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A43030 Anatomical exercitations concerning the generation of living creatures to which are added particular discourses of births and of conceptions, &c. / by William Harvey ...; De generatione animalium. English Harvey, William, 1578-1657.; Lluelyn, Martin, 1616-1682. 1653 (1653) Wing H1085; ESTC R13027 342,382 600

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In as much as it is a Spirit so it is the Fire the Vesta the Houshold deity the Calidum Innatum the Sun of the Microcosme and Platoes Fire not because like ordinary fire it shineth burneth and destroyeth but because it doth conserve nourish and encrease it self by a free perpetuall motion It doth also challenge the name of Spirit in as much as it doth primarily and before the other parts abound with Radical moisture which is the last and neerest aliment thereof and doth dispence and provide the same sustenance for all the rest of the parts wherewith it self is supported namely while it doth nimbly dart it self through the whole body and nourish cherish and keep alive all the parts thereof which it self doth first frame and adjoin to it selfe after the same manner as the superiour Orbes but especially the Sun and Moon do by their continual motions quicken and preserve the inferiour world Seeing therefore that the Blood doth act above the power of the Elements and is inspired with such notable virtues being also the Instrument of the Omnipotent Agent no man can worthily magnifie and extol its wonderful and divine faculties In it the soul doth first and principally reside and that not the Vegetative soul onely but the Sensitive and Motive also it penetrates every part and is every where present and that being taken away the soul is presently gone so that the blood seems to differ nothing from the soul or ought at least to be counted that substance whose act the soul is For such is the soul that it is not altogether a body nor yet wholly without a body it comes partly from without and is partly born at home in some sort it is a part of the body and in some the beginning and cause of all things which are contained in the Animal body namely nutrition sense and motion and so consequently of Life and Death also for whatsoever is nourished doth also live and so on the contrary Likewise whatsoever is plentifully nourished is also inlarged but that which is too sparingly nourished doth diminish that also which is perfectly nourished doth continue in health but that which is not doth incline to diseases The blood therefore as well as the soul is to be reputed the cause and author both of Youth and Old Age of Sleep and Waking and of Breathing also especially since in Natural productions the first Instrument doth contein in it self the internal moving cause And therefore it comes all to the same reckoning whether we say that the soul and the blood or the blood with the soul or the soul with the blood doth performe all the effects in an Animal We use as persons that neglect the things themselves to pay much reverence to the specious names The blood which is still at hand and daily in our view makes no great noise in our ears but at the magnificent name of Spirits and of an Innate Heat we are strangely amused But when once the vizour is plucked from before them as our errour so our wonder ceaseth That miraculous Stone rendered so venerable to Mizaldus by the commendation of Pipinus did not onely fill him with admiration but Thuanus also who was an eminent Historiographer in his time I shall here adjoin the Riddle it self I saw saith he a Stone which was lately brought hither to our King out of the East Indies which Stone did dart forth light and brightness after a wonderful manner sparkling and shining with so much incredible lustre as if it were all burning and in a flame This stone doth by his rayes scattered into every corner illustrate the ambient aire with so clear a shine that the firmest sight is scarce able to behold it It is also most impatient of earth for if you attempt to cover it it doth of its own accord with an impetuous violence fly upward All the Art of man cannot confine and shut it up into a narrow room for it seemeth to be affected with free open places onely The infinite purity and brightness thereof is not tainted by the least spot or blemish It hath no certain shape or figure but varieth and is altered in an instant And though it be most faire and beautiful to the Eye yet will it not endure to be touched and if you attempt too long to handle it and continue too obstinate in your resolution it will mischiefe you as many in my presence have deerly found And if any thing be by violence taken from it it remaines for all that which is very wonderful nothing less then it was before The stranger who brought it addes farther to all this that its virtue and power is exceeding useful to sundry emploiments but will not discover them without a great reward This travailer also might have added to his description that this Stone is neither soft nor hard that it puts on several shapes and complexions that it hath a continual trembling and palpitation and doth like an Animal though it be an Inanimate thing daily devour great store of food converting it to its own nutriment and augmentation and that he hath been told by men of good credit that this Stone did long ago fall down from heaven and is to this day the cause of Thunders and Lightnings being some times begotten by the refraction of the Sun-beams through the Waters Who can but admire so strange a Stone and conceive less of it then