Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	death_n	effect_n	sin_n	5,950	5	6.1321	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05257	The art of rhetorick concisely and compleatly handled exemplified out of holy writ, and with a compendious and perspicuous comment, fitted to the capacities of such as have had a smatch of learning, or are otherwise ingenious. By J.B. master of the free-school of Kinfare in Staffordshire.	Barton, John, master of the free school of Kinfare.	1634 (1634)	STC 1540; ESTC S114943	28,902	66

off thy sinnes by righteousnesse and thine INIQUITIES by shewing m●rcy unto the poore I answered that in th● word INIQUITIES was a Synechdoche● the generall word Iniquitie being put for Oppression one kinde of iniquitie whereby I clear●● the place from seeming to confirm the Popish doctrine of making satisfaction for our sinnes by our works for which purpose that place was alledged● and shewed that it did import no more then th●t speech of Isaiah Cease to do evil learn to do well I will not multiplie examples Reader thi● Tract having been proved and approved as a sufficient mean to instruct any indifferent wit that will bestow pains in serious meditation and conference with a scholar in the knowledge of the art I am bold to commend to thy use if tho● shalt need it and commit unto thy love if tho● shalt esteem it Farewell If thou sayest I ha●e made my gates too big know I did it that my book might have the better passage But now I shut them up resting thine in the hope and endeavour of better services IOHN BARTON THE Art of RHETORICK CHAP. I. Sect. I. RHETORICK is the a skill of using daintie words and comely deliverie whereby to work upon mens affections It hath two parts Adornation and Action Adornation consisteth in the sweetnesse of the phrase and is seen in Tropes and Figures A b Trope is an affecting kinde of speech altering the native signification of a c word In a Trope are to be considered 1. The Kindes 2. The Affections There be foure kindes of Tropes 1. Substitution 2. Comprehension 3. Comparation 4. Simulation The Comment a That is to say It is the Art of trimming decking garnishing the Oration with fine wittie pithie moving pleasing words cla●ses and sentences in the passages and style of speech b This word Trope is as much as to say a borrowed speech so that when any word leaves his native that is his proper signification ●●d assumes a borrowed we say it is Tropicall Although some speeches are grown so common that they are taken to be proper as Correct me O Lord for Chastise me O Lord the Effect for the Cause but so usuall that few perhaps would note it c See Note 6. Sect. 2. SUbstitution is a borrowed speech by an accidentall a relation It is either Perfect or Elliptick b Perfect Substitution is when the word wherein the Trope lies is cast away in the c Resolution And it is fourefold 1. First of the Cause 2. Of the Effect 3. Of the Subject 4. Of the Adjunct or Accident Substitution of the Cause is two wayes 1. First when the d Efficient cause is put for the effect Gen. 4.7 a Sinne lieth at the doore Ezra 4. 7. The writing was in the Syrian a tongue 1. Tim. 6. 6. Godlinesse is a gain So when the Author e Principall or Famous in a thing is used for that which is wrought or brought in by him or named from him Act. 21.21 They are informed tha● thou teachest to forsake a Moses Psal. 14.7 a Iacob shall rejoyce and a Israel shall be glad 2. Secondly when the Materiall Cause is used for the Effect Psal. 105. 8. He was laid in● iron The Comment a Relation is when a thing in any respect hath reference to another An accidentall Relation I call that which continues onely while they are Tropes or otherwise they are not necessarily considered together as Sinne is put for horrour punishment Tong●● for language Gain for gainfull Moses for the Law Iacob and Israel for the Israelites Iron for fetters Now there may be sinne where there is no horrour or punishment considered Gain may be considered abstractively that is by it self and not in a subject as there may be vertue justice though there were none just so there may be a tongue without language as in beasts Iacob might have been though no Israelites after him Moses though no Law Iron though no fetters But in Synechdoches there is a true Relation considered whether they be Tropes or no the Genus must have his Species and the whole his parts and contrarily These do subsist one in another In a word Substitution is from things that have but an affinitie Comprehension from things that have a consanguinitie b Note from this example that in some Metonymicall Relations the Cause and Effect Subject and Adjunct may perhaps be hard to conceive for unlesse to scholars it is not so readie to be apprehended that gain is the cause of gainfull though indeed it is for what makes gainfull but gain c The resolving of a Trope is the changing of it to a plain speech for instance The writing was in the Syrian language This now you see is made a plain speech by putting away the borrowed word tongue and resuming language whi●h was meant by tongue This I call a Perfect Resolution because I come directly to my word again d The Efficient Cause is whereby a thing is made or done the Material Cause whereof e Note that it is one thing when the Principall is considered as the Cause another as the Subject another as a Part. Instance Israel fought with Amalek If here by Amalek and Israel I mean their succeeding race themselves being dead it is a Metonymie of the Cause but if I mean by them their armies themselves being at home it is a Metonymie of the Subject If I mean by them the Israelites and Amalekites led by them into the field themselves being partners in the battell it is the Part for the Whole Sect. 3. SUbstitution of the Effect is when the Effect is used for the Cause 2. King 4.10 a Death is in the pot Ioh. 11. 25. I am the g resurrection Substitution of the b Subject is when the Subject is used for the Adjunct Eph. 4. 22. Cast off the old c man Thus the place or seat and container are used for the placed or contained thing Psal. 78. 87. Their d heart was not right Gen. 6. 11. The e earth was corrupt before God 1. Cor. 11. 26. As oft as you drink this f cup ye shew the Lords death The Comment a Death is put for poyson which is the effect of poyson b The Subject is that thing whereunto something is said to appertain or belong and the said appurtenance is called the Adjunct or Accident c Man is put for nature d Heart for the affections there seated e for people f for wine g I think good here to note that it will perhaps be difficult sometimes to hit upon a term whereby to resolve a Trope perfectly for indeed when I first considered of this example I could resolve it with addition thus I am the cause or causer of the resurrection but the term Raiser I could not think on a good while And at first view I thought these Elli●tick also Exod. 21. 21. Eph. 5. 16. Sect. 4. SUbstitution of the Adjunct is when the Accident is

