great ones are two fingers thick the smaller but one Those are four hands breadth long these but three they make a sharp noise Apothecaries shut them up in glasses and hang them down from a beam and feed them with bread for a long time Sometimes they come forth of Rivers that run in Fenny grounds and come far into the Land by the veins of the banks and sometimes into Cellars Theophrastus writes That in Caves they feel nothing because their senses are stupified but when they are boyl'd in a pot and when they are dug up they will stirre In a certain River of the East-Indies there are fishes call'd Tuberones they are so greedy that one of them catcht at a man standing on the side of the Ship and first bit off his foot and next his hand Linschotten in Navigat It is almost incredible that the same man writes namely That a Ship coming from Mozambique went backward 14 dayes though the wind were good for it and nothing to hinder it and that was found by every dayes observation of the Suns heighth And when the doubtful Marriners enquired for the cause of it and thought they had been bewitched at last a fish was found under the Ship and they collected that this fish carried the Ship on his back the contrary way against the force of the wind For so soon as with much ado they had driven this fish away they sailed forward very well The History is painted in the Palace of the Deputy-King of Goanum with the Name of the Pilote the Year and the Month. Blefhenius writes in his description of Islandia That in the Island Sea there is a Monster the name he knowes not but they take it to be a kind of Whale when he puts his head above the Sea he doth so fright men that they will fall down almost dead He hath a head is four square flaming eyes and it is fenced about with black horns His body is black and set about with black feathers If he be seen at Night at any time his eyes seem fiery that all his head that is thrust above the Sea may be seen by it Olaus l. 12. makes mention of it and saith it is 12 cubits long So much for Fish The End of the Ninth Classis OF THE DESCRIPTION Of Naturall VVonders The Tenth Classis Wherein are set down the Wonders of MAN WHosoever thou art that dost unjustly determine the condition of Man consider how great things our Mother Nature hath given unto us how much more strong Creatures are under our subjection how we can catch those that are much more swifter than our selves that nothing that is mortal is not under our power We have received so many Vertues so many Arts and lastly a Soul swifter than the Stars for it will out-run them in their motions that are to be performed many years after and in one moment penetrates into whatsoever it is intent about Seneca CHAP. I. Of Man in generall HItherto I have described irrational living Creatures Man followes next of whom we shall speak in order according to his actions natural vital animal and rational And first of his proportion This is so excellent and admirable that it cannot be more The body of Adam was made out of the Earth and ours of 3. small drops of seed and as much blood poured forth like milk and framed like to cruddled cheefe of the same matter are so many and so divers parts made The whole structure consists of above 200 bones to support it and as many cartilages all the joynts are smeered with all are joyn'd together with many ligaments and cloathed with innumerable membranes the vast mass of the members are watered with above 30 paire of nervs as with little cords and all the parts are sprinkled with as many arteries as with water pipes filld with foming blood and vital Spirits the empty places are filled up and the entralls covered with almost 400 Muscles and flesh of divers sorts as with flocks and lastly all is covered about with skin The Image of God is in it his mind represents the same and it hath included in it the forces and temperament of all the creatures You shall find many men that have an Ostrich stomack many that have the Lyons Heart not a few have the heart of a Dogg many of a Sow and infinite there are that are like the Asse by nature Alexander the Great had such a symmetry of humours that his spirits and humours and also his dead body smelt as sweet as natural balsom because in man as in the Centre as in a knot or little bundle the original and seminary cause of all creatures lye bound up Vegetables are nourished and increased by the balsom-like Spirits of Mineralls animals of vegetables and by them of mineralls but man for whom all things were created is nourished and augmented by the balsamick spirits of animals vegetables and mineralls wherefore there is reason that he should consist of all â—hese Wherefore in man there do flowrish and produce fruit that are messengers of health or sicknesse both the balme violets Germander namely the Spirits of the Heart Brain and Liver the Nettle Wake-Robin Crowfoot as Pushes Scabs Creeping sores Also there are wrought in man mineral separations that appeare in paroxysms of Vitriol Alum Salt of Gemma of the Colcothat Tartar as the Leprosy Elephantiasis Morphew Cancer discovering themselves in several Tinctures and Signatures Nor are aqueal generations wanting as Gold Silver Tin Copper Iron Lead the Heart Brain Liver Reins Stomach There are found in our bodies Mines out of which stones are dug the stones of the Bladder and Kidneys not to build but to destroy the house The head is the Fort of mans mind the seat of reason the habitation of Wisdom and the shop of memory judgment and cogitations possessing the highest place doth it not represent the uppermost and angelicall part of the World You have the middle and the Caelestial part in the Thorax and in the middle belly exactly set forth For as when the Sun riseth the upper parts are enlightned and all the lower parts are enlivened but contrarily when the Sun departs they grow cold and tend to ruine so by the perpetuall motion of the heart and by the vital heat thereof all things flourish and there is a plentifull harvest of rejoycing to be perceived but when that is darkned by cares sorrows fears and other Clowds all the parts are debilitated and at last dye Who sees not the sublunary part of the World expressed in the lower belly In it are containd the parts that serve for nutrition concoction and procreation Perhaps you will want the Dukedome of the Planets in this little world Behold the flowing marrow of the brain represents the moystning power of the Moon the genital parts serve for Venus the Instruments of eloquence and comelinesse do the office of witty Mercury the Sun and the Heart hold the greatest proportion Man's Liver the
light which shines to men in the night not that it is put out in the day by the Sun beams but that the medium being enlightned admits of the more forcible species the lesser and weaker is carried through the medium unperceived Scalig. exerc 6.2 Historians observe that they have been seen in the day-time and not without some token In Commodus his times they were seen a whole day some were drawn forth at length as though they were fastned in the Ayre The slaughter of the Parthians followed civill warrs and the killing of five Emperours in one year The same thing was seen in the raign of Constantius from Sun rising till noon about Sun set the Sun first appeared with crooked horns and then but halfe some suppose it was an Eclipse Cardanus saw two at Millan l. 14. de varietat rer c. 70. One Anno 1511 and the French were driven out of Italy another 1535 and the death of Francis Sforâ—ia followed and because he died childless the Prince was changed Charls took the Government Lastly the 9th of June this yeare there was one seen in England before noon when a solemn thanksgiving was made to God for the birth of the Prince of Wales we were certified that some French men saw the same at Diep the same time There is a wonderfull matter in their motion Besides their own which is made from North to South upon the poles of Aries and Libra they are said to be drawn by the 9th sphere from west to east Hence it comes that they are all moved from their places Braheus saith in a hundred yeares they are drawn back one degree 25 minuts Meto