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A06400	The whole course of chirurgerie wherein is briefly set downe the causes, signes, prognostications & curations of all sorts of tumors, wounds, vlcers, fractures, dislocations & all other diseases, vsually practiced by chirurgions, according to the opinion of all our auncient doctours in chirurgerie. Compiled by Peter Lowe Scotchman, Arellian, Doctor in the Facultie of Chirurgerie in Paris, and chirurgian ordinarie to the most victorious and christian King of Fraunce and Nauarre. Whereunto is annexed the presages of diuine Hippocrates.	Lowe, Peter, ca. 1550-ca. 1612.; Hippocrates. Prognostics. English. aut	1597 (1597)	STC 16869.5; ESTC S109645	196,926	302

poore mans guide to heale all kindes of burning in a shott time with one emplaister onely wherewith I haue had good effect at diuers times This remedie is very good easie to be had and healeth without skarre Take the barke of an Elme tree steepe it a night in water take it out in the morning ye shall perceiue a ielly on the inner side of it wipe off that ielly with a feather or thy finger anoint the sore therewith and it healeth as is aforesaid And thus we ende the Treatise of Vlcers THE SEVENTH TREATISE of Fractures and dislocations and embalming contayneth foure Chapters By Peter Low Arellian Chapter 1. Of Fractures in generall Chapter 2. Of Curation of Fractures Chapter 3. Of Dislocations generall and particular Chapter 4. Of Embalming of dead bodies The first Chapter of Fractures in generall CO Hauing intreated heretofore of maladies which happen in the soft partes as the skinne and flesh heere wee will prosecute those which happen in hard and solide partes as the boanes and first of Fractures what is then a Fracture LO It is a generall diuision or disscision or solution of continuitie in the boane CO. How many kindes of Fractures are there LO Three the first is ouertwart breaking the second in length and the third obliquely in this kinde of Fracture the the pointes of the bones enter in the flesh and causeth dolor by the pricking of the flesh and nerues CO. Are these kindes of Fractures simple or composed LO Sometime simple otherwhiles composed with wound inflamation gangren dolor and such like CO. Differ they not after another manner LO They differ according to the partes where the Fracture is as Fracture in the head nose backe legges fingers and such like CO. Which are the causes of Fractures LO Haly Abbas saith also Galen that all outward thinges that haue force to bruise breake cutte or cleaue are sufficient to cause Fracture CO. Which are the Signes of Fractures LO Auicen Rasis Celsus say that by the sight and feeling the parte with the hande thou shalt perceiue it vnequall and also feele and heare a noyse in handling harder there shall be dolor in the part CO. Which are the Iudgements of Fractures LO Fractures in hard bo●●es and drie as in olde folke are more difficill and longer in healing then soft and humide in young people Auicen saith that Fractures in chollericke and old folke are difficill in very olde folke impossible Fractures of the ribbes with inflamation spitting of bloud are most dangerous CO. Of all sorts of Fractures which are easie to heale which difficill and dangerous LO All Fractures i● the ribbes which are simple in the middest of the legges or armes and fingers made ouerthwart are not dangerous All fractures neare the ioynts and in the heads of the bones are difficill and the motion afterwards not good those which presse inward are worse than those which go out All fractures in the head how little so euer they be are dāgerous all fractures where they are many broken peces are dangerous those with wound are difficill because the bādage cannot be done without dolor of the wounde Celsus saith that fractures in the thigh are euill because the mēber remaineth alwaies shorter all those that are eminēt have much marrow are dangerous CO. Are all fractures healed in a certaine space LO Some are longer some shorter according to the greatnes hardnes and drynes fractures in the head are healed in 35. daies in the thigh in 45. daies in the legges and armer in 40. daies the nose in 16. daies the ribbes in 20. daies in the iawes the shoulder clauicles handes feete are healed in 20. daies in the haunch and point of the shoulder in 40. daies and likewise in other places according to nature of the bone the age the aire and time of the yeare and constitution of the body the dyet medicaments and gouernment of the sick which things duely done do shorten the time of the cure The defect of the aliment viscous is helped by fomēting with hot water the oft pessing and shifting it doth prolong the time as also straight ligatures so in dede there is no ●imited but some are longer some shorter time in healing as we see by day experience The second Chapter of curation of factures in Generall IN the precedent Chapter ye haue heard what fracture is with the causes signes and Iudgments now remayneth the cure for the which ye must consider first if there be