the humours in the veines to the end that in feuers they might find out the times of the same and so might more easily foretell the time of the future crise whether the same were like to be hopefull and healthfull or dangerous and deadly and withall to find out the fittest time for purging The which Galen Hippocrates his true interpreter doth intimate vnto young Physitians in these words The vrine giueth notice of these parts to wit the liuer kidneyes bladder and the strength of the vessels which containe the bloud and the weakenesse of the same as also that facultie which engendreth the humors but as concerning the infirmities of the braine the chest and lungs there be other signes and symptomes of the same whereby their diseases are discerned All these things therefore the wise Physitian is to enquire search and find out from the sicke himselfe and not from the vrine For this cause well said Damascenus in his Aphorismes Concerning diseases pronounce not rashly thine opinion neither yet looke thou vpon the vrine vntill such time as thou hast first seene the sicke and of him demanded and found forth euery circumstance belonging to the disease With him doth Rhazes an Arabian Physitian agree in his Aphorismes in these words It becometh the Physitian to aske diuerse questions of his patient to the end he may attaine to the internall cause of the disease that by such meanes he may afterwards be able to pronounce sound iudgement according to reason neither yet let him be ashamed to aske of the patient whether the disease be within or without the veine But our Physitians being like vnto the lazie sedentarie Physitians of Alexandria lest they should be by the vulgar people who do commonly beleeue that the Physitian knoweth all by the vrine taxed of ignorance are ashamed to aske of the patient the causes and symptomes of his disease And to the end they may the better accommodate themselues to the foolish humor of the simple and more ignorant sort they are not a whit afrayed to prate of diseases by the inspection of the vrine onely But would to God the truth were with them in greater esteeme then any popular applause and that they would be warned by the Poet Persius If troubled Rome do too much dispraise any thing then not to rest and relie vpon her iudgement and that they would both ingenuously confesse and tell the people how fraudulent and deceitfull pernicious and lying is this manner of inspection of the vrine brought in by some Physitians and impostors of later dayes to the great mischiefe of mankind Then for certaine would they be more carefull and diligent in searching out the natures of diseases by their causes the hurt and hinderance of the action as also by the Paâ—hognomonicke signes and then without all doubt should they cure a great many moe as also by this meanes should their names become a great deale more famous both among their owne friends and acquaintance and among strangers And by this meanes also should these wandring and cozening rogues impostors apostaticall monks perfidious Iewes enemies to all Christians the ignorant Parish-Priests alchymists and all the rabble of such rake-hels but I had almost forgotten those old trots fortunetellers be thrust out from professing physicke all the which offenders not hauing learned so much as the first grounds and principles of naturall Philosophie or Physicke do without controll or punishment trie their desperate remedies by the death of many a man Wherefore there could nothing be deuised more profitable and beneficiall for the good of the commonwealth then that at length all Christian people were freed from the tyrannie and mischiefe of these cruell impostors who by meanes of the secret obseruation of the vrine vnknowne to the vulgar sort do conceale their owne ignorance and haue as drones do into the Bec-hiue crept into this profession By the premisses I hope thou hast heard what is the cause that Physicke and the Professors of the same are not of so high an esteeme in these our countries at this time Of the differences of signes by the which Physitians do discerne and know diseases and do presage the future issue of the same As I heare these barbarous and wicked persons falsly assuming vnto themselues the name of Physitians do mutter and grumble against me because of condemning their mad rash and foole-hardie finding out of diseases by meanes of the vrine onely for whose slanderous backbiting I care not a rush For such as cannot helpe I see not how they can hurt me No more can I conceiue what the Physitian can performe as concerning the cure of the disease being ignorant of the nature and estate of the same For this cause the ancient Physitians did with great labour trauell and industrie search out the cause the nature and substance of the disease from the which the indications of remedies are deriued and not from the vrine onely but from the signes called Pathognomonicke and from the whole concourse of the symptomes or accidents who did likewise deuide Physicke principally into two parts to wit that which we commonly call Therapeuticke whose most large and common scope is to cure diseases by contrary remedies and into that part which we call Diagnosticke whose most common scope is to discerne the whole and sound from the like and the sicke and infirme from the whole being vnlike the one to the other And this part of Physicke doth farre excell the other to wit the Therapeuticke the which without the Diagnosticke is of small vse or profit And because it did lay open the perfect and absolute knowledge of the disease by meanes of the signes Pathognomonicke proper and peculiar to euery disease together with the concurrence of accidents which the Empiricks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which were nothing else but the collection by obseruation of certaine accidents and circumstances of diseases the later Physitians therefore gaue it the