who florished in the 130th yeare after Thales observed the Starr of Aries to be in the Equinoctiall Timochares that it gain'd two degrees Hipparchus four and nine minuts Ptolomy 6 and 40 minuts Albategnius 18 and 12 minuts Alphonsus 23 and 48 minutes Vernerus 26 and 54 minutes Bodinus 28 and 20 minuts The bright one in the utmost tayle of the little dog which is for the pole Starr Hipparchus observed to be 12 degrees distant from the pole of the world we see it but almost three now adays Cardan saith that the heads of the motions of this Orbe will be not only in contrary places in the year 1800 but the motion will be contrary also and he collects from thence that there will be strange alterations in the Christian religion de varietat rer l. 2. c. 3. CHAP. IV. Of the Five Planets THe wandring Stars are called Planets The Ancients accounted them to be seven Those of our times have added four about Jupiter and no fewer about Saturn Each of them hath its own sphere its nodes epicycle and its aequant Their motion is more free than the rest sometimes they are present with mortals sometimes they depart from them Hence arise the names of Aux and Absis Peregaeum and Apogaeum amongst Astronomers But so great is the difference that Saturn requires 30 years Jupiter 12 Mars 2 Venus 360 dayes and Mercury as many Venus is a Planet by her sirnames that stands in aemulation with the Sun and Moon For rising before the Sun she is called Lucifer like another Sun hastening the day again shining in the West she is called Vesper or the Evening Star as prolonging the light and standing in place of the Moon Plin. l. 2. c. 9. The cause of their wandring motion some ascribe to the Sun who either by its beams sets them forward or removes them on one side oâ— departing from them lets them remain in their own places Extraordinary influences Medicaments Baths Phlebotomy Plantings choice of businesse change of the Ayr are by some tyed to the hour of their position It is observed that the Plague growes fierce about Wittenburg when Saturn moves in Leo or Sagittarius and abateâ— by the accesse of Mars the same thing is threatned to them at Norimberg by the signs of Gemini or Sagittarius Those that Mars and Saturn being in the angles assayle with a quartile aspect are short-lived if they passe their Infancy it will be difficult for them to attain the flower of youth their conjunction increaseth their force If Mars and Venus are in conjunction when one is born the concupiscible appetite is contaminated more if it be in Capricorn and Mercury be present By the concurrence of Mars Mercury and the Moon men have subtile wits Peucerus l. de divinat s. de Astrologia But this is a lesser conjunction That is a great Conjunction which is made by Saturn and Jupiter one happened in the seventy year and 200 dayes The signs of the Zodiack are run through that at the beginning of the first meeting there may be a conjunction of the Planets the Learned called it a revolution Alsted in thesauro Chronologico There are seven reckoned since the World was made and constant observation hath proved that none of them ever came without some notable alteration All things were heroicall in the first conjunction at the second men despised Noah's preaching at the third there were great pressures in Egypt The fourth was 17 years after when Rome began to be built the fifth was in the 26th year of Christ. The Bishops of Rome pretended the Donation of Pipin and Constantine when the sixth was The seventh was in the sign of Sagittarius in the year I was born in 1603. the last was in Leo 1623. what this shall produce God knowes The City of Rome about the 800th year under its fiery sight was thought to be renewed At the beginning of that happened the dispersing of the Jews what if about the end of it the calling of them again may be CHAP. V. Of the Sun Artic. 1. Of the Greatnesse and Unity of the Sun EPicurus thought the Sun to be an accidentall Globe and fire but an earthly grosse Body Anaximander thought it was red-hot Iron the Peruvians think it a GOD and so did Aurelianus a Prince of old May the gods do it and the Sun the created god in Vopisco Porphyry writes that it was adored in the East under the name of Mytra in his Comment de Nymph cultu And Macrobius shews l. 1. Saturn cap. 17. That all the gods of the Gentiles were extended to the Sun After him Cluverius Polyhistor in Germ. antiqua So great reverence was there toward it in the minds of the Gentiles It is with us the Principall Planet and the great Luminary It is greater than the Earth 167 times and it is distant from the Earth in its Apogaeum 1012868 miles Kecherm in his Astronomy It is but one and where is there room for more in so great a magnitude yet there are more also That is but one of which we speak the rest are but figures and draughts of this one beautifull Sun The Philosophers call them Parelia they have alwaies some future signification as we frequently observe and find it In 1514. there were 3. seen in each there was a bloody
sword The Reformation followed So many were seen in Helvetia in 1528 a wonderfull Famine was the sequel of it In 1532. at Venice they were seen with two Rainbowes opposed to the Sun one presently vanished but the other was seen for two hours Cardan l. 14. de varietat Rer. cap. 70. The Suns themselves were transparent the greater was Southward the lesse Northward increasing In the year 1314. before the War of Lodowick of Bavaria and Frederick of Austria more Suns were seen they signified the dissentions of the Electors and their falling to sides Peucer in Meteorol Before these troubles we saw it a Comet with a fatall tail followed Because the Empire of Nero had the same beginnings the future event might easily be foreknown Artic. 2. Of the Suns light and Eclips THe Thalmudists hold that the light of the Sun was seven times greater in the Creation but was lost afterwards We see it very great and ruling almost every where For the Sun-beams enlighten and enliven all things Cardan maintains that by the force of it the Southern parts are pressed down lower but whether it be so every one may judge And though at Rhodes or Syracuse there never be a day that the Sun is not seen in some parts of it Plin l. 1. Cap. 62. yet it is certain that the Suns light is often intercepted When Constantine was blind the Sun did not shine for 17 dayes In Plinies time â—e was often 12. dayes in Leo's time 4. dayes So never seen that Marriners lost their Course Maiol Colloq 1. But this was only a Clouding An Eclips is somwhat more when the Suns beams are turned away from by interposing of the Moon Barbarians understand not this whence Columbus foretelling the Moons Eclips won the favour of the Indians It was a Capital crime in Plath's days to maintain that the Moon could hold the Sun beams from us Alexander Aphrodis Problem 46. Some thought the Devills were the cause and therefore ran to assist it with lighted Torches Archelaus was so ignorant that the day the Eclips of the Sun was he shut up the Court and shaved his sonne as the custome was in time of adversity and of mourning Senec. l. 5. de benefic C. 6. The Eclipse of the Sun happens in the new Moon or in the Conjunction nor real but appearing so when Sun Moon and our eyes are in the same right line It it be totall it is in a moment in respect of the parts It was so when Scipio fought and overcome Hannibal at Carthage Zonaras Tom. 2. Nicephorus sayth the same happened at Augustus's death Somtimes in five yeares some are seen Maiolus thinks they produced Warrs Famines and Deaths of Popes It seemes to be certain that both of them may be Eclips'd twice in six Months and in five Months either of them and that the Suns light may be twice taken from one Country in the period of seven Months Peucer in Astrolog Some are of opinion their operation begins afterwards I dispute not but this is certaine they never appeare but they foreshew somthing When in the year 3343 an Eclips was seen the most corrupt state of the Kingdome of the Jews appeared In the yeare 3350. began the 70 yeares captivity In 3360 the Temple and Jerusalem were destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar