tyme I will recite them to you in few words and that which is notorious For you may be a fortunate and a happy Nation not by vsing of forrayne and straunge actes but of domesticall and home examples Those men therefore whom the Orators did not so flatter nor fawne vpon as these men doe vpon you had the chieftie and principalitie ouer all the Grecians with their good liking and consent by the space of .45 yeares and they layde vp in the Treasure house more than .10000 talents Yea the king himselfe that then ruled this same countrie that he now holdeth was subiect to the Grecians as fit it is for a barbarous and outlandishe king to be subiect to the Gréekes and erected many a goodly triumphe of their déedes done both by sea and by lande And they amongst all other people did leaue such fame and honour behinde them as ouercame all enuie of man Thus did these men behaue thēselues in defence of the Gréekes But in matters of the Citie I pray you marke how they ordered things both in publike and priuate dealings As to publike buildinges they left behinde them suche gorgious Temples and so great store of reliques and offeringes in the same that none comming after them could be able to excéede them for their worthinesse signified by their insignes In their priuate doings they weare so temperate and kept so well the good orders of the Citie that if any of you knewe which was the house of Aristides and Miltiades and of the famous mens houses of that time what they weare you should sée them to be nothing more gorgious than weare their poore neighbours houses aboute them For why they weare not officers in the common weale to enrich themselues by it but to aduaunce the honor and state of their countrie And thus with behauing them in the affayres and seruice of Greece faithfully in matters of religion towards god deuoutly and in priuate trades and dealings euenly and vprightly with all men they well deserued to make themselues happie and fortunate men Thus flourishing was the state of the common weale as long as these men bare rule whom I haue named before But now that these smooth meale mouthed felowes a Gods name are come to beare rule howe go your matters forwarde I pray you What aswell as they did afore time or any thing like vnto it at all As for other things I let them passe though in déed much weare to be said But notwithstanding that many while this waste desertnes round about vs being so great as you sée it is that the Lacedemonians decayed the Thebanes not at leysure and that there is no body else left worthie inough to contend with vs for the principalitie we might well inough both kepe our owne in safetie end the matters of cōtrouersie amongst others Yet for all that I say we haue not in this meane while so muche as defended our owne but haue lost rather part therof and we haue spent more than .1500 Talents to no purpose at all and such confederates as we got vs in time of warre we lost them againe in time of peace through the fault of these our Orators and haue made our enimie most mightie and strong against vs Yea we only and none other haue raysed king Philips strength to this that it is And this be not true let me sée him come forth that can shew me how king Philip is become so mightie by any other meanes than by yours onely But O good sir though things be not well abroade yet all is wel at home and better than euer it was and what should you tell me of a sight of whyted turrets and pynacles of pauing of high wayes and stréetes of fountaynes and such like toyes Nay then I pray you looke vpon them that had the charge and ordering of these matters you shall sée some of them that were verie beggers before are nowe waxen marueylous riche men others being meanely borne men are made noble honorable personages some you shall sée to haue their owne houses more gorgeously furnished than are the publike buildings of the Citie So that the lesser and worse the estate of the common wealth is the more are they aduaunced and encreased And what is the cause of all these thinges And why weare all these thinges so well in those dayes and nowe nothing at all well done at this day Forsooth that 's this bicause that afore time the Commons both had the stomacke to go a warfare themselues and were also themselues maysters ouer the Maiestrates and Lordes of all thinges that good were than was euerye man contented to take office and aucthoritie of the Commons and to receyue any good thing else at their handes Where as nowe it is cleane contrarie for the Maiestrates and gouernours haue all in their owne handes and through them all things are done and you that be the Commons like men soken to the verie bottome destitute of money and warre fellowes are become very vnderlings and hangers on vpon them and thinke it pleasure ynough if their Maysterships can be contented to impart vnto you some small portion of the stage money or cast a few harlatrie pence among you and that which is most vnsitting that can be to man ye bring your selfe in daunger for a Pigge of your owne Sow And they in the meane season kéeping you fast lockt vp within the Citie worke such maistries with you and make you so tame that you are contented to come to their handes and to be at their becke And surely that man shall neuer be found to haue a valiant lustie courage of his owne that is of so base abiect doings For why like as a man accustomes and trades himselfe such must his courage and minde néedes bée And in speaking hereof I sweare by our Ladie mother I maruaile neuer a whitte if I receyue more hurt for speaking of this matter than they did that weare the dooers of it For a man may not alwayes be bolde to speake his minde before you in euery thing yea rather I marueile to sée you giue me such quiet hearing as you doe at this time And therefore let me nowe at length entreate you to leaue of these condicions and to go foorth on warrefare your selues and to doe all thinges as becommeth you vsing this ouerplus of money you haue at home for an instrument to doe things well abroade withall and in so doing it is not vnpossible and it maye be well ynoughe O Athenians that you shall get some singuler great profite by it And make no more a doe with these petie trifling games of the stage playes which are matters not much vnlike to meates that Phisitions giue to sicke folke which neyther gyues strength to their bodies nor yet suffers them to dye Euen so these sommes of money that you doe nowe distribute are neyther so
speake with a better will. And albeit I am in doubt and can not tell certainly what will happen vnto mée vpon this yet notwithstanding bicause I am most certaine that if you doe as I haue sayde it shall turne to your great ease I haue thought good therefore to tell you thus much And I pray God that thing may preuayle with you which shall be for the welfare of you all The Argument of the second Oration against king Philip of Macedonie DEmosthenes being afrayde to stirre the Athenians directly to warre for dread of the people being euill caried away by others that tolde them of the great charges that the warres do bring doth councell them to take heede of king Philip as of a suspected enimie And in no wise to trust his forged peace vnder shadow whereof he doth all the mischiefe he can And therfore he willeth them to loke well to their businesse and to trust to themselues making their people readie against all assayes bicause that king Philip doth nothing else but lye in wayte for them and all Greeceland besides to conquer them and to become a Tyraunt ouer them all And in shewing the maner and behauiour as well of them in their doings as of him in his doings he doth verie wisely bring in many likelyhoodes and euident profes as well concerning the disposition of king Philips owne person as of the Grecians in generall and so he maketh it a verie plaine and cleere matter that king Philip doth hate them deadly warning them for that cause not to trust his faire promises nor yet the profered kindnesse and fauour exhibited by Eschines and others For that king Philip hath most cruelly abused other cities and countries with such like craft and subtiltie And here he giueth a lesson fit at all tymes for all men liuing the which is this That there can bee no greater strength and assurance to a man than to be mistrustfull for according to Libanius report euen as money is the strength and sinewes of warre so is mistrustfulnesse the maintenance and safegarde of wisedome In the end he promiseth to giue king Philips Ambassadors their aunswere when they shall come in case they themselues doubt what aunswere to make vnto them but he sheweth not what he will say but leaueth that matter and falleth to inueigh agaynst those Traytors that are king Philips hyrelings and sheweth that their promises and king Philips present doings agree not togither and therefore plainely doth discifer king Philip to be their mortall enimie against whome he councelleth them to take armor in hande and to proclaime open warre for the better safegarde and defence of their whole estate and Countrie ¶ The second Oration against king Philip of Macedonie WHen any talke is O Athenians of king Philips doings and the outrages and violences that he committes contrary to the peace I perceyue you estéeme it to be both honest and reasonable And who soeuer will séeme to speake any thing against king Philip they shall be thought to speake as is fitte for them and yet for all that there is nothing in a maner done as it ought to be nor yet as should become them that haue so much tolde them as you haue For the worlde is come to this poynt with vs nowe that the more plainelye and cléerelye a man sheweth king Philip to haue broken peace with vs and to seke a conquest ouer al Grecelande so much the more daungerous it is to giue councell what weare best to be done And the reason is this bicause O Athenians all such as through violence and wrong couet more than in right they should doe ought to be daunted and kept backe with déedes and not with wordes onely And first of all we our selues that take vpon vs this place our woont is to forbeare councell and aduise in those poyntes for feare of your displeasure and in stéede of them we fall a discoursing vnto you of his doings howe daungerous howe weightie and how heynous they are and such like things And then you that be the hearers in vnderstanding and giuing eare to a mans tale be much more readie than king Philip is But when it commes to the withstanding of his doings that he is now in hand withall then you be altogither ydle and as colde in your doings as may be And therefore it falleth out to good reason and it must néedes be so to that looke in what things eyther of you both is most conuersant and traueyled in the selfe-same eche of you doth excell the other that is he in déedes and you in wordes And if so be you thinke it a goodlyer matter to speake more aptly to the purpose than he doth why that 's a thing easie ynough to do and it néedes no great traueile But if it stand vs vpon at this time to consider howe to amende things presently amisse least through our vnaduisednesse and ignoraunce the same go to ruyne and destruction more and more hereafter and least he shock vs with such a power as we shall not be able to encounter then are wée not to take that way of consulting togither as wée haue doone heretofore but as well all they that bée Orators as all you that be hearers must choose those things that be good and profitable and leaue the delitefull and pleasant And first of all if any man among you O Athenians is so foolehardy so rash that séeing how mightie a lord king Philip is makes reckoning for all that that this his stately greatnesse will bréed no harme nor daūger to our Citie neither yet that al that his preparation is ment agaynst you I do much marueile at him that so thinketh And therfore I pray you al heare me a while what I will say wey my reasons why I am not of your minde but rather thinke king Philip to be a deadly enimy vnto vs all to the intent that if I shall by good hap séeme to sée farther in him and to iudge of him more truly than others do you may follow mine aduise and councell But if these bold foolehardy fellowes such as haue so sound a beliefe trust in him sée farther and déeper than I do why then agrée you to them on Gods name First O Athenians I consider what countries king Philip hath vnited to himself since the peace cōcluded with vs namely the Pyles the Phoceyans And what then how hath he vsed them I pray you Mary he hath done for the cōmoditie of the Thebanes all that he could possible but for vs he hath done no one thing at all And why did he so forsooth bicause in bestowing his wittes howe to get and to bring all vnder his subiection without regarde of peace and quietnesse right or wrong he wisely doth consider and knowe right well that he is not able to winne our Citie or vs eyther as we haue hitherto liued by any corruption of gift to betraye anye of the
