perfectlye digest to thine owne vse anye thinge in them except thou be able to ioyne by comparison that which thou haste sene in other mennes workes before thine eies and in the practise of thine owne handes wyth that whiche thou findest wrytten in olde authors for lyttle profit swetenesse or vnderstandinge shall one gette of authores except he see the same also put in practise Therfore when thou haste sene proued by cunning masters the whych thou haste red thou arte truelye learned in thine arte and therfore apte to worke and vse experience thy selfe And this regarde to experience in learninge made Socrates say that lerning ought not to be wrytten in bokes but rather in mennes mindes For this excellent Philosopher well perceiued that the committinge of cunnyng to wrytten bookes made men to neglect the practise and experience of their wittes by meanes whereof they became vncunninge Galen also hathe frendly admonished vs that we ought nor if we will be perfectlye cunninge to trust onlye to doctrine wrytten in bokes but rather oure propre eyes which are to be trusted aboue all other authores ye before Hippocrates and Galen For wythout the eyes consent saith Socrates the eares oughte not to be trusted for the eares are subiectes and often deceiued but the eyes are iudges bothe true and certaine As I woulde therfore that all Chirurgiens shoulde be learned so woulde I haue no man thinke him selfe lerned otherwise then chiefly by experieÌ„ce for learning in chirurgery coÌ„sisteth not in speculation only nor in practise only but in speculation well practised by experience Therfore when we saye that a chirurgien muste firste be learned and then worke It is not ment that any man by the reading of a booke or bokes onlye may learne how to worke for truelye that hathe caused so many deseiuinge abusers as there are at this daye Good chirurgien therfore haue a regard to these things euen as thou wilte answer for the same at the dredful day when the eternall Lord and almighty master shall call for accompt of eche mannes talent whether they haue gained therwith accordinge to his will or whether they haue abused or vainlye hid the same Furthermore these thinges considered obserued it is expedient chiefly before all thinges that thou haue Goddes feare alwaies before thine eies that thou leade a vertuous life and as nere as God shal geue thee grace vnsported to the world doing iust vertuous dedes abhorring abstaining from all viciousnesse Let wicked pride be farre from thy hart and rather with all humility confesse that thou canst doe nothing of thy selfe as thou canste not in deede but through the grace and mercifull fauoure of God Likewise auoide enuye and wicked wrathe be neyther wrathfull nor enuyous that an other man of thyne Arte hathe better successe then thy selfe but rather endeuoure thy self in the feare and seruice of God to learne to doe better and to excede others For to a diligente and willynge minde there is nothing to harde ne impossible Let charitye surmounte couetise so that it haue no place in thy harte otherwise then it shall be requisite for thee to liue like a man of science with a decent and honest maintenance of necessaryes Let no slouthe cause thee to neglecte thy cures wherof thou haste takeÌ„ charge least through thy negligence they pearishe and their bloud call for vengance on thee at the handes of God In anye wise be thou no lechoure but adorne thy life wyth honest chaste and sober manners for that vncleane and filthye vice is muche to be abhorred in a Chirurgyen consideringe the secretes of manye honest folkes that to hys charge and cure muste be committed Lastlye and aboue all these beware of dronkennesse a vyce that was neuer more vsed then it is of manye at thys tyme. For when hathe this vile reporte or rather reproche gone of so manye as it dothe at this daye he is a good chirurgyen in the forenone O abhomination of all other in a chirurgien to be detested But how vnmete suche are to be chirurgiens I haue touched more at large in my preface Let vertue therfore I saye be thy guide let hir be bothe thy rule and compasse wherby to frame all thy doinges And consider that chirurgerye is aâ— arte to heale dyseases whyche is a vertuous exercise ye a gifte of Goddes spiryte as saythe S. Paule and therfore can neuer be well vsed of vicious personnes althoughe they haue neuer so much lerninge For vice and vertue can neuer accorde but alwayes one is expelled by the other for two contraries can neuer agree in one subiecte Consider also howe by vertuous and holye lyfe and by faithfull prayer the very angelles at Goddes appoyntment haue descended from heauen to aid and helpe men in theâ—e nede teachinge them remedies for diuers griefes as holye Raphaell was sent to Tobye And as thou mayste reade in the .xxxviii. chapiter of Jesus the sonne of Sirache wher he treatinge of the Phisitien saythe The houre maye come