About the Eclips in 1619 Stars were seen at noon-day and the Warre of Peloponesus began with the Athenians In the yeare 360 the Sun was Eclipsed untill noon-day and also in 592. What followed Phocas confirmed the Popes supremacy 622 wicked Mahomet sowed his mischief Alsted in Thesaur Chronol In 812 before the Death of Charls the great a Spot of a black had appeared for seven dayes witnesse Eginbartus It seems to intimate say some the darkning of the Gospel In 1415 the 7. of June so horrible was the Eclipse of the Sun that birds fell to the Earth At this time John Hus was burned in the Councell of Constance the 6. of July That was supernaturall at our Saviours passion It was a totall Eclips at a full Moon and lasted three houres Dionysius said of it Either the God of nature suffers or the frame of the World dissolves He afterwards consulting with the Philosophers built an Altar to the unknown God and was converted by St. Pauls Preaching Tertullian in Apologetico saith it was laid up amongst the publike Acts of Rome but forbidden to be published Also there is a notable use of Eclipses amongst Chronologers especially of those which with certain circumstances of time Yeare Day Month Hour Minuts and of the distance from other Eclipses were exactly taken such as was the Eclips at Arbelia in Câ—rtius or Peloponesus in Thucydides at Cambisia in Ptolomy Powel in his Consilio Chronologico For there are certain bounds and Characters of times fastned in the Heavens hence Calvisius commends Scaligers Chronology because he hath observed Phainomena and Eclipses allmost according to the years of the World out of the Tables of the Heavenly motions and are fitted to the same Hence the Calyppic period comprehended in 76 yeares in which time all conjunctions of the Planets new Moons and full Moons and Eclipses returne to the same moment of time See the famous Chronologer Pavellus treating accurately of these things I hasten to other matters Art 3. Of the Suns Motion THe Mahumetans fain that the Sun is carried with Horses and sets in the Sea and well washed rises again Daily experience sheweth us a double motion we see it rise every day and set again and every yeare it makes an Oval figure passing to North and South Yet so right under the Ecliptick that it swarves not a hair from it The complement of the motion in the Zodiack varieth with many Hipparchus assignes to it 365 days Ours 6 houres lesse Tebitius saith that there want nine minutes of the 6 houres Henricus Mechiniensis hath written that all those shall err perpetually who observe Eclipses by the Tables of Ptolomy or Albategnius Bodin 5. Theatri Naturae It is the vulgar tenent to assigne 365 days and 6 hours In that oblique course we observe the Sun to be nearer the earth whilst he passeth through the Southern signs and to be further off in the Northern That is finished in 178 dayes 21 hours and 12 minuts This requires 186 dayes 8 hours 12 minutes But because the distancâ— of the Eccentrick is variable from the centre of the World therefore Melancthon and Origanus write that the Sun is nearer to us now than in Ptolomies dayes by 9900 miles but Copernicus and Stoflerus cast it to bee 26660 miles Alsted in Theoria Planetarum Scaliger dislikes this Exerc. 99. sect 2. Nor is it probable saith Bodin l. 5. Theat in so great variety of distance that the knowledge of Eclipses could be so exactly preserved The Scripture tells us that the Sun went backward miraculously in Ezechiahs dayes as was known by the shadow on the Diall The History of Josuah witnesseth that it stood still and
be searched into Thuan. l. 53. Histor. That that appeared the 6th of the Ides of November under the Constellation of Cassiopaea some men said it was in the Firmament it self amongst the heavenly spheres It had neither Tail nor hair but like the other Stars it sent forth beams equally The Diameter of it contained the Diameter of the Earth 7. times and ½ part and it was greater than the Earth 361 times and ½ it was bigger than the Sun twice and 2 â— parts Tycho Brache 1. part Progymnas Astronom Yet this Eminency of greatnesse and light decreased afterwards by degrees untill it vanished quite away It had no motion except that which it had common with the fixed Stars it alwayes held the same Position to the neighbouring Stars in Cassiopaea It lasted 16 months What was foreshewed by it is variously determined by divers men Gemma Frisius in Cosmocritica writes That since the birth of Christ there was hardly any apparition to be compared with it whether we consider the height of the sign or the rarity or the long continuance of it The Britans ascribed it to the lamentable death of Mary An Oxford Astrologer was Authour of this opinion who by Cassiopaea the Sister to King Cepheus said That some Queen in the North must be noted out by it and by its 16 moneths continuance he foreshewed I know not according to what calculation of the Arabians and the ascending of the Star into the upper parts That that Northern Queen after 16 years should ascend up into heaven The event made good his praediction Thuan. l. 5 4 Molerus seemed to expect a new Prophet by it in the year 1590 and the conquest of the Gospel over all through the World Liborovius foretold but falsly War in 1619 and the banishment of the chief Prince in Germany in 1620 the restoring of him again by the Eastern Countries in 1627 and many such like things There is extant concerning this Star a godly and excellent Copy of Verses of a certain famous Writer which I here set down Whether that Comet without blazing tail That shines as clear as do the fixed Stars Shall in succeeding times so far prevail As to raise Dearths or Plagues or bloody Wars God onely knowes and after-times will shew But if Man's Wit can any thing foretell 'T is not amisse to search such signs are new And lift our minds above this place we dwell This is that Star which did the Wise-men bring From the East land to Bethleem and there In David's City born was the great King It now foreshewes again and doth declare That God is coming cruel Herod fear Good Men rejoyce your Redemption drawes near The fifth month after the Starre disappeared Charles died of a bloody flux The third was seen in the yeare 1577. in November and which the following yeare vanished Jannuary the 26 Mestlinus placeth this in the sphere of Venus Tycho writes that the head was 308 Germain miles diameter Dantzick was then besieged and 1578 the Warre of Moscovia began It was supposed to portend the Death of great Men. In that yeare Thuan. l. 65. after a desperate sight in Africa Sebastian King of Portugall died and Melchus Chorisius King of Morisco Trigitana whom he came to subdue And Mahomet that caused the Warre was drown'd 8000 Christians were slain and as many taken Captives allmost all the Nobility of Portugal fell into the hands of the Mores That was done in one day Portingal came neâ—t under the Government of Philip. Then in 1604 about the beginning of October a fourth new Starr appeared in the 17. degree of Sagittarius and was from the Ecliptick but 37 minutes Astronomers say it was between Saturn and the 8. Sphere yet that seems absurd Keckerman in his consultation concerning the Starre in the year 1604. Thes. 53. Also because it had its own proper motion distinct from the Sphere of Saturn and the fixed Starrs and the Starrs move in and with their Orbs but that had none Crabbius saith directly that it was from the Center of the Earth 22267636 miles and from the superficies of the Earth 22266777 miles disput de Comet Thes And hence he concludes it was greater than the Earth 91 times and hence he proves it was above Saturn being from the Earth 1007250 miles It shined full four Months and after that was to be seen from the 28 of November with Saturn from the 29. with Sol and from the 13 of December with Mercury in Conjunctions and with Mercury Mars Sol in oppositions the May following which was supposed to pâ—rtend great consultations confederacies and changes in France Spain the Low Countries England Thuan. lib. 131. But the opposition that fell out on the 6 of June was held to be Ominous and men conjectured that this