name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or that part of Physicke which handleth the signes of diseases Wherefore we cannot but much wonder at Galen a man of so great learning who besides two hundreth and fiftie bookes written of diuerse sciences and of all the other parts of Physicke aboue foure hundreth all being likewise written in so good order and method that notwithstanding he hath not brought to full perfection this so noble a part of Physicke called Diagnosticke but onely dispersedly here and there especially in that booke called the Constitution or ordering of the Art of Physicke hath as it were sowne some seeds of the same But yet Auicenna Rhazes and other Arabian Physitians and such among the Greeks as haue written of late after Galen as Paulus Aegineta Aetius Actuarius and Alexander Trallianus following the footsteps of the ancient Empiricks did collect and gather together in euery seuerall Chapter which did discourse of the disease a great number of the signes and seuerall accidents of the same but so
THE ANATOMIE OF VRINES CONTAINING THE CONVICtion and condemnation of them Or the second Part of our discourse of vrines Detecting and vnfolding the manifold falshoods and abuses committed by the vulgar sort of Practitioners in the iudgement of diseases by the vrines onely together with a narrow suruey of their substance chiefe colours and manifold contents ioyning withall the right vse of vrines Wherein is contained plentie of profitable and delectable Histories concerning this subiect Collected as well out of the ancient Greeke Latine and Arabian Authors as out of our late famous Physitians of seuerall Nations their authorities quoted and translated out of the originall tongues together with some of the Authors owne obseruations By IAMES HART of NORTHAMPTON Neuer heretofore published LONDON Printed by Richard Field for Robert Mylbourne and are to be sold at his shop at the South doore of Pauls 1625. of vrines to wit such as do decline from any one extreame what concerneth the same may easily by that which hath bene said of the same extreame be vnderstood Now if any shall enquire what is the cause I spend so much time about this subiect I answer it is by reason of the old inueterate opinion or rather errour which most people haue conceiued concerning this strumpet whom for this cause I haue here vnmasked and layed open to the view of euery one that will not shut his eyes in the cleare Sunne-shine and that to the end that none may be circumuented by the fraud and cozenage of such as abuse her for their owne benefit But lest any should imagine these things to be but fancies fetcht from mine owne braine therefore not contented to set down mine owne positiue opinion I haue both backt fortified and flanked it with the bulwarks of the best writers of ancient and later times whose owne words I haue truly translated directing thee likewise learned Reader to the marginall quotations where for thy recreation and better satisfaction not the names of the authors onely and the particular places but the very words of the originall are often set downe that so it may more euidently appeare that this latter iurie finds her guiltie as the former great enquest after the inditement found Billa vera The condemnation must then of necessitie follow since the parties offending hauing had these three last assizes allowed them to pleade for themselues haue said nothing This sentence I referre to this sage assembly who as I hope will take this publicke businesse as a matter of no small moment into their serious considerations But me thinkes I heare some say what is then the vse of vrines in discerning of diseases or serueth it for no vse at all I answer that so farre am I from abrogating this so ancient and necessarie a signe receiued by all our ancient and late writers which I do highly esteeme and account of the same being rightly vsed howbeit as it is commonly vsed it is most shamefully abused The right vse of vrine then is together with all the rest of the signes and seuerall circumstances of the disease in such diseases I meane where it is of any force or validitie in some diseases being of no vse at all to giue vs notice of the nature together with the changes and alterations as likewise what is like to be the issue of the same The Physitian is therefore first to enquire diligently into the nature of the disease together with all the other signes and circumstances thereof and then comparing all together to giue forth his best and most assured iudgemeâ—t Most foolish therefore and absurd is the sottish custome of the countrey people now a dayes bringing the vrine to the Physitian it may be in some old oylie or inkie bottle and then to demand of him as of some Delphian oracle the whole nature of the disease the patients age and diuerse other things wherewith they ought to acquaint vs as also with all the other signes and circumstances of the disease euen as the client is to lay open his cause to the Lawyer how learned soeuer and skilfull in his profession It is yet not vnworthie the obseruation that one and the same vrine hath often diuers and seuerall significations and therefore vnlesse by diuerse other signes and circumstances limited can neuer affoord vs any certaintie as hereafter both in the colours and contents the ensuing discourse shall make manifest And thus may the right vse to the wise and vnderstanding easily appeare especially to such as haue bene or yet shall hereafter be admitted vnto such mysteries And therefore ignorant Empiricks women and many other such haue no share or interest in these affaires as not being able to diue into the depth of the premisses And as for cleargie men they cannot be ignorant that they ought to be employed about businesses of an higher nature And if they will haue a care of the soules entrusted to them they need not trouble themselues with their bodies Now that one signe in some