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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A20993	A treatise of the court or Instructions for courtiers Digested into two books. Written in French by the noble, and learned iuris-consull Monsr Denys de Refuges, Councellor of Estate, and many tymes ambassador (in foraigne parts) for ye two last French kings his masters* Done into English by Iohn Reynolds.; Traicté de la cour. English	Refuge, Eustache de, d. 1617.; Reynolds, John, fl. 1621-1650.	1622 (1622)	STC 7367; ESTC S100002	184,993	492

nor repine at their aduancement 2 It was the aduise and Councell which Germanicus on his death-bed gaue Aggripina not to prouoke those Great men who are in Credit and fauour the which shee not following occasioned the ruine of her selfe and children 3 Wherefore it is most necessary for a Courtier to know in what degree of fauour he is with his Prince in comparison of others and not to iudge so much of exteriour shewes as by the causes of their fauour 4 Craterus and Hephestion for a time seemed to be equally in Credit with Alexander who tearmed Craterus the Kings friend and Hephestion Alexanders wherein notwithstanding Craterus might well obserue that Princes most commonly are more subiect to their wils and inclinations then they are for that which is requisite for the Dignitie of their Office and Greatnesse that he likewise who affects his Dignitie if he be beloued of the Prince is yet lesse beloued of him then he who doth affect wholly tie himselfe to his Person which more neerly concerneth the Prince then his Dignitie and if in the quarell of Craterus Hephestion which diuided al the Court Alexander bare himself as a Neutre reprouing sharply both the one and the other and equally threatning to punish them if hereafter they continued their contentions it was rather a point of his Wisedome and Iudgement to quench this quarrell and the slames which this diuision would haue enkindled if it had continued then any way a witnesse of his equall affection towards them publikely reprouing Hephestion to diminish the Enuse was conceiued against him and Craterus priuately to auoid that the greatest part of the Macydonians who were for him mought not be incensed and offended which indeede is the true rule and order that Princes should obserue in the like accidents 5 But to come to the consideration of the degree of fauour which we are in vnder our Prince in comparison of others it is obserued it was one of the first saults which Anto●●ius Primus committed whereof wee haue formerly spoken to emulate and contest against Mucianus without considering and obseruing that he was more in fauour and reputation with Uespasian and whom Tacitus reporteth it was more dangerous to disdaine and discontent then V●spasian himselfe 6 And it is a matter apparantly knowne in all Courts that contempt conceiued against the Fauorites of Princes are commonly more reuenged then those we offer the Prince himselfe whereof Dion giues reason and instance speaking of Se●anu● 7 For as those saith he who enioy some Dignitie through their ow●e vertues and merits they do not curiously affect hunt after those vaine respects and cerimonies which are commonly vsed and yeelded in Court towards Great Personages so those who hunt after honours to ouer vaile their low descent and condition doe very impatiently beare and esteeme it an in●urie offered them wh●n that respect is not giuen them which the rancke of the Prin●es fauour towards them deserueth From whence it followes that it is more difficult to entertaine and maintaine friendship with these then with the Prince himselfe who in pardoning iniuries may increase and augment his reputation whereas these beleeue that in doing the like it will bee reputed and attributed to bee feare and weakenesse in them and that there is no better meanes to demonstrate and settle their power then to pursue and chastice those who forget themselues and their duties CHAP. XXIV 1 Pride in the execution of an Office is odious to a Prince who often punisheth it the Example of Aluaro de Luna bereon 2 The sixth cause of a Courtiers disgrace is the hatred of the Commons and the enuie of Great men against him 3 The examples of vnfortunate Fauorites who haue beene put to death 4 5 6 Insidelitie is the seuenth cause of a Courtiers disgrace 7 It is very difficult to know the secrets of a Prince 8 The censure of Phillipides on those who reueale their Princes secrets 9 The opinion of Hieron Prince of Syracush hereon 1 PRide is not only insupportable towards Great men but also it very often ouerthrowes these who practise it towards those of a meaner rancke and condition Aluaro de Luna bastard of Arragon was so highly beloued and fauoured of Iohn King of Arragon that this King out of his owne free will and pleasure stole out of the hands of his Grandos purposely to commit his Person and Affaires soly to him in the managing and conduction whereof he bore himselfe so imperiously and insolently that he caused a Gentleman to be throwne out at window who from the King spake some thing to him which hee distasted in recompence whereof the King afterwards caused him to bee beheaded and so chastised the pride of this Ambitious Prince 2 Another cause of a