Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	day_n	great_a	time_n	4,794	5	3.3956	3	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05412	The estate of English fugitiues vnder the king of Spaine and his ministers Containing, besides, a discourse of the sayd Kings manner of gouernment, and the iniustice of many late dishonorable practises by him contriued.; Discourse of the usage of the English fugitives, by the Spaniard	Lewkenor, Lewis, Sir, d. 1626.	1595 (1595)	STC 15564; ESTC S108544	137,577	247

to giue money theyr wiues and daughters abused and in fine what else is to the nature of man most grieuous and intollerable The barbarous crueltie of the Spanish soldier they are constrayned to indure yea insomuch that I haue seene the rude and barbarous souldier cut off the fingers of women to come to their ringes which otherwyse woulde not come off with such speed as they desired Neither is the condition of the poore Citizen or Townes-man anie better who beeing constrayned in places of garrison to lodge souldyers in theyr houses imparting to them the best lodgings and commodities of the same neuer hearing from them anie other woorde especiallye if hee please them not in all theyr exorbitaunt demaundes than Perro Flamenco Luterano Borachio c. Yet besides all this hee is daylye wearyed out with continuall exactions and taxations as of the hundreth pennie the tenth pennie and once a yeere without faile the fifth pennie of valure of all his goods and landes whatsoeuer besides infinite other pillages and gatheringes towardes the making of rampires reuelins bulwarkes palisados countrescargres casamats pertayning eyther to the reparation of theyr walles or the fortification of theyr Townes and besides to giuing of munition bread breere and cheese to such companies of souldiers shall passe by theyr Townes distressed of victualls with infinite such lyke I haue knowen it I speake it on my faith poore people of Antwarpe forced to sell theyr beddes they lye vppon A strange exaction of the king of Spaine to satisfie these yrannous exactions which if they shoulde not doo execution of theyr goods and attachment of theyr persons shoulde followe But which is most beyonde reason whereas within the Townes manye of the houses lye vacant and vnhired yet the owners of them are taxed according to the value in which they were wont to be rented Insomuch that in Antwarpe and other Townes it is a matter verye vsuall for men to disclaime and quite theyr owne houses thereby to bee exempted of such payment The AmptmaÌ„ is a magistrate for the King whose chief authoritie consisteth in the execution of ciuil causes after senteÌ„ce giuen which the Dutchmen call Vonnysse Likewise in matter of confiscation and forfaiture as otherwise by reason of them they are charged with and that they doo formally before the magistrate at which time the Amptman entereth in and ceazeth them to the kings vse But besides whereas sundrie Gentlemen and others the inhabitants of these prouinces hauing certaine annuall rentes issuing and growing out and charged vppon the Kinges demaines in the Dutchie of Brabant at least to the yeerely value of tenne thousande poundes some of which rentes haue beene by themselues bought of the states generall some lefte vnto them by theyr parents and predecessours the King without all conscience most vniustly and wrongfully disanulling the sayde rentes hath and doeth without all equitie or forme of iustice take into hys owne handes the sayde demaines appropriating the vse commoditie and reuenue thereof to the maintenance and keeping of his troupes of horse men Lykewse what bondage can be greater than that of theyr Assises which constrayneth them to paie for theyr wine and beere as much in equall portion to the King as they doo to the Vintner or Brewer from which the poore begger is not free but if hee will drinke hee must paie as much vnto the King as hee doeth to the victualler Neyther doe they eate their bread or flesh without yeelding and paying dueties to the King Compare nowe I praie you heerewith your estate of gouernment at home and tell me which of the two you doo thinke to bee most fortunate Doth her Maiestie deale in this order with you whose gouernment you so much mislyke Oh good God howe can you bee so peruerse seeing the greate happynesse and securitie wherein shee keepeth and maintaineth you as not to acknowledge and confesse the same Howe gentle are the helpes and subsidies which shee exacteth of you without the vndooing or hinderance of anie man of whome they are exacted And on the other side how profusely spendeth shee her owne treasure for the maintenance of you your wiues and children in quietnesse iustice and freedome Oh praie vnto God therefore that shee may long and prosperously liue for in her consisteth the type of your felicitie But now to the other pointes of your mislike Whereas the aduersarie goeth about by all meanes possible to beate into your mindes a fearefull imagination of the King of Spaines forces and the daungerous weaknesse of your state perswading you that the same is farre to feeble and insufficient to withstande and resiste so mightie an opposed enemie as is the King of Spaine terrefying you with his millions of golde and the manye mightie and powerfull Nations ouer whome hee commaundeth I hope notwithstanding all this ruffeling and great shewe by cleere and euident reasons to let you vnderstande and knowe that the fame of him is farre greater than his force and that there is not this daie anie prince in the whole worlde whose estate standeth more tickle and readie to ruine than his That the fame of the king of Spaine is greater than his power and that there is no cause why wee should feare him but many why he should feare vs. First that hee is the most mightie and oppulent Prince I doo not denye if hee had vsed moderation in his greatnesse and acknowledged the greate benefites which it hath pleased God to haue bestowed vppon him with thankefulnesse vsing them vnto his glorie and not making them instrumentes of his vnlimitted ambition to the ouerthrowe and destruction of his neighbours and the maintenaunce of factions warres in euerie corner of Christendome To which dissention occasioned by his meanes wee must needes attribute this late formidable descent which the Turke hath made into Christendome But such is nowe the estate where unto his all-coueting ambition hath brought him or rather the reuengefull hande of almightie God which hangeth ouer his head for his many cruell bloudie and vnchristian practises and aspiringe tyrannyes Apolog principis Auraici especiallye for imbrewing his handes in the royall bloud of his innocent wife of his eldest sonne Prince Charles and of sundrie other his best and truest subiectes that hee is in the middest of all his glorie and pompeous magnificence turmoyled with vnquiet thoughts in the midst of his riches treasures indigent poore and indebted vnable to giue satisfaction vnto such armies as hee maintaineth to which ende hee is forced to extort from his poore subiectes and to make himselfe to all future ages a president of the extreamest tyranny that euer in any time was vsed of which his scarcitie and indigence what more manifest proofe can wee desire than the daily experience which wee haue before our eyes of his owne naturall subiects the Spaniardes who beeing the best disciplined souldiers he hath those of whome hee maketh best and most accompt and in fine

houses as they march along the countrie vpon seruice at which time it is incredible what outrages they receyue their cattell killed their corne threshed out and giuen to horse their chests broken vp their goods eueÌ„ to the verie sheetes and tikes of beds stollen and carried away by the soldiers when they march themselues beaten and their wiues and their daughters abused and in fine what else is to the nature of man grieuous and intollerable they are constrained to indure Neither is the condition of the poore citizens or towns-men any better who being forced to receiue garrison and to lodge souldiers in their houses imparting to them the best chambers and commodities of the same neuer hearing from them anie other worde especially if they please not them in all their exhorbitant demand than Perhamengo Lutherano Borchio c. Yet besides they are daylye wearied out with continuall exactions and taxations as the hundred pennie the tenth pennie and once a yeere without faile the fiftly pennie of all their goods and landes besides infinite other pillages and gatherings towardes the making of rampires bulwarkes ballasadowes countercerpes and the reparation of their wals and to giuing of munition bread beere and cheese to such souldiers as shall passe by their townes distressed of victualles with infinit such like I haue knowen I speak it of my faith poore people of Antwerpe forced to sell their beddes they lie vppon to satisfie their tyrannous exactions which if they should not doe execution of their goods attachment of their persons shoulde presently followe But which is most beyond reason whereas within the townes the most part of their houses are vacant and vnhired yet the owners of them are taxed according to the value in which they were wont to bee hired Insomuch that in Antwerpe other townes it is a matter verie vsual for men to disclaime and quit their owne houses thereby to be exempted of such paiment as otherwise by reason of theÌ„ they are charged with that they do iurisdicially before the magistrate at which time the Ainan entereth in and ceaizeth vpon them to the kings vse Besides when as sundrie Gentlemen and other the inhabitants of this countrie hauing certaine annuall rents issuing out and charged vpon the kings demaines in the Dutchie of Brabant at least to the yeerely value of ten thousand poundes some of the which rents haue bene by themselues bought of the states generall some left vnto them by their parents and predecessours The king vniustly and by tyrannie disanulling the said rents hath doth without forme of iustice take into his owne hands the said demains appropriating the vse commoditie and reuenue thereof to the maintenance of the troupes of horse men But what shall I trouble you any longer with recounting vnto you the assise impositions taxes extortions pillages and heauie intollerable burthens laid vpon