inflammation to differ the reduction till it be past for to auoyd great accidēts than we must haue a quātity of whites of eggs oyle of Roses beaten together cloth cōpresses bandes fe●ules machins lacs oxycrate men to help thee with other things necessary for the purpose hauing al these in readines there remaineth yet fiue pointes the first is in extension of the member which is done by laying it on a bench or other place proper the sick being well situated there must be two persons to hold the member fractured the one at the nether part the other at the vpper part of the which one draweth vp an other down to make the extension if the hands bee not suffitient to do this wee take cords or strong cloth and bind fast the member one to the vpper part an other to the nether which shal be drawne by two men contrarie as ye haue heard For the same purpose ye may vse glossocomes if great force bee needefull beware of extensiō chiefly in dry bodies for feare of dolor feuer and conuulsion The second intentision after the extensiō is made thou shalt take the mēber softly with thy hands reduce the bones in situation naturall then lose the machins that the muscles may go to their owne naturall The third intension is to binde it well to hold it in the estate vnmouing it is done by medicament● bandage we apply for the first time an emplastrū astringēt or defensiue made of bol frie flower whites of egs oyle of roses it shal be best to rub the māber with cerat galen oyle of roses mirtill or mastick before the applicatiō of the astringēt the cloth must be wet in oxycrate the bands also Therafter bind the member of the which our auntient vsed only two kindes to wit the vnder band which Hipp. calleth Hypodesmedy the vpper band which he calleth Hypodesmos The nether band is deuided into 2. or 3. the first is short beginning right on the fracture wearing vpward toward the knee if the fracture be in the legge the volutiōs must be close together this kind of bādage letteth the fluxion on the member hurt The second band which must be longer shall begin in the same fashion making 2. or 3. circumuolutions on the fracture cōducing downwards this bandage maketh expression of the blood which was

of naturall vnion and howe many wayes it is done LO Two wayes eyther without mediation but by succession of time groweth together as the nether iaw boane which manifestly is distinguished in children or else by mediation and is done three wayes to witte the cartilage as the boane pubis secondly by the nerue or tendon as the sternon and as illium are ioyned together thirdly by flesh as the teeth are fastened This as also all the Anotomie is most perfectly declared by Robert Achymutie Chirurgian of Edenburgh sometime Chirurgian in the great Hospitall of Paris CO. What is Dislocation LO It is an outgoing of the boane out of the naturall seate which letteth the mouing CO. Howe many differences are there of Dislocations LO Three of the which the first is called complete when the boane is altogether out of the place the second is imcomplete when the boane is not altogether but a little out the third is distortion elongation or peruertion of the ligament CO. How many wayes is Dislocation complete done LO Foure wayes before behinde outward and inward some vp some downe but not oft seene CO. Howe many differences hath incomplet LO It hath three the first that the ligament in the ioynt and about it is relaxed as chaunceth in the haunch the seconde when the ligament is forced by great violence as the legge or foote in making a wrong or croked steppe the thirde is when by little and little the ligament relaxeth bringeth the boane after it as chaunceth in the backe CO. How many differences hath the third which is called distortion LO No difference but onely the boane is made longer from the other CO. Which are the causes of luxation LO Two to witte externe and interne CO. Which are the externe LO Falles or stroakes and too violent extending of the member violently again●● the figure naturall CO. Which are the interne LO Great aboundance of humor pituitous gathered in the ioynture which humecteth the ligamentes and maketh them softe and humide so the boane goeth out or by the extenuation of the muscles about the ioynture CO. Howe knowe you Dislocation LO By the extraordinarie tumor of the place by the emptinesse of the place where the boane was by the priuation of the moouing accompanied with dolor CO. By what iudgement or signe knowe you those that are easie and those that are difficill and those which are incureable and mortall LO I iudge by the kinde and diuersitie of the Dislocation and bodie as for example the 〈◊〉 is easie to goe forth to goe in also the finger in like manner members leane and where the nerues and ligamentes haue store of humiditie and moistnesse the arme difficill to goe forth and hard to put in againe and in grosse fatte and tender people those with fracture and apostume are euill to heale those are very difficill that haue the sides broken those which haue bene long out are almost impossible