coelo_fw-la the_o rather_o for_o that_o so_o many_o good_a act_n of_o parliament_n have_v be_v make_v long_o since_o concern_v the_o same_o when_o the_o staple_n of_o our_o commodity_n do_v flourish_v both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o 1622._o the_o maintenance_n of_o â—ree_a trade_n anno_fw-la 1622._o and_o have_v of_o late_o publish_v ten_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n it_o may_v be_v think_v convenient_a to_o examine_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o say_a point_n 1_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o overualuation_n consequent_o of_o foreign_a coin_n unto_o we_o which_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o england_n 2_o usury_n politic_a practise_v by_o many_o and_o abandon_v trade_n 3_o the_o litigious_a suit_n in_o law_n to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o trade_n 4_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n preoccupy_v by_o other_o nation_n 5_o 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alteration_n of_o ten_o day_n make_v by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o 13._o ivlius_fw-la caesar_n the_o first_o emperor_n of_o rome_n a_o man_n learned_a and_o of_o great_a magnanimity_n consider_v that_o the_o roman_a year_n be_v reckon_v confuse_o according_o to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n &_o by_o the_o hebrew_n with_o their_o intercalar_a month_n to_o make_v the_o same_o agree_v with_o the_o sun_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o instigation_n of_o sosigenes_n a_o expert_a mathematician_n about_o 44_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n devise_v a_o new_a foâ—me_n of_o calendar_n first_o frame_v after_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n divide_v the_o whole_a year_n into_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n and_o six_o hour_n make_v it_o to_o contain_v twelve_o month_n whereof_o the_o name_n be_v yet_o in_o use_n beginning_n from_o march_n for_o the_o first_o month_n which_o cause_v september_n october_n november_n and_o december_n to_o bear_v their_o name_n the_o seven_o 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which_o have_v a_o reference_n unto_o god_n the_o only_a fountain_n of_o goodness_n the_o only_a father_n creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o we_o all_o here_o let_v we_o note_v that_o the_o philosopher_n have_v not_o only_o with_o one_o consent_n affirm_v that_o great_a mystery_n and_o virtue_n be_v contain_v in_o number_n but_o the_o ancient_a father_n have_v also_o observe_v the_o same_o in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n as_o jerome_n augustine_n origen_n ambrose_n basil_n athanasius_n hilarius_n rabanus_n beda_n and_o other_o among_o who_o doctor_n rabanus_n have_v make_v a_o book_n of_o the_o virtue_n which_o be_v hide_v under_o number_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o mystery_n comprehend_v under_o number_n saint_n john_n in_o the_o revelation_n will_v not_o have_v say_v he_o that_o have_v understanding_n let_v he_o reckon_v the_o number_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o beast_n jiiiii_n
endeavour_v still_o to_o sell_v good_a cheap_a who_o see_v not_o that_o this_o bring_v a_o evident_a over_o ballence_v of_o commodity_n in_o price_n which_o be_v to_o be_v balance_v by_o the_o treasure_n and_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n again_o if_o our_o home_n commodity_n be_v sell_v too_o good_a cheap_a other_o nation_n can_v make_v a_o trade_n thereby_o for_o other_o country_n and_o overthrow_v the_o trade_n of_o several_a society_n of_o the_o realm_n we_o have_v see_v in_o time_n past_a that_o the_o western_a colour_n carseye_n be_v sell_v at_o norenborough_n in_o germany_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n and_o hindrance_n of_o the_o than_o turkey_n trade_n and_o at_o this_o present_a our_o suffolk_n clothes_n be_v sell_v so_o good_a cheap_a beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o amsterdam_n and_o other_o place_n that_o they_o have_v make_v a_o large_a trade_n for_o russia_n and_o east-land_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o thereby_o overthrow_v our_o trade_n by_o preoccupy_v the_o market_n and_o engross_a the_o commodity_n of_o those_o country_n aforehand_o from_o zealand_n there_o be_v a_o trade_n establish_v for_o barbary_n with_o the_o say_a clothes_n sell_v unto_o they_o thereby_o prevent_v the_o trade_n of_o english_a merchant_n which_o yield_v they_o but_o little_a profit_n and_o the_o commodity_n which_o they_o bring_v in_o return_n as_o hide_n almond_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v better_o vent_v beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o our_o merchant_n be_v force_v to_o transport_v they_o and_o the_o gold_n which_o they_o bring_v afford_v but_o little_a profit_n variable_a the_o time_n and_o season_n of_o trade_n be_v variable_a so_o that_o to_o make_v commerce_n to_o be_v a_o pastime_n be_v neither_o beneficial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n noâ—_n to_o particular_a person_n the_o time_n or_o season_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n be_v mutable_a and_o subject_a to_o accident_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o at_o some_o one_o time_n commodity_n be_v well_o vent_v and_o at_o another_o time_n not_o the_o rash_a sale_n be_v not_o the_o profitable_a have_v not_o we_o find_v of_o late_a year_n that_o cloth_n be_v sell_v in_o great_a quantity_n and_o at_o great_a price_n when_o the_o todd_n of_o wool_n be_v sell_v at_o 32_o and_o 33_o shilling_n and_o clothes_n according_o than_o now_o when_o wool_n be_v sell_v for_o 18_o and_o 20_o shilling_n the_o revolution_n of_o thing_n may_v alter_v again_o and_o revive_v trade_n if_o not_o procure_v you_o to_o have_v foreign_a commodity_n better_o cheap_a whereof_o you_o have_v not_o so_o much_o need_v as_o they_o have_v of_o we_o strive_v not_o to_o undersell_v other_o to_o the_o hurt_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n under_o colour_n to_o increase_v trade_n commeâ—ce_n cause_n increase_v trade_n and_o commeâ—ce_n for_o trade_n do_v not_o increase_v when_o commodity_n be_v good_a cheap_a because_o the_o cheapenesse_n proceed_v of_o the_o small_a request_n and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n which_o make_v thing_n cheap_a so_o that_o the_o contrary_n augment_v trade_n when_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n become_v dear_a be_v in_o request_n concern_v the_o particular_a barter_n or_o truck_v with_o merchant_n every_o man_n do_v know_v who_o deal_v therein_o barter_n particular_a barter_n that_o this_o be_v do_v with_o such_o dexterity_n to_o take_v advantage_n in_o the_o price_n of_o their_o commodity_n one_o against_o the_o other_o that_o common_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o find_v himself_o aggrieve_v for_o the_o overreach_n therein_o be_v account_v a_o usual_a and_o ordinary_a practice_n and_o the_o commodity_n thus_o barter_v be_v plentiful_a and_o not_o in_o request_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o to_o have_v good_a commodity_n which_o be_v vendible_a at_o all_o time_n there_o be_v part_v give_v in_o ready_a money_n or_o in_o bill_n payable_a at_o short_a day_n of_o payment_n whereby_o many_o merchant_n be_v overreach_v and_o can_v have_v no_o remedy_n by_o law_n nor_o equity_n hence_o the_o proverb_n be_v derive_v caveat_n emptor_n for_o it_o be_v a_o buy_v and_o sell_v imply_v a_o advantage_n intend_v by_o both_o party_n how_o soever_o they_o will_v seem_v to_o colour_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o proverb_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v upon_o all_o bargain_n of_o commodity_n whereby_o a_o man_n become_v a_o loser_n and_o he_o that_o deal_v in_o barter_n must_v be_v very_o circumspect_a and_o the_o money_n give_v in_o barter_n can_v be_v overset_v whereupon_o a_o principal_a merchant_n of_o london_n make_v once_o a_o barter_n in_o hope_n to_o overreach_v another_o merchant_n and_o they_o both_o be_v resolve_v to_o do_v their_o best_a endeavour_n therein_o agree_v to_o esteem_n and_o value_v their_o commodity_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n commutation_n a_o cunning_a commutation_n but_o withal_o the_o great_a merchant_n will_v have_v the_o one_o moiety_n of_o the_o some_o they_o shall_v barter_n for_o in_o ready_a money_n and_o so_o the_o more_o he_o do_v overualue_n his_o commodity_n which_o be_v cloth_n the_o more_o money_n be_v the_o other_o to_o lay_v out_o the_o bargain_n come_v to_o one_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n whereupon_o the_o party_n pay_v five_o hundred_o pound_n in_o ready_a money_n instant_o for_o all_o be_v do_v in_o two_o hour_n and_o deliver_v he_o also_o forty_o half_a piece_n of_o lawn_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n the_o first_o piece_n and_o in_o every_o two_o or_o three_o piece_n raise_v the_o price_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v in_o that_o kind_n of_o commodity_n the_o great_a merchant_n have_v overset_v his_o commodity_n or_o clothes_n fifty_o upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o the_o other_o merchant_n that_o can_v not_o overset_v his_o money_n have_v value_v his_o lawn_n at_o a_o very_a high_a rate_n of_o three_o for_o one_o at_o the_o least_o for_o all_o the_o say_v forty_o half_a piece_n of_o lawn_n be_v sell_v for_o 120_o will_v payable_a at_o two_o year_n day_n of_o payment_n and_o by_o the_o cloth_n there_o be_v not_o lose_v above_o one_o hundred_o pound_n hereupon_o long_o after_o the_o say_a party_n fall_v at_o variance_n the_o cause_n be_v by_o they_o compromit_v unto_o very_o sufficient_a arbitrator_n merchant_n and_o they_o do_v approve_v and_o confirm_v the_o say_a commutation_n and_o barter_n to_o be_v good_a for_o that_o the_o commodity_n be_v merchantable_a and_o they_o have_v endeavour_v to_o try_v their_o wit_n to_o overreach_v each_o other_o and_o moreover_o they_o award_v the_o great_a merchant_n to_o pay_v charge_n and_o will_v he_o to_o remember_v the_o old_a proverb_n he_o that_o buy_v lawn_n before_o he_o can_v fold_v it_o will_v repent_v before_o he_o have_v sell_v it_o but_o these_o particular_a commutation_n between_o man_n and_o man_n be_v not_o hurtful_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n unless_o they_o be_v between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n in_o the_o plurality_n of_o the_o thing_n commute_v between_o we_o and_o they_o commutation_n a_o rule_n for_o commutation_n to_o prescribe_v therefore_o some_o kind_n of_o rule_n in_o permutation_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v in_o effect_n three_o kind_n of_o they_o and_o may_v be_v distinguish_v and_o say_v to_o be_v discreet_a temperate_a and_o desperate_a commutation_n discreet_a commutation_n the_o discreet_a be_v where_o without_o any_o compulsion_n or_o of_o course_n one_o kind_n of_o commodity_n be_v either_o in_o specie_fw-la or_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o money_n barter_v or_o deliver_v for_o another_o commodity_n of_o another_o kingdom_n as_o the_o bargain_n be_v to_o deliver_v sea-coal_n of_o newcastle_n into_o france_n for_o salt_n pay_v the_o freight_n on_o either_o side_n equal_o between_o they_o commutation_n temperate_a commutation_n the_o temperate_a commutation_n be_v where_o a_o merchant_n do_v expect_v a_o convenient_a time_n for_o the_o sell_n of_o his_o commodity_n according_a to_o the_o accident_n and_o occasion_n offer_v and_o do_v not_o overthrow_v the_o market_n of_o other_o that_o have_v the_o like_a commodity_n to_o sell_v by_o his_o rash_a sale_n commutation_n desperate_a commutation_n the_o desperate_a commutation_n be_v mere_a opposite_a unto_o it_o where_o a_o man_n either_o for_o want_v of_o discretion_n or_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n to_o supply_v his_o credit_n and_o occasion_n sell_v or_o barter_v away_o his_o commodity_n for_o other_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o return_v homeward_o in_o all_o which_o great_a discretion_n be_v to_o be_v use_v and_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o principal_a study_n for_o society_n and_o company_n to_o look_v unto_o albeit_o the_o same_o be_v not_o of_o such_o importance_n as_o the_o buy_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n at_o dear_a rate_n when_o merchant_n strive_v to_o engross_v they_o upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o ship_n as_o for_o corrint_n have_v happen_v at_o zante_n and_o venice_n chap._n ix_o of_o ordinary_a buy_n and_o selling_n of_o commodity_n every_o
exchange_n do_v acknowledge_v the_o receipt_n for_o the_o bill_n be_v give_v upon_o account_n between_o they_o which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v up_o and_o he_o be_v not_o to_o clear_v their_o account_n and_o the_o party_n break_v do_v owe_v unto_o he_o far_o great_a sum_n the_o party_n at_o london_n answer_v the_o notary_n that_o they_o look_v to_o be_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o acceptation_n of_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o for_o other_o matter_n they_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v therewith_o interim_n the_o party_n at_o london_n who_o have_v accept_v the_o bill_n die_v and_o so_o all_o the_o bill_n return_v protest_v and_o the_o matter_n rest_v undetermine_v but_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o merchant_n and_o my_o own_o be_v that_o the_o acceptor_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v to_o pay_v they_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o executor_n be_v liable_a thereunto_o unless_o there_o be_v find_v a_o apparent_a combination_n and_o practice_n in_o it_o between_o the_o two_o merchant_n of_o antuerp_n as_o be_v by_o many_o suspect_v thus_o much_o concern_v the_o observation_n of_o exchange_n chap._n vii_o of_o notary_n intimation_n and_o protest_v the_o intimation_n of_o notary_n well_o and_o orderly_o make_v may_v be_v call_v to_o be_v true_a probation_n of_o the_o original_n in_o the_o court_n of_o law_n and_o equity_n whereby_o the_o better_a foundation_n may_v be_v lay_v in_o all_o litigious_a cause_n which_o take_v their_o feel_a beginning_n of_o a_o wrong_n do_v protest_v the_o time_n of_o intimation_n and_o protest_v whereof_o intimation_n be_v a_o manifestation_n and_o protest_v as_o be_v more_o sensible_a be_v mean_n of_o the_o redress_n thereof_o both_o these_o have_v a_o tripartite_a reference_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n to_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o which_o we_o be_v to_o make_v our_o declaration_n observe_v first_o and_o foremost_a that_o the_o time_n to_o make_v the_o say_a intimation_n and_o protest_v must_v be_v observe_v both_o for_o day_n and_o hour_n as_o have_v be_v note_v for_o the_o hour_n convenient_a be_v when_o the_o action_n of_o man_n be_v public_o do_v in_o the_o day_n time_n neither_o too_o early_a nor_o too_o late_o but_o as_o it_o be_v at_o such_o time_n as_o matter_n be_v ordinary_o hear_v in_o judicial_a court_n wherein_o the_o sabbath_n day_n and_o holiday_n be_v except_v which_o they_o be_v likewise_o to_o observe_v day_n commodity_n to_o be_v deliver_v by_o a_o day_n for_o commodity_n buy_v or_o sell_v to_o be_v deliver_v at_o or_o before_o such_o a_o day_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v intimation_n and_o to_o tender_v the_o commodity_n before_o the_o day_n but_o it_o must_v also_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o last_o day_n and_o to_o take_v witness_n of_o it_o and_o if_o the_o commodity_n be_v not_o of_o the_o goodness_n that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o the_o contract_n or_o bargain_n make_v and_o nevertheless_o for_o some_o cause_n you_o do_v not_o hold_v convenient_a to_o refuse_v they_o let_v there_o be_v make_v a_o notariall_a instrument_n or_o act_n concern_v the_o defectivenesse_n of_o the_o commodity_n with_o a_o protestation_n of_o your_o intention_n to_o recover_v all_o your_o damage_n and_o loss_n sustain_v or_o like_a to_o be_v sustain_v thereby_o which_o will_v be_v very_o available_a unto_o you_o upon_o all_o occasion_n this_o be_v much_o observe_v beyond_o the_o sea_n especial_o upon_o the_o lading_n of_o ship_n which_o be_v to_o take_v in_o the_o same_o or_o else_o may_v incur_v a_o further_a danger_n unto_o the_o charter-partie_n of_o fraightment_n and_o whereas_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n will_v make_v a_o protest_v against_o you_o if_o his_o lade_n be_v not_o ready_a at_o the_o day_n appoint_v or_o agree_v upon_o so_o be_v it_o reasonable_a that_o you_o make_v the_o like_a protest_v against_o the_o party_n that_o sell_v you_o the_o commodity_n to_o be_v deliver_v at_o such_o a_o day_n and_o if_o it_o do_v fall_v out_o that_o you_o have_v commit_v the_o like_a fault_n and_o thereupon_o a_o protest_v be_v make_v against_o you_o and_o the_o notary_n will_v crave_v your_o answer_n to_o be_v record_v that_o thereupon_o at_o convenient_a time_n some_o advantage_n may_v be_v take_v against_o you_o the_o not_o answer_v being_n take_v to_o be_v discourteous_a or_o brutish_a the_o ordinary_a answer_n be_v video_fw-la &_o taceo_fw-la or_o i_o do_v hear_v and_o see_v which_o word_n the_o notary_n do_v insert_v in_o his_o act_n intimation_n or_o protest_v specialty_n money_n payable_a by_o bond_n or_o specialty_n if_o intimation_n protest_v or_o witness_n be_v make_v concern_v the_o receipt_n and_o payment_n of_o money_n upon_o bond_n or_o other_o evidence_n limit_v to_o a_o day_n you_o be_v then_o to_o observe_v the_o last_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o to_o tender_a or_o to_o attend_v for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v or_o to_o be_v receive_v until_o sun_n set_v at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o common_o stay_v there_o one_o hour_n after_o sun_n set_v with_o witness_n and_o if_o the_o house_n lodging_n or_o place_n be_v shut_v up_o make_v your_o tender_a or_o demand_v upon_o the_o threshold_n of_o the_o door_n but_o the_o money_n must_v be_v tell_v even_o and_o then_o put_v up_o again_o into_o the_o bag_n and_o to_o take_v notice_n and_o witness_n of_o it_o under_o their_o hand_n write_v of_o the_o day_n and_o hour_n when_o the_o money_n be_v tender_v or_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o it_o be_v demand_v but_o this_o last_o be_v in_o case_n when_o money_n be_v make_v paiable_a upon_o reasonable_a demand_n demand_n money_n paiable_a upon_o reasonable_a demand_n for_o albeit_o that_o money_n simple_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v owe_v by_o bill_n or_o bond_n without_o limitation_n of_o time_n for_o the_o payment_n be_v take_v to_o be_v due_a ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la that_o be_v as_o soon_o as_o you_o do_v underwrite_v the_o say_a bill_n or_o bond_n yet_o civility_n require_v a_o kind_n of_o intimation_n and_o demand_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n although_o a_o bill_n have_v a_o time_n limit_v for_o the_o payment_n yet_o if_o the_o same_o be_v thirty_o year_n old_a and_o have_v be_v never_o demand_v it_o be_v void_a of_o course_n and_o can_v be_v recover_v by_o that_o law_n and_o bill_n make_v upon_o reasonable_a demand_n if_o they_o be_v not_o demand_v in_o seven_o year_n which_o be_v account_v for_o the_o life_n of_o man_n it_o be_v void_a also_o for_o there_o must_v be_v a_o determinate_a course_n in_o all_o thing_n or_o a_o continuance_n by_o way_n of_o reviuer_n therefore_o land_n hold_v in_o quiet_a possession_n for_o the_o space_n of_o sixty_o year_n be_v a_o perpetual_a inheritance_n by_o the_o say_v law_n if_o money_n payable_a upon_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o a_o bond_n forfeiture_n money_n take_v which_o be_v payable_a upon_o a_o forfeiture_n have_v be_v take_v or_o rob_v upon_o the_o high_a way_n or_o otherwise_o whereby_o the_o bond_n can_v not_o be_v pay_v upon_o the_o day_n yet_o be_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v intimation_n of_o it_o at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o avoid_v all_o such_o advantage_n as_o may_v be_v take_v thereupon_o upon_o the_o redemption_n of_o land_n or_o lease_n jewel_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n wherein_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n will_v relieve_v a_o man_n hereupon_o the_o soon_o for_o it_o be_v a_o demonstration_n of_o a_o good_a will_n and_o intention_n prevent_v by_o such_o a_o mischievous_a accident_n et_fw-la si_fw-la desint_fw-la vires_fw-la tamen_fw-la est_fw-la laudanda_fw-la voluntas_fw-la concern_v intimation_n and_o protest_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o non-acceptation_n of_o payment_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v exchange_n for_o non-acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n that_o the_o first_o protest_v which_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o intimation_n require_v more_o celerity_n than_o the_o other_o and_o albeit_o that_o by_o custom_n the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o accept_v the_o same_o have_v twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n respite_n to_o deliberate_v before_o he_o give_v his_o answer_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o lose_v any_o time_n in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o protest_v of_o acceptation_n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o pregnant_a cause_n the_o protest_v may_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o notary_n for_o a_o while_n but_o your_o diligence_n can_v be_v discommend_v this_o protest_v be_v make_v exchange_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o afterward_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n become_v due_a the_o notary_n be_v the_o fit_a man_n to_o demand_v the_o payment_n or_o to_o protest_v unless_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o
a_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o law_n which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v fruitless_a or_o make_v as_o it_o be_v say_v by_o some_o propter_fw-la terrorem_fw-la for_o prevention_n whereof_o it_o be_v very_o commendable_a to_o preserve_v this_o life_n of_o the_o law_n consist_v in_o execution_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o commissioner_n have_v be_v heretofore_o appoint_v to_o retain_v man_n in_o their_o duty_n as_o the_o nomophilats_n in_o greece_n the_o censuror_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o ephore_n at_o lacedaemon_n the_o areopagit_n at_o athens_n the_o visitor_n in_o spain_n duty_n commissioner_n to_o retain_v officer_n in_o their_o duty_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o troyle_n the_o bastort_v in_o edward_n the_o first_o his_o time_n for_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v so_o flexible_a to_o evil_n that_o they_o have_v need_n of_o a_o continual_a remembrancer_n to_o virtue_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a good_a if_o we_o will_v make_v a_o comparison_n between_o the_o execution_n of_o criminal_a cause_n and_o civil_a we_o shall_v in_o a_o manner_n find_v the_o same_o to_o be_v all_o one_o effectual_o for_o the_o general_a manner_n of_o death_n impose_v by_o the_o law_n be_v hang_v where_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v diverse_a manner_n of_o execution_n according_a as_o the_o fact_n be_v heinous_a murder_n be_v a_o great_a offence_n have_v in_o all_o age_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n but_o steal_v of_o good_n be_v always_o take_v to_o be_v much_o inferior_a because_o the_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o punish_v the_o same_o by_o death_n as_o be_v now_o use_v and_o yet_o a_o death_n by_o sudden_a execution_n be_v better_a than_o a_o linger_a death_n by_o famine_n imprisonment_n and_o other_o adversity_n before_o remember_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n royal_a to_o be_v merciful_a even_o when_o law_n have_v have_v her_o full_a course_n be_v to_o be_v see_v rather_o in_o cause_n civil_a than_o criminal_a and_o that_o in_o the_o relief_n of_o poor_a distress_a prisoner_n and_o other_o contrary_n justice_n and_o mercy_n in_o god_n be_v not_o contrary_n see_v the_o mercy_n of_o god_n who_o lieutenant_n they_o be_v on_o earth_n be_v above_o all_o his_o work_n which_o make_v i_o to_o remember_v a_o error_n of_o the_o common_a people_n which_o think_v the_o justice_n and_o mercy_n of_o god_n to_o be_v contrary_n for_o if_o they_o be_v they_o can_v not_o be_v in_o god_n because_o the_o godhead_n be_v but_o one_o and_o always_o like_o itself_o can_v admit_v contrary_n and_o contrary_n they_o can_v be_v be_v both_o virtue_n whereas_o no_o virtue_n be_v contrary_a to_o virtue_n but_o only_o opposite_a to_o vice_n so_o that_o respect_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o criminal_a cause_n when_o the_o law_n have_v determine_v death_n or_o punishment_n by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n or_o banishment_n the_o king_n imitate_v god_n mercy_n do_v restore_v life_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n much_o more_o may_v the_o king_n do_v the_o same_o in_o civil_a cause_n when_o the_o law_n command_v imprisonment_n until_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v of_o the_o judgement_n give_v liberty_n and_o prolongation_n of_o time_n as_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o person_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v i_o have_v herein_o be_v the_o more_o ample_a because_o it_o concern_v the_o life_n of_o many_o honest_a man_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xiii_o of_o denization_n and_o naturalisation_n of_o merchant_n the_o manner_n to_o make_v merchant_n stranger_n artificersâ—_n or_o handiecraft_n man_n to_o be_v denizen_n or_o naturalize_v be_v in_o time_n pass_v without_o any_o difference_n and_o they_o do_v enjoy_v the_o like_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v most_o common_o make_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n by_o his_o highness_n prerogative_n royal_a whereby_o they_o do_v enjoy_v all_o the_o freedom_n and_o immunity_n that_o natural_a subject_n do_v enjoy_v and_o be_v so_o repute_v and_o take_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n upon_o their_o oath_n make_v in_o chancery_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o the_o same_o be_v afterwards_o call_v in_o question_n upon_o the_o misdemeanour_n of_o some_o forgetful_a person_n and_o then_o denizen_n be_v make_v to_o pay_v custom_n to_o the_o king_n as_o stranger_n howbeit_o they_o may_v buy_v lease_n land_n and_o house_n as_o english_a bear_v subject_n and_o their_o child_n here_o bear_v shall_v be_v free_a and_o pay_v but_o english_a custom_n for_o good_n import_v and_o export_v and_o may_v become_v freeman_n of_o london_n and_o buy_v cloth_n in_o blackewell_n hall_n and_o all_o other_o market_n and_o transport_v the_o same_o where_o it_o please_v they_o albeit_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n have_v infringe_v the_o same_o distinguish_v naturalize_v distinguish_v nevertheless_o some_o privilege_n to_o pay_v english_a custom_n be_v grant_v to_o some_o particular_a merchant_n by_o the_o prince_n prerogative_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o these_o be_v name_v naturalize_v which_o may_v be_v place_v in_o office_n as_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quorum_fw-la high_a sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n and_o other_o place_n of_o dignity_n and_o come_v to_o be_v make_v knight_n and_o barronet_n and_o some_o of_o they_o buy_v land_n and_o lease_n make_v great_a purchase_n marry_v their_o daughter_n unto_o diverse_a gentleman_n and_o other_o do_v also_o sell_v land_n again_o and_o buy_v other_o land_n which_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o land_n do_v require_v assurance_n to_o be_v make_v and_o therein_o some_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o the_o law_n the_o say_a assurance_n be_v not_o of_o sufficient_a validity_n without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o act_n of_o naturalisation_n be_v make_v but_o the_o make_n of_o denizen_n be_v always_o continue_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n only_o and_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n albeit_o they_o pay_v stranger_n custom_n employment_n denizen_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n and_o diverse_a other_o charge_n which_o the_o native_a subject_n do_v not_o pay_v whereof_o merchant_n be_v to_o take_v notice_n no_o stranger_n which_o be_v a_o mechanical_a person_n be_v much_o incline_v to_o be_v a_o natural_a subject_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n because_o of_o the_o charge_n of_o it_o which_o may_v be_v about_o 30_o will_v albeit_o four_o or_o five_o person_n may_v join_v together_o by_o petition_n to_o the_o parliament_n and_o have_v one_o act_n for_o they_o all_o the_o form_n whereof_o be_v common_o as_o hereafter_o follow_v and_o here_o note_v that_o a_o merchant_n be_v in_o no_o danger_n if_o he_o be_v neither_o denizon_n nor_o naturalize_v but_o may_v deal_v traffic_n and_o negotiate_v at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o he_o may_v take_v no_o lease_n nor_o buy_v land_n in_o most_o humble_a manner_n beseech_v your_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n your_o humble_a and_o obedient_a orator_n i._n l._n of_o florence_n your_o majesty_n servant_n t._n m._n etc._n etc._n r._n b._n and_o m._n q._n that_o whereas_o the_o say_v i._o l._n the_o son_n of_o a._n l._n and_o l._n his_o wife_n stranger_n be_v bear_v at_o florence_n in_o italy_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o whereas_o etc._n etc._n and_o whereas_o m._n q._n be_v the_o son_n of_o m._n q._n and_o c._n his_o wife_n bear_v at_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o lawful_a matrimony_n and_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n these_o twenty_o year_n remain_v and_o make_v his_o abode_n in_o london_n within_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n during_o which_o time_n he_o have_v demean_v himself_o faithful_o and_o dutiful_o towards_o your_o highness_n and_o your_o law_n yet_o for_o that_o both_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o majesty_n orator_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n they_o can_v take_v benefit_n of_o your_o majesty_n law_n statute_n and_o custom_n of_o your_o highness_n realm_n of_o england_n as_o other_o your_o majesty_n subject_n bear_v within_o this_o realm_n to_o their_o great_a prejudice_n loss_n and_o hindrance_n it_o may_v therefore_o please_v your_o highness_n of_o your_o most_o noble_a and_o abundant_a grace_n that_o it_o may_v be_v ordain_v enact_v and_o establish_v by_o your_o highness_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o of_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o that_o your_o majesty_n most_o humble_a petitioner_n i._n l._n t._n m._n r._n b._n and_o m._n q._n and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v from_o henceforth_o be_v adjudge_v repute_v and_o take_v to_o be_v your_o highness_n natural_a subject_n and_o as_o person_n