that the sycke maye be healed throughe them when they praye vnto the Lorde that he maye recouer and get health to lyue longer Loe here mayste thou see that thy duety is to praye vnto God for thy pacient and for helpe and grace to heale him Praye therefore faithfully vnto God serue hym deuoutlye call rightlye vpon his holy name day and night wyth an holye abstinence as scripture teacheth not omyttinge dedes of almes the frutes of perfecte faythe Moreouer be not ingrate nor vnthankefull vnto God when he sendeth good successe to thy businesse good lucke to thy handes and graunteth thee thy hartes desyre For vnthankfulnesse many times is the cause that our prayers are not heard Praise God therfore for his benefites pray faithfullye to hym in all thy streightes of nede and this doinge be sure that God will prosper all thy wayes and geue good successe to all thy workes Take here therefore an example of prayer whiche thou mayste vse I trust to the glorye of God A prayer necessarye to be sayde of all Chirurgiens O Almightye eternall impassible and incomprehensible Lorde God whiche haste created all thinges of nothinge and man out of the slime of the earthe settinge him in paradyse to liue euer in felicitye from whiche he most disobedientlye fell into this worlde of infyrmities Whiche infirmities yet neuerthelesse thou haste of thy greate mercye so pityed that for the helpe and curaâ—ion of them thou haste by thy speciall grace geuen vertue vnto trees herbes rootes beastes foules fishes wormes stones and metalles And in fyne hast left nothing among all that thou haste made wythout a propre vertue for man his vtilitye and helpe in tyme of neede and haste also moste graciouslye geuen knowledge vnto men for to vse and minister thy creatures to the helpe of their griefes Graunte vnto me moste mercifull God that as I truely beleue and faithfully trust that all healthe and vertue commeth from thee I maye so knowe and
they whiche haue power to redresse these thynges shall of their owne motion seing these abuses subuerte them I meane that wee our selues myght growe to suche perfection that the workes and knowledge of vs myghte apeare so immaculate that by our iustnes their falshode may be sene or knowne by our cleanes theyr fowlnes by our knowledge their ignorance by our certeyne â–ª and true vse their abusion and vncerteyne aduentures As eche thinge is knowen by his contrarie So that at the laste they theÌ„ selues as Iannes and Iambres the charmers of Aegipte although for a whyle they deceiued the kyng by counterfeiting the myracles of of Moises and Aaron the seruantes of God yet at the laste confessed that their owne dedes weare done by deceite and the miracles of Moyses by the finger of God shall confesse them selues also to be abusers and we workers by true science And so at the laste I doubte not but all meÌ„ shall abhorre them And as abuse groweth into hate and coÌ„tempt so the right vse shall obteyne loue and credite so that the good indeuour of vs I truste shall be the fall both of the abusers and the haters of our excellent arte For truly my maisters and brethern I can not a little commende your late good indeuoures in this behalfe For I presently see a number of diligeÌ„t hartes endeuouryng them selues by all meanes to excelle in all kynde of studies belonging to their arte and profession and as it alredy apeareth vnto me so shall it shortely to all men euen as choke peares to our aduersaries If we may but haue the fauourable defence of you our maisters as we haue had incouragement therto by your diligence in repayring our worshipfull halle and the order therof to the increasement of al kynde of knowledge belonging to our profession I therfore as preparatiue to the reste that shall folowe dedicate thys my symple laboure in settyng forth this excellent compendious worke called Chirurgia parua Lanfranci vnder your ayde helpe succor tuition and defence whiche was translated out of Frenche into the olde Saxony englishe about twoo hundred yeres past VVhich I haue nowe not only reduced to our vsuall speache by changyng or newe translating suche wordes as nowe be inueterate and growne out of knowledge by processe of tyme but also conferred my labours in this behalf with other copies both in Frenche and latin namely with maister Bacter for his latine copie and Symon Hudie for his freÌ„ch copie and other English copies of the which I had one of Iohn ChaÌ„ber an other of Iohn Yates both very auncient with other mo whose good helpe hath not a little farthered me in these thinges to the inteÌ„t that it might perfectly come forth to a publique profite whiche to doe I was constreigned not only because I would not truste to muche to myne owne rude iudgementes but also that by the authoritie of dyuers men of knowledge this excellent worke as it is worthy may the more effectually be alowed and accepted And this dedication haue I made