Gréekishe townes to him for our owne profite but rather he sées that wée haue regarde to iustice to vpright doings and to the eschewing of dishonour alwayes foreséeing things fit for vs with great warynesse by which he doth perceiue that we will consequently withstande him if he take any such matter in hande as though wée had open warre with him But as for the Thebanes he thought as it fell out in déede that for the pleasure he had done them they would suffer him to vse the rest as he listed who not onely would so much as once offer to withstande and hinder his purposes but woulde also bée readie to take part with him in the fielde if hée required them And so hoping to finde the like in others he sheweth himselfe verye curteous and fauourable to the Messenians and Argians for the same cause also A matter O Athenians verie highly to your honour For hereby you alone are of all the world iudged to be the onely men aboue all others that will not be corrupted with any promise or rewarde to forsake the common libertie of Grece nor yet to chaunge for any mans fauour or profite whatsoeuer amitie or good will you do beare their countrie And surely king Philip hath rightly iudged thus of you and farre otherwise of the Thebanes and Argians considering not onelye your present state but also the doings of your Auncestours for he findeth perceiueth as I beleue that your predecessors although they might haue bene Lordes ouer all Grece so as they woulde haue bowed to the deuotion of the Persians and their king would not onely not heare Alexander of whom these men weare come being then Ambassador to perswade them therevnto but did determine rather to forsake their countrie and to suffer all miserie that might be Wherein they so worthily acquited themselues that all men since haue longed much to talke of them but no man yet could worthily set them forth as they haue deserued And therefore I will stay my tongue and good reason too For why their worthy exploites and renowme haue bene greater than any man hath béene able to vtter by word of mouth Whereas the Auncestours of the Thebanes and Argians haue some of them ioyned their power with the Barbarian and straunger marching vnder his banner and other some of them would neuer set out foote agaynst him And therefore he knoweth that both they doe more estéeme their owne priuate estates than they doe regarde the common profite of all Grece besides And well he saw that if he shoulde haue sought your friendships he must néedes haue chosen you for iustice sake where hauing the others to bée of his side he was assured to haue their maintenance in his vniust and couetous desires And that is the cause why he hath alwayes estéemed and still doth estéeme their friendship more than yours not bicause he séeth they haue more Galleys than you or bicause hauing found good footing or any great superioritie within the maine lande he neglecteth to be Lorde of the Seas and their marchant Townes Neyther hath he yet forgotten these condicions and promises by which he trayned them to be at peace with him But sayth one it was none of all this that moued him to doe as he hath done neyther yet his ambition nor couetousnesse or any other thing wherof he is accused that made him to encline more to the Thebanes than to vs but the only cause was bicause he knew them to be more faithfull than we are This reason vnboubtedly of all other reasons he can not well alledge for he that craftily forced the Lacedemonians to giue vp the towne of Messena at the selfe same time notwithstanding set the Thebanes in possession of Orchomene Choronea how can he be sayd to haue delt iustly and vprightly But some will say he was enforced for else there is none excuse remayning for the defence of king Philip to surrender giue vp those places much against his will as being than enuironed and surprised by the horsemen of the Thessalians and the Souldiours of Thebes A good tale on foorth a Gods name And therefore saye they hée hath the Thebanes in great ielousie yea and they go vp and downe deuising further tittle tattle how he mindes to fortifie Elateia but he will doe a Dog as soone He will neuer deale that way at all as I thinke and forsooth he will neuer ioyne with the Messenians and the Argians as he doth to set vpon the Lacedemonians and yet he hath sent a supply of straungers and money and is looked for to be there in person himselfe with a mightie power so that he séeketh the destruction of the Lacedemonians as enimies to the Thebanes And those Phoceyans whom heretofore he did ouerthrow and destroy he mindeth now to succor and to defend yea forsooth that he will. And I pray you what mad man would beleue these things For surely I can not think for any thing that I can sée that king Philip will continue to be an enimie to the enimies of the Thebanes if eyther perforce or against his will he graunted heretofore those matters before named or else if he now mistrusted their good will towardes him but rather it is euident by his present doings that he hath sought their fauours for a purpose and wrought this pollicie to serue his owne turne withall And whosoeuer looketh narowly vpon this matter he cannot but plainely sée that all these his practises are wholye bent against oure countrie to take an aduauntage when he séeth his time And this hée doth in a maner for méere necessitie For I pray you wey the matter with your selues and thinke thus of it he will néedes rule and be souereigne ouer all and he knoweth well that none can withstande him but you who haue bene so lōg time molested by him through the iniuries and wronges that he hath done and dayly doth against you as his owne conscience can best witnesse against him for by meanes of possessing those places which sometime were yours and now are his he kéepeth the reast of his dominions in safetie but and if he should lose once Amphipolis and Potidea he should hardly sit sure in his chayre at home And therefore full well is he guyltie to himselfe both that he lyeth in wayte for you and that you also do vnderstand it And bicause he hath found you a wise and a sage people he gathereth by iust consequence and good reason that you are his enimies that makes him so sharpe set to preuent your doings as one looking for a scouring at your hands whensoeuer any occasions shall be offered This is it that he watches for this is the cause of his close lying in waite against the Citie And why he holdeth in somuch with certaine of the Thebanes and with some Peloponesians also that are of the same minde with them whom he accountes to be so gréedie
armed souldiers goeth whither he will but with a retinue of light horsmen and hired archers And then hauing such fellowes at hand his maner is where he sées men at sedition and trouble among themselues that for priuate faction and mistrust one to another no man dares issue oute for his Countrie there he rushes mée in vppon them and hauing his engines with him layes streyght siege to their Townes And I tell you not here howe all is one to him whether he warre in Winter or in Sommer and howe he makes no choyse of the season when to leaue of from dooing his businesse Wherefore seing you all doe knowe and consider this well ynough it were good that ye suffered not the enimie to bring the warres into our owne Countrie least following that foolishe and simple order of the Lacedemonians warres ye bring your selues to some great mischiefe ynough to break your necks withall But you must very circumspectly or ere things approch vpon vs beware aswel by your doings as by your preparation and looke wel to him that he stirre not from home and that wée be not fought withall by him hand to hand For why to maintaine the warres we haue many wayes aduauntage of him O Athenians so we would but doe as we ought to doe The verie nature of his countrie a good part whereof we maye ransacke and annoye and tenne thousande aduauntages besides But as for the fight he is farre better exercised in it than we are Neyther is it ynough to withstande him abrode with sworde and armour but ye must doe it also by reason and vnderstandinge persecuting all such as amongest you speake on his side assuring our selues that we shall neuer ouercome our enimie abrode till we haue punished his ministers here at home And that thing so farre as I can sée before God and all his Saintes you be neyther able nor willing to doe but you are come to such foolishnesse or rather madnesse or I wot néere what to tearme it for oftentimes it commes in my minde to be adrad least some spirite or fatall destinie doe chase and persecute our doinges that eyther for rayling or enuie or scoffing or some other trifling matter you make a sight of hirelings to come vp and speake in this place of whome there are some that cannot disavowe nor denie themselues to bée suche men and then you make a sport of it when they fall a rayling vpon men And yet this is no great matter neyther although it be a great matter in déede For you suffer such to gouerne with more safetie than they that speake for your welfare And yet marke what great mischiefe commeth hereof bicause you will giue eare vnto such men I will tell you their doings which you all shall well perceyue At Olynthus there weare some men of authoritie in the common weale who fauoured king Philip and weare his ministers in all thinges they coulde doe Others did all for the best procuring al they could that their countrimen should not be brought to slauerie Which of them say you destroyed their countrie or who betrayed the horsemen wherevpon the Citie of Olynthus was destroyed and vndone Certainly that did they that weare on king Philips side who as long as the Citie stoode did so slaunder and picke quarrels agaynst them that spake best for you that at the length they perswaded the Commons of Olynthus to banishe Apollonides Now thinke you that this custome was the cause of all the mischiefe onely in Olynthus and no where else Nay it was so in Eretria to for there after the departure of Plutarchus the forreine souldiors when the people ruled the towne and goulfe therof some would be vnder vs and some vnder king Philip. To these the miserable and vnhappie Eretrians giuing eare in many things or rather in al they were at length perswaded to thrust out such as spake of their own side And yet for all that king Philip theyr friend and allie sendes me vnto them Hipponicus with a thousand strauÌ„gers bet downe the walles of their goulfe placing there thrée tyrants Hipparchus Automedon