple Barley two handfuls Boyl them in Winter Cherry Water Rest-harrow Strawberry and Bean Flower Water of each one pint and an half to the straining add of the Syrup of Marsh-mallows four ounces The Sows are thus prepared Take of live Sows two pound wash them in Rest-harrow Water then drown them in Spanish Wine then powr the Wine out and put them in Glasses the more Glasses the better because then they will dry better Put these Glasses well stopt into the Oven when the Bread is drawn that they may dry gently till they will pouder then put some Spanish Wine upon this Pouder as much as it will take in and dry it again do so thrice and fourthly wash it with this Liquor Take of Straw-berry Water three ounces Spirit of Vitriol half a dram mix them Then dry it and make it fine and keep it in a Glass for your use Besides the aforesaid the use of the distilled Water of Goats blood or of the Urin of a Goat newly slain which was formerly mentioned in the Stone of the Kidneys If the Stone cannot be broken with Medicines necessity requireth the manual operation though it be dangerous lest the Patient die with lingering pain This requires a skilful and wel exercised Artist and that it may have good success as we have observed It is the Duty of the Physitian before the operation to prepare the body by bleeding purging and diet as the state of the business requireth And observe that the taking away of a stone from a Woman hath no danger because it is done only by enlarging the Passage of the Urine which in them is very short If the Patient fear cutting or want a good Chyrurgion he may use asswaging Medicines least the Stone should cut and ulcerate the neck of the bladder such as are prescribed for heat of Urine But if a stone fastened in the neck of the bladder stop the Urine it must be shaken back with lying upon the back with the leg up and the body shaked and then by a good somentation or bath and with a Catheter let the stone be sent back into the bladder Chap. 3. Of the Inflamation of the Reins and Bladder BEcause the Inflamation of the Reins and Bladder are cured with the same Medicines therefore we will put them in the same Chapter although the Signs are different as shall be shewed This Inflamation is a Tumor of those Parts from the flowing of Blood or Choller unto them This is not very ordinary because the substance of those parts is solid and thick but somtimes it happeneth because the Kidneys are fleshy and apt to receive blood but the Bladder though it be without blood and spermatick because it receives blood for its Nourishment through the smal Veins is without question subject to Inflamation by too much blood as other Membranes of the Brain or Meninges the Pleura Mediastinum and the like We said that these Inflamations come from Blood or Choller as when Flegm or Melancholly in the Blood make the parts thicker because they cannot pierce into their thick substance The Causes of this Disease are either from things Natural not Natural or Pretematural From Natural things when there is a Natural Infirmity of those parts from the Parents or a great loosness of them a great heat originally in them by which they draw plenty of Humors In Youth these conduce much to an Inflamation From things not Natural as much Venery which weakeneth those parts and draws much blood or other Humors to them Gluttony Drunkenness and eating of Salt and Spiced Meats great Passions of the Mind lying upon the back in a soft bed great Exercise stoppage of some great Eâ—acuations as of the Months and Hemorrhoids or usual bleeding at the Nose those things which cause repletion and evil concoction and drive the humors to the inward bowels From Preternatural things as a stroak or wound upon the Reins or about the Bladder a pressing or bruise of those parts constant Feavers foulness of the Vessels or other parts that purge themselves by Urine as in a Pleurisie Empyema or imposthume in the side Obstruction of the Spleen breaking of the Mesentery and the like And lastly Disease of those parts do cause Inflamation as the stone