Courtiers disgrace is when through his loftie carriage he incurres the hatred of the Commons or of the Nobles either against himselfe or the Prince his M●ster for then either his Master is resolued to bee ridde of him or other Courtiers to ruine and ouerthrow him 3 Commodus was constrained to put Cleander to death who gouerned all his affaires vnder him to appease the fury of the Citizens of Name against whom Cleander had armed the Emperours guard 4 Eutropius the Fauorite of Arcadius being the cause of the reuolt of Tribigildus was by his Master abandoned to his en●mies thereby to pacifice them 5 Commodus being hated for excessiuely louing a●fecting Aternus the Emperours chiesest seruants resolued one night when this young man was retourning to his lodging to surprise and kill him as they did 6 Infidelitie in bewraying the secrets of our Prince and to be of intelligence with his enemies is also one of the most iust and infalliable causes of a Courtiers ruine and yet o●e of the most common delicts and faults that is committed aswell through Leuitie Indiscretion and Vanitie as through Treacherie 7 For the first I say that the greatest point of Wisdome in a Courtier is not to insorme himselfe of his Princes secrets and not to intru●e himselfe or to be too busie to vnderstand them except in presence of others because if it happen we are alone when the Prince acquainteth vs therewith and that through discourse drawne from the Condition or Estate of affaires there runne a report which in many points come neer it presently the ●●●● will suspect ye to haue reuealed it and to be the Authour thereof or it may also happen that the Prince hauing disclosed the same matter to another either whether he remember it or whether he esteeme the other to be more secret then your selfe although he I say doe reueale it yet the Prince may suspect you to be guiltie thereof rather then the other 8 Phillipides the Comicke Poet being more fauoured and beloued of King Lyssimachu● then any of his Courtiers being on a time demanded by the said King whereof he was desirous to haue any part made this answere Of any thing you please

thereof Fol. 77 CHAP. XVIII 1. Our first remedie against iniuries offered vs by great men is to conferre very respectiuely with them 2. The second to desemble patiently 3 4. Considerations hereon 5. Of those who are our enemies because wee haue formerly offended them 6 7. Aduice hereon with consideration and meanes how to beare our selues herein 8. That commonly feare rather then reuenge more violently exasperates our enemies against vs. 9. How to appease his passion and violence 10. Another way is to assist our enemies in their affaires that thereby they may become our friends Example of Agesilaus herein 11. A common subtiltie of Courtiers in this cause 12. Another fetch and subtiltie of Eutrapelus and what it was 13. Another fetch against our enemie is to second him in his euill intents thereby to ruine him 14. That wee must assist our enemy if wee cannot hinder or ●nnoy him 15. An excellent example hereon 16. Another example and expedient to preuent that hee wrong vs not 17. Another meanes for vs in plaguing our enemy is to oppose one that is a greater enemy to him then our selfe with a very pertinent example hereon to the same effect of Gerlac Archbishop and Elector of Mentz vpon the election of Adolphus Earle of Naslaw to the Empire Fol. 81 CHAP. XIX 1. Of enuious people the eighth part of this Booke and how to beare our selues towa●ds them 2 3. Remedies against enuie to make common that which is desired or enuied ● Another remedie to ●●oyde vanitie and superstition and that which accompanieth it 5. Considerations thereon 6 7. To make our selues intreated to receiue that we wish and desire Example hereof in Cardinall X menes 8. Considerations vpon this example by another of Constantine the Mesopolitan● Fol. ●● CHAP. XX. 1 Of Competitors or Emulators who are lesse malitious then the enuious 2. That they are wonne and purchased either through honour or vanitie 3 4. How to beare ourselues with them 5. Publike sutes are odious 6 7. Sure Councell and meanes on these sutes 8. Wee must not be an Emulator or Contendant with one more fauoured then ourselues Example of Lepidus and Seianus hereon 9. That Iustice vsually is of lesse power in Court then fauour Fol. 92 CHAP. XXI 1. The ninth deuision of this second Booke containing considerations vpon the examples of those who haue bin disgraced at Court 2. The causes of our fauour and of the deminishing of our repu●ation in Court 3. Of fauour proceeding from a Courtiers owne default 4. Enterprises attempted by Fauorites against their Prince being the true and first cause of their ruine 5. Aduice and precaution for a Fauorite to support himselfe 6. 