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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A23454	The commentaries of Don Lewes de Auela, and Suníga, great master of Aranter which treateth of the great vvars in Germany made by Charles the fifth Maximo Emperoure of Rome, King of Spain, against Iohn Frederike Duke of Saxon, and Philip the Lantgraue of Hesson with other gret princes and cities of the Lutherans, wherein you may see how god hath preserued this vvorthie and victorious emperor, in al his affayres against his enemyes Tra[n]slated out of Spanish into English.; Commentario del ilustre Señor Don Luis de Avila y Cuñiga. English	Avila y Çuñiga, Luis de, 1500-1564.; Wilkinson, John, servant to the Earl of Derby.; Zúñiga, Francesillo de, 16th cent. Crónica. aut	1555 (1555)	STC 987; ESTC S100247	81,404	316

I doe not knowe to whom a manne should geue the thankes to y e Laūt graue or to his captaynes But this I can say y t it hath bene diligentlye bestowed as I haue seē After that the Emperour had seen the trade of the enemies he perceiued that they would take the way toward Guingane standing a league from oure campe He returned to his campe y e enmies to their lodging There was at this tyme a skirmish but of litle effecte It hath bene thought by some that day that it had bene good to haue geuen them battayle but al thynges counted and debated the trueth is that we had no space nor tyme to haue sette foorth our menne in esquadrōs because of the wodes and the spedye takyng of the yr lodginges And espectallye the riuer of Prence being betwene both cāpes and if there wer a faulte the faulte was this That our enemies were found after y t the dede should haue be done And this was through dyuers relacions of the skoutes for when the trueth was knowen the time was past ¶ I haue considred one thing in this warres whiche I haue diuers times sene that for the most part we haue lacked good guides although thei haue bene naturallye borne in the coūtrey yet of a trueth we haue gone groping as menne dooe in the darke by coniecture and all for lacke of good guides and skoutes I cannot saye what is the cause except it he as Cesar said by Considio a valiāt souldier and of great experience Ceasar sente hym for to haue knowledge of his enemyes Considio roode foorth and dyd se menne thinkyng that he had sene the enemies He returned to Ceasar and sayd that he had sene his enemyes And that the mountayne that he hadde appoynted Labiano to take was taken and occupyed wyth the Frenche menne and that he hadde seene theyr banners and armes This erroure of Considio was the cause that Ceasar was all that daye in a staye and dyd nothyng vntyll the enemyes hadde tyme to mende theyr lodgynges So Ceasar sayeth that Considio being afrayde he thought he had seen that thing that he hadde not sene Now this is to our purpose for oure discouerers eyther they haue not sene their enemies or when thei haue seē them thei haue had litle regarde to say the trueth ¶ The Emperour being in his lodgyng the enemyes mustarde certayne esquadrons of horsemen ouer agaynste hym hauyng a lytle skirmishe as I haue sayde they retourned vnto theyrs the whiche although it was deuided by slackes and runnyng brookes yet they had a strong lodging for their purpose ¶ This nyght his maiestye spake of goyng to Vlme but after many oppinions Finally the nexte daye he did take resolucion for the mouing of his campe for why he was certified that the enemyes had sente vnto Vlme thre thousand suichiners and xv C. souldiers of the same countrey menne sufficient to defende that citie The whiche so being it was no reason to goe theragaynste Leauyng one armye at oure backes of foure score and .x. thousande menne for it is cleare yi we hadde left our lodgyng they woulde haue been shortelye therein where they myghte easily haue taken awaye oure vyctualles for they coulde not come anye other waye They shoulde haue been Lordes of all the townes vpon Danubia Therefore the goyng to Ulme was reuoked by the reason of these particulers afore sayde For the manour of the warre shoulde haue turned from lodging to lodgyng and euerye daye skyrmishīg where unto y e enmies came continuallye The duke of Aluoy appoynted to make them a skyrmishe more then ordinarye So the nexte daye in the mornyng he made an Imboyshe of three thousande hackebutters in a wood towarde the enemyes standyng vpon Prence He sente the prince of Salmona with certayne of his horsemenne to geue them a bayghte nere vnto theyr campe and there he sette