this afflicted poor people by their vniust and cruell king Compare now I pray you heerewith your estate of gouernment at home and tell me which of them two you thinke to bee most fortunate Doth her MAIESTY deale in this order with you whose gouernment you so much mislike Oh God how can you be so peruerse seeing the blessednesse wherein shee maintaines you as not to acknowledge the same How gentle are the helpes and subsidies which she exacteth of you without the vndooing or hinderance of any man of whom they are exacted And on the other side how profusely spendeth shee her owne treasure for the maintenance of your wiues and children and parents in repose iustice and securitie Oh pray to God for her long life and prosperous estate for in her consisteth the tipe of your felicitie But nowe to the other point of your mislike VVhereas the aduersarie hath beaten into your heads that the state standes daungerous as beeing farre too feeble and not sufficient to withstand and resist so mightie and opposite an enemie as is the king of Spaine terrifying with millions of gold innumerable nations ouer whome hee commaundeth I hope by the cleer and euident reasons I shal shew you to make you vnderstand that the fame of him is farre greater than his force and that there is no prince this day in the world whose estate standeth more tickle and ready to ruine than his and that there is no cause why we should fear him but many why he should feare vs. First that hee is the most mighty and oppulent prince of Europe I do not deny if hee had vsed moderation in his greatnesse and acknowledged the benefites which God hath bestowed vpon him with thankfulnesse But such is the state whereunto his ambitious aspiring hath at this present brought him or rather the reuengefull hand of God which hangeth ouer his head for his horrible tyrannies and odious offences especially for his wicked pariacide and murther committed vppon the person of his wife his sonne and sundry others of his best and truest subiects that he is in the midst of these his riches indigent poore and indebted vnable to giue satisfaction to such souldiers as he maintaineth to which end he is forced to extort vpon his poore subiects and tyrannize ouer them Of this his indigency beggery wee see euery day experience here before our eyes his owne natural subiects the Spaniards being the best disciplined souldiers he hath and of whom he maketh greatest account are forced for want of their paimeÌ„t which is now three yeres behind to cease his towns and artillary to contemne his commandements and proclamations finally to bend their armes display their Ensignes vpon the wals against the Duke To remedie which mutinie there was post vpon post sent into Spain yet in seuen moneths there could no monie be found Notwithstanding many most important detriments he receyued by occasion of this mutiny as the losse of Breda the retardaunce of the French succours the danger of Numigen c. whereas the whole summe they demaunded was not much aboue fifteen thousand Besides do but looke into the maner of his proceedings in these lowe countries with his souldiers of which because I haue best experience I will chiefly speake and you shall find nothing in the world more beggarly and indigent Neither as I heare is it better in his other prouinces which verily I beleeue seeing of all others it importeth him to vse them best as being his eldest perfectest in discipline best experienced troupes and in fine those vnto whom he chiefliest reposeth as the onely vpholders and maintainance of him in his tyranny Yet was there neuer in the world I dare vndertake King nor Prince how bankerout or needy soeuer in whose seruice so many braue souldiers haue died of hunger or that haue vsed such coosning trickes and snifts to stoppe necessities and to deceiue his souldies as he hath done First the countrey not being yet fully consumed wasted and destroyed he authorized his soldiers to spoyle and steale the goodes and cattell of the poore pesants

This Gentleman to the end you should the better know him was one of the craftiest Conicatchers that euer liued and had all his life time shifted it out with coosening sleightes and practises of vilanie as all the olde Flaunders souldiers that knewe hym can well testifie now by reason of his good experience hee was growne verye weather wise and did by manye coniectures foresee the stormes and tempestes that were comming towardes him and hys followers and therefore thinking it a great madnesse to lye still at Anker in so daungerous and vnsafe a roade hoysed vpp his sayles and shewed them a fayre payre of heeles running awaye from them at Torney where the Duke of Parma then kepte his Courte into Fraunce yet because hee woulde not bee in hys absence vnremembred hee first tooke vp vppon his credite as much wares as by all his vtmost deuises hee coulde procure eyther of Mercers Goldsmithes or anye other sorte of Artificers Thence hee conueyed himselfe into the North partes of Englande where as hee had gotten his goods wickedly so he spent them as riotously afterwards changing his name hee betooke him to sea Dalton hanged in the North Country and became a pirate for which and sundry other such honest parts as hee had plaid he was of afterwards apprehended and tied vp to the galowes there in the North in the yere 1586. Tailor of all the rest was most to be pittied for hee was a man of very comely personage fine qualities verie gentlemanly behauior His father had long serued her Maiestie as likewise himself had done in some office as I take it pertaining to the prouisions of her stable it was my chance to conuerse much with him both because we were of acquaintance in England as also that I liked exceedingly his conuersation and the manner of his carriage truly thus much I must saie of him beeing now dead that I did neuer know anie man that was striken with a greater apprehension of his owne fault and that did more euerie waie beat his braines and seeke all occasions how to amend it The cause that had drawen him into this matter as sundry times he told me and sometimes not without teares were the many debts with which being very youthfully giuen he had intangled himselfe in England withal his marriage which was most vnfortunate To rid himself of both which inconueniences at once he had throweÌ„ himself into this headlong action which surely if God had lent him life Coronell Morgan sent a Letter to Captaine Tailor in the hair of an Irish lacky he would haue indeuored to amend For I remember once the camp lying then at a place called Euergham that coronel Morgan sent him a secret Letter wrapped in the long haire of an Irish lacky that brought it who not handling his matters with that warines as was requisite the Letter was discouered Captaine Tailor apprehended neuertheles by the helpe of his owne wit and the assistance of his friends he was soone set at libertie againe though with an exceeding suspition that euer after ouerlooked his doings insomuch that in great griefe of minde he complained vnto me that the only iealousy held of him in regard of this Letter would be a great hinderance to that satisfaction which hee had in his minde resolued which was at least to haue drawen back awaie with him all such English souldiers as serued the king in that regimeÌ„t which in regard of their loue vnto him he might easily haue done But it pleased the almightie in his iudgements to preuent him to take him awaie in the midst of his imaginations for he and my L. of Westmerland hauing bin one daie in the quarter of the Wallons The Earle of Westmerlande and Captayne Tailor entered into quarrell banqueted by a captain of the Count of Egmonts where according to the vse of that nation either of them had bin constrained to drinke liberally as they returned backe together they two in companie alone towards Euergham they fel in to contention about a friuolous matter concerning one Dauies an Irishman that serued the Earle and that so far that the Earle reuiling him in many opprobrious names lighted down his horse drew his sword willing him to doo the like but Tailor knowing howe extreamly there the law determines of him that should draw his sword against his Coronell put spurs to his horse galloped home before to his lodging which scorne of his as the Earle did interpret it moued him to so great cholar that getting vp on his horse he pursued him and drew vpon him againe afore the verie doore of his loding which indignity Tailor not being able any further to indure drawing his rapier likewise encountered him and after some thrusts betweene them Tailor hurtes the Earle ranne the Earle verie daungerously into the brest at which instant Contraras the Spaniard accompanyed with many souldiers of the Earles companie the most parte of the which had halbertes came running in Tailor slaine by the Earle of Westmerland Contraras a Spaniard and inuironing Tailor of all sides most cruelly murthered him with aboue twentie woundes for which cause the Earle was vpon the complaintes and earnest pursuite of the other Captaines and souldiers by the Duke of Parma for a time bannished the Regiment and the gouernment thereof giuen to one Mana Cardonni an Italian Shortly after another of these Captains called Edward Vincent was sent out of the lande of Waft where the Spanish armie laie then incamped with two hundred English souldiers in companie of an Italian captaine with as many more Italians towardes the forte of Terneuse where by a sallie made from out the forte they were all ouerthrowen Captaine Vincent taken prisoner sundrie slaine and among the rest Captaine Vincent taken prisoner where neuerthelesse in regarde of former acquaintance with Coronell Michael who was there commaunder for the States hee found such fauour at his handes that hee was not presently deliuered ouer to the States as hee mortally feared but set at raunsome at an hundred and fiftie poundes prouided that the same shoulde bee sent with speed for otherwise when the matter shoulde bee once knowen to the States in Holland it coulde not bee in his power possible anie longer to vvithholde him of which desperate estate Vincent did with all speed aduertise his father being then a poore olde man vvell neere seuentie yeeres of age vvho hauing by present sale of such thinges as his son had lefte vvyth him raisde some parte of the money fell dovvne vppon his knees before the Duke weeping and imploring his helpe for the rest telling him in the Spanish tongue in the vvhich language he was verie perfect the great daunger and extremitie of the case his sonne then stoode in if so bee his raunsome were not presently sent But in stead of yeelding him releefe the Duke badde take awaie the importunate dotard but vvhen neuerthelesse hee persisted ouercome vvith a

