to_o our_o lord_n he_o spend_v the_o same_o and_o buy_v thing_n necessary_a for_o they_o or_o else_o distribute_v to_o the_o poor_a according_a to_o what_o our_o lord_n command_v for_o the_o day_n st._n augustin_n consider_v that_o christ_n have_v the_o attendance_n of_o angel_n who_o minister_v unto_o he_o be_v in_o no_o necessity_n of_o keep_v or_o preserve_v of_o money_n nevertheless_o he_o will_v have_v a_o purse_n to_o give_v a_o example_n to_o the_o church_n of_o what_o she_o ought_v to_o do_v and_o therefore_o the_o church_n always_o understand_v that_o from_o his_o divine_a holiness_n by_o his_o own_o example_n the_o form_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a money_n may_v be_v institute_v 5._o n._n 5._o instruct_v from_o whence_o it_o shall_v be_v take_v and_o wherein_o it_o shall_v be_v lay_v out_o and_o if_o in_o our_o day_n we_o see_v not_o this_o holy_a institution_n observe_v we_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o for_o our_o instruction_n and_o for_o our_o consolation_n the_o 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ought_v not_o to_o refer_v this_o to_o a_o particular_a misery_n of_o our_o or_o of_o any_o other_o time_n but_o to_o ascribe_v it_o to_o the_o divine_a permission_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o good_a consider_v that_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o infant_n church_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o imperfection_n indeed_o we_o ought_v every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o degree_n and_o vocation_n to_o procure_v a_o remedy_n and_o he_o that_o can_v do_v otherwise_o by_o his_o prayer_n and_o he_o that_o can_v hinder_v the_o evil_a by_o prevent_v and_o oppose_v the_o abuse_n consider_v that_o although_o judas_n have_v no_o humane_a punishment_n because_o those_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v punish_v he_o be_v complice_n in_o his_o offence_n nevertheless_o divine_a providence_n show_v what_o penalty_n he_o deserve_v and_o appoint_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v his_o own_o executioner_n for_o a_o document_n of_o what_o those_o aught_o to_o do_v who_o be_v give_v for_o tutor_n and_o defender_n of_o the_o church_n in_o follow_v age_n after_o christ_n our_o lord_n have_v ascend_v into_o heaven_n the_o holy_a apostle_n follow_v in_o the_o church_n of_o jerusalem_n the_o same_o institution_n of_o have_v the_o church_n money_n for_o the_o two_o effect_n abovesaid_a 7._o n._n 7._o that_o be_v for_o the_o need_n of_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o for_o alm_n to_o the_o poor_a and_o the_o stock_n of_o this_o money_n be_v likewise_o the_o oblation_n of_o the_o faithful_a who_o also_o make_v all_o their_o good_n common_a sell_v their_o possession_n to_o make_v money_n for_o this_o use_n so_o that_o the_o community_n of_o the_o church_n be_v not_o distinct_a from_o the_o particular_a of_o each_o faithful_a man_n as_o be_v practise_v still_o in_o some_o religion_n which_o observe_v those_o first_o institution_n the_o christian_n in_o those_o primitive_a time_n be_v very_o ready_a to_o strip_v themselves_o of_o their_o temporal_a good_n to_o bestow_v they_o in_o alm_n because_o they_o look_v for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v at_o hand_n christ_n our_o lord_n have_v leave_v it_o to_o they_o uncertain_a and_o although_o it_o be_v to_o last_o as_o long_o as_o he_o please_v they_o consider_v it_o not_o otherwise_o but_o as_o be_v to_o end_v then_o hold_v for_o certain_a that_o the_o figure_n of_o this_o world_n that_o be_v the_o state_n of_o this_o present_a life_n pass_v away_o wherefore_o the_o oblation_n increase_v always_o the_o more_o yet_o the_o custom_n of_o not_o have_v any_o thing_n of_o one_o own_o but_o all_o thing_n in_o common_a 8._o n._n 8._o so_o that_o there_o be_v neither_o poor_a nor_o rich_a but_o all_o live_v equal_o go_v not_o out_o of_o jerusalem_n for_o in_o the_o other_o church_n which_o the_o holy_a apostle_n plant_v it_o be_v not_o institute_v neither_o do_v it_o last_o long_o in_o jerusalem_n whereupon_o 26_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o christ_n it_o be_v read_v that_o the_o public_a be_v distinct_a from_o the_o private_a every_o one_o know_v his_o own_o but_o the_o money_n be_v common_a in_o that_o church_n as_o in_o other_o found_v in_o oblation_n which_o place_v in_o common_a serve_v for_o the_o minister_n only_o and_o for_o the_o poor_a and_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o he_o who_o have_v wherewithal_o of_o his_o own_o to_o live_v upon_o the_o church_n stock_n whereupon_o st._n paul_n ordain_v that_o widow_n who_o have_v kindred_n shall_v be_v relieve_v by_o their_o relation_n that_o the_o church_n good_n may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o those_o who_o be_v widow_n indeed_o that_o be_v widow_n and_o poor_a the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o week_n which_o for_o that_o cause_n be_v call_v the_o lord_n day_n the_o faithful_a meet_v together_o 9_o n._n 9_o and_o each_o one_o offer_v that_o which_o he_o have_v set_v apart_o of_o the_o forego_n week_n for_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o common_a the_o care_n of_o these_o good_n which_o our_o lord_n whilst_o he_o be_v in_o this_o mortal_a life_n give_v unto_o judas_n be_v administer_v by_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o for_o a_o short_a time_n after_o the_o ascension_n but_o afterward_o perceive_v that_o murmur_n and_o sedition_n do_v arise_v among_o the_o faithful_a about_o the_o distribution_n that_o be_v make_v it_o appear_v to_o some_o that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o great_a sharer_n of_o the_o common_a as_o they_o willing_o will_v have_v be_v and_o believe_v that_o other_o have_v more_o than_o they_o ought_v so_o as_o the_o common_a evil_n in_o all_o time_n in_o dispense_n the_o good_n of_o the_o church_n the_o apostle_n know_v they_o can_v not_o attend_v this_o perfect_o together_o with_o preach_v of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n they_o determine_v to_o retain_v to_o themselves_o the_o ministry_n of_o preach_v and_o teach_v appoint_v for_o this_o office_n of_o have_v care_n of_o temporal_a thing_n another_o sort_n of_o minister_n quite_o different_a from_o that_o which_o we_o see_v do_v in_o our_o time_n wherein_o the_o chief_a prelate_n of_o the_o church_n attend_v the_o government_n of_o temporal_a thing_n 10._o n._n 10._o and_o the_o office_n of_o preach_v and_o teach_v the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v leave_v unto_o the_o friar_n or_o brethren_n or_o to_o some_o inferior_a priest_n in_o the_o church_n but_o these_o new_a minister_n which_o the_o holy_a apostle_n institute_v for_o govern_v temporal_a thing_n be_v call_v deacon_n deacon_n deacon_n for_o which_o purpose_n election_n be_v make_v of_o six_o from_o all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o faithful_a which_o the_o apostle_n appoint_v for_o that_o ministry_n and_o wheresoever_o they_o found_v a_o church_n they_o also_o appoint_v deacon_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o also_o they_o ordain_v bishop_n and_o priest_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n fast_v and_o prayer_n precede_v and_o the_o common_a election_n of_o the_o faithful_a follow_v after_o observe_v inviolable_o this_o order_n of_o never_o depute_v any_o man_n to_o any_o ecclesiastical_a charge_n who_o be_v not_o first_o elect_v by_o the_o universality_n of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v of_o all_o the_o faithful_a together_o this_o custom_n continue_v in_o the_o church_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n for_o about_o 200_o year_n 11._o n._n 11._o maintain_v the_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n and_o the_o poor_a also_o with_o the_o public_a good_n there_o be_v no_o other_o stock_n but_o the_o oblation_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o faithful_a in_o the_o church_n which_o oblation_n be_v in_o great_a abundance_n because_o out_o of_o fervency_n of_o charity_n every_o one_o offer_v all_o that_o he_o can_v according_a to_o what_o he_o have_v so_o that_o when_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o faithful_a in_o one_o city_n be_v abundant_a for_o the_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o their_o own_o church_n they_o
forsake_v for_o which_o cause_n about_o the_o year_n 470_o it_o be_v ordain_v in_o the_o western_a church_n ecclesiastical_a ao._n 470._o division_n of_o good_n ecclesiastical_a that_o four_o part_n shall_v be_v make_v one_o shall_v be_v the_o bishop_n the_o second_o for_o the_o other_o minister_n the_o three_o for_o building_n of_o the_o church_n which_o comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o building_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o people_n meet_v together_o but_o also_o the_o habitation_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o other_o clergyman_n and_o of_o the_o sick_a and_o widow_n and_o the_o four_o for_o the_o poor_a but_o these_o poor_a among_o most_o of_o the_o church_n as_o st._n gregory_n relate_v be_v mean_v only_o the_o poor_a of_o the_o place_n because_o all_o the_o hospitality_n belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n 26._o page_n 26._o who_o upon_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o own_o portion_n be_v oblige_v to_o lodge_v the_o foreign_a clergy_n and_o to_o feed_v the_o poor_a which_o come_v from_o abroad_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o this_o division_n be_v in_o four_o arithmetical_a and_o equal_a part_n but_o proportionable_o because_o in_o some_o church_n the_o number_n of_o the_o clergy_n require_v that_o their_o expense_n shall_v be_v great_a than_o for_o the_o poor_a on_o the_o contrary_a the_o great_a number_n of_o poor_a and_o the_o small_a number_n of_o clergyman_n require_v otherwise_o even_o as_o in_o the_o great_a city_n the_o charge_n of_o building_n be_v great_a but_o not_o so_o in_o the_o ordinary_a one_o because_o every_o church_n accept_v the_o decree_n of_o divide_v into_o four_o part_n make_v the_o division_n with_o different_a proportion_n according_a to_o their_o own_o different_a necessity_n i_o know_v that_o some_o do_v attribute_v this_o division_n to_o pope_n sylvester_n who_o be_v 150_o year_n before_o ground_v upon_o some_o feign_a scripture_n after_o with_o little_a honour_n