vnto you rather then as the common vse is to noble menne and princes because ye being fathers and auncient maisters of the same are better able by perswasion and instruction of doctrine to defende the same to the satisfiyng of all men then the only name of any prince or magistrate whiche defence I doe not desire because I thinke the most excellent Lanfranke to lack authoritie of truthe to defende him selfe but only that myne owne imbesilitie and faintnes of name in setting forthe of this worke may by your worshipfull aide succour and helpe be fortefied And thus doing ye shall not only encourage me for my part to enterprise other thinges vtile and nedefull but other also with whom I haue conferred my studies bothe haue done and doe intende the like to the increase of the name fame and worshippe of our excellent arte and the companie or brotherhod of the same Vnto this worke also is added a briefe Anatomie necessary for all Chirurgiens and a table of the interpretation as well of all maner of strange wordes as also of all maner of simples by any occasion treated of in this profitable worke By me collected according to myne owne experience and the meaning of good authors as well the auncieÌ„tes as the new writers The whiche thing if it be well approued of you it wil be as the goodnes therof deserueth The better accepted and receiued of all others the whiche thing to see weare to me for this my good will a sufficiente recompence And what profite or commoditie this worke shall be being nowe set forth vulgarly to all estates of this realme the excelleÌ„cie therof wil shortly so proue it by euident experience that we nede not for that cause here to waste the time with wordes Therfore that it may so come to passe that our endeuours in generall as well the maisters as the reste of the companie maye procede as it is begonne to the edificatioÌ„ and building vp of good science to the subuertion of all haters and abusers of the same I shall not cease not only to praie to God for helpe therin whoe is capitaine and author of al goodnes but also with such poore weapon as the forsaid capitaine hath lent me I will not cease while breath is in my body to lay on with both handes till this battell be wonne our aduersaries conuinced and vanquished which although as I saide afore they are x. to one yet truthe being our weapon and good science our armoure with our generall the high author of them we nede not to doubt but that one shal be good enough for a thousaÌ„d not so strongly armed but naked men and bare of all knowledge And in the meane tyme till we brynge forth our mayne battell let this worthy Lanfranke skirmishe with theÌ„ as I. Vigo other haue done And also let not vs be obliuious in geuyng thankes to such good men as haue in these thinges not a litle furthered our knowledges as doctor Recorde for his Vrinale of phisicke whiche he dedicated vnto vs and also doctor Turner whoe compyled his englishe herâ—ale as he affirmeth for our sakes â–ª whiche moste learned and worthie worke ought of vs to be honorably estemed rather then as it hath been of some moste spitfully despised for the faulte of the lewde and negligent prynters wherwith they seme most shamlesly to charge the author â–ª where as accordinge to his desire they ought rather for their owne profitable vse to amend the same â–ª that by their good receiuing and wel vsing of it he maye be animated to finishe al the rest of that worke according to his former intentes the which to doe if he be discouraged by our ingratitude how much the common weale shall lacke that commoditie let the wyse and learned iudge I truste I shall not nede to byd you bee thankefull to maister VVylliam Cunningham doctor of phisicke for his so many learned
publique orders So that in this case the tyme present beyng compared with the tyme past may be lykened to suche people as would plucke downe in a realme a hundred castels or strong defensed fortes whiche were made for the faulregarde of the countrey and in steade therof buylde a thousande cotages more lyke hoggesâ—yes then houses Were not this thynke you a goodly change 〈◊〉 a fewe number for the greater What was the cause that Lanfranke wrote so earnestly to his disciple that he should kepe his worke from the sighte of ignorantâ— and vnwyse people But that he feared that by such meanes a tyme mighâ— come that through the abusion of so many insipient and suche rustical professiors of that arte it would at the last come to ruine and extreame decaye so that whatsoeuer therin was ordeyned to the profite of men and their helpe in necessite should nowe through suche beastes abusing the same be the next waye to perdition of lyfe and members Did not Galen here as it were plainly prophecie in his time which was about a thousande .iii. hundred and .lxxx. yeres past for he was famous and floryshed in this lyfe about the yere of Christ .178 in the tyme of Marcus