diseases onely to be obserued to be of any vse should with a Papall prerogatiue assume all authoritie vnto it selfe is both against common sense daily experience and the authorities of the learned The pulse will pleade for a preheminence aboue the vrine and to iudge of this as of a number of other signes it will of necessitie require the Physitians presence Now that the vrines in many diseases and those of vndoubted danger do often shew thee no more then the ground thou goest on and that many other signes besides are of necessitie to be obserued hath bene at great length related in the former tractate and shall yet more plainly and particularly in this which followeth appeare And for thy more particular information I haue set downe the seuerall significations of vrines and that according to the opinions of such Authors as haue written of them together with some particulars which haue neuer yet bene published by any English writer that I haue as yet seene as by the contents of the bookes and chapters may appeare Some things also which haue bene by others written and auouched for vncontrolled truths I haue confuted as false and erronious and that as I thinkt by vnanswerable arguments illustrating the same with varietie of ancient and recent authorities together with plentie of pertinent examples being true historicall relations obserued both by my selfe and other Authors the which howsoeuer they do not simply proue yet do they not a little illustrate the matter in hand and make it more perspicuous to the meaner sort Now whereas I sometimes insert something of the ignorance and vnsufficiencie of some offenders some may perhaps reply that it may sometimes befall a good Physitian to faile as well as any of them I confesse Indeed Bernardus non videt omnia He is a good horse that neuer stumbled Neuer to faile is a priuiledge denyed to any of the ofspring of sinfull Adam howbeit the learned Physitian building vpon
priuiledges and immunities to the aforesaid Vniuersities schooles the whole Professors and Students in the same And thus physicke with the rest reuiued againe and being healed of her former wounds was drawne out of the darke dungeon and prison wherin she had so long lien in thraldome and captiuitie and by meanes of this noble Emperour restored to her former dignitie and libertie againe Now to adde more grace and dignitie to this noble profession he renewed againe that worthy law of Augustus inhibiting and discharging any person whatsoeuer either to practise or professe this or any other art or science vnlesse he were first licensed from the Emperours court But well foreseeing the inconueniences which might from hence arise if all such businesses should depend vpon his court for this cause he granted this priuiledge and authoritie to the aforesaid Vniuersities throughout the whole Empire This so wholesome constitution of Lotharius all the succeeding Emperours to this day haue continued And thus came first in these titles of Doctor Master c. not by the appointment of any priuate man but by the lawes of Emperours and Kings of Christendome Now besides the premisses I would easily euince both the eminencie and excellencie of this profession from the vtilitie and necessitie as being of necessarie vse for euery age estate and degree as also the worthy subiect thereof to wit the body of man so farre foorth as diseases are expelled and health preserued it being also the shrine of the soule the costly coffer wherein it is contained do conciliate no small authoritie vnto the same Neither yet is the skill in this profession so easily attained vnto as many ignorant people do perswade thēselues But that there are many things required in him who is to be called natures darling and great Secretarie of state at all times to helpe and assist her when oftentimes she cannot helpe her selfe vnto which this confused multitude neuer hath attained and therefore vnworthy to be admitted vnto such mysteries hath euer bene receiued for an vncontrolled truth The causes of the disease must be exactly knowne before the cure and many other things besides And thus it is recorded of Aristotle that at a certaine time falling sicke his Physitian there by him prating apace answered very wittily after this manner Neither cure me like a cowheard nor yet like a plowman but first of all let me know the cause then shalt thou find me obsequious to thy prescriptions The euer praise worthy Hippocrates howbeit in few yet in effectuall words setteth downe such things as are requisite in a true Physitian Whosoeuer will exactly and diligently purchase to himselfe a firme knowledge in this profession must of necessitie be furnished with these which follow Nature that is a potentiall aptnesse wit and vnderstanding with a certaine pronenesse and inclination to this profession precepts of art a fit and conuenient place for studie instruction in the same from younger yeares diligent and painefull studie together with a competent and conuenient time This likewise did the ancients paint foorth vnto vs in the armes or enseignes of Aesculapius to whom were attributed all the badges and enseignes which do of right belong to a true Physitian and do all argue assiduitie and painfull industrie The first was an Owle to giue him warning of the watchfull paines and care the learned Physitian ought to take in finding out the seuerall signes and circumstances of the disease to the end he may be the more able to foretell the seuerall issues and euents of the same A crooked staffe in his hand which intimateth vnto vs that he ought with great care and diligence bestirre himselfe to attaine to the right and perfect knowledge not onely of the structure of mans bodie and euerie part of the same as well inward as outward but also the seuerall qualities and vertues of all manner of remedies appropriated for the vse of mankinde whether they be aboue the earth enclosed in the intrals thereof or yet