farther meanings and driftes Another drifte of the English fugitiues as those that do looke deepliest with greatest heedfulnes into theyr actions do verily imagine hauing by sundrie their proceedinges euidently discoured the same of which the chiefest is that as they are of all people liuing the most ambitious so seeing this beggerly seruice doeth not fit their humors they do feed themselues with an imaginatioÌ„ of the time to come I mean a Spanish or Romish world in our Countrie at which time the doubt not the long time of their exile sufferance losse of their liuings considered for so is their phrase manner of speech to become mightie and great men and to haue principall dignitie swaie and authoritie in our countrie Marie againe on the otherside considering that the most part of them are but base defamed companions of no birth or liuing and that there are in England many Gentlemen of the same religion of great qualitie and houses that wold disdain to haue such mates preferred before them in qualitie or degree They haue gone by al means possible they can about with their practises and colorable deuises to root them out so seruing their onwe turnes two waies the one to win vnto themselues the name and reputation of men of seruice the other to rid out of the waie those that they imagine wold stand in competencie with theÌ„ but God be thaÌ„ked the chifest harm their conspiracies haue done hetherto hath bin to perish in their owne deuises Spies sent by them into England A little before the coÌ„ming of the Spanish fleet they sent their espials among them some that were priests in disguised garmeÌ„ts with instructioÌ„s to sound the meaning of such Gentlemen as they thought to be fauorers of their religion to incline their minds to the Spanish cause incouraging them to take armes against her maiestie to which they printed in the English tong many huÌ„dreds of books in Antwarp barreling them vp vntil such time as the armie should haue bin landed Seditious books printed in Antwarpe and then their meaning was to haue dispersed them expryssing therin many great promises and large rewards to such as shuld assist or do any maner of seruice to the Catholike party terrifying the rest with bitter menaces In fine the whol being ful of traiterous and proud threatning speeches as well against her maiestie as against all such her faithfull subjects as should haue taken her part Likewise they obtained of the Pope the king that as many as had theyr voices in the parliament house at such time as the queen of Scotland was adiudged to die of what degree soeuer they were should be depriued not onely of their liues liuings but that their posteritie also should bee for euer disinherited and disnobled The like also they threatned in their bookes to all such as well noble men as others that shuld after the landing of the catholike armie persist in armes against the same But all this by the goodness of God hath but serued to discouer their wicked intentioÌ„s and to animate all true Englishmen to persist with the greater loue vnitie corage in obedieÌ„ce to her maiesty Turning therefore my speeches to you O vnnaturall degenerated EnglishmeÌ„ to those whom you shuld obey trecherous vnfaithfull and of those that you do obey coÌ„temned made slaues How can you indure to thirst after the destruction of so sweet a country in which you receiued your being that gaue you nouriture when you were yong Why do you abuse religion in making the same a maske to your intended treasons How can you find in your harts to seeke the destruction of so benigne a prince the subuersion of so glorious an estate by bringing into the bowels therof the barbarous armes of so insoleÌ„t an enemie who where he is victorious staineth the earth with bloud the aire with blasphemy and the heauens with his abhominable luxurious incontineÌ„cies let Flanders Portugal Hispaniola the other princes of India be witnes The old worthy Romanes thoght it the most heroicall thing that might be to vowe themselues somtimes to death for their countrie The two Decij Tit. Liu. and euen to spend their liues in defeÌ„ce of their altars temples monuments of their elders but you seek to see your couÌ„try bathing in the bloud of your parents kindred friends to see your cities graues temples of your predecessors consumed with fire to see your virgins defloured your women rauished and finally to bring the noblest of nations to a perpetuall slauerie seruitude yea and that of the most cruell nation that liueth a nation not fullie an hundred yeres since wholy they receiued christianity as yet are in their harts Pagans Moores froÌ„ profession of which they are onely restrained by the seuere bridle of their cruel sanquinary inquisitioÌ„ which paganisme of theirs thogh in their speeches they dare not manifest yet do they in their abhominations discouer the same If the Numantines Saguntines and Nessatians burnt their towns slew their wiues and children finally theÌ„selues rather than they would receiue the yoake of worthie vertuous nations that assailed them What shoulde wee then do whoÌ„ our vertuous ancestors haue left honored with the inuincible trophes of so many victories ouer great and mightie nations yea ouer Spanie it selfe rather than to indure the insolent wicked tiranous gouernment of that nation whom al Europe hath in horror leauing to our posteritie after vs a perpetuall seruitude and bondage as an euerlasting memorie of our cowardise But leauing this vntill a fitter time I hope that his alredy said shal be sufficient to make you cleerly plainly vnderstand that there is not to be found among these disentions partialities conspiracies treasons that sweetnesse libertie and tranquilitie of conscience which you expect looke for but rather turmoile griefe distraction of minde with a perpetuall grudging remorse of conscience scandalized with infinite examples of euill life impietie defamation periurie on the one side offensiue to her Maiestie and the state of your countrie on the other side subiected to the disdain bitter scorn of the Spaniard The Spaniarde esteemeth the seruice but scorneth the traitour who howsoeuer hee respect the seruice yet neuer regard the person of a traitour as a great noble man in Spaine spared not to tell Charles the fift when by him he was commanded to lodge the Duke of Burbon in his house at Madryle saying that he would willingly obey his Maiesty The answere of a noble man to Charles the fift but protesting withal by a great oath that he would set it a fire so soone as the Duke should be out of it for his predecessors had not built it to be an harbor for traitors Likewise when Christian var de Veque had betraied The kings recoÌ„peÌ„ce to ChristiaÌ„ var de Veque for betraying to him the

might thereof insue forbad by act of Parliament these sortes of seditious people to enter into her realme or to vse or exercise any such vnquiet doctrine Limiting therewithall to such as were within the realme a time to depart out of the same But this lenitie wrought rather contempt then obedience for these men contemning the grauitie of our lawes and not thinking any to be obeied but such as they make themselues came still into the realme as fast as before Great numbers of them were taken and emprisoned whom though her maiestie deseruedly and with greate Iustice especially the daily mischiefe stirred vp within the realme by their malitious practises considered might haue executed as Traytors and Rebels yet the greatenesse of her princely clemencie and compassion was so vnwilling to come vnto extreames that she caused them al once more to be pardoned and to be put out of the realme but with expresse commaundement neuer to returne in the like sorte in doing otherwise they should not attend any other than the rigor of the lawes All this would not serue their tourne but in despite of her maiestie and contempt of her lawes sundry of them returned of which some of them beeing taken haue receiued the hyre and iust recompence of their disobedience But that her maiestie seeketh not their blood as they most falsely giue out appeereth by her clemencie vsed to sondry of them taken by her souldiors in the Low-countries who though they were of Sir William Stanlyes crew and adhaerentes yet seeing they were not taken within England shee graciously pardoned them all and caused them to bee set at libertie in giuing some little recompence to those that had taken them prisoners Where is then this rigour you speake of I hope the king of Spaine keepeth another manners of reuell in his dominions The cruelty and persecutions of the Spaniard in matters of Conscience ouer all Spaine Portingall Lombardie Naples and Sicilia whosoeuer speaketh a worde or maketh the least signe in the world to mislike his religion there established or anie point or ceremonie therof his cruell bloudie ministers the Inquisitors cause theÌ„ without remission to be presently burnt aliue of which the death of poore Doctour Augustine Cacalla can giue good witnesse Who for a small point in difference of religion was at Valladolid in Spain apprehended for a Lutheran and with him thirtie of such as had giuen him audience many of which were Gentlemen and Ladies and among the rest the two sonnes of the Marquesse of Poza the greatest parte of which were presentlye burnt aliue the rest submitting themselues were pardoned their liues but condemned to perpetuall prison wyth the confiscation of all their goods and all theyr life time to weare the Sambenito which is a yeolow garment The Sambenito wyth a red crosse before and another behinde painted all ouer full of deuils faces a thing of the greatest reproch and dishonour there that possiblie can bee But seeing these of which wee haue spoken are his subiectes and are of force tied to the iurisdiction of his lawe howe cruell so euer I will not heere trouble you anie farther with the recitall