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A22011 Toxophilus the schole of shootinge contayned in tvvo bookes. To all gentlemen and yomen of Englande, pleasaunte for theyr pastyme to rede, and profitable for theyr use to folow, both in war and peace ... Ascham, Roger, 1515-1568. 1545 (1545) STC 837; ESTC S104391 106,118 194

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knowinge no more what is to be done in a tempest than in a caulme shall soone becumme a marchaunt of Eele skinnes so that shoter whiche putteth no difference but shooteth in all lyke in rough wether and fayre shall alwayes put his wynninges in his eyes Ly●le botes and thinne boordes can not endure the rage of a tempest Weake bowes lyght shaftes can not stande in a rough wynde And lyke wyse as a blynde man which shoulde go to a place where he had neuer ben afore that hath but one strayghte waye to it and of eyther syde hooles and pyttes to faule into nowe falleth in to this hole and than into that hole and neuer cōmeth to his iourney ende but wandereth alwaies here and there farther and farther of So that archer which ignorauntly shoteth considering neyther fayer nor foule standynge nor nockynge fether nor head drawynge nor lowsyng nor yet any compace shall alwayes shote shorte and gone wyde and farre of and neuer cumme nere excepte perchaunce he stumble sumtyme on the marke For ignoraunce is nothynge elles but mere blyndenesse A mayster of a shippe first learneth to knowe the cum myng of a tempest the nature of it and howe to behaue hym selfe in it eyther with chaungynge his course or poullynge downe his hye toppes and brode sayles beyng glad to eschue as muche of the wether as he can Euen so a good archer wyl fyrste wyth diligent vse and markynge the wether learne to knowe the nature of the wynde and with wysedome wyll measure in hys mynde howe muche it wyll alter his shoote eyther in lengthe kepynge or els in streyght shotynge and so with chaunging his standynge or takynge an other shafte the whiche he knoweth perfytlye to be fitter for his pourpose eyther bycause it is lower fethered orels bycause it is of a better wyng wyll so handle with discretion hys shoote that he shall seeme rather to haue the wether vnder hys rule by good hede gyuynge than the wether to rule hys shafte by any sodayne chaungyng Therefore in shootynge there is as muche difference betwixt an archer that is a good wether man and an other that knoweth and marketh nothynge as is betwixte a blynde man and he that can se. Thus as concernynge the wether a perfyte archer muste firste learne to knowe the sure flyghte of his shaftes that he may be boulde alwayes to trust them than muste he learne by daylye experience all maner of kyndes of wether the tokens of it whan it wyll cumme the nature of it whan it is cūme the diuersitie and alteryng of it whan it chaungeth the decrease diminishing of it whā it ceaseth Thirdly these thinges knowen and euery shoote diligentlye marked than must a man cōpare alwayes the wether and his footyng togyther and with discretion measure them so that what so euer the roughe wether shall take awaye from hys shoote the same shal luste footynge restore agayne to hys shoote Thys thynge well knowen and discretelye handeled in shootynge bryngeth more profite and commendation and prayse to an Archer than any other thynge besydes He that woulde knowe perfectly the winde and wether muste put differences betwixte tymes For diuersitie of tyme causeth diuersitie of wether as in the whole yeare Sprynge tyme Somer Faule of the leafe and Winter Lykewyse in one day Mornynge Noonetyme After noone and Euentyde bothe alter the wether and chaunge a mā●es bowe wyth the strength of man also And to knowe that this is so is ynough for a shoter artillerie and not to serche the cause why it shoulde be so whiche belongeth to a learned man and Philosophie In consydering the tyme of the yeare a wyse Archer wyll folowe a good Shipman In Winter rough wether smal bootes and lytle pinkes forsake the seas And at one tyme of the yeare no Gallies come abrode So lykewyse weake Archers vsyng small and holowe shaftes with bowes of litle pith muste be content to gyue place for a tyme. And this I do not saye eyther to discōmende or discourage any weake shooter For lykewyse as there is no shippe better than Gallies be in a softe and a caulme sea so no man shooteth cumlier or nerer hys marke than some weake archers doo in a fayre and cleare daye Thus euery archer must knowe not onely what bowe and shafte is fittest for him to shoote withall but also what tyme season is best for hym to shote in And surely in al other matters to amonge al degrees of men there is no man which doth any thing eyther more discretely for his commendation or yet more profitable for his aduauntage than he which wyll knowe perfitly for what matter and for what tyme he is moost apte and fit Yf men woulde go aboute matters whych they should do and be fit for not suche thynges whyche wylfullye they desyre yet be vnfit for verely greater matters in the cōmon welthe than shootyng shoulde be in better case than they be This ignorauncie in men whyche know not for what tyme and to what thynge they be fit causeth some wyshe to be riche for whome it were better a greate deale to be poore other to be medlynge in euery mans matter for whome it were more honestie to be quiete and styll Some to desire to be in the Courte whiche be borne and be fitter rather for the carte Somme to be maysters and rule other whiche neuer yet began to rule them selfe some alwayes to iangle and taulke whych rather shoulde heare and kepe silēce Some to teache which rather should learne Some to be prestes whiche were fy●ter to be clerkes And thys peruerse iudgement of y● worlde when men mesure them selfe a misse bringeth muche mysorder and greate vnsemelynesse to the hole body of the common wealth as yf a manne should were his hoose vpon his heade or a woman go wyth a sworde and a buckeler euery man would take it as a greate vncumlynesse although it be but a tryfle in respecte of the other Thys peruerse iudgement of men hindreth no thynge so much as learuynge bycause commonlye those whych be vnfittest for learnyng be cheyfly set to learnynge As yf a man nowe a dayes haue two sonnes the one impotent weke s●ckly lispynge stuttynge and stamerynge or hauynge any misshape in his bodye what doth the father of suche one commonlye saye This boye is fit for nothynge els but to set to lernyng and make a prest of as who would say y● outcastes of the worlde hauyng neyther countenaūce tounge nor wit for of a peruerse bodye cūmeth commonly a peruerse mynde be good ynough to make those men of whiche shall be appoynted to preache Goddes holye woorde and minister hys blessed sacramentes besydes other moost weyghtye matters in the common welthe put ofte tymes and worthelye to learned mennes discretion and charge whan rather suche an offyce so hygh in dignitie so godlye in administration shulde be committed to no man whiche shulde not haue a countenaunce full of cumlynesse to allure good