the two vppermost vertebres of the necke beeing out letteth the spiration and so the partie dieth within the space of three dayes CO. What method vse you for the cure hereof LO The methode generall for all Dislocations hath foure intentions the first is to put the boane in his owne proper place the extension of the member first made with handes or machins the second intention is to coatinue it in the place by good medicamentes and bandages as in Fractures the third is to put the member in right situation the fourth to giue order to the accidentes as by good dyet purging and bleeding if neede be reduce the Fracture before the inflamation be come otherwise stay till it bee past when it is neare whole or the accidentes past we shal vse thinges to corroborate and comfort the parte with certaine simples sodde in wine next the emplaister oxycrosiū or ad fracturas CO. If the Dislocation chaunce with Fracture what is to be done LO First reduce the Dislocation next the Fracture if it be possible some reduce the Fracture next the Dislocation it being reduced and the Dislocation simple foment with oyle of roses whites of egges and cloth wette in oxicrate with splintes putting it in good figure with as little paine as may be It must not be stirred till the 7. day except inflamation or some euill accident doe fall at which time foment it with hot water thereafter the astringent as in Fractures keepe good dyet eate little for 4. or sixe dayes till the inflamation be past If the Dislocation be composed with causes interne as aboundance of humors which looseth the ligamentes wee vse astringent and drying medicines if it be accompanied with dolor and inflamation cure it as yee haue heard if feuer vse good dyet purgations and bleeding in the ende of the cure corroborate the parte with decoction of roses wormewood and wine thereafter the emplaister of oxycrosium The fourth Chapter of the embalming of dead folke SEeing that embalming of the dead is an auncient custome as appeareth by the olde and newe Testament and also prophane histories that the same is vsed in these our dayes aswell of Christians as infidelles I will shew the vsuall maner of it vsed in this our time First we lay the body o● a table and make incision from the clauicles to the os pubis next lift the sternon as also the musces of the inferior bellie taking out all which is contayned therein as also the braynes hauing first opened the panne with a saw which all shall be presently buryed in the earth sauing the heart which shall be embalmed eyther with the bodie or alone in a box of lead as the friendes shall thinke good ●hereafter thou shalt make long deepe incisions in the armes thighes buttocks and legges and other fleshie partes chiefly where there are veines and arters to the end they may the better auoyde which thing being done thou shalt diligently wash the three venters as also the partes incised with stronge vineger wherein hath been sodden Worme-wood Allom and Salt thereafter with Aqui●itae or fine spirite of Wine doe the lyke then dry all well with Lynnen clothes or sponges and fill vp the three bellies with pouders and a fewe flockes and sow them vp againe the incision shall be filled onely with the pouders and sowed vp likewise the pouders are commonly of Roses Camomill Meliot Mint Worme-wood Sage Lauendar Rosemary Marioram Time Cipres Gentian Iris of Florence all being dryee and beaten to fine pouder and mixed with Nutmeggs Cloues Cinamon Pepper Bengewin Aloes and Mirre Some vse onely for this purpose a fewe the most common of those hearbes with a little quick lime ashes of beane stalkes and of the Oake tree thereafter enroll the Corps in a cered cloth and tie him in all parts with small cords and put it in a coffer of lead well closed This is the common way to preserue dead bodies eyther vnder or aboue the earth for a

time nature ingendreth a certaine peice of flesh in the hole of descent The twentie sixe Chapter of the rupture Zirball called Epip●cele EPipocele is a descent of the caule in the codde or flanck the Cause is not different from the precedent accompanied with aboundance of humidities in these partes the Signes are like the precedent sauing that it is softer and vneasie to reduce not dolorous The Cure must bee like to the intestine in all cutting the production that falleth knitte canterize it to let the fluxe of bloud of the veines and arters whereof commeth great danger if it be reduced and yet bleedeth it causeth fluxe of the bellie and often death The twentie seuen Chapter of the waterie Herne called Hydrocele or Hernia aquosa THE waterie Herne is a Tumor in the coddes which groweth by little and little sometime to great bignesse and is contayned sometime in the codde otherwhiles betwixt the membranes that couer the stones called Dartos and Heretroidos sometime within them sometime it is accompanied with the gu●te and is called Hydrointerocele The Cause is like as yee haue heard in Hydropsie and is a particular Hydropsie sometime stroakes the vesselles being riuen the bloud chaungeth into