of the calamities and miseries layde vppon them from time to time howe sundrie of them for the breache of his constitutions in matter of ceremonie haue bin cruelly committed to the flames But what reason hath he I would faine knowe to extend the like rigor and crueltie against strangers who owe him no obedience but come onely into his Countrie in regarde of machandise or other theyr occasions and neuerthelesse haue beene apprehended their goods taken awaie and theyr themselues cruelly executed Among innumerable other examples hereof that I could alleadge I will onely acquaint you with one At execution of which a Gentleman of good credite in the lowe Countries sware vnto mee that hee was present and that it was in manner as followeth There was one Giles Rat a Citizen of Antwarpe The execution of a Dutchman an Englishman in Spaine for religion and by his occupation a shoomaker who some fewe yeeres since going into Spaine about some businesse pertaining to his trade was apprehended brought before the inquisitors onely for that hee had smiled at the image of our Ladie which as they sayde he had done in derision and therefore presently condemned him to the fire amd with him likewise an Englishman for the like cause whose name the Gentleman that sawe them burned knew not but hee tolde mee that at the time of their execution there mounted vp into a scaffolde there by two Iesuites forbidding the peoto vppon paine of excommunication to praie for them saying that they had deliuered them both ouer inbodie and soule to the deuill as those that died obstnate and wilfull heretikes Surely by these examples it appeareth that hee would bee loth to tollerate in Spaine anie that should go about to seduce his people with anie contrarie doctrine especiallye ministers of which if anie such should fall into his handes it is likely he would not so often pardon them as the Queene hath done the other As for his lowe Countries They were takeÌ„ in the towne of Dermounde three yeres since I neuer knew but of two taken and they were both put in sackes by the Spaniards and throwen into the riuer This is in deede extreame tyrannie and not that which her maiestie vseth who is alwaies readie to receiue into grace and fauour those of whome she hath anie hope that they will become good subiectes The mercifull offer of her maiestie to Catholikes after theyr condemnation and hath as I haue heard offered after that by lawe they were condemned her princely mercie and fauour to some of them if they wold haue promised to become good subiect O howe different is this proceeding from that whose mildnesse and clemencie they so highly commend But it is the nature of men especially of those whose iudgementes are wauering and vnsetled alwaies to mislike and loath those things to which they are accustomed deeming other to them vnknowen much better But perchance you will saie that in their so greate commendation they do onely meane his manner of gouernment in the Lowe Countries True in deede it is that hee hath not yet planted there his inquisitioÌ„ though the same be much against his wil. Neuertheles if you did but see the manner of his gouernment in those parts I thinke you wold iudge them worthie of small beliefe that haue so highly commended the same vnto you First in matter of religion and conscience I doo not thinke that it is possible for anie people bee more hardly any vncharitably dealt withal then they are vnder the seruitude of the cleargie but especially of the Iesuits As for the other orders of religion as Monks Friers c. though they are exceedingly exhausted by them in matter of charge as beeing compelled to reedifie their ruined cloisters to furnish them with costly images and

rich moueables when he had so done died within three moneths after the same His next heires by counsell of their friends put the Iesuites in sute Against which though they opposed themselues with all vehemencie yet to their great shame reprehension sentence was giuen against them by the roial councel of Macklin It is called Magnum regium consilium and hath authoritie to determin definitly both in ciuil criminal causes without appeale Notwithstanding they wold not so giue ouer but by the meanes aide and support of President Pamele a chiefe fauorite of theirs they appealed from thence to the councell of Estate at Brussels getting the cause after sentence giuen to be remoued a thing there vnusuall and scarcely euer heard of before There I lefte the processe hanging what became of it afterwards I know not but by hooke or by crooke it was thought they woulde carrie it awaie in the end Another time a rich wealthie merchant of Antwarp An other the like historie but one in that point whose deuotion and scrupulotitie ouer-went his wisdome comming to them in confession and telling them of some vniust gaine with which he felt his conscience touched they presently with sundrie terrifying speeches tolde him that he was in the state of damnation out of which he could not be deliuered vntil such time as he had made restitution as well of that confessed as of all other monie and goods that hee had by vsurie vnlawfully gotten laying before him Quod non dimittitur peccatum nisi restituatur ablatum with sundry other such sentences of which they had store In fine they put the poore man into such a seare of conscience that hee yeelded to make restitution if so the same might bee done without his vndooing discredite or shame Whereupon to comfort him agayne but in deed fearing least if they dealte too rigorously and roughlye with him they shoulde get nothing they tolde him that if in steed of all such interests and vsuries with which he felt his conscience burthened he only would bee content to deliuer vnto them some such summe of money as without his vndooing he thought hee might conueniently spare His name is John Baptista Spinila a man known in most marchaÌ„t townes of christeodom they would take it vppon their soules to see the summe imployed vpon good vertuous charitable vses to the greater benefit and merite of his soule as a thing more acceptable vnto God lesse scandalous to the world then if he should make restitution to whome it apperteined and had bene by his vsurie interessed where vpon the marchant being wel satisfied in conscience gaue them the mony and they him their absolution It was a greate speech for a while about the towne that this great marchant would become a Capuchine and make a distribution of his goods among them he himselfe made greate shewe thereof a while but it the end he deceiued them and falling to his olde byas did not sticke to tel vnto some of his priuate friends this fore remembred tale But I will holde you no longer with the recitall of these their politique and vnconscionable practises which truly in my opinion are very vnfitting for men that professe themselues to be of the society of Iesus who being the fountaine of all purenesse will surely neuer associate himselfe with deceiuers and false wordly politicians But let them take heede for this the intrusion of themselues into temporall matters their subtilties and vnquiet stirring wittes hath made them odious to most parte of the worlde I meane euen to such as professe their owne religion The templers were as mightie as euer they were and in outward apparance of greate holines and integritie yet for their hypocricie God sodeinly ouerthrew them The Templers greater than euer they were yet sodainly for their hypocrisie ouerthrowen tooke awaie their liues and possessions made their memorie infamous Let them beware that the like punishment hang not ouer their heades for I can assure them they are growen odious to the world and to none more odious then to some of their owne religion who do wel forsee the scandal and slander that by their behauiour ariseth to the Romaine Church I could here in particular touche some of theÌ„ by name with matters that they would be ashamed to here of But I am not so vncharitable or malitious as to libell the names of any men or to defame them publiquely especially for matters of frailtie though amonge them nothing is more common and vsuall then vpon the dislike of any mans humor or action presently to publish his name to the world in some malicious pamphlet or other vpbraiding him therein yea euen with theverie errors and frailties of his youth if they can touch him with any such if not then imputing to him fained falshoods and vilanies which how false wicked or improbable soeuer they be they knowe they haue customers that will receiue them for currant They haue dared in their Libels to touch the maiestie of princes the dignitie of great honorable couÌ„sellers Yet all were well so they would content themselues to deale onely with priuate men in this sorte But such is their respectlesse audatious and vnbrideled insolence that they haue dared to lift their damned and rebellious pennes dipped in stronger poison than the arrowes of Hercules against the soueraigne and sacred maiestie of Princes and against the high ancient dignitie of great and mightie counsellors yea euen of such as sit at the helme of gouernment taking out of the foulest sinkes of hel it self false defematorie periured abhominable speeches thereby to dispossesse the worldes minde of the opinion which theyr constant course in long continued virtue and integritie hath gained them But in fine they loose theyr labor and get no more than he that defiled his owne face with spitting into the winde or the other that kicking against a thorne made his owne heeles bloudie For howsoeuer in theyr commonwealth which they deliniate according to the guiltinesse of theyr owne feeling and gouernment or their Philopater which name they giue themselues by a figure called Antiphrasis But howsoeuer in them or anie other pamphlet they raile or bewraie their owne mallice they can no whit at all impeach the honour and reputation of these noble personages who like mightie and well grounded rockes contemning the forcelesse windes that blowe against them are so surely seated vpon the safe ground of loyaltie to their Prince and loue to their Countrie that albeit they please the humor of a few whom they leade like Buphals by the noses forbidding them to looke into the light least they should perceiue their iugling yet those that haue anie wisdome or discourse of reason will the more reuerence honour and esteeme them and admire their happines in hauing deserued so well of the realme as that therby they shuld procure vnto them the hatred of those that are such deadly