appertain_v by_o the_o first_o of_o our_o officer_n or_o sergeant_n that_o shall_v be_v require_v who_o we_o enjoin_v to_o perform_v the_o same_o according_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o all_o those_o charge_n and_o extraordinary_a expense_n which_o merchant_n may_v be_v put_v unto_o in_o follow_v their_o suit_n against_o their_o factor_n and_o dealer_n before_o many_o judge_n may_v by_o these_o mean_n be_v utter_o avoid_v furthermore_o we_o have_v permit_v and_o do_v give_v authority_n to_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n etc._n half_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n to_o the_o prior_n etc._n etc._n that_o all_o such_o penalty_n of_o money_n as_o by_o they_o shall_v be_v inflict_v upon_o man_n for_o contempt_n or_o any_o other_o offence_n shall_v be_v forfeit_v the_o one_o half_a to_o we_o the_o other_o half_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o say_v common_a place_n or_o bourse_n of_o rouen_n to_o supply_v the_o want_n thereof_o allow_v they_o likewise_o absolute_a liberty_n and_o power_n to_o choose_v and_o constitute_v one_o councillor_n attorney_n a_o councillor_n and_o one_o attorney_n and_o one_o attorney_n who_o shall_v by_o all_o lawful_a mean_n labour_v the_o benefit_n and_o advancement_n of_o the_o say_a place_n and_o shall_v defend_v the_o same_o to_o direct_v their_o process_n and_o cause_n as_o well_o before_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n as_o before_o all_o other_o judge_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o merchant_n may_v assemble_v themselves_o as_o well_o to_o consult_v of_o their_o common_a affair_n as_o to_o constitute_v the_o say_a councillor_n and_o attorney_n without_o be_v subject_a to_o repair_v to_o we_o or_o to_o our_o judge_n for_o leave_v when_o need_n shall_v require_v therefore_o all_o such_o judgement_n as_o shall_v pass_v before_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n be_v seal_v with_o their_o seal_n and_o sign_v by_o a_o register_n by_o they_o appoint_v be_v it_o by_o imprisonment_n sale_n dispose_v of_o good_n or_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v hold_v for_o real_a and_o lawful_a be_v pass_v in_o manner_n aforesaid_a without_o any_o constraint_n to_o have_v our_o further_a commission_n or_o like_n even_o according_a as_o be_v permit_v by_o our_o most_o honourable_a our_o father_n the_o king_n unto_o the_o merchant_n of_o our_o city_n of_o lion_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n give_v in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n parliament_n appeal_v to_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1535_o reserve_v unto_o our_o say_a court_n of_o parliament_n at_o our_o say_a city_n of_o rouen_n for_o a_o last_o conclusion_n and_o by_o appeal_n the_o jurisdiction_n and_o knowledge_n of_o the_o say_a discord_n and_o difference_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o such_o appeal_n as_o shall_v proceed_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n that_o shall_v be_v give_v and_o declare_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n may_v be_v speedy_o and_o without_o delay_n end_v in_o our_o say_a court_n we_o have_v ordain_v and_o do_v ordain_v enjoin_v and_o command_v all_o our_o love_a and_o trusty_a precedent_n and_o councillor_n hold_v our_o say_a court_n of_o parliament_n to_o declare_v to_o the_o say_a merchant_n without_o delay_n one_o day_n in_o every_o week_n such_o as_o they_o shall_v think_v convenient_a to_o hear_v determine_v and_o dispatch_v the_o say_a appellation_n by_o order_n of_o roll_n for_o that_o purpose_n ordain_v expedition_n justice_n with_o all_o expedition_n and_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o process_n by_o writing_n there_o shall_v be_v one_o other_o roll_n make_v a_o part_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o say_v appeal_n may_v be_v end_v in_o the_o same_o day_n to_o avoid_v the_o prolong_n of_o suit_n to_o the_o ruin_n and_o consume_n of_o the_o suitor_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o say_a place_n of_o meeting_n of_o the_o merchant_n twice_o a_o day_n may_v be_v quiet_a and_o without_o disturbance_n our_o pleasure_n be_v and_o we_o do_v strait_o command_v that_o none_o of_o our_o sergeant_n and_o officer_n presume_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o same_o place_n etc._n no_o arrest_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o burse_n etc._n etc._n not_o to_o make_v any_o arrest_n for_o any_o cause_n of_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o during_o the_o time_n of_o those_o two_o accustom_a hour_n of_o meeting_n and_o if_o such_o arrest_n shall_v be_v make_v during_o the_o say_a hour_n we_o have_v declare_v heretofore_o and_o do_v declare_v at_o this_o present_a the_o same_o to_o be_v void_a and_o insufficient_a charge_v all_o our_o judge_n not_o to_o have_v any_o regard_n thereunto_o and_o as_o we_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o trade_n of_o assurance_n be_v of_o late_o great_o advance_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o say_a city_n of_o rouen_n a_o work_n so_o honourable_a that_o it_o do_v even_o beautify_v and_o great_o advance_v the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o the_o say_a city_n we_o to_o the_o end_n those_o say_a policy_n of_o assurance_n and_o all_o other_o writing_n thereunto_o belong_v may_v receive_v full_a vigour_n have_v permit_v and_o do_v permit_v that_o all_o merchant_n frequent_v the_o say_a place_n both_o now_o and_o hereafter_o to_o come_v to_o assemble_v themselves_o at_o all_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v needful_a to_o choose_v and_o nominate_v according_a to_o the_o most_o voice_n one_o merchant_n among_o they_o such_o a_o one_o as_o they_o shall_v think_v meet_a be_v a_o man_n trusty_a and_o expert_a in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o assurance_n who_o shall_v make_v and_o register_v the_o say_a policy_n assurance_n a_o register_n for_o assurance_n whereunto_o the_o assuror_n shall_v set_v their_o hand_n at_o all_o time_n hereafter_o in_o the_o say_a place_n and_o liberty_n of_o rouen_n when_o it_o shall_v please_v the_o merchant_n who_o office_n shall_v likewise_o be_v to_o draw_v forth_o account_v of_o such_o arrearage_n as_o shall_v happen_v be_v thereunto_o call_v receive_v for_o his_o pain_n and_o time_n spend_v about_o the_o business_n of_o the_o same_o assurance_n according_a as_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v meet_a by_o the_o say_a merchant_n and_o keep_v a_o perfect_a and_o true_a register_n of_o the_o same_o assurance_n to_o the_o which_o register_n and_o copies_n thereof_o and_o all_o other_o act_n and_o write_n by_o he_o make_v concern_v matter_n of_o assurance_n and_o by_o he_o sign_v we_o will_v and_o ordain_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o credit_n shall_v be_v thereunto_o give_v before_o all_o judge_n and_o other_o to_o who_o it_o shall_v appertain_v without_o that_o any_o other_o person_n or_o person_n shall_v have_v to_o do_v or_o meddle_v in_o the_o say_a business_n of_o assurance_n or_o any_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v unless_o he_o be_v before_o choose_v and_o admit_v thereunto_o by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n and_o by_o the_o say_a merchant_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o we_o do_v command_v and_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o all_o person_n hold_v our_o court_n of_o parliament_n great_a consell_n admiral_n vice-admirall_n steward_n and_o their_o deputy_n and_o to_o all_o other_o judge_n and_o officer_n who_o it_o shall_v concern_v that_o you_o do_v cause_n to_o be_v read_v proclaim_v and_o register_v this_o our_o present_a will_n declaration_n permission_n and_o ordinance_n and_o the_o same_o to_o be_v observe_v and_o keep_v by_o all_o they_o according_o that_o the_o merchant_n may_v use_v and_o enjoy_v the_o force_n and_o benefit_n thereof_o plain_o and_o peaceable_o without_o any_o contradiction_n moreover_o we_o do_v charge_n and_o command_v our_o attorney_n general_a that_o he_o do_v with_o all_o diligence_n cause_n all_o these_o thing_n to_o be_v plain_o and_o true_o execute_v and_o that_o he_o do_v certify_v we_o of_o his_o diligence_n so_o do_v for_o such_o be_v our_o pleasure_n for_o that_o of_o our_o mere_a motion_n and_o power_n we_o will_v have_v it_o do_v and_o that_o notwithstanding_o any_o ordinance_n custom_n statute_n privilege_n commandment_n defence_n or_o letter_n to_o the_o contrary_a the_o which_o in_o this_o cause_n without_o do_v prejudice_n to_o other_o cause_n we_o have_v make_v void_a and_o do_v make_v void_a and_o for_o that_o man_n shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o use_v this_o our_o grant_n in_o diverse_a place_n our_o pleasure_n be_v that_o credit_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o all_o such_o copy_n as_o shall_v be_v make_v by_o any_o our_o love_a and_o trusty_a notary_n and_o sergeant_n secretary_n or_o under_o in_o ample_a manner_n as_o to_o the_o original_n and_o to_o this_o effect_n we_o do_v give_v you_o full_a power_n authority_n and_o especial_a charge_n and_o commission_n by_o these_o present_n command_v all_o our_o justice_n officer_n and_o subject_n to_o obey_v you_o in_o this_o case_n and_o to_o the_o end_n this_o may_v remain_v establish_v for_o ever_o our_o own_o right_n in_o all_o other_o cause_v reserve_v we_o
king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n in_o the_o year_n 1328_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o flowerdeluce_n as_o good_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o be_v then_o worth_a but_o twenty_o sou_n tournois_n common_o account_v to_o be_v two_o shilling_n sterling_a in_o those_o day_n say_v he_o the_o french_a ell_n or_o yard_n of_o velvet_n be_v worth_a four_o liver_n which_o be_v four_o crown_n or_o eight_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o say_a ell_n of_o velvet_n do_v now_o cost_v ten_o liver_n or_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o french_a crown_n which_o be_v then_o value_v at_o two_o shilling_n be_v now_o value_v at_o fifty_o sou_n or_o five_o shilling_n so_o that_o four_o crown_n do_v make_v the_o say_v twenty_o shilling_n yet_o the_o say_a french_a crown_n do_v not_o contain_v more_o gold_n in_o weight_n or_o fineness_n than_o before_o and_o consequent_o the_o velvet_n be_v not_o now_o dear_a than_o it_o be_v then_o the_o gentleman_n that_o have_v now_o five_o hundred_o liver_n by_o the_o year_n to_o spend_v have_v no_o more_o than_o he_o that_o have_v one_o hundred_o liver_n to_o spend_v in_o those_o day_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n he_o proceed_v for_o corn_n wine_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o thereupon_o conclude_v that_o the_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v but_o imaginary_a and_o a_o vain_a opinion_n to_o conceive_v that_o thing_n shall_v be_v dear_a now_o than_o in_o those_o day_n the_o second_o paradox_n there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n or_o any_o other_o money_n although_o the_o same_o be_v give_v in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n it_o be_v receive_v this_o say_v monsieur_n malestroit_n be_v a_o old_a and_o common_a error_n root_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o most_o man_n that_o be_v far_o from_o the_o mark_n and_o without_o their_o reckon_n as_o he_o will_v manifest_v in_o the_o former_a term_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a time_n of_o king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n the_o french_a crown_n aforesaid_a be_v worth_a but_o twenty_o sou_n which_o be_v now_o currant_n for_o fifty_o sou_n the_o gentleman_n that_o have_v fifty_o sou_n rend_v or_o income_n do_v receive_v for_o it_o two_o crown_n and_o ahalfe_n or_o so_o much_o in_o silver_n according_o for_o which_o two_o crown_n and_o a_o half_a he_o have_v half_o a_o yard_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o velvet_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o four_o liver_n the_o yard_n which_o be_v the_o price_n of_o velvet_n then_o now_o for_o this_o fifty_o sou_n the_o gentleman_n do_v receive_v but_o one_o crown_n or_o so_o much_o of_o silver_n money_n and_o for_o that_o one_o crown_n now_o he_o can_v buy_v but_o one_o quarter_n of_o a_o yard_n of_o velvet_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o liver_n that_o velvet_n be_v now_o worth_a whereas_o before_o he_o have_v half_o a_o yard_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n although_o he_o have_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n for_o fifty_o sol_n which_o be_v the_o price_n for_o which_o he_o receive_v the_o say_a crown_n and_o so_o proceed_v with_o other_o the_o like_a example_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o commodity_n with_o silver_n coin_n or_o in_o the_o receive_n of_o rent_n or_o income_n add_v further_o thereunto_o that_o if_o any_o man_n will_v object_v and_o say_v i_o care_v not_o what_o the_o crown_n liver_n or_o sou_n be_v worth_a so_o as_o i_o have_v a_o hundred_o liver_n of_o rent_n pay_v i_o and_o that_o i_o can_v pay_v out_o again_o the_o say_v hundred_o liver_n this_o man_n say_v he_o must_v then_o make_v proof_n that_o he_o can_v have_v now_o as_o much_o ware_n for_o two_o sou_n as_o he_o can_v have_v have_v in_o time_n pass_v for_o two_o sou_n which_o be_v of_o fine_a silver_n and_o now_o almost_o of_o copper_n and_o in_o do_v so_o he_o shall_v make_v a_o three_o paradox_n more_o strange_a than_o the_o former_a for_o he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o prove_v every_o thing_n to_o be_v become_v better_a cheap_a which_o can_v be_v prove_v the_o substance_n and_o intention_n of_o these_o two_o paradox_n be_v say_v he_o to_o show_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n do_v buy_v all_o thing_n as_o dear_a as_o in_o time_n past_a for_o that_o they_o must_v give_v as_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o in_o time_n past_a but_o by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n from_o whence_o of_o necessity_n proceed_v the_o abate_n of_o the_o silver_n money_n they_o inhaunce_v of_o gold_n abate_v the_o silver_n in_o regard_n of_o proportion_n between_o they_o the_o king_n do_v not_o receive_v in_o payment_n of_o his_o revenue_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o his_o predecessor_n in_o like_a manner_n noblemen_z and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v great_a revenue_n and_o incombe_n do_v not_o receive_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o in_o time_n past_a but_o be_v pay_v as_o the_o king_n be_v in_o copper_n in_o lieu_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o which_o copper_n according_a to_o the_o second_o paradox_n they_o can_v have_v so_o much_o ware_n as_o they_o may_v have_v for_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n so_o that_o the_o loss_n which_o we_o have_v by_o the_o grow_a dear_a of_o all_o thing_n come_v not_o by_o give_v more_o but_o by_o receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o before_o whereby_o we_o see_v manifest_o that_o the_o more_o we_o do_v enhance_v the_o price_n of_o money_n the_o more_o we_o lose_v mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n the_o famous_a and_o learned_a politician_n politician_n the_o great_a french_a politician_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v a_o answer_n unto_o those_o two_o paradox_n be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o set_v down_o other_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v five_o in_o number_n namely_o 1_o the_o principal_a and_o almost_o only_a cause_n the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o extant_a in_o the_o kingdom_n more_o than_o in_o time_n past_a 2_o the_o monopoly_n 3_o the_o want_n of_o thing_n cause_v by_o excessive_a trade_n and_o waste_v thereof_o 4_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n that_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n 5_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n to_o prove_v the_o first_o case_n and_o principal_a he_o allege_v diverse_a example_n plutarch_n and_o pliny_n do_v witness_n wealth_n example_n of_o great_a wealth_n that_o paulus_n aemilius_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o macedon_n against_o the_o persian_n do_v bring_v such_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o rome_n that_o the_o people_n be_v free_v of_o all_o impost_n and_o the_o price_n of_o land_n advance_v unto_o two_o three_o part_n sudden_o the_o emperor_n augustus_n bring_v such_o great_a treasure_n from_o egypt_n that_o the_o price_n of_o usury_n do_v decrease_v and_o land_n become_v much_o dear_a and_o the_o like_a at_o jerusalem_n by_o the_o come_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o candace_n and_o in_o the_o west_n indies_n by_o the_o spaniard_n conquest_n there_o and_o hereunto_o he_o make_v a_o comparison_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o time_n past_a etc._n the_o french_a king_n john_n in_o england_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o ransom_n of_o prince_n take_v prisoner_n in_o those_o day_n and_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o wealth_n by_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n the_o propagation_n of_o the_o people_n in_o france_n their_o trade_n for_o turkey_n and_o barbary_n their_o bank_n at_o lion_n and_o other_o accident_n concern_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o monopoly_n he_o do_v pass_v over_o the_o same_o as_o a_o matter_n not_o considerable_a and_o do_v limit_v monopoly_n only_o to_o the_o combination_n of_o merchant_n and_o artificer_n in_o the_o set_n of_o a_o price_n to_o commodity_n or_o their_o handy_a work_n by_o augment_v their_o wage_n touch_v the_o three_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o the_o want_n or_o waste_v of_o they_o he_o observe_v some_o especial_a thing_n that_o corn_n and_o wine_n be_v better_a cheap_a during_o the_o time_n of_o war_n than_o peace_n because_o the_o husbandman_n be_v drive_v to_o sell_v and_o to_o make_v money_n of_o his_o ware_n and_o the_o gentleman_n find_v the_o same_o perishable_a when_o the_o merchant_n dare_v not_o lade_v his_o ship_n do_v abate_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o make_v the_o people_n to_o live_v good_a cheap_a which_o according_a to_o the_o proverb_n france_n can_v never_o be_v famish_v will_v always_o continue_v france_n the_o fertility_n of_o france_n if_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o stranger_n their_o storehouse_n be_v not_o empty_v concern_v the_o four_o cause_n of_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n impose_v a_o price_n upon_o commodity_n
occasion_n and_o be_v not_o altogether_o make_v in_o the_o first_o foundation_n as_o the_o law_n whereby_o the_o commonweal_n of_o israel_n who_o law_n be_v uniform_o make_v by_o moses_n from_o god_n or_o those_o of_o crete_n cybaris_n sparta_n &_o carthage_n by_o minos_n charondas_n lycurgus_n and_o phalcas_n nevertheless_o many_o emperor_n and_o king_n have_v always_o refer_v the_o end_n of_o difference_n which_o happen_v between_o merchant_n to_o be_v do_v &_o decide_v according_a to_o the_o law-merchant_n that_o be_v to_o say_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n who_o by_o their_o travel_n find_v the_o diversity_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n and_o the_o goodness_n and_o use_n of_o commodity_n please_v to_o all_o nation_n whereby_o the_o superfluity_n of_o they_o be_v vent_v among_o they_o ut_fw-la quod_fw-la uspiam_fw-la nascitur_fw-la boni_fw-la id_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la affluat_fw-la this_o law_n of_o merchant_n or_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la in_o the_o fundamental_o of_o it_o deâ—epub_fw-la definition_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n deâ—epub_fw-la be_v nothing_o else_o but_o as_o cicero_n define_v true_a and_o just_a law_n recta_fw-la ratio_fw-la naturae_fw-la congruens_fw-la diffusa_fw-la in_o omnes_fw-la constans_n sempiterna_fw-la true_a law_n be_v right_a reason_n agreeable_a to_o nature_n in_o all_o point_n diffuse_v and_o spread_v in_o all_o nation_n consist_v perpetual_o without_o abrogation_n gentium_fw-la ius_n gentium_fw-la howbeit_o some_o do_v attribute_v this_o definition_n unto_o ius_fw-la gentium_fw-la or_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o consist_v of_o custom_n manner_n and_o prescription_n of_o all_o nation_n be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n and_o observe_v by_o they_o as_o a_o law_n but_o the_o matter_n be_v true_o examine_v we_o shall_v find_v it_o more_o natural_o and_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o law-merchant_n every_o man_n know_v that_o for_o manner_n and_o prescription_n there_o be_v great_a diversity_n among_o all_o nation_n but_o for_o the_o custom_n observe_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n there_o be_v that_o sympathy_n concordance_n and_o agreement_n which_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n diffuse_v and_o spread_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o instinct_n of_o nature_n consist_v perpetual_o and_o these_o custom_n be_v proper_o those_o observation_n which_o merchant_n maintain_v between_o themselves_o and_o if_o these_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o say_a law_n will_v consist_v but_o of_o few_o point_n nation_n prerogative_n of_o prince_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n prince_n and_o potentate_n by_o their_o prerogative_n respect_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v permit_v among_o themselves_o a_o free_a travel_n by_o land_n through_o their_o several_a kingdom_n territory_n and_o dominion_n unless_o they_o be_v open_a enemy_n they_o hold_v likewise_o a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o navigation_n as_o also_o a_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v to_o the_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o their_o country_n they_o take_v custom_n subsidy_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o imposition_n upon_o the_o commodity_n import_v and_o export_v out_o of_o their_o harbour_n haven_n and_o port_n as_o also_o duty_n for_o the_o fish_n in_o their_o sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n of_o all_o which_o the_o merchant_n be_v to_o take_v especial_a notice_n to_o avoid_v danger_n in_o the_o traffic_n and_o trade_n with_o their_o subject_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o same_o which_o they_o claim_v jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la be_v not_o the_o sea_n law_n establi_v to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n and_o difference_n happen_v between_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n and_o be_v it_o not_o convenient_a for_o merchant_n to_o know_v they_o consider_v that_o merchant_n maintain_v the_o fisherman_n and_o by_o way_n of_o trade_n cause_v the_o sea_n and_o land_n commodity_n to_o be_v disperse_v every_o where_o so_o that_o the_o say_v prerogaty_n do_v also_o appertain_v to_o the_o law-merchant_n as_o proper_o inherent_a unto_o commerce_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o merchant_n be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n and_o nation_n concern_v manner_n and_o prescription_n nation_n manner_n and_o prescription_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n wherein_o the_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v note_v from_o the_o law-merchant_n the_o same_o consist_v in_o the_o erect_n of_o office_n create_v of_o officer_n and_o make_v of_o law_n which_o of_o themselves_o make_v a_o separation_n between_o custom_n also_o the_o give_v or_o bestow_v of_o honour_n and_o dignity_n the_o grant_n of_o privilege_n and_o the_o do_v of_o any_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o honour_n body_n and_o good_n of_o any_o man_n whereunto_o all_o thing_n touch_v man_n have_v a_o reference_n and_o do_v mere_o belong_v to_o the_o pre-eminence_n of_o prince_n in_o their_o place_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o herein_o let_v we_o observe_v the_o difference_n between_o law_n and_o custom_n according_a to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o say_v worthy_a author_n cicero_n custom_n difference_n between_o law_n and_o custom_n a_o custom_n say_v he_o take_v her_o strength_n by_o little_a and_o little_a in_o progress_n of_o time_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n or_o of_o the_o most_o part_n but_o the_o law_n come_v forth_o in_o a_o moment_n and_o take_v her_o strength_n from_o he_o that_o have_v power_n to_o command_v custom_n do_v take_v place_n gentle_o but_o the_o law_n command_v with_o a_o power_n sudden_o true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o law_n may_v abolish_v custom_n but_o custom_n can_v derogate_v from_o the_o law_n because_o magistrate_n will_v see_v they_o execute_v at_o all_o time_n custom_n have_v their_o strength_n by_o sufferance_n but_o the_o law_n command_v by_o absolute_a authority_n of_o a_o prince_n and_o yet_o custom_n be_v of_o no_o less_o power_n than_o a_o law_n and_o the_o difference_n consist_v most_o in_o the_o manner_n lex_fw-la est_fw-la cvi_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la decet_fw-la obedire_fw-la propter_fw-la multa_fw-la &_o varia_fw-la &_o maxim_n quia_fw-la omnis_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la inventio_fw-la quaedam_fw-la &_o donum_fw-la dei._n all_o man_n ought_v to_o obey_v the_o law_n which_o be_v many_o and_o diverse_a and_o chief_o because_o all_o law_n be_v as_o be_v it_o be_v a_o invention_n and_o a_o gift_n of_o god_n so_o much_o yea_o more_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n because_o of_o their_o continuance_n and_o antiquity_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o for_o that_o the_o say_v customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n have_v a_o peculiar_a prerogative_n above_o all_o other_o custom_n custom_n the_o prerogative_n of_o merchant_n custom_n above_o all_o other_o custom_n for_o that_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o place_n whereas_o the_o custom_n of_o one_o place_n do_v not_o extend_v in_o other_o place_n 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alciatus_fw-la budeus_n alexander_n perusius_n pomponius_n incolaus_fw-la boertius_fw-la azo_n celsus_n rusinus_n mansilius_fw-la
