Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	death_n	great_a	king_n	2,913	5	3.6168	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28175	A light to the art of gunnery wherein is laid down the true weight of powder, both for proof and action, of all sorts of great ordnance : also the true ball and allowance for wind, with the most necessary conclusions for the practice of gunnery, either in sea or land-service : likewise the ingredients and making of most necessary fire-works, as also many compositions for the gunner's practice, both at sea and land / by Capt. Thomas Binning ...	Binning, Thomas.	1676 (1676)	Wing B2934A; ESTC R4473	112,096	190

supposeth FG or EK to be the true Ball And I find IE is the true Ball for that Peece and have wrought this as you have it in Folio 28. Wherefore I leave the Ingenious Gunner to judg which of these Experiments are the best and truest CHAP. XIV The Demonstration of the Cannon-Bore and of all other Peeces of Ordnance to the Rabinet by Letters As also the Geometrical Extracting or Deducing of the Wind or Vent of those Peeces whereby you may know the exact Diameter of the true Ball fitting those Peeces   Weight of Ball.   lb lb WA is the Bore of the Cannon-Royal the distance betwixt A and B is the true Vent or Wind that ought to be betwixt the Ball B and the Bore A 64 72 WC is the Bore of the Cannon-Ordinary the Distance CD is the Wind and D the Height of the Ball 48 54 WE is the Bore of the French-Cannon EF the Wind F the Diameter of the Ball 36 40 ½ WG is the Bore of the Demi-Cannon Royal GH the Wind H the Diameter of the Ball 30 33 ¾ WI is the Bore of the Demi-Cannon Ordinary IK the Wind K the Diameter of the Ball 24 27 WL is the Bore of the Culvering or Demi-French Cannon LM the Wind and M the Diameter of the Bore 18 20 ¼ WN is the Bore of the Quarter-Cannon Ordinary NO the Wind and O the Diameter of the Ball 12 13 ½ WP is the Bore of the Demi-culvering PQ the Wind and Q the Diameter of the Ball 8 9 WR is the Bore of a large Sacker RS the Wind and S the Diameter of the Ball 6 6 ¾ WT is the Bore of a Sacker VT the Wind and V the Height of the Ball 5 5 ⅝ WX is the Bore of a Minion XY the Wind and Y the Height of the Ball 3 3 ⅜ WZ is the Bore of a Faucon ZX the Wind and X the Height of the Ball 2 2 ¼ W = is the Bore of a Rabinet = ⊙ the Wind and ⊙ the Height of the Ball 1 1 ⅛ Note In the Column next your left hand you have the Scots Weight of the Ball and in the Column next your right hand you have the English Weight of the same The Ancient and Later Rules given for Gunners to give Powder to great Ordnance of all sorts that are drawn on Carriages According to the custom in former times the loading of Powder In Ancient times it is said That the great Chamber'd-Guns that shot Stone-Ball had for their ordinary one pound of Powder to three pound and half or at most four pound weight of their Ball. This was certainly the first Invention of Guns and in regard they could not cast Iron they made their Guns as Coopers do Cask with Staves of Iron and Hoopes Likewise that those Guns that shot Iron-Ball most have to every three pound of Iron-Ball one pound of Powder and this they held for a general Rule not examining the Fortification of their Peeces Now at this time Powder was made of all the three Ingredients equal and therefore could not be strong But afterward it was found that all sort of Field-Ordnance not being Chamber'd but true Bored should be loaded in this manner to wit The Gunner shall take the Diameter of the Ball or the Diameter of the Bore of the Peece with a pair of Compasses and this Diameter three times the Gunner must set off upon his Gun from the Touch-hole toward the Mussel which distance being fil'd with Powder then said they One pound of Powder was allowed to two pound of Ball this was the Rule of the Primitive Gunners But now in our time Powder is so variously made and the difference is such that it is hardly possible to the best Judgment to give a true Rule what Powder is sufficient either for Proof or Action and therefore the Gunner ought to try his Powder before he load his Peece for it is beyond all question that if the Powder be decayed there must be more of it used than of fresh dry Powder but if Powder be of his Majesties Tower-Proof as I am informed that then the Gunner need not take near so much Powder to shoot among a party of Men not being at a great distance as the Peece would crave to batter a Fortification or Wall or Gate or Ship But because the young Gunner that is not yet experimented in his Practice may be taught how he shall load all manner of Guns and that it is to be understood that ordinarily those that will be called Gunners though not known in the Art use to load their Guns with half the weight of the Ball of Powder this they hold for a general Rule to all Guns which Rule is not to be slighted on some occasions with true-Bored true-Fortified Ordnance yet it may be said they have this by Tradition to hold this Rule without adding to reinforc'd Ordnance or deducting from those that are lessened of Metal so that by this they not having any other Rule discover their own nakedness or emptiness of Art for I am perswaded that no experienced Gunner but will hold that the Gunner ought to search try and find the Nature and Fortification of a Gun or Guns before he do hold himself obliged to give a Gun Powder and thereby to prove a true Charge of Powder for the same CHAP. XV. The Reasons why I give Guns Powder according to their Fortifications THese first Rules were derived from the weight of Ball but since the Rules were made from the weight of the Peece for they held generally that four ounces of Pouder was sufficient for the Gunner to give a Brass Gun to every hundred weight for Service and three ounces to every hundred weight of Iron Guns Neither this nor the other being right for I have seen Trumpet-bored Iron Guns of 1200 weight that could not have half the alowed Powder that either of these Rules did allow of And likewise I read the Cause of the death of King James the second of Scotland was by the breaking of a great Gun at the Siege of Rosbrugh For these and the following Reasons I do not hold with that common received Rule than which many Gunners know no better but to give Ordnance Powder by the weight of the Gun For if there be a Peece of Ordnance of Iron weighing 1600 pound weight likewise there is another Peece of the same Bore and of the same weight Now by the Rule of weight it must have the like Powder Great Cautions to be observed in giving Guns Powder But will you consider for your Instruction this Peece is longer and having no more Metal in her than the other of necessity she must be thinner of Metal for what she hath of the length she must want of her thickness the Bore being both of one denomination and since she is thinner it followeth she must not have so much Powder as the other That Guns ought to be proportioned in