to be above the power of the Elements and so to partake of another body and of an etherial spirit especially when he finds that it is answerable in proportion to the Element or substance of the sun himself And yet if Fernelius may be the Oedipus all this is but a Riddle of the Flame In like manner if I should describe the Blood under the veil and covering of a Fable calling it the Philosophers stone and displaying all its endowments operations and faculties in an aenigmatical manner doubtless every body would set a greater price upon it and believing it to act beyond the Activity of the elements would ascribe another and more divine body unto it Of the Primigenial Moisture EXER LXXII WE have now adorned the Blood with the Title of Calidum Innatum and do likewise conceive it proper to dignifie the Colliquamentum Crystallinum as we cal it out of which the foetus and its first parts do immediately arise by the name of Humidum radicale Primigenium the Radical and Primigenial moisture For we meet with nothing in the Generation of Animals to which this title doth upon better right belong We have stiled it the Radical moisture because out of it the first particle of the foetus namely the Blood and all the post-genit parts do arise as out of their Root and do owne the same as the matter out of which they are procreated sed increased and conserved We likewise call it Primigenial because it is first generated in the constitution of every Animal and is as it
and grow big and for the most part they teem even by the voice of the cock if they be at that time wanton and lustfull and this also may fall out from the cocks flying over them namely if the cock do transmit a fructifying spirit into the Hen. And this happens chiefly in the Spring-time whence the Poet Vere tument terrae genitalia semina poscunt Tum Pater Omnipotens foecundis imbribus aether Conjugis in gremium laetae descendit omnes Magnus alit magno commistus corpore foetus Avia tum resonant avibus virgulta sonoris Et Venerem certis repetunt armenta diebus Earth swells in Spring and fertile seed requires Descending Aether with her vote conspires And fruitful showrs cheer his glad consorts hart Which do to all her Issues growth impart The Desart woods are then the shrill Birds Quire And all Beasts are inflam'd with Venus fire But not long after these kinde dalliances the Parrat which had lived many years sound and healthy grew sick and being much oppressed by many convulsive motions did at length deposite his much lamented spirit in his Mistresses bosom where he had so often sported When dissecting his carkase to finde out the cause of his death I found in the womb an egge almost completed but for want of a Cocke corrupted Which many times befalleth those Birds that are immured in Cages when they covet the society of the Cock. By this and other examples I am induced to believe that the Dunghill-Cock and the Cock-Pheasant doe not onely delight their Hennes by their voices but also do confer something by those very voices to the conception of the egges for even at night some of the Hens at roost with him do bestirre themselves at the Cocks crowing shaking their heads and wings as if possessed by a gentle horrour their senses were ravished as after Coition A certain Fowle as big again as a Swan was not long since brought into Holland out of Java a● Island of the East-Indies which fowle the Dutchmen called a Cassoware the figure of this fowle Aldrovandus representeth and saith that the Indians call it Eme it is not cloven-footed as the Ostrich but hath three claws on every foot one of which is armed with so long so hard and so strong a spurre that it will easily pierce through an Inc●board Now its manner of smiting is forward its body legs and thighes are like an Ostriches but it hath not a broad bill as the Ostrich hath but a roun● and black one Instead of a crest it hath upon the head a round extuberant horn it hath no tongue at all eateth any thing without distinction be it stones or coales and those red-hot too likewise pieces of glass it hath two feathers springing out from every quill and those black short and thinne approaching to the nature of hair or down it hath very litle wings and imperfect it is a creature of a horrid aspect and hath long red and blew gils hanging down the neck like a Turkey-Cock This fowle continued in Holland above seven yeares and afterwards Maurice the most Illustrious Prince of Orange sent it with other things for a Present to King James in whose gardens it lived above five yeares but afterward when two Ostriches Cock and Hen chanced to be kept in the same place and the Cassoware oftentimes over-heard them at the act of coition being but in the next pennes where they were fed apart She unexpectedly conceived egges stirred up as I suppose by a certain sympathy from those that were something of the same kin and linage with her yet all that saw her did conjecture she was rather a Cocke then a Henne considering her we apons and martiall provisions One of these egges she laid whole and entire which I opened and found it compleat for it had a white embracing the yolk round about together with the chalazae or specks like hailestones annexed on both sides and also a litle cavity or emptiness in the obtuse end of it there was likewise the cicatricula the litle cicatrice or whitish speck the shell was thick hard and strong which I caused to be made into a cup the top being taken off such as is usually made of the Ostriches egge This egg was something less then an Ostriches egg but every way perfect as I said before yet without