Trynquart the Generall of the Viures for munition and corne to victuall the campe the olde store being cleane consumed knew no other meanes than to deale earnestly with this Simon Sweres and other Merchants that had trade with Hamborough Lubecke and the Easterlings which Countries were replenished with corne to make some aduenture thither for the releefe of their present extremitie He among the rest shewed himselfe not vnwilling to enter into an action so charitable and vertuous so that his paines might be requited and hee sufficiently warranted and kept free from such danger as might ensue either by-perill of sea taking of the enemies or losse in the same when as it shoulde come To this end the Duke procured him the kings Letters of assurannce in the most ample maner possible encouraging him with faire wordes and many promises to proceede which hee did with the aduenture of the most part of his credit and goods insomuch that he laded three shippes of which one was by tempest scatered from the rest and driuen on the coast of Scotland where it perisht the other two after many casualties dangers ariued safe at Dungnergne but at that time such was either his ill luck or the Countries good lucke that vpon a new plentiful yere they had such store of corne that the price thereof abated from forty foure shillings to six shillings the vierendall at which price the Kings officers hauing made their prouision furnished their store vtterly refused to take that which arriued in the ships of Simon Svveres wrangling with him about the goodnesse thereof and the long stay which his Factors had made whereby the poore man making sute vnto the king by one whome he presently dispatched into Spaine was forced to keepe the same so long vpon his owne hands that it venowed and waxed mustie in such sorte that hee was faine to throwe the greatest part thereof away without euer to this day being able to receiue of the king one penie of recompence insomuch that hee was constrained by reason of this and other losses happening by the occasion thereof to the wonderful shame griefe and confusion of him his wife his children and his friends hauing before time liued in as great magnificence and good respected sort as any Merchant in the towne to breake banker out and I saw him at Brussels suing to the Duke and to the priuie counsell for a protection to keepe his bodie from attachment But shall we wonder at this his dealing with priuate men His vnkinde dealing with the Duke of Parma when hee spared not in these reckonings of mony to deale as bitterly with the Duke of Parma himselfe the vnkindenesse of which was the greater in regarde that the noblenesse of the partie to whome he vsed it and the nearenesse to himselfe in blood being his owne nephew seemed euen in honour vnfit for the receit of so vnrespectfull a message for whereas the D. of Parma not long before his death had borrowed 30000. crowns of the Bankers of Antvverp to stoppe therewith a sodaine extreame necessitie that concerned exceedingly the Kings seruice and had for the payment thereof interposed his owne credite and assuraunce which otherwise they refused to lend him in regard of the kings ill correspondence in their former recknings Vpon the next comming down of the Kings mony into Flaunders the D. caused the said sum with the interest thereof to be according to his promise paid to the Merchants Whereupon the Treasurer generall aduertising the K. his master of the late summe receiued and withall of the deduction made by the Duke of Parma for satisfaction and payment of the Italian Bankers The King presently wrote downe a Letter vnto the Duke of Parma full of the bitterest and disgracefullest reprehensions that possibly might be amongest the rest wondering howe hee dared presume to turne such money to satisfaction of Merchants as hee had appointed vnto the maintenance of his armie commaunding him from thence forward not to arrogate vnto himselfe so great an aucthoritie as to dispose his money to any other vses than such as hee shoulde ordaine them for and withall rebuking the Treasurer generall for deliuering the saide summe directly charging him not to do the like at any time without his especiall warrant Which vndeserued indignitie did so much greeue the Duke chiefly being guiltie too himselfe of the well employment thereof and of his many notable and faithfull seruices that hee shutte him selfe vp for many dayes into his chamber ful of the extremest melancholy that might be the cause whereof beeing by the worlde wondered at his inward fauourites did not sticke to publish the same in manner and forme as you see it here described Other men may heereof imagine as they please but surely I cannot be perswaded but this his vnroyall dealing proceedeth directly from a meere disabilitie and vnablenesse that hee findeth in himselfe to supply the infinite charges of the many great enterprises with which hee hath intangled himselfe of which if you desire to haue better experience looke but into the office of his treasure at Brusselles and I doubt not but you wil confirme my opinion There you shal see a miserable troupe of suters with lyberansaes in their handes The in digeÌ„co of his Treasurer general and the miserie of such as are suters vnto him at Brussels some of the which haue lost a legge or an arme some that wearied with the warres and pretending either age or infirmities haue gotten their licences and pasportes to departe into their Countries some alledging one cause and some another but in fine no one of them al in lesse than two or three yeeres folowing him able to get a peny so that there is no yeere but a great number of them die for hunger yea and some of them euen at his gates I assure you on my credite I haue knowen some poore people that for the summe of fixe pounds haue followed him three yeeres when eyther hee goeth out or commeth in to his house he is faine to goe through gardeins and bie-waves to deceiue his poore suters who otherwise enraged with desperate necessitie did assaile him though in vaine with such lamentable and ruefull cries that it woulde pearce any honest mannes heart to beare them But heere by the way I thinke it not amisse to tel you two prety iests that happened at Brussels whiles I was there in the yeare of our Lorde one thousand fiue hundred and ninetie the one of a Spanish and the other of a Sycilian souldier either of which practised his wit vpon Iohn de Lasture the Kings treasurer to the obtaining of a little money for the which they had a long time followed in vaine A notable cosoning tricke of a Spanish souldier The Spaniard getteth him to the gardian of the gray Friers in Brusselles professing with a maruellous contrition and remorce of conscience an exceeding zeale and inclination to enter into religion praying him in christian

they came vpon the coast of England dared not to land a man whereas wee the next yeere following with a little nauie containing not aboue eleuen thousand men vnder the conduct of the twoo renowmed Captaines sir Iohn Norris and sir Frauncis Drake landed in Spaine burned his shippes put his people to the sworde and his Townes to the fire and coasted thence along into Portugall and there landing marched in his countrey euen to his gates of Lisbone with drummes sounding and with ensignes displayed from whence wee returned vnfought withall by any of his forces by sea or land These things well considered mee thinketh you haue greater reason to hope one day to see English ensignes displayed in Madrill together with the vtter ruine of this aspiring tyrant and al his followers and partisians than any way to seare him and his proceedings And yet there is one point besides all the aboue rehearsed out of which we may receiue singular comfort as that which of all other most deepely vexeth and afflicteth his cogitations and which not doubt before it be long will giue vs a great aduantage against him and that is the contention which he seeth to spring vp in his owne house of which I will briefly discourse vnto you the occasions bicause ye shal vnderstand the same the better His eldest onâ—l sonne Don Philip by Anne of Austria daughter to Maximilian the second He hath by seuerall wiues three children liuing two daughters and one son the son yong of yeeres pale and weake of complexion and not of the greatest viuacitie of spirite though the same according to the course of the worlde is by the common sorte much couered vnder the high dignitie of a Prince His eldest daughter Donna Isabella by Madâ—m Isabel the eldest daughter to Henry the second King of France His eldest daughter whome they call la infanta of Spaine a woman as by birth great so prowde exceedingly haughty minded and aboue measure aspiring prudent in her speeches maiesticall in her actions and countenance an aboue her sex manly and couragious her he hath alwayes nourished vnder his owne wing acquainting her euen from her cradle with matters of state and gouernement In which now by reason of her long experience therein she is exceedingly practised and ripe with her what waighty matter soeuer he vndertakes he participateth the same before demaunding her aduice and counsel spending sometimes whole halfe daies they two in communication together vppon her the youth and imbecillitie of the yong Prince considered are the eyes of all men throwen vpon her depend the nobilitie gentlemen and commons and innumerable troupes of surers into whose heartes she hath so insinuated hirselfe that they beare an exceeding loue reuerence towards her many mighty men haue beene offred her in marriage as the emperour Rodolph the Cardinall of Austria and diuers other but she wil abandon Spaine for none of them al til she see what wil become of her father whome she seeth olde oppressed with infinite cares and not likely long to liue vppon whose death her actions and maner of life doth assuredly shew that she is not of mettall to giue place to the yong Prince her brother but at least she meanes to part stakes with him In Spaine she knowes there is no lawe Salike to bridle hir ambitious thoughts but women may succeede as well as men for so did her