Starr would cause Warrs and calamities to many Countries and chiefly to Germany in point of Religion An excellent Mathematician Keplerus writ concerning it and who was no whit guilty of Astrologicall superstition by the testimony of Thuanus See him I call these apparitions Starrs not that I am ignorant that they are referred to Comets but because I find that in the Skye they are placed amongst the second moveables and are call'd celestiall which is not agreeing to Planets and I think it more fit to call them Starrs than by naming them Comets to overthrow the doctrine of Meteors received from the Antients CHAP. VIII Of Astrologicall Praedictions COncerning Astrologicall Praedictions many men have many minds Some magnifie them others reject them as idle vanities It is certain that natural actions as the changes of dayes nightâ— yeares seasons because they have determinate causes in the position of the Starrs may be foretold by them Yet because the matter of the elements is mutable and flitting many particular causes overthrow general causes and many Starrs in both motions are yet unknown and some of them somtimes are opposite to the others forces also most experienced Artists are few and lastly there is a vast distance in placing the beginning and ends of the Houses and proprieties and therefore it is no wonder if error creep in Bartholin de caelo And if we observe particular and individuall actions the errour will be the greater for beside the generall influence of the Starrs there is a special influence which ariseth from the speciall complexion The indisposition of the matter hinders the good influence of Heaven and the goodnesse of the temper derived from the Parents keeps off the bad influence We know that Jacob and Esau were born at the same time in respect of the Heavens position yet was their fortune most different In civil actions the Starrs have nothing to do It is an elegant saying of Bodinus Lib. 4. de Repub. Cap 3. There is but one Rule saith he of all Philosophers even of those that idly dispute of what is done in the Heavens that a wiseman is not under the affection and power of the Starrs but only those who like
Ayre is contrary But examples will hardly make that good In the Navigations of the Portugalls some Marriners under the Equinoctiall had allmost breathed their last though it were in the middle of the Sea and a in a most open ayre And when we were present saith Scaliger Exercit 31. some Italians of Lipsia in the Stoves were like to swound and you may remember from Histories concerning the death of King Cocal Wheat in Syria laid close in Mows corrupts not but is spoild shut up in Barnes if the Windows be open it takes no harme Artic. 2. Of the Infection of the Ayre The Ayre doth not allwaies retain its own qualities it is infected somtimes with hurtful things They that go out of the Province of Peru into Chila thorow the Mountains meet with a deadly ayr and before the passengers perceive it their limbs fall from their bodies as Apples fall from Trees without any corruptions Liburius de Origine rerum In the Mount of Peru Pariacacca the ayr being singular brings them that go up in despair of their lives It causeth vomit so violent that the blood follows it afflicts them most that ascend from the Sea and not only Man but Beasts are exposed to the danger It is held to be the highest and most full of Snow in the World and in three or four houres a man may passe over it In the Mountains of Chilium a Boy sustained himself three dayes lying behind a multitude of Carcases so that at last he escaped safe from the Venomous blasts In a Book concerning the proper causes of the Elements it is written that a wind killed the people in Hadramot The same Authour reports that the same thing hapned in the time of King Philip of Macedo that in a certain way between two Mountaines at a set hour what horseman soever past he fell down ready to die The cause was not known The foot were in the same condition untill one Socrates by setting on high a steel Looking-Glasse beheld in both Mountains two Dragons casting their venomous breath one at the other and whatsoever this hit upon died Liban l. cit But the true cause of this mischief was a mineral ayr stuft with nitrous and other metallick Spirits Such a one is found in some Caves of Hungary and Sweden and we know that the Common Saltpeter is full of Spirits it is moved dangerously and forcibly if fire be put to it and cast into water it cools them much But that bodies corrupt not that we ascribe to cold but it may be attributed to the Spirits of cold by mixture such as are in some Thunder-bolts for the bodies of living Creatures killed by them do not easily corrupt and they last long unlesse some more powerfull cause coming drive it out Artic. 3. Of the Putrefaction of the Ayr. THe Pestilence comes from putrefaction of the ayr which in respect of divers constitutions is divers It is observed that there never was any at Locris or Croto Plin. l. 2.99 So in that part of Ethiopia which is by the black Sea In Mauritania it ruins all It lasted so long somtimes at Tholouse and in that Province that it continued seven years It perseveres so long and oftimes amongst the Northern people and rageth so cruelly that it depopulates whole Countries Scaliger exercit 32. It is observed in the Southern parts that it goes toward the Sun setting and scarse ever but in winter and lasts but three months at most In the year 1524 it so raged at Millan that new baked bread set into the ayr but one night was not only musty but was full of Worms those that were well died in 6 or 8 hours Cardan de rer varietat l. 8. c. 45. In the year 1500 it destroyed 30000 at London somtimes 300000 at Constantinople and as many in the Cities of the Vandalls all the autumne thorow In Petrarchs dayes it was so strong in Italy that of 1000 Men scarse ten remained Alsted in Chronolog But that in divers Countries it works so variously on some men and severall Creatures that proceeds from the force of the active causes and the disposition of the passive Forest. l. 6. observ de Febre If the active cause from the uncleanness of the Earth or water be not strong it only affects those beasts that are disposed for such a venome but if it be violent it ceazeth on Mankind yet so that of its own nature it would leave neither Countrey not Cittie nor Village nor Town free This layes hold on men in one place only But if the active force be from a superiour cause or be from the ayr corrupted below Mankind alone are endangered by it But if both a superiour and an inferiour cause concur then may all living Creatures be infected with the Plague yet it must be according to the disposition of their bodies Artic. 4. Of Attraction cooling and penetrating of the Ayr. NO man almost is ignorant but that the Ayr serves for the Life of man for the branches of arteria venosa drink in blood from the whole Lungs brought to them by the arteria venosa and it is made more pure in them The Ayr drawn in at the mouth is mingled with the blood and this mixture is carried to the left ventricle of the heart to be made spirituous blood Ludovi du Gardin Anatom c. 40. But being drawn in heaps it strangles Zwinger Physiol l. 2. c. 23. For if you compasse a burning Candle in the open ayr with wine from above you put it out because it cannot attract the Ayr prepared on each side by reason the wine is betwixt and it cannot from below draw the crude and unprepared Ayr. The desaphoretick force of it will appear in an Egg when that is new a pure spirit sweats through its shell whilest it rosts like unto dew What will this do in the body of man It will make that full of chinks if it be touched by a small heat otherwise it fills and penetrates all things It pierceth thorow a brick and there it inflates the concocted lime so that the quantity of it is increased till it break it We see that the Ayr entring by the pores of a baked brick doth swell a stone that was left there for want of diligence and is turned into Lime and so puts it up till the brick breaks Zwinger Phys. l. 2. c. 25. Farther it is concluded by certain observation That a wound is easie or hard to cure by reason of the Ayr. In Fenny grounds wounds of the head are soon cured but Ulcers of the Legs are long Hence it is that wounds of the head are light at Bonnonia and Paris but wounds of the Legs are deadly at Avignon and Rome There the Ayr is of a cold constitution and is an enemy to the brain here it is more hot whereby the humours being melted run more downwards Paâ—aeâ—s l. 10. Chirurg c. 8. It may be cooled 9 wayes by frequent ventilating of it with a fan