Clytarchus after this draue theÌ„ twise out of their own couÌ„try when now they would gladly haue bene in safety sending thither the straungers that were with Eurilochus after that again those that were with ParmenioÌ„ What nede I to heape vp many examples at the towne of Oreum were not Philistides Menippus Socrates Thoas and Agapeus practisers for king Philip who now haue the City in their handes And this was knowne to all men But to tell how one Euphraeus a man that dwelt here somtymes and traueiled for their fréedome that they should not come in bondage to any body was iniuried and railed vpon by the commons of the Oreteynes it would aske a long tyme of talke The yeare before the sayd towne was taken he vnderstanding theyr practises appeached Philistides and his complices of highe treason whervpon many men coÌ„spiring and assembling themselues hauing Philip their pursebearer being guided by his instructions caried me away Euphraeus to prison as a disturber of the common weale Which thing the coÌ„mons of the Oreteynes seing in stéede of assisting him and tormenting them they shewed them selues not offended at all with them and as for him they thought he was worthily punished reioyced at it But afterwards these fellowes béeing in such aucthoritie as they wished they wrought a practise to take the towne by and brought the same to passe And then the Commons if any of them vnderstood the matter they held their peace like people amazed remembring how Euphraeus was handled Yea in such miserable state weare those men brought that none durst open his mouth in that extréemitie till the army that was prepared came euen to their walles And then some of them defended the town and others betrayed it And thus the towne being fowly and euill fauoredly lost these fellowes are become Princes and play the tyraunts ouer such as earst preserued both themselues Euphraeus too being men ready to do any thing when they had banished some put to death some others And that same Euphraeus being in prison killed himself witnessing by such a déede that he had iustly and sincerely withstoode King Philip in the quarrell of his Countrimen But now perhaps euery one of you doth wonder and maruaile how it commes to passe that the Olynthians Eretrians the Oretâ—ynes haue more fauored king Philips friends partakers then their own patrones and defenders euen in like sort as you do The cause is this those that speake for the best can not at al times tell you that the which shall please you no though they would For why it lyes them vpon to coÌ„sider what shall be for your preseruation wheras these others while they tell you a faire tale and curry fauell with you brue altogither for king Philip. They required of euery
And therefore this saye I this write I and this béeing done I thinke there is time ynough yet to amend all Howbeit if any man haue any better than this let him say it and giue his aduice and whatsoeuer it be that you shall like of God graunt the same may be for your profite The Argument vpon the fourth Oration against king Philip of Macedonie CErtayne of Athens beeing King Philips feede men and greatly bounde vnto him for large rewardes giuen kept the people backe as muche as they coulde from repressing or withstanding his dooynges from tyme to tyme till hee had made all thinges readie for the warres and had sette foote in the fittest places that might bee for his purpose So that such his hyrelinges as vsed to speake for the maintenaunce of peace agaynst warre weare verye well lyked of the people not for anye speciall loue they had to peace but for feare of taxes and paymentes and other burthens hanging vpon warre the which commonly grieue the people most of all and in tyme of warre must needes bee had Wherefore it was daungerous to propounde matter concerning warre or to exhort the people to bee at defiaunce with any bodye For then those trayterous hyrelinges woulde put vp a Byll of complaint against them as motioners and Aucthours of those decrees And the people that coulde not abide to heare of charges and payments and therefore hated warre woulde with open mouth and full consent condemne him presently as an offender that once spake for warre although the necessitie weare neuer so great So that where as Demosthenes durst not subscribe to the enacting of warre to bee proclaymed he vseth cunning by a figure called Translatio and layeth it vpon an other saying that King Philip hath denounced warre agaynst them so that they are in great hazard and daunger And therefore he doth exhort them to withstande the warres alreadie commenced and taken in hande by king Philip the which is a naturall request For what is he that will not seeke to defende himselfe and deuise with force to withstande force Lastly he seeketh to set an attonement betwixt the rich men the poore who weare at defiaunce amongst themselues For the rich weare verie loth to yeeld to any subsidie and would rather that the treasure money wherof the poore people had a good part for their comfort should bee conuerted wholy to beare all the charges of the warres on the other side the poores sort weare in an vprore agaynst the riche and threatned that they woulde enter vpon their goodes and spoyle them in their owne houses rather than they woulde lose their stage pence and the benifite of the publike treasure for setting foorth of their shewes and pastimes Demosthenes herevpon rebuketh them both and willeth the rich men to let the stage money alone for the poore being so small a matter and chargeth the sayde poore men on the other side to forbeare violence and iniurie towardes the richer sort And in the necke of this he cryeth out agaynst Traytours that hinder good motions and councelleth herevpon the Athenians to sende Ambassadors to the king of Persia to haue him ioyne in league with them and to helpe theÌ„ with money for that otherwise the Citie had not wherewith to beare out their nâ—â—essary charges meaning hereby that the riche men should not bee called vpon and the poorer sort should be spared also and haue their desires if this ambassage tooke place the which is the verie scope and full entent of all his meaning And as it should seeme this Oration was spoken more vp-vpon the sodaine or at the least wise not prouided for as the other his Orations weare For that diuers thinges are here vttered and much matter of substaunce rehearsed and almost after the selfe-same maner in this action declared as was before spoken in certaine of his other Orations alreadie made and vttered to the people ¶ The fourth Oration against king Philip of Macedonie FOr asmuch as O Athenians these affayres wherevpon you doe sit in councell are both right weightie and necessarie for our Countrie I will endeuour my selfe to speake thereof that which I thinke is for your profite Amongst a great number of faults and gaules and those not of a small times growing that cause vs to be in this euil fauoured pickle there is none of them all O Athenians that doth vs more hurt at this time than this that you giue your mindes altogither from the dooing of your businesse For so long and no longer lastes all the labour you take as you may be sitting still hearing some newes told you and then euery man gets him away neyther regarding nor so much as remembring the matter at all And as for king Philippes dealings towarde all men they be so full of outragiousnesse and couetousnesse as you heare them reported to bée and euery man knowes very well that it is not possible to bridle him or restraine him of this by anye treatie or perswasion that we can vse Which thing he that can not perceyue by any other thing else let him consider it hereby whensoeuer it came to the talke of right iustice we neuer had the worse nor yet weare euer iudged to be wrong doers but haue alwayes had the better hande and haue preuayled in our talke And yet I pray you what did his businesse procéede any whit the worsse or ours any thing the better for al this nothing at all surely For where as his fashion is as soone as he hath taken armour in hande by and by to be readie to go and aduenture himselfe with all that he hath and ours on the other side to sit still some when we haue spoken that which right requireth and other some when we haue giuen the hearing by good reason I thinke it falleth out that déedes doe surpasse wordes and that all men do not so much marke and regarde the right that we maintaine in wordes and what we haue sayde or shall say for our selues as the thing that we do and put in execution And they be such as are of no force to the preseruation and safetie of any that is oppressed And here néedes no more talke therof Wherefore séeing it is so that all States and Towneships are deuided into these two factions whereof the one sort bée of those that neither desire themselues to haue the rule by force and strong hande neyther yet to be in bondage to others but séeke onely to maintaine their libertie and to haue their Countrie gouerned by lawes in an euennesse the other sort is of them that desire to be Princes ouer their owne Countrie men and yet can be contented to bée vnder the obedience of some other by whose meanes they thinke they maye attayne therevnto So it is that such as are of his minde that is they that desire to be Tiraunts and Lordes they haue got the rule and beare sway euery where alredie And I thinke
there is neuer a one of them all left that sittes fast in their democratie or people holde estate saue yours onely And those that by his meanes beare rule in Townes they haue alreadie euery where gotten the ouer hande by all these meanes whereby matters are brought to passe And the very first and chiefest thing of all is that such as be bribe takers are sure of a briber to féede theyr humor The next and neuer a whit lesse matter than that is this that there is a power at hande to beate downe such as doe withstande their purpose at what time soeuer they shall require it But as for vs we are not onely behind in this behalfe but like men cast into a sléepe with drinking of Mandragora or some other like beuerage wée can not by any meanes bée wakened Againe we are in such a contempt and slaunder abrode by these our doings For I must be plaine with you and tell you as I thinke that some men béeing themselues in the middest of daunger doe for all that kéepe a quarreling with vs some for the Generalships others about the diet and méeting place and other some there be that are determined rather to defende themselues by themselues than with vs And wherefore doe I say all this and why make I so great a discourse Now God is my witnesse and all his saintes that I meane not to get your euill wil by it but to the intent that euery one of you O Athenians maye right well knowe and perceyue that it fareth in Towneships and States of Cities by this our dayly laysinesse and faint dealings much like as it doth in our owne liues that we féele not at the first the smart of euerie thing foreslowed but when our reconing commeth to the totall summe then our slouth méeteth with vs in the ende You sée Serrius and Doriscus for these things weare first neglected after the peace concluded which peraduenture to manye of you bée not knowne at all And yet in very déede the letting go and ouersight of them was the losse of Thracia and Chersobleptes your allie and warrefellow And when he sawe that you made no account of those neyther nor yet sent them any succours he digged downe the walles of Porthmus made a fortification agaynst you in Euboia right ouer against Attike and séeing you cared not for this neyther neuer so little more he had got Megara And so slenderly did you regarde and weare mooued with all this that you did not so much as shewe a countenance that you