vpon the Straglers there came oute in grosse after theyr custome some loose some in Esquadrons and the prince withdrewe hymselfe towarde the place appointed There was a greate skyrmysh with horsemenne and hackebutters there were many ouerthrowē and laye alonge in the fieldes with the bendes of theyr coloure In this skyrmishe they dyd much helpe themselues with theyr artyllery but oure hackebutters hadde the vpper hande by the helpe of oure lyghte horsemenne Howe bee it thei charged stoutelye in grosse but there were of the principal horses of all the nacions that serued his maiesty But the order y t the duke had taken the night before dyd not fully take effecte because of some neglygence His maiestye commaunded the skirmishe to retyre to the which the enemyes were so wyllynge that the retrayte was all at once ¶ Hys maiestye parceyued his enemies to be so lyghtly prouoked he entended to geue them a notable onsette So he appoynted on a daye the lyghte horsemenne to assayle theyr trenches so that by skyrmishes they myght be brought abrode He deuyded the Dutchemenne couertelye in tenne partes of the woode and lykewyse the Hyspanyardes and Italyans hackebutters and all the reste to bee in a readinesse if nede shoulde requyre and moreouer certayne peces of artyllerye to bee layde secretelye He also commaunded that the Prynce of Salmona with hys lighte horsemenne to dooe accordyng to the order that was taken Whyche was to allure the enemyes out of their camp as he hadde done the daye before There came foorth of theyr campe two greate Esquadrons of horsemenne whiche woulde not for anye thyng that coulde be done departe from theyr artyller Aynd thys I thinke was for one of these two causes eyther they had knowledge what order we hadde taken or because they hadde been so skirmished with y e other skirmish past that they durste no more come in the place where theihadde so much loste ¶ The Emperour seing there coulde no other thyng bee done because their campe was so strong he procured to prouide for the night a Camesado in the whiche he appointed the footemen Hispaniardes and Madrucho with his charge The great master of Prence and y e marques Albert with his horsmen With this Camisado the next nyght the duke of Aluoy made towarde theyr campe The Emperour was abrode secretelye in a place for to haue knowlage from the duke what was to bee done But when the duke was within halfe a mile of the campe he perceyued theyr watche to bee reforced He commaunded them to staye vntyll he hadde farther knowledge for then shortelye he dyd parceiue that they hadde warnyng for theyr linkes might be seen from one warde to an other Then the place consydered and howe it was fortifyed and prouyded it was not thoughte good for to hazarde vpon suche a chaunce For after we had knowledge that thei hadde warnyng fowre houres before oure commyng by an espye out of oure campe So the duke retourned to his lodgyng before it was daye and the Emperoure at the same tyme. Nowe it semed that this warre was newe to

beginne agayne for the enemyes were so setteled they coulde not bee remoued ¶ Then the Emperoure began to searche an other entrye but in the meane tyme we hadde continuall skyrmishes with takyng their vytaylles and killing their forragers with larums in the night which is a thyng noyful vnto all nations ¶ At this tyme his maiestye tooke an order that the Prynce of Salmona with his light horses and the Lorde of Brabansone knyghte of the order of the golden Flece Flemmyng with the Erle of Bures horsemenne shoulde goe in a skoute as the enemyes dyd They mette with two great bendes of horsemenne not farre from their campe where was ouerthrowen slayne and taken a greate parte of them a standerd and the standerd bearer was taken There was a chaunce whiche I haue thoughte good to bee wrytten It is so that the same horsemanne that dyd take the standerde was belongyng to mounsure de Bure whiche the same daye in twelue monthes had kylled a standerd bearer and taken a standerde from one whyche was brother to this same standerd bearer This done the Prynce retourned to the Emperour after that he hadde slayne and taken manye of the enemyes bryngyng a greate noumber of horses cartes whiche turned them to great hynderaunce losse and detriment ¶ At thys time the Emperoure determined to chaunge his lodging for diuers causes one was because of the greate infyrmitye and sickenesse amongest oure souldyers and also it was so full of mudde and mire that oure artillerye was welnere immouable so that we