to_o that_o age_n which_o be_v not_o then_o much_o pollute_v in_o the_o theodosian_a codicil_n 359._o ao._n 359._o there_o be_v find_v a_o law_n of_o constantius_n and_o julian_n 27._o page_n 27._o in_o the_o year_n 359_o exempt_v the_o marchant-clergy_n from_o pay_v custom_n or_o tribute_n because_o what_o they_o gain_v be_v the_o poors_z so_o far_o be_v we_o that_o the_o church_n good_n shall_v be_v divide_v that_o they_o leave_v their_o gain_n in_o common_a 550._o ao._n 550._o but_o in_o these_o year_n which_o be_v about_o 500_o although_o the_o rent_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n yet_o the_o estate_n be_v not_o divide_v neither_o the_o real_a estate_n nor_o the_o oblation_n and_o alm_n but_o all_o govern_v together_o by_o the_o deacon_n and_o subdeacon_n and_o the_o income_n divide_v into_o four_o part_n which_o thing_n have_v be_v necessary_a to_o be_v mention_v in_o this_o place_n because_o in_o succeed_v time_n there_o will_v be_v declare_v such_o a_o change_n of_o government_n which_o in_o and_o through_o all_o thing_n prove_v contrary_a to_o the_o ancient_n as_o also_o the_o manner_n of_o choose_v minister_n be_v as_o be_v abovesaid_a institute_v by_o the_o holy_a apostle_n that_o bishop_n priest_n 〈◊〉_d election_n of_o bishop_n &_o 〈◊〉_d and_o other_o minister_n of_o god_n word_n and_o the_o deacon_n minister_n of_o temporal_a thing_n shall_v be_v elect_v by_o the_o universality_n or_o generality_n of_o the_o faithful_a and_o shall_v be_v ordain_v by_o the_o bishop_n with_o lay_v of_o hand_n on_o the_o head_n a_o thing_n which_o last_v without_o alteration_n the_o bishop_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o people_n 28._o page_n 28._o and_o ordain_v by_o the_o metropolitain_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o all_o the_o cumprovincial_a bishop_n or_o else_o by_o their_o consent_n grant_v by_o letter_n from_o those_o who_o can_v not_o be_v present_a and_o if_o the_o metropolitain_n be_v hinder_v the_o ordination_n be_v make_v by_o three_o of_o the_o neighbour_a bishop_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o he_o and_o of_o those_o that_o be_v absent_a and_o after_o that_o many_o province_n for_o a_o better_a form_n of_o government_n be_v subject_a to_o one_o primate_n his_o consent_n be_v also_o require_v for_o ordain_v then_o the_o priest_n deacon_n and_o other_o clergyman_n be_v present_v by_o the_o people_n and_o ordain_v by_o the_o bishop_n or_o else_o nominate_v by_o the_o bishop_n and_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n ordain_v by_o he_o a_o unknown_a man_n be_v never_o receive_v neither_o do_v the_o bishop_n ever_o ordain_v one_o who_o be_v not_o approve_v of_o and_o commend_v or_o rather_o present_v by_o the_o people_n and_o the_o consent_n or_o interveen_n of_o the_o people_n be_v judge_v so_o necessary_a that_o pope_n leo_n the_o first_o treat_v ample_o that_o the_o ordination_n of_o a_o bishop_n can_v not_o be_v valid_a nor_o lawful_a which_o be_v not_o require_v or_o seek_v for_o by_o the_o people_n and_o by_o they_o approve_v of_o 29._o n._n 29._o which_o be_v say_v by_o all_o the_o saint_n of_o those_o time_n and_o st._n gregory_n esteem_v that_o constance_n can_v not_o be_v consecrate_a bishop_n of_o milan_n who_o have_v be_v elect_v by_o the_o clergy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o citizen_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o persecution_n be_v retire_v to_o genoa_n and_o prevail_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v first_o send_v unto_o to_o know_v their_o will_n a_o thing_n worthy_a of_o be_v note_v in_o our_o day_n ☜_o ☜_o when_o that_o election_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v illegitimate_a and_o null_a where_o the_o people_n have_v any_o share_n thus_o thing_n be_v change_v and_o pass_v into_o a_o quite_o contrary_a custom_n call_v that_o lawful_a which_o then_o be_v account_v wicked_a and_o that_o unjust_a which_o then_o be_v repute_v holy_a sometime_o when_o the_o bishop_n be_v grow_v old_a he_o nominate_v his_o own_o successor_n thus_o st._n augustin_n nominate_v eradius_fw-la but_o that_o nomination_n be_v of_o no_o value_n unless_o it_o be_v first_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o people_n all_o which_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v keep_v in_o mind_n to_o compare_v they_o with_o the_o custom_n and_o manner_n which_o be_v see_v to_o be_v practise_v in_o subsequent_a time_n it_o be_v necessary_a now_o to_o make_v a_o little_a digression_n for_o a_o new_a cause_n 30._o n._n 30._o which_o have_v bring_v a_o very_a great_a increase_n to_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n and_o spring_v up_o in_o these_o very_a time_n about_o the_o year_n 500_o and_o this_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o religious_a college_n call_v monastery_n 300._o ao._n 500_o monastery_n monkery_n ao._n 300._o monkery_n begin_v in_o egypt_n about_o the_o year_n 300_o those_o who_o flee_v from_o the_o persecution_n and_o from_o thence_o past_a into_o greece_n where_o by_o st._n basil_n about_o the_o year_n 370_o it_o be_v form_v in_o the_o manner_n which_o yet_o continue_v in_o those_o country_n but_o in_o italy_n about_o the_o year_n 350_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o rome_n by_o athanasius_n 350._o ao._n 350._o where_o he_o have_v but_o few_o follower_n and_o little_a applause_n in_o that_o city_n and_o in_o the_o neighbour_a place_n until_o that_o time_n of_o about_o the_o year_n 500_o when_o st._n equitius_n and_o st._n benedictus_n give_v it_o a_o settle_a form_n and_o difuse_v it_o though_o indeed_o the_o institution_n of_o st._n equitius_n extend_v itself_o but_o little_a and_o soon_o fail_v but_o that_o of_o st._n benedict_n spread_v itself_o all_o over_o italy_n and_o go_v beyond_o the_o mountain_n secular_o monk_n nor_o clerk_n but_o secular_o the_o monk_n in_o those_o day_n and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o be_v not_o clerk_n but_o secular_o and_o in_o the_o monastery_n which_o they_o have_v without_o the_o city_n they_o live_v upon_o their_o own_o labour_n of_o husbandry_n and_o other_o art_n together_o with_o some_o oblation_n make_v they_o by_o the_o faithful_a all_o which_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o abbot_n but_o in_o the_o city_n they_o live_v by_o their_o work_n 31._o n._n 31._o and_o by_o that_o which_o be_v appoint_v for_o public_a expense_n by_o the_o church_n these_o retain_v their_o ancient_a discipline_n much_o long_o the_o clerk_n after_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o church_n be_v divide_v lose_v sufficient_o of_o the_o people_n divotion_n whereupon_o there_o be_v few_o who_o either_o give_v or_o leave_v any_o more_o good_n to_o they_o so_o that_o the_o acquisition_n and_o purchase_n of_o the_o church_n will_v have_v be_v at_o a_o end_n but_o the_o monk_n continue_v the_o live_n in_o common_a and_o in_o pious_a work_n be_v cause_n that_o the_o liberality_n of_o the_o people_n be_v not_o extinguish_v but_o forsake_v the_o clerk_n turn_v towards_o they_o who_o be_v great_o instrumental_a in_o increase_v ecclesiastical_a wealth_n and_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n augment_v great_o in_o possession_n and_o income_n give_v to_o they_o and_o
or_o waste_v and_o therefore_o can_v not_o maintain_v the_o bishop_n convenient_o the_o metropolitan_a with_o the_o bishop_n assemble_v in_o council_n give_v two_o or_o more_o to_o one_o bishop_n and_o these_o city_n be_v call_v unite_v as_o likewise_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o the_o number_n of_o people_n increase_v and_o that_o one_o man_n only_o can_v not_o supply_v all_o one_o cure_n become_v divide_v into_o two_o yea_o unto_o these_o present_a time_n these_o method_n be_v commendable_o use_v which_o be_v for_o the_o service_n of_o god_n for_o spiritual_a benefit_n and_o for_o conveniency_n of_o the_o people_n but_o after_o they_o proceed_v to_o make_v union_n also_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o some_o pious_a place_n by_o which_o mean_v some_o benefice_n become_v unite_v to_o some_o bishopric_n or_o to_o some_o monastery_n or_o to_o some_o poor_a hospital_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o union_n the_o party_n beneficy_v seem_v indeed_o to_o have_v two_o benefice_n but_o in_o truth_n he_o have_v but_o one_o humane_a subtlety_n invent_v be_v willing_a to_o give_v two_o incompatible_a benefice_n to_o one_o person_n to_o unite_v the_o one_o unto_o the_o other_o during_o his_o life_n 148._o n._n 148._o so_o that_o give_v he_o the_o principal_a the_o unite_a be_v also_o give_v by_o consequence_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o save_v very_o well_o the_o law_n of_o have_v but_o one_o benefice_n in_o appearance_n but_o in_o the_o existence_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o observance_n of_o the_o word_n with_o transgression_n of_o the_o sense_n the_o jurisconsult_v call_v it_o the_o fraud_n of_o the_o law_n this_o serve_v also_o that_o they_o may_v give_v a_o cure_a benefice_n to_o a_o young_a striplin_n or_o boy_n or_o to_o any_o other_o illiterate_a person_n and_o without_o be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v sacred_a order_n by_o unite_n the_o cure_a benefice_n to_o a_o single_a one_o during_o life_n and_o confere_v the_o single_a one_o in_o title_n the_o beneficyary_n remain_v the_o curate_n patron_n also_o and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n be_v very_o well_o observe_v but_o the_o power_n of_o unite_n benefice_n for_o life_n be_v never_o grant_v to_o the_o bishop_n for_o any_o cause_n whatever_o but_o reserve_v to_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n only_o some_o lawyer_n call_v it_o a_o union_n in_o the_o name_n but_o in_o fact_n it_o be_v a_o relaxation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o they_o hold_v it_o for_o damnable_a wherefore_o also_o in_o some_o kingdom_n it_o have_v be_v prohibit_v it_o be_v long_o use_v by_o the_o roman_a court_n 149._o n._n 149._o now_o it_o be_v no_o more_o in_o use_n no_o more_o than_o many_o other_o cantelous_a thing_n not_o to_o call_v they_o fraud_n like_o these_o which_o speak_v too_o legal_o for_o the_o cause_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v when_o we_o come_v to_o our_o time_n the_o commendum_fw-la have_v also_o a_o good_a ancient_a institution_n commendum_n commendum_n for_o