woulde not suffer him so to raunge What more When he had bought out Antrona for his money he seysed to himselfe not long after the state of Oreo Many other things I let passe as Pherrhas the passage high way to Ambracia those slaughters made in Elis and ten thousand things besides Neyther haue I made this discourse meaning thereby to reckon vp vnto you such as king Philip hath subdued wyth outrage and iniuriously wronged but to shewe you this poynt that king Philip will neuer ceasse wronging and getting all the worlde into his handes vnlesse some bodie stop him of hys course Now forsooth there are some men that before they haue heard a mans tale to the ende will by and by bée asking the question what is to bée done not bicause that when they haue heard good councell giuen them they meane streight wayes to followe the same and put it in execution for such men in déede if they did so weare the best people in the worlde but they aske it to the intent to be the quicklier rid of the speaker Howbe it for all that I must néedes tell you what is to be done And therefore first and formost O Athenians assure your selues of this one thing that king Philip makes warre agaynst thys Citie and he hath alreadie broken the peace and is an euill willer and a deadly enimie to this whole Citie and to the very ground it stands vpon yea I may say too to the very Gods that be within this Citie whome I beséeche vtterly to confounde him For there is nothing in all the worlde that he doth more earnestly fight agaynst than the verye forme or maner of our common weale and how to vndoe the same and at this time he is in a maner as it shoulde séeme by fine force driuen so to doe For make you this reckoning with your selues his meaning is to rule all and therein he thinkes there is no bodie to withstande him but you onely For well hée wotteth as his owne conscience can witnesse with him that he hath done you great wrong nowe this long tyme for with these things which bée yours of right and the vse whereof he hath agaynst right hée hath gotten the safe possession of all the reast For had he forgone Amphipolis and Potidea he would thinke he shoulde not sit sure in Macedonie So that he vnderstandeth well eche of these things both that he lyeth in wayt for you and that you vnderstand the same very well But bicause he taketh you to be men of good vnderstanding and iudgement he perceyueth himselfe to be worthilye hated of you Besides all these things which be so many and of so great importance he is well assured that although he weare Lorde ouer all other countries yet shall he neuer be able to kéepe them surely so long as your popular people ruled estate doth continue For should he haue any ouerthrow or trip as he is a man may haue many an one all those townes which he now kéepes by mayne force will reuolt streight from him to you for you be not men apt of your owne nature to séeke gréedily and to get the principalitie ouer others but rather to kéepe an other man from getting and when he hath gotten any thing to get the same out of his handes againe and wholy to empeach all such as aspire to principalitie well able and sufficient to restore all men to their libertie And therefore it likes him not at any hande that the libertye that is amongst you should be a trumpe in his way when the tyme should serue him neyther is his reason in this behalfe amisse or out of the purpose And euen for this cause first and formost must we iudge him to be such an enimie to the state of a common wealth and populare fréedome of a Citie as will neuer be reconciled And next to that be you right well assured that all his practises and deuises at this tyme are altogither prepared agaynst your Citie neyther is their any one among you all so simple as to think that king Philip hath any desire to those pelting things in Thracia for by what other name should a man call them as to Drongilus Cabyle and Masteira and to those that he is now reported to haue or that for the getting of those baggage things he would endure such trauaile colde
partes and seigniories as they are yet if any man should boldly say the truth ye shall sée none amongst them all haue theyr Courts and consistories more naked and lesse frequented than they are with you And by good reason for no man that eyther loueth vs or crediteth or feareth vs commoneth with vs of any matters And there is not one cause onely of these thinges O Athenians for then it weare easie for vs to redresse it but there is full many a fault yea of all sortes and at all times committed whereof I leaue to speake particularly onely one I wil moue you in wherevnto all the reast doe tende beséeching you if I be bolde to tell you the truth not to be offended with me for it Your commodities haue béene solde out of your hand from time to time and you haue taken out your part in laysinesse and rest the pleasure whereof so caries you away that you are nothing offended with them that doe you wrong And by that meanes other men robbe you of your honour As for other poyntes it is no fitte tyme nowe to rippe them vp But so soone as we fall in any talke of king Philip by and by startes vp one and sayes it is nowe no tyme for vs to dallye nor passe a decrée for the making of warre adding streight way in the necke of that what a goodly thing it is to be at peace how sore a thing it is to maintaine a great armie and howe there be that goe about to spoile vs of our treasure many other tales do they tell you as they take them to be verie true But verily they should not perswade peace vnto you that sit so still béeing already perswaded but vnto him rather that doth things belonging to warre But if Philippe weare once perswaded to peace than for your partes it is done alreadie Neither should we thinke those charges burdenous vnto vs that we spende and employe for our owne safegard but rather those burdenous which we are sure to abide if we shall neglect this and omit to deuise the meanes to kéepe our treasure from robbing not by foreslowing our profit but by assigning a good gard for the safe kéeping therof And surely this may well vexe me to the heart to sée howe it would gréeue some of you you were robbed of your money which is in your owne powers to haue kept to punish the robbers and yet that king Philip who raunges thus a spoyling of all Grece one péece after another gréeueth you nothing at all specially whereas he robbeth and spoyleth to your hurt and vndooing And what is the cause O Athenians that he dooing vs thys apparant wrong and taking our townes from vs yet there is no man will say he doth vs wrong or makes warre vpon vs but rather will beare you in hand that they which councell you not to suffer him neither negligently to cast away these things are they that make the warre The cause is for that of all these euils and miseries that may happē to come by the warres as in déede it must néedes bée yea it can not be otherwise but that great troubles and vexations will arise by the warre they will with one voyce lay the whole fault vpon them that gaue you best councell for your owne welfare For they thinke verily that if you would all with one mind and consent defend your selues against king Philip both you should haue the better hand of him and they also should no more haue the meanes to serue him for his bribes as they do But if assoone as you sée any troubles you turne your selues by and by to accusing and condemning of men they thinke that they themselues by accusing these men shall get both these things that is thanks at your hands and money at his And that for those thinges for which you should haue punished them before ye shall nowe punishe them that haue spoken for your profite And this is the hope of these bribe takers and the fetch of all their accusations in charging some men to be the authors of the warres where as I my selfe knowe this very well that when no man of all Athens did decrée any warre at al king Philip both kéepes many things that belongs to this Citie and euen nowe hath sent in an ayde to Cardia Nowe if we will not be acknowne that he warreth agaynst vs surely he weare the veryest foole in the worlde if he would finde out this fault himselfe For when the wronged man denyeth that any man hath done him harme what would you haue him to say that doth the wrong But when he shal set vpon vs our selues what will we say then For certainly hée will plainly say that he hath no warre with vs as he sayde to the Oreteynes hauing his men of warre within their country No more did he to the Pheriens till he began to batter theyr walles Nor yet to the Olynthians at the first till he was readie with his armie within their Countrie And shall we say that they that had them then defende themselues were the authors of the warre Why then there is none other waye for vs but to liue in slauerie for there is no way else that we can take And as farre as I can sée the daunger that we are in is farre different from other folkes For king Philip meanes not to haue our Citie vnder his obeysance no that is not his meaning but altogither to destroy it For he knowes well ynough you are men that neyther will liue in bondage nor yet if ye would could tell howe to doe it For you haue béene alwayes accustomed to rule and he knoweth well ynough that you are able to worke him more trouble if you will watche your time than all others are able to doe what so euer they be And therefore hée will not spare you if he once get the vpper hand of you Wherfore you must be of that minde to fight lyke men that are at the vttermost and very last cast of all and to shew your selues manifest foes vnto them and to put them to the racke and torture that be the apparaunt hirelings and bought and solde men of king Philip for you shall neuer you shall neuer preuaile against the outwarde enimie vnlesse you roote out first and destroy these home foes within the towne but like men driuen vppon a sight of rockes so you méeting with these felowes shall come short of all Moreouer whence commes it thinke you that he is so spitefull towardes you For I can not sée what he meanes by his dooings else For he is good to all others and thereby though he getteth nothing else yet he is sure to deceyue them but as for you he threatneth alreadie The lyke he hath done by the Thessalians whom he hath nowe towled in by his number of gifts to this their present slauerie And it weare a verie hard matter