all question it was but a subventaneous and an unfruitfull one by reason of the want of a Cock But at the same time as she brought forth the egge I did presage she her self would die and that according to Aristotle who saith That Birds will be sick and dye unless they bring forth which fell out not long after and dissecting her I found an imperfect and corrupt egge in the Upper end of her Uterus which caused her untimely death as I had formerly observed in the Parrat and other Birds Most Birds by how much the more salacious they are so much the more fruitfull are they and sometimes doe without a Cock either from high feeding or some other cause conceive eggs which very seldom are either perfected or brought forth at all without the use of a Cock but they thenoe fall into desperate diseases and at length dye But the Dunghill-henne doth not onely conceive egges but lay them also and those perfect too but yet subventaneous and barren ones So also many of the Insects in whose list are Silk-worms and Butterflies do both conceive and lay egges without conjunction with the male as fishes also but they are all addle and wind-eggs As if it were the same thing for these creatures to be with egge as for virgins to have their wombs grow warm their termes flow their breasts increase and in a word to become marriageable which if they be too long detained from they are assaulted with dangerous symptoms namely hysterical affections or furor Uterinus or else fall into the green sickness and severall other distempers For all Creatures when they are love-struck grow extravagant and if debarred of enjoyment do at length recede much from their usual temper Hence some women grow frantick for love and this extravagancy is so outragious in some that they seem bewitched planet-strucke or possessed And this inconvenience would be frequent did not pious education respect to their reputation and in-bred modesty temper and asswage these inordinate commotions of the minde Of the Privities of a Henne EXER VI. FRom the exterior uterine orifice is the passage to the inner parts and matrix in which the egge is perfected and this passage in other creatures is termed vagina uteri or vulva into which the males penis is transmitted to the matrix But in a Hen this passage is so perplexed and so wrinckled and folded by reason of the laxity of its inward coat that though there be an easie passage from the matrix outward insomuch that a very great egge can come forth without any great difficulty yet that the masculine penis
both But how can there be a commixture of souls if according to Aristotle the soul as being the form be an Act and a Substance For no man can deny but that that thing whatsoever it be which is the Principle and Cause of those Effects which we see produced in a Fertile Egge is a substance susceptible of divers powers forces and faculties as also of several conditions vertues vices health and sicknesse For some Egges are longer lived then others and some do procreate Chickens endowed with the vertues and soundnesse of constitution of the parents and others produce them inclinable to distempers Nor can we for this inconvenience accuse the Matter out of which they are generated since the diseases of the Male are sometimes transferred to the Chickens who is not concerned any thing at all in the Matter of the egge For from the Male the Plastical and Generative faculty onely doth proceed which renders the egge fertile but doth constitute no part of it For the Geniture which is emitted from the Male in Coition doth not enter into the Matrix where the Egge is formed Nor as we have said before and Fabricius also joynes in the Suffrage can it any way penetrate those recesses and much lesse the Ovary which is seated neer the Precincture or Midriffe of the body that so it might communicate any portion of the Matter or any thing at all besides its single Vertue For constant experience testifies that one and the same act of Coition doth fructifie many egges together and not onely those that are existent in the Uterus and the Ovary but those also that are not yet begun as we shall declare hereafter and have already proved in our History If therefore the Egge be rendered Fertile from its own proper soul or be endowed with an innate fructifying principle of its own by which either a dunghil Chicken or a mongrel-issue between the dunghil-Henne and the Cock-Pheasant doth arise and that either Male or Female like the Male or Female-Parent sound or sickly we must then conclude that the Egge even while it is contained in the Ovary doth not live by the Soul of the ●●●ne but is a freeborn Independant Issue from 〈◊〉 very first original As the Acorne taken off from the Tree and the Seed from the Plant are no longer to be counted parts of them but creatures as it were at their own dispose living and subsisting by an inbred vegetative faculty peculiarly their own Now if we affirm that a Fertile Egge hath a soul a question will arise whether that self-same soul be now at present in the Egge and how after in the Chicken or whether their souls be distinct For we must of necessity acknowledge that some Principle there is which doth constitute and nourish the egge and also that there is a Principle which produceth and sustaineth the Chicken The question therefore is whether the Principle or soul of the Egge and Chicken be one and the same or more then one and diverse For if there be more then one soul namely one which belongs to the Egge and another to the Chicken it will be farther enquired whence and at what time the Chickens soul arrives to it And