great grandmother Iuana to Ferdinando her father Isabella wife to Ferdinand to Don Henryques her brother hauing these examples before her eies she feedeth her mind with high and ambitious desires of which her pretence she hath made so cleare and euident demonstâ—ations that her father to preuent this mischiefe the which hee feareth hee was forced nor long since to assemble and gather the whole Estates of Spaine and to make them sweare to be true to his sonne When her father was sicke some three yeeres since and the D. of Sauoy sent for into Spaine shee had so wrought that by her fathers testament she was ordained to be gouernesse of Spain and protectresse of the Prince her brother whome hee presently caused to keepe his Court apart sending him sundry of his counsell and commaunding the Nobilitie to be attendaunt on him acquainting him as much as in him lieth with the mannaging of matters of weight and gouernement besides it was a while bruited for certaine that the President of Artoys Richardo whome the Duke of Parma had sent into Spaine to make his excuses and iustifications against certaine pointes of treason of which hee was by the Duke of Pastrana and the Prince of Asâ—oly accused to the King vppon his returne had commission to assemble the nobilitie and states of the Lowe Countries and to cause them to take the like oathe vnto his sonne thereby to preuent as well his daughter as the Duke of Parma of theyr conceiued hopes but whatsoeuer the cause was the same was not effected His second daughter by the daughter of France Donna Katalina married to the Duke of Sauoy But nowe to come vnto his second daughter whome hee hath long time since bestowed in marriage vppon Charles Emanuel the Duke of Sauoy with absolute promise and solemne vowe betwixt him and her to leaue her a kingdome for her dowrie Shee is a Princesse in ambition and high desire nothing vnequall to her sister but in witte and courage verie farre her inferiour Shee and her husband both alreadie take vppon them in their manner stile and vsage a state and title farre beyond their dignitie conuenient onely vnto Kings Altezza is the meanest phrase that they will bee spoken in vnto Altezza Highnesse refusing anie Letters that are not so entituled for such is the will and pleasure of the King her father Naples and the Dutchie of Millaine they haue already deuoured in their hopes which if her father at his death leaue not quietly vnto them they will bee so bolde as to straine courtesie with his sonne to get them perforce if they can on the other side the States of Italie like not such a mightie neighbour amongest them and therefore to preuent both him and his father in fathers desseignement haue made a most straight secret league and alliance amongest themselues terming the same ragione de stato in the which are comprized the Pope the Venetians The Princes of Italy in league the Duke of Florence the Dukes of Vrbyne Mantua and Ferrara The Duke of Parma in his life time dared not to enter in among them but was forced though none more agreeued to dissemble and temporize for a while he knew right well that the king had beene exceeding iealous of him and did seeke though slily and dissemblingly his life honour and reputation What his sonne the new Duke will doe when occasion shall serue the Lorde onely knoweth but certaine it is that the detention of Portugall to which he perswadeth himselfe to haue right manet alta mente repostum sticketh

Kings his master of their intention withall that at a day appointed they might haue some force and assistaunce of men ready to correspond with them but that was all one so they might bee counted men of greate reach and dealers in such high state matters they spared not to proceede in inchanting those poore vnexperienced young Gentlemen in such forte as to the whole world is manifest and need not to be recited Let all Gentlemen in England especiallye papists take heed and beware of their mischieuous broode of caterpillers for they speake so deuoutly looke so smoothly and write with such counterfetted grauity and holines that it is hard for any man to eschue their deadly baits vnlesse he thoroughly do first know their trechery vnder which they do colour and shroude them VVhat hath brought master Shellie into these his extreame troubles and perill of life if her gracious Maiestie of her great clemency merciful disposition had not regarded him wyth the eyes of pitty Likewise what hath brought the late erle of Northumberland into trouble and calamity and finally to that desperate and miserable end but only these outlandish practises their conference with counterfet Mopo I meane C. Paget who was sent out of France by this seditious troupe to vndermine and ouerthrowe both the one and the other VVhat besides hath beene the cause of bringing so many other Gentlemen to the losse of their liues and liuings that liued before in ease repose and security of conscience and which is more were it not that that plot coÌ„triued the death of the Queene of Scotland by setting her in continuall practise one vpon an other against the sacred person and royal state of our most gratious soueraigne Queene so that of violent necessity her Maiesty though vnwilling and with great griefe at the generall and instant petition of al her Graces most louing and faithfull subiects whose onely weale and comfort dependeth vppon her long lyfe and prosperity to satisfie them and to preserue the state of her noble florishing realme in quiet was constrained by cutting off that rankled and infected part to yeelde ease remedy and comfort to the rest of the whole body I say not this onely of my selfe though I and all the world else doe knowe it to be very true but these their dealings haue made them hatefull and detestable euen to those of their own religion For that a fresh Iesuite tearmeth them all in generall in a Booke which hee hath written touching the Queene of Scotlandes death a viperous mischieuous and faithlesse kinde of people trecherous to those they deale withall disdainfull arrogant ambitious and worthy to be extermined out of the vtmost bouÌ„ds of the worlde Besides many other such goodly epethites with which hee beautifies them in their colours his whole booke being nothing else but railing agaynst English papistes wishing all princes noble men and Gentlemen whatsoeuer to beware and take heed of them and that in such earnest vehement and inuectiue manner that it is not possible to be more But some man perchance may demaund of me what their meaning heerein may bee or what credite commoditie or gaine might haue allured them to enter into these before sayd so wicked and detestable imaginations For aunsweare heereunto first I tolde you that so they might bee accounted and reputed for greate state-men high spirited and greate of action to procure that reputation and estimation they care not whose estate they indaunger But besides all this which wee haue alreadie spoken of they haue also further meaninges and driftes as those that doe looke deepelyest and diligentest into theyr actions doe verilye imagine and haue bene by sundrie their proceedinges euidently discouered amongest which the chiefest is that as they are of all people liuing the most ambitious so seeing this beggarly seruice doeth not fit their humour they doe feed themselues with an imagination of the time to come I meane a Spanish or popish world in this our countrie at which time then they doubt not the long time of their exile sufferance and lacke of liuing considered for so is theyr phrase and manner of speech to become mightie and great men and to haue the principal rule sway dignity and great authoritie in our countrie Marrie againe on the other side considering that they are but base companions of births and liuing and that there are in England many gentlemen of great qualitie and houses of the same religion that wold disdaine to haue such mates preferred before theÌ„ in race quality or degree they haue gon by all means possible they can about by practise or colourable deuises to roote them out so seruing their turnes two waies the one to winne reputation of men of seruice the other to rid themselues of other competitours But God be thanked the chiefest harme their conspiracies haue done hitherto hath ben to themselues and they confounded in their own deuises And yet for all this so many tragicall endes of their so many traiterous proceedinges are they not moued with any sparke of repentaunce Neyther hath the ruine of so many of you their countrie-men wrought and contriued by their practise allurement and perswasion bred in them anie feeling of remorse of conscience but rather are therby animated incouraged to set new deuises abroch with meaning in deed by sowing seditions among you by opposing you against the state to make you the onely instruments of the others ruine and so to make the way open to the Spanish tyrant to which end there is no weeke but they receyue spies and spials from you Insomuch that I speake vpon good assuraunce there are at this instant among you aboue three hundred seditious beggerlye priests sent ouer by them to no other purpose A little before the comming of the Spanish fleet they sent foure priests and two Iesuites in disguised apparell throughly instructed to sound the meaning of such Gentlemen as they thought to be of theyr religion and to incline their minds to the Spanish cause encouraging them to take Armes against her MAIESTY to which end they printed in English many hundred of bookes in Antwerpe barrelling them vp vntill such time as the Army should haue bene landed and then their meaning was to haue dispersed them full of the most blasphemous speeches and proud traiterous menaces as well agaynst her Maiestie as against you all in generall as neuer I thinke the like was heard of Besides they haue obtained of the Pope of the king that as many as had their voices in the parliament house at such time as the Queene of Scotland was adiudged to die of what degree so euer they were should be depriued not onely of theyr liues and liuings but that their posterity also shuld be for euer dis-inherited and disanulled The like also they threatned in their bookes to all such as well noble men as others that should after the landing of the Spaniards armie persist in arms against the same But