7. The description of a Courtier in the Example of Seianus 8. The issue of Seianus his ambition 9 10. Considerations of hi● Ambition and of Tiberius his proceedings being more subtill then himselfe 11. Ambition is commonly rash and impudent 12. Tiberius founded the affections of his great ones before he enterprised any thing against Seianus 13 14. The subtiltie of Tiberius to intrappe Seianus 15. Those who stand betwixt hope and feare are more irresolute and easie to be surprisde 16 17 18. The policie of Tiberius to ruine Seianus 19 20. The downefall and ruine of Seianus 21 Another example of the downefall and ruine of Perrinis being fauorites to the Emperour Commodus 22. The designes and machynations of a subiect against his Prince very seldome take effect how cunningly soeuer compacted 23 24 25 26. The example of Boylas being fauorite to the Emperours of Constantinople and his designes c. 27. A subiects pride is alwaies odious to his Prince Fol. 96 CHAP. XXII 1. The tenth deuision of this Booke containing the causes of disgrace neare the Prince 2 3. The first cause is of boasting and reproaching our seruices done with Examples hereon 4. The second cause is to reproue or complaine of the Prince his Actions 5. The third cause is to reueale and abuse secrefie and to desire wee make knowne we gouer●e the Prince Example of Thurinus a seller of smoake vnder the Emperour Heliogabalus 6 The fourth cause is not to contend with Nobles or great men either through pride or vanitie Example hereon of Plan tianus 7. Example of Enguerrand of Marigny 8. The fifth cause is to be an Instrument of deuision among the Nobles with an example thereon Fol. 110 CHAP. XXIII 1. That we must not contend with those who are more fauoured in Court then ourselues 2. The councell of Germanicus to Aggrippina hereon 3. A Courtier must know in what degree of fauour hee is with h● Prince ● The Courtier who is lincked to the will of his Prince is better beloued then he who is wedded to his interest dignitie reputation Example hereof in the quarrell of Craterus and Hephestion and the wisdome of Alexander in reconciling them 5. Considerations vpon the degrees of fauor which the Courtier hath in his Prince 6. Our contempt of Fauorites is more reuenged then towards the Prince 7. The reason of this consideration yeelded by Dion the Historiographer Fol. 114 CHAP. XXIV 1. Bride in the execution of an Office is odious to a Prince who after punish●th it the Example of Aluaro de Luna hereon 2. The sixth cause of a Courtiers disgrace is the hatred of the Commons and the enuy of great men against him 3 4 5. The examples of vnfortunate Fauorites who haue been put to death 6. Infidelitie is the seuenth cause of a Courtiers disgrace 7. It is very difficult to know the secrets of a Prince 8. The censure of Phil lippides on those who reueale their Princes secrets 9 The opinion of Hieron Prince of Syracusa hereon Fol 11● CHAP. XXV 1. Inteligence with his Masters enemies is the eighth cause of a Courtiers disgrace 2. Example of Cardinall Balue hereon his descent and aduancement 3. Example of Cardinall Du Prat and his subtiltie 4. Example of a Cardinall of the Emperour Frederick 5. Another example of Stilica Fol. 121 CHAP. XXVI 1. The ninth cause of a Courtiers disgrace is when hee is the Author of pernitious counsell 2. The examples of Stilica and Olympius 3. The Court Fauorite should rather councell Peace then Warre 4. Examples hereon and the subtiltie of Jouius to ingage his Master in Warre and yet to free himselfe from enuy Fol. 124 CHAP. XXVII 1. The eighth deuision of this Booke containing a Courtiers disgrace procured and occasioned three manner of waies by our Enemies Enuiers or Emulators 2. By absenting him whom we would disgrace which is effected many waies 3. To auoide quarrels without pretext of an honourable Commission Example on this pretext 4. To auoyde enuie and iealousie Example of Tiberius who withdrew himselfe to Rhodes 5. Or of our selues by the command of our Prince 6. Or when wee will withdraw one from an Office who is farre off 7 8. Examples hereon 9. To cause him to be sent farre off thereby more easily to callumniate

giuen to his Prince proues contrary to his expectation 7 8 In vnlawfull matters the b●st way is to deferre and to take time to giue Councell 9 An Example hereon 10 How wee must practice the said Example 1 NEither must wee entermeddle to councell a proud Prince although he demaund vs if we can any way well excuse or shift our selues thereof for such Princes commonly aske councell in the same manner as did X●xes who resoluing to passe into Greece to make warre assembled the Princes of Asia vnder colour to deliberate and consult thereof and because quoth he I will not bee seene to vndertake this enterprise of mine owne head I haue heere conuoked yee yet remember notwithstanding that ye ought rather obey then consult Canbyses who raignd before him ouer the Persians being resolued to marry his owne Sister demaunded of his Priuie Councellors if there were any Law in Persia that defended a King to marrie his owne Sister the Councell knowing that this Pr●nce demanded not this question to bee resolued what hee shou●d doe but to sound and discouer if they would approue this his marriage made answere that there was no Law which permitted it but that they had another Law which tollerated their King to doe what he pleased So wee must iudge of the Princes humour and inclination and of the nature of the cause and whether wee ought consult and deliberate on that whereof he but in shew or fo fashion sake demaunds our aduice 2 In our Fathers time a man farre inferiour to the qualitie and dignitie of a King and yet Vice-roy in Spaine made the Grandos of that Countrie know that