when_o a_o elective_a benefice_n become_v vacant_a either_o bishopric_n abbey_n or_o else_o a_o live_n which_o be_v jus_fw-la patronatus_fw-la for_o which_o the_o ordinary_a out_o of_o some_o respect_n can_v not_o provide_v immediate_o the_o care_n whereof_o be_v recommend_v by_o the_o superior_a to_o some_o worthy_a person_n until_o provision_n shall_v be_v make_v nevertheless_o that_o person_n have_v not_o power_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o incom_n but_o only_o to_o govern_v they_o and_o for_o this_o a_o excellent_a man_n be_v choose_v who_o usual_o be_v a_o beneficed_a man_n to_o who_o the_o recommend_v cure_n be_v a_o burden_n with_o which_o he_o be_v to_o be_v content_v for_o the_o church_n service_n only_o this_o can_v not_o be_v call_v 150._o n._n 150._o have_v a_o benefice_n recommend_v unto_o he_o but_o very_o improper_o and_o therefore_o in_o reality_n he_o have_v not_o two_o benefice_n although_o to_o make_v no_o difficulty_n of_o speech_n there_o arise_v a_o maxim_n among_o the_o canonist_n that_o a_o man_n may_v have_v two_o benefice_n the_o one_o in_o title_n the_o other_o in_o commendum_fw-la which_o commendum_fw-la at_o first_o last_v but_o until_o provision_n be_v make_v afterward_o they_o commend_v for_o a_o good_a while_n which_o sometime_o be_v long_o enough_o wherefore_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n forbid_v the_o bishop_n from_o commend_v for_o above_o six_o month_n not_o make_v the_o rule_n for_o himself_o but_o by_o a_o court_n style_v the_o commendum_fw-la contract_v a_o little_a custom_n not_o altogether_o commendable_a which_o be_v that_o when_o the_o pope_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o give_v any_o man_n a_o benefice_n it_o can_v not_o be_v do_v either_o for_o want_v of_o age_n or_o because_o the_o benefice_n be_v monacal_a and_o the_o person_n secular_a or_o for_o some_o other_o respect_n he_o commend_v it_o to_o he_o so_o long_o that_o he_o may_v acquire_v the_o necessary_a quality_n for_o to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o it_o but_o final_o about_o the_o year_n 1350_o all_o respect_n be_v lay_v aside_o the_o pope_n hold_v the_o other_o bishop_n strict_o to_o the_o term_n of_o six_o month_n 151._o n._n 151._o they_o proceed_v to_o give_v the_o commendum_fw-la for_o life_n which_o if_o it_o be_v give_v to_o one_o who_o have_v in_o title_n another_o incompatible_a benefice_n he_o observe_v very_o well_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n that_o two_o benefice_n can_v be_v give_v but_o one_o in_o title_n and_o the_o other_o in_o commendum_fw-la but_o the_o sense_n be_v defraud_v because_o that_o which_o be_v commendatory_a for_o life_n as_o touch_v the_o profit_n be_v like_a unto_o the_o titular_a also_o give_v a_o benefice_n in_o commendum_fw-la to_o one_o who_o have_v not_o the_o quality_n require_v by_o the_o canon_n do_v not_o disagree_v with_o the_o word_n thereof_o but_o it_o be_v give_v to_o he_o in_o deed_n and_o not_o give_v to_o he_o in_o word_n the_o commendum_n of_o bishopric_n and_o other_o benefice_n be_v almost_o out_o of_o use_n in_o italy_n there_o remain_v some_o abbey_n for_o the_o cause_n which_o in_o our_o time_n shall_v be_v declare_v by_o the_o mean_n abovesaid_a the_o pope_n draw_v to_o themselves_o great_a share_n of_o the_o beneficial_a disposal_n in_o all_o the_o christian_a kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n but_o in_o the_o eastern_a church_n he_o be_v never_o suffer_v to_o dispose_v of_o a_o atom_n not_o only_o in_o the_o last_o age_n of_o that_o empire_n when_o the_o greek_n be_v total_o divide_v 152._o n._n 152._o but_o likewise_o in_o the_o first_o age_n also_o when_o they_o be_v unite_v into_o a_o body_n except_o that_o in_o syria_n and_o in_o greece_n in_o the_o time_n and_o in_o the_o place_n which_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o french_a and_o of_o the_o venetian_n but_o the_o pope_n letter_n which_o dispose_v of_o benefice_n in_o manner_n abovesaid_a although_o they_o be_v indeed_o for_o the_o most_o part_n obey_v yet_o nevertheless_o not_o without_o some_o complaint_n and_o murmur_a put_v it_o often_o to_o dispute_v whether_o the_o pope_n can_v do_v this_o or_o that_o in_o italy_n none_o oppose_v the_o pope_n unless_o some_o pious_a man_n for_o respect_n of_o conscience_n and_o for_o the_o service_n of_o god_n it_o be_v beside_o profitable_a to_o the_o italian_n for_o such_o be_v the_o roman_a courtier_n who_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o pope_n ample_a authority_n receive_v incom_n from_o beyond_o the_o alps._n in_o spain_n the_o prudence_n of_o that_o nation_n in_o their_o practice_n delude_v the_o art_n of_o the_o court._n in_o england_n as_o in_o a_o region_n where_o the_o benefice_n be_v many_o and_o rich_a the_o roman_a courtier_n make_v great_a gain_n wherefore_o in_o the_o year_n 1232_o a_o league_n be_v make_v in_o that_o kingdom_n 153._o n._n 153._o between_o the_o english_a clergyman_n and_o the_o soldier_n against_o the_o roman_a clergyman_n benefice_v in_o that_o island_n who_o be_v spoil_v of_o their_o good_n and_o incom_n the_o pope_n command_v the_o king_n under_o pain_n of_o excommunication_n that_o he_o shall_v chastise_v or_o punish_v and_o persecute_v they_o with_o temporal_a arm_n and_o that_o the_o prelate_n shall_v excommunicate_v they_o but_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o numerous_a that_o the_o king_n dare_v not_o meddle_v with_o they_o neither_o do_v the_o prelate_n dare_v to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o spiritual_a weapon_n the_o affair_n remain_v quiet_a for_o a_o few_o year_n whereupon_o pope_n innocent_a the_o four_o a_o genoése_n take_v fresh_a courage_n and_o send_v one_o martin_n his_o kinsman_n by_o who_o mean_n he_o renew_v the_o fashion_n of_o the_o court_n upon_o which_o the_o english_a have_v recourse_n to_o the_o king_n complain_v that_o the_o italian_n get_v possession_n of_o all_o benefice_n the_o king_n banish_v martin_n from_o the_o kingdom_n and_o cause_v a_o account_n to_o be_v make_v of_o how_o much_o the_o pope_n
leave_v by_o will_n which_o indeed_o be_v then_o spend_v by_o they_o in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o monk_n and_o in_o hospitality_n in_o school_n and_o education_n of_o youth_n and_o in_o other_o pious_a work_n the_o abbot_n tritemius_fw-la make_v account_n that_o the_o monastery_n of_o benedict_n in_o monks_n be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 15000_o 32._o n._n 32._o beside_o the_o prepositure_n and_o lesser_a convent_v prepositure_fw-fr prepositure_fw-fr the_o monk_n themselves_o choose_v their_o own_o abbot_n who_o govern_v they_o spiritual_o and_o rule_v also_o as_o well_o the_o good_n which_o come_v by_o the_o charitable_a offering_n of_o the_o faithful_a as_o of_o those_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o labour_n and_o art_n of_o the_o monk_n and_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n those_o also_o which_o come_v from_o settle_a revenue_n but_o the_o bishop_n in_o these_o day_n which_o succeed_v the_o year_n 500_o 500_o ao._n 500_o be_v become_v absolute_a dispensator_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o church_n good_n begin_v also_o to_o mind_n more_o temporal_a thing_n and_o to_o make_v themselves_o to_o be_v follow_v in_o the_o city_n whereupon_o election_n be_v no_o more_o use_v as_o the_o end_n of_o divine_a service_n but_o with_o seditious_a practice_n proceed_v oftentimes_o from_o practice_n to_o public_a violence_n for_o which_o cause_n prince_n who_o until_o then_o take_v but_o little_a thought_n of_o who_o shall_v be_v elect_v unto_o this_o ministry_n begin_v to_o bethink_v themselves_o of_o it_o 33._o n._n 33._o be_v advertise_v by_o the_o holy_a man_n of_o those_o time_n that_o god_n have_v commit_v the_o protection_n of_o his_o church_n unto_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o ought_v by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o divine_a ministry_n to_o take_v such_o care_n that_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n shall_v be_v lawful_o manage_v the_o prince_n also_o see_v evident_o how_o great_a impediment_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o quietness_n of_o the_o state_n and_o against_o the_o good_a government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o private_a interest_n of_o the_o ambitious_a clergy_n and_o by_o the_o seditious_a practice_n which_o they_o use_v to_o acquire_v ecclesiastical_a dignity_n whereupon_o partly_o out_o of_o divine_a respect_n and_o partly_o for_o human_a they_o begin_v to_o prevent_v the_o clergy_n and_o the_o laity_n from_o provide_v themselves_o after_o their_o way_n according_a to_o their_o affection_n as_o well_o because_o affair_n be_v alter_v and_o the_o bishopric_n no_o more_o shun_v but_o covet_v they_o make_v party_n from_o whence_o proceed_v sedition_n and_o sometime_o popular_a slaughter_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o concurrent_n as_o also_o because_o sometime_o factious_a person_n be_v choose_v for_o bishop_n who_o hold_v private_a intelligence_n with_o the_o prince_n enemy_n which_o be_v never_o want_v in_o the_o western_a confusion_n 34._o n._n 34._o and_o sometime_o person_n be_v choose_v who_o have_v gain_v a_o train_n of_o people_n attempt_v some_o design_n to_o attribute_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o magistrate_n to_o themselves_o and_o will_v stir_v up_o the_o people_n to_o defend_v their_o enterprise_n whereupon_o the_o prince_n ordain_v that_o no_o person_n elect_v shall_v be_v consecrate_a without_o their_o consent_n or_o the_o magistrate_n the_o prince_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o great_a bishopric_n as_o in_o italy_n of_o rome_n ravenna_n and_o of_o milan_n leave_v the_o lesser_a bishopric_n to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o minister_n but_o take_v more_o heed_n to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n than_o to_o the_o appearance_n when_o in_o a_o city_n there_o be_v a_o eminent_a subject_n know_v to_o the_o people_n to_o who_o all_o be_v incline_v ☞_o ☞_o and_o the_o prince_n satisfy_v that_o he_o please_v the_o people_n occurrenza_n occurrenza_n when_o a_o occurrence_n come_v he_o be_v consecrate_a without_o more_o ado_n sometime_o also_o there_o happen_v through_o accident_n of_o war_n or_o of_o plague_n that_o one_o have_v be_v ordain_v before_o he_o