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A19459 A briefe ansvver vnto certaine reasons by way of an apologie deliuered to the Right Reuerend Father in God, the L. Bishop of Lincolne, by Mr. Iohn Burges wherin he laboureth to prooue, that hauing heretofore subscribed foure times, and now refusing (as a thing vnlawfull) that he hath notwithstanding done lawfully in both. Written by VVilliam Couell, Doctor in Diuinitie. Covell, William, d. 1614? 1606 (1606) STC 5880; ESTC S108879 108,616 174

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derided our fathers in the christian faith for preaching beleeuing in him who was crucified vpon the crosse by which all vertuous and pure both men and times were so farre from being discouraged in their profession by the ignominie of the crosse as that thereby they rather reioyced and tryumphed in it yea the holy Ghost so farre honored the dispised name of the crosse amongst the Iewes that vnder it was contained all the suffering the merits the fruites and the comforts of Christs death From hence proceedeth a reuerend vse and estimation of the signe of the crosse in the Apostles time signing hereby not onely themselues when they met with the Iewes but their children which were baptised to dedicate them by badge as it were to his seruice whose benefits bestowed vpon them were contained vnder that name and procured vnto man by Christs death vpon the crosse But time corrupting often with staines of superstition the best things for if Christ tell Peter If I wash thee not thou shalt haue no part with mee Peter will answere Lord not my feete only but my hands and my head so apt are we to ouerdoe that which wee finde to bee profitable vnto vs The signe of the crosse in the more ignorant times of the church that followed after became so loaden with a continuall and necessarie obseruation full of superstitious Idolatry as if it had beene for all occasions a compleate armour to euery Christian and that nothing could bee well either begun continued or ended that was not first hallowed with this signe From which ignorant opinion blemishing a thing of vertuous and good vse the Church of England desiring to free the signe of the Crosse doth not commaund or allow the publick vse at any other time but in Baptisme and that first as no part of the substance of that Sacrament adding any thing to the vertue or perfection of Baptisme Secondly nor as a meanes of admitting of any into Christs flock but as a lawfull outward ceremony and honorable badge whereby the Infant is dedicated to the seruice of him that dyed vpon the crosse In respect whereof the very name hath and shall bee honorable amongst all true christians to the worlds end and therefore your comparison of those in the conuocation for making of this Canon to them in the councell of ARMINE might haue beene well spared seeing the perticulers of both beeing duely waighed wise men may easily perceiue the beginnings the proceedings and the conclusion to bee farre vnlike and therfore I must tel you though not with so much seuerity as the cause deserueth you could not with all your studie haue found out a comparison more vnbefitting this cause more presumptuously iniurious to the King and the whole Church which that the reader may better vnderstand wee will briefly set downe as others haue done from the begining to the end the proceeding of that councell After CONSTANTINES death whose wisdom supprest the greatest heresy whose vertue taught the whole world religion CONSTANTIVS his sonne raigned one rather seeming not so euill as hee was then beeing in trueth so vertuous as hee seemed whom to haue setled in a right opinion in his Fathers time had beene a duety of good seruice toward God a meane of peace and quietnesse to the church of Christ a labour easie and peraduenture as pleasing as the suggestion of those who were the vnnaturall corruptions of a well disposed sonne of so vertuous a father CONSTANTIVS by the perswasion of the ARRIANS deuised to assemble all the Bishops of the whole world about their great controuersie but in two seue●all places the Bishops of the West at ARIMINA in Italy the Eastern at SELVCIA the same time amongst them of the East there was no stoppe they agreed without any great adoe gaue their sentence against heresie excommunicated some cheefe maintainers thereof and sent the Emperour word what was done whom doubtlesse it much offended not that an heresie of that nature could not from the authoritie of wisdome obtaine strength which it is like had not beene so much fauoured by him if hee had not esteemed the daunger in the word to bee little whilest their meaning as they pretended in sence was all one but I lay the greatest part of the blame for this euill vpon AELIV● LEONTIVS Bishoppe of ANTIOCH that fauoured the ARRIANS for mildnesse and yeelding in some Bishops made the whole church bee troubled with that herisy who scratching his head white for age said whē this snow is melted there will bee much durt as if the bishops which were to succed him would not suffer the same Hymnes it is like of gloria patri agreeable to the Nycen councel which he did they had at Armine foure hundred which held the trueth scarce of the aduerse part foure score But these obstinate and the other wearie of contending with them thereupon by both it was resolued to send to the Emperour such as might informe him of the cause and declare what hindered their peaceable agreemēt there are chosen on the Catholick side such men as had in them nothing to be noted but boldnesse neither grauitie nor learning nor wisdome The Arrians for the credit of their faction take the eldest the best experienced the most warie and the longest practised Veterans they had amongst them the Emperour coniecturing of the rest on either part by the quality of them whom he saw sent them speedily away and with them a certaine confession of faith ambiguously and subtilly drawne by the Arrians whereunto vnlesse they all subscribed they should in no case bee suffered to depart from the place where they were whereby many vexed with hunger and violent detention yeelded vp their conscience as captiue to those penalties that were vrged vpon them yet as it seemeth by some others what error soeuer was concluded in that councell was rather from the obscurity of the Greek word then from any penaltyes of which Saint Hierom saith thus Ingemuit totus orbis se Arrianū esse miratus est Now what can there be in the late graue and reuerend conuocation of the clergie of England answerable to this councell First for any thing that I know there was amongst them no faction Secondly they dealt not deceitfully with the king to obtaine an allowance of what they concluded Thirdly no mn was vrged by compulsion or detained vpon penalties to giue his consent onely in this one thing peraduenture not vnlike that the councell of Nyce had on her side foure hundred whereas the Arrians these inuentors of new opinions had not foure score besides I doubt not but what was practised with the Emperour in this councel the contrarie was done with the King at the conuocation and so consequently you haue little reason to thinke that they were vsed as the good fathers at the councell of Armine for all men see that such as the Catholicks made choyce of as Embassadors for their part to the