a waterie humor The Signes are the Tumor is cleare and becommeth long still in one estate not painefull heauie sometime hard and is knowne by holding the codde betwixt thee the candle and beeing inclosed in membranes it appeareth to bee a third testicle The Iudgementes some resolue oftentimes the intestine also falleth chiefely in the left side by reason of the milte which is full of colde melancholicke humor which oftentimes corrupteth the testicle As for the Cure the sicke must be purged with fitte medicines according to the nature of the humor vse meane exercises meates hotte and drie in small quantitie abstayning from drinke and keepe thy bellie loose sleepe little and prouoke vrine by diureticke thinges abstaine from all things which breed winde The particular remedies are in vsing fomentations as in Hydropsie next the astringent emplaister made of redde desi●catiue the vnguent Comitisse with the pouder of lapis calaminaris extinguished in vineger oaker balaust bol armenie allom mustard seede and euphors malax all together with a little oyle of camomil and lay on the sore If these remedies suffice not by reason of the great quantitie of the water we put a Seton through the lowest part ●f the codde and drawe it twise euery day till the humor be euacuated If the humor be in the membranes that couer the stones make incision in the side of the codde eschewing the testicle put a tente in it and dresse it twise a day keepe it open till the humor be euacuated vse remedies anodi●us for to appease the dolor and ●ic catrize it as other woundes The twentie eight Chapter of the Herne windie called Physocele THis Herne is a collection of winde in the Scroton called Hernia ventosa the Cause is imbecillitie of natural heate in these partes and phlegmaticke matter with such other causes as yee haue heard in windie apostumes The Signes are the Tumor is somewhat hard light round sodainely ingendred occupying for the most part the s●roton and wand resisting to the touch cleare as a bladderfull of winde the wande greater in one place then in another The Iudgementes if this vapour dissip not it causeth many euilles sometime occupying the whole bodie and proceedeth often of matter venenous The Cure shall be first in good dyet as in Edema next to applie on the place thinges resolutiue and corroboratiue as yee haue heard in windie apostumes some allowe the plaister of Vigo with mercurie or diapalma malaxed with wine also the dregges of claret wine boiled with bran laid warm on the place The twentie nine Chapter of the Herne carnosa called Sarcocele THis is a Tumor in the cod sometimes in the membrans dartos and heretroidos chiefely about the stones like vnto a tumor schirrous and as it were accompanied with veines varicous The Cause is aboundance of grosse humors in these partes which doth corrupt the testicles and at last degendreth into a harde fleshie disposition The Signes are vnequall tumor hard alwayes in one estate dolorous and being touched all which is in the testicle doth moue The Iudgementes are that when it happeneth to young folke and handled in the beginning it doth some time heale but commonly it is incureable and the worst of all the eight kindes If by feeling it at the vppermost parte of the didim it seeme vnnaturall great the tumor is incureable and better it is not to touch it then to attempt any cure if ye finde the didim small there is some hope of cure For the which we must scituate the sicke as yee haue heard next make the incision in the vpper part of the cod knitte the didim and canterize it as ye haue heard in interocele If it adhere to the codde separate it and cutte off the testicle with the excrescence if after the incision there commeth inflammation and dolor let the patient bleede and rest fiue or sixe dayes as counselleth Franco and leaue the cure to giue order to the accidentes The thrrtie Chapter of the Herne varicous called C●rsocele THis Herne is a Tumor and dilation of the veines that nourish the testicles which are full of melancholicke bloud and also the membranes hereof The Cause is some grosse humor or melancholick bloud gathered in that part by reason of the debilitie and decliuitie of the place and heauinesse of the humor The Signes are the repletion of the veines sometime fewe in number sometime many wrapped together like a vine braunch soft in touch and returning into the bellie by pressing on the didime The iudgmentes are it is without dolor most dangerous and difficill to be cured as ye shall heare in the varices of the legges The cure shal be first in purging the bodie of melancholick then bleede if neede be therefore make incisiō on the scroton the breadth of two fingers in the place of the varice thereafter make passe a needle with double thread vnder the varice and in the vpper part of the woūd an other in the lower part leauing an inch betwixte then open the varice and euacuate the humor contayned if there be any moe doe the like that done knitt the thread and handle the wound as others If the testicle be infiltred with veines accompanied with dolor that it may not bee handled this way the didime must bee cut as in the pre●●dent and so proceede in the cure The one and thirtieth Chapter of the herne Hum●rall THis herne is an aposthume and defluxion of humors together in the codd or membranes that couer the testicles and sometime in their proper