coulde not helpe our selues therwith wherfore it was thought moste conueniente to retourne to Longinguen as to a place moste mete for al thinges necessarie In this lodgig died y e Coronel George o● Rausburge which in al the Emperors warres had done good seruice At this same time y e Cardinal Fernese nenew to y e Pope returned to Rome ¶ The Emperour departed frō this lodging of Sultan with the order accustoined and came to Lau gingam This daye the enemyes made no shew but with one esquadron of .iiii. C. horses There haue bene diuers oppinions that yf the duke and y e Laūtgraue had woulde thei might haue geuen battayle to their aduauauntage for thei had inforced their campe with .xv. M. men of Uiertemburge whiche they call choorles but suche choorles as thei bee they haue of late geuen an ouerthrow to .xxv. M. Suichiners Nowe thei bee in strength and we lacking for the Almayns of the ouerland and of the netherlande bee fallen in sickenes and of the Hispaniardes a great nūber There could not be founde .iiii. M. Italyans for the reste were dead and gone vnto their countrey but as I haue saide the enemies made no demonstraciō for to take any aduauntage of any cōmoditie that thei mighte haue for to fight After y e Emperor departed from Sultan and was lodged at Laugingam he had newes from y e kinges brother that he had the victory in Saxony that he y e duke Morris hadde taken the most part of the estate thereof the whiche for to be more spedelye signyfyed vnto our enmyes or for because thet did knowe that we hadde knowledge there was sent a great salutacion of artillery ¶ All the tyme that the Emperoure was lodged in Longynguen he rode daylye aboute the campe as it is his ordinarye custome in all hys warres and into the fieldes for to beholde where the enemies mighte occupye anye place agaynste hym or he againste them Thei hadde been two or three times spying aboute a castell in the keping of the Hispanyardes a myle from oure Campe but euer at suche tymes when they coulde not bee ouertaken When the Emperoure hadde diligentely considered all thynges he soughte for to haue an other lodgyng so that hys dooynges hence foorth might take better effecte He found one for his purpose and after he turned to his campe which was so full of mudde and mire that our men of war were sore trauailed weryed Wherefore there wer diuers opinions but al agreed that hys maiesty should dislodge and to auoyde hys mē by garysons and so for to make the warre but he was of a contrarie opinion and that was to folow the warres and thys was the best as it hath proued since by experience ¶ Nowe being in our lodging so foule and myrye that our cartes nor yet wagones could cōe in wyth victuals he determined to remoue to y e other which he had afore sene leading the campe in twoo partes the footemē and artilery in the one parte and in the other part the horsmen toward the enemyes This day I thinke that the enemyes myghte haue geuin vs battaile for they had the plaine fieldes to come aga ynste our horsmen our footemen artylery farre of I dooe not knowe the cause except they did not know our passage in the which the Emperour was forced to deuide by partes as I haue sayde The waye was of suche sorte that this muste nedes be done ¶ The Emperour being lodged as it is said it was a great pleasure to al the army in so muche that it was called in prayse the Emperours lodging for it was diffarent and dyd excede that whiche we had le●t for there was muche wood and water a strong place and for the resorte of victueles commodious A mountayne vppon the fronte agaynste our enemyes muche lyke vnto the woorke of handes wherevpon we layd oure artilerye from whence we myghte shoote into the fyeldes Vpon the ryghte hand we hadde a Marrys and vppon the lefte hande a greate woodde the whyche dydde extende vppon oure backes Wee were so nere vnto the ennemyes that oure warde and theyrs skirmyshed ordinaryly The Emperour commaunded to cutte theyr vyctualles the whyche was done by suche dylygence by the lygh● horses and hackbutters that all the waye goyng to Norlyng Tynckespoole and Vlme dydde lye full of deadde menne broken cartes and vyctualles scattered And of oure part there were geuen so many skirmishes in the daye and larums in the night that they could neither eate nor slepe in rest ¶ Nowe our campe being lodged in thys place called the Emperours lodgig our aduātage began for to appeare our enemyes to be more slowe in skirmishes for they came not out with such vigour nor so lustely as they had done but our men assayled theyr trenches out of the whyche they came but seldome times Thei shewed only with their artilery what wyls they had to skirmysh for now with their gōnes thei begynne to make a forte and many times prisoners wer taken nere vnto theyr campe they were not only oppressed in thys but they began to be in great penury for lack of bread insomuche that dyuers prysoners cōfessed that they had bene .v. daies wythout it And moreouer that thei were in great feare seeing that they had thought that the Emperor had bene gone afarre of and yet he was returned more nere at hand then he was before and with his campe he