contained in the vast dominions of the endlesse ocean as also with carefull circumspection to obserue and marke the strength of his patients and their seuerall natures and constitutions applying to each and euery one of them in due and conuenient time such proper and peculiar remedies as may best befit them and that alwayes hauing a watchfull eye vpon the seuerall indications in such cases required In his right hand he held a Dragons head coming from the Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying a sharpe and cleare sight and next vnto the same was a watchfull dog both of them declaring vnto vs that the Physitian ought with a certaine promptnesse of dexteritie of vnderstanding foresee the issue and euent of diseases and then with as great ease and facilitie as is possible and without sparing any paines ease the patients griefe preseruing likewise and maintaining as much as in him lyeth his present healthfull state of bodie and preuenting to the vttermost of his power the imminent danger of dolefull diseases In his left hand a pine apple thereby letting vs to vnderstand that the outward shell of this profession is very hard the inward fruite and marrow notwithstanding being most pleasant delectable and profitable At his right side was the winged picture of health with a pullet in her hand that to the end the Physitian might know that he ought to aime at the health and happie estate of his patient principally and not to become the slaue of base and filthie lucre and gaine in like manner manifesting vnto vs that by the paines and industrious skill of the learned Physitian health is oftentimes maintained as by his carelesse negligence ignorance insufficiencie it is easily ouerthrowne A pullet to shew foorth the Physitians care in prescribing fit and conuenient diet according to his patients nature and constitution as also the qualitie and motion of the disease For in acute diseases and such as are of a sudden and speedie motion as the remedies must be speedie so must the diet be sparing answering both to the strength of the patient and nature of the disease not being in the meane time vnmindfull of his former custome countrey or place wherein he liues with many more circumstances in such cases required In diseases againe of a long and lingring nature we must not be so close fisted but allow them more liberall allowance yet keeping alwayes in mind the former caueats and cautions In the end he must be armed against all occasions and sudden occurrents not forgetting to gratifie the sicke so farre foorth as may stand with conueniencie And lastly this Aesculapian pourtraict was pictured with a beard signifying hereby that such as medled with such abstruse mysteries hauing first bene trained vp in the grounds and principles of this profession ought to be of a reasonable mature iudgement and vnderstanding to the end they may proue so much the
one and the same indiuiduall partie Others adde also the sexe the age and many moe which I here omitting will hasten to the accidents of vrine CHAP. II. Of the accidents of vrine the quantitie smell c. and that no certaine and assured truth can by them be presaged or knowne THe accidents of vrine are all reduced to two generall heads the quantitie and the qualitie The quantitie is either great small or meane which is the best Abundance of vrine in health signifieth 1. that the partie hath drunke store of Rhenish or other searching wine 2. abundance of moist meats 3. little euacuation by stoole 4. too liberall vse of diuretickes or such things as prouoke vrine 5. the concoction of crude and vndigested food 6. the retention of sweat menstruous fluxe or other moisture detained within the chest or stomacke vnburthening themselues this way Concerning the retention of the like humidities it may not seeme so straâ—ge that they may be turned towards the passages of the vrine but it may seeme stranger that the faecall excrements should produce this effect and yet Hippocrates witnesseth the truth hereof and besides Aristotle relateth that in Pirinthus there was a cow which neuer had the passage for her excrements open but that the same were conuerted into a statuous or windie substance and then into vrine and so expelled In sicknesse this abundance is likewise diuers wayes produced 1. By meanes of the excessiue heate of the kidneyes which draw abundantly such humidities as in the Diabeticall disease called by some a Pot-dropsie 2. Great euacuation of superfluous moisture 3. The wasting away of the whole bodie which commeth to passe in burning feauers and which was obserued by that famous Physitian Marcus Gatinaria in that maide of Millan about some eighteene yeares of age who voyded euery day for fortie dayes together fifteene pounds of vrine whereas the quantitie of euery dayes meate and drinke ioyntly did neuer exceed the weight of foure pounds 4. The ending of the disease And in acute diseases the abundance of vrine is procured sometimes 1. by meanes of the feauers relenting 2. By the change thereof into an Hecticke 3. By a Conuulsion And besides the premisses it may be yet procured by diuerse other meanes as I remember a yong woman then vnmarried who in the disease called the mither voyded abundance of vrine especially during the time of her fits being in the afternoones and that for the space of foure dayes together as hereafter shall appeare when we shall speake of the colours of vrines And often in the crises of acute diseases the vrine is multiplied A man of Sena saith Scribonius euery day did pisse foure or fiue iugs of vrine who scarce dranke halfe an English pint all the said space what could a Physitian haue iudged by this quantitie Thus then when thou seest so many causes or one and the same effect to which of them canst thou ascribe it vnlesse thou be well acquainted with the particular circumstances from the patients owne mouth Small quantitie of vrine is likewise procured 