call_v a_o month_n other_o have_v use_v and_o some_o yet_o do_v use_n the_o year_n of_o the_o moon_n divide_v in_o 12_o month_n every_o new_a moon_n or_o course_n respect_v and_o this_o year_n consist_v of_o 354_o day_n 8_o hour_n 48_o minute_n 43_o second_n and_z 12_o tierce_v to_o which_o there_o be_v add_v 11_o day_n call_v aepacta_n incaperint_fw-la the_o epact_n of_o 11_o day_n add_v quaere_fw-la tamen_fw-la quando_fw-la incaperint_fw-la as_o adjoin_v day_n which_o make_v the_o year_n to_o be_v 365_o day_n and_o about_o six_o hour_n as_o aforesaid_a which_o be_v use_v before_o the_o flood_n by_o jew_n greek_n and_o be_v yet_o at_o this_o day_n use_v by_o the_o mahometan_n arabian_n and_o those_o of_o fea_z and_o morocco_n and_o other_o place_n the_o babylonian_n egyptian_n and_o assyrian_n have_v also_o observe_v 365_o day_n for_o the_o year_n february_n one_o wholeday_n add_v every_o four_o year_n in_o february_n but_o they_o do_v not_o add_v every_o four_o year_n one_o day_n 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and_o continue_v for_o ever_o day_n dieurs_fw-fr beginning_n of_o the_o day_n the_o day_n do_v also_o begin_v diverse_o the_o astrologian_n or_o astronomer_n begin_v the_o same_o from_o one_o midday_n or_o noon_n until_o the_o next_o be_v 24_o hour_n by_o the_o clock_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o their_o almanac_n they_o do_v set_v down_o always_o the_o place_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v so_o many_o degree_n at_o noon_n howbeit_o we_o reckon_v 12_o hour_n france_n spain_n and_o other_o place_n the_o venetian_n and_o most_o town_n of_o italy_n the_o bohemian_o athenian_n egyptian_n some_o jew_n and_o grecian_n poland_n and_o silesia_n from_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n until_o the_o next_o set_v 24_o hour_n babylonian_n persian_n chaldean_n some_o hebrew_n and_o greek_n old_a roman_n and_o they_o of_o wirtenborough_n and_o norenborough_n from_o one_o rise_v of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o other_o 24_o hour_n ides_n calends_n nones_n and_o ides_n the_o day_n of_o the_o month_n be_v also_o note_v by_o calends_n nones_n and_o ides_n the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o month_n be_v calend_n so_o call_v of_o vocato_fw-la populo_fw-la declare_v how_o many_o day_n it_o be_v to_o the_o nonas_fw-la that_o all_o the_o people_n be_v to_o assemble_v in_o the_o city_n to_o know_v what_o be_v command_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o temporal_a and_o spiritual_a law_n as_o be_v nove_n obseruationis_fw-la initium_fw-la or_o nono_fw-la as_o the_o nine_o day_n from_o idus_fw-la the_o tuscans_n heretofore_o do_v homage_n to_o their_o king_n that_o day_n and_o then_o it_o be_v common_o new_a moon_n and_o idus_fw-la be_v the_o full_a moon_n upon_o the_o moon_n month_n be_v march_n may_n july_n and_o october_n be_v of_o 31_o day_n which_o have_v six_o nonas_fw-la whereas_o the_o other_o 8_o month_n have_v but_o 4_o nonas_fw-la and_o every_o month_n 8_o idus_fw-la romana_fw-la indictio_fw-la romana_fw-la indictio_fw-la romana_fw-la whereby_o many_o history_n account_v their_o year_n be_v institute_v when_o the_o roman_n have_v dominion_n over_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n because_o upon_o every_o lustrum_fw-la which_o be_v every_o five_o year_n every_o one_o be_v to_o pay_v tribute_n unto_o they_o the_o first_o year_n they_o do_v bring_v gold_n the_o second_o silver_n the_o three_o year_n iron_n for_o munition_n and_o armour_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o space_n of_o 15_o year_n begin_v from_o the_o 25_o of_o september_n and_o at_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n it_o be_v indictio_fw-la 3_o and_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o year_n of_o 1620_o to_o be_v also_o indictio_fw-la 3_o according_a to_o which_o observation_n the_o calculation_n of_o some_o historical_a year_n be_v make_v that_o the_o roman_a calendar_n may_v easy_o be_v reform_v without_o the_o
and_o weal_n public_a hereupon_o replication_n be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n fault_n be_v find_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n within_o his_o realm_n without_o any_o scarcity_n of_o the_o say_a thing_n serve_v for_o the_o back_n and_o belly_n which_o we_o do_v attribute_n unto_o you_o husbandman_n say_v the_o king_n dearâ—h_n food_n dear_a and_o no_o dearâ—h_n for_o food_n be_v dear_a and_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o dearth_n the_o husbandman_n do_v excuse_v themselves_o and_o lay_v the_o fault_n upon_o the_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n for_o raise_v of_o their_o rent_n take_v of_o farm_n into_o their_o hand_n and_o make_v of_o enclosure_n nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n do_v impose_v the_o cause_n upon_o merchant_n and_o artificer_n for_o sell_v thing_n dear_a than_o in_o time_n past_a which_o cause_v every_o man_n to_o make_v the_o most_o of_o his_o own_o according_a to_o his_o profession_n wherein_o the_o artificer_n be_v easy_o dispense_v withal_o consider_v their_o 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exchange_n to_o be_v a_o mystery_n until_o examination_n of_o the_o property_n thereof_o and_o then_o like_o good_a patriot_n they_o take_v a_o care_n for_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o first_o sort_n he_o do_v not_o regard_v because_o of_o their_o ignorance_n the_o socond_a sort_n he_o do_v compare_v unto_o vintner_n law_n offender_n unfit_a to_o make_v law_n who_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v call_v to_o be_v assistant_n in_o make_v of_o law_n against_o drunkenness_n and_o so_o reject_v they_o but_o the_o three_o sort_n he_o do_v embrace_v as_o worthy_a counsellor_n to_o reform_v abuse_n and_o some_o of_o these_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o base_a money_n coin_a in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 8_o all_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v sell_v dear_a which_o make_v afterward_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o rise_v at_o the_o farmer_n and_o tenant_n hand_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v make_v dear_a through_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n thing_n enhance_a of_o silver_n alter_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n which_o come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o especial_o because_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v enhance_v by_o the_o say_a king_n from_o forty_o penny_n to_o forty_o five_o penny_n and_o afterward_o in_o process_n of_o time_n be_v value_v at_o threescore_o penny_n and_o that_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o say_a alteration_n do_v still_o continue_v other_o say_v that_o the_o prize_n of_o thing_n be_v rise_v be_v of_o no_o great_a moment_n because_o it_o be_v by_o denomination_n and_o not_o real_o for_o that_o which_o be_v call_v forty_o before_o be_v now_o term_v threescore_o according_a to_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n value_v by_o the_o ounce_n as_o aforesaid_a but_o the_o wise_a sort_n do_v go_v further_o and_o compare_v the_o prize_n rise_v of_o foreign_a commodity_n far_o more_o than_o the_o prize_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n they_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v a_o overbalancing_a of_o commodity_n and_o find_v that_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n thereof_o for_o they_o do_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o element_n be_v join_v by_o symbolisation_n the_o air_n to_o the_o fire_n by_o warmness_n the_o water_n to_o the_o air_n by_o moisture_n the_o earth_n to_o the_o water_n by_o coldness_n so_o be_v exchange_n join_v to_o money_n and_o money_n to_o commodity_n by_o their_o proper_a quality_n and_o effect_n whereby_o it_o do_v appear_v unto_o they_o first_o that_o our_o money_n be_v undervalue_v in_o exchange_n cause_v the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n to_o be_v abate_v and_o to_o be_v sell_v better_o cheap_a in_o foreign_a part_n and_o be_v also_o the_o cause_n that_o our_o money_n be_v export_v second_o the_o money_n be_v transport_v take_v away_o the_o lively_a course_n of_o traffic_n of_o our_o say_a commodity_n and_o cause_v young_a merchant_n to_o run_v by_o exchange_n upon_o bill_n to_o maintain_v their_o trade_n pay_v great_a interest_n for_o money_n which_o they_o can_v take_v up_o by_o their_o single_a bond_n as_o they_o can_v do_v by_o bill_n take_v up_o the_o same_o by_o exchange_n without_o surety_n three_o this_o cause_v young_a merchant_n and_o other_o to_o make_v rash_a sale_n of_o their_o commodity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o pay_v their_o bill_n of_o exchange_n whereby_o they_o overthrow_v the_o market_n of_o other_o anâ—_n make_v they_o sell_v better_a cheap_a so_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o coin_n be_v overvalue_v in_o exchange_n and_o also_o enhance_v beyond_o the_o sea_n cause_v the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o increase_v more_o than_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o our_o merchant_n be_v compel_v of_o course_n to_o make_v return_n thereby_o because_o they_o can_v import_v those_o overvalued_n money_n but_o to_o their_o exceed_a great_a loss_n and_o by_o exchange_n they_o find_v few_o taker_n unless_o it_o be_v our_o 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and_o all_o other_o who_o do_v divert_v the_o royal_n of_o spain_n from_o we_o because_o of_o the_o enhance_a of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o they_o have_v 25_o upon_o the_o hundred_o gain_n when_o with_o we_o they_o make_v but_o 10_o ê‘_n cent_n this_o gain_n be_v practise_v by_o exchange_n and_o will_v otherwise_o be_v but_o imaginary_a as_o shall_v be_v declare_v hereafter_o whereby_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o say_a exchange_n be_v still_o predominant_a and_o overrule_a the_o money_n and_o commodity_n chap._n vi_o a_o geometrical_a description_n of_o the_o world_n especial_o of_o europe_n measure_v by_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n upon_o the_o map_n the_o measure_n be_v one_o million_o or_o ten_o hundred_o thousand_o acre_n the_o circumference_n of_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o world_n compose_v of_o water_n and_o earth_n be_v account_v to_o be_v
principal_a and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o pay_v than_o the_o surety_n be_v to_o pay_v it_o without_o any_o course_n of_o law_n unless_o he_o be_v order_v by_o the_o court_n of_o merchant_n to_o perform_v the_o same_o because_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v also_o the_o soon_o recover_v the_o same_o of_o the_o principal_a for_o who_o he_o do_v give_v his_o promise_n it_o be_v also_o a_o custom_n among_o merchant_n that_o if_o a_o merchant_n be_v indebt_v unto_o another_o and_o thereupon_o intreat_v another_o merchant_n to_o desire_v the_o creditor_n to_o respite_n he_o some_o time_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o it_o if_o then_o the_o say_a merchant_n the_o debtor_n do_v not_o pay_v according_o at_o the_o time_n he_o shall_v be_v take_v pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la and_o sentence_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o the_o merchant_n court_n for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o only_o upon_o proof_n make_v that_o he_o do_v will_n another_o to_o crave_v the_o say_a respite_n of_o time_n for_o the_o payment_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n by_o trial_n of_o jury_n of_o 12_o man_n upon_o proof_n make_v by_o evidence_n produce_v before_o they_o that_o the_o debtor_n do_v crave_v day_n of_o payment_n so_o that_o they_o will_v thereupon_o deliver_v their_o verdict_n and_o judgement_n and_o execution_n may_v be_v of_o course_n have_v for_o the_o same_o but_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v not_o conditional_a then_o be_v he_o a_o absolute_a surety_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o according_o as_o merchant_n of_o credit_n always_o have_v do_v unaware_o to_o become_v a_o surety_n unaware_o a_o merchant_n may_v also_o be_v come_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o surety_n unaware_o or_o unknown_a unto_o he_o as_o befall_v unto_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o not_o may_o year_n since_o at_o frankford_n in_o germany_n who_o during_o the_o mart_n or_o fair_a go_v into_o a_o merchant_n warehouse_n to_o confer_v of_o some_o business_n with_o he_o where_o he_o find_v another_o merchant_n of_o his_o acquaintance_n to_o cheapen_v some_o parcel_n of_o silk_n ware_n with_o the_o say_v other_o merchant_n to_o who_o this_o man_n as_o it_o seem_v be_v unknown_a whereupon_o the_o seller_n of_o the_o say_a silk_n ware_n take_v occasion_n to_o ask_v my_o friend_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o good_a man_n and_o of_o credit_n and_o he_o answer_v he_o be_v so_o the_o bargain_n be_v make_v and_o good_n be_v deliver_v unto_o the_o say_a merchant_n the_o buyer_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 460_o will_v for_o the_o which_o he_o make_v a_o bill_n obligatorie_n payable_a the_o next_o fair_a follow_v at_o which_o fair_a the_o party_n not_o appear_v demand_n be_v make_v of_o my_o friend_n to_o make_v payment_n of_o the_o say_v 460_o will_v because_o the_o party_n be_v absent_a and_o withal_o some_o doubt_n be_v make_v of_o his_o sufficiency_n my_o friend_n have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o remember_v that_o any_o such_o question_n be_v demand_v of_o he_o but_o the_o party_n do_v put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o it_o by_o circumstance_n and_o will_v be_v pay_v of_o he_o he_o in_o defence_n do_v allege_v it_o to_o be_v nudum_fw-la pactum_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la oritur_fw-la actio_fw-la and_o so_o not_o bind_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o as_o have_v have_v no_o consideration_n for_o it_o the_o opinion_n of_o merchant_n be_v demand_v wherein_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n so_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v to_o determine_v the_o same_o and_o by_o the_o say_a law_n according_a to_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la consilij_fw-la he_o be_v adjudge_v to_o pay_v the_o say_v 460_o will_v and_o to_o have_v the_o debtor_n bill_n obligatorie_n make_v over_o unto_o he_o etc._n a_o caveat_n for_o merchant_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o he_o can_v never_o recover_v one_o penny_n although_o he_o do_v pay_v the_o whole_a debt_n and_o damage_n for_o the_o party_n become_v insoluent_a this_o may_v be_v a_o good_a caveat_n for_o merchant_n and_o all_o man_n for_o if_o he_o have_v say_v he_o be_v 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kind_n of_o revolution_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n because_o the_o commodity_n of_o one_o country_n grow_v rank_a and_o abundant_a be_v transport_v into_o other_o country_n in_o who_o steed_n needful_a commodity_n of_o those_o kingdom_n and_o country_n and_o return_v thither_o which_o be_v a_o neighbourly_a lend_n between_o kingdom_n and_o country_n for_o as_o be_v note_v god_n cause_v nature_n to_o distribute_v her_o benefit_n or_o his_o blessing_n to_o several_a climate_n of_o diverse_a thing_n find_v in_o some_o place_n that_o be_v not_o in_o other_o place_n to_o make_v a_o interchangeable_a course_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n by_o way_n of_o merchandize_v this_o revolution_n of_o trade_n sell_v sundry_a mean_n for_o buy_v and_o sell_v may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o several_a mean_n whereby_o the_o say_v buy_v and_o sell_v be_v effect_v 1_o the_o first_o be_v buy_v with_o ready_a money_n money_n for_o ready_a money_n which_o be_v common_o the_o best_a and_o with_o most_o advantage_n for_o commodity_n be_v sell_v better_o cheap_a wherein_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o goodness_n and_o necessary_a use_n be_v requisite_a 2_o there_o be_v also_o a_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n time_n for_o ready_a money_n and_o paiable_a at_o time_n paiable_a at_o some_o limit_v time_n or_o time_n of_o payment_n or_o partly_o ready_a money_n and_o partly_o at_o time_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o price_n herein_o be_v common_o above_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o rate_n of_o money_n at_o interest_n be_v in_o the_o place_n of_o commerce_n where_o the_o say_v commodity_n be_v sell_v or_o buy_v and_o according_a to_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n extant_a unless_o the_o superaboundance_n of_o commodity_n do_v alter_v the_o same_o especial_o if_o the_o commodity_n be_v perishable_a by_o corruption_n time_n and_o accident_n so_o that_o the_o condition_n quality_n or_o goodness_n of_o the_o commodity_n be_v much_o to_o be_v respect_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o when_o commodity_n do_v abound_v at_o the_o first_o and_o the_o wealth_n of_o man_n be_v describe_v by_o cattle_n and_o the_o like_a perishable_a thing_n all_o kind_n of_o metal_n as_o be_v durable_a be_v most_o esteem_v and_o the_o pure_a mettle_n take_v to_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v money_n of_o as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v ample_o declare_v in_o our_o second_n part._n exchange_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 3_o there_o be_v another_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o buyer_n give_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n or_o many_o bill_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o exchange_n in_o another_o place_n as_o for_o example_n one_o buy_v five_o hundred_o
of_o debt_n herein_o we_o may_v consider_v a_o necessity_n to_o give_v blank_n not_o only_o because_o of_o the_o master_n credit_v requisite_a but_o also_o because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o find_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v to_o be_v buy_v chap._n xv._o of_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o procuration_n and_o transport_v or_o conveyance_n etc._n a_o definition_n of_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n etc._n etc._n a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v a_o act_n public_o do_v before_o a_o notary_n or_o scrivener_n whereby_o one_o man_n give_v power_n and_o authority_n of_o himself_o unto_o another_o man_n by_o way_n of_o deputation_n to_o do_v execute_v and_o perform_v for_o he_o any_o lawful_a thing_n which_o he_o himself_o be_v the_o constituant_fw-la might_n or_o may_v aswell_o present_a as_o absent_a do_v conclude_v and_o determine_v in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o politic_a with_o power_n also_o to_o substitute_n one_o or_o more_o person_n to_o do_v the_o same_o under_o he_o in_o the_o say_v first_o constituant_n name_n and_o to_o swear_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o he_o if_o cause_n so_o require_v albeit_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o attorney_n do_v differ_v in_o the_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o substance_n which_o must_v be_v observe_v they_o be_v call_v beyond_o the_o sea_n procuration_n to_o procure_v or_o effect_v that_o which_o a_o man_n will_v have_v common_o in_o a_o other_o place_n and_o in_o matter_n of_o authority_n for_o law_n cause_n they_o go_v one_o degree_n further_o than_o letter_n of_o credit_n because_o the_o law_n do_v require_v the_o same_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o authority_n or_o power_n of_o the_o party_n constitute_v may_v public_o appear_v wherein_o a_o letter_n missive_a be_v not_o sufficient_a as_o the_o same_o be_v in_o thing_n concern_v the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o negotiation_n and_o deal_n between_o merchant_n which_o by_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v of_o great_a validity_n procuration_n general_o or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n contain_v the_o word_n irrevocable_a irrevocable_a pâ—ocurations_n irrevocable_a imply_v that_o power_n give_v shall_v endure_v for_o ever_o and_o so_o it_o be_v take_v beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o word_n be_v use_v pro_fw-la forma_fw-la and_o a_o procuration_n or_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v revocable_a at_o all_o time_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o attorney_n do_v contain_v a_o transport_v of_o some_o thing_n which_o be_v convey_v thereby_o as_o if_o a_o man_n do_v constitute_v another_o for_o the_o recouver_n of_o certain_a money_n for_o the_o party_n own_o proper_a use_n without_o account_n to_o be_v render_v for_o the_o same_o and_o the_o say_a party_n have_v recover_v the_o say_a money_n by_o virtue_n of_o it_o this_o letter_n of_o attorney_n can_v be_v revoke_v to_o any_o purpose_n the_o effect_n be_v full_o perform_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o so_o beyond_o the_o sea_n if_o you_o make_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o a_o procurator_n in_o law_n to_o follow_v a_o cause_n for_o you_o in_o law_n although_o the_o same_o be_v make_v irrevocable_a yet_o upon_o good_a cause_n you_o may_v revoke_v the_o same_o and_o appoint_v another_o to_o follow_v the_o cause_n but_o it_o be_v common_o do_v with_o leave_n of_o the_o court_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v consist_v or_o depend_v and_o because_o the_o intimation_n and_o citation_n be_v to_o be_v do_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o cause_n may_v require_v the_o nomination_n of_o some_o place_n as_o it_o be_v to_o choose_v a_o domicilium_fw-la must_v be_v do_v power_n procuration_n with_o a_o limit_a power_n but_o the_o power_n may_v be_v limit_v a_o attorney_n may_v have_v authority_n to_o convict_v a_o man_n by_o law_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o money_n or_o good_n and_o to_o proceed_v to_o execution_n by_o imprison_v of_o the_o debtor_n yet_o he_o shall_v have_v no_o power_n to_o release_v he_o out_o of_o prison_n without_o further_a authority_n so_o in_o the_o receive_n of_o good_n or_o money_n wherein_o every_o man_n be_v to_o use_v his_o discretion_n as_o the_o cause_n may_v require_v a_o merchant_n may_v also_o make_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o a_o notary_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o thereby_o to_o give_v he_o power_n to_o make_v any_o insinuation_n or_o intimation_n or_o protest_v against_o any_o other_o merchant_n there_o to_o serve_v he_o in_o all_o occasion_n or_o occurrence_n concern_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n for_o a_o procuration_n be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n of_o that_o validity_n that_o the_o party_n who_o have_v the_o same_o and_o be_v the_o procurator_n be_v take_v in_o law_n as_o absolute_a as_o the_o constituant_fw-la and_o many_o sundry_a proceed_n may_v be_v use_v against_o he_o according_o by_o citation_n intimation_n protest_v recovery_n of_o good_n deliver_v former_o and_o recall_v back_o again_o or_o the_o value_n thereof_o upon_o any_o attachment_n or_o sequestration_n which_o can_v be_v do_v against_o a_o man_n factor_n or_o servant_n procurator_n a_o caveat_n for_o procurator_n therefore_o they_o that_o have_v procuration_n be_v to_o be_v careful_a of_o the_o dispossess_v of_o themselves_o of_o any_o good_n or_o money_n receive_v to_o be_v clear_v by_o the_o law_n which_o happen_v common_o of_o good_n take_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o sequester_v in_o any_o harbour_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o procuration_n the_o civilians_n entreat_v of_o procuration_n or_o constitution_n under_o titulas_fw-la mandati_fw-la have_v well_o observe_v mandata_fw-la the_o original_n of_o mandata_fw-la that_o commandment_n have_v their_o original_n from_o friendship_n or_o out_o of_o authority_n of_o office_n and_o place_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v diligent_o to_o be_v execute_v and_o keep_v and_o hereupon_o they_o have_v also_o note_v diverse_a question_n and_o proposition_n nos_fw-la igitur_fw-la pauca_fw-la tractabimus_fw-la adrem_fw-la de_fw-la qua_fw-la agitur_fw-la pertinentia_fw-la a.b._n will_v c.d._n his_o debtor_n to_o pay_v unto_o e._n â—_o one_o hundred_o pound_n which_o he_o do_v owe_v he_o c.d._n do_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a money_n but_o promise_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o queritur_fw-la whether_o c.d._n have_v perform_v the_o commission_n or_o commandment_n give_v he_o and_o whether_o he_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o debt_n as_o also_o whether_o this_o order_n or_o commission_n can_v be_v revoke_v a.b._n owe_v the_o like_a sum_n to_o e.f._n herein_o c.d._n have_v not_o perform_v his_o commission_n which_o be_v to_o pay_v and_o not_o to_o promise_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therefore_o the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v revoke_v and_o c.d._n be_v not_o discharge_v of_o the_o debt_n for_o the_o matter_n be_v entire_a and_o all_o entire_a commission_n be_v revocable_a mandatum_fw-la enim_fw-la re_fw-la integra_fw-la revocari_fw-la potest_fw-la &_o res_fw-la est_fw-la integra_fw-la &_o si_fw-la stipulatio_fw-la promissiove_n interuenerit_fw-la cum_fw-la id_fw-la non_fw-la mandaverim_fw-la for_o if_o c.d._n shall_v break_v or_o become_v insoluent_a e.f._n will_v come_v to_o a.b._n his_o debtor_n to_o have_v satisfaction_n for_o the_o say_a money_n and_o c.d._n be_v not_o discharge_v of_o the_o debt_n owe_v unto_o a.b._n but_o if_o e.f._n have_v take_v his_o promise_n for_o payment_n then_o upon_o proof_n make_v of_o it_o the_o case_n be_v clear_a it_o be_v a_o question_n also_o whether_o a_o procurator_n have_v commission_n to_o receive_v money_n which_o be_v owe_v or_o lend_v and_o to_o give_v a_o acquittance_n for_o the_o same_o and_o receive_v the_o money_n without_o make_v a_o acquittance_n have_v perform_v his_o commission_n and_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o he_o have_v not_o perform_v the_o same_o because_o he_o make_v no_o acquittance_n as_o he_o be_v will_v to_o do_v aliud_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la confessio_fw-la aliud_fw-la numeratio_fw-la albeit_o the_o acquittance_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o procurator_n but_o the_o party_n who_o repay_v the_o money_n another_o case_n they_o handle_v at_o large_a bartholomew_n do_v make_v and_o constitute_v nicholas_n to_o be_v his_o procurator_n or_o agent_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o commodity_n to_o the_o value_n of_o five_o thousand_o crown_n and_o he_o the_o constituant_fw-la to_o be_v answerable_a for_o the_o price_n and_o total_a sum_n of_o five_o thousand_o crown_n and_o withal_o give_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n unto_o the_o say_a nicholas_n that_o his_o procuration_n shall_v be_v good_a and_o available_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o honest_a person_n gerome_n john_n and_o angel_n of_o who_o the_o say_v constituant_fw-la have_v his_o commission_n and_o that_o they_o also_o together_o and_o apart_o insolidum_fw-la shall_v be_v bind_v for_o the_o performance_n and_o himself_o also_o nicholas_n the_o procurator_n by_o the_o commission_n of_o jerome_n john_n and_o angel_n as_o also_o