have_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o prince_n 35._o n._n 35._o as_o happen_v to_o pelagius_n the_o second_o predecessor_n to_o st._n gregory_n rome_n be_v besiege_a by_o the_o lombard_n after_o the_o siege_n be_v raise_v he_o send_v gregory_n who_o be_v then_o deacon_n to_o make_v excuse_n to_o the_o emperor_n beseech_v he_o to_o confirm_v what_o necessity_n have_v constrain_v he_o to_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n pope_n be_v elect_v and_o bishop_n in_o italy_n until_o the_o year_n 750_o 750._o ao._n 750._o with_o the_o imperial_a confirmation_n but_o in_o france_n and_o in_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o alps_o the_o regal_a or_o the_o prince_n authority_n be_v herein_o more_o absolute_a for_o the_o people_n total_o desist_v from_o the_o election_n when_o the_o prince_n take_v it_o in_o hand_n good_a man_n forbear_v because_o believe_v themselves_o to_o be_v well_o provide_v with_o king_n esteem_v their_o intervention_n superfluous_a evil_a man_n because_o they_o be_v not_o certain_a of_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v their_o design_n to_o pass_v whereupon_o the_o king_n give_v the_o bishopric_n to_o they_o only_o throughout_o the_o kingdom_n in_o all_o gregory_n turonensis_n '_o history_n from_o clodovius_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n of_o france_n unto_o the_o year_n 590_o no_o bishop_n be_v know_v to_o be_v make_v but_o by_o the_o command_n or_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n 36._o n._n 36._o and_o st._n gregory_n who_o be_v make_v pope_n that_o year_n write_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n upon_o different_a occasion_n complain_v to_o they_o that_o the_o bishopric_n be_v not_o bestow_v on_o sufficient_a man_n and_o pray_v they_o to_o make_v choice_n of_o good_a and_o understand_a man_n he_o never_o reprehend_v the_o provision_n make_v by_o the_o king_n when_o the_o person_n provide_v be_v deserve_v as_o for_o bishop_n who_o be_v choose_v without_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o exclude_v they_o also_o from_o the_o election_n of_o priest_n deacon_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n reduce_v the_o power_n of_o nominate_v they_o to_o the_o prince_n only_o without_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o people_n part_n of_o they_o have_v withdraw_v themselves_o total_o from_o meddle_v in_o ecclesiastical_a congregation_n to_o attend_v their_o domestic_a affair_n other_o through_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o do_v arise_v among_o popular_a faction_n and_o some_o other_o for_o see_v themselves_o disrespect_a by_o the_o bishop_n grow_v potent_a as_o well_o by_o the_o riches_n he_o have_v to_o spend_v as_o by_o his_o dependence_n on_o the_o prince_n by_o who_o he_o be_v nominate_v to_o or_o confirm_v in_o the_o bishopric_n the_o prince_n sometime_o nominate_v those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v ordain_v 37._o n._n 37._o at_o other_o time_n he_o leave_v the_o care_n whole_o to_o the_o bishop_n chief_o when_o he_o be_v full_o confident_a which_o confidence_n be_v also_o cause_n that_o the_o prince_n oftentimes_o make_v use_n of_o the_o bishop_n either_o to_o compose_v difficalty_n among_o the_o people_n or_o to_o determine_v difficult_a cause_n the_o respect_n of_o religion_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o they_o be_v more_o believe_v than_o the_o magistrate_n whereupon_o they_o be_v more_o intent_n upon_o that_o than_o in_o teach_v the_o christian_a doctrine_n which_o at_o first_o be_v give_v they_o in_o charge_n therefore_o when_o make_v of_o a_o bishop_n be_v in_o question_n it_o behoove_v rather_o to_o have_v respect_n unto_o a_o wise_a wordling_n than_o unto_o one_o understanding_n in_o matter_n of_o faith_n which_o remain_v still_o unto_o this_o time_n it_o be_v say_v that_o except_v the_o place_n border_v on_o the_o insidell_n it_o be_v better_a make_v a_o bishop_n of_o a_o good_a jurisconsult_a or_o lawyer_n than_o of_o a_o good_a divine_a and_o true_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a thing_n if_o the_o principal_a office_n of_o a_o bishop_n be_v to_o judge_v cause_n 38._o n._n 38._o christ_n our_o lord_n ordain_v his_o apostle_n say_v as_o my_o father_n have_v send_v i_o so_o send_v i_o you_o by_o which_o they_o understand_v to_o be_v send_v to_o teach_v if_o now_o all_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v and_o there_o be_v no_o more_o need_n of_o it_o he_o may_v attend_v somewhat_o else_o heretofore_o the_o principal_a care_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v to_o teach_v and_o the_o next_o to_o oversee_v the_o government_n of_o the_o poor_a so_o that_o in_o the_o second_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o first_o there_o be_v some_o relaxation_n and_o therefore_o in_o make_v the_o division_n into_o four_o part_n abovemention_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o good_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o those_o be_v they_o who_o divide_v after_o their_o way_n so_o that_o where_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o priest_n be_v conscionable_a man_n the_o division_n be_v just_o
his_o annal_n with_o all_o opportunity_n and_o importunity_n be_v this_o that_o it_o be_v with_o a_o impious_a and_o a_o tyrannical_a usurpation_n of_o those_o prince_n and_o people_n to_o intermeddle_v in_o the_o election_n of_o bishop_n and_o chief_o of_o the_o pope_n not_o consider_v that_o the_o best_a pope_n have_v be_v provide_v by_o prince_n and_o that_o always_o when_o clergyman_n only_o have_v make_v the_o election_n infinite_a disorder_n have_v spring_v up_o but_o that_o which_o import_v more_o be_v that_o pope_n of_o a_o most_o holy_a life_n and_o emperor_n of_o perpetual_a memory_n have_v commend_v that_o practice_n and_o judge_v it_o necessary_a neither_o can_v it_o be_v now_o blame_v without_o slander_v two_o dozen_o of_o holy_a pope_n and_o particular_o st._n gregory_n 127._o n._n 127._o and_o the_o ancient_a doctrine_n of_o the_o council_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a father_n if_o at_o first_o the_o mystery_n have_v be_v discover_v whereto_o will_v have_v tend_v this_o take_v away_o the_o investiture_n from_o prince_n the_o clergy_n will_v not_o have_v be_v persuade_v unto_o novelty_n but_o they_o believe_v their_o own_o interest_n and_o liberty_n be_v concern_v wherefore_o the_o practice_n begin_v of_o bestow_v benefice_n in_o manner_n abovesaid_a every_o one_o in_o his_o diocese_n some_o by_o the_o election_n of_o the_o chapter_n some_o by_o collation_n or_o settle_v of_o the_o bishop_n and_o likewise_o the_o pope_n bestow_v those_o in_o the_o diocese_n of_o rome_n and_o meddle_v not_o with_o give_v benefice_n out_o of_o his_o diocese_n unless_o sometime_o in_o one_o case_n only_o that_o be_v when_o any_o prelate_n be_v go_v to_o rome_n either_o for_o devotion_n or_o for_o business_n die_v there_o and_o in_o his_o company_n there_o happen_v to_o be_v some_o note_a person_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n the_o pope_n immediate_o create_v he_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o decease_a and_o send_v he_o back_o write_v to_o the_o diocese_n or_o to_o the_o monastery_n lament_v the_o death_n of_o the_o decease_a and_o consolate_v they_o with_o the_o substitution_n of_o the_o person_n he_o have_v send_v they_o this_o thing_n be_v easy_o consent_v unto_o as_o well_o because_o it_o happen_v but_o rare_o or_o seldom_o 128._o n._n 128._o as_o because_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v the_o pope_n favour_n also_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o refuse_v a_o person_n deserve_v and_o of_o the_o same_o country_n but_o when_o the_o news_n of_o the_o death_n come_v to_o the_o place_n if_o the_o pope_n have_v make_v no_o provision_n already_o in_o manner_n aforesaid_a they_o stay_v no_o long_o but_o provide_v of_o themselves_o according_a to_o custom_n in_o nothing_o else_o do_v the_o pope_n meddle_v with_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n out_o of_o the_o diocese_n of_o rome_n the_o pope_n of_o rome_n nevertheless_o be_v very_o deserve_v from_o all_o the_o clerical_a order_n see_v that_o so_o many_o pope_n with_o so_o much_o toil_n and_o labour_n together_o with_o so_o much_o bloodshed_n have_v gain_v they_o that_o power_n and_o dominion_n over_o benefice_n and_o exclude_v the_o prince_n who_o from_o ancient_a time_n and_o the_o people_n who_o from_o the_o beginning_n have_v possession_n of_o that_o right_n wherefore_o he_o be_v hold_v in_o great_a esteem_n by_o the_o bishop_n who_o seek_v to_o gratify_v he_o all_o the_o way_n they_o can_v which_o put_v the_o pope_n in_o mind_n of_o deal_n with_o the_o bishop_n after_o that_o manner_n as_o the_o emperor_n be_v wont_a 129._o n._n 129._o which_o be_v to_o recommend_v one_o to_o they_o to_o be_v provide_v with_o a_o convenient_a benefice_n at_o first_o these_o request_n seem_v very_o strange_a to_o the_o prince_n they_o open_v a_o door_n by_o which_o stranger_n or_o outlandish_a man_n get_v a_o inlet_n to_o be_v beneficy_v in_o their_o kingdom_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v favourable_o accept_v and_o answer_v by_o the_o bishop_n with_o gratification_n who_o only_o be_v intent_n on_o the_o exclude_v of_o prince_n never_o think_v that_o another_o by_o deprive_v they_o can_v assume_v to_o himself_o the_o settlement_n of_o benefice_n but_o short_o after_o through_o the_o profitableness_n which_o the_o court_n receive_v from_o those_o who_o make_v present_n to_o obtain_v the_o pope_n favour_n and_o for_o the_o charge_n of_o bull_n they_o begin_v to_o multiply_v the_o desire_n and_o the_o recommendation_n of_o the_o pope_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o bishop_n become_v deprive_v of_o almost_o all_o collation_n whereupon_o they_o be_v sometime_o force_v to_o pass_v without_o comply_v with_o they_o the_o pope_n find_v a_o remedy_n for_o this_o by_o add_v command_n unto_o his_o request_n which_o be_v obey_v at_o first_o 130._o n._n 130._o but_o for_o be_v too_o frequent_a it_o constrain_v the_o bishop_n to_o transgress_v the_o command_n and_o without_o respect_n thereunto_o or_o to_o the_o censure_n therein_o contain_v they_o make_v collation_n in_o regard_n to_o themselves_o and_o to_o their_o church_n and_o it_o behoove_v the_o pope_n afterward_o to_o be_v content_a