1. By dry diet 2. By the vse of tough and â—â—mie meates 3. By reason of obstructions 4. By reason of plentifull euacuation 5. By meanes of a violent feauer 6. By some hurt of the vrinarie vessels as commeth sometimes to passe by reason of the cold distemper of the bladder procuring a palsie to that part 7. By the decay of naturall heate as commeth sometimes to passe in such as are readie to dye 8. Because the moisture is detained in some other part as commeth to passe in a Dropsie 9. By reason of some impostume in the fundament the necke of the bladder or in the wombe which may straiten the said passage that the vrine cannot come away in any great quantitie 10. The abundance of crude and raw humours may be a meanes of this so small a quantitie But I will yet adde some more out of the aforenamed Scribonius because his words are so sutable for our purpose The like verdict may we also giue forth saith he concerning the small quantitie of vrine taking often its originall cause from the defect or scarcitie of meate and drinke as also by meanes of some other euacuations such as are sweat excretions by stoole and such like which carrying the matter of the vrine another way hinder the passage thereof into the bladder and by consequent the expulsion from thence For this same cause such as be troubled with any laskes or fluxes do voide but a small quantitie of vrine as Galen himselfe declareth Againe a little after he addeth these words In the obstruction of the Liuer and mesaraicke veines experience it selfe doth often teach vs that a very small quantitie of vrine is voyded Now if any ones seruant should bring vnto thee such an vrine not acquainting thee with any other circumstance why wouldest thou giue sentence for an obstruction rather then a laske or for a laske rather then an obstruction Besides the premisses in the Stone the Dropsie and such other diseases which hinder the generation of vrine no certaine iudgement can be collected from the small quantitie of the same And that thou mayest yet be more rauished with admiration Rufus Ephesus in his booke of the infirmitie of the reines maketh mention of one who as saith Praxagozas aboue the space of twelue yeares voyded all his vrine by the bellie and not by the ordinarie passage What then could a man haue iudged concerning this mans bladder and the other parts depending thereupon And this shall suffice for the quantitie of vrines with the vncertaintie of the same now come we to the qualities obserueable in them The next accident of vrine is the qualitie and the qualities as witnesseth Mercuriale according to the doctrine of the Arabian Physitians are fiue the smell the tast the sound the touch and the colour As for the smell vrines haue little or no smell or else a sweet and pleasing smell or finally a stinking smell No smell saith Mercuriall proceedeth from no other cause then from the extinguishing of naturall heate howbeit it may sometimes proceed from drinke of a cold qualitie like as we see in cold countries and the like complexions the smell of the vrine is not so much to be discerned Vrines smell well either in regard of diet or drugs but especially by meanes of a temperate heate concocting well Stinking vrines come by foure seuerall meanes 1. By meanes of cruditie and indigestion of the food 2. By reason of putrefaction Galen witnesseth that whatsoeuer thing is putrified hath an euill fauoured smell Wherefore in Pestilentiall feauers the vrines are most commonly of a stinking smell As also if the vrines passe through any place oppressed with putrid vlcers or yet if any purulent matter be mingled with them they become stinking 3. The too long retention of vrine in the bladder
which maketh an vrine of this colour desireth the companie of a man Doth not our maister vrine-monger now diue into the depth of the matter But good man I know what I can assure thee that Tom and Dicke in the countrey can tell as well that Maud the dairy maide would be married by the reflected rayes and benigne aspects of her superiour orbs vpon their hemisphaers and the suffering some syllibub and some other commodities committed to her custodie now and then to come into their possession by this meanes hindering her mistresse to further her selfe in her suite as the most cunning pisse-prophet in all the countrie shall do by the vrine if he had as many eyes as euer had that watchfull Argus or his nose weighed downe with spectacles The sanguine and best complexioned which by consequence should produce the best vrines are not alwayes the most amorous Many as ill coloured drabs as euer any hath seene haue not sometimes bene behind the best complexioned Gentlewoman in the land in such a case And it is held by many that such are for the most part solaces But now let vs proceed to some instances of these outward glorious appearances of vrines of the best note which neuerthelesse falsified the trust reposed in them And first I will instance in one taken out of a learned Germane author and then I will adde one of mine own experience The iudgement of diseases by the sole inspection of the vrine is hard to attaine vnto and of great difficultie for sometimes it commeth to passe that the vrine as well in colour as in all other points doth shew it selfe of a very laudable conditioÌ„ to the view of any indicious eye when notwithstanding death standeth at the doore the reason of this being that all diseases are not easily discerned nor yet the dangers of them perceiued by the vrine alone but such especially as haue their being in the bladder veines kidneyes and Liuer As it came to passe anno 1581. in a yong man about 24. yeares of age newly married This yong mans vrine being as well in colour as contents most like vnto an healthfull vrine he being neither depriued of his accustomed appetite either to meate or drinke neither troubled with excessiue headeach thirst watching anxiety and tossing of his body too