what that is in the Egge which dilates the Cicatricula raises the Yolk to the top and produces that Eye which we call the Colliquamentum alters the Constitution of the liquors and doth predispose all things for the fabrick and structure of the Chicken when as yet there is nothing at all of the chicken existent Whence also can we pretend that proper and convenient Aliment is derived to ●●● Chicken to sustain and augment it when there i● yet no Chicken at all For these operations s●● to belong to the Vegetative soul of the Chicken ●● cause they relate to the Chickens use namely ●● nutrition and Augmentaetion But now when the fabrick of the Chicken is in hand and half-perfected what is it that makes the Foetus One ●● the same thing with the Liquors conjoining the together by continuity and concrescence What is it that feeds and enlarges the Pullus that doth vindicate those juices which are advantageous to its nourishment from Putrefaction preparing melting down and concocting them Since the soul is the Act of an Organical Body which hath life in Potentiâ it is an incredible thing that that soul should be in the Chicken before its body have received any Organization Nor yet can we believe that the soul of the egge the chicken is one and the same for the soul is the Preserver of that thing only whose soul it is but the Puttus and the Egge are two distinct things and do exercise not only distinct vital operations but Contrary in so much that one of them seems to result from the Corruption of the other May we then say that the Cause and Principle of life to them both is one and the same namely to the Chicken which is yet but an Embryo and to the rest of the Egge as if it were the simple and single act of one and the some body or as if out of the parts constituting ●●● natural body one soul did spring which were all in the whole as they say and all in every part As we finde in the Trunk Leaves and Fruits ●●● Tree in which wheresoever we make a separation or division be it in what part it will wee say that the first Cause and Principle of that part ●● the same with that of the Whole as being the Form and End of the One but the Principle only of the Other For so in a Line in what point soever a division be made it will be the End of the ●ore-going part but the Beginning of the subsequent And the same thing may seem to befall in ●●lity and Motion namely in every Transmutation and Generation And so much at present concerning these matters which we shall more exactly and more copiously handle when we treat in General of the Nature of the Soul of the Foetus of any Animal whatsoever as also what it is From whence and when it comes What part it takes first possession of and how it is all in the Whole and all in every part And also how it is the same and yet diverse All which we shall determine and resolve out of multiplied experiments That the Egge is not the Production of the Womb but of the Soul EXER XXVII AS we conclude saith Fabricius the Action of the Stomack to be Chylification and the action of the Testicles to be the Generation of Seed because the Chyle is found in the Stomack and Seed in the Testicles So we positively resolve that the Generation of Egges is the action of the Uterus of the Fowle because the egge is found resident there So then we evidently know and understand which is the Instrument and Place of the Generation of Egges But 〈◊〉 againe since there are two Wombs in a Fowle th● Superior and Inferior and
the Winds the Sun the Heavens Jupiter the Soul and in general Nature which is the Principle of Motion and Rest And so by the same rule Any of the Stoicks who thought the Soul to be fire may decree fire the efficient cause of Animals because fire doth nourish and augment it self and seems in some sort to live at its own dispose and liberty though not our destructive culinary fire but the Natural Celestial Vegetative Generating and Healthy fire which the Heathen worshipped by the name of Jupiter whom they called the Father of Men and Things not his lame Brother Vulcan whose ayd and benefit we notwithstanding daily use in several employments to our great advantage but the divine Animal Spirit the Author of Living creatures And therefore Aristotle saith That this question concerning the Efficient is very dubious namely Whether it be an extrinsecal thing or something inserted in the Geniture or Seed and Whether it be a part of the soul or the soul or something which hath a soul Wherefore that we may deliver and rid our selves of the maze and labyrinth of the manifold Efficient causes in this disquisition of the Efficient of the Chicken we have need of Ariadnes Clew woven and cunningly wrought of the Observations of almost all Creatures living And therefore it is to be deferred to a more general Inquest In the mean time we shall recount those things which relating to the particular generation of the Chicken out of the egge do manifestly appear or are strangers to the common perswasion or else do require any further search How the Efficient cause of the Chicken doth operate according to Aristotle EXERCIT. XLVII ALl men generally confess the Male to be the primary efficient cause in Generation as in whom the Species or Form resides And they farther affirm that his Geniture being emitted in coition doth cause both the being and fertility of the Egge But how the seed of the Cock doth produce the chicken out of the Egge neither the Antient nor Modern Philosophers and Physitians have sufficiently explained nor yet solved the question proposed by Aristotle Nay Aristotle himself hath not done it He saith