therewithall his playfellowes commonlye called him by waye of scorne and mockage Battalus as much to say as wanton nise and effeminate after the conditioÌ„ of one Battalus a Musitian that was a womanishe man as tender a péece God wote as a Nunnes hen He was also called afterwards Argas by surre name as much to say as a biting Serpent applying the terme either to the fiercenesse and bitternesse of his nature or for that he was so sharp to the hearers in his Orations that they could not well abyde him Nowe that this his father was thus deade although it bée to others a great lacke for want of good bringing vp his mother being more tender than néeded louing hir sonne against reason as commonly mothers doe hauing greater care to hys wanton cherishing than to his good education he hauing lettes also besides this mo than a good many to do well yet such was his naturall inclination and aptnesse to all goodnesse and vertue that he of himself without guide or directour in his doings folowed the best and worthiest way that was for man to go in vpon earth For whereas Athens was a towne that ministred great pleasures and caryed some awaye to great follie that weare vnder the power and gouernment of their fathers and that all youth is commonly giuen to disorder and many times through default of their gouernors doe runne astray yet was this childe being verie yong and tender of yeares so wholy giuen to good learning that he forsooke all the vanities of the world to heare Aristotle Theophrastus and Plato thrée of the most famous learned men that euer weare So that whereas there be two wayes of loue offered to euery one at his first entrie to tread in the one sauage rude and wicked being the very path to hell death and damnation the other godly plaine right and honest being the high way to heauen and al the ioyes that may be the which way entiseth all good men to it through the beautie thereof draweth all them with an heauenly traunce or motion of minde that are borne of Gods race he tooke that louing way of vertue and through great paynes and trauaile gotte the immortall rewarde of his heauenly desire béeing knowne and reputed to bée one of the most famous Orators that euer lyued Nowe the cause that mooued him chiefly besides his naturall inclination to be so gréedie and so studious of eloquence was this It happened that when Calistratus that famous Orator shoulde handle the Oropians cause béeing a matter of so great importaunce as it touched the state of their towne there was like to be a maruellous audience not onely for the weightinesse thereof but also for the worthinesse of the Orator At which time it fortuned Demosthenes being then of verie yong yeares as it should séeme to heare certaine scholemaysters saye to his Mayster that they and he would go and heare the sayde Orator which made that the Boye was not quiet till by much intreatie he had obtayned of his teacher that he might also go with him Wherewith his maister was content and for that hée had good acquaintaunce with the officers and kéepers of that place he got an apt rowme for hys Boy to sit close and secrete where he might heare all that was to be sayde At last when Calistratus had excellently handled himselfe and was wonderfully estéemed for his eloquent Oration Demosthenes thought it a great honour to sée him so followed and attended vppon by the people and to be reported so worthie a man but most of all his woonder was that his maruellous eloquence was such as thereby he did preuayle in all causes and brought thinges to passe as he woulde haue them which fired so his heart that therevpon he gaue ouer all other kyndes of studie and began to exercise himselfe with making Orations as though that he himself would by and by be an Orator And so professed himselfe scholler to one Isaeus a maister of eloquence and not to Isocrates who was the more famous man and did reade at the selfe same tyme But the cause was as it is thought for that he had not wherewith to pay the pencion appoynted by Isocrates which was ten Minas â—hat is xxx pounde starling he being fatherlesse and motherleâ—â—e â–ª and hauing no vse of his owne goodes as then or else he did rather choose to followe Isaeus for that his kinde of wryting and speaking was more pearcing and more cunning to season causes withall or as it may be thought more agréeable to his nature Some say agayne that he was scholler to Plato and by him did much aduaunce his skill for eloquence after whose death he became scholler to Aristotel and was his hearer so diligently and so prospered vnder him that he reported him afterwardes both to king Philip and to Alexander to be one of the worthiest schollers for diuers his giftes and vertues that euer he had It is also sayde that he had and did secretely learne the bookes of Isocrates and Alcidamantes touching the precepts of Rhetorike the which he had of one Callias a Siracusan and others And truth it is so soone as he was of full yeares and crept out of his minoritie he brought an action agaynst hys Tutors for their wasting of his Patrimonie committed to their charge and began to tytle Orations agaynst them the which are yet extant some of them in aunswering of whome they vsed great sleightes and delatorie plées with protestations and exceptions agaynst the whole processe as full of Nullities and therefore of no force And onely this they did bicause they would compell him to begin lawe againe and so in forme of lawe through continuall delayes to wearie him altogither Thus being with painefull trauaile and earnest studie well exercised and following his cause without intermission at length he preuayled agaynst them although he neyther got a quarter of his owne nor yet recouered that small portion which was awarded him without great perill and hazard And so by often dealing in his owne matters being well seasoned and made bolde through custome to speake and séeing what honour it was to be an excellent Orator he gaue himself to pleade openly and to be a Counsellor in other mens causes And as it is reported like as Orchomenius Laomedon did vse by the aduise of the Phisition to run euery day a long race to amende the fault of his splene and so by such exercise got such an habilitie and perfection in running that at the common games hée got the garland from all others and was counted the swiftest runner of all men liuing so happened it with Demosthenes that whilst he entered the Courtes to pleade his owne cause to recouer such losses and wronges as he had sustayned in his priuate goodes and possessions he thereby got himselfe such experience in pleading and such eloquence of speach therewithall that he was counted in ciuill
causes as Orchomenius was in running for the garland the chiefest pleader of all others that came to the barre to speake in any matter But yet at the first time of his speaking to the people he was hissed at and out countenaunced with knocking and trampling of féete for his vnacquainted and straunge maner of speach which béeing intricate and confused caryed very long and tedious sentences powdered with bitter and odious reasons alledged and wrested in to proue his matter good Besides this hys voyce as it séemed was childishe and small his tongue vnreadie and obscure himselfe short breathed hacking and parting his sentences in such sort that he was altogither thought confused and superfluous Nowe when through his imperfection hée saw that he got small credite for his dooings he gaue ouer pleading in open Courts before the people and traded himselfe to walk solitarily on the Péere in Athens Whom when Eunomius Thriasius a verye aged man did perceyue to walke so he did sharpely rebuke him for his faint heart and tolde him that he had cause ynough to be of good chéere for that his maner of pleading was not inferior to Pericles dooings who was a most excellent and vehement Orator but he sayde that he marred himselfe with a certaine bashefulnesse and faynt stomacke of his owne for that he was fearefull and coulde neyther abyde boldly the peoples presence and their noyse nor yet acquaint his bodie with exercise to endure paynes vndooing himselfe wholy with ouermuch ease and daintinesse and hindering his good dooings with néedelesse feare An other time being graueld in open audience he gat him home with an heauie heart thrusting his head in his bosome as one cleane out of countenaunce And as the tale goes one Satyrus a Stage player and of his acquaintance came to him and kept him company Vnto whome Demosthenes vttered his minde and sayde that where he was the most painefull Orator aboue all others and had almost wasted his body with the studie thereof yet his credite with the people was nothing but bellie gods gluttons lowtes mariners and euery ignorant lubber quoth he can be heard and haue audience with fauour where as I for all my trauell am naught set by but dispised and estéemed as no bodie Thou sayst euen true Demosthenes quoth Satyrus to him But I will soone remedie this matter if thou wilt but reherse vnto me quoth he without booke any sentence of Euripides or Sophocles which when Demosthenes had done Satyrus tooke the same sentence in hande againe and did sette it forth with vtteraunce of speach countenaunce and iesture in such sort that in a maner it séemed to Demosthenes himselfe to be an other maner of sentence Wherevpon when he perceyued what an ornamēt good pronunciation was to eloquence and found that where the gift of speach iesture was not aptly vsed euery sentence was but deade he gaue him wholy to correct his vtteraunce and iesture and therein vsed the helpe of one Andronicus And as Demetrius Phalerius reporteth who heard Demosthenes tell it in his latter dayes he vsed for helpe of his stammering this kinde of exercise that is he kept certaine Counters or stones in his mouth when he was rehersing Orations which counters or stones serued him as I take it for a gagge to make him gape more wide or to speake thereby the playner and more distinctly And for helpe of his voyce his maner was to get him vp vpon high places as on the tops of stares or such like and there woulde he make Orations by himselfe and vtter certaine verses with one whole breath so long as he was able by any possibilitie to continue And to help his bashfulnesse and shamefastnesse withall through which he was many tymes dasht out of countenaunce with the great noyse that the people made when he should speake in open audience he haunted the sea side where the surges most rored imagining that vsing himselfe to speake where such a tempestuous hurling noyse was he might the rather abyde the peoples exclamations and vnquietnesse And where as he had an vncomely vse to mooue one of his shoulders somewhat higher sometimes than the other he caused a swoorde to be hanged vpon a beame with the poynt downeward almost to his shoulder that if by any meanes he should happē to hit that iesture or to shrug his shoulder otherwise than weare méete the swordes poynt might streight wayes pricke him And besides he had a great Glasse in his house in the sight whereof he vsed to stand till he had ended suche Orations as he minded to vtter before the people And the better to be a helpe to himselfe in all these things he builded him a vawte or vnder cellor by lowe in the ground into the which he went daylye and there framed hys voyce and iesture and continuing sometymes two or thrée monthes togither close at home he caused one part of the side of his heade to be shauen to the intent that although he would go abrode he might not for verie shame Besides this he lost none occasion by such speach and conference as he had with others to occupie his heade and witte withall For when he came home he gat him streight to his secret corner and there repeated to himselfe the whole matter of the talke had abrode as it was and what defence was made for it And such Orations as he heard abrode he woulde call them to his minde at home and first deuide them into sentences and then amende and alter the wordes as he thought méete into some other sort aswell such speaches as other men vsed to him as those which he himselfe vsed to them Whereby it was thought that he attayned not to such excellencie by any great witte but rather by great labour and continuall studie And the likelyhoode was great it should so be for there was no man lightly coulde heare Demosthenes speake anye thing in open audience vpon the sodaine For being oftentymes set in councell and by name desired of the people to say his minde he woulde not for all that stande vp to speake at any tyme except he had béene first prepared before hande for the matter Insomuch that he was one day charged that he spake nothing vnwritten which he did not denie flatly but sayde that he neyther spake altogither wythout penning of his matter nor yet wholy with penning of it but vsed to lay his grounde in wryting so that he knewe what hée had to say materially before he spake from poynt to poynt yea he made a more round aunswere to an other that misliked with his ouermuch painfull vttered Orations by writing saying that he wished of God not onely to bring with him written Orations but also Orations grauen in Marble if it weare possible especially for such an assembly and place of audience as the Orators had And to like purpose was his saying an