and fro nor yet distempered with any noysome heate which might by feeling be discerned The pulse notwithstanding being weake frequent and swift with great inequalitie and feeblenesse gaue vs some coniectures of I know not what kinde of feauer the which now and then was not without some exacerbations Hence was I of opinion that the vitall facultie did then by little and little decay the vse and necessitie whereof in euery action of this life is not without great cause thought to be of such weight and moment that not onely doth it suffice as matter for the rest but doth also stirre vp and perfect the same in cherishing them after a most kinde and effectuall manner in so much as no part of the body can enioy the benefit of nourishment without the influence of this vitall facultie This yong man therefore being now wholly depriued of the said spirits it was no maruell if nature now decaying and winâ— by the counsell of a certaine Physitian being denied him now for certaine dayes he did vpon the eight day make an exchange of this cottage of clay for a farre better and happier inheritance But to omit many other stories by my selfe and others obserued which would yet most pregnantly prooue and confirme the same yet especially in the yeare 1617. did this most manifestly and plainly appeare In the foresaid yeare being generally moist for the most part the Winter not Winter like furnished with such frosts and tempestuous stormes as are not vnseasonable for that time of the yeare it came to passe that besides the small poxe measels and diuers other diseases there reigned not onely in Northamptonshire but in many other places of the kingdome a certaine kind of maligne if not pestilentiall feauer the which by reason it sweept away the lustiest people of either sexe we may and that not without good reason call it Stoup gallant In this disease as cometh often also to passe in others of the like nature the vrines of some such as liued not long after did appeare to the eye both for colour and contents of as laudable a condition as the vrine of the soundest and healthfullest man in this kingdome But among many I will mention but one whereof I my selfe was an eye-witnesse These foresaid feauers in the towne of Northampton and places adioyning in the Spring of the yeare were very frequent fierce and furious towards Sommer they began somewhat to relent reassuming their former fiercenesse towards the Haruest quarter In the aboue named yeare and quarter about the latter end of September a married woman of good account and reputation liuing within this towne of Northampton was surprised with the foresaid feauer of the which because at the first it assaulted her after the manner of an intermittent Tertian ague she made but small reckâ—ning but after the space of three or foure dayes fearing that which afterwards came to passe being also hereunto perswaded by some of her friends she vsed the aduise of another Physitian and my selfe In a few dayes were by vs administred all such meames as either in reason or our daily experience we thought fittest to expell the cause of her disease and restore her to her former health againe But contra vim mortis non est medicamen in hortis Wherefore at length discharging that debt which all the sonnes of Adam owe she was freed from the miseries of this mortall life and entred into the possession of a better Two or three dayes before her death her vrine might both for colour and contents haue giuen such satisfaction and content to the most eagle-eyed Physitian that none by the sight of the same could euer haue suspected any imminent danger In like manner if any one had felt her pulse without due consideration of the former dangerous accidents which could not be concealed from a iudicious eye obseruing withall sensibly approach the dissolution of this crasie cottage he would no doubt with old Agag haue concluded Surely the bitternesse of death is past CHAP. IIII. Of red vrines and how easily one may thereby be deceiued and of pissing bloud PAssing by many other colours of vrine which Authors do here mention attributing to each of them a seuerall signification of all which it were too much this short Treatise should take vpon it to discourse considering also that the vncertaintie of the same may be partly collected from that which hath bene said alreadie and partly by some things yet to be handled hereafter now I will cleare this point concerning red vrines This colour of vrine howbeit it hath many degrees some being of an higher and some againe of a lower coloured
red yet saith Galen all are coloured with a greater or smaller portion of bloud therewith mingled Neuerthelesse that this same colour of vrine is procured by the mixture more or lesse not of bloud alone but also of an high coloured choller ioyntly or seuerally according to the greater or smaller quantitie thereof is not by a small number of learned Physitians maintained as also that this same colour of vrine is often and vsually seene in hote and acute diseases is not vnknowne to the very vulgar and vnlearned sort of people Now a many causes may bring foorth this effect this colour of vrine higher or lower appearing in a many hote and acute diseases which would puzzle a good Physitian by the bare sight of such an vrine to know what disease it were But yet is not this rule so infallibly true that it admitteth of no exception as is the opinion of many And therefore most erroneous and dangerous is the practise of such as vpon the bare sight of an high coloured vrine presently without any further deliberation or enquiry of circumstances both prescribe Phlebotomie and administer all maner of cooling medicines to the great ineuitable danger and preiudice of the patient from the which errour also the learned Arabian Auicenna is not free as our learned late writers haue well obserued And as I deny not but that this may often prooue true so on the other side it is