The Male doth not conduce to the Quantity but the Quality and is Principium Motûs the Principle of Mutation but the Female contributes the matter And a while after Every Male doth not emit seed nor is it any part of the Foetus in those that do emit it As nothing which passeth from the Carpenter contributes to the matter of the Wood nor is there any part of the Carpenters art in that which is made but the form and species doth exist in the matter per motum ab illo by the motion or mutation which proceeds from him Now the soule in which the form and knowledge is moves the hands or other members by the motion of a certain quality which motion is either diverse in such as make a diverse thing or the same in such as make the same But the hands and instruments move the matter So the Nature of the Male which emitteth seed imployes that seed as an Instrument and having motion actually in it as in the productions of Art the Instruments are moved for in them in some sort the motion of Art is implanted By which words he seems to imply that Generation is made by the motion of a certain Quality As in Art though the first cause namely ratio operis the reason or ground of the work be in the soul of the Artist yet afterward the work is effected by the motion of the hands or other Instruments and though the first cause be removed as in automatis things that seem to move of themselves yet is it in some sort said to move that which at present it doth not touch but hath touched formerly so long as the motion goes on in the Instruments And in the following Book he hath these words The seed of the Male when now it hath access into the womb of the Female it doth coagulate and cause a consistence in the purest part of the excrement meaning the menstruous blood residing in the womb and doth transmute the matter which lies ready in the womb by such a motion or mutation that at last though the seed vanish after the motion is performed some part of the foetus is existent and that an animate part as the heart which now doth augment and dispose it self as a Son who is free from his Father and hath taken a house of his own It is necessary therefore that there be some principle by which afterwards the order of the members may be delineated and all things disposed which pertain to the absolution and complement of the Animal and from which growth and motion may arrive to the rest of the parts and be the author of all the similar and dissimilar parts and of their last aliment For that which is now an Animal doth increase but the last aliment of the Animal is blood or something proportionable to blood whose vessels and receptacles are the Veines Now the principle or original of the veines is the Heart But the Veines like Roots extend even to the womb by which the Foetus draweth his aliment The Heart also being the beginning of the whole nature and also the containing End ought to be made first as being a genital part of its own nature which must needs be the first as the original of the rest and of the whole Animal and of Sense in whose heat because all the parts are in the matter potentially since the principle of motion did abide that which follows afterwards is stirred up by it as in those self-moving miracles and the parts are moved not shifting their places but altering in softness hardness heat and other distinctions of similar parts being now actually made which were potentially before This is Aristotles opinion almost word for word by which he conceives the foetus to be made of seed by motion though it do not at present continue touching it but hath touched it formerly a nice opinion and of a fine thread and according to those things which are discovered in the order of the generation of the parts not improbable For the heart together with the ramifications of the Veins is discerned first as being an animate principle in which both sense and motion reside and being also like a free Son and a Genital part by which the order of the member is delineated and all things conducing to the accomplishment of an Animal are disposed and having all those attributes which Aristotle bestowes upon it But it seems impossible that the heart should be made in the egge by the males seed since that seed is neither in the egge nor doth touch nor ever did touch it because it neither enters the womb where the egge is made as Fabricius confesseth nor is any way attracted by it and besides this the mothers blood is not in the egge neither nor any other prepared
presaging the approaching delivery are in part the preparation and disposition of the Childing Woman whereby she may bring forth and in part the scite or proper position of the Infant in order to the Birth As concerning the Position Fabricius saith that it is of a conglobated and inflex figure left the Foetus by his extream and eminent parts might injure the Womb or the conteining membranes and likewise that so he may be comprehended in the lesser roome But I am not of opinion that the foetus doth still observe the same scite or positure of his members in the Womb for the fore-scited causes For he swimmeth in a water and moveth himself to and fro he stretcheth himself now this way and anon that and so is variously inflected and tumbled up and down in so much that sometimes being entangled in his own Navel-string he is strangely insnared True it is that all Animals while they lye still and sleep do for the most part draw in and contract themselves and direct themselves toward an Oval or Conglobated figure So likewise Embryo's which pass their time most in slumbers do compose their bodies