to the accidents Parey telleth of a man from whome hee drewe 100. sauce●s of bloode in Foure dayes who thereby was cured and otherwise hadde dyed Shaue the heade and applye Cataplasmes of Flower of Beanes and Oxymell with the Oyle of Roses and suche lyke that are somewhat cold and humide vse frictions and ligators on the extremities ventouses on the shoulders sometime to open the veine puppis ftontis sub lingua and the arter on the temples Abstaine in the sicknes and long after from women and perturbations of the minde The p●rticular is thus first we consider if the bone be broken that must be trepained rōged or lifted for the doing wherof the place must first be incis●d as ye haue heard yet it is not needfull to trepaune in all fractions and cleftes for sometime the first table is offended yet not penetrating to the diploy otherwhiles the duploy con●used the secōd table whole somtime the broken bone is a litle lifted so that the matter contained hath place to pa●●e and therfore it is not nedefull to trepan If any pece of bone the dura mater it must be drawn by fit instruments the trepan is good whē the clefts in the are so litle that the matter cānot euacuat yet it is not mete to trepanne in all fractures as ye haue heard no● to discouer the brains without necessity good iudgmēt so that the yōg Chirurgian may not so hastily as in times past trepan for euery simple fracture I wil shew whē trepaning shold be vsed for what cause in what places also the way to trepan well First the Chirurgiā shall well consider the stroke Simptomes if it be litle the veins betwixt the 〈◊〉 tables o● those that hold vp the dura mater with the ●rane be offēded the blood fallen on the membrane then the trepan must be vsed to withdraw that matter which other wise wold cause death somtime it must be vsed for the out taking of the litle bones that p●ick the mēbrane also that more cōmodiously we may apply our remedies In al these things Hipp. coūselleth to trepan When the fracture is inthe first table we vse the trepan exfoliatiue to giue issue to the blood which is betwixt the tables The time we shold trepan is 2. or 3. daies at the furthest after the hurt long delay causeth defluxion of humors on the dura mater which putrifieth causeth inflammation so incōtinent after we haue perceiued the offence of the crane and that the membranes suffer which is knowne by the sond or finger we should trepanne in the beginning yet sometime stay till the 7.10 or 14. day which is dangerous for which cause bee aduised in iudging therein Then wee must know what places may indure the trepanne which not for to auoid diuers accidents considering first if the boane be broken and separated in diuers pieces which if it be the pieces must bee lifted by fitte instruments and not by the trepan In like māner we must not trepan on the fractures for that cutteth the veines arters filamentes which passe betwixt the pericrane and dura mater and cause great dolor and hemoragie of bloud for the which cause if occasion constraine vs to trepanne in those partes we applie the trepan on both sides of the future for the auoiding of the foresaid accidents as also for euacuation of the humor contayned The Trepan in like sort must not be applied on the open of the head in young children being yet soft and not solide nor on the temples for the muscles temporal where there is abundance of arters membranes nerues whereof commeth great fluxe of b●oud feuer conuulsion with other euill accidentes yet if fracture doth chaunce in those partes we apply the trepan a little aboue the saide muscle temporall Wee must not trepanne on the boane petrosa which is vnder the saide muscle nor on the boane of the eies because there is great cauitie full of ayre and humiditie ordayned by nature to prepare the ayre that goeth to the braines And these are the places which we should eschew in applying the trepan yet I haue seene some trepanned in these places and heale but no● without great hazard The way to trepanne is thus First scituate the head of the hurt in good scituation and holden by some body that it doe not wagge close his eares with cotton haue a good fire least the colde ayre enter on the membranes which may make putrefaction then the Trepan perforatiue shall be applyed to make a hole for the pyramide of the great Trepan next apply the whole Trepan with the pyramide turning it about softly till thou hast made a way with the teeth of the Trepan then take out the pyramide otherwise it shall passe offend the membranes continue in turning softly the Trepan sometime to lift it to put off the sawinges of the bone and when thou art at the duploy which shall be perceyued by the outcōming of the bloud you shall consider if it be needefull