do_v pay_v for_o it_o factor_n therefore_o must_v be_v very_o careful_a to_o follow_v the_o commission_n give_v they_o very_o orderly_o and_o punctual_o and_o because_o merchant_n be_v not_o able_a to_o prescribe_v every_o thing_n so_o exact_o unto_o their_o factor_n as_o be_v convenient_a it_o behoove_v they_o to_o make_v good_a choice_n of_o the_o person_n which_o they_o do_v employ_v for_o their_o welfare_n depend_v upon_o traffic_n otherwise_o the_o factor_n grow_v rich_a and_o the_o merchant_n poor_a because_o his_o gain_n of_o factoridge_n be_v certain_a howsoever_o the_o success_n of_o merchant_n employment_n do_v prove_v but_o have_v a_o good_a factor_n which_o word_n good_a impli_v all_o and_o more_o than_o a_o honest_a factor_n who_o may_v be_v honest_a and_o nevertheless_o simple_a in_o his_o proceed_n and_o other_o also_o may_v be_v wise_a and_o not_o honest_a this_o good_a factor_n therefore_o may_v be_v trust_v addition_n ample_n commission_n with_o a_o addition_n and_o 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upon_o every_o man_n account_n sold._n commodity_n buy_v and_o sold._n according_a to_o the_o sum_n that_o every_o man_n parcel_n do_v amount_v unto_o until_o all_o be_v pay_v and_o if_o any_o loss_n do_v happen_v or_o that_o all_o be_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a loss_n be_v to_o be_v distribute_v upon_o every_o man_n account_n according_o if_o a_o factor_n do_v sell_v afterward_o more_o good_n to_o the_o say_a man_n or_o any_o other_o who_o be_v already_o indebt_v for_o other_o commodity_n former_o buy_v as_o aforesaid_a be_v it_o for_o his_o own_o account_n or_o other_o man_n account_n and_o in_o the_o interim_n receive_v some_o more_o money_n in_o part_n of_o payment_n and_o account_n between_o they_o then_o be_v the_o say_a factor_n to_o distribute_v the_o say_a money_n as_o before_o until_o the_o say_v old_a and_o precedent_a debt_n be_v first_o pay_v unless_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o controversy_n for_o they_o or_o that_o the_o payment_n be_v endorse_v upon_o the_o bill_n make_v for_o the_o late_a good_n sell_v unto_o that_o man_n for_o that_o bill_n may_v be_v transfer_v or_o set_v over_o unto_o another_o man_n and_o so_o be_v not_o he_o the_o receiver_n of_o that_o money_n but_o the_o other_o man_n if_o a_o factor_n do_v sell_v good_n to_o another_o man_n payable_a at_o time_n for_o his_o own_o account_n and_o rcieve_v the_o money_n for_o the_o same_o at_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n let_v other_o man_n money_n remain_v in_o that_o man_n hand_n unpay_v for_o good_n by_o he_o former_o sell_v this_o factor_n be_v to_o be_v answerable_a for_o that_o money_n unto_o those_o other_o man_n although_o he_o shall_v never_o recover_v one_o penny_n of_o it_o for_o he_o can_v without_o fraud_n bear_v with_o the_o nonpayment_n of_o other_o man_n money_n after_o they_o be_v due_a and_o procure_v the_o payment_n of_o his_o own_o money_n to_o another_o man_n loss_n and_o prejudice_n in_o like_a case_n if_o a_o factor_n do_v sell_v unto_o a_o 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goodness_n or_o kind_n as_o he_o be_v will_v to_o do_v this_o factor_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o for_o his_o own_o account_n and_o the_o merchant_n may_v disclaim_v the_o buy_n of_o they_o the_o like_a he_o may_v do_v if_o the_o factor_n have_v buy_v a_o commodity_n according_a to_o his_o commission_n do_v ship_n the_o same_o for_o another_o place_n than_o he_o have_v commission_n to_o do_v if_o a_o factor_n do_v sell_v a_o commodity_n under_o the_o price_n limit_v unto_o he_o he_o be_v to_o make_v good_a the_o loss_n or_o difference_n of_o the_o price_n unless_o he_o can_v give_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n of_o his_o do_v so_o wherein_o he_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o merchant_n for_o who_o he_o deal_v as_o be_v before_o note_v if_o a_o factor_n buy_v commodity_n according_a to_o his_o commission_n and_o afterward_o the_o price_n of_o they_o rise_v and_o thereupon_o fraudulent_o he_o lade_v they_o for_o another_o place_n contrary_a to_o his_o commission_n to_o take_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o in_o this_o case_n the_o merchant_n shall_v recover_v damage_n against_o the_o factor_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n upon_o proof_n make_v thereof_o if_o a_o factor_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o a_o merchant_n do_v buy_v a_o commodity_n for_o that_o merchant_n account_n with_o the_o say_v merchant_n money_n or_o by_o his_o credit_n and_o the_o factor_n give_v no_o advice_n of_o the_o buy_n of_o it_o to_o the_o say_a merchant_n but_o do_v sell_v the_o same_o again_o for_o his_o own_o benefit_n and_o gain_v the_o merchant_n shall_v recover_v this_o benefit_n of_o the_o say_a factor_n by_o the_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n and_o shall_v be_v moreover_o amerce_v for_o
albeit_o that_o the_o roman_n inflict_v the_o pain_n of_o the_o whole_a freight_n upon_o the_o merchant_n especial_o if_o he_o take_v out_o his_o own_o good_n again_o for_o than_o be_v the_o freight_n think_v to_o be_v deserve_v but_o if_o the_o ship_n in_o her_o voyage_n become_v unable_a without_o the_o master_n fault_n or_o that_o the_o master_n or_o ship_n be_v arrest_v by_o some_o authority_n of_o magistrate_n in_o her_o way_n the_o master_n may_v either_o mend_v his_o ship_n or_o freight_v another_o but_o in_o case_n the_o merchant_n agree_v not_o thereunto_o than_o the_o master_n shall_v at_o least_o recover_v his_o freight_n so_o far_o as_o he_o have_v deserve_v it_o for_o otherwise_o except_o the_o merchant_n consent_n or_o necessity_n constrain_v the_o master_n to_o put_v the_o good_n into_o another_o ship_n worse_o than_o his_o own_o the_o master_n be_v herein_o bind_v to_o all_o loss_n and_o damage_n except_o that_o both_o the_o ship_n perish_v that_o voyage_n and_o that_o no_o fault_n nor_o fraud_n be_v find_v in_o the_o master_n case_n admiralty_n case_n in_o the_o year_n 1587._o the_o like_a matter_n be_v in_o question_n with_o five_o ship_n come_v back_o without_o their_o lade_n from_o leghorn_n and_o civita_n vecchia_n into_o england_n whereof_o myself_o be_v one_o of_o the_o merchant_n that_o have_v freight_v they_o and_o do_v intend_v to_o receive_v lade_n there_o in_o allome_n but_o the_o galley_n of_o don_n andrea_n doria_n intend_v to_o surprise_v those_o ship_n the_o grand_a armada_n be_v prepare_v in_o spain_n they_o come_v all_o of_o they_o away_o without_o their_o lade_n some_o two_o of_o these_o ship_n have_v lyen_fw-we out_o all_o their_o time_n condition_v by_o their_o charterpartie_n to_o take_v in_o their_o lade_n and_o the_o master_n have_v notariall_a protest_n against_o the_o factor_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v lade_v they_o these_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o admiralty_n adjudge_v to_o have_v deserve_v their_o whole_a freight_n two_o other_o ship_n have_v not_o stay_v there_o their_o abide_a day_n nor_o make_v any_o protest_n as_o aforesaid_a can_v not_o be_v find_v to_o have_v deserve_v any_o freight_n at_o all_o although_o they_o be_v lade_v outward_a bind_v the_o five_o ship_n have_v a_o condition_n or_o proviso_n in_o her_o charterpartie_n that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o in_o her_o come_n back_o out_o of_o the_o strait_n she_o shall_v be_v take_v or_o cast_v away_o nevertheless_o the_o freight_n outward_o which_o be_v account_v half_a shall_v be_v pay_v law_n condition_n make_v law_n and_o that_o half_o be_v adjudge_v unto_o the_o master_n and_o no_o more_o have_v not_o tarry_v there_o his_o appoint_a time_n and_o if_o this_o proviso_n have_v not_o be_v he_o can_v not_o have_v recover_v any_o thing_n for_o when_o ship_n be_v freight_v go_v and_o come_v there_o be_v nothing_o due_a for_o freight_v until_o the_o whole_a voyage_n be_v perform_v so_o that_o if_o she_o perish_v or_o be_v take_v in_o the_o come_n home_o all_o be_v lose_v and_o nothing_o due_a unto_o she_o for_o any_o freight_n outward_o whereof_o i_o have_v also_o have_v experience_n by_o another_o ship_n it_o be_v also_o account_v for_o a_o fault_n if_o the_o master_n put_v forth_o the_o ship_n to_o sea_n either_o without_o a_o skilful_a pilot_n or_o without_o sufficient_a furniture_n and_o necessary_n according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a clause_n of_o the_o charter-party_n or_o as_o in_o the_o precedent_a case_n that_o the_o other_o ship_n in_o which_o the_o good_n be_v last_v put_v in_o be_v not_o sufficient_a or_o that_o the_o master_n do_v in_o a_o unlikely_a time_n put_v forth_o to_o sea_n the_o emperor_n gratian_n theodosius_n and_o valentinian_n in_o time_n past_a do_v express_o forbid_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v adventure_v upon_o the_o sea_n from_o november_n till_o april_n sed_fw-la tempora_fw-la mutantur_fw-la &_o nos_fw-la mutamur_fw-la in_o illis_fw-la always_o it_o be_v a_o great_a fault_n by_o the_o law_n to_o put_v to_o sail_v out_o of_o any_o port_n in_o stormy_a and_o tempestuous_a weather_n item_n if_o a_o master_n set_v forth_o his_o ship_n for_o to_o take_v in_o a_o certain_a charge_n or_o lade_n and_o then_o take_v in_o any_o more_o especial_o of_o other_o man_n he_o be_v to_o lose_v all_o his_o whole_a freight_n for_o by_o other_o man_n lade_n he_o may_v endanger_v the_o merchant_n good_n diverse_a way_n and_o in_o such_o a_o case_n when_o good_n by_o storm_n be_v cast_v overboard_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v make_v good_a by_o contribution_n or_o averidge_n aueridge_n aueridge_n but_o by_o the_o master_n own_o purse_n for_o if_o he_o overburthen_v the_o ship_n above_o the_o true_a mark_n of_o lade_n he_o be_v to_o pay_v a_o fine_a item_n if_o a_o ship_n do_v enter_v into_o any_o other_o port_n or_o harbour_n than_o she_o be_v freight_v for_o against_o the_o master_n will_v as_o by_o storm_n or_o some_o force_n than_o the_o good_n shall_v be_v transport_v to_o the_o port_n condition_v on_o the_o master_n charge_n but_o this_o must_v be_v try_v by_o the_o master_n oath_n and_o of_o two_o of_o his_o mariner_n or_o else_o the_o master_n may_v be_v in_o further_a danger_n if_o any_o man_n compel_v the_o master_n to_o overburthen_n ship_n or_o boat_n he_o may_v therefore_o be_v accuse_v criminal_o and_o pay_v the_o damage_n happen_v thereby_o item_n if_o a_o merchant_n put_v in_o more_o good_n into_o a_o ship_n than_o be_v condition_v then_o may_v the_o master_n take_v what_o freight_n he_o please_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n it_o be_v impute_v for_o a_o fault_n to_o the_o master_n if_o he_o direct_v his_o course_n by_o way_n either_o dangerous_a through_o pirate_n enemy_n or_o other_o evil_a adventure_n also_o if_o he_o do_v carry_v the_o flag_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o not_o his_o own_o and_o thereby_o incur_v any_o loss_n or_o damage_n for_o as_o pack_n pipe_n and_o all_o good_n shall_v be_v mark_v with_o the_o proper_a mark_n of_o the_o merchant_n to_o who_o they_o appertain_v so_o shall_v ship_n be_v discern_v one_o from_o another_o by_o their_o own_o flag_n the_o ordinary_a charter-party_n of_o fraightment_n of_o ship_n make_v and_o indent_v between_o the_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n and_o a_o merchant_n or_o many_o merchant_n in_o freight_v a_o ship_n together_o by_o the_o tonnage_n tonnage_n fraighting_n by_o tonnage_n where_o every_o merchant_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o lade_v so_o many_o ton_n in_o certainty_n be_v make_v as_o follow_v mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la which_o be_v do_v before_o notary_n or_o scrivenor_n a.b._n master_n of_o the_o good_a ship_n or_o fly-boot_n call_v the_o red_a lion_n of_o ratclife_n of_o the_o burden_n of_o 120_o ton_n or_o thereabouts_o ride_v at_o anchor_n in_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n acknowledge_v to_o have_v let_v to_o freight_v unto_o c._n d._n the_o merchant_n his_o say_a ship_n and_o do_v promise_n to_o prepare_v to_o make_v ready_a the_o same_o within_o ten_o day_n to_o take_v in_o such_o good_n as_o the_o say_a merchant_n shall_v lade_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v lade_v in_o she_o to_o make_v by_o god_n grace_n with_o the_o first_o convenient_a weather_n and_o wind_n after_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o say_a day_n a_o voyage_n from_o the_o city_n of_o london_n to_o the_o town_n of_o saint_n lucar_n de_fw-fr barameda_n in_o spain_n and_o there_o to_o deliver_v all_o the_o say_v good_n well_o condition_v and_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o they_o be_v deliver_v unto_o he_o to_o such_o a_o merchant_n or_o factor_n as_o the_o merchant_n the_o fraightor_n shall_v nominate_v and_o appoint_v according_a to_o the_o bill_n of_o lade_v make_v or_o to_o be_v make_v thereof_o and_o there_o to_o remain_v with_o his_o say_a ship_n the_o space_n of_o twenty_o day_n to_o take_v in_o and_o receive_v all_o such_o good_n as_o the_o say_a factor_n or_o any_o other_o by_o his_o appointment_n shall_v lade_v into_o she_o and_o as_o the_o say_a ship_n may_v convenient_o carry_v and_o be_v so_o lade_v to_o return_v back_o again_o for_o the_o say_a city_n of_o london_n and_o there_o to_o deliver_v the_o say_v good_n also_o well_o condition_v to_o the_o say_v c._n d._n the_o merchant_n or_o his_o assign_n and_o the_o say_a master_n do_v further_a covenant_n with_o the_o say_a merchant_n that_o his_o ship_n shall_v be_v furnish_v with_o twelve_o able_a man_n and_o a_o boy_n ten_o piece_n of_o iron_n ordnance_n namely_o two_o saker_n six_o minion_n two_o falcon_n and_o eight_o musket_n with_o powder_n shot_n and_o all_o thing_n necessary_a as_o cable_n sail_n rope_n anchor_n and_o victual_n requisite_a for_o such_o or_o the_o like_a voyage_n etc._n etc._n and_o hereupon_o c._n d_o the_o merchant_n and_o fraightor_n do_v likewise_o covenant_n with_o the_o say_a mâ—ster_n or_o all_o the_o
if_o the_o same_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v lose_v yet_o by_o the_o say_a register_n the_o party_n may_v recover_v of_o the_o assuror_n the_o several_a sum_n by_o they_o assure_v as_o also_o because_o if_o any_o news_n do_v come_v of_o the_o cast_v away_o of_o the_o ship_n the_o assure_a may_v come_v to_o the_o office_n and_o cause_n intimation_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o assuror_n and_o to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a of_o such_o a_o loss_n which_o be_v also_o record_v there_o according_o express_v the_o time_n when_o this_o intimation_n be_v make_v and_o in_o case_n of_o assurance_n make_v upon_o lose_v or_o not_o lose_v the_o very_a hour_n of_o the_o day_n be_v to_o be_v set_v down_o whereby_o if_o there_o be_v any_o fraud_n it_o may_v soon_o be_v detect_v and_o if_o the_o assure_a do_v think_v convenient_a either_o for_o that_o he_o have_v almost_o assure_v all_o the_o value_n of_o his_o good_n or_o that_o he_o will_v have_v the_o assistance_n of_o the_o assuror_n when_o there_o be_v hope_n of_o recovery_n of_o any_o part_n thereof_o or_o any_o other_o cause_n which_o may_v move_v he_o then_o i_o say_v good_n renunciation_n of_o good_n the_o party_n assure_v may_v make_v renunciation_n of_o all_o the_o good_n to_o the_o assuror_n and_o he_o shall_v come_v in_o as_o a_o assuror_n for_o so_o much_o as_o shall_v appear_v that_o he_o have_v himself_o bear_v adventure_n of_o and_o the_o assuror_n be_v to_o be_v contributaries_n to_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o pursuit_n and_o they_o may_v joint_o argee_n therein_o and_o appoint_v their_o servant_n or_o other_o person_n to_o follow_v the_o same_o and_o this_o renunciation_n be_v also_o record_v in_o the_o say_a office_n according_o but_o if_o afterwards_o it_o shall_v be_v find_v that_o the_o assure_a have_v make_v assurance_n or_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v assure_v for_o more_o than_o the_o good_n lade_v for_o his_o account_n do_v cost_v then_o the_o last_o assuror_n which_o have_v subscribe_v to_o the_o policy_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o as_o have_v be_v declare_v for_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o assurance_n it_o be_v intend_v that_o to_o avoid_v cavilation_n every_o assuror_n shall_v be_v bind_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la to_o the_o say_a assurance_n have_v a_o respect_n to_o the_o augmentation_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n according_a to_o the_o maxim_n it_o be_v better_a to_o suffer_v a_o mischief_n than_o a_o inconvenience_n the_o mischief_n be_v attribute_v to_o one_o or_o some_o particular_a person_n and_o the_o inconvenience_n to_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n in_o general_n hereupon_o the_o party_n assure_v do_v procure_v his_o testimoniall_n witness_n or_o any_o other_o evidence_n concern_v the_o say_a loss_n declare_v the_o manner_n and_o place_n the_o cause_n with_o all_o circumstance_n either_o by_o examination_n in_o the_o say_a office_n of_o assurance_n or_o in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n with_o all_o such_o other_o proof_n as_o by_o letter_n and_o all_o other_o mean_v he_o can_v attain_v unto_o assuror_n proof_n of_o the_o assuror_n all_o which_o he_o have_v ready_a or_o bring_v into_o the_o office_n together_o with_o the_o charterpartie_n of_o fraightment_n if_o he_o have_v the_o same_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n the_o bill_n of_o lade_n the_o invoice_n of_o the_o good_n the_o factor_n letter_n of_o lade_n wherein_o the_o bill_n be_v enclose_v or_o any_o other_o letter_n make_v for_o the_o declaration_n and_o manifestation_n of_o all_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n which_o be_v all_o examine_v by_o the_o commissioner_n for_o assurance_n at_o several_a appoint_a day_n for_o hear_v procure_v by_o the_o assure_a at_o which_o time_n all_o the_o assuror_n be_v warn_v to_o appear_v and_o record_n be_v make_v also_o of_o their_o meeting_n and_o ☞_o proceed_n and_o herein_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o it_o may_v many_o time_n happen_v that_o the_o assure_a have_v cause_v some_o assurance_n to_o be_v make_v in_o some_o other_o place_n upon_o the_o say_a good_n also_o therefore_o the_o commissioner_n if_o it_o be_v by_o the_o assuror_n require_v may_v examine_v the_o assure_v thereupon_o by_o oath_n and_o then_o deal_v therein_o as_o they_o find_v cause_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o assurance_n to_o abbreviate_v the_o question_n which_o the_o civilians_n have_v make_v concern_v this_o argument_n of_o assurance_n writing_n de_fw-fr assicurationibus_fw-la i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o let_v every_o merchant_n understand_v that_o observe_v the_o form_n of_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n with_o the_o observation_n before_o declare_v all_o the_o say_a question_n will_v be_v prevent_v and_o to_o prove_v the_o same_o by_o demonstrative_a reason_n upon_o every_o question_n allege_v as_o follow_v a_o abridgement_n of_o question_n of_o assurance_n 1_o whither_o a_o assurance_n make_v upon_o a_o ship_n name_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o ship_n or_o of_o the_o good_n lade_v therein_o or_o upon_o both_o answer_v when_o the_o name_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v express_v according_a to_o the_o say_a policy_n of_o assurance_n make_v upon_o the_o very_a keel_n of_o the_o ship_n of_o such_o a_o burden_n there_o be_v no_o man_n endue_v with_o reason_n that_o will_v attribute_v this_o assurance_n to_o extend_v to_o the_o good_n lade_v in_o the_o same_o much_o less_o to_o both_o when_o the_o ship_n be_v only_o name_v and_o no_o good_n at_o all_o 2_o whether_o a_o assurance_n make_v upon_o one_o thousand_o hide_n lade_v in_o such_o a_o ship_n from_o such_o a_o place_n to_o such_o a_o place_n be_v good_a without_o name_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o hide_n lade_v therein_o a._n in_o all_o policy_n of_o assurance_n the_o word_n run_v general_n upon_o the_o principal_a ware_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n or_o good_n lade_v or_o to_o be_v lade_v by_o such_o a_o man_n for_o the_o account_n of_o he_o or_o any_o other_o and_o so_o this_o general_n include_v all_o particular_a thing_n which_o when_o assurance_n be_v make_v upon_o they_o be_v name_v and_o specify_v as_o hereafter_o be_v also_o declare_v 3_o whether_o upon_o uncertain_a thing_n to_o be_v lade_v the_o assurance_n be_v good_a a._n when_o assurance_n be_v make_v upon_o good_n lade_v or_o to_o be_v lade_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o say_a assurance_n must_v needs_o be_v of_o validity_n for_o the_o word_n good_n and_o merchandise_n comprehend_v all_o uncertain_a thing_n vendible_a and_o if_o it_o be_v some_o particular_a thing_n it_o be_v always_o express_v 4_o whether_o a_o assurance_n make_v upon_o one_o sack_n of_o wool_n be_v good_a when_o there_o be_v many_o sack_n of_o woolle_n in_o the_o same_o ship_n a._n the_o question_n be_v prevent_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o assurance_n which_o be_v that_o a_o assurance_n make_v upon_o any_o particular_a good_n must_v be_v declare_v by_o the_o particular_a mark_n of_o the_o good_n belong_v to_o such_o a_o owner_n or_o any_o other_o and_o if_o there_o be_v more_o of_o the_o say_a mark_n the_o number_n therefore_o be_v add_v and_o if_o the_o number_n be_v alike_o the_o weight_n may_v distinguish_v the_o same_o whereby_o the_o one_o sack_n be_v throw_v over_o board_n for_o safeguard_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n may_v be_v cast_v into_o a_o contribution_n or_o be_v take_v by_o pirate_n the_o assuror_n be_v to_o pay_v for_o it_o so_o this_o question_n be_v frivolous_a as_o many_o other_o be_v and_o breed_v but_o contention_n to_o imbibe_n merchant_n brain_n with_o they_o 5_o the_o like_a be_v when_o the_o assurance_n be_v make_v upon_o commodity_n or_o good_n without_o name_n or_o not_o name_v the_o number_n weight_n or_o measure_n but_o express_v the_o mark_n of_o all_o good_n lade_v or_o to_o be_v lade_v as_o aforesaid_a 6_o whether_o the_o assuror_n be_v to_o have_v his_o premio_fw-la or_o salary_n upon_o a_o conditional_a assurance_n or_o not_o a._n there_o be_v no_o conditional_a assurance_n make_v but_o with_o exception_n of_o some_o adventure_n not_o to_o be_v bear_v by_o the_o assuror_n which_o be_v not_o comprise_v in_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n and_o therefore_o the_o premio_fw-la be_v due_a to_o the_o assuror_n 7_o whether_o a_o assurance_n make_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o first_o voyage_n which_o the_o ship_n do_v make_v after_o the_o assurance_n be_v make_v and_o the_o ship_n appoint_v for_o lade_n a._n this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v always_o of_o the_o first_o voyage_n unless_o there_o be_v a_o declaration_n of_o a_o second_o voyage_n in_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v note_v a_o caveat_n for_o assuror_n to_o be_v careful_a how_o they_o cause_v other_o man_n to_o assure_v for_o they_o in_o remote_a place_n not_o to_o make_v they_o liable_a to_o two_o voyage_n for_o one_o assurance_n nor_o to_o be_v subject_a
to_o a_o second_o voyage_n when_o the_o first_o be_v perform_v but_o to_o be_v vigilant_a in_o their_o action_n 8_o whether_o a_o assurance_n make_v for_o the_o tempest_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v also_o to_o be_v understand_v for_o thief_n or_o robber_n upon_o the_o sea_n a._n the_o general_a and_o ordinary_a policy_n of_o assurance_n contain_v all_o adventure_n show_v that_o the_o assuror_n be_v to_o bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o both_o these_o and_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o particular_a it_o must_v be_v declare_v so_o that_o this_o distinction_n be_v vain_a 9_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v to_o the_o question_n whether_o a_o assurance_n make_v by_o stipulation_n be_v a_o contract_n or_o not_o or_o whether_o it_o be_v coventionall_a or_o conditional_a wherein_o this_o distinction_n be_v of_o no_o moment_n 10_o whether_o a_o assuror_n have_v pay_v the_o merchant_n for_o good_n lose_v by_o he_o assure_v may_v afterward_o if_o the_o good_n be_v find_v again_o or_o recover_v restore_v the_o good_n to_o the_o merchant_n and_o call_v for_o his_o money_n which_o he_o pay_v back_o again_o a._n it_o appear_v plain_o by_o all_o policy_n of_o assurance_n that_o the_o assuror_n do_v condescend_v that_o the_o merchant_n shall_v have_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n by_o himself_o or_o his_o factor_n and_o servant_n to_o sue_v for_o therecoverie_n of_o the_o good_n and_o that_o the_o assuror_n shall_v contribute_v to_o the_o charge_n pro_fw-la rata_fw-la of_o their_o sum_n by_o they_o assure_v respective_o but_o the_o merchant_n be_v not_o therefore_o hinder_v to_o recover_v the_o money_n of_o the_o assuror_n neither_o can_v one_o particular_a assuror_n have_v all_o the_o good_n for_o the_o merchant_n relinquish_a the_o good_n to_o the_o assuror_n reserve_v always_o his_o part_n therein_o which_o he_o have_v not_o assure_v which_o he_o detain_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o assuror_n so_o that_o the_o assuror_n have_v not_o convenient_a mean_n to_o perform_v the_o content_n of_o the_o question_n nevertheless_o if_o the_o merchant_n will_v he_o may_v buy_v the_o good_n so_o recover_v of_o the_o assuror_n as_o they_o can_v agree_v but_o then_o be_v the_o question_n alter_v and_o not_o the_o same_o 11_o whether_o a_o assuror_n be_v to_o answer_v any_o hurt_n or_o damage_n do_v to_o the_o good_n by_o mouse_n rat_n or_o any_o other_o vermin_n especial_o moth_n a._n by_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n that_o assuror_n be_v to_o answer_v for_o all_o damage_n detriment_n or_o hurt_v which_o shall_v happen_v to_o the_o good_n after_o his_o underwriting_n but_o if_o he_o can_v prove_v the_o hurt_n or_o damage_n be_v before_o do_v in_o the_o warehouse_n or_o other_o place_n he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o answer_v the_o same_o 12_o whether_o good_n lose_v in_o the_o ship_n boat_n be_v unlade_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n or_o be_v to_o be_v lade_v into_o the_o ship_n shall_v be_v answer_v by_o the_o assuror_n or_o what_o may_v be_v lay_v to_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o assuror_n by_o contribution_n a._n this_o question_n consist_v of_o two_o point_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o be_v plain_a according_a to_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n where_o it_o be_v specify_v that_o the_o adventure_n shall_v begin_v upon_o the_o good_n lade_v in_o any_o boat_n vessel_n or_o crayer_n to_o be_v lay_v aboard_o of_o such_o a_o ship_n or_o be_v discharge_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n the_o adventure_n to_o continue_v till_o the_o good_n be_v safe_o land_v but_o to_o the_o second_o the_o answer_n be_v not_o so_o plain_a because_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o sea-law_n and_o must_v be_v consider_v according_o for_o as_o we_o have_v note_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o contribution_n if_o by_o occasion_n of_o lightning_n the_o good_n which_o be_v put_v into_o the_o boat_n or_o light_a perish_v the_o ship_n and_o remain_a good_n in_o the_o ship_n shall_v answer_v for_o the_o same_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o the_o ship_n and_o remain_a good_n perish_v after_o the_o boat_n or_o light_a be_v once_o safe_a no_o contribution_n shall_v be_v on_o the_o good_n in_o the_o light_a for_o the_o law_n be_v that_o the_o good_n shall_v only_a be_v liable_a to_o contribution_n when_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v safe_o arrive_v to_o their_o intend_a port_n of_o discharge_n according_a to_o this_o rule_n be_v the_o assuror_n to_o answer_v for_o contribution_n pro_fw-la rata_fw-la of_o the_o sum_n by_o he_o assure_v 13_o whether_o assurance_n make_v for_o pirate_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v also_o for_o thief_n which_o by_o night_n steal_v the_o good_n from_o the_o ship_n a._n the_o answer_n be_v so_o evident_a that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v comprise_v in_o the_o assurance_n as_o there_o need_v no_o other_o explanation_n 14_o whether_o a_o assurance_n make_v at_o one_o time_n upon_o good_n to_o be_v buy_v and_o intend_v to_o be_v lade_v and_o afterward_o find_v not_o to_o be_v buy_v at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o at_o another_o time_n do_v bind_v the_o assuror_n to_o pay_v the_o loss_n a._n this_o question_n be_v worthy_a the_o consideration_n and_o do_v mere_o consist_v in_o the_o observation_n of_o time_n &_o not_o in_o the_o buy_n of_o the_o good_n although_o it_o be_v so_o propound_v for_o the_o time_n make_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o assurance_n as_o i_o have_v note_v before_o good_n lade_v in_o the_o summer_n be_v not_o in_o adventure_n comparable_a to_o the_o winter_n when_o storm_n and_o tempest_n do_v arise_v and_o therefore_o be_v not_o the_o assuror_n to_o be_v make_v answerable_a to_o this_o assurance_n for_o the_o custom_n herein_o be_v clear_a and_o concur_v with_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n and_o therefore_o not_o comprise_v in_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n also_o that_o assuror_n be_v to_o have_v a_o special_a regard_n to_o the_o master_n of_o ship_n whether_o they_o be_v vicious_a or_o diligent_a for_o the_o love_n of_o woman_n and_o wine_n make_v they_o to_o loose_v the_o opportunity_n of_o time_n so_o that_o by_o contrary_a wind_n their_o voyage_n be_v retard_v and_o which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o summer_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o winter_n subject_a to_o eminent_a danger_n and_o loss_n whereunto_o the_o assuror_n become_v liable_a as_o be_v declare_v whether_o it_o be_v by_o accident_n misfortune_n casualty_n rare_a success_n and_o negligence_n of_o master_n and_o mariner_n unlooked_v for_o and_o happen_v in_o strange_a manner_n sudden_o 15_o whether_o a_o assuror_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o adventure_n of_o good_n ship_v from_o one_o ship_n into_o another_o a._n sometime_o in_o policy_n of_o assurance_n it_o happen_v that_o upon_o some_o especial_a consideration_n this_o clause_n forbid_v the_o transfer_v of_o good_n be_v insert_v because_o in_o time_n of_o hostility_n or_o war_n between_o prince_n it_o may_v fall_v out_o to_o be_v unlade_v in_o such_o ship_n of_o those_o contend_a prince_n whereby_o the_o adventure_n will_v be_v far_o great_a but_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a assurance_n which_o be_v make_v general_o without_o any_o exception_n the_o assuror_n be_v liable_a thereunto_o for_o it_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n without_o some_o good_a and_o accidental_a cause_n will_v not_o put_v the_o good_n from_o one_o ship_n into_o another_o but_o will_v deliver_v they_o according_a to_o the_o charterpartie_n at_o the_o appoint_a place_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o when_o assurance_n be_v make_v upon_o some_o particular_a good_n lade_v in_o such_o a_o ship_n under_o such_o a_o mark_n the_o policy_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o good_n lade_v to_o be_v transport_v and_o deliver_v to_o such_o a_o place_n by_o the_o ship_n or_o by_o any_o other_o ship_n or_o vessel_n until_o they_o be_v safe_o land_v so_o that_o in_o all_o these_o and_o the_o like_o the_o condition_n make_v the_o law_n 16_o now_o there_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o a_o assuror_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o assurance_n of_o good_n to_o bear_v the_o adventure_n if_o no_o good_n be_v lade_v or_o but_o part_n of_o the_o good_n a._n if_o a_o man_n do_v bind_v or_o oblige_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v find_v in_o such_o a_o place_n and_o it_o be_v not_o find_v there_o every_o man_n know_v that_o the_o say_a thing_n tie_v to_o a_o local_a place_n can_v be_v bind_v thereby_o because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n name_v without_o substance_n and_o not_o in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la and_o there_o will_v be_v understand_v a_o privation_n without_o be_v and_o where_o there_o be_v not_o materia_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la first_o there_o can_v be_v no_o privation_n but_o if_o part_n of_o the_o good_n be_v lade_v than_o the_o assuror_n be_v liable_a for_o so_o much_o as_o that_o part_n of_o good_n do_v cost_v