feare of God. Pausanias report vpon Homere and Demosthenes in his second booke of the description of all Grecia WIthin the Temple of Neptune there is a monument of Demosthenes vpon the which man chiefly as vpon Homere in tymes past fortune séemeth to haue shewed hir great spite and malice For Homere besides the losse of his eye sight felt an other great harme the which was extréeme beggerie whereby he was forced to traueyle the wide worlde asking his almose of euery bodie Demosthenes againe being an aged man was driuen to abide the smarts of banishment and besides that dyed a violent death Vpon the which matter like as diuers other haue spoken and written much so Demosthenes himselfe hath sayd his minde verie largely And touching the money that Harpalus brought from Asia without doubt he had not one pennie of it And so proueth by coniectures at large the likelihoode thereof so that it shoulde seeme by Pausanias saying that he was wrongfully and vniustly charged with taking of that massie golden cup and the xx talents in it as is before declared in the description and report made of his life Euripides in phoenissis * King Philip he meaneth In weightie affayres of the State men shoulde not spare any mony to haue wise and faithfull counsell * Sodeyne motions and enforcements of the mind do often breake out eyther for great good or great euill * It is more easy to allowe wyse councell than to deuise it * OccasioÌ„ giuen is a warning sent from God the which cannot be omitted without great daunger * It is scant credible that any man will forget his owne welfare Domesticall souldiers better than forreyne hyrelings Craftie men waÌ„t no meanes to compasse their deuises seking all the way that maye be to haue their will and offering to serue the humor of others for their owne purpose The presence of the Prince doth speede his affayres Men had then neede to watch when they are in daunger of vniuersall ruine and destruction Happie is he whom an other mans harme doth make wise Ambicious Princes are euill neighbors to their inferiours Take tyme while time is for time will away Present occasion offred and vnlooked for Whose destruction is most certaine if they be â—uercome and the reconciling with the enimie most daungerous their inconstancie is not to be suspected for continuaunce of amitie Examples of foreflowing things and the losse of occasion offered Amphipolis â— Citie betwixt Macedonie and Thracia â–ª Pidna a towne of Macedonie Potidea a towne in Thracia Methona a towne in Achaia Pegase a towâ— of Thessalia New occasion offered vpon rehearsall of other occasions lost Olynthians desire present ayde Offers made that may be receyued are as much to be estemed as the present and absolute possession of things Men ought as well to bee thankfull for that which they haue not and yet eyther once had or might haue had as they haue cause to giue thankes for that which they haue in their possession and keping * As things fall out so doth the common sort iudge esteeming thinges fondly by the euent and not looking of the cause They are to be defended wyth all care whose destruction shall be their vndoing that are desired to help if they doe not sende ayde in tyme. Illirians and Peonians people next adioyning to Macecedony Italy and Germanye Arymba king of the Molessians and vncle to Olympiades king Philips wâ—fe whom he did not forbere to molest notwithstanding the alliaunce and kindred * Neglecting euen of priuate causes verye daungerous to a state He that mindeth to conquer must be careful Mony borowed vpon vsurye bringeth misery although for a tyme it seeme pleasaunt For a short pleasure long displeasure repentance is the hyre Priuate losse must be susteyned for coÌ„mon weales behoofe Negligence in Magistrates a thing moste daungerous to a state * The custom in Athens was to haue a Table hung vp conteyning the matter of their present assemblie and wherof the Orators spake and they that woulde haue any thing to passe did subscribe their mindes in the Table The common treasure was wont to be speÌ„t vpon the common people in making of feastes and seting forth of shewes games stage playes and paying for the standings that the pooreâ— sort had * Money doth much I will not say all King Philips force made greater by common brute than it is in deede Thessalians vnfaythfull people and full of treacherie * King Philip he meaneth Immoderate welth causeth pryde pryde bringeth hatred hatred worketh rebellion rebellion maketh an alteration chaungeth kingdoms That which the enimy would doe to vs when he might we should not refuse to doe vnto him agayne when we may Better offende than defende Thebanes will take part with the stronger Phoceyans of small force Fonde speach vsed lythe â—â—â—non simple soules At Amphipolis Better to annoy by offence than to stand at defence and to begin warre than to withstand warre Occasion is a commoditie offered for a thing to be well done and therfore not to bee forslowed without great perill King Philips force what it is Good kinges growne mighty are to be drad and feard Amphipolis The secret and close matter was the deliuering vp of Potidia Olynthians Thessalians Libertie sweete and desired of all men Things wrongfully gotten haue none assuraunce A similitude declaring that falsehoode hath no continuance Deedes â–ª perswade more than wordes Shew me the man and not the meate He that will needes styrre affections in others must first shew the same passion in himselfe Tymotheus Thessalians oppressed with the tyrannie of one Alenus a noble man amongst them whose children succeeded and vsed the same crueltie beyng weary of such bondage desired king Philipe ayde to banishe them the steâ—e who so doyng receyued in gift for his labor the custome and tolle of all their marchandizes trafick Diuersitie of disposition betwixt the prince and subiectes breedes dissention and causeth hatred often to ensue Whom the people doe not well brooke his state can not long stand King Philips nature * Cordacisinus a filthy daunce vsed among the Grecians Naughty packs make euill men the more bolde and flatterers make fooles the more fonde Callias Such is euery one as the companie is that he kepes Whose doyngs are lewde his lyfe is in daunger Welfare couereth those vices that by aduersitie are discouered A similitude declaring that inward griefes doe then breake out in euerye countrie when the warres are at home amoÌ„gst them and they fought withall at their owne doores He calleth it fortune in good part and meaneth the grace of God that giues successe to all our actions Gods goodnes worketh all in all The painefull man beareth away the garlande The creeping and slow Crab can neuer out go the swift and wight Hare Thinges loâ—â— by much lethernesse must be recouered againe by greâ—â— diligence according to the prouerbe Of contraries there is one the selfe same doctrine â–ª As
nowe called Modon an hauen town in Morea Great is the value of order and foresight to gouerne things well Disorder and want of foreknowledge doe cause confusion * The maner was that if any man being sessed refused to pay that he was sessed at an other offering to chaunge goods with him might do it and take that in hande that he should Tyme taryeth no man. He meaneth king Philip. Pleasant talke vnnecessarie when plaine speach is most needefull Foresight in Magistrates most requisite Lingring is then noysome when necessitie requires haste As Switzers fight fondly so doe many people and nations deale with their enimies vnwisely Cherronesus now Phanâ—â— a port towne in Morea God sendeth oft tymes wicked tormentors to securge and annoy others The carefulnesse of the wicked ought to quicken the Godly to looke about them All passages are open to the stowte and valiant souldiour â–ª As good neuer a whit as neuer the better Daungerous to slaunder souldiours that haue serued and worst of all to condemne them vpon the false report of others Gouernors to be personall and carefull vewers of things to be done Flying tales and flattering newes doe neuer good to any state A short gathering of all that hath bene sayd 1. King Philip enimye to Athens 2. A spoyler of their countrie 3. Prowde and iniurious 4. And their trustie friends by him made trecherous and vntrue persons Best for a man to trust to himselfe Better to fight with the enimie at his owne home than for him to fight with vs in our owne countrie Demosthenes neuer preferred priuate welfare before common weale Words are vnfit weapons to withstande armour Such studie such fruite â–ª Profite to be preferred vnto pleasure The enimie being mightie he is to be feared greatly Demosthenes consideration vpon king Philips doings Pyle certaine narow gates or strayts for passages King Philip findeth the Athenians vnspotted for corruption Thebanes corrupted by giftes and faire promises Great princes seeke amitie of meaner states for their owne welfare and to serue their seuerall turnes the better Athenians neuer corrupted with any fayre promise or offered hope to lose their countries libertie Athenians worthinesse seâ— forth by example of their elders Herodotus reporter of these matters In the warres against the Persians the Argeyans would not meddle but the Thebanes toke part with the Persians An aunswere to an obiection proouing that king Philip neyther for iustise sake nor yet by enforcement was friend to the Thebanes with certaine mocking of those nations The lapping vp of all these matters Wise men being wronged are to be feared of the wrong doers Euill men care for nothing but for the present time onely Part of an oration rehersed here by Demosthenes whereby he did will the Messenians and the Argians not to be in league with king Philip. Olynthians abused by King Philips counterfeyte dealings Thessalians deceyued â—y king Philip vnder colour of friendship offered Mistrustfulnes the chiefest safegarde that may be against the practises of Tyraunts He meaneth bicause he writ himselfe king Carelesse men are euer most nigh their owne harme Ambassadors seeking theyr owne priuate welfare are most daungerous ministers and therefore to be narowly looked vnto Daungerous to grauÌ„t an entry to the enimie Good men maliced for speaking truth Fayre promises makes fooles faine Pickethankes seeke by discrediting others to benefite themselues Good men in greater daunger for saying the truth than euill men are for dooing naughtily Pyla were certaine straytes to stop passages where the town Thermopylae stoode Peloponesus now Morea One inconuenience suffered many mischiefs do follow after Then is forâ—earing to speake most daungerous when necessitie requireth speach Flatterers and slaunderers the very authors of all mischiefe and euill hap that may be Slaunderers Bolde speech vpoÌ„ good cause deserues fauor Free speaking forbidden bringeth daunger to the state Many frame their talke according to the humor of others Through diligence and care those thinges may be redressed that weare by slouth and negligence forlorne He that doth wrong giueth cause of warre not they that seeke the redresse of wrong Councellours speaking for the best doe oftentymes beare the greatest blame Peace better than warre if a man may be sure of it Not king Philips words but his deedes are to be marked and looked vpon King Philip practised stafford law with the people of Athens Olynthians Phoceyans being euill vsed forsâ—oke their countrie by consent neuer to returne and builded Massilia in Prouance Thebe now Thiâ—a in Beotia Phere nowe Ceramidi a