in that posture wherein they are formed as being the most natural most easie and most advantagious for their sleep And therefore the Infant in the Womb is commonly found with his Knees drawn up to his Belly his Thighs bent backwards his Feet hanging down and his Hands elevated to his Head whereof the one is placed about his Temples or Ears and the other at his Cheek in which parts there are white spots discovered in the skin as being the signes of his confrication His Spine is bent round and his Neck being inflected his Head hangs neer his Knees The Embryo is scituated with that position of parts wherewith we commonly apply our selves to rest with his Head uppermost and his Face directed towards his mothers Spine But a litle before his Birth his head being bent downwards he dives towards the bottom and the Orifice of the Matrix as if he were seeking his way out So Aristotle All Animals do naturally come into the world with their head formost but those that lye cross or come with their heels formost are unnatural births But yet this is not constant in all Animals but according to their several site or position in the Womb so is their Birth various as in Bitches Sows and other Multiparous Animals And the Great-bellied Women know full well that even the humane Embryo doth sometimes acquire a different scituation when they find the Child kick sometimes above sometimes below and now on this side and at other times on that So also the Matrix being neer delivery doth bear down groweth soft and openeth its Orifice The Waters also as they commonly call them are Gathered that is a certain part of the Chorion in which the fore-said humour is conteined doth usher in the Foetus and slide down from the Matrix into the Vagina or Sheath of the Womb and the neighbouring parts also are loosened and ready to distend also the Articubation of the Holy bone and the Share-bone to the Hanch-bone which Copulation or Articulation is by Synchondrosis or a gristly ligament is so softened and losened that the fore-said bones do easily give way to the parting Infant and by gaping open do amplifie the whole region of the Hypogastrium or Lower belly And when these things are in this condition it is certain that the Birth is at hand And that so the Foetus like a ripe fruit may come forth into the World Nature makes this provision of dilating the parts as she likewise concocteth the Milk which is sent before into the Breasts that the Infant now ready to be born may have his entertainment ready to wellcome him being now to be susteined from without And these are the fore-runners of the Birth Wherefore the Milk is counted amongst the chiefest signes of an imminent birth I mean such Milk which both for store plenty and consistence is convenient to feed the Child which according to Aristotle is never so qualified but neer the time of the Birth and therefore is never found before the seventh moneth Fabricius concludeth upon two queries chiefly in order to the Foetus namely how the birth is and when the last whereof relates to the time of Bearing the first to the manner of the Birth it self The times of bearing are by Aristotle conceived to be various There are saith he peculiar times of bearing to all kind of Animals for the greatest part as long as they live for the race of Animals which is longer liv'd then others must of necessity be more durable But the magnitude of the Animals is by him assigned as the chiefest cause of the variety of the times of bearing For saith he the great fabrick either of Animals or any thing else cannot be easily absolved in a short space Wherefore Mares and those Animals that are of kin to them though they live but a shorter time yet they are longer in bringing forth And therefore the Elephant as they say is two years in her production because of its excessive magnitude But every Animal hath certain bounds of magnitude which it cannot exceed and therefore they have a definit matter out of which they are made he addeth moreover But there is exceeding good reason why Animals do receive the dimension or measure of their times of ingravidation generation and their lives also by certain Circulations Now I call a Circulation a day a night a moneth a year and all those times which are described by them as also the motions of the Moon for these are the common beginnings of Generation to all Animals For it stands to good reason that the Circulations of less principal things should follow the Circulations of more principal And therefore Nature hath defined or limited the generation and decease of Animals by their motions And as the Births of Animals do depend upon the Revolutions or Circuits of the Sun and Moon so do their times of Coition and bearing their young vary and are either more prolixe or breifer The time of going with young saith Aristotle in the same place is enormous onely in Women For all other creatures have some one time but a Woman hath several for a Child may be borne either the Seventh or the Tenth moneth and likewise in the moneths intervening between the Seventh and the Tenth For they that are borne in the Eighth moneth though they do seldom live yet they may live Diverse Animals have indeed a set time of bringing forth and specially in the Spring when the Sun returnes diverse in the Summer and some in the Autumne as the Gristley Fishes And hence it happens that when the time of bringing forth approacheth they direct themselves to their wonted places where they may safely build their Stalls or Nests where they may bring forth cherish and sustaine their young Hence it is that those Winds which