of_o indigo_n in_o barrel_n sugar_n in_o chest_n and_o pepper_n in_o bag_n mark_v and_o number_v according_a to_o the_o goodness_n by_o the_o lot_n draw_v or_o cast_v and_o expect_v god_n blessing_n according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o the_o wiseman_n as_o aforesaid_a forasmuch_o as_o in_o italy_n and_o germany_n diverse_a commodity_n and_o manufacture_n be_v disperse_v distribute_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n vent_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o lottary_n which_o be_v continual_o extant_a in_o public_a market_n and_o other_o place_n i_o can_v omit_v to_o speak_v hereof_o as_o a_o matter_n appertain_v to_o merchant_n there_o be_v two_o manner_n of_o lotary_n namely_o stand_v lotary_n and_o run_v lotary_n the_o first_o limit_v for_o a_o continuance_n of_o time_n to_o be_v draw_v at_o the_o end_n thereof_o without_o intermission_n by_o day_n and_o night_n the_o latter_a to_o be_v draw_v daily_o and_o at_o all_o convenient_a hour_n when_o the_o party_n will_v put_v in_o their_o money_n and_o have_v 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rather_o for_o that_o the_o adventurer_n in_o lotary_n incur_v less_o danger_n than_o merchant_n do_v in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n especial_o in_o assurance_n when_o they_o do_v adventure_v one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o three_o or_o four_o pound_n from_o london_n to_o barbary_n whereas_o for_o one_o lot_n of_o twelve_o penny_n he_o have_v a_o possibility_n to_o have_v allot_v unto_o he_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o pound_n lotary_n be_v commendable_a lotary_n the_o right_a use_n of_o lotary_n if_o they_o be_v appropriate_v to_o their_o right_a use_n and_o good_a intention_n finis_fw-la coronat_fw-la opus_fw-la for_o this_o make_v they_o to_o be_v of_o continuance_n please_v and_o profitable_a when_o the_o benefit_n thereof_o do_v redound_v to_o pious_a work_n
for_o merchant_n credit_n and_o reputation_n for_o that_o merchant_n which_o in_o the_o storm_n of_o adversity_n show_v to_o be_v a_o good_a pilot_n deserve_v great_a commendation_n of_o the_o care_n and_o endeavour_n which_o he_o use_v to_o prevent_v the_o shipwreck_n of_o his_o reputation_n and_o credit_n especial_o with_o a_o good_a conscience_n which_o will_v be_v unto_o he_o a_o continual_a feast_n although_o the_o sea_n be_v turbulent_a for_o he_o be_v arm_v with_o patience_n and_o not_o destitute_a of_o comfort_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o that_o like_a coward_n become_v careless_a of_o their_o credit_n or_o be_v of_o a_o evil_a disposition_n seek_v to_o defraud_v their_o creditor_n and_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o their_o break_n pay_v little_a or_o nothing_o they_o do_v not_o only_o deserve_v a_o name_n of_o defamation_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v meet_v withal_o by_o some_o severe_a punishment_n by_o the_o law_n bankrupt_n severepunishment_n of_o bankrupt_n it_o be_v not_o long_o since_o namely_o in_o the_o year_n 1602_o that_o there_o be_v a_o merchant_n at_o rouen_n in_o france_n who_o together_o with_o his_o son_n and_o a_o broker_n have_v confederated_a to_o buy_v great_a store_n of_o merchandise_n upon_o their_o credit_n of_o purpose_n to_o break_v and_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o which_o be_v know_v make_v they_o to_o be_v apprehend_v and_o the_o court_n of_o edict_n do_v proceed_v criminal_o against_o they_o as_o thief_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n whereof_o they_o be_v also_o convict_v and_o all_o three_o of_o they_o hang_v in_o the_o market_n place_n observe_v that_o the_o reprehensive_a proverb_n that_o veniam_fw-la coruos_fw-la vexat_fw-la censura_fw-la columbas_fw-la be_v to_o be_v remember_v to_o punish_v the_o small_a theft_n or_o little_a thief_n and_o to_o suffer_v the_o great_a thief_n to_o escape_v which_o be_v unreasonable_a bankrupt_n the_o statute_n against_o bankrupt_n the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_n make_v and_o provide_v by_o our_o law_n against_o merchant_n and_o citizen_n only_o be_v do_v to_o a_o very_a good_a intent_n if_o it_o be_v execute_v according_o with_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o person_n and_o their_o behaviour_n but_o some_o can_v prevent_v the_o mean_n of_o sue_v forth_o the_o same_o and_o so_o break_v the_o strength_n of_o it_o as_o easy_o as_o a_o spider_n web_n while_o plain_o deal_v man_n be_v lay_v hold_v of_o that_o have_v a_o honest_a intention_n to_o pay_v every_o man_n according_a to_o their_o ability_n present_a or_o future_a as_o god_n shall_v enable_v they_o for_o ultra_fw-la posse_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la esse_fw-la but_o these_o well_o mean_v man_n be_v oftentimes_o hinder_v to_o perform_v their_o honest_a intention_n by_o the_o hard_a and_o obstinate_a deal_n of_o some_o of_o their_o creditor_n to_o the_o utter_a overthrow_n of_o they_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o the_o general_a loss_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o creditor_n these_o man_n therefore_o be_v to_o be_v overrule_v by_o the_o lord_n chaunceller_n who_o may_v compel_v they_o to_o be_v conformable_a with_o the_o other_o creditor_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o other_o country_n and_o there_o have_v be_v in_o time_n past_a during_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n prisoner_n commission_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o prisoner_n a_o commission_n grant_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o distress_a prisoner_n in_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o the_o king_n bench_n which_o commission_n if_o it_o be_v renew_v for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o one_o and_o find_v out_o of_o the_o other_o will_v work_v much_o charity_n and_o contentment_n to_o the_o subject_n howbeit_o to_o prevent_v these_o extreme_n be_v more_o commendable_a for_o many_o merchant_n and_o shopkeeper_n do_v flourish_v and_o become_v rich_a again_o if_o their_o creditor_n be_v favourable_a unto_o they_o and_o do_v pay_v every_o man_n to_o the_o full_a therefore_o be_v the_o letter_n of_o licenses_n devise_v among_o merchant_n debtor_n letter_n of_o licence_n give_v to_o debtor_n which_o be_v as_o a_o passport_n for_o the_o person_n and_o good_n of_o the_o debtor_n give_v by_o the_o creditor_n by_o way_n of_o covenant_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o for_o and_o during_o such_o a_o time_n or_o term_n of_o year_n trouble_v or_o molest_v the_o person_n and_o good_n of_o the_o say_a debtor_n nor_o cause_n to_o be_v molest_v arrest_v or_o trouble_v upon_o pain_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o say_a debt_n to_o be_v plead_v in_o bar_n against_o they_o for_o ever_o as_o a_o full_a payment_n of_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a encouragement_n and_o to_o retain_v man_n in_o their_o duty_n the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n concur_v with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n herein_o credit_n restauration_n of_o credit_n do_v make_v a_o restauration_n of_o credit_n to_o those_o that_o pay_v their_o debt_n to_o the_o full_a notwithstanding_o their_o loss_n which_o they_o have_v sustain_v and_o they_o may_v have_v a_o publication_n make_v of_o it_o by_o way_n of_o intimation_n to_o all_o man_n upon_o the_o exchange_n or_o other_o public_a place_n for_o a_o perpetual_a remembrance_n to_o posterity_n of_o their_o honest_a religious_a and_o commendable_a endeavour_n and_o behaviour_n to_o the_o honour_n and_o credit_n of_o their_o house_n kindred_n or_o good_a descent_n which_o be_v more_o especial_o regard_v in_o spain_n spain_n a_o gentleman_n privilege_n in_o spain_n where_o a_o merchant_n or_o citizen_n be_v decay_v in_o his_o estate_n and_o have_v pay_v according_a to_o his_o ability_n yea_o although_o he_o do_v not_o pay_v at_o all_o shall_v be_v free_v from_o all_o arrest_n and_o trouble_v touch_v his_o person_n if_o he_o make_v proof_n that_o he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n by_o birth_n which_o extend_v so_o far_o that_o all_o merchant_n stranger_n may_v have_v and_o enjoy_v the_o like_a privilege_n upon_o certificate_n make_v by_o any_o that_o be_v ambassador_n and_o agent_n for_o their_o country_n who_o common_o will_v do_v it_o upon_o the_o verification_n of_o it_o by_o the_o herald_n or_o otherwise_o which_o cause_v man_n not_o to_o degenerate_v in_o virtuous_a action_n although_o adverse_a fortune_n play_v her_o tragedy_n which_o they_o overcome_v with_o constancy_n and_o magnanimity_n the_o say_a statute_n against_o bankerupt_v be_v make_v upon_o very_o great_a consideration_n which_o lie_v not_o against_o a_o gentleman_n so_o that_o to_o call_v a_o decay_a gentleman_n a_o bankrupt_a although_o he_o have_v have_v deal_v in_o the_o world_n bear_v no_o action_n at_o the_o common_a law_n unless_o he_o be_v a_o merchant_n or_o shopkeeper_n etc._n etc._n bankerupt_v commissioner_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o bankerupt_v the_o commissioner_n appoint_v by_o the_o lord_n chanceller_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o execute_v this_o commission_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_a must_v be_v councillor_n at_o the_o law_n join_v with_o some_o citizen_n or_o merchant_n which_o be_v to_o seize_v of_o the_o party_n which_o by_o the_o say_a commission_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o bankrupt_a all_o good_n debt_n chattel_n and_o moveable_n into_o their_o hand_n and_o to_o appoint_v one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o creditor_n to_o be_v treasurer_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v afterward_o to_o be_v distribute_v by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n unto_o all_o such_o as_o they_o shall_v find_v and_o admit_v to_o be_v right_a creditor_n to_o the_o party_n and_o with_o his_o privity_n and_o consent_n upon_o such_o specialty_n book_n or_o account_n as_o they_o shall_v produce_v and_o be_v make_v apparent_a unto_o they_o which_o must_v be_v do_v within_o four_o month_n after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n statute_n the_o content_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n for_o if_o it_o be_v after_o the_o four_o month_n expire_v they_o may_v exclude_v any_o creditor_n if_o they_o see_v cause_n so_o that_o the_o say_a distribution_n shall_v be_v do_v to_o those_o only_o which_o have_v be_v admit_v within_o the_o say_a time_n according_a to_o their_o several_a principal_a sum_n due_a unto_o they_o without_o any_o interest_n for_o the_o forbearance_n since_o the_o speciality_n be_v due_a or_o any_o forfeiture_n howbeit_o charge_n in_o law_n expend_v for_o the_o debt_n shall_v be_v by_o they_o allow_v according_a to_o their_o discretion_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n to_o admit_v any_o creditor_n to_o come_v in_o where_o the_o party_n be_v surety_n for_o another_o if_o that_o party_n be_v likewise_o decay_v for_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o interest_n money_n that_o two_o or_o three_o be_v bind_v together_o and_o the_o collateral_a bond_n which_o they_o give_v each_o to_o other_o to_o save_v harmless_a be_v to_o be_v consider_v both_o by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o the_o creditor_n it_o be_v
a_o dog_n use_v to_o bite_v or_o gnaw_v upon_o a_o bone_n so_o that_o he_o that_o bit_v not_o do_v not_o commit_v usury_n for_o usury_n be_v none_o other_o thing_n than_o a_o bite_n as_o i_o say_v of_o the_o very_a etymology_n and_o proper_a nature_n of_o the_o word_n otherwise_o it_o can_v be_v call_v neshech_n as_o the_o hebrician_n say_v according_a to_o the_o definition_n then_o of_o bite_a usury_n we_o be_v to_o proceed_v in_o this_o discourse_n after_o that_o we_o have_v brief_o declare_v the_o law_n and_o prohibition_n against_o usury_n wherein_o we_o must_v begin_v with_o the_o holy_a scripture_n observe_v these_o place_n god_n say_v in_o the_o 22_o of_o exodus_fw-la scripture_n holy_a scripture_n if_o thou_o lend_v money_n to_o any_o of_o my_o people_n that_o be_v poor_a by_o thou_o thou_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o usurer_n unto_o he_o neither_o shall_v thou_o oppress_v he_o with_o usury_n in_o another_o place_n 25._o levit._fw-la 25._o if_o thy_o brother_n be_v wax_v poor_a and_o fall_v into_o decay_n with_o thou_o receive_v he_o as_o a_o stranger_n or_o a_o soiourner_n 23._o deut._n 23._o and_o let_v he_o live_v by_o thou_o and_o thou_o shall_v take_v no_o usury_n of_o he_o nor_o yet_o advantage_n but_o shall_v fear_v thy_o god_n that_o thy_o brother_n may_v live_v with_o thou_o 6._o psal._n 15â—_n ezech._n 18._o matt._n 5._o luke_n 6._o thou_o shall_v not_o lend_v he_o thy_o money_n upon_o usury_n or_o lend_v he_o of_o thy_o food_n to_o have_v a_o advantage_n by_o it_o add_v unto_o this_o the_o place_n note_v in_o the_o margin_n and_o so_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o holy_a ancient_a father_n saint_n hierome_n say_v there_o be_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o usury_n fraud_n and_o violent_a rob_v father_n ancient_a father_n saint_n augustine_n say_v a_o usurer_n be_v he_o say_v to_o be_v who_o do_v demand_v more_o in_o money_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n else_o than_o he_o have_v deliver_v according_a to_o which_o the_o say_a saint_n hierome_n also_o say_v that_o some_o do_v think_v usury_n to_o be_v only_o in_o money_n but_o let_v they_o well_o understand_v that_o usury_n be_v a_o overplus_n in_o any_o thing_n above_o that_o which_o be_v lend_v mortis_fw-la amb._n de_fw-fr beno_fw-la mortis_fw-la saint_n ambrose_n likewise_o say_v if_o any_o man_n take_v usury_n he_o do_v commit_v extortion_n rapine_n and_o pillage_n and_o shall_v not_o live_v the_o life_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v he_o shall_v die_v therefore_o to_o omit_v many_o other_o of_o the_o say_v ancient_a father_n saint_n bernard_n say_v that_o the_o vsuror_n be_v a_o thief_n in_o law_n because_o the_o civil_a law_n tell_v he_o before_o hand_n what_o it_o be_v that_o he_o must_v rob_v from_o other_o as_o who_o shall_v say_v such_o law_n as_o permit_v vsuror_n be_v lawful_a theevery_n law_n canon_n law_n hereupon_o the_o canonist_n have_v make_v vsuror_n to_o be_v defame_v person_n and_o if_o any_o man_n make_v by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n any_o good_n unto_o they_o the_o testament_n may_v be_v break_v neither_o be_v they_o to_o communicate_v with_o christian_n or_o to_o enter_v into_o their_o congregation_n to_o offer_v any_o oblation_n and_o when_o they_o be_v dead_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v bury_v in_o christian_a burial_n and_o if_o they_o be_v the_o doer_n thereof_o be_v excommunicate_v decretal_n decretal_n decretal_n and_o clementines_n make_v by_o diverse_a pope_n be_v direct_o against_o usury_n alexander_n the_o pope_n do_v straight_o forbid_v all_o usury_n not_o only_o unto_o the_o clergy_n but_o also_o unto_o the_o laiety_n in_o the_o book_n sextus_n decretalium_fw-la gregory_n the_o ten_o bishop_n of_o rome_n of_o that_o name_n say_v we_o be_v desirous_a to_o stop_v the_o gulf_n or_o whirlpool_n of_o usury_n commit_v which_o do_v devour_v soul_n and_o utter_o waste_v wealth_n do_v command_n upon_o the_o threaten_n of_o god_n curse_n that_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o latter_a concile_v set_v forth_o against_o vsuror_n be_v without_o any_o violation_n at_o all_o full_o &_o whole_o observe_v and_o thereupon_o a_o prohibition_n be_v make_v that_o no_o corporation_n college_n or_o university_n shall_v let_v any_o house_n or_o dwell_v place_n to_o any_o strange_a vsuror_n law_n civil_a law_n baldus_n the_o civilian_n speak_v bitter_o against_o vsuror_n in_o his_o book_n of_o counsel_n say_v that_o usury_n be_v a_o gainful_a piracie_n contrary_a to_o nature_n upon_o the_o loan_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o consist_v upon_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n bartolus_n say_v that_o all_o usury_n be_v utter_o forbid_v and_o offensive_a to_o god_n and_o man_n so_o do_v panormitane_n and_o diverse_a other_o learn_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n aristotle_n aristotle_n aristotle_n in_o his_o politics_n say_v that_o such_o money_n as_o bring_v forth_o money_n through_o usury_n be_v a_o ugly_a beast_n that_o bring_v forth_o monster_n from_o time_n to_o time_n such_o as_o be_v not_o in_o nature_n the_o roman_n be_v in_o their_o most_o flourish_a estate_n make_v a_o law_n by_o their_o twelve_o table_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v put_v forth_o money_n upon_o usury_n but_o after_o one_o in_o the_o hundred_o call_v faenus_fw-la unciarium_fw-la whereas_o before_o that_o time_n rich_a man_n may_v take_v at_o their_o pleasure_n afterward_o it_o be_v ordain_v at_o the_o entreat_v of_o the_o tribune_n to_o take_v a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a and_o that_o be_v thirty_o shilling_n in_o one_o hundred_o pound_n after_o that_o it_o come_v to_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o call_v triens_fw-la and_o last_o of_o all_o to_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o call_v semissis_fw-la and_o yet_o all_o these_o alteration_n and_o diversity_n of_o suffer_v in_o usury_n notwithstanding_o law_n genitius_n law_n one_o genitius_n a_o tribune_n publish_v a_o law_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o be_v a_o usurer_n at_o any_o hand_n or_o by_o any_o manner_n of_o mean_n and_o so_o by_o all_o devise_n that_o may_v be_v it_o be_v utter_o forbid_v by_o diverse_a edict_n and_o proclamation_n which_o be_v often_o repress_v do_v yet_o notwithstanding_o break_v out_o by_o wonderful_a strange_a mean_n wherefore_o tiberius_n caesar_n to_o remedy_v this_o evil_a and_o that_o no_o usury_n shall_v be_v use_v he_o cause_v a_o marvelous_a mass_n of_o money_n to_o be_v lay_v in_o bank_n to_o the_o sum_n of_o two_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o crown_n be_v five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n english_a or_o sterling_a and_o take_v order_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v credit_n for_o three_o year_n without_o pay_v any_o usury_n at_o all_o tacitus_n cornelius_n tacitus_n put_v in_o surety_n for_o the_o double_a value_n of_o that_o he_o borrow_v and_o cornelius_n tacitus_n a_o renown_a writer_n say_v the_o canker_n of_o usury_n be_v a_o old_a venomous_a sore_n and_o the_o chief_a head_n and_o cause_n of_o rebellion_n and_o variance_n in_o country_n and_o commonweal_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v altogether_o banish_v in_o the_o old_a time_n when_o least_o corruption_n of_o life_n appear_v among_o man_n lucullus_z so_o hate_v the_o excessive_a deal_n of_o the_o usurer_n that_o whereas_o all_o asia_n be_v overwhelm_v with_o usury_n he_o clear_v the_o same_o utter_o from_o all_o usurer_n and_o so_o do_v cato_n in_o cicilia_n anthoninus_n pius_n alexander_n severus_n claudius_n vespasian_n leo_n emperor_n emperor_n and_o diverse_a other_o emperor_n do_v restrain_v the_o covetousness_n of_o usurer_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o of_o late_a year_n at_o a_o assembly_n at_o augusta_n in_o germany_n do_v conclude_v with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n that_o no_o manner_n of_o contract_n that_o have_v any_o fellowship_n with_o usury_n shall_v be_v allow_v but_o rather_o that_o all_o usury_n shall_v be_v avoid_v for_o ever_o and_o be_v never_o more_o use_v and_o if_o any_o be_v find_v to_o have_v make_v any_o such_o contract_n the_o same_o man_n to_o forfeit_v to_o the_o magistrate_n or_o ordinary_a judge_n the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o principal_a sum_n plato_n the_o philosopher_n warn_v among_o other_o thing_n orator_n philosopher_n and_o orator_n in_o his_o five_o book_n of_o law_n that_o no_o body_n whatsoever_o he_o be_v that_o will_v bear_v the_o face_n of_o a_o honest_a man_n do_v let_v out_o his_o money_n for_o usury_n or_o gain_n the_o like_a say_v cicero_n and_o many_o other_o learned_a philosopher_n and_o orator_n as_o we_o have_v note_v of_o aristotle_n so_o do_v diverse_a lawmaker_n banish_v usury_n lawgivers_n lawgivers_n and_o utter_o suppress_v the_o same_o as_o lycurgus_n in_o sparta_n among_o the_o lacedaemonian_n amasis_n in_o egypt_n solon_n in_o athens_n sergius_n galba_n in_o africa_n be_v governor_n under_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n and_o diverse_a other_o so_o that_o usury_n
their_o will_n and_o testament_n do_v bequeath_v any_o sum_n of_o money_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o pious_a work_n in_o perpetual_a remembrance_n of_o the_o say_a benefactor_n 4_o item_n that_o the_o say_a officer_n shall_v use_v their_o best_a endeavour_n by_o all_o good_a mean_n to_o move_v all_o well_o dispose_v and_o charitable_a person_n to_o be_v giver_n lender_n and_o contributaries_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o say_a stock_n especial_o when_o man_n be_v visit_v with_o sickness_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o their_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n they_o may_v be_v move_v to_o further_a this_o godly_a action_n for_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o for_o ever_o 5_o item_n that_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n for_o the_o time_n be_v may_v have_v yearly_a inspection_n of_o the_o collection_n and_o account_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n at_o a_o day_n by_o he_o to_o be_v appoint_v to_o see_v the_o due_a execution_n and_o administration_n of_o the_o stock_n aforesaid_a 6_o item_n that_o the_o clerk_n and_o other_o officer_n in_o place_n shall_v attend_v the_o say_a house_n from_o six_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n until_o eleven_o and_o from_o two_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n until_o seven_o begin_v yearly_a from_o the_o five_o and_o twentieth_o day_n of_o march_n until_o the_o last_o of_o september_n and_o afterward_o to_o begin_v but_o at_o seven_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o forenoon_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v displace_v 7_o item_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v offer_v to_o pawn_v any_o movable_a thing_n have_v life_n or_o be_v subject_n to_o manifest_a corruption_n or_o pesterable_a ware_n of_o great_a bulk_n but_o only_a thing_n of_o wool_n linen_n silk_n or_o flax_n hemp_n or_o tow_n and_o such_o like_a or_o pewter_n iron_n brass_n or_o any_o other_o matter_n mettaline_a or_o mineral_n or_o of_o gold_n silver_n copper_n or_o precious_a stone_n 8_o item_n that_o all_o pawn_n which_o shall_v be_v pawn_v shall_v be_v take_v as_o sell_v in_o open_a market_n or_o shop_n upon_o the_o condition_n follow_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o lawful_a bringer_n thereof_o and_o so_o shall_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v recover_v of_o the_o say_a officer_n by_o any_o fraudulent_a deal_n 9_o item_n that_o eâ—erie_a person_n if_o he_o will_v shall_v receive_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o value_n of_o his_o pawn_n that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o the_o pawn_n be_v worth_a twenty_o shilling_n he_o shall_v have_v fifteen_o shilling_n and_o so_o after_o the_o rate_n provide_v it_o do_v not_o exceed_v the_o sum_n of_o forty_o shilling_n at_o any_o time_n as_o abovesaid_a 10_o item_n that_o the_o say_a pawn_n shall_v be_v safe_o keep_v for_o the_o time_n that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pawn_v without_o wilful_a detriment_n or_o hurt_n be_v it_o for_o one_o month_n two_o three_o or_o more_o month_n not_o exceed_v the_o time_n of_o one_o year_n without_o new_a licence_n have_v for_o the_o same_o 11_o item_n that_o the_o person_n which_o do_v pawn_v any_o good_n as_o aforesaid_a either_o be_v owner_n or_o put_v in_o trust_n to_o pawn_v the_o same_o shall_v declare_v their_o name_n to_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o journals_n and_o other_o register_n and_o bring_v a_o avoucher_n if_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o suspicion_n that_o the_o party_n be_v felon_n or_o accessary_n of_o felony_n in_o which_o regard_n the_o say_v good_n shall_v be_v stay_v for_o 24_o hour_n to_o see_v whether_o any_o person_n do_v claim_v the_o same_o 12_o item_n that_o every_o person_n which_o do_v pawn_v any_o thing_n shall_v take_v a_o ticket_n contain_v the_o date_n of_o the_o time_n and_o year_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o money_n lend_v with_o the_o private_a mark_n of_o every_o house_n thereby_o to_o redeem_v his_o pawn_n at_o all_o time_n at_o his_o pleasure_n 13_o item_n that_o for_o the_o defray_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o convenient_a house_n recompense_n of_o officer_n and_o man_n wage_n and_o other_o charge_n incident_a for_o the_o due_a execution_n of_o the_o premise_n every_o person_n borrow_v a_o crown_n or_o five_o shilling_n shall_v give_v for_o his_o bill_n or_o ticket_n one_o farthing_n and_o for_o ten_o shilling_n one_o half_a penny_n and_o for_o twenty_o shilling_n one_o penny_n monthly_o and_o for_o a_o great_a or_o small_a sum_n according_o until_o such_o time_n that_o the_o stock_n be_v increase_v to_o such_o a_o competent_a sum_n as_o may_v countervail_v the_o say_a charge_n and_o supply_v the_o necessary_a occasion_n or_o want_n of_o the_o borrower_n to_o be_v declare_v hereafter_o 14_o item_n that_o all_o pawn_n which_o do_v lie_v above_o one_o year_n be_v not_o license_v to_o remain_v for_o long_a time_n shall_v be_v sell_v by_o a_o public_a officer_n in_o open_a outcry_n every_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n the_o say_a officer_n to_o be_v appoint_v and_o swear_v by_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o by_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n at_o westminster_n and_o the_o surplusage_n of_o the_o money_n which_o shall_v be_v make_v more_o of_o the_o say_a pawn_n than_o the_o money_n lend_v thereupon_o after_o charge_n deduct_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o owner_n or_o know_a bringer_n of_o the_o say_a pawn_n or_o to_o their_o heir_n administrator_n or_o assign_n within_o one_o month_n after_o sale_n make_v of_o they_o upon_o demand_n to_o be_v make_v and_o by_o default_n of_o the_o say_a heir_n administrator_n or_o assign_n to_o be_v deliver_v within_o one_o year_n after_o to_o the_o say_a lord_n maior_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o to_o be_v distribute_v by_o their_o wisdom_n to_o the_o poor_a 15_o item_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a unto_o the_o say_a officer_n to_o restore_v to_o the_o right_a owner_n any_o pawn_n which_o have_v be_v felonious_o take_v upon_o sufficient_a proof_n make_v if_o notice_n be_v give_v before_o the_o register_n thereof_o and_o if_o notice_n be_v give_v after_o the_o say_a register_n or_o pawn_n then_o to_o restore_v the_o same_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n borrow_v thereupon_o and_o charge_n 16_o item_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o treasurer_n general_n and_o surveyor_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n or_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n at_o westminster_n under_o their_o hand_n write_v when_o the_o say_a stock_n be_v increase_v to_o a_o great_a sum_n than_o shall_v be_v needful_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n to_o give_v some_o relief_n unto_o such_o prisoner_n as_o be_v commit_v for_o debt_n in_o the_o several_a prison_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n be_v it_o either_o for_o their_o maintenance_n there_o or_o after_o they_o have_v be_v one_o year_n in_o prison_n towards_o the_o composition_n which_o they_o shall_v make_v with_o their_o creditor_n so_o as_o the_o say_a gift_n do_v not_o exceed_v the_o sum_n of_o ten_o pound_n towards_o every_o hundred_o pound_n which_o the_o say_a prisoner_n be_v indebt_v if_o their_o good_a behaviour_n and_o likelihood_n to_o do_v well_o shall_v deserve_v the_o same_o *_o âŽ_o *_o quod_fw-la gratis_n accepimus_fw-la gratis_o damus_fw-la chap._n xiiii_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n the_o act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v usury_n make_v in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n declare_v that_o usury_n be_v forbid_v and_o contrary_a to_o all_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n do_v by_o way_n of_o toleration_n admit_v that_o whosoever_o shall_v deliver_v his_o money_n at_o interest_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n shall_v only_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o lose_v that_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o if_o any_o man_n by_o information_n plaint_n or_o bill_n will_v sue_v for_o the_o same_o but_o if_o it_o be_v above_o that_o rate_n the_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n shall_v lose_v the_o principal_a money_n and_o incur_v other_o penalty_n and_o this_o statute_n may_v be_v plead_v in_o bar_n and_o be_v to_o be_v construe_v against_o he_o direct_o and_o indirect_o wherefore_o all_o man_n deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n must_v be_v very_o careful_a how_o they_o make_v their_o contract_n because_o many_o mistake_n may_v happen_v for_o that_o all_o council_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n be_v not_o good_a arithmetician_n in_o the_o calculation_n of_o this_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o those_o contract_n insomuch_o that_o by_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o contract_n be_v find_v usurious_a and_o to_o exceed_v the_o rate_n be_v not_o only_o void_a ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la but_o the_o principal_a and_o interest_n be_v also_o lose_v this_o statute_n have_v relation_n to_o the_o