all this by the goodnes of God hath but serued to discouer their wicked intentions and to animate al true Christian Englishmen to persist with the greater loue vnitie and courage in their obedience to her Maiestie But returning againe my speeches to you O vnnaturall English-men to those whoÌ„ you should obey trecherous and vnfaithfull and of those that you doe obey contemned and made slaues how can you indure to thirst after the destruction of so sweete a countrie in which you receiued your being that gaue you nuriture being yong VVhat religion must that bee that animateth you to seeke subuersion of so benigne a princesse and of so glorious an estate The olde worthie Romans thought it the most heroycall thing that might bee to vowe themselues sometimes to death for their countrie and euen to spend their liues in defence of their altars temples and monumentes of their Elders and you seeke to see your Countrie bathing in the bloud of your parents kindred and friendes to see your cities temples and auncient monuments flaming in the fire to see your virgins defloured and further to bring the noblest nations to perpetuall slauerie and seruitude yea and that of the most base wicked proude and cruellest nation that liueth a nation not yet fully an hundred yeeres since wholie they receiued Christianitie and as yet are in their heartes a great number of them Pagans and Moores from profession of which they are onely held by the seuere bridle of the sanguinary and most cruell heathen Inquisition But that Paganisme of theirs which in theyr profession they dare not shew they do in their tyranny blasphemy sodomy cruelty murther adultery and other abominations sufficiently discouer If the Nunamantines Saquntines and Nessatiagis burned their townes slew their wiues and children and families themselues rather than they would receyue the yoke of worthy and vertuous Nations that inuaded them VVhat should wee then do whome our vertuous auncestours haue left honoured with the innumerable trophies of many victories rather than to indure the insolent wicked and tyrannous gouernment of that Nation whome all Europe hath in horrour leauing to our posterity after vs a perpetuall seruitude and bondage and an euerlasting memory of cowardise But leauing this vntill a fitter time I hope this that is alreadye sayde shall bee sufficient to make you clearely and plainely vnderstand that there is not to bee obtayned the sweetnesse liberty and tranquility of conscience which you expect and looke for but rather turmoyle and griefe of minde wyth a perpetuall grudging and remorse of conscience scandalized wyth infinite and innumerable examples of euill life impietie sodomye blasphemye defamation and periurie On the other side towardes her Maiestye and the state of your country you shall be helde reputed as a traitor and of those whom you shal here serue no better who make no further reckning of any of vs than as of base people fugitiues out of our cuntry for debt theeuery of some other hainous crime or other thinking it a matter vnpossible howsoeuer we disguise the same vnder pretext of religion that any man beeing in his country of honest calling or meanes to liue should be so senselesse as to exchange the same for a condition so base beggerly and infamous as that which wee doe heere indure And so did a Spanish Captaine in playne tearms signifie to sir William Standley as they passed in the ordinary boote betweene Antwerp and Brussels But now to the third point of my Discourse coÌ„cerning the mislike which sundry of you haue of her Maiesties gouernement and the state of your countrie at this present to seeke to transporte your selues hether as into a hauen of blisse security I will by comparing the one with the other as neere as I caÌ„ let you see the difference between theÌ„ both and so consequently your errour as neere as I can gesse by report of sundry coÌ„ming thence informed this your disliking proceedeth of two points The one that your lawes are too rigorously seuerely executed against such as professe the catholike religion The other that the aduersarie hath buzzed a feare into your heades making you beleeue that the fortes of your state are too feeble to resist so mightye and puisant an enemye as the Spanish king whose mighty treasures many dominions armies of men they magnifie to the skies and therefore perchaunce you couet to ioyne betimes with the partie which you doe thinke most aduantagious for your future security aduancement First touching the persecutions of Catholikes which our traytours here so much exclaime vpon filling whole volumes therewith aggreuating the same in tearmes most bitter and lamentable to foraine Nations Let vs see what reason they haue I would fayne demande one question If euer they did reade heare or knowe of anye one King or Queene that did with greater mildenesse of lenity tollerate or suffer within his or her dominion a sect of religion opposite to the lawes by him or her establyshed especiallye the same hauing sundrye times rebelliously attempted against their crowne state and dignity Let them looke if there be men of iudgement into the ages passed euen amongst the Heathen and into the present time among all the Princes of Europe and if there bee not any to be founde that hath dealt with the like lenity as her Maiesty hath done why then doe they so falsely slaunder her Doe they not know that shee is the sacred and annointed Queene appoynted by God to gouerne them If they doe why doe they not then with all penitencye and humility loue honor and obey her and praying to God to conuert her seeing such is their desire and not by traiterous mischiefe seek to murther and depriue her They learned not that of the ancient Christians in the primitiue church But they will say she hath executed many seminary priests I confesse she hath indeede by cutting them off preserued her realme from many diseases that rankled within the same But yet hath shee proceeded therein in so gracious and mercifull a sort that shee hath witnessed sufficiently vnto the worlde howe loath shee is to come vnto bloud so long as there is any other remedy in the worlde to bee vsed For her Maiesty knoweth her councell knoweth you and I and the whole world knoweth that the comming of these Seminaries priests and Iesuites to reconcile men as they tearme it to the obedience of the Roman Church is directly and obstinately to alienate and diuert theyr mindes from her Maiesty and to encline them to bee ready to assist any enemy eyther within or without the realme that shall colour his cause vnder the pretext of religion Her Maiesty I say and Councell and all good subiects knowing this and foreseeing the danger that might thereof insue forbade by Acte of Parliament these seminaries to enter into her realme or to vse or exercise anye such seditious doctrine limiting therwithal a time to such as were within the realme to

depart out of the same But this sufficed not these good fellowes thinke no lawes good or to be obeyed but such as they make themselues In they came as fast as before greate numbers of them were taken imprisoned who though her Maiestie deseruedly and with great iustice especially the daylye misciefe stirred vp within the Realme by their seditious practises considered might haue executed as traitours and rebelles yet the greatnesse of her princely clemencie and compassion was so loth to come vnto bloud that shee caused them all once more to be pardoned and to bee put out of the Realme but with expresse commaundement neuer to returne in like sort in dooing otherwise they should bee sure to finde no fauour All this would not serue their turnes but in dispight of her Maiestie and contempt of her lawes sundrie of them returned of which some of them being taken haue receiued the hire of theyr gracelesse disobedience and rebellous attempt But that her Maiestie secketh not bloud as they most falsely gaue out appeareth by her clemencie vsed to sundrie of them taken by her souldiers in the Low Countries who though they were of sir William Standley his crewe and adherents her most professed enemies yet seeing they were not taken within England shee graciously pardoned them and caused to be set at libertie in giuing some litle recompence to those souldiers that had taken them prisoners VVhere is then her rigor you speake of I hope the king of Spaine keepeth another maner of rule in his Countries ouer all Spaine Portugall Lombardie Naples Ciciliae whosoeuer speaketh a word or makes the lest sigh in the world to dislike his religion there established or any one poynt or ceremonie thereof his cruell ministers the Inquisitours cause without remission to be burnt aliue as for example There was this last yeere a Citizen in Antwerpe one Gyles Rat a shoomaker that going into Spaine about some busines was apprehended for smiling at the Image of our Lady brought before the Inquisitours and by them presentlye condemned to fire and with him an English-man for the lyke cause whose name the Gentleman that sawe them burned knewe not but hee tolde mee that at the time of their execution there mounted on a scaffolde thereby two Iesuites forbidding the people vpon paine of Excommunication to praie for them saying that they had deliuered them both ouer in bodie and soule to the deuill as those that died obstinate and wilfull heretikes I would faine knowe how hee would doe with Ministers if hee shoulde catch them in Spaine as the Queene hath done priests in England As for his Lowe Countries I neuer heard but of two taken and that was at the siege of Dermond and they were both put in to sackes by the Spaniards and throwne into the riuer This is indeede Tyrannie and not that which her Maiestie doth who is alwaies readie to receiue into grace and fauour those of whome shee hath any hope that they will become good subiects and hath as I haue heard offered euen at the houre of their death her princely mercy and fauour to some of them if they woulde haue promised to become good subiects Oh how different from this is their proceeding heere which you see so highly commended But it is the nature of men especially of those whose iudgements are not setled as they shoulde bee alwaies to mislike and loath those thinges to which they are accustomed thinking other to them vnknown far better If you did but once see the tyranous vsage