most certaine that the vrine may be of such a colour and yet either proceed from a cold cause or else from some imbecillitie and weakenesse as cometh somtimes to passe in Dropsies c. But lest this should seeme stuffe of mine owne braine and hatched at home heare from the mouth of a worthie Author something concerning the same purpose It is not seldome obserued that the vrine by reason of a commixtion of bloud with it doth appeare of a red colour but by reason that it is either thicke or clotted it is no great difficultie to discerne the same But that so thinne a bloud should bemingled with it that not the substance of the vrine but the colour onely should be altered is but seldome seene Such a case befell a young man of 28. yeares of age or neare by This young man voided an vrine of an high red colour and thinne substance for many dayes together being very like to the vrines made in hote acute feauers The aforesaid patient had vsed the aduice of diuers ancient learned Physitians who had appointed him such meanes as are vsed for the cooling of hote Liuers At length he repaired to my selfe at that time but a young Physitian Looking on his vrine and withall seeing it of so high a red colour as also perceiuing him who was there present free from any feauer I asked him whether heretofore he had complained of any which he denyed adding moreouer that for some moneths by-past he had felt a chilnesse and coldnesse together with a great extenuation or leannesse and shortnesse of breath ioyned with a generall decay of strength as also that hitherto he had found no benefit by such meanes as he had vsed All which hauing attentiuely heard I thought good to keepe by me the said vrine vntill the next day and then to view the residence thereof the which was of a colour like vnto bloud as being indeed nothing else but bloud the vrine aboue it being but very little dyed with a pale yellow colour shewing no signe or token at all of any feauer For the which cause I did then collect that there was no exorbitant heate in his Liuer but a great weakenesse in the kidneyes by reason whereof the ends of the small veines being opened and loosened let some part of the bloud passe away And therefore I tooke a new course for curing of the same by vsing such meanes as were fit for the corroborating and strengthening of the kidneyes and veines not omitting fit and conuenient diet and among other things goats milke And so at length the vrine came to its owne naturall colour againe his bodie also enioying the benefit of nourishment as it was wont in former times and thus in a short time recouered his vigour strength and former perfect health againe Such an excretion of bloud which cometh thus to passe by reason of the loosenesse and widenesse of the mouthes of the small veines or yet of the thinnesse of bloud is commonly called Diapedesis that is as much as a streining through It cometh also to passe that some bloud is voyded by vrine many other wayes sometimes some great stone fretting the passages betwixt the kidneyes and the bladder called Vreteres bloud doth also accompanie the vrine but withall it is blacke and clotted The stone continuing for some certaine space in the bladder prooueth likewise sometimes the cause of this inconuenience and that especially after riding or some other violent motion of the bodie In women also some part of their menstruous fluxe is sometimes intermingled with it Sometimes againe the bloud issuing out of the gummes being suddenly stopt doth search for it selfe a passage through the bladder The kidneyes being wounded first doth bloud issue out by the vrines and afterwards matter mingled with it as it befell that woman which was stabbed in the loynes with a dagger first voyding blouddie vrines then afterwards mingled with matter vntill such time as both the wound and the kidneyes were cured And that this was a wound in the kidneyes did plainly appeare by some portion of the same taken out of the wound The exulceration of the kidneyes is also accompanied with bloudie vrine after the which vnlesse remedie be in due and conuenient time procured matter doth follow It is likewise sometimes seene that decrepit old men do voyd vrines mingled with bloud which are of a blackish colour accompanied with some red the which doth declare that the vigour and power of the kidneyes is almost quite abolished But I wish thee yet to lend thine eare a little to the same Author yet againe in a storie or two more which will adde not a little light to this matter The vrine doth appeare of a reddish colour not onely when the Liuer is surprised with a Gangrene or the bodie with any hote or acute disease such as are Tertian agues burning feauers inflammation of the internall parts but often also in the debilitie weakenesse and coldnesse of the Liuer or stomach proceeding from long and lingring diseases The like tincture it receiueth now and then in the extreame pinching Collicke passion when as some tough and clammie humours possessing the guts do hinder the passage of the faecall excrements A Gentleman of account saith he voyded vrine of a very high red colour howbeit free from any feauer being at the same time much tormented with the Collicke accompanied with a retention of the faecall excrements After the iniection of an anodine or mitigating glister the paine was much eased and withall