for_o a_o thing_n do_v and_o to_o pardon_v they_o see_v there_o be_v no_o other_o remedy_n the_o course_n whereby_o benefice_n be_v obtain_v in_o rome_n will_v have_v be_v easy_o stop_v but_o there_o be_v a_o remedy_n invent_v for_o it_o at_o court_n for_o beside_o the_o desire_n and_o command_n they_o add_v a_o executor_n who_o if_o the_o bishop_n will_v not_o confer_v the_o benefice_n he_o be_v to_o confer_v it_o and_o to_o punish_v the_o bishop_n beside_o for_o disobedience_n however_o they_o use_v that_o method_n but_o spare_o and_o when_o the_o bishop_n have_v be_v stubborn_a but_o at_o last_o for_o a_o quick_a dispatch_n they_o come_v to_o yield_v to_o prayer_n to_o the_o mandate_n and_o to_o execution_n altogether_o wherefore_o the_o church_n and_o the_o bishop_n feel_v themselves_o much_o aggrieve_v 131._o n._n 131._o and_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o nation_n complain_v not_o only_o for_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o faculty_n but_o also_o because_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o benefice_n which_o by_o a_o most_o ancient_a custom_n be_v bestow_v on_o the_o native_n fall_v all_o unto_o stranger_n who_o be_v at_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n whereupon_o oftentimes_o those_o be_v make_v bishop_n and_o curate_n who_o understand_v not_o the_o people_n language_n which_o they_o be_v not_o apt_a to_o learn_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a difference_n as_o many_o italian_n who_o be_v benefice_v in_o england_n and_o the_o disorder_n grow_v so_o great_a that_o he_o chief_o the_o curate_n who_o understand_v not_o the_o language_n of_o the_o people_n be_v forbid_v by_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n from_o have_v any_o benefice_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o power_n of_o dispense_v dispense_v power_n of_o dispense_v which_o do_v not_o remove_v the_o disorder_n but_o only_o increase_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o solicitor_n or_o entreaters_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o court_n they_o not_o stick_v to_o give_v the_o reversion_n unto_o stranger_n grant_v they_o afterward_o a_o brief_a of_o dispensation_n but_o although_o such_o ample_a authority_n which_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n have_v assume_v to_o itself_o be_v displease_v to_o man_n of_o good_a zeal_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o grateful_a to_o a_o great_a number_n of_o clergyman_n and_o other_o person_n desirous_a of_o benefice_n 132._o n._n 132._o who_o be_v subject_a to_o canonical_a impediment_n which_o render_v they_o uncapable_a this_o sort_n of_o person_n no_o bishop_n dare_v to_o promote_v as_o retain_v the_o due_a reverence_n to_o the_o canon_n nevertheless_o that_o which_o no_o man_n will_v do_v the_o pope_n do_v easy_o dispense_n against_o canon_n and_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n introduce_v the_o say_n de_fw-la plenitudine_fw-la potestatis_fw-la and_o the_o little_a clause_n non_fw-la obstantibus_fw-la a_o thing_n unknown_a and_o not_o hear_v of_o in_o so_o many_o age_n which_o be_v now_o put_v into_o every_o beneficial_a bull_n yea_o the_o pope_n themselves_o in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o benefice_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n in_o good_a time_n or_o time_n of_o prosperity_n make_v profession_n of_o be_v great_a observer_n of_o the_o canon_n than_o any_o other_o bishop_n and_o one_o of_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o holy_a pope_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o st._n leo_n and_o his_o successor_n be_v the_o punctual_a observance_n of_o the_o canon_n first_o by_o themselves_o then_o by_o other_o neither_o ought_v it_o to_o be_v say_v that_o these_o be_v of_o less_o authority_n 133._o n._n 133._o but_o certain_a it_o be_v they_o be_v of_o great_a goodness_n and_o knowledge_n and_o they_o dare_v not_o do_v otherwise_o than_o what_o be_v permit_v unto_o other_o whereas_o afterward_o every_o thing_n be_v do_v at_o rome_n which_o other_o dare_v not_o do_v elsewhere_o st._n barnard_n who_o live_v in_o the_o first_o time_n of_o
these_o introduction_n which_o although_o they_o have_v not_o pass_v so_o former_o as_o happen_v afterward_o write_v to_o eugenius_n the_o three_o rebuke_n they_o sharp_o complain_v that_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n be_v the_o place_n whereto_o the_o ambitious_a the_o covetous_a the_o simonist_n the_o sacrilegious_a the_o concubine-keeper_n and_o the_o incestuous_a have_v their_o recourse_n to_o obtain_v benefice_n for_o they_o find_v none_o who_o will_v receive_v they_o in_o other_o place_n rome_n be_v the_o only_a place_n which_o make_v that_o legal_a or_o lawful_a which_o every_o where_o else_o be_v repute_v unlawful_a the_o pope_n themselves_o can_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o grant_n of_o these_o expectancy_n or_o reversion_n be_v burdensome_a to_o the_o church_n yea_o gregory_n the_o 9th_o c._n mandatum_fw-la de_fw-fr rescrip_n confess_v it_o with_o open_a word_n wherefore_o they_o be_v restrain_v by_o insert_v this_o little_a clause_n if_o we_o have_v not_o write_v for_o another_o bring_v into_o custom_n 134._o n._n 134._o that_o every_o pope_n may_v grant_v a_o reversion_n upon_o any_o church_n and_o no_o more_o beside_o they_o be_v wont_v afterward_o at_o their_o entrance_n into_o the_o popedom_n to_o revoke_v all_o the_o reversion_n grant_v by_o their_o predecessor_n that_o their_o own_o may_v take_v place_n more_o easy_o or_o else_o that_o those_o who_o have_v obtain_v they_o may_v be_v necessitate_v to_o have_v new_a one_o at_o new_a charge_n for_o to_o confirm_v they_o therein_o as_o for_o elective_a benefice_n which_o be_v bishopric_n and_o abbey_n they_o give_v no_o expectancy_n or_o reversion_n there_o be_v no_o example_n of_o it_o for_o they_o have_v be_v bestow_v by_o the_o prince_n but_o the_o court_n invent_v other_o mode_n or_o way_n whereby_o they_o often_o draw_v the_o collation_n of_o they_o to_o rome_n set_v forth_o many_o condition_n which_o be_v necessary_o to_o be_v observe_v before_o come_v to_o the_o election_n and_o other_o in_o the_o celebration_n thereof_o and_o require_v divers_a quality_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o elect_v 135._o n._n 135._o add_v thereunto_o that_o if_o any_o of_o these_o be_v not_o observe_v the_o elector_n be_v for_o that_o time_n deprive_v of_o the_o power_n of_o choose_v which_o devolve_v itself_o to_o rome_n beside_o this_o also_o and_o for_o divers_a respect_n of_o the_o elector_n or_o for_o other_o cause_n there_o arise_v among_o they_o difficulty_n about_o the_o election_n for_o which_o cause_n one_o of_o the_o party_n will_v appeal_v to_o rome_n where_o most_o common_o the_o wrong_n be_v give_v to_o both_o and_o the_o election_n make_v invalid_a and_o the_o collation_n of_o the_o bishopric_n or_o abbey_n for_o that_o time_n be_v draw_v to_o rome_n also_o when_o the_o court_n hear_v of_o a_o vacancy_n of_o some_o good_a bishopric_n or_o abbey_n which_o have_v happen_v it_o dispatch_v immediate_o a_o letter_n preceptory_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o proceed_n to_o the_o election_n without_o his_o knowledge_n and_o with_o a_o honest_a show_n or_o colour_n of_o help_v or_o prevent_v disorder_n which_o may_v happen_v he_o send_v a_o person_n to_o assist_v and_o preside_v in_o the_o election_n through_o who_o mean_n by_o divers_a way_n and_o management_n the_o election_n be_v make_v to_o fall_v on_o he_o who_o be_v to_o be_v the_o great_a benefactor_n to_o rome_n there_o happen_v then_o for_o the_o cause_n above_o write_v 136._o n._n 136._o that_o few_o election_n of_o bishopric_n and_o of_o monastery_n be_v celebrate_v but_o for_o some_o of_o these_o respect_n be_v examine_v at_o rome_n whereupon_o the_o pope_n mediate_v or_o interpose_v himself_o in_o most_o of_o the_o subsequent_a election_n cover_v it_o with_o the_o honest_a title_n of_o devolution_n for_o the_o public_a service_n see_v that_o the_o usual_a elector_n want_v of_o that_o which_o be_v their_o due_n they_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o put_v to_o their_o hand_n also_o either_o by_o command_v when_o it_o seem_v to_o they_o that_o the_o elector_n shall_v not_o come_v to_o the_o election_n without_o their_o leave_n or_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o choose_v but_o by_o the_o counsel_n of_o some_o person_n nominate_v by_o they_o thus_o by_o different_a way_n they_o come_v to_o assume_v some_o share_n in_o the_o election_n also_o these_o method_n various_o use_v according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o accident_n have_v not_o the_o power_n of_o a_o law_n but_o of_o custom_n or_o of_o reasonableness_n unto_o the_o year_n 1227_o when_o gregory_n the_o 9th_o have_v consider_v how_o theodosius_n form_v the_o politic_a of_o the_o empire_n collect_v his_o rescription_n or_o decretal_n and_o those_o of_o precede_a prince_n into_o a_o book_n 137._o n._n 137._o which_o be_v afterward_o call_v the_o theodosian_a codex_fw-la and_o justinian_n have_v accommodate_v the_o ancient_a law_n according_a to_o the_o time_n then_o be_v and_o reduce_v the_o decree_n of_o his_o predecessor_n into_o a_o body_n he_o call_v they_o the_o justinian_n codex_fw-la so_o the_o same_o gregory_n the_o 9th_o frame_v a_o politic_a have_v reduce_v into_o a_o body_n all_o the_o rescription_n or_o decretal_n together_o with_o the_o accident_n which_o happen_v serve_v to_o the_o roman_a greatness_n and_o have_v extend_v that_o to_o a_o common_a use_n which_o have_v be_v establish_v for_o a_o particular_a place_n and_o perhaps_o for_o that_o special_a case_n only_o and_o have_v abolish_v other_o call_v that_o book_n the_o decretal_a of_o gregory_n the_o 9th_o which_o begin_v to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n and_o to_o establish_v the_o roman_a monarchy_n chief_o in_o beneficial_a matter_n in_o which_o book_n there_o be_v much_o more_o concern_v the_o edification_n of_o law-fruit_n than_o concern_v the_o edification_n of_o soul_n the_o old_a collector_n of_o canon_n particular_o gratian_n make_v a_o collection_n of_o all_o that_o he_o account_v proper_a to_o the_o papal_a greatness_n yet_o not_o without_o change_n 138._o n._n 138._o alteration_n and_o falsification_n also_o of_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o sentence_n