full of water But that ceased when the sacrifice ceased Joseph l. 7. c. 24. There is a certain River Bocatius speaks of every ten years it makes a mighty noyse by the stones striking together and this is suddenly in a moment and the stones ran downwards for 3. dayes and 3 or 4 times a day though it be fair weather and after three dayes all is quiet Strabo writes of the Rivers of Hircania l. 11. There are in the Sea high shores that are prominent and are cut forth of Rocks but when the Rivers run out of the Rocks into the Sea with great violence they passe over a great space as the fall betwixt the Sea and the Rocks that Armies may march under the fall of the waters as under Arches and receive no hurt Trochlotes in North Norway makes such a noyse when it runs that it is heard 20 miles Olaus l. 2. c. 28. Beca in Livonia runs forth of the Rocks with such a fall that it makes men deaf Ortel in Livon Tâ—nais by a very long passage from Scythia falling into the Lake Meotis it makes it so long and broad that those that are ignorant of it take it for a great Mountain Boccatius In Solomon's Temple there ran a Spring great in Summer small in Winter Euseb. praeparat Evangel l. 9. c. 4. If you ask the cause it is taken from the Time All things are wet in Winter then are the Channels full and for want of evaporation the waters are kept in But in Summer all things are dry and the Suns heat penetrates Hence it is that they are congregated in their Fountains and run out by the Ayr inforcing them Maeander is so full of windings and turnings that it is often thought to run back again c. He that seeks more concerning Nilus and other Waters let him read Geographerrs Artic. 5. Of the change of quantity and of qualities in Waters THis great variety in Waters that I have set down is a token of the wisdome and power of God and it is no lesse wonder that the same waters should be so diversly changed It is certain that they are changed A Fountain in the Island Tenedos alwayes from 3. at night till 6. after the Summer Solstice overflowes There is another in â—odon that hath its Name from Jupiter it fails always at Noon-day And the River Po in Summer as if it took its rest growes dry saith Pliny In Italy Tophanus a Fountain of Anagnania is dry when the Lake Fucinus is frozen at other times of the year it runs with great quantity of water Agricol l. cit passim The Waters of the Lake of Babylon are red in Summer Boristhenes at some times of the year seems to be died with Verdigrease The water of the Fountain of the Tungri is boyling hot with fire subterraneal and is red The Waters of the River Caria by Neptunâ—s Temple were sweet and are now salt But in Thrace when Georgius Despota ruled a sweet Fountain grew to be bitter intolerably and whole rivers were changed at Citheron in Beotia as Theophrastus writes Men report that of the Mineral Waters which run by the Pangaeus a Mountain of Thrace an Athenian cotyle weighs in Summer 64 grains and in Winter 96. In the Province of Cyrene the Fountain of the Sun is hot at midnight afterwards it cooles by degrees and at Sun-rising it is cold and the higher the the Sun riseth the colder it is so that it is frozen at mid day then again by degrees it growes warm it is hot at Sun-set and the more the Sun proceeds the hotter it becomes The same Fountain every day as it growes cold at mid-day so it is sweet as it growes hot at midnight so it growes bitter Artic. 6. Of some other things admirable in Waters THey were wonders that are passed but greater follow In those it is easy to assign a cause mixture or some such like if you rightly consider it but here it is difficult for though you may in some yet commonly we must fly to hidden qualities I will briefly rehearse them Some drops of a Fountain of the Goths powred upon the Earth cease to move and are thickned by the ayr The waters of Cepusia in Pitchers turn into a Stone those of Rhaetid make people foolish they pull out the teeth in two years and dissolve the ligaments of the sinews which Pliny writes to be in Germany by the Sea-side Those of Islandia change things that are hollow into stones Tybur covers Wood with stone covers Zamenfes in Africa makes clear voyces Soractes when the Sun riseth runs over as though it boyled birds that then drink of it die He growes temperate who drinks of the Lake Clitorius and he forgets who drinks of a well nere the River Orchomenus sacred to the God Trophonius Philarch. He proves dull of wit that drinks of a Fountain in the Island Cea Agricola de reb 〈…〉 terra effluent gives a cause for it as for the former by reason of the bitumen For saith he the seeds of wild Parsnips wrapt in a linnen clout and put into Wine as also the powder of the flowers of Hermodactylus which the Turks use being drunk with it are the cause that it will make a man sooner and more drunk so some kind of Bitumen mixt with water is wont to make men drunk The horses drinking Sebaris are troubled with sneesing whatsoever is sprinkled with it is couloured black Clitumnus of Umbria drank of makes white Oxen and Cesiphus of Beotia white sheep but a River in Cappadocia makes the hair whiter softer and longer In Pontus Astaces waters the fields in which Mares are fed that feed the whole Countrey with black milk The waters in Gadaris make men bald and deprive Cattle of hair hooffs and horns Cicero writes that in the Marshes of Reate the hoofs of beasts are hardned The hot baths at the Fort of New-house colour the Silver Rings of such as wash in them with a Golden colour and make Gold Rings more beautifull Aniger that runs out of Lapithum a Mountain of Arcadia will nourish no fish in it till it receive Acidan and those that go then out of it into Aniger are not edible but they in Acidan are Pausanias Agrigentinum a Lake of Sicily will beare those things that do not swim in the waters In Aethiopia there is one so thin that it will not carry up leaves that fall from the next Trees In the lake Asphaltiâ—es a man bound hand and foot cannot sink The cause is held to be the great quantity of Salt Hieronymus Florentinus saw a Bankrupt bound and cast headlong from the Tower into it and it bore him up all the night Posidonius observed that bricks in Spain made of Earth with which their Silver plate is rub'd did swim in the waters Cleon and Goon were two Fountains in Phrygia either of their waters made men cry There were two in the fortunate Island they that tasted of one laught till they died
too heavy Hence it comes to passe that all Seas purge themselves in the full of the Moon Not that the attraction of the Moon is the cause of it but because the wind that was in the interim collected in the hollow places under ground strives to fly upwards or being heaped up about the putrefactions of the Sea breaks forth Lydiaâ— de orig sâ—ntium attributes it to subterraneal fire That you may know the grounds of his opinion I will set it down in a few Propositions I. The flowing of the Sea is not because of the Moon by the nearnesse of her light and of that especially which she borrowes which breeds exhalations whereby the waters swell and run over For in the full Moon her light is thwart the earth and yet there is a tide great enough II. The Sun and Moon do not by their beams cause the flowing of the Sea 1. When it flowes in one hemisphear and both the Luminaries are in the other what is the cause of that For it hath not equall forces in both 2. If Sun and Moon cause the flowing of the Sea wherefore elsewhere in the very Ocean and that between the torrid Zone where their power is extream are there no Tides at all or very small ones III. When we enquire concerning the flowing of the Sea we must suppose 1. That there is a wonderfull plenty of water in the bosome of the Earth 2. That water which is in the bosome of the Earth is not onely continued to it self but to this we see in the Sea and is joyned with it by the channels or open chaps of the Earth First it is probable from hence that it is a part of the same body Then the deeps of the Sea that were never yet certainly known are a token of it 3. When two most vaste Continents on this side Asia Africa Europe on that America divide CHAP. VII Artic. 