eighty_o asper_n every_o asper_n be_v ten_o macharines_n at_o alexandria_n in_o egypt_n they_o account_v by_o ducat_n there_o be_v ducat_n de_fw-fr pargo_n make_v three_o ducat_n of_o venice_n pargo_n ducat_n de_fw-fr pargo_n also_o italian_a ducat_n of_o thirty_o and_o five_o maid_n and_o the_o venice_n ducat_n be_v better_a and_o make_v forty_o maid_n scot_n mark_v scot_n at_o edinburgh_n in_o scotland_n exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o mark_n piece_n of_o silver_n which_o be_v value_v in_o england_n at_o 13_o ½_n penny_n be_v otherwise_o 13⅓_n penny_n or_o thirteen_o shilling_n four_o penny_n scot_n so_o one_o mark_n and_o a_o half_a scot_n be_v twenty_o shilling_n scot_n and_o twenty_o penny_n sterling_a be_v one_o pound_n scottish_a scot_n pound_v scot_n which_o be_v twelve_o to_o one_o the_o 18_o piece_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n be_v by_o the_o say_a valuation_n twenty_o shilling_n three_o penny_n and_o the_o taker_n up_o of_o the_o money_n at_o london_n pay_v for_o twelve_o penny_n the_o say_a mark_n of_o 13_o ⅓_n penny_n at_o two_o or_o three_o month_n time_n in_o scotland_n as_o they_o can_v agree_v irish._n pound_n irish._n at_o dublin_n in_o ireland_n the_o fifteen_o shilling_n sterling_a be_v one_o pound_n irish_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v with_o allowance_n of_o six_o penny_n or_o eight_o penny_n upon_o every_o pound_n payable_a at_o london_n and_o for_o want_v of_o a_o mint_n no_o bullion_n be_v import_v thither_o and_o exchange_n be_v divert_v into_o other_o part_n at_o london_n all_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o twelve_o penny_n to_o the_o shilling_n for_o germany_n sterling_a pound_n sterling_a the_o low-countries_n and_o other_o place_n of_o traffic_n and_o for_o france_n upon_o the_o french_a crown_n for_o italy_n and_o spain_n and_o other_o place_n upon_o the_o ducat_n or_o for_o the_o doller_n and_o florin_n in_o some_o place_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n whereof_o more_o particular_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n chap._n four_o of_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o the_o term_n of_o art_n use_v therein_o the_o discrepance_n of_o time_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n or_o place_n where_o the_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v wherein_o we_o may_v consider_v three_o kind_n of_o diversity_n call_v by_o the_o term_n of_o art_n in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n at_o sight_n usance_n and_o double_a usance_n or_o treble_a the_o take_n and_o deliver_v money_n at_o sight_n sight_n at_o sight_n bind_v the_o taker_n up_o of_o the_o money_n to_o give_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n direct_v upon_o his_o friend_n factor_n or_o servant_n in_o any_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o pay_v upon_o sight_n of_o it_o or_o within_o three_o four_o or_o more_o day_n so_o much_o money_n as_o have_v be_v take_v up_o by_o he_o after_o such_o a_o rate_n the_o pound_n doller_n ducat_n or_o crown_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o between_o they_o in_o foreign_a coin_n either_o according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n or_o currant_n money_n for_o merchandise_n which_o be_v more_o ordinary_a because_o merchant_n will_v admit_v sometime_o to_o receive_v some_o coin_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n than_o they_o be_v value_v upon_o occasion_n that_o some_o species_n be_v require_v for_o transportation_n or_o some_o other_o use_n to_o make_v payment_n estate_n policy_n of_o estate_n which_o toleration_n be_v by_o authority_n many_o time_n suffer_v to_o draw_v money_n unto_o their_o place_n of_o jurisdiction_n herein_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a at_o so_o many_o day_n sight_n that_o the_o number_n of_o day_n must_v be_v express_v in_o the_o bill_n or_o bill_n for_o common_o there_o be_v make_v three_o bill_n of_o one_o tenor_n for_o every_o sum_n of_o money_n take_v up_o because_o if_o one_o bill_n be_v lose_v the_o other_o may_v serve_v in_o place_n the_o second_o time_n of_o payment_n call_v usance_n usance_n at_o usance_n which_o be_v either_o the_o time_n of_o one_o month_n two_o or_o three_o month_n after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o hereafter_o be_v declare_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n where_o these_o exchange_n do_v run_v according_a to_o which_o time_n the_o party_n upon_o who_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v direct_v be_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o unless_o there_o be_v good_a cause_n to_o the_o contrary_a as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o usance_n double_a usance_n and_o treble_a usance_n the_o three_o time_n of_o payment_n call_v double_a usance_n be_v either_o two_o or_o more_o month_n or_o always_o double_a the_o time_n of_o the_o usance_n respect_v by_o custom_n the_o course_n thereof_o and_o many_o time_n exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o half_a usance_n which_o be_v fifteen_o day_n but_o consider_v the_o wind_n and_o other_o hindrance_n it_o be_v better_a to_o limit_v the_o day_n after_o sight_n in_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o to_o send_v the_o same_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n with_o a_o letter_n of_o advice_n which_o the_o taker_n of_o money_n common_o do_v deliver_v with_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n whereunto_o the_o bill_n make_v also_o relation_n and_o treble_a usance_n be_v according_o mart_n payment_n in_o fair_n or_o mart_n there_o be_v another_o time_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o exchange_n where_o great_a payment_n be_v make_v as_o in_o fair_n or_o mart_n as_o at_o madrill_n and_o medina_n del_fw-it campo_n by_o three_o ferias_fw-la in_o the_o year_n at_o lion_n by_o four_o payment_n yearly_a and_o at_o frankford_n twice_o every_o year_n etc._n etc._n the_o difference_n of_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n do_v alter_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o the_o time_n common_o after_o twelve_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o year_n so_o between_o the_o pound_n sterling_a exchange_v for_o the_o low-countries_n at_o sight_n and_o usance_n be_v between_o four_o and_o five_o penny_n and_o double_a usance_n and_o usance_n six_o or_o seven_o penny_n which_o ordinary_o be_v account_v to_o be_v but_o four_o penny_n after_o 10_o pro_fw-la 100_o but_o for_o the_o fair_n and_o mart_n it_o be_v very_o uncertain_a because_o the_o payment_n be_v all_o at_o one_o time_n and_o the_o near_o the_o fair_n be_v at_o hand_n exchange_n consideration_n in_o exchange_n the_o more_o shall_v the_o taker_n up_o of_o the_o money_n save_v by_o pay_v less_o interest_n because_o he_o have_v not_o have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o money_n from_o the_o beginning_n that_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o the_o fair_n which_o in_o questionable_a matter_n be_v very_o considerable_a usance_n from_o london_n to_o and_o from_o middleborough_n amsterdam_n antuerpe_n bridges_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o low-countries_n be_v one_o month_n time_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o double_a usance_n be_v two_o month_n usance_n for_o hamborough_n be_v two_o month_n and_o for_o venice_n three_o month_n usance_n from_o antuerp_n to_o rome_n be_v two_o month_n and_o from_o lion_n to_o rome_n one_o month_n usance_n from_o antuerp_n to_o venice_n be_v two_o month_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o bank_n usance_n at_o florence_n be_v two_o month_n and_o from_o florence_n to_o london_n three_o month_n usance_n from_o genoa_n to_o rome_n and_o naples_n be_v ten_o day_n sight_n and_o for_o palermo_n and_o antuerp_n be_v two_o month_n by_o ordinary_a observation_n and_o so_o be_v luca_n from_o naples_n to_o antuerp_n be_v two_o month_n and_o the_o like_a for_o palermo_n usance_n for_o rouen_n and_o paris_n be_v one_o month_n but_o common_o at_o three_o week_n sight_n from_o antuerp_n and_o london_n to_o seville_a be_v two_o month_n castille_n payment_n be_v in_o three_o bank_n and_o ferias_fw-la de_fw-fr villalon_n medina_n del_fw-it campo_n and_o medina_n del_fw-it rio_n sicco_fw-it but_o many_o time_n prolong_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n usance_n from_o lixborne_a to_o london_n and_o antuerp_n be_v two_o month_n which_o merchant_n be_v to_o know_v because_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v not_o declare_v the_o same_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o nature_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v so_o noble_a and_o excel_a all_o other_o deal_n between_o merchant_n that_o the_o proceed_n therein_o be_v extraordinary_a and_o singular_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o any_o prescription_n by_o law_n or_o otherwise_o but_o mere_o subsist_v of_o a_o reverend_a custom_n use_v and_o solemnize_v concern_v the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a declaration_n whereof_o let_v we_o set_v down_o the_o form_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n from_o
according_a to_o the_o say_a custom_n if_o he_o be_v a_o substantial_a man_n of_o credit_n and_o reputation_n for_o although_o the_o say_v c._n d._n be_v the_o first_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n unto_o a._n b._n by_o the_o thousand_o ducat_n for_o venice_n and_o may_v allege_v that_o he_o receive_v no_o money_n of_o he_o but_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o venice_n whereof_o he_o have_v no_o advice_n whether_o it_o be_v accept_v or_o not_o yet_o such_o be_v the_o precise_a and_o commendable_a custom_n use_v in_o exchange_n that_o he_o may_v not_o stand_v upon_o any_o evasion_n or_o allegation_n which_o may_v interrupt_v the_o say_a course_n without_o manifest_a discredit_n unto_o he_o unless_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o doubt_n that_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n of_o a._n b._n shall_v not_o be_v accomplish_v at_o venice_n neither_o may_v a._n b._n without_o discredit_n countermand_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o thousand_o ducat_n at_o venice_n unless_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n 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with_o the_o stream_n can_v make_v their_o exchange_n beneficial_a unto_o themselves_o and_o that_o without_o stock_n or_o capital_a of_o their_o own_o but_o mere_o by_o take_v up_o money_n for_o one_o place_n and_o deliver_v the_o same_o for_o another_o place_n at_o a_o undervalue_v in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n send_v many_o time_n the_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la which_o have_v be_v take_v up_o by_o exchange_n when_o the_o same_o do_v yield_v more_o than_o the_o price_n at_o which_o they_o take_v up_o the_o same_o as_o in_o our_o precedent_a treatise_n have_v be_v declare_v more_o ample_o this_o orderly_a course_n of_o payment_n or_o satisfaction_n to_o be_v make_v for_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v admit_v no_o rescounter_n or_o stoppage_n but_o voluntary_a voluntary_a rescounter_v in_o exchange_n be_v voluntary_a that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o i_o owe_v you_o one_o hundred_o pound_n by_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n by_o i_o accept_v and_o within_o three_o or_o four_o day_n you_o shall_v owe_v i_o the_o like_o hundred_o pound_n for_o another_o bill_n of_o exchange_n by_o you_o accept_v i_o can_v rescounter_v these_o payment_n to_o answer_v each_o other_o unless_o you_o condescend_v thereunto_o although_o the_o money_n be_v due_a to_o be_v pay_v but_o every_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v to_o be_v answer_v and_o pay_v in_o his_o proper_a nature_n for_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o some_o countermand_n be_v make_v by_o he_o that_o cause_v this_o money_n to_o be_v make_v over_o unto_o you_o before_o you_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o say_a bill_n which_o for_o some_o cause_n you_o be_v to_o conceal_v for_o a_o time_n you_o be_v for_o all_o that_o to_o be_v pay_v of_o your_o hundred_o pound_n or_o the_o diligence_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o be_v do_v herein_o be_v both_o way_n to_o be_v observe_v according_o but_o when_o it_o be_v do_v by_o voluntary_a consent_n and_o agreement_n then_o be_v it_o questionless_a for_o voluntas_fw-la est_fw-la mensura_fw-la actionum_fw-la etc._n will_n do_v regulate_v action_n etc._n etc._n the_o will_n do_v regulate_v the_o action_n and_o if_o any_o factor_n do_v the_o same_o for_o another_o man_n account_n without_o commission_n he_o shall_v be_v answerable_a for_o it_o as_o before_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o title_n of_o factor_n and_o servant_n and_o the_o commission_n give_v unto_o they_o for_o the_o better_a explanation_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n take_v up_o for_o one_o place_n and_o deliver_v again_o for_o another_o place_n let_v we_o observe_v this_o example_n ten_o thousand_o ducat_n be_v take_v up_o at_o antuerp_n for_o venice_n at_o usance_n of_o two_o month_n at_o several_a price_n of_o 113_o ½_n penny_n 114_o penny_n and_o 115_o ½_n penny_n for_o the_o ducat_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la or_o one_o with_o another_o at_o 115_o penny_n make_v flemish_a money_n r._n 4791_o 13_o 4_o these_o r._n 4791_o 13_o 4_o money_n example_n of_o exchange_n and_o rechange_n of_o money_n be_v make_v over_o for_o london_n at_o usance_n be_v one_o month_n at_o diverse_a price_n whereof_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v 32_o shilling_n four_o penny_n and_o make_v 2875_o will_v 0_o ss_z 0_o do_v these_o r._n 2875_o sterling_a be_v receive_v and_o factoridge_n brokeridge_n and_o port_n of_o letter_n deduct_v remain_v 2860_o will_v which_o be_v make_v over_o for_o antuerp_n again_o at_o several_a price_n and_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v 34_o ss_z 2_o ½_n d._n 4894_o will_v 15_o 10_o the_o ten_o thousand_o ducat_n at_o venice_n be_v take_v up_o for_o frankford_n at_o 130_o florin_n of_o 65_o creutzer_n for_o 100_o ducat_n whereunto_o factoridge_n and_o brokeridge_n add_v it_o amount_v to_o 13130_o dollar_n or_o florin_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n and_o with_o brokeridge_n and_o factoridge_n at_o frankford_n be_v florin_n 13260_o flo._n 0_o ss_z 0_o do_v the_o 4894_o 15_o 10_o flemish_n receive_v in_o antuerp_n be_v make_v over_o for_o madrill_n in_o spain_n at_o diverse_a price_n whereof_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v 106_o penny_n for_o a_o ducat_n of_o 375_o maluedeis_fw-la to_o be_v pay_v in_o bank_n at_o four_o month_n time_n with_o five_o upon_o the_o thousand_o and_o make_v ducat_n 11132_o duc._n 12_o ss_z 6_o d_o these_o 11132_o ducat_n twelve_o shilling_n six_o penny_n of_o a_o ducat_n be_v make_v over_o from_o madrill_n to_o lixborne_n in_o portugal_n and_o deduct_v factoridge_n and_o brokeridge_n there_o remain_v 11010_o ducat_n of_o 440_o reas_n for_o every_o ducat_n of_o 375_o maluedeis_fw-la or_o 11_o ryalls_z be_v 4844_o u_o 620_o vlas_n and_o ducat_n 12111_o duc._n 11_o ss_z 0_o do_v these_o 12111_o ducat_n or_o crusat_n of_o lixborne_n make_v over_o to_o antuerp_n factoridge_n and_o brokeridge_n deduct_v remain_v 11990_o ducat_n at_o 98_o penny_n flemish_n every_o ducat_n or_o crusat_n be_v flemish_n r._n 4895_o 18_o 4_o the_o 13260_o florin_n of_o frankford_n take_v up_o for_o antuerp_n at_o 81_o penny_n r._n 4530_o 10_o 0_o  _fw-fr r._n 365_o 8_o 4_o these_o money_n pay_v brokeridge_n and_o factoridge_n for_o venice_n and_o deliver_v for_o london_n and_o for_o madrill_n 38_o two_o 4_o which_o must_v be_v deduct_v r._n 38_o 2_o 4_o so_o there_o be_v advance_v by_o industry_n with_o other_o man_n money_n r._n 327_o 6_o 0_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o feat_n of_o banker_n perform_v by_o exchange_n we_o have_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o book_n make_v a_o description_n of_o bank_n and_o banker_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o payment_n and_o exchange_n make_v in_o bank_n for_o commodity_n buy_v and_o sell_v and_o have_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n declare_v the_o four_o manner_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n by_o denomination_n of_o it_o to_o be_v the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n let_v we_o now_o entreat_v of_o the_o feat_n of_o banker_n some_o man_n of_o judgement_n have_v find_v my_o writing_n
to_o be_v invective_n and_o pathetical_a against_o banker_n wherein_o they_o be_v not_o mistake_v commonweal_n bank_n be_v incompatible_a in_o commonweal_n for_o the_o use_n of_o bank_n unless_o they_o be_v countermine_v by_o other_o bank_n be_v not_o to_o be_v suffer_v in_o any_o well_o order_v commonwealth_n as_o time_n will_v manifest_v more_o and_o more_o the_o french_a king_n lewis_n the_o nine_o and_o philip_n the_o fair_a do_v with_o great_a cause_n confiscate_v the_o banker_n good_n and_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o their_o debt_n order_v their_o subject_n to_o pay_v only_o the_o principal_a money_n into_o their_o treasury_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_fw-fr do_v the_o like_a and_o indict_v they_o as_o cousener_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n rep._n bodin_n de_fw-fr rep._n with_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a they_o have_v accumulate_v and_o get_v above_o two_o million_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n other_o 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servant_n be_v limit_v to_o deal_v honest_o with_o all_o man_n but_o because_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o please_v man_n humour_n in_o the_o reformation_n of_o abuse_n which_o either_o for_o gain_v some_o will_v have_v to_o continue_v or_o other_o through_o ignorance_n do_v not_o understand_v therefore_o be_v there_o another_o mean_n propound_v as_o you_o see_v by_o this_o discourse_n now_o come_v to_o the_o feat_n of_o banker_n it_o be_v not_o since_o yeasterday_o that_o the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v much_o less_o by_o i_o invent_v but_o in_o the_o year_n 1576_o the_o wise_a and_o famous_a council_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v examine_v by_o discreet_a person_n who_o do_v make_v report_n thereof_o albeit_o they_o miss_v of_o the_o remedy_n and_o they_o do_v distinguish_v the_o manner_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v threefold_a viz._n for_o the_o banker_n private_a gain_n and_o benefit_n to_o lay_v their_o money_n with_o gain_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o any_o exchange_n lie_v to_o gain_v and_o wax_v rich_a and_o never_o meddle_v with_o any_o prince_n commodity_n to_o buy_v any_o prince_n commodity_n and_o never_o bring_v penny_n or_o pennieworth_n into_o the_o realm_n but_o do_v it_o with_o the_o subject_n money_n to_o grow_v rich_a and_o live_v without_o adventure_n at_o the_o sea_n or_o travail_n to_o do_v great_a feat_n have_v credit_n and_o yet_o to_o be_v nought_o worth_a to_o understand_v whether_o in_o conjecture_v their_o money_n employ_v on_o exchange_n or_o buy_v of_o ware_n will_v be_v more_o profit_n to_o know_v certain_o whether_o and_o what_o the_o merchant_n gain_n upon_o their_o ware_n they_o sell_v and_o buy_v to_o live_v and_o increase_v upon_o every_o prince_n subject_n that_o continual_o take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o whether_o they_o gain_v or_o no._n ☞_o to_o wind_n out_o every_o prince_n treasure_n out_o of_o his_o realm_n who_o subject_n bring_v in_o more_o ware_n than_o they_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n to_o make_v the_o staple_n of_o money_n run_v thither_o where_o the_o rich_a prince_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v bring_v and_o pay_v for_o it_o to_o unfurnish_v the_o poor_a prince_n of_o his_o provision_n of_o money_n that_o keep_v his_o ware_n upon_o interest_n money_n if_o the_o enemy_n will_v seek_v it_o to_o furnish_v their_o need_n of_o money_n that_o tarry_v the_o sell_n of_o their_o ware_n in_o any_o contract_n until_o they_o make_v they_o come_v to_o their_o price_n to_o take_v up_o money_n to_o engross_v any_o commodity_n either_o new_a come_v or_o whereof_o they_o have_v some_o store_n to_o bring_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o that_o commodity_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n to_o sell_v both_o at_o their_o pleasure_n for_o the_o advance_v of_o one_o commonwealth_n above_o all_o other_o commonweal_n to_o hide_v their_o carry_v away_o of_o any_o prince_n money_n to_o fetch_v away_o any_o prince_n fine_a money_n with_o his_o own_o or_o any_o other_o prince_n base_a money_n to_o take_v up_o prince_n base_a money_n and_o to_o turn_v into_o his_o fine_a money_n and_o to_o pay_v the_o deliverer_n with_o his_o own_o and_o gain_v too_o to_o get_v upon_o credit_n into_o their_o hand_n for_o a_o time_n all_o the_o merchant_n money_n that_o will_v be_v deliver_v and_o pay_v they_o with_o their_o own_o and_o gain_v too_o ☞_o ☞_o to_o make_v the_o realm_n gain_v of_o all_o other_o realm_n who_o subject_n live_v most_o by_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o sell_v yearly_a the_o overplus_n into_o the_o world_n and_o both_o occupy_v that_o increase_n yearly_a and_o also_o their_o old_a store_n of_o treasure_n upon_o exchange_n to_o undo_v realm_n and_o prince_n that_o look_v not_o to_o their_o commonwealth_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d when_o the_o merchant_n wealth_n in_o such_o and_o the_o great_a house_n of_o one_o country_n conspire_v together_o so_o to_o rule_v the_o exchange_n that_o when_o they_o will_v be_v deliverer_n they_o will_v receive_v in_o another_o place_n above_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n deliver_v and_o when_o they_o will_v be_v taker_n they_o will_v pay_v the_o same_o in_o another_o place_n under_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n take_v up_o to_o get_v ready_a money_n to_o buy_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v offer_v cheap_a to_o compass_v ready_a money_n to_o get_v any_o offer_a bargain_n out_o of_o another_o hand_n and_o so_o by_o outbid_v the_o other_o oftentimes_o to_o raise_v the_o ware_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o get_v a_o part_n and_o sometime_o all_o his_o gain_n that_o employ_v money_n take_v up_o by_o exchange_n in_o ware_n and_o so_o make_v other_o travel_v for_o their_o gain_n to_o keep_v prince_n for_o have_v any_o custom_n subsidy_n or_o tax_n upon_o their_o money_n as_o they_o employ_v it_o not_o to_o value_v just_o any_o ware_n they_o carry_v into_o any_o country_n by_o set_v they_o at_o that_o value_n 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ticket_n in_o write_v every_o man_n do_v deliver_v his_o opinion_n what_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o all_o place_n then_o exchange_v for_o the_o next_o fair_a or_o time_n of_o payment_n and_o according_a to_o the_o same_o the_o calculation_n be_v cast_v up_o by_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v medium_fw-la exchange_n cast_v up_o by_o the_o medium_fw-la if_o there_o be_v seven_o or_o more_o voice_n or_o ticket_n the_o say_v seven_o be_v add_v together_o and_o the_o seven_o part_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la if_o there_o be_v ten_o than_o the_o same_o be_v cast_v up_o the_o ten_o part_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la and_o so_o for_o great_a or_o lesser_a number_n according_o but_o these_o man_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o banker_n observation_n for_o they_o all_o know_v how_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n lie_v by_o exchange_n and_o they_o concur_v in_o make_v