be_v take_v and_o it_o be_v believe_v by_o he_o he_o have_v raise_v that_o authority_n to_o the_o great_a height_n it_o can_v attain_v unto_o and_o for_o those_o time_n he_o be_v not_o mistake_v but_o affair_n be_v alter_v that_o compilement_n be_v not_o for_o his_o purpose_n but_o after_o that_o which_o he_o call_v his_o decree_n follow_v this_o decretal_a which_o give_v no_o satisfaction_n neither_o but_o from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o the_o pope_n advance_v in_o authority_n they_o frame_v new_a rule_n for_o themselves_o so_o that_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o benefice_n neither_o the_o decree_n nor_o the_o decretal_a nor_o the_o sesto_n have_v any_o more_o room_n but_o other_o rule_n as_o shall_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o great_a method_n which_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n use_v in_o bestow_v of_o so_o many_o benefice_n draw_v thither_o all_o sort_n of_o clergyman_n those_o who_o have_v none_o to_o gain_v some_o and_o those_o who_o have_v to_o aspire_v unto_o great_a or_o better_a so_o that_o beside_o the_o old_a cause_n this_o also_o be_v add_v that_o many_o become_v non-resident_n which_o the_o court_n can_v not_o dissemble_v for_o every_o diocese_n complain_v that_o the_o church_n be_v without_o government_n 139._o n._n 139._o and_o attribute_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o evil_a where_o it_o true_o be_v wherefore_o it_o be_v resolve_v some_o provision_n shall_v be_v make_v for_o it_o therefore_o it_o seem_v not_o convenient_a to_o the_o pope_n of_o these_o time_n to_o proceed_v as_o former_o with_o castigation_n because_o the_o disorder_n be_v too_o common_a as_o also_o because_o it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o send_v all_o out_o of_o rome_n which_o if_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v do_v the_o court_n will_v have_v remain_v empty_a and_o every_o one_o will_v have_v endeavour_v to_o obtain_v benefice_n from_o his_o bishop_n near_o to_o who_o he_o be_v personal_o rather_o than_o to_o send_v salary_n and_o messenger_n to_o rome_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o expectancy_n or_o reversion_n however_o a_o medium_fw-la be_v find_v by_o make_v of_o law_n which_o command_v residency_n to_o that_o sort_n of_o benefice_a man_n who_o can_v expect_v but_o little_a from_o the_o court_n speak_v nothing_o of_o other_o thus_o alexander_n the_o 3d_o in_o the_o year_n 1179_o command_v residency_n to_o all_o benefice_a person_n who_o have_v the_o cure_n of_o soul_n the_o it_o be_v add_v also_o all_o those_o who_o have_v dignity_n 140._o n._n 140._o administration_n or_o canonship_n of_o other_o inferior_a benefice_a man_n it_o be_v never_o say_v they_o be_v oblige_v to_o refidency_n and_o much_o less_o be_v they_o command_v to_o reside_v wherefore_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o account_v themselves_o not_o oblige_v to_o it_o in_o such_o manner_n there_o arise_v a_o distinction_n
treat_v and_o speak_v follow_v not_o that_o which_o he_o be_v inward_o sensible_a of_o the_o clerk_n or_o clergyman_n be_v become_v administrator_n of_o these_o good_n by_o law_n which_o have_v grant_v unto_o christian_a college_n the_o power_n of_o acquire_v estate_n 227._o n._n 227._o both_o by_o will_n and_o donation_n of_o those_o who_o have_v bequeath_v their_o good_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n which_o the_o church_n have_v give_v unto_o the_o say_a clergy_n in_o the_o canon_n therefore_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o govern_v and_o to_o dispense_v these_o estate_n according_a to_o the_o law_n disposition_n donation_n and_o testamentary_a disposition_n and_o according_a to_o the_o canon_n and_o that_o which_o may_v be_v do_v contrary_a to_o it_o can_v be_v call_v otherwise_o than_o injustice_n injury_n and_o usurpation_n the_o canonist_n say_v that_o the_o pope_n have_v most_o full_a power_n over_o the_o good_n and_o benefice_n ecclesiastical_a so_o that_o he_o may_v conjoin_v they_o diminish_v they_o erect_v new_a one_o give_v they_o ad_fw-la nutum_fw-la confer_v they_o before_o they_o become_v vacant_a lay_v upon_o they_o servitude_n burden_n and_o pension_n and_o general_o that_o in_o beneficial_a matter_n the_o pope_n will_n be_v in_o the_o stead_n of_o reason_n or_o right_o this_o suffice_v not_o but_o they_o add_v that_o the_o pope_n may_v alter_v or_o transform_v into_o other_o work_n the_o legacy_n ad_fw-la pias_fw-la causas_fw-la and_o may_v alter_v the_o disposition_n of_o testator_n apply_v that_o to_o another_o which_o they_o shall_v have_v appoint_v for_o a_o pious_a work_n and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o this_o be_v the_o practice_n which_o have_v change_v all_o the_o government_n and_o all_o the_o ancient_a institution_n 228._o n._n 228._o but_o it_o remain_v still_o in_o doubt_n who_o do_v amiss_o and_o err_v the_o ancient_a or_o the_o modern_a if_o so_o much_o as_o a_o doubt_n may_v happen_v martin_n navarr_n with_o some_o of_o the_o more_o moderate_a canonist_n limit_n this_o proposition_n that_o the_o pope_n may_v alter_v the_o last_o will_n only_o restrain_v when_o there_o be_v a_o lawful_a cause_n of_o do_v it_o which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v to_o deprive_v a_o man_n of_o his_o own_o and_o of_o the_o power_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o natural_a and_o by_o the_o divine_a law_n come_v down_o also_o to_o this_o particular_a that_o the_o pope_n can_v without_o cause_n give_v that_o to_o one_o church_n which_o be_v leave_v unto_o another_o therefore_o how_o much_o less_o unto_o person_n not_o call_v navarrus_n say_v also_o that_o the_o say_n of_o the_o gloss_n approve_v by_o the_o canonist_n that_o be_v in_o beneficial_a matter_n the_o pope_n will_n be_v instead_o and_o take_v the_o place_n of_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o in_o thing_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la positivo_fw-la but_o not_o in_o that_o which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o disagree_v with_o natural_a and_o divine_a law_n and_o those_o who_o give_v no_o unlimited_a power_n unto_o the_o pope_n 229._o n._n 229._o will_v also_o exclude_v the_o canon_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n not_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o absurdity_n that_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o such_o importance_n the_o universal_a church_n shall_v have_v err_v and_o do_v amiss_o and_o that_o the_o court_n shall_v do_v upright_o the_o say_v navarrus_n add_v further_a that_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o clementines_n that_o the_o free_a disposal_n of_o benefice_n belong_v to_o the_o pope_n the_o word_n free_n be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o licence_n leave_v or_o consent_v and_o notwithstanding_o the_o contradiction_n of_o any_o man_n soever_o but_o yet_o without_o prejudice_n of_o the_o three_o if_o we_o shall_v admit_v of_o this_o exposition_n as_o it_o seem_v convenient_a to_o be_v admit_v there_o will_v be_v see_v a_o great_a opposition_n to_o reservation_n because_o they_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o bishop_n in_o the_o give_n of_o benefice_n unto_o stranger_n because_o it_o be_v with_o prejudice_n to_o those_o of_o the_o country_n in_o who_o favour_n the_o will_n be_v make_v and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v very_o favourable_a to_o the_o pretention_n to_o have_v power_n or_o to_o be_v able_a to_o alter_v the_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o decease_a i_o know_v well_o that_o other_o answer_v to_o this_o that_o all_o be_v true_a 230._o n._n 230._o when_o there_o be_v no_o legitimate_a cause_n but_o the_o point_n be_v who_o shall_v be_v judge_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o cause_n for_o if_o it_o belong_v to_o himself_o who_o authority_n be_v to_o be_v restrain_v it_o be_v as_o good_a to_o give_v he_o the_o absolute_a authority_n as_o that_o which_o be_v limit_v with_o a_o lawful_a cause_n unless_o the_o law_n be_v above_o it_o navarrus_n add_v very_o notable_a thing_n say_v that_o in_o our_o age_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o jurisconsult_v which_o expatiate_v so_o much_o the_o papal_a power_n in_o beneficial_a matter_n be_v in_o much_o credit_n to_o please_v those_o who_o be_v ambitious_a of_o many_o benefice_n which_o they_o accept_v as_o fit_v for_o their_o ambition_n and_o covetousness_n who_o hear_v a_o divine_a say_v public_o and_o a_o famous_a canonist_n that_o they_o will_v willing_o accept_v of_o all_o the_o benefice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n if_o the_o pope_n will_v bestow_v they_o upon_o they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a pius_fw-la quintus_fw-la tell_v they_o that_o the_o jurisconsult_v be_v wont_a to_o attribute_v more_o power_n than_o convenient_a to_o the_o pope_n whereto_o he_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v some_o also_o which_o do_v not_o extol_v but_o that_o it_o behoove_v to_o walk_v in_o the_o middle_a way_n have_v respect_n unto_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n together_o 231._o n._n 231._o not_o do_v like_o the_o modern_a jurisconsult_v who_o magnify_v humane_a law_n so_o much_o that_o they_o answer_v against_o the_o divine_a however_o i_o intend_v not_o to_o contradict_v the_o opinion_n which_o give_v so_o much_o power_n for_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o the_o pope_n of_o who_o be_v treat_v although_o it_o comprehend_v not_o how_o it_o agree_v with_o divinity_n and_o with_o reason_n i_o shall_v only_o propose_v some_o difficulty_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v promoted_n by_o writer_n on_o such_o a_o opinion_n which_o when_o they_o shall_v have_v resolve_v truth_n in_o this_o matter_n will_v be_v most_o clear_a and_o first_o if_o the_o pope_n have_v such_o a_o ample_a authority_n who_o have_v give_v it_o he_o not_o christ_n because_o the_o authority_n give_v by_o he_o be_v only_o be_v spiritual_a thing_n for_o lose_v and_o for_o bind_v that_o be_v for_o remit_v and_o for_o retain_v of_o sin_n and_o then_o the_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n be_v possess_v de_fw-la jure_fw-la hamano_n and_o not_o divino_fw-la and_o for_o such_o it_o have_v be_v resolve_v above_o and_o therefore_o he_o have_v not_o receive_v