all which was preposde in Councell must not bee executed The Historie is thus After the Death of King Ferdinand Charles of Austria beeing in Flanders was councelled by the Pope and the Emperour Maxim●lsa● to take vpon him the Title of King of Spaine although that lane his Mother Daughter of F●rdinand were liuing because by reason of her indisposition shee was not capable to commaund and gouerne to approue which proposition the Grandos of the Kingdome assembled to whom the Cardinall Xi●enes being Uice-roy opened and dilated his Reasons whereby this new proposition might bee approoued and maintained but the Nobles more icalous of the preseruation of their fundamentall Lawes and of her Honour who was their lawfull Queene as true and faithfull Councellors to him to whom aft●r their Qu●enes decease the Kingdome rightfully and properly appertained openly contradicted and opposde it which made the Cardinall Ximenes arise from his ●eate and tell them in choller that the matter in hand consisted of a businesse which must not be made questionable or doubtfull and which needed not their aduice the consent of subiects being not necessarie to authorise or seate a King in his Estate but that he had onely conuoked them for their ewne profits and good where of he was still careful to the end that by approuing this election they might thereby gaine their Prince his fauour but sith they attributed that to priuiledge and right which was curteouslie both expected and requested of them he was speedily resolued to cause him to be proclaimed King in Mad●id to the end that other Cities might follow her Example 3 And it is not onely in the like occasions that Princes practise and vse the same but almost in all others for they very seldome aske aduice except it be to haue their owne desires and resolutions approued or to sound their affections and wills of whom they make shew to bee aduised and councelled and this Tiberius commonly practised in the Senat of Rome 4 A Courtier must therfore striue to know the intent and meaning of his Prince and auoid as much as in him lyes to ingage himselfe in any aduise and councell which may be ill construed and mistaken 5 Wherefore doubting of the intent and desire of the Prince his master he must make shew to examine the businesse that is prepos'd him and must present him reasons Pro Con. whereof if possible he can he must leaue him the choice without concluding any thing for if the Prince be not as yet fully resolued seeing these reasons contrary to his designes to be most probable and powerful it may so chance that he wil easily be induced to change his opinion and resolution 6 And this Euill that we tearme Shame which often retaines Great men from changing their resolutions fearing thereby to shew themselues Inferiours to those who counsell them will not withhold them because therein there was nothing fully concluded and resolued on and whereby a Courtier may warrant and secure himselfe from a checke that may be giuen him if his aduise hauing beene followed there had befallen any thing contrary to the will and pleasure of the Prince his Master 7 But if the Prince following his owne first resolution meet not with the fruition of his desires the Courtier hath then this aduantage to haue fore-seene and shewne his Prince the Euill that he might haue auoided by weighing remembring and considering the reasons he formerly gaue him 8 But where we are importuned by our Prince to giue him our aduise in vnlawfull matters there we must finde meanes to deferre it or else humbly request him to call a third man on the place to consult and deliberate thereon to the end that it being maturely considered and debated he may take that resolution which shall be most answerable to his dignitie and securitie 9 Of which first Bur●hus made vse the first time when Nero resolued to murther his mother Offering himselfe to be executed for this Paracyde if it were found shee had at tempted that whereof shee was accused shewing him that before it were proued and made apparant hee ought not condemne his mother nor to be readyer to punish her then any other particular person to whom hee still permitted and allowed they should haue time and leaue both to defend and answer their accusations whereby it fell out that the time imployed to discouer and finde out this fact not only cooled and appeased Nero's choller but likewise cleered his distrusts and iealousie and so by this delay Burrhus for this first time diuerted the effecting of this his Masters bloody and impious resolution 10 But we must not vse and practise this in all sorts of affaires but rather seldome and sparingly and in these only which are most ambiguous and doubtfull and withall we must consider to what Princes wee make these delaies For some are quicke and ready and so great enemies to delaies protractions and difficulties that those who frequently vse these delaies are commonly cast out of fauour and disgraced CHAP. IX 1 Remedies against the rashnesse and forwardnes of a Prince vpon deferring to counsell him to knowe how to abound in expedie●ts 2 Princes doe vsually rather aske Councell to bring their Purposes to passe then to knowe wbat is necessarie and expedient to doe 3 Consideration vpon the meanes taken from