towne of Attica betwene Megara and Thebes Oreteynes Sleight and guile fitter for king Philip than euennesse and plaine dealing King Philips deedes rather to be marked than his wordes Diophites generall of the Athenians armie Cherronesus now Phanar Serrium and Doriscum townes in Thracia and in this second towne Xerxes armie was found iust 1000000. men Whatsoeuer swarueâ— an ynch from iusâ—tice the same tendeth streight to iniustice An vndermâ—ner and a fetching practiser worse than an open and plain sworne enimie The intent makes the offence when all things are prepared although the execution do not follow Preuention necessary when purposed mischiefe is foreknowne Hellespontus Megaris Euboia Peloponesus Cherronesus now Phanar Bizance nowe CoÌ„stantinople Aâ—l Greceland in daunger of king Philip. The sodaine rysing and encreased might of king Philip. King Philips libertie to doe what he lyâ—â— without step or let hath beene the cause of all the warres in Grece Grecians ruled by the Athenians 7â— yeares Grecians ruled by the Lacededemonians 29. yeares Grecians ruled by the Thebanes after the battail at Leuctra Such as passed the boundes of moderation among the Grecians heretofore were restrayned of their course brought perforce to liue in order The vnmeasurable harmes and excessâ—ue wrongs done by king Philip in short tyme Olynthus Methona Apollonia 32. townes in Thracia Countryes spoyled by king Philip. Phoceyans Thessalians Quatuorviratus Euboians A prowde bragging maner of writing vsed by king Phillip Hellespontus Ambracia now Larta Elis in Morea now Beluedere Megaris now Megrâ— All the worlde euer little to glut king Philips gredie and bottomlesse ambition Fondly weare the Grecians carelesse and vnquiet among themselues when the enimie was so busie and stirring abroade * King Philip he meaneth Euery man sekes to saue one for a time while others miscary whereas none haue any care of the whole state or country * An apt similitude deriued from the bodie to the mind declaring howe carelesse the GreciaÌ„s were Wrongs done by straungers more daungerous than harmes done by naturall Citizens or home borne men King Philip a barbarous prince mere straunger to the Grecians King Philip contumelius and dispitefuâ—l of his tongue * Pythia certaine games made yerely in the honour of Apollo for killing the mighty and venimous serpent Pytho Oracle of Apollo Amphictyones an assembly of states to come to gither hauing the name of Amphiction who caused the princes of Grece to be summoned to meete at
against the Wolfe Fiue talents â–ª 10000. drachmes Pleasure bought with sorow causeth repentance Sleight auoyded by sleight Good vtteraÌ„ce the best thing for an Orator Scolding and rayling not to be vsed nor answered vnto Demosthenes loialty towards his Countrie Slaundering neuer vsed by any honest man Demosthenes boldnesse to rebuke offenders Antiphon charged with treason by Demosthenes Demosthenes ielous ouer his Countryes welfare Demosthenes continuall â—â—â—mitie agaynâ—â— king Philip of Macedonie Euboia nowe the Islande Nigropâ—nie Bizanze nowe CoÌ„stantinople Amphissa Phocis Eliteum Demosthenes Ambassador to the Thebanes Demosthenes aucthoritie among the Thebanes Boetians the rest of Greece Cheronea a town in Boâ—otia where king Philip got victory against the Athenians King Philip after victorye had feared yet Demosthenes King of Persia his estimatioÌ„ of Demosthenes Enuie foloweth vertue King Philip trayterouslye slaine by Paâ—sanias one of his Garde Great reioysing in Athens vppon the newes had of King Philips death especially by Demosthenes None contented with their state Enuie shoulde ende with the death of a man. king Philips saying to Parmenio of Demosthenes Traytors to their Countrie hated euen of the enimie although their treason bee sometimes rewarded A good subiect beloued euen of the enimie Eloquence of as great force as armour Demosthenes onely feared of king Philip â–ª as being a Spoke to all his deuises Marathone a place tâ—n miles distant from Athens where Miltiades that valiant Capitain of Athens vanquished the Parsians Salamine an Island by Athens where they gotte a greet vâ—ctorie The best men able to doe the greatest good are often kept backe others set in place that can do lesse good â–ª Calauria now Sidra Vertue honoured euen amoÌ„g enimies Xerxes fauour to his deadly enimies Demosthenes honoured chiefly for his great wisedome in gouernment â–ª Demosthenes neuer dismayde by any aduersitie â–ª Great prayses giuen to Demosthenes by king Philip his enimie Demosthenes could neuer be corrupted by king Philip. Loue and hatred must be in euerie good Magistrate Pyndarus worthy saying of hiâ— that is both a friend and a foe Demosthenes estemed among men as a God. Alexander miscalled by Demosthenes Demosthenes fearefull to doe his message Nine hundred pound starling Demosthenes out of credite Agis king of Lacedemon slaine by his owne men for that he would restore the lawes of Licurgus Aeschines agaynst Ctesiphon for decreeing a garlande to Demosthenes in aduauncement of his worthinesse Aeschines banished and Demosthenes cleared Demosthenes vtterance commended by Aeschines his enimie Harpolus a traytor that forsooke his mayster king Alexander and ran away with his treasure Money blindeth the wise 3600. pâ—unde stacling Demosthenes euercome with the loue of a golden cup. Angina otherwise called Synanche an inflamation of the muscle of the inner gargil Reuerence of a spousall Areopagus the high Court of Grece called the Pallace of Mars to iudge causes criminal and matters of great importaÌ„ce * Nine thousaÌ„d pound starling A good enimie better than a bad friend Demosthenes saying when he went into banishment The people euill rewarders of them that haue done them good Magistrates alwayes subiect to enuie Diuers good deedes of Demosthenes Such charity of redeming captiues muche vsed and greatly commended at this day among the Greekes Pausanias wryteth the hystorie of Harpalus at large in his second boke of the description of Grece semeth there to cleare Demosthenes Ostracismus a banishment for ten yeres space by a certaine kinde of balloting with shelles wherin the names of the persons condeÌ„ned weare written and it was vsed to abate the power and credit of great personages y weare suspected to aspire â–ª Pytheas and Callimedon banished men from their couÌ„trie became traytours to the same Demosthenes euer true to his Countrie although he was banished Demosthenes and Pytheas chiding brawling the one with the other Demosthenes turning a speach vttered by his enimy to his purpose Demosthenes called from banishment Alcibiades receyued home for feare least being absent â–ª he might be hurtfull to his countrie Fiftie talents Alteration of states a thing naturall Cranon a town in Thessaly Demosthenes condemned by the people Hiperides Marathonius Aristonicus Himerius Hyperides a lewde wauering Orator Calauria an Island bordering vpoÌ„ Troâ—â—enium in Arcipelagus Archias entering the temple of Neptune in Calauria fouÌ„d Demosthenes there sought to perswade him to come away quietly to Antipater and he should haue no harme but he could not entreat him for all that he could doe or say Demosthenes would not giue eare to Archias speach Demosthenes maner of death by putting a quill to his mouth Creon king of Thebes a cruell murtherer of diuers and especiallye of Antigone and Argia beeing slaine himselfe afterwardes by Theseus of Athens for hys great tyrannie and murther vsed against others Demosthenes dyed without poysoning himselfe being sodenly deliuered by Gods mightie hand A dialogue betwixt Demosthenes Archias and the same rehearsed as it was to king Antipater by Archias vpoÌ„ his returne from the Isle Calauria now Sidra A rehearsall made by Demosthenes of his seuerall deedes atchieued for his couÌ„tries welfare God Neptunes temple a sanctuarie Callimedon Pytheas Demades three euill members salemakers of their Countries libertie Notable bashfulnesse of a Mayden that being to be executed was careful that no bare plat of hir body might vnsemely appere open Hee is worsse than mad that chargeth an other man with beggerie for that fortune is euer vnstable and no man assured of that he hath The courage of mans minde aboue all force and strength whatsoeuer Their galleyes and ships called by Apollo their woodden walles Euctemon Aristogiton Pytheas Callimedon foure traytours to their Countrie and flatterers to king Philip. The minde of euery man is man himselfe Miltiades victor in the battaile at Marathona Antipaters notable prayses giuen of Demosthenes The free minded man the best and surest friend Demosthenes age and how long it is since he was Traytors ende their dayes as they deserue A straunge and pitifull sight to see learning go a begging The best men alwayes in most daunger * 1600. pound starling The Table Enimies to be vsed as they would vse others 8 Enimies to be dealt withall when they are at the worst 36 Enimie to be fought withall rather at his home than at our home 48 Enimie waxing mighty to be feared greatly 5â— Enimies most daungerous when they deale with vs in our owne countrie 75 Enimies domesticall the worst creatures liuing 75 Enuie followeth vertue 124 Enuie shoulde ende with the death of him that is enuied 125 Entry graunted to the enimie a thing very daungerous 58 Euent of things rather marked than the cause 4 Etesie north east windes comming ordinarily at a certaine season of the yeare 42 Euill men care for nothing but for the present time 55 Euill speakers would be euill doers 8 Euill men gouerne with better safetie than good men 75 Euboia now Negroponte an Iland in Achaia 38 Euphreus a iust man
euill vsed by his owne Countrymen not onely by his enimies 76 Euphreus seeing the destruction of his countrie would not liue 77 Examples of foreslowing things and the losse of occasion offered 3 Execution of lawes a higher thing in nature than is the deuising or bare reporting of them 24 Executors carelesse of their charge 106 F FAults rather shyfted off to others than acknowledged of any 25 Fayre promises make fooles fayne 58 Falshoode in fellowship and common enuying one another 96 Falshode fayleth 13 Flatterers most daungerous people to a common weale 26 Flatterers bearing authoritie all things go to ruine 28 Flatterers suffered to speake in Athens in fauour of the enimie contrary to the maner of all other Countries 100 Flying tales and flattering newes doe neuer good to any state 47 Folly to die without doing any good when a man maye by escaping doe very much good 118 Fonde tales sooner heards than graue matters 117 Fortune so called otherwise in very deede is the grace of God which giueth successe to all our actions 16 Free speaking forbidden bringeth daunger to the state 63 G GEntlemen eschew euill for shame the common people for feare of harme 23 Gods goodnesse worketh all in all 16 God and nature set all things to sale for labor 34 Godly men to be stirred through carefulnesse of the wicked 46 Good men made afrayde when they see a good man euill vsed 77 Good men and euill men are of diuers opinions 77 Goodes wrongfully gotten haue small assurance 13 Good men maliced for speaking truth 58 Good men in greater daunger for saying the truth than euill men are for doing naughtily 59 Good subiects beloued euen of the enimy 126 Good vtterance the best thing for an Orator 120 Gouernors passing measure excedingly were restrained of their course 68 Gouernors ouer Gallies the best estemed men amōg the Athenians 106 Greecelande altogither in daunger of king Philip. 