this_o power_n from_o god_n much_o less_o from_o the_o law_n of_o prince_n from_o testamentary_a disposition_n 232._o n._n 232._o nor_o from_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n because_o all_o these_o have_v give_v the_o administration_n to_o the_o clergyman_n of_o each_o church_n over_o the_o estate_n and_o benefice_n thereof_o and_o prescribed_o also_o with_o limit_a condition_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v alter_v therefore_o he_o have_v it_o not_o from_o these_o there_o be_v no_o other_o patron_n in_o be_v nor_o none_o can_v have_v authority_n unless_o grant_v by_o these_o therefore_o it_o remain_v to_o be_v consider_v from_o whence_o and_o by_o what_o other_o way_n it_o have_v be_v give_v he_o to_o this_o doubt_v a_o second_o may_v be_v add_v if_o the_o pope_n have_v this_o authority_n what_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o his_o predecessor_n for_o a_o thousand_o year_n and_o more_o have_v never_o exercise_v any_o nor_o any_o ancient_a doctor_n nor_o council_n nor_o historian_n nor_o father_n nor_o canon_n have_v so_o much_o as_o make_v mention_n of_o it_o it_o can_v be_v attribute_v that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n for_o that_o now_o which_o be_v not_o in_o those_o time_n because_o that_o in_o the_o age_n that_o past_a between_o the_o year_n 800_o and_o 1100_o for_o 300_o year_n the_o disorder_n be_v so_o great_a throughout_o all_o europe_n that_o in_o comparison_n of_o those_o 233._o n._n 233._o these_o at_o present_a be_v tolerable_a and_o indeed_o no_o pope_n do_v so_o much_o as_o intrude_v himself_o into_o the_o estate_n of_o other_o church_n which_o have_v great_a need_n of_o be_v govern_v and_o after_o the_o pope_n have_v begin_v to_o interpose_v themselves_o in_o some_o place_n until_o the_o time_n of_o clement_n the_o four_o no_o man_n ever_o pretend_v to_o such_o a_o ample_a and_o absolute_a power_n but_o the_o say_v clement_n have_v not_o direct_o publish_v
also_o give_v authority_n to_o who_o he_o think_v fit_a enable_v he_o in_o like_a manner_n to_o concur_v with_o the_o ordinary_a or_o to_o prevent_v it_o as_o they_o have_v since_o give_v this_o faculty_n unto_o legate_n with_o a_o general_a constitution_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o wonder-worthy_a in_o the_o consideration_n of_o benefice_n faithful_a election_n of_o minister_n belong_v to_o the_o faithful_a than_o it_o be_v as_o clear_a as_o the_o light_n at_o noon_n day_n that_o the_o election_n of_o minister_n be_v at_o first_o by_o the_o faithful_a people_n than_o it_o pass_v unto_o the_o prince_n after_o the_o christian_a faith_n be_v receive_v they_o mind_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n and_o final_o it_o be_v reduce_v unto_o the_o ecclesiastical_a order_n only_o 161._o n._n 161._o the_o secular_o be_v exclude_v by_o the_o management_n of_o gregory_n the_o seven_o and_o his_o successor_n yet_o there_o still_o remain_v in_o each_o diocese_n the_o election_n and_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n and_o of_o their_o office_n which_o since_o by_o little_a and_o little_a the_o pope_n of_o rome_n have_v assume_v to_o themselves_o by_o the_o way_n abovesaid_a and_o to_o be_v say_v hereafter_o nevertheless_o the_o canonist_n either_o out_o of_o animosity_n or_o because_o it_o be_v not_o their_o profession_n to_o know_v any_o thing_n beside_o the_o decretal_n have_v say_v and_o do_v say_v in_o our_o day_n without_o respect_n unto_o the_o notorious_a truth_n which_o be_v against_o it_o that_o heretofore_o the_o pope_n provide_v all_o bishopric_n and_o other_o benefice_n and_o that_o he_o afterward_o out_o of_o favour_n grant_v the_o election_n to_o the_o chapter_n and_o the_o collation_n unto_o the_o bishop_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o one_o day_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v answer_v in_o the_o article_n of_o our_o faith_n for_o make_v a_o doctrine_n to_o pass_v into_o the_o church_n which_o be_v so_o direct_o contrary_a to_o what_o they_o cause_v to_o be_v preach_v in_o former_a time_n when_o anselmus_fw-la bishop_n of_o lucca_n who_o write_v three_o book_n against_o gilbert_n the_o antipope_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o say_v gregory_n the_o seven_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v throughout_o all_o the_o second_o of_o which_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n 162._o n._n 162._o of_o the_o holy_a father_n of_o general_a counsel_n by_o the_o custom_n observe_v from_o the_o apostle_n time_n unto_o he_o who_o write_v in_o the_o year_n 1080_o prove_v that_o the_o election_n of_o bishop_n by_o he_o call_v pope_n belong_v to_o the_o clergy_n and_o to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o same_o diocese_n and_o that_o the_o most_o pious_a emperor_n constantine_n constant_n valentinianus_n theodosius_n honorius_n carolus_n ludovicus_n and_o other_o excellent_a man_n for_o faith_n and_o in_o religion_n never_o violate_v such_o a_o custom_n observe_v in_o the_o holy_a church_n from_o the_o apostle_n time_n and_o a_o constitution_n of_o carolus_n and_o ludovicus_n pius_n be_v bear_v or_o contain_v in_o the_o chapitolar_n that_o bishop_n shall_v be_v elect_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o by_o the_o people_n of_o their_o own_o diocese_n according_a to_o the_o canon_n say_v that_o this_o constitution_n be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o holy_a father_n and_o no_o less_o than_o if_o by_o the_o nicene_n council_n or_o by_o any_o other_o general_n synod_n it_o have_v be_v promulgate_v by_o the_o holy-ghost_n through_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o emperor_n where_o it_o be_v see_v that_o to_o take_v the_o election_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o prince_n they_o hold_v for_o a_o tradition_n that_o the_o contrary_a of_o which_o they_o be_v willing_a now_o adays_o shall_v be_v write_v by_o the_o canonist_n 163._o n._n 163._o and_o believe_v by_o we_o so_o that_o of_o necessity_n the_o canonist_n must_v err_v or_o else_o the_o allegation_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o lucca_n have_v err_v and_o if_o the_o ordination_n of_o bishop_n in_o their_o diocese_n after_o the_o manner_n aforesaid_a be_v the_o liberty_n of_o each_o one_o of_o the_o church_n as_o the_o father_n and_o the_o counsel_n teach_v and_o grant_v they_o by_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n let_v not_o those_o talk_n so_o disorderly_a who_o say_v the_o court_n have_v put_v all_o the_o church_n in_o bondage_n under_o pretext_n of_o defend_v they_o their_o liberty_n seek_v this_o time_n that_o have_v speak_v in_o divers_a occasion_n of_o different_a way_n of_o gain_v estate_n to_o the_o church_n i_o touch_v the_o manner_n of_o preserve_v they_o which_o be_v by_o prohibit_v all_o manner_n of_o alienation_n alienation_n alienation_n a_o thing_n diametrical_o contrary_a to_o that_o which_o the_o primitive_a church_n observe_v wherefore_o if_o when_o it_o be_v lawful_a by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o prince_n for_o the_o church_n to_o purchase_v estate_n in_o land_n 164._o n._n 164._o they_o may_v retain_v those_o which_o be_v give_v or_o bequeath_v it_o be_v therefore_o in_o the_o bishop_n liberty_n not_o only_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o income_n but_o also_o to_o sell_v the_o very_a estate_n to_o discharge_v the_o necessary_a expense_n in_o maintain_v the_o minister_n and_o the_o poor_a as_o also_o to_o give_v or_o bestow_v according_a to_o exigency_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o dispensator_fw-la grant_v to_o the_o bishop_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o fruit_n only_o as_o at_o present_a but_o also_o unto_o the_o estate_n itself_o and_o to_o other_o chapter_n which_o at_o first_o be_v administer_v with_o sincerity_n so_o that_o there_o arise_v no_o inconveniency_n thereby_o and_o last_v a_o long_a time_n in_o poor_a church_n where_o the_o estate_n be_v but_o small_a and_o the_o bishop_n of_o no_o great_a authority_n there_o be_v no_o matter_n or_o cause_n of_o transgression_n but_o in_o rich_a church_n and_o great_a one_o where_o the_o reputation_n embolden_v the_o bishop_n to_o attempt_v that_o which_o will_v not_o have_v be_v permit_v unto_o all_o and_o abundance_n give_v matter_n of_o be_v able_a to_o make_v use_n of_o some_o part_n arbitrary_o the_o bishop_n begin_v to_o exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o modesty_n from_o dispense_v they_o come_v to_o dissipate_v against_o which_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o provide_v neither_o the_o provision_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o clergyman_n but_o from_o secular_a man_n to_o who_o prejudice_n it_o be_v 165._o n._n 165._o for_o the_o public_a estate_n of_o the_o church_n be_v lessen_v the_o clergy_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o take_v their_o live_n who_o be_v the_o first_o but_o the_o poor_a who_o remain_v to_o the_o last_o in_o the_o most_o principal_a church_n which_o be_v rome_n and_o constantinople_n the_o provision_n be_v also_o first_o necessary_a wherefore_o leo_n the_o emperor_n by_o a_o law_n of_o he_o anno._n 470_o prohibit_v the_o church_n of_o constantinople_n from_o every_o alienation_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 483_o basilius_n cecina_n praefect_n we_o praetorius_n of_o king_n odoacre_n in_o rome_n the_o see_v of_o simplicius_n be_v vacant_a by_o a_o decree_n make_v in_o the_o church_n ordain_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n shall_v not_o be_v alienate_v which_o be_v not_o find_v strange_a by_o three_o succeed_v pope_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 502_o odoacre_n be_v extinct_a and_o all_o his_o power_n simmacus_fw-la the_o pope_n assemble_v a_o council_n of_o all_o italy_n wherein_o he_o propose_v as_o a_o great_a absurdity_n that_o a_o layman_n shall_v have_v make_v constitution_n in_o the_o church_n 166._o n._n 166._o and_o by_o consent_n of_o the_o council_n declare_v they_o null_a but_o lest_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o this_o will_v tend_v to_o disorder_v a_o decree_n be_v make_v in_o the_o council_n that_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o other_o minister_n of_o that_o church_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o alienate_v specify_v that_o the_o decree_n shall_v not_o oblige_v other_o church_n but_o the_o roman_a only_o the_o follow_a time_n show_v there_o be_v need_n of_o the_o same_o law_n in_o all_o the_o church_n wherefore_o anastasius_n extend_v leo_n law_n to_o all_o the_o church_n subject_n to_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n to_o all_o which_o he_o prohibit_v the_o power_n of_o alienate_v but_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n in_o the_o year_n 535_o make_v a_o constitution_n general_n for_o all_o the_o eastern_a western_a and_o african_a church_n and_o also_o for_o all_o pious_a place_n prohibit_v the_o power_n of_o alienate_v except_v only_o to_o feed_v the_o poor_a in_o case_n of_o extraordinary_a famine_n and_o to_o release_v prisoner_n in_o which_o case_n alienation_n be_v grant_v conformable_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n 167._o n._n 167._o of_o which_o st._n ambrose_n make_v mention_v that_o not_o only_a possession_n but_o also_o the_o vessel_n be_v sell_v for_o such_o cause_n justinian_n law_n in_o the_o west_n