to passe further as yee haue heard take good heede in trepanning of the second table lifting oft the Trepan and sounding if it be neere cut if it be more cutte on the one side then the other presse the Trepan on the thickest part and in this take good heede for often in cutting the one before the other thou scratche●t the dura mater which causeth inflamation and death being almost cutte assay with the eleuator to draw it without violence if there be much of the sawinges on the dura mater take them out This I thought good to aduertise the young Chirurgian touching this operation which being done thou perceiuest if the membrane be inflamed o● in any wise altered as oft happeneth and is most daungerous for which we giue clysters drawe bloud and vse fomentations on the place of anodins and repercussiues If there bee alteration make a medicin of honney of roses syrrupe of wormewood aquauitae with a little aloes and myrrhe some adde to it a little white wine If there bee great putrefaction put thereto a little Egiptiac if there be neither inflamation nor alteration it shall suffice onely a little aquauitae with honey of roses so continuing till the membranes be mundified applying alwayes the medicin● hotte and cure it afterwardes as oth●r woundes Vse alwayes aswell in this as all woundes of the head the emplaister veneticum prescribed in the poore mans guide and also the emplaister of betonica or diacalci●●os malaxed with wine There is great iudgement to be vsed in doing this operation and fewe there are founde that doe it well Many I haue seene of verye learned and expert men and heard of diuers to my great ioy comfort among which Gilbert Primrose and Iohn Nessmith Chirurgians to the King of Scotland men very expert in this operation like as in all operations chirurgicals God increase the number of such learned men in this

be like the matter of the Apostume with Residence white and pointed and thereby the dolour ceaseth there is hope But if the dolour be not asswaged and the bladder mollified and the feuer taken away by such Vrine iudge present death and this happeneth more to Children of Seauen or Foureteene yeeres of age than to any others Heere endeth the second Booke THE THIRD BOOKE OF Presages of deuine Hippocrates To presage of Feuers THE End of the Feuer happeneth to one and that with death and to an other with life in the same day And if it tende vnto life all good signes doe appeare in the first dayes whereby thou shalt prognosticate the end in the 4. day or before And if the Feuer be mortall all euill signes giue notice of death in the 4. day or before the first period and day of iudgement or cretication and the ende or tearme of the Feuer is as we haue said in the 4. day the second on the seuenth the sixt on the 20 day the which nomber doth augment by quaternaries and is produced to the 20. day in the Feuer and hotte maladies and they ought to be nombred by whole quaternaries For the yeere and moneth cannot be counted by nomber of whole complete dayes as by this computation wee make three weekes of 20. dayes which is called one moneth or yeere of the Moone So after this computation and augmentation the first shall be the 20. day the second the 40. day the third the 60. day and it is to bee noted that the cronile maladies are of long continuance and of more difficill indicature knowledge and prognostication Therefore it must be looked vnto more exactly For their beginninges are secret and shewe no signe of digestion If therefore you will diligently contemplate it you shal be able to prognosticate to what ende the Feuer shall come Likewise the quartan Feuer obserueth the foresaid matter in his cretications and iudicatures or weekes of Iudgement For that which is done in others by nomber of dayes in this is done by nomber of sittes and periods The short briefe maladies are of more easie presagement and knowledge For it chaungeth presently in the first dayes from good to better or from badde to worse The healthfull signes are knowne by this that the patient hath good easie breath and feeles no dolour and sleepes in the night and other holsome signes The mortall or dangerous are knowne when the patient hath difficultie of breath great dolour and resteth not in the night with other badde signes whereby one may prognosticate death To the ende thou mayest presage well thou shalt consider all the signes of digestion the time houres and dayes in which the sicke are most afflicted And if the Maladie happen to women in childbirth or soone after they be deliuered beginne to reckon from the day of her deliuerie and not from the day wherein the feuer began Also to speake generally when one feeles vehement dolour in the head continue with any Feuer If there happen any euill signe with the foresaide it is a signe of death But if the dolour and feuer continue and perseuer to the 20. day thou mayest presage fluxe of bloud at the nose or apostumes in the inferiour partes of the body if there be no other signe Sometime also there happeneth in the beginning first daies fluxe of