rate_n according_a to_o which_o calculation_n the_o say_v royal_a of_o eight_o be_v by_o we_o receive_v at_o five_o shilling_n and_o two_o penny_n which_o be_v but_o four_o shilling_n 2_o ½_n penny_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o difference_n be_v fifteen_o upon_o the_o hundred_o in_o less_o than_o two_o month_n time_n add_v hereunto_o the_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o to_o be_v have_v by_o the_o say_v royal_n of_o eight_o that_o the_o same_o be_v better_o in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n than_o our_o six_o penny_n sterling_a which_o be_v take_v to_o answer_v the_o say_v royal_a by_o a_o common_a calculation_n by_o reason_n whereof_o there_o will_v be_v give_v so_o much_o in_o his_o majesty_n mint_n or_o thereabouts_o that_o be_v to_o say_v four_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n or_o at_o the_o least_o four_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n ½_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o five_o shilling_n sterling_a for_o a_o ounce_n of_o that_o standard_n so_o together_o be_v twenty_o five_o upon_o the_o hundred_o benefit_n 1622._o a_o treatise_n of_o free_a trade_n 1622._o which_o cause_v a_o merchant_n adventurer_n to_o set_v down_o in_o print_v a_o interrogation_n in_o this_o manner_n who_o will_v procure_v licence_n in_o spain_n to_o bring_v real_n into_o england_n to_o sell_v they_o here_o at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o gain_n which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o exchange_n from_o thence_o will_v yield_v when_o he_o may_v have_v for_o the_o same_o 25_o in_o the_o 100_o in_o holland_n a_o matter_n whereby_o merchant_n be_v easy_o induce_v to_o divert_v the_o say_a royal_n from_o the_o realm_n to_o those_o and_o other_o country_n and_o by_o the_o common_a understanding_n to_o remedy_v the_o same_o it_o be_v think_v there_o be_v no_o mean_n to_o meet_v with_o foreign_a nation_n in_o the_o inhance_a of_o money_n but_o we_o must_v do_v the_o like_a albeit_o experience_n have_v show_v long_o since_o that_o this_o be_v not_o effectual_a nor_o any_o true_a remedy_n now_o if_o we_o will_v consider_v thing_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n aforesaid_a it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o the_o say_v fifteen_o upon_o the_o hundred_o gain_n more_o than_o in_o england_n be_v but_o imaginary_a if_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n be_v reform_v for_o let_v five_o of_o these_o royal_n of_o eight_o be_v buy_v in_o england_n for_o twenty_o two_o shilling_n and_o be_v transport_v into_o holland_n and_o there_o buy_v commodity_n with_o the_o same_o which_o be_v according_a as_o the_o price_n of_o they_o be_v enhance_v for_o as_o the_o money_n rise_v in_o price_n so_o do_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n it_o may_v fall_v out_o the_o say_a merchant_n shall_v become_v loser_n by_o the_o commodity_n so_o that_o the_o same_o can_v be_v term_v causa_fw-la movens_fw-la but_o the_o spanish_a merchant_n which_o cause_n their_o royal_n to_o be_v send_v into_o holland_n or_o zealand_n from_o spain_n or_o from_o the_o down_n rely_v whole_o upon_o the_o low-exchange_n whereby_o they_o be_v enable_v to_o deliver_v there_o their_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o a_o undervalue_v at_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n flemish_n and_o under_o for_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a whereby_o the_o kingdom_n make_v good_a unto_o they_o the_o say_v fifteen_o upon_o the_o hundred_o consist_v between_o the_o price_n of_o forty_o two_o stiver_n and_o fifty_o one_o stiver_n which_o be_v almost_o eighteen_o pro_fw-la hundred_o if_o the_o royal_a go_v but_o for_o fifty_o stiver_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n so_o that_o if_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v according_o which_o will_v be_v above_o thirty_o seven_o shilling_n six_o penny_n this_o gain_n will_v not_o be_v at_o all_o and_o money_n will_v be_v import_v unto_o we_o and_o not_o export_v for_o the_o rule_n be_v infallable_n exchange_n a_o maxim_n in_o exchange_n that_o when_o the_o exchange_n answer_v the_o true_a value_n of_o money_n according_a to_o their_o intrinsicke_a weight_n and_o fineness_n and_o their_o extrinsicke_a valuation_n they_o be_v never_o export_v because_o the_o say_a gain_n be_v answer_v by_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o transportation_n to_o make_v this_o evident_a in_o the_o rickx_n doller_n which_o be_v the_o main_a and_o most_o usual_a coin_n in_o germany_n eastland_n the_o unite_a and_o reconcile_v low-countries_n before_o their_o late_a proclamation_n and_o currant_n in_o many_o other_o country_n observe_v we_o that_o the_o say_v doller_n be_v value_v at_o two_o mark_n lubish_n 1575._o a_o shilling_n lubish_n and_o a_o stiver_n flemish_n be_v all_o one_o 1575._o every_o mark_n be_v sixteen_o shilling_n lubish_n or_o sixteen_o stiver_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1575._o the_o say_a rickx_n doller_n be_v still_o coin_a in_o the_o empire_n for_o thirty_o two_o shilling_n or_o stiver_n and_o so_o currant_n by_o valuation_n in_o the_o low-countries_n whereby_o they_o be_v all_o one_o in_o denomination_n and_o effect_n but_o the_o war_n in_o the_o low-countries_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o inhance_a of_o this_o doller_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o thirty_o five_o stiver_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1586_o to_o forty_o five_o stiver_n or_o to_o fifty_o two_o stiver_n now_o by_o intermissive_a valuation_n and_o time_n howbeit_o at_o hamborough_n stoade_n and_o other_o place_n in_o germany_n the_o say_a doller_n do_v remain_v still_o at_o thirty_o two_o shilling_n lubish_n or_o two_o mark_n and_o as_o the_o say_v doller_n do_v enhance_v in_o price_n so_o do_v they_o in_o the_o low-countries_n coin_v new_a stiver_n according_o sometime_o light_a in_o weight_n fallacy_n a_o great_a fallacy_n and_o at_o other_o time_n embase_v by_o copper_n or_o alloy_n and_o yet_o in_o account_n the_o stiver_n do_v and_o do_v remain_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o their_o money_n but_o the_o say_v doller_n hold_v his_o standard_n agreeable_a to_o the_o first_o doller_n call_v the_o burgundian_n doller_n with_o saint_n andrew_n cross_n coin_a in_o the_o year_n 1567._o which_o be_v in_o fineness_n ten_o ounce_n twelve_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o four_o and_o one_o half_a of_o these_o dollar_n be_v make_v equivolent_a to_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a as_o a_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o the_o low-countries_n germany_n and_o other_o place_n where_o this_o doller_n go_v currant_n as_o you_o may_v observe_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n these_o dollar_n have_v since_o be_v imitate_v and_o make_v by_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o their_o several_a mint_n alter_v only_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o several_a province_n as_o also_o by_o the_o archduke_n albertus_n in_o the_o reconcile_a low_a province_n and_o the_o price_n of_o they_o at_o hamborough_n stoad_n and_o other_o place_n be_v but_o advance_v to_o one_o stiver_n or_o shilling_n lubish_n more_o that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n lubish_n go_v the_o same_o go_v in_o the_o low-countries_n for_o forty_o five_o stiver_n which_o make_v the_o diversity_n of_o the_o say_v par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n of_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n for_o the_o low-countries_n and_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n for_o hamborough_n netherlands_o in_o the_o netherlands_o be_v all_o one_o in_o substance_n this_o doller_n be_v since_o that_o time_n as_o i_o say_v enhance_v to_o fifty_o two_o stiver_n in_o the_o low-countries_n which_o make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n above_o thirty_o eight_o shilling_n or_o rather_o thirty_o nine_o shilling_n and_o shall_v the_o kingdom_n suffer_v this_o and_o not_o alter_v our_o price_n of_o exchange_n according_o but_o be_v content_v to_o take_v thirty_o four_o or_o thirty_o five_o shilling_n and_o after_o that_o rate_n undersell_v all_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n germany_n in_o germany_n this_o doller_n be_v likewise_o since_o that_o time_n more_o enhance_v in_o germany_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o leave_v the_o excessive_a valuation_n in_o remote_a place_n let_v we_o note_v the_o valuation_n of_o hamborough_n where_o it_o have_v be_v at_o fifty_o four_o stiver_n the_o doller_n which_o make_v the_o exchange_n above_o forty_o shilling_n of_o their_o money_n for_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o although_o we_o have_v raise_v our_o price_n of_o exchange_n from_o twenty_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n to_o thirty_o five_o shilling_n and_o thereabouts_o shall_v we_o rest_v here_o and_o go_v no_o further_o have_v we_o reason_n to_o do_v it_o in_o part_n and_o not_o in_o the_o whole_a according_a to_o justice_n equity_n and_o true_a policy_n and_o shall_v we_o be_v like_o a_o man_n that_o by_o halt_v in_o jest_n become_v lame_a in_o earnest_n absic_n ignorantia_fw-la the_o money_n in_o christendom_n which_o have_v their_o ebb_a and_o flow_v do_v show_v their_o operation_n upon_o commodity_n operation_n the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o exchange_n be_v contraty_n in_o operation_n make_v by_o
all_o remedy_n against_o his_o estate_n for_o ever_o the_o consideration_n hereof_o make_v the_o debtor_n to_o retain_v in_o his_o hand_n what_o they_o can_v to_o maintain_v themselves_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o perish_v which_o make_v also_o against_o the_o crditors_n profit_n the_o body_n of_o every_o subject_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n commonwealth_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n and_o every_o subject_n be_v a_o member_n or_o single_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o to_o take_v this_o body_n and_o to_o cast_v the_o same_o into_o prison_n for_o debt_n where_o he_o must_v lie_v rot_v idle_o and_o unprofitable_o all_o the_o day_n of_o his_o life_n and_o die_v miserable_o be_v no_o other_o than_o to_o strip_v and_o rob_v the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o their_o limb_n and_o member_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o service_n and_o endeavour_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o subject_n yearly_a of_o all_o degree_n and_o profession_n to_o do_v service_n to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n which_o number_n of_o prisoner_n exceed_v all_o the_o prisoner_n in_o all_o other_o country_n it_o be_v therefore_o in_o christian_n charity_n wish_v and_o in_o all_o godly_a policy_n desire_v that_o the_o body_n and_o endeavour_n of_o all_o debtor_n may_v be_v free_a from_o imprisonment_n and_o the_o creditor_n recovery_n be_v make_v against_o the_o debtor_n land_n and_o good_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n to_o christian_n charity_n to_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o to_o godly_a policy_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o that_o interim_n the_o relief_n of_o prisoner_n may_v be_v permit_v which_o the_o late_a queen_n elizabeth_n grant_v for_o she_o and_o her_o successor_n in_o the_o 28._o year_n of_o her_o reign_n by_o a_o large_a commission_n record_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n the_o exemplification_n whereof_o be_v by_o all_o prisoner_n for_o debt_n humble_o desire_v many_o other_o reason_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o say_a remonstrance_n invective_n against_o usury_n and_o usuror_n which_o i_o have_v omit_v and_o hereunto_o let_v we_o add_v certain_a observation_n in_o general_a concern_v execution_n the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o mute_a magistrate_n but_o the_o magistrate_n be_v a_o living_n law_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o command_v and_o the_o strength_n of_o command_v be_v in_o the_o constrain_a or_o execute_v of_o the_o law_n which_o belong_v unto_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n the_o consideration_n hereof_o do_v produce_v a_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n whether_o judge_n or_o magistrate_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o a_o time_n or_o term_n of_o life_n the_o often_o change_v of_o they_o being_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o do_v instigate_v man_n to_o accuse_v those_o that_o have_v not_o discharge_v the_o place_n of_o their_o office_n due_o law_n custom_n of_o the_o roman_n about_o execution_n of_o law_n whereby_o wickedness_n be_v not_o only_o punish_v but_o also_o every_o man_n through_o emulation_n do_v endeavour_v himself_o to_o follow_v virtue_n and_o to_o discharge_v the_o place_n of_o his_o call_n beside_o whereas_o virtue_n in_o all_o commonweal_n be_v the_o principal_a point_n whereat_o man_n aim_v and_o whereunto_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v they_o so_o the_o distribution_n of_o office_n be_v a_o reward_n of_o virtue_n which_o can_v be_v do_v to_o many_o when_o they_o be_v give_v in_o perpetuity_n to_o some_o few_o which_o many_o time_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o sedition_n by_o the_o inequal_a distribution_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n in_o some_o commonweal_n officer_n inconvenience_n of_o yearly_a officer_n true_a it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v many_o inconvenience_n if_o the_o officer_n be_v but_o for_o one_o year_n or_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o the_o public_a good_a for_o they_o must_v leave_v their_o place_n before_o they_o know_v the_o duty_n of_o it_o and_o common_o unto_o one_o that_o be_v but_o a_o novice_n in_o the_o place_n whereby_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n fall_v into_o the_o government_n of_o such_o as_o be_v incapable_a thereof_o and_o without_o experience_n and_o if_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o place_n their_o time_n be_v short_a that_o it_o do_v vanish_v away_o in_o feast_n and_o pleasure_n and_o matter_n either_o public_a or_o private_a do_v remain_v undecided_a and_o every_o thing_n protract_v without_o due_a administration_n of_o justice_n beside_o how_o be_v it_o in_o common_a sense_n and_o reason_n possible_a that_o he_o shall_v command_v with_o the_o effectual_a power_n of_o a_o magistrate_n that_o within_o a_o little_a while_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o cipher_n without_o power_n or_o authority_n what_o subject_n will_v yield_v he_o due_a respect_n and_o reverence_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o his_o office_n be_v perpetual_a and_o his_o estate_n assure_v he_o be_v resolve_v bold_o to_o resist_v the_o wicked_a to_o defend_v the_o good_a permanent_a commodity_n have_v by_o judge_n permanent_a to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o oppress_a and_o even_o to_o withstand_v tyrant_n who_o many_o time_n have_v be_v astonish_v to_o see_v the_o constancy_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o justice_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o herein_o be_v the_o common_a law_n excellent_a because_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n be_v authorise_v according_o for_o term_v of_o life_n as_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o place_n require_v and_o be_v also_o choose_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o integrity_n knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o law_n whereof_o they_o be_v the_o ornament_n whereas_o to_o call_v the_o yearly_a judge_n in_o question_n after_o their_o time_n expire_v be_v a_o derogation_n and_o dishonour_n to_o the_o law_n in_o other_o country_n the_o sheriff_n and_o many_o other_o officer_n which_o put_v in_o every_o county_n the_o writ_n commandment_n annual_a subaltern_a officer_n annual_a and_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n in_o execution_n be_v remove_v every_o year_n and_o the_o same_o be_v expire_v they_o may_v be_v call_v to_o account_v to_o answer_v for_o any_o misdemeanour_n commit_v by_o they_o during_o their_o office_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n which_o make_v they_o vigilant_a and_o circumspect_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o place_n which_o they_o supply_v either_o personal_o or_o by_o deputy_n for_o who_o offence_n they_o must_v answer_v this_o authority_n and_o severity_n of_o the_o judge_n therefore_o do_v prevent_v many_o mischief_n put_v a_o fear_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o offender_n of_o the_o law_n by_o the_o rigour_n thereof_o which_o in_o criminal_a case_n be_v call_v by_o some_o cruelty_n but_o the_o merciful_a judge_n be_v more_o to_o be_v blame_v in_o these_o case_n than_o the_o severe_a because_o severity_n make_v man_n to_o be_v obedient_a unto_o the_o law_n whereas_o too_o much_o lenity_n cause_v contempt_n both_o of_o law_n and_o magistrate_n nevertheless_o as_o there_o be_v in_o all_o commonweal_n two_o principal_a point_n which_o the_o magistrate_n be_v to_o consider_v namely_o law_n and_o equity_n so_o the_o execution_n of_o law_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o magistrate_n who_o sometime_o be_v too_o severe_a may_v do_v more_o hurt_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o good_a see_v the_o intention_n of_o those_o that_o make_v the_o law_n good_a law_n intention_n be_v the_o common_a good_a be_v to_o provide_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n salus_fw-la populi_fw-la suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la esto_fw-la this_o may_v be_v say_v especial_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o statute_n law_n whereof_o we_o have_v the_o example_n of_o empson_n and_o dudley_n fresh_a in_o memory_n who_o be_v privy_a councillor_n to_o king_n henry_n 7_o cause_v the_o penal_a law_n to_o be_v strict_o execute_v against_o his_o subject_n whereby_o the_o king_n gather_v much_o treasure_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n which_o be_v much_o displease_v unto_o he_o as_o the_o chronicle_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v record_v because_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o effectual_a to_o cause_v the_o prince_n to_o be_v call_v a_o tyrant_n than_o this_o course_n of_o strict_a execution_n of_o law_n which_o have_v a_o affinity_n with_o the_o say_n of_o nicholas_n machiavelli_n sometime_o secretary_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscanie_n touch_v the_o condition_n of_o man_n in_o general_n it_o be_v miserable_a that_o we_o can_v do_v all_o thing_n machiavelli_n the_o say_n of_o machiavelli_n more_o miserable_a to_o do_v that_o which_o we_o will_v do_v and_o most_o miserable_a to_o do_v that_o which_o we_o can_v do_v informer_n nevertheless_o be_v necessary_a member_n in_o
natural_o and_o lawful_o bear_v within_o this_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v and_o may_v from_o henceforth_o by_o the_o same_o authority_n be_v enable_v and_o adjudge_v able_a to_o all_o intent_n and_o construction_n to_o demand_v challenge_v ask_v have_v hold_v and_o enjoy_v land_n tenement_n hereditament_n and_o rent_n as_o heir_n or_o heir_n to_o any_o of_o their_o ancestor_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o descent_n remain_v revert_v or_o come_v to_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o by_o any_o other_o lawful_a conveyance_n or_o mean_n whatsoever_o or_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v come_v etc._n etc._n as_o if_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v be_v your_o highness_n natural_a subject_n bear_v and_o to_o hold_v and_o enjoy_v to_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o joint_o and_o several_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o rent_n by_o way_n of_o purchase_n gift_n grant_v or_o otherwise_o of_o any_o person_n or_o person_n to_o all_o construction_n and_o purpose_n as_o though_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v be_v your_o highness_n natural_a bear_v subject_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o from_o henceforth_o may_v and_o shall_v be_v enable_v to_o prosecute_v maintain_v and_o avow_v justify_v and_o defend_v all_o manner_n of_o action_n suit_n plaint_n and_o other_o demand_n whatsoever_o as_o liberal_o frank_o full_o lawful_o sure_o and_o free_o as_o if_o they_o and_o any_o of_o they_o have_v be_v natural_o bear_v within_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n and_o as_o any_o other_o person_n or_o person_n natural_o bear_v within_o the_o same_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a lawful_o do_v any_o act_n law_n statute_n proviso_n custom_n ordinance_n or_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o have_v make_v ordain_v or_o do_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o any_o wise_n notwithstanding_o and_o your_o petitioner_n shall_v daily_o pray_v for_o your_o royal_a majesty_n long_o in_o honour_n and_o most_o safety_n to_o remain_v over_o us._n this_o petition_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n parliament_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o parliament_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o speaker_n of_o the_o parliament_n who_o upon_o the_o second_o read_v in_o the_o commons_o house_n procure_v the_o same_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o certain_a committee_n before_o who_o the_o petitioner_n do_v appear_v and_o after_o examination_n if_o there_o be_v no_o apparent_a cause_n that_o may_v cross_v they_o the_o bill_n be_v return_v into_o the_o parliament_n and_o read_v for_o the_o three_o time_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v of_o all_o act_n and_o then_o it_o be_v carry_v up_o to_o the_o high_a house_n and_o there_o it_o be_v common_o of_o course_n also_o read_v three_o time_n and_o so_o allow_v and_o there_o it_o do_v remain_v until_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o session_n of_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n be_v have_v thereunto_o and_o there_o be_v write_v on_o the_o backside_n or_o within_o these_o word_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n and_o if_o it_o be_v anâ—_n act_n which_o the_o king_n will_v not_o pass_v the_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n write_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr s'aduiser'a_fw-fr which_o be_v a_o clean_a and_o absolute_a refusal_n and_o all_o which_o be_v do_v be_v void_a and_o can_v be_v reviue_v in_o another_o parliament_n without_o to_o begin_v all_o from_o the_o begin_n again_o so_o much_o for_o england_n in_o france_n all_o stranger_n that_o be_v not_o bear_v within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o reside_v or_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o france_n aubeine_fw-fr in_o france_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o right_n of_o aubain_n so_o call_v tanquam_fw-la alibi_n nati_fw-la for_o after_o their_o death_n if_o they_o be_v not_o naturalize_v the_o king_n do_v seize_v upon_o all_o their_o good_n they_o have_v in_o france_n and_o appropriate_v the_o same_o to_o his_o exchequer_n or_o finance_n without_o that_o the_o say_v stranger_n can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o testament_n or_o will_n or_o that_o their_o lawful_a heir_n can_v claim_v the_o same_o howbeit_o they_o may_v give_v they_o and_o dispose_v thereof_o while_o they_o live_v by_o contract_n make_v between_o they_o a_o stranger_n also_o not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n yet_o have_v get_v wealth_n or_o mean_n within_o the_o same_o may_v dispose_v of_o it_o unto_o his_o heir_n and_o other_o although_o they_o be_v stranger_n also_o if_o a_o stranger_n travel_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n shall_v chance_v to_o die_v his_o heir_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o good_n which_o he_o have_v leave_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o decease_n in_o france_n but_o when_o a_o stranger_n take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n then_o may_v he_o get_v wealth_n and_o possession_n within_o the_o realm_n lawful_o and_o free_o which_o letter_n of_o naturalisation_n must_v be_v record_v in_o the_o chamber_n of_o account_n upon_o pain_n of_o a_o penalty_n pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o lawful_a heir_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o say_v possession_n and_o good_n so_o as_o he_o be_v nature_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v give_v by_o will_n or_o testament_n so_o as_o he_o also_o be_v naturalize_v as_o aforesaid_a but_o mounseur_fw-fr papon_n the_o civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o one_o to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o to_o be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o it_o must_v be_v also_o of_o a_o woman_n take_v in_o marriage_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o hereupon_o allege_v a_o arrest_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n whereby_o a_o cousin_n of_o a_o stranger_n decease_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o sister_n because_o the_o cousin_n be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o and_o the_o sister_n do_v not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o be_v bear_v in_o another_o country_n albeit_o she_o cause_v herself_o to_o be_v naturalize_v after_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o brother_n whereof_o the_o court_n have_v no_o regard_n because_o the_o good_n by_o succession_n be_v get_v before_o which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n mounseur_fw-fr banquet_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o frenchman_n be_v depart_v the_o kingdom_n for_o to_o dwell_v in_o another_o country_n that_o his_o good_n present_a and_o to_o come_v do_v appertain_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o will_n or_o testament_n as_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a decree_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n be_v lord_n of_o all_o vacant_a good_n and_o therefore_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o purchase_v their_o quietness_n and_o if_o any_o stranger_n bear_v and_o naturalize_v shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n some_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n upon_o especial_a occasion_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v at_o his_o return_n to_o take_v new_a letter_n of_o naturalisation_n or_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a by_o some_o approbation_n consideration_n a_o observable_a consideration_n and_o herein_o be_v a_o special_a point_n to_o be_v note_v as_o a_o matter_n of_o record_n that_o those_o of_o flanders_n milan_n and_o the_o french_a county_n of_o savoy_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o dwell_v in_o this_o kingdom_n because_o the_o french_a king_n pretend_v that_o the_o say_v country_n be_v they_o and_o be_v never_o alienate_v by_o any_o conseâ—t_n of_o they_o but_o be_v country_n which_o at_o all_o time_n have_v belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n who_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o subject_n to_o be_v true_a and_o loyal_a frenchman_n but_o it_o be_v requisite_a if_o they_o come_v to_o dwell_v and_o inhabit_v within_o the_o realm_n that_o they_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o the_o end_n the_o officer_n do_v not_o molest_v or_o trouble_v they_o by_o the_o premise_n we_o see_v that_o the_o naturalise_v in_o france_n be_v far_o more_o compulsorie_a for_o merchant_n than_o in_o england_n howbeit_o that_o in_o both_o kingdom_n if_o a_o stranger_n naturalize_v after_o many_o year_n that_o he_o have_v inhabit_v the_o same_o be_v desirous_a to_o return_v to_o his_o father-land_n or_o native_a country_n he_o may_v surrender_v his_o letter_n patent_n and_o be_v discharge_v of_o his_o oath_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xiiii_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o seafaring_a cause_n have_v now_o hitherto_o entreat_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n with_o their_o adjunct_n and_o accident_n and_o therein_o observe_v time_n number_n weight_n and_o measure_n as_o also_o the_o three_o simple_n and_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n with_o their_o effect_n and_o property_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v of_o the_o manner_n and_o method_n of_o the_o proceed_n therein_o to_o see_v by_o what_o mean_v they_o be_v determine_v and_o execute_v