explication what is vsed in matter of religioÌ„ to the poore people vnder the Spanish gouernment in this Countrie I doubt not but you would be of another opinion especially the woful slauerie considered in which the cleargie or rather the rauening multitude of Iesuites Friers Monks and priests doe keepe their minde subiected It is not sufficient that they hold their mindes in a perpetuall despaire pronouncing vppon euerie friuolous point damnation vnto them but withal they compell them perforce to offerings to buying of pardons and indulgences to giue them money towardes the reparation of their Churches pictures images and waxe candles alwaies hauing one deuice or other in hand to robbe them and to drawe from them their substance for whosoeuer yeeldeth not to euery of these demaunds is presently an heretike The best houses in the Towne they take violently from the true owners and appropriate vnto themselues saying it is meete that God should first be serued before man There is no one daie but the poore citizens are punished and pestered with one or other of their orders of Friers Monkes Mendicants Capuchines Candles and monie towardes the reparation of their Churches and which they must not be denied vnlesse you will bee presently accused for an heretike But the best is to see how busie and diligent they are when they heare of a wealthie man that lyeth sick and is in danger of death This is their chiefest haruest and most optima praeda then they commend vnto him the pouertie of their cloister and the merite that hee should gaine as beeing for euer to bee remembred in their masses as one of theyr benefactors the Iesuits and Cordelleres are at this present in processe of Spaine about this matter of visitation of sicke men in articulo mortis The Iesuites saie that it appertaines vnto them because theyr profession is actiue alwaies stirring among the flocke and to doe good in the worlde abroade whereas that of the Cordelleres is contemplatiue and so by consequence most decent that they shoulde containe themselues within theyr cloysters The Cordelleres on the other side replye that theyr profession is meekenesse innocencie and pouertie and to doe good vnto all men As for the Iesuites that they are proude ambitious aspiring medlers in matters of state men of great riches and couetous of more and therefore by no meanes to bee admitted to such as lye at the article of death The matter hath beene much argued of and greatly debated in Spaine and besides the Iesuites haue openly inueighed against them in the publike schooles of Louaine yet notwithstanding how euer the cry goeth against them they holde theyr owne But this by the way seeing it comes so wel to our purpose I cannot chuse but tell you a prety ieast which happened this last Summer in these partes A Marchant of Antwerpe whose name was Hamiel being sicke of a consumption or feauer ethike the Iesuites knowing him to bee a man of great possessions and without children presentlye repayred vnto him vnder colour of spirituall consolation laying before him the vanitie of this lyfe and the certainty of the worlde to come wyth sundry other perswasions as of all men lyuing they haue their tongues most at will withall commending vnto him their order as of all other the most meritorious perfect and acceptable to God and to which our holye father the Pope and his predecessors haue granted more indulgences than to any other

order whatsoeuer they brought the poore man being of himselfe simple into their society thinking that there was no other way to bee saued and withall before hand infeoffed their college with his land which was two huÌ„dred pound a yeere giuing them besides much goods and riche moueables and when he had so done died within three moneths after the same his next heires by counsell of their friends put the Iesuites in suite agaynst which though they opposed themselues with all vehemencie yet to theyr great shame and reprehension sentence was giuen agaynst them Notwithstanding they would not give ouer but by the meanes aid and support of president Pameley who is one of theyr best children they appealed from thence to the councell of Brussels getting the cause after sentence giuen to bee remooued a thing vnusuall or scarcely euer heard off before as yet there the processe hangeth by hooke or by crooke it is thought they will haue it in the ende Another time a riche and wealthy Merchaunt of Antwerp but one in that point whose deuotion scrupulocity ouer-went his wisdome comming to them in confession and telling them of some vniust gaine with which he felt his conscience touched they suddenly with sundry terrifiyng speeches tolde him that hee was in the state of damnation out of which he could not bee delyuered vntyll such time as hee had made restitution as well of that confessed as of all other mony and goods that hee had by vsury vnlawfully gotten laying before him Quod none dimittitur peccatum nisi restituatur oblatum with sundry other such senteÌ„ces of which they had store in fine they put the poore man into such feare of conscience that he yelded to make restitution if so the sane might bee done without his vndoing dyscredite or shame VVhereupon to comfort him agayne but in deede fearing least that if they dealt too rigorously with him they should get nothing they tolde him that if in steade of all such interest and iniuryes with which hee felt his conscience burdened hee would onely be content to deliuer vnto them some such summe of monie as without his vndooing he thought conueniently he might spare they woulde take it vppon their soules to see the said summe imploied upon good vertuous and charitable vses to the greater benefite and merite of his soule and as a thing more acceptable to God and lesse scandelous to the world than if he should make restitution to whome it appertained and that were by that his vsurie interessed VVhereupon the Marchant beeing well satisfied in conscience gaue them the monie and they him their absolution But I will hold you no longer with the recitall of these things of which if I would entreate their impiety would yeelde me too much matter My principall meaning and intention onely beeing to let you see that vnder heauen there is no state so wickedly impiously deuouringly gouerned in matter of religion and conscience as these here vnder the Spaniard I thinke the recital of their miseries would rather breede in you admiration than beleefe so far doth the same exceede the compasse of al their tyrannies that euer were vsed there being no calamity in the world of which they haue not tasted of Their noblemen rulers in whose vertue and courage consisted their chiefest refuge in times past when they were wronged tyrannixed haue beene murdered strangled poisoned and slayne by the bloudy ministers of their cruell king they are taxed in great summes and numbers of men sent violently into France forrein wars and the relikes of their nobility forced to go with theÌ„ in person to their apparant slaughter leauing in the meane time their countries in pray to the enemy their villages flaming in fire their towns battered about their eares wyth the canon their priuiledges are by wrong and tyranny taken from them their cities that sometimes striued with oppulency and glorie with the goodliest and greatest of the world are gouerned by base and barbarous Spaniardes brideled with their garrisons and castels and forraged spoyled by them at such time as their payment faileth No face of iustice in their common-wealth but the same is pliable to the wil of such strangers as are gouernors of their towns captains of their castles their goodly hauens harboring sometimes with innumerable ships laden with marchandise from all parts of the world are now frequented euen of the fisher-boates their trafficke ceased and their townes almost desarte in the most of which of tenne houses together there are scarse three inhabited their villages abroade burned and ouergrowen with bushes their goodly meddowes and fruitfull pastures drowned many miles wide and long by letting in of sluces and cutting downe ditches The mansion houses and castels of their Nobilitie abused and throwen downe the errable ground waste and vntilled insomuch that there a man may haue as much land as hee will and thankes withall for the onely manuring thereof As for the poore labouring people of the country for the most part they are all starued and coÌ„sumed with hunger of which disease I my selfe haue knowne two thousand die in one summer so that you may ride in some places an hundred miles without seeing of a man woman or childe vnlesse it bee some poore sillie soule that commeth creeping out of the woodes hunger starued more like confusitated ghostes than a lyuing christian creature And yet all these in a maner happier because they are at an ende of theyr miseries than such as doe liue within the inhabited places of the countrie as Cempine and the land of VVast and these of all the people in the world I take to be the most wretchedst Ouer euery village of these are appoynted certaine horsmen to whom they are all to pay monethly contribution some ten pounds some twentie and some thirtie some more and some lesse I knew one village that paide an hundred poundes euery moneth called Turnolt but they payde it so long till all the dwellers ranne away and haue now in a manner left it void of inhabitauntes Ouer this village and the whole Countrie is appoynted a Commissarie called Sygonio for the payment of theyr contributions of all tyrants liuing the most cruellest and of least conscience VVho if they faile and doe not bring in theyr money at the last day of the moneth hee sendes forth troupes of horse-men to take the best of them prisoners and withall to driue home to their quarters or garrisons such sheepe oxen or cattell whatsoeuer as they finde in those villages which hee causeth if the money followe not within fiue or sixe daies at the furthest to be sold at the drum or Trumpet and withal forceth them to pay a great fine the one halfe of which hee retayneth to himselfe and the other to the souldiers for their out-roads and forbearance of the money But the miserie of these poore people endeth not here for besides all this they are forced many times to lodge soldiers in their

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