the vulgar sort concerning the staining of the vrinall Historie This Parson a chiefe proctor for auâ—um poâ—abile in Northampton shire Absurd opinion of a Physitian affirming one to be bewitched by the vrine onely Many things alter the iudgement of the vrine Accidents of vrine twofold Diuerse significations of great abundance of vrine in health Aphor. vltimo lib 4. Lib. 4. degeneratione anâ—m cap. 4. In sicknesse Historie Mercur. lib. de vrinâ— cap 6. ex Marco Gatinaria Guil. Adolph Scribon devrin inspect pag. 41. 42. Another Small quantitie of vrine by diuers meanes Idem ibidem Aphor. 83. lib. 4. Another Mercur. lib. de vrin cap. 6. Of the smell of vrines Vrines without smell Vrines smelling well Stinking vrines with their seuerall significatioÌ„s Galen lib. 5. de simplie med facult Lib. de vrin cap. 3. rub 1. Loco prius citato Medici certe de hac iudicandi ratione scribentes digni essent qui in dies lotium potare cogerentur VpuparuÌ„ potius quam Medicorum haec tractatio erit Idem ibidem Vrina meretrix Palew and light saffron colour Called the key of vnknowne knowledge or a shop of fiue windowes Leuinus Lemnius de occuitis naturae mirac lib. 2. cap. 37. Historie Iacob Douinetus apol lib. 1. cap. 8. In the yeare 1617. many dangerous maligne feauers Another 1. Sam. 15. 32. Dangerous to let bloud vpon the bare sight of an high red coloured vrine Rhamb Dod. obseruat medic cap. 32. Historie Idem Dâ—d in schol Idem obseruat medicin cap. 31. Historie Another Idem Ibidem Vrine sometimes red by reason of the cruditie of the stomach Lib. 1. cap. designis quotidianae intermitt In comment in praedict locum Hieron Reusner in schol ad cap. 22. Ioh. Willich de prob vrin Per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Of pissing of bloud Aretaeus Cappadox lib. 4. cap. 3. diuturn morb Holler Schol. ad cap. 52. lib. 1. de morb Vde ibidem plura vt apud Schenck obseruat medicin lib. 3. tit de sang mictu Historie Marcell Donat. lib. 4. cap. 29. hist med Another Another Another Another 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hippoc. prognost lib. 2. aph 29. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Idem in coac sect 27. aph 16. 1. de cris cap. 12 alibi Comm. 3. in lib. 3. epid Comm. 3. in lib. 1 epid Of blacke vrines Historie Iohann Bel. for comm in lib de vrin Gal. attrib pâ— 72. Another Guil. Adolph â—cribon lib. de â—rinar inspect Actuar lib. 2. cap. 20. de iudie. â—rin Another Blacke vrines critical in diuers diseases Thomas a Vega comm ad lib. 6. Gal. de loc affact pag. 342. Nocturnae 〈◊〉 diurnae febre Another Anton. Valet exercit 40 ad Holler de morb intern Another Andr. Laurent anat lib. 1. quaest 38. Francise Valer. comm ad libr. Gal. le constit art med pag. 355 Another Another Iacob Douinâ—â— apol lib. 3. cap. vlt. Another Of a bastard Tertian in my selfe Another Iohann Crato consil medicin col 446. aedit Hanou. in fol. 1612. Another Amatus Lusitanus centar 5. turat 54. Mercur. lib. de vrin cap. 6. Of blew vrines Of greene vrines 3. de rat vict acut Historie Guil. Adolph Scribon de inspect vrin prope finem Of popiniay greene oylie vrine Of ash-coloured or leaden coloured vrines Of thin white vrines Rondelet lib. de vrin cap. 15. Their diuers significations Forest obseruat medic tomo 1. lib. 2. schol ad obseruat 25. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hippcrat prognost lib. 2. aph 30 Historie Another Of thicke white vrines Historie Nichol. Flerent serm 3. tract 10. cap. 21. Another A Petro Sphaerorio medico referente Schenck lib. 3. obseruat medicin lib de vrin Another Iohann Schenck ibidem Another Holler inter raras obseruat num 2. Another Idem schol ad cap 30 lib. 1. de morb intern Another Of the circle ring or garland Not mentioned by the ancients Lib de vrin cap. 31. de circulo The originall of it It is twofold Leo Reganus de differ vrin lib. 1. cap. vlt. Posteriores eiusdem coronae iuditia subiecerunt veteribus non vsitata in quibus iustae saepe causae desiderantur verum vt scenae inseruiamus eadem iudicia subdere placet Villich de probat vrin part 4. cap. 39. Loco proxime citato Idem Reganus de prouid ex vrinis lib. 3. cap. 8. Idem lib. 2. de caus vrin cap. 9. Of bubbles spume or froth Idem lib. 2. de caus vrin cap. 9. See before in the beginning Schol. in cap. 30. part 4. Iodoâ—â— Willich de probat vrinar Comment 3 librâ— prorrh Aph. 34. sect 7. Sauonarola de vrin cap. 3. rubr 17. Of smoke or vapour in the vrine Of fat swimming on the top of vrines Gal. Comm. 3. in lib. 3. epid De prouid ex vrinis lib. 3. cap. 6. Lib. 1. meth med cap. vlt. Guil. Adolph Scrib de inspect vrinar prope finem 3. de praesagit ex puls Historie 〈…〉 All vrines are not accompanied with contents And may proceed from diuers causes The cloud The swimme The ground Loâ—o proxime citato 2. Prorrh 1. 2. in 6. epid 37. Seuerall times to be assigned for the setling of vrine Et ex his prâ—inde vniuersis optime facillimeque intelâ—igi pâ—sse opinâ—r â—uantuâ— fucus â—â—anta deceptio â—uanta denique malignitas sit omnium illorum qui absque alijs coiudicantibus vllis nude simpliciter ex allata sibi vrina aliquas corporis male affecti causas originem subiecta adiuncta sic deinceps vel exploratissime se cognoscere posse autumant Idem Sâ—ribon ibid. Of yellow contents or grounds Red residence Historie Another Bloudie residence and the seuerall causes of the same Historie See somewhat in the colours heretofore Purulent or matterie residence Schol. ad cap. 50. lib. 1. de morb intern Historie Lib. de vrin cap. 38. Red vetches or fitches Brannie and sealie contents Scales Haires in the vrine Comm. 1. ad aph 76. sect 4. Loco proxime supra citato Historie Schenck obseruat medic lib. 3. tit de vrina Sandie or grauelly residence Aph. 79. sect 4. Historie Ibidem Flesher Worms reiected by vrine Rondel de vrinis cap. 38. Montuus Idem Rondel lib. de morb cognos cap. 17. Historia Didymi Obrechti ad finem libri Rondel de vrinis adiecta Loco iam supra citato Ibidem Hieron Cardan comm in aph 76 lib. 4. Ambros Par. Chirurg lib. 19. cap. 3. De occult nat mirac lib. 2. cap. 40. Obseruat medicin l. 3. sect 312. Alexand. Bened. anat lib. 2. c. 22. Iohann Renodaeus de mat med lib. 3 cap. 33 antidot lib. 1. sect 1. cap. 20. circa finem Motes in the vrine together with their seuerall significations Of dust in the vrine Historie Of painfull and vneasie pissing Suppression of vrine The seuerall causes of the same De internor morb curat tomo 3. lib. 4. cap. 12. Suppression of vrine by meanes of the bladder