1. Of the New World and Asia by which the passage was open to other neighbouring Islands and from the Island to all the continent which was in sight and neere to the Ocean but in the mouth of it there was said to be a Haven with a narrow entrance c After this by a wonderfull Earth-quake and a continuall inundation for a day and a night it came to passe that the Earth clave asunder and swallowed all those warlike people and the Island of Atlantis was drowned in the deep But Aristotle lib. de admirand c. 8. relates that in the Sea beyond Herculâ—s Pillars an Island was found out by the Carthagenians which had Woods and Rivers fit for shipping but it was distant many days Voyage But when more Carthagenians allured by the happinesse of the place came and dwelt amongst the Inhabitants they were condemned to death by the Commanders he adds by those that sayled thither Let us also hear Seneca lib. 7. quaest c. 31. The people that shall come after us shall know many things we know not many things are reserved for after ages when we are dead and forgotten The World is but a very small matter unlesse every age may have something to search for And again quaest 5. c. ult Whence do I know whether there may not be some Commander of a great Nation now not known that may swell with Fortun 's favours and not contain his forces within his own bounds Whether he may not provide ships to attempt places unknown How do I know whether this or that wind may bring Warr Some suppose Augustus extended his Empire so far Marianus Siculus is the Authour that there was found in the new World old Golden Money with the Image of Augustus and that it was sent to Rome to the Pope in token of fidelity by Johannes Ruffus Bishop of Consentia That is more wonderfull that the Spaniards write that there is a Town in the Province of Chili in the Valley called Cauten which they name Imperiola for this cause because in many Houses and Gates they found the Spread-Eagle as we see now a dayes in the Arms of the Roman Empire Animlanus l. 17. observes somthing not unlike it that in the obeliscks of the Aegyptians there were ingraven many Pictures of Birds and Beasts also of the other World What shall we say to these things We say they knew them but scarse ever travelled thither But if those relations are true that Plato reports of which Tertullian also speaks Apolg. c. 39. and Marcellinus l. 17. we add farther That the praediction of Seneca sounds rather of the British Islands in favour of Claudius That is false which is said of Augustus We have all the Acts of this Noble Prince if there be any thing buried in silence it is some mean matter But Novelty easily gains the name of Antiquity if there be fraud in him that forgeth it Artic. 2. Of the miracles of some Countrys PLiny relates and we out of him There is a famous Temple at Paphos dedicated to Venus into a Court whereof it never rayns Pliny l. 2. c. 96. By Harpasa a Town of Asia there stands a hard Rock which you may move with one finger but thrust it with your whole body and you cannot stirr it There is Earth in the City Parasinum within the Peninsula of Tauri that cures all wounds In the Country Ardanum Corn that is sowed will never grow At the Altars of Martia in Veii and at Tusculanum and in the Wood Ciminia there are places where things fastened into the Earth cannot be drawn forth Pliny l. 2. c. 94. In Crustuminum Hay that grows there is hurtfull but out of that place it becomes good Some Earths tremble at the entrance as in the Country of the Gabii not far from Rome about a 100 Acres when men ride upon it and likewise at Reate In the Hills of Puteoli the dust is opposed against the Sea Waves and being once sunk it becomes one stone that the waters cannot stirr and daily grows stronger also if it be mingled with the Caement of Cumae Plin. l. 35. c. 13. Such is the nature of that Earth that cut it of what bignesse you please and sink it into the Sea it is drawn forth a stone In a Fountain of Gnidium that is sweet in eight Months time the Earth turns to a stone From Oropus as far as Aulis whatsoever earth is dipped in the Sea it becomes a stone Tilling of the ground was of old of great esteem amongst the Romans they found one sowing and gave him honours whence is the surname Serranus As Cincinnatus was ploughing his four Acres in the Vatican which are called Quintus his Meadows Viator offered him the Dictator ship and as it is reported that he was naked and his whole body full of dust To whom Viator said Put on thy Cloths that I may deliver to thee the commands of the Senate and people of Rome Whence Pliny l. 18. c. 3. answers to this question Whence was it then they had so great plenty The Rulers at
that Fig was taken from the Tree And when they all granted it was newly gathered he replied 3 dayes since was this pulled at Carthage so neere to our walls is the enemy They presently began the 3d Punick Warre wherein Carthage was rooted out In Hyrcania there are some that each of them will beare 260 Bushells Plin. l. 15. c. 18. CHAP. XX. Of the Ash Mushrooms and the Beech. THe Ash is an Enemy to Serpents none of them can â—ndure the shade of it though it be late at night Plin. l. 16. c. 13. Pliny saith he proved it that if a Serpent be compassed in with Ashwood and fire he will leap into the fire before he will passe over the Ash wood This is the great bounty of Nature that it flowers before the Serpents come forth nor do the leaves fall till the Serpents be gone to hide themselves Vessels made of the wood of it for use of meat and drink help the Splâ—â—â— and the Stone wonderfully Dom. Zean l. 1. pract At the waters 〈…〉 out of which fire breaks forth it did once prosper Pliny hist. l. 2. c. 107. Mushrooms groâ— so great in Namidia that they are thicker than Quindes In the Kingdome of Nanles the crust of the ground is thick and like Marble that being covered with earth a span deep and sprinkled with warm water in 4. dayes sends forth Mushromes Scalig. Exerc. 181. S. 1. It is of necessity that there be some seminary vertue out of whose bosome they may proceed for the water that is sprinkled on affords matter and nutriment and also a procatarctical cause Libav l. 1. Epist. Chym. 30. If they be boyled or the juice be pressed forth and poured at the roots of Trees especially Beech-Trees Mushroms will grow from thence in great abundance Sennert de cons. et disp Chym. c. 12. In the Northern parts under the Pole Beech-Trees are frequent of a magnetick vertue and the Mushroms that grow to them are changed into Loadstones saith Olaus l. 12. c. 1. CHAP. XXI Of Guaicum and Gentian GUaicum is of great vertue against the French-Pox In Italy at first they were fearful to drink it Bread and Raisins were prescribed with a moderate diet and to live 40 dayes in a dark Chamber and that so curiously that they admit not of the least Ayr Mathiol in l. 1. c. 3 The errour was observed afterwards and Hens flesh was allowed but not a drop of Wine Mathiolus was the first that tryed it with successe and others followed him Gentian called also Cruciata is the herb of S. Ladistaus a King The report is that the Tartars drove him out of Hungary and that he fled to Claudiopolis a City of Daâ—ia There he grew acquainted with a rich man and became his Godfather He helped him to drive out the Tartars They as they fled threw down moneys of Gold that they had plundered in the field of Aradium as a means to hinder those that pursued them The King pray'd unto God that they might be changed into stones and it was so Hence it is that there are so many stones there After this Hungary being afflicted with a grievous Plague He obtain'd of God that what plant an Arrow shot into the Ayr should fall down upon might be a remedy for that disease It fell upon Cruciata and by the use of that the Plague was driven out of that Country Camerar Centur. 