67 Greecelande ruled by the Athenians .73 yeares 67 Greecelande ruled by the Lacedemonians .29 yeares 68 Greecelande ruled by the Thebanes after the battayle of Leuctra 68 Grecians fondlye vnquiet among themselues when the enimie abrode was so busie and stirring agaynst them 69 Grecians aunciently most sounde in their dealings 71. Grecians in olde tyme carefull ouer Greecelande not onely ouer that Countrie wheare they weare borne 73 H HAbilitie in dealing rather to be followed than will. 26 Haliartum a towne in Morea 38 Happy who learneth wyt by anothers myshap 21 Happy is he that can take his tyme. 21 Home foes the worst people liuing 99 Honors chaunge maners especially in those that rise frō the dunghil 102 Honor got by vertue hath perpetuall assurance 103 H IDle men vnfit to reape the paynefull mans labor 30 Idle men soone taken tardie 36 Inconstancie not to bee feared of them that can not reuolt without their vndoing 31 Intent makes the offence being notoriously prooued although the deede be not done 66 Iseus an excellent Orator and teacher of eloquence 108 Isocrates the sweetest Orator aboue all others ibidem Iustice neuer so little broken iniustice is streyghtwayes commited 66 Iustice maintayneth estates 94 K KIngs being good and mighty therewithall are to be dread for feare of their authoritie 12 King Philips force what it is 12 his nature 1◠his state both fickle and weake 35 his properties rehearsed in a beade rowle 48 his wordes not so much to be marked as hys deedes 64 He practised Stafforde lawe with the people of Athens 64 fitter for sleyght and guyle than for euennesse and playne dealing 65 his deedes rather to be noted than his wordes 65 his libertie to doe what he lyst hath bene the cause of all the warres in Greece 67 his vnmeasurable wrong doing in short time 68 his prowde maner of wryting 69 his bottomlesse ambicion 69 barbarous and contumelious of his tongue 70 most painfull to doe his endeuour 74 to be kept vnder by armor not by wordes 83 a cherisher of ambicious persons 84 he hateth euen the very religion of Athens 86 he mindeth wholy the destruction of Athens 87 his prayse is ouerthwarted 118 L LAbor and paynes taking bring all thyngs to passe 113 Laysinesse lost Athens 96 Lawes to be abrogated that hinder good proceedings 23 Lawe makers and none others ought to abrogate their owne decree and lawe established 24 Lawes needelesse if either feare or loue could driue men to be honest 104 Lawes are the lynkes of vertue 104 Libertie sweete and desired of all men 13 Lewde doyngs shorten good dayes 16 Lythernesse to be redeemed by diligence 17 M MAgistrates what they shoulde bee 27 Magistrates that are to be mislyked and wherfore 28 Magistrates compared to Mastrifes that defende sheepe against the Wolfe 119 Mans minde is man himselfe 103 Mardonius fauchen hoong vp in the temple for hys victorie agaynst the Plateyans 27 Mandragora what it is 85 Menelaus a straunger and Captayne to the Athenians in their warres at home 41 Men in authoritie seeke rather their owne aduauncement than the welfare of their countrie 101 Miltiades a temperate gouernor 27 Monye to be well heeded in time of warre for dysposing of it that euery one may haue his pay 42 Monye taking destroyed Olynthus 100 Monye taking the ruyne of Thebes ibid. Monye taking vndid Thessalia ibid. Mistrustfulnesse the chiefest safegarde that may be agaynst the practises of tyrants 57 Mercenary souldiers serue there where they may haue the most gaine 18 N NAughtypackes make euill men the more bolde and flatterers make fooles the more fonde 15 Necessitie and neede neuer more than now 36 Neglecting euen of priuate causes very daungerous to a state 5 Negligence not ignorance hurted the Grecians 21 Negligence and want of care haue caused much wo. 33 Negligence lost Athens 83 Neighbours adioyning vnto vs should carefully be looked vnto 89 Nothing well done that is not willingly done 89 O OCcasion giuen is a warning sent from god not to be omitted without great daunger 1 Occasion presently offered and vnlooked for ◠Occasions newly offered vpon rehersall of occasions lost 4 Occasion not to be omitted without great perill 11 Occasions to be taken nowe or neuer 22 Occasions offered neuer better 25 Offers made that may be receyued as much to be esteemed as the present and absolute possession of things 4 Olynthians deceyued by king Philip. 78 Olynthians abused by King Philips counterfeyte dealings 56 One inconuenience suffered many mischiefes follow after 59 Order of great value to gouerne things well 43 Oriteynes abused and pittifully tormented by King Philip. 78 Orchomenius Laomedon by exercising of his body cured himselfe of a great disease 109 Ouermuch medling and ouerlittle both hurtfull to man and Citie 101 P PAinefull men weare the Garlands 17 Panyke what it is 87 Pardoning offences very often destroyeth a state 103 Peoples cōmon hatred prognosticateth destruction to the partie hated 15 Peace better than warre if a man may be sure of it 64 Peny well spent that
rewardes are necessarye for well doers so chastisement is meete for offenders He that will blame an other man must first be blamelesse himselfe in the selfe same matter that he blameth others Rewardes due for paynes taking Mercenarie strangers serue chiefly there for gaine where it is most to be had In euery ward of Athens was 300. comâ—â—ers whom the Orator abused aswell in leuying of mony as appoynting offices Libertie of speach necessarie for the Countries welfare Wordes and deedes should be all one After the afflicted confederates are first holpen we may in the necke therof seeke reuengement of our enimy and deuise his annoyaunce and not before Happie is he that can take his tyme. Rather negligence than ignoraunce hath hâ—â—t the Grecians Ten thousande eight hundred pound starling Nine hundred poundes starling It is good dealing with the enâ—miâ— when he is most weake and at the woorst Occasion to be taken nowe or neuer Besides dishonour there is feare of daunger hereafter if ayde be not sent presently for that the Thebanes are very lyke to fall from them and that the Phoceyans are very poore and needie Gentlemen eschewe euill for shame the common people for feare of harme Euill lawes are to be abrogated that hinder good proceedings Those that sought to repeale lawes among the Grecians by decree written and recorded in a table suffered smart for their attempt if they weare not able to proue theyr assertion to be for the Countries welfare The lawe maker and none other should abrogate his own decree and law established Lawes not executed are of no value and as good not made as not practised Execution of lawes a higher thing in nature than is the deuising or bare reporting of them Occasion offered neuer better and therefore not to be foreslowed * king Philip he meaneth Better for euery man to amend one and to doe his duty than euery one to seeke faultes in others without mending his owne Euery one shifteth to excuse his own doings and rather posteth faults ouer to others than takes them vpon him to beare the blame himselfe Publike prayer and supplication vsed to Godwardes Not as men would but as men may and as the nature of things do require so should they deale A good subiect preferreth the welfare of his Countrie before all other things Aristides Nicias Demosthenes Pericles Flatterers people most daungerous to a common weale * A comparison betwixt those that weare and those that are and what oddes there is betwixt the one and the other * One Milion eight hundred thousand poundes starling Perdicca king of Macedonie payde tribute to Athens * Old Councellours what they weare among the Greekes * Zerxes saddle dedicated to Minerua for his victorie had at Salamina Mardonius Semiterra or fawchen hong vp in the temple in honor of his victorie had agaynst the Plateians The temperance of two gouernors Aristides and Miltiades Magistrates what they should be * Old Councellors in Grece 1. Faithfull to their countrie 2. Deuout towards God. 3. Vpright and iust as a beame towardes all When flatterers beares rule all things comes to naught * Two hundred seuentie thousand pounde starling Trifles and vanities highly set foorth in steade of weightie affayres Magistrates and gouernors who they be â–ª that are to be misliked wherfore Demades Phryno Eubulus Philocrates noted to be the euill and corrupt Orators The causes of corrupt gouernement He meaneth the Orators 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was a small peece of money hauing the print vpon it of a small bullâ—cke in value two pence and somwhat more Such is the man and his maners as his delite and studie is He meaneth Ceres who was fayned to be the Goddesse of corne bicause she first taught the maner of manuring and turning vp the earth to cast corne therin By diligence and paynes taking all may be amended that is amisse An apt similitude to perswade that the stage money should be employed vpon the warres Euery man bound to aduaunce for his part the welfare of his countrie The idle should not reape the fruite of the painefull He misliketh that hired souldiours straungers should doe great things for them and they to do nothing for themselues The elders and most auncient weare wont to speake first When things are in extremitie it is good to be of good cheere and rather lustily to amend that in amisse than cowardly to faint and be in dispayre of all Negligence and want of care doe cause much wo. He styrreth the Athenians to be doing by example of their auncient prowes atchieued against the Lacedemonians Pidna a Citie in Macedonie Potidea a towne in Thracia Methona now called Modon a towne in Achaia Countries and states are the rewardes of valiaunt and couragious personages God and nature do set all things to sale for labour King Philips state both fickle and weake King Philip he meaneth The ydle man is soone taken tardie Neuer more neede to bee doing then nowe Necessitie Common askers of newes are no better than common pratlers Vnnecessarie questions asked of king Philips being Good dealing with the enimy when he is at the woorst Great was the desire of the Athenians to recouer their lost townes The maner how the Athenians did prepare themselues to the warres Pyla Chersonesus Olynthus Euboia nowe Negroponte an Island in Achaia Haliaâ—â—â—m a towne in Morea within the territorie of Messeâ—iâ— Citizens alwayes to be readie for annoying the enimie The number of Souldiors fit for the warres The reason why he would so small an armie should be prouided Why he would haue his owne countrymen to be ioyned souldiours with the straungers Corynthus a Citie in Morea Policrates Iphicrates Gabrias Euill trusting straungers alone to serue in the warres by themselues Souldiours must haue their paye Little was the authoritie that the Athenians had in their warres Menelaus a straunger and Capitaine to the Athenians in their warres at home Daungerous 〈◊〉 haue a straunger generall * Sixtene thousand two hundred poundes starling * Seuen thousand two hundred poundes starling * Three score poundes starling * It appeareth by this reckoning the prouision should be for a yeare * Six shillings starling A hundred drachmes made minam which was a pound of xij ounces that is three pound sterling of our standard * Two thousand a hundred sixtie poundes starling * Nine pounds starling To say and doe are two things Etesie certaine Northeast windes so called bicause they came ordinarily at a certain season of the yeare Lemnus nowe Stalimene an Island in the sea Aegeum south from Candia Thasus an Island their likewise not farre from Thracia Sciathus an Iland there also Good heede to be takeÌ„ in time of warre for dispensing of the treasure that euery man may haue his iust pay Gerastus Marathona A sacred Galey The feast of Minerua kept by order The holy day of God Bacchus duely obserued and by order appoynted to be kept Short shooting loseth the game Methona