the kyng He commaunded the horsemen Hungarians the whiche with the Emperours horsemē now began to passe before the enemyes wente out of the towne aforesayde They hadde made a litle skirmish but oure hackebutters entred into the water and defended so lyuelye with shootyng of ●o thicke that our horsemenne were as safe vpon the other syde as vpon oure part But when the enemyes beganne to breake there was no more hope to kepe them foorth then they made towarde a town called Troga and if they myghte not take this aduauntage ●hen for to goe to Viertemberge or elles to fighte by the waye i● they might not haue tyme to dooe one of these two thinges ¶ The Emperour did take an order and commaunded the Duke of Aluoy that the Hungarians and the Prynce of Salmona with hys lyghte horses shoulde take euerye eche one a hackebutter behinde him and to passe ouer with the menne of armes of Naples taking with hym duke Morris for these were the horsemen of the vawarde Then the Emperoure and the kyng of Romayns with theyr Esquadrons came to the riuer The Emperour rode vpon a darke dun Spanishe horse presented by monsure de Ry knyght of the order and his first chamberlayne he rode in white armour gilt hauing no other apparell but a brode bende of Taffata Crimsen and a dutche murrione a Demilance like a iauelyng in his hand He rode as thei wryte of Julius Ceasar when he passed the Ribicon speakyng these notable wordes and without any doubte it was a proper comparison to vs beyng there to haue the representaciō of the sight of Ceasar passyng a ryuer armed and with an oste armed and on the other part not for to treat but of victorie for the passage of the riuer was onely with this hope and determinacion so that with the one and the other the Emperor did take the water folowing the milner who was our guide He did take y e waye more vpon the ryght hande aboue in the streame then the horsemen whiche were past before the groūde was harde but the depe was aboue the knees of the moste of the horsemenne and in some places they did swyme a lytle stretche In this sort we passed the riuer the forde extendyng thre hundred paces ¶ The Emperour commaunded for to be geuē to the guyde two horses and one hundred crownes nowe the bridge was made with our barkes those whiche we had gotten of our enemies and the Hispaniardes began to passe and a●ter the Almains according to the order that the Emperour had taken and nowe the Hungarians sette downe the hackebutters whiche they hadde sette ouer the riuer and rode before to skirmish to intertain y e enemies which made great hast without leauing of any souldier in Milbrucke as it was thought at y e first he would haue done this was one of the respectes for the passage of y e hackbutters with the lighte horsemen But with their cāpe thei dyd geat euer y e aduauntage of the ground parting their fotemen in two esquadrons y e one greater then the other ir stāderds of horsemen deuided in suche sort that when our lighte horsemen should ouertake them they mighte turne and geue them the charge so that their fotemē in the meane time might marche forewarde ¶ The Emperour with a hygh trot as men of armes might suffer folowed the way after his enemies in the which way he founde a crucifix standing as ●● is commōly vsed it was shot with a hackbut ī y e midst of the breste This was of the Emperoure so abhorde that he coulde not dissemble his Ire seyng so vyle a de de he looked vp toward the heauen and sayde O Lorde if it bee thy wyll thou arte of power to be reuenged These wordes spoken he rode out through the plain opē●ield But the dust that came frō the vawarde was verye great and the eyre did driue it in our eyes The Emperour rode vpon the right hād and this was for two causes One was for to haue syght at libertie the other to prouide for such perylles as we haue seen in our tyme folowe when Esquadrons goe not in order as it is sene by experience