be_v observe_v in_o follow_v time_n until_o that_o rome_n remain_v under_o the_o eastern_a empire_n and_o there_o be_v many_o epistle_n of_o st._n gregory_n which_o make_v mention_v of_o estate_n alienate_v for_o the_o redemption_n of_o slave_n but_o from_o the_o time_n of_o pelagius_n the_o second_o unto_o adrian_n the_o one_a for_o 200_o year_n the_o expense_n be_v incredible_a which_o the_o roman_a church_n make_v for_o to_o recompense_v itself_o on_o the_o lumbards_n as_o well_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o raise_v the_o sieges_n as_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o molest_v the_o country_n and_o st._n gregory_n give_v good_a testimony_n of_o it_o in_o his_o time_n the_o doctrine_n which_o run_v at_o present_a be_v not_o then_o in_o credit_n that_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n be_v exempt_a from_o common_a necessity_n but_o quite_o contrary_a those_o be_v the_o first_o that_o be_v to_o be_v expend_v before_o they_o come_v to_o lay_v contribution_n upon_o private_a house_n much_o less_o do_v it_o ever_o come_v into_o thought_n of_o put_v into_o controversy_n the_o authority_n of_o prince_n about_o make_v law_n because_o beside_o the_o perpetual_a observance_n 168._o n._n 168._o there_o be_v the_o solid_a foundation_n that_o these_o be_v the_o church_n good_n that_o be_v belong_v to_o the_o common_a and_o to_o the_o congregation_n of_o the_o faithful_a so_o that_o it_o concern_v the_o proper_a office_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o procure_v the_o conservation_n of_o they_o afterward_o when_o the_o empire_n be_v establish_v on_o charlemagne_n the_o roman_a law_n remain_v without_o authority_n the_o abuse_n return_v whereupon_o divers_a prohibition_n be_v make_v by_o divers_a counsel_n prohibition_n prohibition_n chief_o in_o france_n where_o the_o dissipation_n be_v great_a but_o after_o that_o the_o roman_a pope_n have_v assume_v the_o great_a share_n of_o the_o government_n of_o other_o church_n see_v that_o a_o general_n prohibition_n wrought_v but_o little_a effect_n the_o prelate_n want_v no_o pretext_n to_o except_v every_o particular_a case_n from_o the_o common_a law_n they_o make_v divers_a ordinance_n from_o the_o year_n 1000_o unto_o the_o year_n 1250_o prescribe_v certain_a little_a form_n of_o solemnity_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o bridle_n and_o for_o a_o impediment_n but_o in_o this_o time_n whereof_o we_o speak_v innocent_a the_o four_o begin_v to_o declare_v null_a the_o alienation_n make_v without_o those_o condition_n 169._o n._n 169._o and_o gregory_n the_o 10_o in_o the_o council_n at_o lion_n anno._n 1274_o ordain_v they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o alienate_v without_o leave_n from_o the_o pope_n beside_o the_o solemnity_n abovesaid_a also_o which_o have_v be_v observe_v and_o be_v still_o observe_v unto_o our_o day_n never_o grant_v any_o alienation_n but_o upon_o evident_a utility_n which_o have_v not_o want_v for_o those_o who_o have_v note_v it_o for_o a_o express_a iniquity_n see_v that_o in_o contract_n never_o any_o man_n seek_v for_o other_o than_o for_o equality_n and_o more_o can_v be_v but_o with_o detriment_n to_o another_o special_o the_o canonist_n to_o specify_v what_o thing_n this_o utility_n ought_v to_o be_v which_o the_o church_n ought_v to_o receive_v in_o alienation_n some_o say_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o four_o part_n other_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o value_n so_o that_o they_o quite_o leave_v off_o sell_v to_o feed_v the_o poor_a in_o time_n of_o extraordinary_a famine_n or_o to_o redeem_v captive_n it_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v a_o damage_n and_o not_o a_o utility_n to_o the_o church_n thus_o thing_n be_v turn_v about_o that_o which_o heretofore_o be_v a_o work_n of_o a_o high_a perfection_n in_o christian_n as_o sell_v and_o give_v to_o the_o poor_a 170._o n._n 170._o will_v now_o be_v subject_a to_o grievous_a censure_n but_o perfection_n be_v in_o retain_v ecclesiastical_a estate_n which_o much_o less_o can_v be_v exchange_v without_o evident_a utility_n prohibition_n abuse_v of_o prohibition_n and_o the_o prohibition_n for_o alienate_v which_o be_v make_v against_o the_o clergyman_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o laity_n be_v turn_v about_o against_o the_o laity_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n but_o return_v to_o the_o declaration_n of_o clement_n the_o four_o and_o 5_o and_o to_o the_o common_a doctrine_n that_o the_o pope_n may_v concur_v and_o prevent_v every_o collator_n of_o benefice_n this_o be_v of_o no_o great_a profit_n save_v in_o the_o vacant_a benefice_n of_o the_o neighbour_a place_n to_o the_o court_n so_o that_o the_o vacancy_n may_v be_v speedy_o know_v there_o for_o as_o touch_v those_o at_o a_o distance_n his_o be_v able_a to_o concur_v or_o to_o prevent_v be_v of_o little_a use_n because_o before_o it_o can_v be_v know_v at_o court_n the_o provision_n be_v make_v by_o the_o ordinary_a and_o have_v issue_v the_o effect_n or_o cast_v lot_n wherefore_o it_o be_v invent_v that_o which_o become_v a_o total_a mutation_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o benefice_n and_o destroy_v total_o the_o ancient_a institution_n of_o all_o the_o catholic_n church_n reservation_n reservation_n this_o be_v the_o reservation_n which_o be_v a_o decree_n whereby_o the_o pope_n declare_v before_o a_o benefice_n become_v vacant_a that_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v vacant_a no_o man_n shall_v confer_v it_o 171._o n._n 171._o and_o the_o collation_n which_o any_o one_o shall_v make_v be_v to_o be_v of_o none_o effect_v and_o because_o this_o be_v a_o odious_a matter_n as_o the_o gloss_n say_v well_o to_o make_v it_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o world_n and_o swallow_v down_o sweet_o it_o be_v in_o its_o beginning_n use_v spare_o by_o reason_n the_o absolute_a reservation_n seem_v too_o hard_o which_o clement_n the_o four_o have_v make_v of_o the_o vacanti_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la whereupon_o gregory_n the_o 10_o restrain_v it_o to_o a_o month_n only_o permit_v the_o ordinary_a provision_n may_v be_v make_v after_o that_o clement_n the_o 5_o add_v thereunto_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n and_o of_o st._n cros_n monastery_n in_o bourdeaux_n for_o once_o pope_n john_n the_o 22d_o his_o successor_n stretch_v the_o step_v a_o little_a further_o and_o make_v a_o constitution_n to_o reform_v the_o plurality_n of_o benefice_n prohibit_v the_o keep_n of_o more_o than_o one_o curate_n and_o another_o without_o a_o cure_n with_o dispensation_n except_v the_o cardinal_n command_v that_o he_o who_o have_v more_o shall_v resign_v they_o 172._o n._n 172._o and_o for_o the_o future_a that_o he_o who_o have_v one_o cure_a benefice_n and_o shall_v receive_v another_o be_v to_o resign_v up_o the_o first_o and_o those_o which_o be_v resign_v shall_v be_v reserve_v to_o his_o disposal_n the_o bull_n for_o the_o apparent_a end_n of_o take_v away_o the_o plurality_n of_o benefice_n be_v a_o specious_a reservation_n though_o it_o have_v no_o other_o end_n than_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o court_n pass_v away_o as_o a_o thing_n accessary_a and_o which_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n without_o burden_n because_o as_o yet_o the_o end_n whereto_o it_o tend_v be_v not_o discover_v here_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o little_a halt_n because_o this_o pope_n give_v many_o example_n unto_o his_o successor_n for_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n which_o serve_v to_o heap_v up_o treasure_n he_o divide_v many_o bishopric_n and_o when_o a_o rich_a benefice_n become_v vacant_a he_o be_v wont_a to_o give_v it_o to_o a_o man_n who_o already_o have_v another_o somewhat_o inferior_a to_o it_o give_v that_o which_o be_v vacant_a to_o another_o prevail_v so_o far_o in_o this_o manner_n that_o sometime_o for_o one_o vacant_a he_o make_v six_o provision_n or_o promotion_n by_o transfer_v always_o from_o one_o less_o rich_a 173._o n._n 173._o to_o another_o more_o rich_a and_o by_o provide_v the_o least_o or_o poor_a with_o a_o new_a beneficiated_n so_o that_o all_o be_v content_v and_o all_o pay_v annatae_fw-la annatae_fw-la he_o invent_v also_o the_o annatae_fw-la or_o first_o fruit_n a_o burden_n upon_o benefice_n never_o hear_v of_o before_o he_o and_o which_o for_o sometime_o create_v very_o great_a scandal_n when_o emperor_n or_o king_n confer_v any_o benefice_n if_o those_o who_o aspire_v to_o they_o make_v any_o donative_n or_o else_o contract_v with_o the_o prince_n or_o with_o his_o minister_n to_o give_v any_o share_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o income_n of_o the_o benefice_n for_o to_o obtain_v they_o this_o be_v then_o most_o sharp_o rebuke_v by_o the_o pope_n who_o call_v it_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n allege_v the_o gospel_n gratis_o accepistis_fw-la gratis_o date_n and_o call_v the_o receipt_n of_o gift_n or_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o fruit_n a_o sale_n of_o spiritual_a thing_n and_o a_o contract_n by_o simony_n some_o proceed_n to_o call_v it_o heresy_n though_o some_o be_v not_o want_v in_o those_o time_n to_o give_v their_o opinion_n and_o say_v that_o