3. Memorab s. 23. CHAP. XXII Of Broom Ginger and St. Johns-wort IN stony and sandy grounds 3. foot from Broom one moneth before and after the Calends of June there is a kind of Broomrape found that is a cubit high if this be bruised and the juice pressed forth which is like to clear wine and be kept in a glasse bottle stopt all the year it is an excellent remedy against the Plague Ginger is a root that creeps along with knots and joynts the leaves are like reed leaves that wax green anew twice or thrice a year Mathiol l. 2. c. 154. There is some difference in the taste when it is dug forth before its time to be ripe The fit time to gather it is when the root growes dry otherwise it is subject to Worms and rottennesse St. Johns-Wort both feed and flower is wonderful to heal all wounds besides those in the head Some write that the Devils hate it so much that the very smell of it drives them away I think this superstitious The same is reported of Pellitary especially for green wounds If it be bruised green and bound to a wound and taken off the third day there will need no other Medicament Mathiol in l. 4. c. 81. CHAP. XXIII Of Elecampane Turnsole and Hiuoa ELecampane is a yearly Plant that growes higher than a man Sometimes 24 foot in height it growes up in 6. moneths after the seed is sown on the top of the stalk there growes a head like an Artichoke but it is rounder and broader and it extends it self with a flower as big as a great Dish Bauhin ad lib. 4. Dioscor c. 182. Sometimes the diameter of the dish is more than a foot and half and it is compassed about with long leaves of a golden colour or as it were Sun-beams and the plain of it in the middle is purple colour The seed is disposed of in the holes of the dish it hath a black rind and sweet substance within so great is the abundance of it that sometimes you shall find above a thousand in one dish Some there are that take the tender stalks of the leaves and scraping away the Down they boyl them on a grid-iron and season them with Salt Oyl and Spices and they are better tasted than Artichokes It is a wonder that it turns with the Sun East and West for when the Sun riseth as if it did adore the Sun it bows down the head and it riseth with it alwaies pointing toward the Sun and opening it self very much at the root of it till the Sun sets Turnsole kills Pismires if you stop their holes with it If a Scorpions hole be compassed about with the juice of it he will never come forth but if you put in the herb he dies Mathiol ad l. 4. c. 186. Hiuca is as great as a mans thigh it goes about with the Sun though it be a clowdy day and at night it is contracted as sad for the Suns absence Plin. l. 22. c. 21. They break it into fine meal by rubbing it with Pumex stones or whetstones then they put it into an Hippocras bag and pour water to it and presse forth the juice The Liquor is deadly but the meal that is left is set in the Sun as they do Sugar-Candy when the meal is dry they temper it with water and make bread of it Scalig. Exâ—rc 153. l. 8. CHAP. XXIV Of Impia Juniper and Glasse-wort IMpia is thought to be a plant that no Creature will taste of and from thence it hath its name yet bruised
200 yeares in the water uncorrupted The Phrygians if we will credit Rhodiginus made their dainties of white fat Worms with black heads that bred from rotten Wood called Xylophagi Aelian writes that the King of the Indies used for his second course a certain Worm breeding in Plants and it was broiled at the fire Lastly in an Island call'd Talacha there are Worms like to those that breed in rotten Wood and are the chiefest dish of the Table Johannes Mandevil Tarantulae are a kind of Spiders from the City Tarentum They are harmlesse to look upon but when they bite they cause divers symptoms For those that are stung with the Tarantula some alwaies sing some laugh some cry some cry out for being infected with black Choler according as their temper is they have all these symptoms CHAP. XXIV Of Worms Article 1. Of Worms in Brute Beasts ROttennesse is the mother of Worms which whence it proceeds is known by the generall principles of naturall Philosophy Therefore because in Guiney there are great putrefactions by the continual distemper of the Ayr there are found abundance of worms Hence it appears that a hot and moyst distemper is fit to breed them that in Summer Moneths and when the blasts are warm Gardens commonly abound with Snails and flesh with Worms They are found in Cattel Plants and in men Anno 1562 There was a cruel murrain for Cattle worms breeding about the region of their Liver Cornelius Gemma A worm sticks to the forked hoofs of sheep and Rams which unlesse it be taken out when you eat the meat it causeth loathing and pain of the stomach The Mullet fish breeds but onely thrice in its life-time and is barren all the rest of the time For in the matrix of it little Worms breed that devour the seed In others some small ones breed that hinder procreation Artic. 2. Of Worms in Men. WOrms are found in Men. For sometimes the active cause is sufficient and there is matter enough in their bodies and many examples are found every where in Authors that confirm this Anno 1549 There were many men about the River Thaysa in whose bodies there were found Creatures call'd Lutrae and Lizzards Wierus saw a Country man that voided a Worm 8 foot long it had a mouth and head like to a Duck l. 3. c. 15. de praestig Daemon A Maid at Lovain saith Cornelius Gemma voided many prodigious creatures amongst the rest a living creature a foot and half long thicker than a mans thumb like to an Eagle but that the tail of it was hairy A Maid saith Dodonaeus cast forth some like to Caterpillars with many feet and they were alive Hollerius l. 1. saith he saw a Worm that bred in a mans brain Beniventus c. 100 exemp medic writes That he had a friend that was troubled with great pain in his head raving darknesse of sight and other ill symptomes at last he cast forth a Worm out of his right nostrill longer than his hand when that was gone all the pain presently ceased Theophrast hist. Plant. l. 9. c. ult writes thus of Worms in the belly Some people have belly worms naturally for the Egyptians Arabians Armenians Syrians Cilicians are in part troubled with them but the Thracians and Phrygians have none Amongst the Greeks we know that the Thebans that use to live in Schools and also the Baeotians have a worm bred in them but the Athenians have none A woman in Sclavonia cast out a very strange worm described by Amat Lusitan curat medic Cent. 6.74 It was four cubits long but not broad half so broad as ones nail of a white colour of the substance of the guts having something like an Adders skin The Head was warty and white out of which the body grew broad and grew still narrower toward the tail This Worm was but one body with many divisions the parts of this broad Worm were like to Gourd seeds that had nothing contain'd in them by reason of the compression of its broad body Artic. 