peace_n another_o register_n for_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o captain_n and_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o their_o return_n a_o three_o register_n for_o the_o name_n of_o merchant_n passenger_n and_o owner_n which_o the_o master_n ought_v to_o deliver_v up_o to_o have_v they_o enrol_v and_o all_o pilot_n name_n although_o record_v in_o the_o office_n call_v the_o trinity_n house_n ought_v to_o be_v set_v down_o and_o know_v to_o the_o admiral_n clerk_n also_o all_o money_n deliver_v upon_o hazard_n or_o bottomarie_a as_o be_v heretofore_o declare_v call_v foenus_fw-la nauticum_fw-la or_o pecunia_fw-la traiectitia_fw-la now_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o seafaring_a cause_n proceed_v the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n aforesaid_a or_o the_o custom_n write_v and_o if_o the_o debate_n or_o cause_n can_v be_v determine_v thereby_o the_o last_o refuge_n be_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o skilful_a and_o upright_a man_n in_o their_o own_o trade_n but_o all_o this_o must_v be_v do_v as_o the_o law_n say_v velo_n levato_fw-la so_o brief_o and_o summary_o without_o the_o solemnity_n of_o other_o ordinary_a court_n and_o judgement_n only_o look_v to_o god_n and_o the_o truth_n and_o all_o complaint_n to_o be_v end_v instant_o especial_o of_o shipwreck_n for_o it_o be_v a_o cruelty_n to_o vex_v so_o miserable_a person_n with_o tedious_a proceed_n whereupon_o in_o this_o case_n the_o judge_n may_v proceed_v to_o execution_n upon_o every_o interlocutorie_a and_o make_v restitution_n present_o upon_o good_a caution_n to_o be_v give_v to_o satisfy_v the_o appellation_n if_o any_o be_v make_v and_o herein_o there_o be_v a_o further_a privilege_n to_o they_o for_o whereas_o by_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n where_o no_o litiscontestation_n be_v past_a or_o as_o we_o say_v bill_n and_o answer_v depend_v no_o witness_n shall_v be_v receive_v nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la eternam_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la privilege_n extraordinary_a privilege_n ac_fw-la adversario_fw-la ad_fw-la id_fw-la citato_fw-la yet_o in_o shipwreck_n as_o a_o case_n to_o be_v commiserate_v any_o of_o the_o ship-broken-man_n may_v come_v to_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o part_n where_o the_o wreck_n happen_v and_o by_o witness_n bring_v with_o he_o may_v make_v proof_n and_o as_o this_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a privilege_n even_o so_o may_v merchant_n ordinary_o and_o master_n sail_v together_o bear_v witness_v each_o one_o to_o other_o of_o their_o society_n within_o the_o ship_n if_o they_o have_v neither_o to_o lose_v or_o gain_v thereby_o and_o especial_o mariner_n for_o or_o against_o the_o master_n when_o the_o voyage_n be_v end_v privilege_n ordinary_a privilege_n and_o they_o free_a of_o his_o commandment_n for_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o doctor_n when_o truth_n can_v be_v otherwise_o try_v then_o unable_a person_n may_v be_v hear_v and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o trade_n be_v not_o interrupt_v by_o vexation_n of_o quarrelsome_a person_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o not_o only_o the_o common_a caution_n judicio_fw-la sisti_fw-la &_o iudicatum_fw-la solui_fw-la be_v keep_v on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o defendant_n but_o also_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n or_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v find_v caution_n de_fw-fr expensis_fw-la soluendis_fw-la if_o he_o fail_v in_o proof_n likewise_o if_o the_o party_n do_v not_o appear_v to_o defend_v himself_o or_o his_o ship_n after_o three_o citation_n or_o four_o at_o the_o most_o call_v quatuor_fw-la defaltae_fw-la he_o be_v take_v for_o contemptuous_a the_o judge_n may_v ordain_v the_o marshal_n or_o officer_n to_o put_v the_o plaintiff_n in_o possession_n by_o his_o sentence_n or_o primum_fw-la decretum_fw-la provide_v that_o if_o the_o party_n appear_v within_o the_o year_n and_o pay_v the_o cost_n and_o expense_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v and_o hear_v upon_o the_o propriety_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o any_o attachment_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o ship_n or_o good_n it_o shall_v upon_o caution_n give_v summary_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v for_o this_o law_n of_o admiralty_n intend_v nothing_o but_o expedition_n for_o the_o better_a advancement_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xv._o of_o arbitrator_n and_o their_o award_v the_o second_o mean_v or_o rather_o ordinary_a course_n to_o end_v the_o question_n and_o controversy_n arise_v between_o merchant_n be_v by_o way_n of_o arbitrement_n when_o both_o party_n doâ—_n make_v choice_n of_o honest_a man_n to_o end_v their_o cause_n which_o be_v voluntary_a and_o in_o their_o own_o power_n and_o therefore_o call_v arbitrium_fw-la or_o free_a will_n whence_o the_o name_n arbitrator_n be_v derive_v and_o these_o man_n by_o some_o call_v good_a man_n give_v their_o judgement_n by_o award_v according_a to_o equity_n and_o conscience_n observe_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v void_a of_o all_o partiality_n or_o affection_n more_o nor_o less_o to_o the_o one_o than_o 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mere_a stranger_n shall_v upon_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o paper_n prick_v their_o name_n with_o a_o pin_n or_o that_o as_o they_o be_v number_v the_o dice_n shall_v be_v cast_v upon_o they_o according_o by_o the_o number_n other_o put_v their_o name_n in_o several_a paper_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v mingle_v and_o draw_v by_o way_n of_o lot_n by_o a_o indifferent_a person_n which_o course_n may_v be_v think_v allowable_a as_o we_o have_v note_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o divide_n of_o commodity_n by_o lot_n other_o will_v do_v the_o same_o by_o nomination_n of_o they_o and_o draw_v of_o the_o long_a or_o short_a straw_n or_o by_o any_o other_o extraordinary_a mean_n of_o point_v number_v or_o describe_v all_o tend_v to_o one_o end_n to_o have_v indifferency_n and_o that_o partiality_n may_v be_v avoid_v by_o all_o mean_n consideration_n must_v be_v have_v also_o whether_o two_o three_o or_o all_o four_o shall_v have_v authority_n to_o determine_v the_o cause_n seal_n award_v be_v to_o be_v give_v under_o hand_n and_o seal_n if_o they_o can_v to_o be_v do_v within_o a_o limit_v time_n wherein_o their_o award_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v up_o and_o whether_o they_o may_v name_v a_o umpire_n or_o not_o all_o which_o must_v be_v declare_v in_o the_o bond_n of_o compromise_n unless_o the_o question_n be_v only_o upon_o one_o point_n to_o be_v determine_v wherein_o no_o bond_n be_v needful_a but_o by_o way_n of_o assumpsit_fw-la by_o deliver_v a_o piece_n of_o coin_n each_o to_o other_o and_o thereby_o bind_v themselves_o reciprocal_o upon_o the_o penalty_n of_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n it_o be_v end_v and_o the_o say_a penalty_n or_o forfeiture_n by_o assumpsit_fw-la may_v be_v recover_v by_o law_n and_o the_o merchant_n court_n as_o well_o as_o the_o forfeiture_n upon_o bond_n if_o the_o party_n do_v not_o perform_v the_o sentence_n or_o award_n if_o the_o award_n be_v lawful_o make_v award_v five_o point_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o award_v to_o which_o end_n arbitrator_n be_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o five_o point_n follow_v which_o by_o the_o law_n do_v make_v void_a all_o award_v 1_o that_o the_o award_n be_v give_v up_o in_o write_v within_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o the_o bond_n of_o compromise_n make_v between_o the_o party_n 2_o that_o there_o be_v limit_v or_o appoint_v by_o the_o award_n some_o reciprocal_a act_n to_o be_v do_v by_o each_o party_n to_o other_o which_o the_o law_n require_v to_o be_v quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quâ—_n albeit_o never_o so_o small_a 3_o that_o they_o make_v a_o final_a end_n and_o do_v determine_v upon_o all_o the_o point_n or_o difference_n produce_v before_o they_o by_o specification_n or_o otherwise_o if_o they_o be_v require_v so_o to_o do_v and_o authorize_v thereunto_o 4_o that_o they_o do_v not_o award_v any_o of_o the_o party_n to_o do_v or_o perform_v any_o unlawful_a act_n or_o thing_n prohibit_v and_o
all_o merchant_n factor_n and_o all_o other_o of_o what_o nation_n soever_o may_v assemble_v themselves_o in_o the_o same_o twice_o every_o day_n at_o the_o hour_n accustom_v and_o in_o their_o meeting_n shall_v free_o use_v their_o traffic_n and_o pass_v their_o business_n as_o well_o by_o exchange_n as_o otherwise_o not_o only_o in_o the_o same_o place_n exchange_n licence_n to_o exchange_n but_o also_o in_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o within_o the_o liberty_n of_o our_o say_a city_n of_o rouen_n when_o and_o where_o they_o shall_v think_v good_a with_o all_o assurance_n and_o safety_n to_o their_o merchandise_n and_o withal_o those_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n which_o merchant_n trade_v to_o our_o town_n of_o lion_n and_o thoulouze_n do_v enjoy_v and_o use_v according_a to_o the_o grant_n of_o our_o predecessor_n king_n of_o france_n and_o of_o vs._n furthermore_o we_o will_v and_o ordain_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o say_a town_n of_o rouen_n frequent_v the_o same_o place_n shall_v every_o year_n cause_n a_o society_n of_o merchant_n to_o be_v in_o the_o lodge_n of_o the_o say_a bourse_n or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n in_o the_o say_a city_n and_o at_o such_o time_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v good_a in_o which_o meeting_n they_o shall_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o say_a number_n three_o officer_n viz._n a_o prior_n and_o two_o consul_n to_o remain_v â—n_v their_o authority_n for_o one_o year_n and_o so_o yearly_a to_o be_v change_v and_o there_o new_a to_o be_v elect_v according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a form_n of_o most_o voice_n election_n indifferent_a election_n not_o only_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rouen_n but_o also_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v to_o be_v present_a and_o assistant_n in_o the_o say_a election_n which_o election_n and_o nomination_n be_v full_o end_v the_o say_a prior_n aâ—d_a consul_n shall_v have_v present_a power_n in_o they_o to_o take_v knowledge_n &_o to_o give_v judgement_n between_o all_o man_n of_o what_o estate_n quality_n or_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v of_o all_o suit_n controversy_n and_o difference_n touch_v matter_n of_o merchandise_v or_o buy_v and_o sell_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o conseruator_fw-la of_o the_o fair_a at_o lion_n and_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n at_o thoulouze_n do_v as_o well_o for_o obligation_n bill_n of_o debt_n receipt_n blank_n sign_v bill_n of_o exchange_n association_n general_n and_o particular_a association_n answer_v by_o surety_n association_n of_o merchant_n either_o general_a or_o particular_a assurance_n account_n transportation_n bargain_n and_o partenership_n for_o matter_n aforesaid_a or_o any_o thing_n belong_v thereunto_o with_o as_o full_a strength_n and_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n and_o condemnation_n of_o the_o say_a conseruator_n of_o lion_n and_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o thoulouze_n and_o that_o the_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n decree_n and_o ordinance_n commission_n and_o commandment_n of_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n of_o rouen_n by_o speech_n provision_n or_o definitives_n shall_v stand_v in_o as_o much_o force_n and_o effect_n for_o any_o matter_n judicial_o determine_v as_o those_o cause_n which_o the_o conseruator_fw-la of_o lion_n and_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o thoulouze_n and_o other_o of_o our_o judge_n do_v decide_v and_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v execute_v by_o our_o sergeant_n and_o officer_n in_o such_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o behalf_n above_o name_v either_o by_o commit_v to_o prison_n execution_n the_o manner_n of_o execution_n or_o by_o inflict_v severe_a punishment_n if_o it_o be_v so_o decree_v and_o ordain_v and_o to_o that_o end_n shall_v our_o messenger_n and_o officer_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v the_o execution_n our_o gaoler_n and_o keeper_n of_o our_o prison_n shall_v likewise_o be_v bind_v to_o receive_v and_o keep_v all_o such_o prisoner_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o if_o they_o be_v commit_v unto_o they_o by_o our_o abovesaid_a judge_n and_o with_o the_o like_a bond_n and_o penalty_n if_o any_o escape_n happen_v as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o keep_v the_o prisoner_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a judge_n for_o so_o we_o have_v enjoin_v and_o do_v enjoin_v our_o messenger_n and_o other_o officer_n gaoler_n and_o keeper_n of_o prison_n upon_o such_o penalty_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v and_o according_a as_o by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n shall_v be_v set_v down_o and_o declare_v without_o any_o default_n according_a as_o the_o offence_n commit_v shall_v require_v moreover_o we_o have_v permit_v and_o do_v permit_v our_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n to_o take_v unto_o they_o 20_o of_o the_o say_a merchant_n or_o more_o or_o less_o as_o they_o shall_v think_v reasonable_a to_o assist_v they_o in_o their_o proceed_n and_o judgement_n in_o cause_n of_o merchandise_n bill_n of_o exchange_n execution_n aid_v in_o their_o execution_n assurance_n and_o difference_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o to_o cause_v to_o be_v execute_v their_o sentence_n judgement_n and_o ordinance_n of_o pawn_n and_o consignement_n provision_n seize_v of_o good_n and_o all_o their_o other_o condemnations_n sentence_n or_o appointment_n to_o proceed_v therein_o by_o cry_n proclamation_n give_v notice_n to_o themselves_o or_o leave_v notice_n at_o their_o house_n by_o proof_n sale_n dipositing_n delivery_n and_o execution_n definitive_a as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v likewise_o we_o give_v they_o power_n to_o direct_v the_o same_o process_n proceed_n summarie_n proceed_n and_o to_o proceed_v therein_o according_a to_o their_o ordinance_n as_o well_o in_o matter_n summary_o as_o by_o provision_n as_o acknowledgement_n of_o bill_n subscription_n and_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o like_a in_o act_n of_o pawn_n and_o consignement_n by_o one_o only_a fault_n due_o prove_v by_o summon_v the_o person_n at_o his_o house_n or_o fix_v there_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o commission_n or_o process_n in_o all_o place_n where_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v do_v and_o touch_v other_o matter_n where_o two_o default_n shall_v be_v make_v or_o summon_v in_o person_n they_o shall_v proceed_v observe_v and_o keep_v the_o course_n according_a to_o the_o king_n ordinance_n and_o for_o all_o matter_n wherein_o they_o shall_v give_v sentence_n of_o execution_n according_a to_o their_o knowledge_n we_o will_v and_o do_v permit_v they_o as_o aforesaid_a to_o cause_v the_o execution_n to_o pass_v in_o all_o place_n of_o our_o court_n of_o parliament_n at_o rouen_n and_o in_o all_o other_o place_n of_o our_o kingdom_n where_o need_n shall_v require_v without_o any_o disturbance_n or_o let_v to_o be_v do_v by_o any_o of_o our_o judge_n justice_n or_o officer_n either_o against_o they_o or_o their_o deputy_n neither_o shall_v they_o let_v or_o hinder_v any_o summons_n or_o arrest_v exploit_n or_o assignment_n to_o be_v do_v before_o they_o and_o to_o give_v their_o assistance_n in_o all_o cause_n appertain_v to_o their_o knowledge_n touch_v matter_n of_o traffic_n and_o all_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v against_o all_o merchant_n trade_v in_o our_o say_a city_n of_o rouen_n and_o as_o touch_v their_o factor_n dealer_n and_o intermedler_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o they_o be_v send_v by_o they_o into_o diverse_a country_n region_n and_o province_n as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o our_o kingdom_n country_n and_o dominion_n under_o our_o obeisance_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o traffic_n merchandise_v and_o do_v of_o business_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v we_o will_v and_o ordain_v etc._n constraint_n to_o bring_v their_o caâ—â—_n les_fw-fr etc._n etc._n that_o they_o may_v be_v constrain_v to_o bring_v their_o cause_n and_o proof_n for_o all_o matter_n aforesaid_a before_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o that_o shall_v hereafter_o execute_v these_o office_n be_v it_o either_o for_o the_o render_n of_o account_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o part_n or_o of_o whole_a or_o condemnation_n in_o penalty_n or_o other_o condemnation_n for_o amends_n for_o trespass_n and_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v requisite_a concern_v and_o belong_v to_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n according_a as_o they_o shall_v deserve_v whereof_o we_o have_v permit_v they_o and_o do_v give_v they_o power_n to_o use_v the_o form_n even_o as_o the_o say_v conseruator_fw-la at_o lion_n prior_n and_o consul_n of_o thoulouze_n and_o other_o our_o judge_n do_v and_o to_o cause_v execution_n to_o be_v serve_v on_o the_o offender_n either_o by_o arrest_n attachment_n of_o good_n and_o sale_n thereof_o or_o by_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o party_n condemn_v judge_n prohibition_n to_o other_o judge_n even_o as_o they_o shall_v think_v good_a inhibit_v all_o our_o judge_n to_o presume_v to_o take_v knowledge_n of_o any_o matter_n or_o plea_n thereunto_o belong_v which_o our_o command_n we_o will_v be_v notify_v unto_o they_o and_o unto_o who_o it_o shall_v
have_v hereunto_o cause_v our_o seal_n to_o be_v put_v give_v at_o paris_n in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1556_o and_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n sign_v by_o the_o king_n then_o in_o council_n and_o seal_v with_o green_a wax_n with_o red_a and_o green_a silk_n lace_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o several_a country_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o merchant_n be_v determine_v the_o four_o and_o last_o mean_a to_o end_v the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n happen_v between_o merchant_n and_o other_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v the_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n where_o the_o merchant_n court_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n be_v not_o establish_v whereof_o the_o merchant_n ought_v not_o to_o beignorant_a so_o that_o in_o the_o description_n of_o they_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o make_v some_o declaration_n for_o the_o merchant_n satisfaction_n appertain_v to_o their_o business_n and_o negotation_n all_o law_n be_v tend_v in_o substance_n to_o the_o uphold_v of_o truth_n maintain_v of_o justice_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a law_n final_a end_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o suppress_n of_o injury_n and_o to_o root_v out_o the_o wicked_a from_o among_o the_o good_a prescribe_v how_o to_o live_v honest_o to_o hurt_v no_o man_n wilful_o and_o to_o render_v every_o man_n his_o due_a careful_o further_a what_o be_v right_a and_o prohibit_v what_o be_v wrong_a summary_o to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ._n what_o you_o will_v have_v man_n to_o do_v unto_o you_o do_v the_o same_o unto_o they_o 6.31_o mat._n 7.21_o luke_n 6.31_o which_o alexander_n severus_n the_o emperor_n do_v express_v thus_o that_o which_o you_o will_v not_o have_v do_v unto_o thou_o do_v not_o unto_o other_o and_o to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o note_v three_o sort_n of_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o virtue_n be_v alone_o nature_n law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o same_o every_o way_n in_o all_o or_o rather_o a_o very_a notice_n of_o god_n law_n ingraff_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o consist_v of_o custom_n manner_n nation_n law_n of_o nation_n and_o prescription_n be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n as_o we_o have_v before_o declare_v the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o abridgement_n law_n civil_a law_n derogate_a many_o illicentious_a custom_n which_o grow_v by_o perverseness_n and_o corruptness_n of_o nature_n and_o be_v term_v peculiar_a use_v by_o one_o kind_n of_o people_n call_v the_o the_o imperial_a law_n out_o of_o these_o be_v the_o common-law_n of_o england_n make_v whereof_o we_o be_v now_o first_o to_o entreat_v and_o therein_o to_o be_v somewhat_o prolix_a for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o merchant_n the_o rather_o because_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v all_o man_n to_o 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the_o plaintiff_n have_v have_v three_o several_a time_n to_o produce_v his_o witness_n shall_v not_o have_v any_o other_o time_n to_o examine_v any_o more_o unless_o he_o do_v swear_v that_o he_o know_v not_o what_o the_o former_a witness_n have_v depose_v and_o the_o judge_n do_v assent_v thereunto_o 6_o if_o the_o witness_n have_v declare_v any_o thing_n obscure_o they_o may_v declare_v the_o same_o more_o plain_o if_o the_o judge_n do_v desire_v the_o same_o at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o party_n according_a as_o he_o shall_v direct_v 7_o after_o publication_n of_o the_o witness_n deposition_n there_o may_v not_o any_o other_o witness_n be_v depose_v upon_o the_o say_a interrogatory_n or_o any_o matter_n touch_v the_o same_o 8_o that_o the_o witness_n be_v examine_v of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o case_n itself_o whether_o they_o have_v see_v or_o hear_v the_o same_o &_o what_o they_o believe_v or_o know_v thereof_o or_o of_o the_o report_n they_o have_v hear_v 9_o that_o to_o avoid_v charge_n there_o be_v not_o too_o many_o examine_v arragon_n a_o maximo_n of_o the_o law_n of_o arragon_n the_o seven_o time_n be_v when_o all_o must_v be_v allege_v which_o may_v any_o manner_n of_o way_n make_v for_o the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o if_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o two_o witness_n tell_v one_o tale_n as_o it_o be_v verbatim_o their_o evidence_n be_v void_a and_o the_o eight_o time_n the_o judge_n proceed_v to_o a_o definitive_a sentence_n and_o the_o nine_o time_n which_o must_v be_v do_v within_o ten_o day_n the_o party_n may_v appeal_v and_o thereupon_o for_o the_o ten_o time_n the_o pleyto_n or_o suit_n with_o all_o the_o record_n go_v out_o of_o that_o judge_n court_n to_o a_o high_a court_n where_o it_o may_v not_o depend_v above_o a_o limit_a time_n the_o observation_n do_v minister_v a_o occasion_n that_o many_o controversy_n be_v end_v without_o law_n for_o the_o party_n be_v not_o sure_a to_o observe_v these_o time_n and_o the_o defendant_n which_o seek_v delay_n be_v not_o content_v with_o so_o short_a a_o time_n of_o plead_v the_o complainant_n also_o may_v know_v whether_o it_o be_v safe_a for_o he_o to_o take_v his_o oath_n as_o aforesaid_a that_o he_o be_v in_o conscience_n persuade_v of_o his_o right_n suit_n to_o abridge_v the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n and_o morever_o pay_v a_o fine_a for_o wrong_v molestation_n abridge_v with_o they_o heretofore_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n omit_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o other_o court_n of_o equity_n and_o call_v law_n and_o equity_n to_o be_v the_o common_a law_n so_o much_o commend_v above_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o the_o say_v m_o r._n fortescue_n sometime_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o who_o have_v observe_v five_o point_n wherein_o the_o same_o consist_v let_v we_o observe_v many_o more_o to_o extol_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o say_v common_a law_n as_o follow_v summary_o 1_o first_o because_o of_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o england_n excellency_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o that_o in_o all_o the_o time_n that_o the_o realm_n be_v inhabit_v by_o five_o several_a nation_n the_o same_o be_v still_o rule_v by_o the_o say_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v now_o govern_v withal_o which_o if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v good_a some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o these_o several_a nation_n move_v either_o with_o justice_n or_o with_o reason_n and_o affection_n will_v have_v change_v or_o abolish_v the_o same_o especial_o the_o roman_n who_o judge_v all_o the_o world_n 2_o second_o for_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o cause_v all_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o be_v faithful_o observe_v according_a to_o the_o former_a institution_n 3_o for_o that_o the_o say_v ancient_a custom_n or_o maxim_n thereof_o be_v inexpugnable_a and_o do_v stand_v of_o their_o own_o authority_n as_o principle_n which_o need_v no_o reason_n to_o confirm_v their_o authority_n as_o the_o law_n of_o solon_n draco_n carondas_n lycurgus_n numa_n pompilius_n and_o the_o law_n of_o twelve_o table_n etc._n etc._n 4_o because_o all_o difference_n and_o controversy_n which_o happen_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n be_v try_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n or_o by_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v still_o according_a to_o the_o law_n 5_o because_o the_o king_n personal_o give_v not_o any_o judgement_n especial_o when_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n see_v it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n 6_o for_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n of_o record_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n which_o do_v sit_v as_o judge_n by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n do_v remain_v authorise_v and_o their_o power_n end_v not_o immediate_o with_o the_o king_n howbeit_o the_o succeed_a king_n do_v confirm_v they_o in_o their_o office_n whereby_o all_o sedition_n be_v prevent_v during_o the_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la 7_o for_o that_o with_o indifferency_n without_o regard_n of_o person_n it_o command_v as_o well_o the_o nobility_n and_o other_o person_n of_o dignity_n by_o way_n of_o utlagare_o or_o outlaw_n as_o the_o mean_a subject_n 8_o for_o exercise_v a_o power_n over_o the_o judge_n which_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o law_n but_o by_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v the_o word_n judicium_fw-la properly_z attribute_v to_o their_o determination_n even_o as_o the_o word_n decretum_fw-la be_v understand_v of_o the_o ordinance_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o magistrate_n follow_v equity_n as_o it_o be_v without_o law_n for_o there_o be_v the_o like_a proportion_n between_o the_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n thereof_o call_v legis_fw-la actio_fw-la as_o there_o be_v between_o equity_n and_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o magistrate_n call_v judicis_fw-la officium_fw-la 9_o for_o that_o the_o officer_n thereof_o be_v authorise_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o due_a execution_n of_o it_o by_o a_o proportionable_a distribution_n namely_o the_o judge_n for_o term_n of_o life_n and_o officer_n subaltern_a change_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o the_o end_n the_o administration_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v more_o indifferent_a 10_o for_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o trial_n thereof_o in_o several_a court_n according_a to_o law_n and_o equity_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o agree_v and_o most_o necessary_a discord_n as_o it_o be_v concordi_fw-la discordia_fw-la whereby_o the_o body_n of_o justice_n be_v support_v by_o strive_v as_o the_o stone_n uphold_v a_o vault_n as_o cato_n say_v 11_o for_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o criminal_a cause_n do_v change_v from_o time_n to_o time_n their_o circuit_n and_o inferior_a judge_n of_o the_o court_n do_v execute_v the_o place_n as_o well_o as_o superior_a judge_n whereby_o partiality_n be_v prevent_v 12_o for_o that_o the_o law_n tend_v most_o careful_o for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o good_n of_o every_o good_a and_o honest_a man_n see_v that_o even_o in_o criminal_a cause_n it_o have_v provide_v as_o much_o as_o may_v stand_v with_o justice_n a_o help_n and_o favour_n permit_v the_o judge_n to_o order_v the_o plead_n of_o offender_n and_o to_o instruct_v they_o to_o avoid_v mispleading_a and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o except_v against_o the_o juror_n which_o they_o dislike_v 13_o for_o that_o it_o do_v forbid_v the_o sale_n of_o office_n thereby_o intend_v due_a administration_n of_o justice_n for_o where_o office_n be_v sell_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o great_a there_o justice_n be_v common_o sell_v by_o