y e vawarde broken the battaile lost whē it is not set in order as it ought to be ¶ Therefore the Emperor prouided agaynst suche inconuenyences settyng the kyng apart with his Esquadrons so that if our vaward shoulde haue been in peryll he was at hande for to succour settyng vpō our enemyes who went so strongly y t it was necessary so for to prouide ¶ Now the duke of Aluoy with his menne in the vawarde skirmished so nere that they made a stond and began to shote of al their artilerye wherewith the Almayns be very great doers The Emperour hasted to bee egall with the vawarde oure footemen had but .vi. peces of artillery being farre behynd out of our sight it was no meruayle for y e bridges could not be soshortly made This was then thre dutche leagues from the Albes and the Emperour made great spede with the horsmen because he woulde vndertake to defeate his enemies for if we shoulde haue taryed for the rest of our fotemenne they should haue had time place to atchieued their enterpryse Therefore here it maye be clearelye seen what maye bee done in greate thynges when counsayles be determined ¶ The horsmen in our vaward wer these iiii C. light horses with y e prince of Salmona with dō Antony de Toledo .iiii. C and. L. Hūgarians He had sēt .iii. C. out of our campe this morning to viewe Troga a. C. horsmē hackbutters Hispamardes .vi. C. speres with Duke Morts two C. hackbutters horsmen two C. and .xx. men of armes out of Naples with the duke of Castor here you may see our battayle whiche went in two Esquadrons The Emperoure might bee .iiii. C. speres .iii. C. hackbutters dutchmenne horsed the kyng was .vi. C. speres and iii. C. hackbutters horsmenne These were al our horsmē and I ensure you I make the number no lesse then it was our Esquadrons ordered indifferently from the Dutchemenne for they made the front of the Esquadrons of their horsemenne sharpe The Emperor made his of seuentene in a ranke and so the fronte was brode and they shewed a greate noumber and represented a fayre sight And to my iudgemente this is the best order and the moste sure when the dysposicion of the grounde maye suffer it for why the front of one Esquadron of horsemenne beyng large there is not so muche rowme to bee coumpassed by the Flancke whiche maye bee done when the Esquadron is poynted and streyghte and seuentene in rancke and seuentene in fylar suffice for y e shocke This hath bene seen by experience at the battayle that the menne of armes of Flaunders did geat of the menne of armes of Cleues at y e towne of Sitrade in the yere a. M. D .xliii. ¶ The enemyes went in

order as I haue sayde beyng .vi. M. fotemenne in two Esquadrons and .ix. standerdes of horsmen of two M. and .vi. C. horses and a Gueten accoumpanied with .viii. or .ix. C. horses This was the duke of Saxon whiche wente prouidyng emongest his Esquadrons which at the firste had discouered but our vawarde for the dust dyd kepe the syght from the battayle wherefore he thought that he myght well resyst those horse men But a marshal of his campe called Wolf Kraytes who ꝑceiued vs better called hym a parte and shewed him the battayle discouered where the Emperour and the kyng came together In this Esquadron with his maiestye wente the prince of Piemont the kinges two sōnes who led his Esquadron ❧ When the duke of Sarō had sene al our horsmen and that he had clearly ꝑceiued in our order going al our determinacion he tourned again emōgst the Esquadrons determinīg with all spede possible to take a wood which did stand in his way thinking to bee there with his fotemē so strōgly y t in y e night he myght go to Viertemberge for y e was hys purpose for at Troga he thought he coulde not bee surely for as he hath said sence he had heard shotyng of gūnes ī y e mornīg which euē ī dede did shote at y e skoutes which wer sēt by y e Emperor but he had thoughte we had been but the one halfe sent to folowe hym with the Duke of Aluoy that the other had been gone with the Emperor to Troga Therfore he woulde not take the waye to Troga for there was none of hys counsayle that woulde aduise hym thereto so that at the ende he cōcluded to take the wood in the way towarde Viertemberge and yf that he must nedes fight yet y t it myght be to his aduauntage and for to folowe one of these two effectes he thought for to geat the wood which is full of marrishes and streyghte waies he sente his hackbutters and light horsmē to geue the charge vpō our light horsemen so that his footemenne might take the place in the wood that he had appoynted ❧ Now at this tyme as it is said the Emperor had made mete with the vawarde he spake chearefullye to duke Morris and to the men of armes of Naples the woordes beseming a captayne in suche a day as this and to the souldiers geuing thē the name that was Sainct George imperial Sainct James Spayn so going towarde y e enemyes a pace that was conuenient These esquadrons going thus egally the battell fell into a marrish vpon the ryghte hande wherein dyd fall many horses wherfore it was nedefull for to drawe in the battayle so that the vawarde might passe without intermedling one esquadron with an other to bee both out of order for this cause it came to passe y t goīg by it passed y e vaward before the time y t the enemies woulde geue y e charge as I haue sayd the which they gaue vpon our light horsemenne in good order ❧ At this tyme the duke of Aluoy perceyuing good occasion sente vnto the Emperor y t he would geue y e charge and so he dyd at a wynge with his men of armes of Naples the duke Morris with his hackebutters vpon the other parte incontinent their menne of armes oure battayle which now went turnyng to geat the right hand did mete thei moued againste the enemies with such vehemency that sodainly they began to turne our horsemen brake in with such violence that they had no place but for to flie and began to forsake their fotemē y e whiche at the first made a litle resistāce thinking for to take the wood but now al our horsemen wer so farre forwarde amongst theyr horsemē and fotemen that in one momente they were all brokē and scattered in sunder The Hungarians with the lighte horses dyd take a syde and with a merueilous quicke spede they began to execute the victorie vnto the whiche these Hungarians haue a meruaylous great industrye They sette vpon crying Spayne Spayne For of a truth the name of the Empire of an olde hate is not to them agreable ¶ In this sorte thei did take the wood in y e which there was so many weapōs so much harnes scattred y t it was a greate trouble to thē that executed the victorie The dead and hurt wer many some at the encounter other with great cuttes some with hackbuttes of diuers sortes there were so manye prisoners that manye of our menne had .x. or .xii. runnyng aboute them manye dyd lye dead other dyd lye wallowyng in their bloud There ye might haue seen howe thei offred their fortune to theyr takers Some wer slayne some were taken euerye manne as he woulde the dead menne dyd lye in manye places on heapes and other in partes as they were taken flying or fightyng The Emperour folowed the chase one myle al the light horsemenne and parte of the Dutchemenne and men of armes of the kinges folowed thre leagues ¶ Nowe we beyng in the midst of the wood the Emperoure beyng there stayde and commaunded the menne of armes to requoyle for all wente so dispersed and out of order that the winners and loosers were ruffled together wherfore he would make sure the victorie if anye inconuenience should succede to them that wente before for it is a thing to bee noted that a captayn do thinke so that he dooe not saye afterwarde if I hadde thought as many haue sayd but this is a foule woorde of a captayne ¶ The Emperour and the king came together which verely shewed the courage of a kyng The Duke of Aluoy came from the chase in whyte armoure gylte and a bende of redde vpon a baye horse withoute anye other garnishyng but of the bloude of the wounde that he brought The Emperour receyued him ioyfully not without cause there being it was sayde vnto the Emperour that the duke of Saxon was taken and his prisoner pretendyng to be the principals two men of armes Hispaniardes of them of Naples and thre or foure light horsmen Hispaniardes and Italyans one Hungarian a captain Hispaniarde The Emperour commaunded to bring hī so he was brought before him He came vpō a griseld horse in a great shirt of mayle and therupon a payre of blacke curates beyng bloudye of a wounde that he had in his left syde The duke of Aluoy came vpon his ryght hād and presented hym vnto his maiestye The duke of Saxon would alyghte one foote takyng of hys gloue for to haue touched the Emperour by the hande after the maner of Almayne but the Emperor would neither the one nor the other And for to say the truth he was sore trauayled through the heate and with the wounde that he came so weary and heauye that he thoughte that the Emperour had had a more respecte to this then he hadde deserued Then he beyng bareheaded sayde vnto the Emperour accordyng to the custome of Almayn Moste