who should discern betwixt the cleane and vncleane whose power is to bynd loose who by an other Canon is tyed to suspend from the communion euery notorious offendour must pronounce an assured hope of this mans happynes and pray to be consummate blessed with him which is to speak good of euill and which god abhorreth to iustifie the wicked ANSVVERE AS in a great variety of Iewels affection iudgment do not easely agree which to valew and esteeme of most worth so amongst al those vertues the true ornaments of a Christian life which seuerally are deuided vnto Christian men all being excellent it cannot easily be determined which exceedeth but leauing the rest and following the blessed contention which Saint Paule maketh concerning Faith Hope and Charitie wee say Abraham testifyeth for the first who beleeued and it was accounted vnto him for righteousnesse Enoch taught the assurance of Hope who religiously expecting a better life gaue beginning to the publicke inuocation of Gods name Lastly the patterne of true Charitie was Christ himselfe whole loue being stronger then death held him vpon the crosse whom Death was not able to hold in the graue nay God maketh Loue to be himselfe in that hee maketh himselfe to bee loue and who so abideth in loue to abide in God and God in him and howsoeuer there can be no Christian life where these three remayne not Fayth Hope and Charitie yet the greatest of these is Charitie For if we had all faith so that wee could remooue mountaines yet if wee wanted Charitie we were nothing Faith is the foundation of the Spirituall building of Gods house Charitie the roofe without which the best are but as houses vncouered that cannot long continue there is no iust reason to denie our loue vnto our brethren of the same promise who are the sonnes and hoyres of the same life with vs except sin nay though they sinne which wee ought not to loue in them yet we are not warranted to leaue off our loue thogh they leaue not sin For euen out of this vertue of charitie we can afforde them a couering to make their sins in our opinion to seeme lesse Charitie still directing vs in other mens falles for to hope the best And therfore euen those whom wee ought to excommunicate if we had authoritie we dare not pronounce as absolutely cut off from the attainement of euerlasting life the one is the discipline of the Church to cut off for a time that which is euill the other is our peculiar charitie to hope that that may be good which is cut off And therefore such men who haue no other interest in their brethren but to hope and to speake the best thing● can no way receiue preiudice if following the commaundement of the Church they pronounce of all liuing within her bosome a sure and certaine hope of resurrectio to eternall life And pray to haue with them their perfect consummation and blisse not taking vnto them the exact iudgement of God himselfe who onely knoweth such as belong vnto him in which men may erre as well though not so easily nor so often in those of much outward holinesse as in them that are openly prophane and therefore in both we thinke and speake onely as we are warranted by Hope Wherein if our charitie shall exceed the happinesse of any that so dyeth it shall be no hurt to our soule to pray to haue our perfect consummation and blisse with him of whom charitie made vs so to hope and to speake though he be not saued this being the intention of our prayer that all dying in the bosome of the Church shall haue part in the triumphant with whom we desire from the communion of Saints to partake not as they in Gods secret iudgement may bee for so wee thinke it not lawfull to speake of the best that are but as our charitie maketh vs to hope of them and as the church teacheth vs to speak with this our brother and all other departed in the true faith of his holy name for so we suppose him to be for howsoeuer his sinnes may be manifest and publick in this life yet we dare not esteem him in death impenitent neither can any authoritie belonging to vs so warrant vs to distinguish betwixt the cleane and the vncleane but that in charity we may both hope and speake better then the secret iustice of god will permit and yet neither speake good of euill seing we thinke as we speake nor iustifie the wicked seeing we acquitt but them whome we haue no authority to condemne following in all things a christian charity which there is litle feare should be ouermuch especially in these dayes wherein it it is prophesied that it shall wax cold APOLOGY THese are mine exceptions for as for some incommodious phrases and speeches I hold it my duety to take them in the fairest sense till cause be giuen to suspect a worse and now my Lord I humbly beseech you to consider that I haue not reuoked my former subscriptions but onely refused a new that I had reason for that I did and that which I doe that the interpretation of ambiguous things make them good or euill that it is neither straunge nor vnfit to chaunge the iudgment as the euidence chaungeth And if I can obtaine any thing of your Lordship let me craue the repute of an honest man how ignorant or deceiued soeuer you take me to be And for the rest I will now speak as a dying man counting my selfe after twenty yeares ministery painfully I thank god peaceably as his church knoweth would god I could add fruitefully spent in the churches seruice vtterly cast out of seruice and of all me●●●s of maintenance charged with a wife and ten children in a poore estate ANSVVER THere are few cōsiderations that more effectually do moue pittie then where the innocēt are wraped in a misery procured by the offence of others and I confesse for my owne parte I neuer heard or thought of the iust depriuation of any of tollerable desert but I hartily lamented that those things should seeme so greuous in their iudgment as to defraude the church of God of their best indeauours and to sylence themselues from the preaching of the gospell that might be through a blessing so benificiall to many being imposed by a woe could hardly be neclected without a curse This hath made me earnestly and oftē to pray that the thirst of Innouation increased in many by the comming of his maiesty vnto this kingdome did not inforce men through the euill counsell of some hypocriticall brethren Iealously to suspect and malitiously to depraue the cerimonies and gouernment of the church when they had least cause And amongst those manifould misteries which accompanyed the King into this land this is not the least that when a strong continuance of a setled truth dispersing all wandering opinions vnder a learned prince was more then hopefully