used for the Subject 1. Tim. 4. 16. Neglect not the gift given by the hands of the a presbyterie Gal. 6. 14. God forbid that I should glorie save in the b crosse of Christ. Thus the Adjunct of time is put for the subject measured by it Iob 32. 7. I said c dayes should speak and the c multitude of yeares should shew wisdome So the signe or f circumstance is used for the thing betokened Rom. 13.4 He beareth not the d sword in vain So also the qualitie is put for the subject Ecclus. 10.6 g Follie is set in great dignitie The Comment a First let me note that in some examples it skills not which you call the Subject which the Adjunct for instance Let their table be a snare that is Let their meat be a snare Table may be either the Subject or Adjunct And let me note further from the first example set down that some Tropes may be variously resolved according to mens severall judgements As some may think Presbyterie here being put for Presbyters to be the Effect for the Cause for what makes the Presbyterie but the Presbyters though I rather take it to be an Adjunct to Presbyters b Crosse for sufferings c Dayes and multitude of yeares for the aged Whence note that the borrowed speech lieth sometimes in more then in one single word For there is a single word which Logicians call Vox incomplexa as Peter an horse vertue gentle c. And there is a double word called Vox complexa as Peter the Apostle an horse all white despised vertue gentle in behaviour These you see runne into one and do of divers single ones make up double ones so that having said A Trope is alwayes in one word I mean not that it must alwayes be in one single word but sometimes in a double word which upon the matter is but one word as here the double word multitude of yeares is in purpose no more then the single word Dayes And as the words of the Trope are sometimes complexive so also are the words of the Resolution as in Proverbs or otherwise d Note hence that a choice word may best befit a Trope where in the Resolution the same word cannot serve as Sword is put for Authoritie being a signe thereof yet we cannot say He beareth not the Authoritie but he hath not the Authoritie in vain so that in Resolutions sometimes there must be alterations in some joynt words of the clause which yet agree well to the Trope e By signe is meant any token or resemblance as the ornament habit title ceremonie c. f See the tenth note g That is the Fool. Sect. 5. ELliptick Substitution is when the Cause and Effect or Subject and Adjunct do meet in the Resolution This is also First in the Cause Heb. 11. 39. They received not the b promises 2. In the Effect Gen. 25.23 c Two nations are in thy wombe Thus when an Epithet implies a Cause Psal. 100. 1 Make a d joyfull noyse 3. In the Subject 1. Cor. 10.4 That rock was Christ. And so when that is spoken of the Subject which is intended of the Adjunct Deut. 32. 10. He found him in the e howling wildernesse Also when the Subject is put for the Subject so qualified 1. Cor. 16.13 Quit your selves like f men So when an Epithet implies the signe 1. Sam. 14.2 Put on g mourning apparell 4. In the Adjunct Deut. 9.21 And I took your h sinne the calf that you had made and stampt it to powder c. Thus when that is spoken of the Adjunct which is intentionally referred to the Subject Mal. 2. 15. She is the i wife of thy i covenant and the wife of thy i youth Deut. 33. 2. From his right hand went a k fiery law The Comment a Ellipsis is as much as to say a leaving out I call therefore those Ellipticall Substitutions wherein some word is left out and in the Resolution therefore must be added again It is true that the defect of words in the language is the cause of some Ellipticall Substitutions as if there were any word promiseds the first example would be perfect It is true also that a man may resolve some perfect examples Elliptically if he please as Death is in the pot that is the cause of death is in the pot but Ellipticall examples are such as must of necessity be res●lved with addition so that in the Resolution both the Substituting and the Substituted word are mentioned together as in the examples following b Promises for fruits of the promises for they did receive the promises but the fruits or accomplishment of them was in the time of the Gospel c Two nations for the fathers of two nations d joyfull for joyfull making An Epithet is any Adjective joyned to a word to expresse his signification So here joyfull signifies making joyfull and so implies the Cause in the word making for noyse it self cannot be said to be joyfull e Howling is here attributed to the wildernesse and meant of the wilde beasts which are an Adjunct to the wildernesse as if you should say Wildernesse of howling beasts f Men for valiant men So we say Will you come to supper with those hands meaning those foul hands g Mourning for signe of mourning h Sinne for the subject of your ●inne For it cannot here though otherwise it might be resolved perfectly thus I took your calf c. because of the subsequent clause i Here wife is attributed to covenant and youth which are but accidents to the person as if he should say the wife of thee by thy covenant in thy youth k Fiery is here given to the law which is intended of the Subjective place of deliverie as if he should say The law from fiery Sinai So you see that Ellipticall Substitutions are but a kind● of half Substitutions one word being put for more not one word for another as in perfect Substitutions l For signe of Christ. CHAP. II. Sect. I. COmprehension is a borrowed speech by a naturall relation It is foure-fold 1. Of the Genus 2. Of the Species 3. Of the Whole 4. Of the Part. Comprehension of the Genus is when the a generall word comprehends the particular Psal. 72. 8. He shall have dominion from the river to the ends of the earth Comprehension of the Species is when the particular word implies the generall Matt. 23. 24. They devoure b widows houses Isa. 2. 13. The day of the Lord shall be upon every ● cedar of Lebanon and every b oak of Basan The Comment a A Generall word is that which comprehends singular words under it as a Beast comprehends an Horse a Cow a Lion c. A Stone comprehends an Adamant a Flint a Peble c. So