bloud at the nose or apostumes principally when the dolor is in the forehead parts neere adioyning And it is to be noted that the said fluxe of bloud happeneth most often to persons of 30 or 35. yeers of age And apostumes or collections to those which are elder Also if the patient in the continuall feuer hath great dolour and apostumes in the eare it is a dangerous signe For often times the person looseth his vnderstanding and dyeth Therefore one ought well to speculate the good and euill signes in the beginning of the maladie for young persons sicke of this maladie doe often die in seuen dayes But olde persons die not so soone For the Feuer cannot bee so hotte in them nor the alienation of the spirit so vehement Therefore the Apostume commeth to maturation suppuration and mattir But if olde persons haue the relapse they cōmonly die And the yong die before that the Apostume of the eare come to maturation except that which commeth forth be white digested with other good signes then they recouer their health Also if there happen in the continuall feuer and hotte maladie vlceration of the throat or windpipe it is most dangerous and badde especially when there happeneth other maligne and mortall signes To Presage of the Squinancie ALl manner of Squinancie is dangerous for it killeth the person presently especially when there is no appearance of apostume or tumor vpon the necke or in the throat and that hee suffereth grieuous dolour and cannot aspire nor respire or drawe his breath Then it killeth the patient in the first second thirde or fourth day at the furthest Also when eminence and great rednesse appeareth with vehement dolour it is no lesse dangerous but more tardy and of longer continuance But where there is eminence and rednesse vpon the necke or throat but especially in the breast it is more tardy and lesse dangerous then the 2. superior kinds And if it do not hide it selfe and go in againe it is a good signe But if the said Squinancie tumor doth augment in the day of cretication that it do not purge outwardly or by the spittle although the diseased person feele himselfe eased and without great dolour it is an euill signe and mortall or signe of Relapse It is It is then a better signe and lesse dangerous when the tumor and rednesse appeareth outwardly For if it descend vnto the lightes the patient is in danger to loose his vnderstanding although sometimes the said collection come to suppuration mattir and purgation To Presage of the V●ula Gargarion or Collumella IT is a thing daungerous and mortall to incise the V●ula Gargarion or Collumella being swollen grosse or redde For eyther it is found in an Apostume and inflamation or else there followeth great fluxe of bloud Therefore one must labour to heale and cure the patient by some other meanes And if he cannot that it be liuide or pale and that the superiour part be little and not tumified nor swollen but the inferiour parte tumified and rounde you may without danger incise and open it and so cure it And if you knowe that the patient is not in daunger to fall into suffocation and so die the chiefe thing shall be to purge the belly if you haue the oportunitie and time Here that deuine Hippocrates returneth to speake of feuers WHen the hotte Feuer doth not cease nor giue rest to the Patient in one or moe dayes of cretication without other good signes thou mayest prognosticate Relapse And in the Feuer with healthfull Signes as when the patient is not molested with great

dolour nor labour there is no other manifest cause thou mayest prognosticate apostume and inflamation in the winters and inferiour partes and speacially to those who do not exceed 30. or 35. yeeres N●uerthelesse the same apostume doeth not often happen before the 20. day of the Feuer specially to those who are aged although that the feuer continue longer to olde persons then to young such apostume also doth happen commonly in continual feuers which keepeth no order nor māner of accesse or fittes called wandering or vncertaine feuers viz. afflicting twise or thrise a day then ceasing as much and afterward they returne without obseruing any order Oftentimes they change into quartan feuers especially about haruest And as the foresaid apostume doeth happen most often to young persons so the quartan feuer happeneth to men and women that are in yeeres And as for the nature of the Apostumes they doe most vsually and commonly happen in winter but are most slow and prolixe and lesse subiect to relaxe ¶ To presage by signes of vomiting in Feuers WHen it seemes to the feb●●citant that their is flies and black things appeare before his eyes with dolor in the head without other bad signes or mortall thou mayst presage vomiting of yealow chollor especially when the patient feeles dolor at the mouth or opening of the stomack And if he feele stiffenes chilues or cold with it in the inferior parts vnder the Hypp●condria the vomiting shall bee so much the more hastened And if the patient doe thē eate and take repasse he shall presently vomit And to presage most