3. Of Worms in Plants ALl Plants herbs shrubs and Trees have their worms a worm in the root is deadly For let the Tree be what it will and flourish yet this will make it wither saith Aldrovandus l. 6. de Insect c. 4. And there are sure witnesses that in the roots of Okes such venomous Worms will breed that if you should but tread on them with the sole of your foot it would fetch off the skin There are small white ones found in the sponge of the sweet bryer which is outwardly soft and hairy but inwardly so hard and so solid a substance that a sharp instrument will hardly peirce it In the white Daffodill some are bred which are changed into another flying and beautifull creature which when the herb begins to flourish presently eats through the cover and flyes away Pliny l. 20. c. 6. writes that some think that Basil chewed and laid in the Sun will breed Worms If you bruise the green shells of Wallnuts and put them into the water and then sprinkle them with earth Worms will breed in abundance that are good for Fishers Carol. Stephan Agricultur l. 3. c. 34. But Theophrastus 5 de caus Plant. saith that a Worm beed in one Tree and put into another will not live Joachimus Fortius reports that he saw some who affirmed that from a hazel nut that had a Worm in it there grew a Serpent for magnitude and forme For the nut being opened so farr as the Worm and the Worm not being hurt they put the nut into milk and set the vessel of milk in the Sun yet so that the Worm was not beaten upon by the Sun wherefore on that side the Sun shined they covered the Vessel and so nourished the Worm many days Afterward adding more Milk they set it to the Sun again The milk must be sheeps milk Also they report that a Worm is found in the leaves of Rue nourished the same way that lived 20 days Theophrastus writes of the cause of them plainly and fully His words are these Ill diseases happen to all seeds from nutriment and distemper of the Ayre namely when too much or too little nourishment is afforded or the Ayre is immoderately moyst or dry or else when it doth not rayne seasonably For so Worms breed in chiches vetches and pease and in rocket-seeds when as hot weather falls upon them before they be dried but in Chiches when the salt is taken from them and they become sweet For nature doth every where breed a living creature if there be heat and moysture in due proportion For matter comes from moysture for the heat to work on and concoct as we see it happens in Wheat Worms will breed in the root of it when after seed time Southern winds blow often Then the root growing moyst and the Ayre being hot the heat corrupting the root ingendreth Worms And the Worms bred eat the roots continually For nature hath appointed
for it had not put off the whole skin but onely the latter part which was next it in the case The carcasse lay crooked so that the forefeet in the breast touched almost the first pair of the hinder feet For here between the first conjugation of the hinder feet and the second the skin was broken So that the Nymph was covered with her former skin wherein was her head and breast with 6. feet and part of her belly with the two first The skin and the Aurelia being removed within there lay a perfect male young silk-worm and it had been living as appeared for that striving to come forth two dayes before I made Infection he had wet the case with his moysture and the 19 of July when I perfectly freed him he shew'd clear signs of motion in his belly and feet The cause why he could not clear himself and come forth was found in the close sticking of the Silk-worm's skull and of the fore-feet the coat being fastned to it by nature Therefore though in the back of the Thorax he had made a gap both in the Aurelia and the cast skin yet could he not pull forth his head and feet so he fainted by degrees Here I observed the policy of Nature For when in putting off the cast skin the forefeet are plucked off and the hinder feet depart also yet there are prints left under which afterwards others grow up And the sins of the wings were inserted into the holes of the old silk-worm and the whole head of the new silk-worm with the horns of the head were shut in a covering This was the male The Female quite dead seemed yet more monstrous The Silk-work being finished which was a great silk case and as long as two joynts of ones little finger but the males was thinner a great deal The silk-worm strove to cast off the skin that was white light and shining within side but outwardly hairy and yellowish and he had drawn forth his whole back that bunched forth extreamly his foreparts being contracted circularly but he could not free himself of the little mouth that stuck too fast Wherefore there you might see the head of the cast skin the crown of the Nympha and of the Necydalus joyn'd together which conjunction kept the skin upon the belly that it could not be totally cast off and drawn forth Wherefore it stuck so with the point of the belly as if it were shut into a sack and bound about the head but a hole being made on the backside it might have drawn forth the back but it would yet have stuck by the head and fundament so lying crooked and dead The cast skin was thus Out of this also stuck forth the Aurelia as concerning the upper part Again out of the Aurelia almost the entire young Silk-worm had wrested it self breaking the shell on the back-side and in the wonted place but the head stuck fast not to be pull'd asunder as also the outmost parts of the belly In the belly put forth was seen a great number of yellow eggs For the female presently within the Aurelia perfects her Eggs in her matrix but they are unfruitfull till the male besprinkled them I saw one lay eggs that had coupled with no male Hence it was clear how Nature puts off the old skin with the form of it first and then passeth into a Nymph the Aurelia whereof being again put off out comes the Necydalus This was a triple formed Monster worthy to contemplate of In this also you might observe the Aurelia on that part the wings were marked to be black and dark as if it had been in hot smoke then how â—uch the female Necydalus had striven to come forth was plain by the eyes that stuck out in the distances of the skaly circles Sometimes the circles of the belly stick together by contiguitie a thin skin coming between them But in this the circles were so disjoynted that the girdle of the juncture was larger than the circle The top of the belly of the cast skin and of the Aurelia were transparent against the light so that you might exactly discover all about it The end of the Necydalus came as far as the middle capacity of the Aurelia the Necydalus was hairy about the back though imperfectly as also the wings were not yet of their full bignesse And thus much for Monsters When the Necydalus is lusty it is full of life chiefly in the breast For when the head and tail are cut off it will move the wings strongly and run with its feet and that till the next day or longer The female being cut in the belly shews her matrix full of Eggs that when 400 are laid there are more behind It seemed to be wrapped in a very thin coat There appeared also some nervous pipes like the passages of the guts In the middle of the belly a little bladder was seen containing an earthy juyce that was yellow or russet colour This bladder of it self had a continual systole and diastole I thought the principle of life was there as in the heart About the neck of the matrix there was a double white nervous knot like to the bladder of animals it was hard and shining and that within the belly I shall speak of the dug-like processions afterwards There was one little knot that was bigger and another that was lesse The neck of the matrix is like to a pipe to which being full of juice there are joyn'd without on both sides two yellow knots like to brests About the neck there is a circle with horny reins that are broad and blunter on the top with which she takes hold of the genital of the male The breast is fleshy The head is membranous and horny The horns triangular with a white back sticking up but the wings are let down on both sides to make the Triangle If you cut them off whilest they are alive a kind of transparent juice comes forth of the back as out of a pin-feather and there appears a hole within Thus I found the female which I opened whilest she was living When she was dead there was nothing found in her belly but a notable cavity of her belly near to her breast and then that vital humour in the bladder though it now was no longer living after that the reliques of the matrix that was emptied which were nervous and membranous The upper parts of the male agree with the female If you opâ—n his belly you shall find much red matter within and besides that a tallow matter full of nerves to which the genital passage is fastned He hath a peculiar genital wanting other things that belong to the female The History of it is this Under the tail environed with a long Down there is a notable hole under a membranous circle as hard as horn that is divided as it were into two teeth In the middle of this compasse there is the three forked neck of the genital part