apparantly when the dolor of the head molesteth the person in the first day of the feuer be augmēted the fourth or fift day the feuer will end on the seauenth the person shall be cured And if the dolor begin the third day augment in the fift or seauenth the feuer shall end the Nynth or eleauenth day And if the dolor begin the fift day with conuenient vrine and other good signes it shall end the 24. day and this happ●neth aswell in women as in men and especially in tertian feuers to persons 30. yeares of age and to young persons in continuall feuers and perfit tertians And when there doe not appeare flies in the feuer with dolor of the head nor black thinges coruscant and resplendēt or shining as lampes and splendor or brightnes that the patient feeles tortion or tumor or inflation vnder one of the sides he shall haue in place of vomiting of inflammation of dolor flux of blood at nose and this happeneth chiefly to yong persons vnder 30 yeares and to older most commōly vomiting And yong children vnder 7. yeares olde fall into a sound by hot feuers especially when they are bound or constipated in the bellie and sleepe change color sometime pale then red greene or liuide but those which exceede 7 or 8 yeares they fall most often into a swound If there hap not some perillous and dangerous signes as of Phrensie The Conclusion of the whole Booke NOwe then for finall conclusion let the Mediciner Chirurgion and Phisitian labour to know the sicke persons and maladies also the good and holesome the euil and mortall accidentes of them as well in young folks as old and in all infirmities especially feuers to the ende to presage life to one and death to another also the breuitie and prolixitie of euery maladie and the transmutations and other inconueniences collecting accumulating all signes good and bad and considering comparing the superiour and inferiour which are able to ouerthrowe or saue the patient and that by vrine fecall matter spittle sweate and other excrements superfluities comming out of the body Moreouer let him practise to consider speculate or note as well the time of dayes present as past viz. the variation of weather by winds colde heate drought and humiditie and the condition of the whole yeere and foure partes as the Spring Sommer Haruest Winter For although that all maladies may happen at all times yet some doe more commonly happen at one time then another And some signes that be good or badde come and happen rather in one day houre or moment rather then another And to the ende thou mayest not doubt to presage and prognosticate according to the doctrine and prescribed instructions know that we haue here experimented these thinges in Aethiopia Mauritania Lybia in the I le of Delos in Hesperia and Scythia briefely in the orient occident south and north and haue founde it true as wee haue showne And therefore doe not despaire but take courage and endeuour thy selfe to knowe the said things and thou shalt easily attaine to greater knowledge of things then thou canst imagine and shalt marueile howe these thinges can so well concurre and succeede so rightly And if thou doest well ponderate my principles doubt not at last that there can happen any malladies to thee whereof thou mayest doubt or cannot haue the knowledge of and that by the saide instructions if thou doest vnderstand them well and especially in these which obserue dayes of affliction and maner of paroxisme and which ende in one certaine nomber of dayes and certaine space as we haue said if thou wilt speculate exactly and take mature deliberation FINIS It is said That man may boast of his wealth that hath gotten it well 1. 2. Iliad Libr. 7. Plato Libr. Digest Cicero libr. 1 Offic. Land loupers and simple Barbers Conditions of a Chirurgian Lib. 7. Cap. 1. Conditions of the Sicke Instrumentes In his booke called Antidotarium Haly Abbas in his Chirurgery Compendium medicinae Fuchij 2. Therapen multis alijs locis 5 metaphi ●a 3 Lib. degeneratione Secundo de elementis Cap. 1. de complexione Galenus Lib. 1 de temperamentis Lib. 1. artis paruae Galenus Lib. de ligamētis Aphoris 19. etiam de natura humana 2. de temperamentis cap. 6 1. treatise 1. cap 1. de temperamentis cap. 6. z. de temperamentis cap. 6. Lib. 5. Galen libr. de tuenda sanitate Galen de placitis ● de placi●is 2. de differentiis febrium ca. 6 Tractatu de atra bile multis alijs locis 14. Method Lib. de consensu medicorū 4. de vsu partium 1. Cano. cap. 1. Com. in apli 15. sect 1. lib. 6. epide Alexander apud pr●ble 74. lib. 2. 1. lib. lib. de vsu partium Galen lib. de differentijs morborum cap. 3. 1. De facultatibus naturalibus In his dissections Democritus Auicen de cōplexione cap. 3. Arist de 'long et breuitate vitae Hippo. lib. 1. de dieta Galen lib. 1. de sanitate Ptolomeus lib. 4. Iuditio Gordonius Ptolomeus Gordonius Hipo. Lib. de partu Lib. de pul●ibus 6. method et 8. de placitis Hippocratis et Platonis Lib. de difficultate spirandi Lib de subtilitate Lib artis paruae 6. epidemiorū 5. therapeuticorum Lib. 5. ar●●s paruae 5. meteorum Lib. 1.