Aurelius Antonius emperour of Rome For he playnly sayde when he wrote against Thessains if phisicke were not vnitted with other learnynges that all maner of vyle ocupaciens would leaue their labour and become phisitiens Whiche is come to passe at this daye Which doubtlesse hath chaunced not because the medicinall arte may nowe better wante those worthy pointes of learning then in tymes paste it might But rather it hath chaunced bothe through wante of lawes for the prohibition of the same and executioÌ„s of them that are and also yea chiefly by the slouthfull negligence of the professors of the same So that to a number they haue been and are so worne out of mynde that howe profitable yea and what they are it is vnknowne Ioannes Fernellius a righte learned wryter deuideth as also others doe his maner of instruction and that for the whole arte of medicine into thre principall partes namely Physiologia â— de rerum naturis disputatio that is a disputatioÌ„ of the natures of things comprehending the discriptions of the Anatomie of the elementes of the temperamentes of the spirites and naturall heate of the animall faculties of the humores and naturall functions and of the sede and procreation pathologia i. causarum symptoma tumque inquisitio Whiche is the inquisition of causes and accidentes consistinge of the descriptions of diseases of their causes and accidentes and signes of the vrines of feuers c. Of all diseases both exterior and interior and Therapeutica hoc est medendi ratio that is the methode or waye of curation conteyning the maner of purging of phlebotomye and all other wayes of curations And as these .iij. are together as most necessary partes of one body so ioyntly vnited that neither the last can any thing profite without the first and seconde nor the firste he perfect and vtile without the seconde and thyrde c. So doubtlesse can the professor of neither parte lacke any portion of them without so great imperfection as is his lacke What shall we then saye of the lyke defecte in any of the three instrumentes of the curatiue parte namely Diatetice Pharmaceutice and Cheirurgiee which haue bene and yet remayne deuided into as it weare thre destincted and seuerall artes and they so farre the one from the other as though they had neuer been together as the common terme of chirurgery is it is a solution of continuitie and is come to a necessitie that diuers men must professe those diuers partes particularly euen so as wyll listeth to limite them whiche boundes also they may not passe without farther perill But howefarre the mynde and opinion of Galen was from this it is manifest For whiche of his bookes is not stuffed with manifolde preceptes belongyng to Chirurgerie And chiefly his bookes intituled de Methodo medendi de arte curatiua ad Glauconem Though in dede it should seme by Cornelio Celso that it was not then among all the vsers of the same vndeuided whiche began sayeth he about the tymes of Herophilus and Erasistratus who in the begynning of his seuenth booke calling Chirurgia the thirde parte of medicine sayeth Ea quidem medicamenta atque victus rationem non omittit Scribonius Largus also in his boke de compositionibus saith thus Implicitas medicinae partes inter se ita connexas esse constat vt nullo modo diduâ—i sine totius professionis detrimento possintâ— Ex eo intelligitur quod neque chirurgia sine diaetetica neque hac sine chirurgia id est sine ea parte quae medicamentorum vtilium vsum habet perfici possunt Sed aliae ab alijs adiuuantur quasi consumantur That is to saye It is manifest that the entermedled partes of medicine are so connexed together that they can in no wise be separated without the detrimente of the whole medicinall profession Wherby it is gathered that neither chirurgerie without the dietetike parte nor this without chirurgerie that is without that part that hath the vse of profitable medicines can be accomplished But one is holpen and as it were finished by the other These wordes also doth Philiatros reporte But why shold I reste here resiting many authorities about a matter so euident seyng that to wyse men it nedeth not as to the folyshe it booteth not But let the present tyme be iudge therin howe muche hurt the same causeth For the persons professing either of these partes are so in hate with the other partes that they thynke it a dishonor to be acquainted one with an other For as the sayde Philiatros sayeth the phisiciens or professors of the dieterike parte abhorre chirurgerie as a thing to vyle for their profession And they that are chirurgiens estemynge their profession to bee only one parte of physicke and that for the exterior partes of mannes bodie regarde not to bee learned thynkyng that it is not nedefull to their arte And likewyse the pharmaceutike parte trustyng to the learnyng of the Phisiciens and chirurgiens thynke it no boote to be learned them selues In so much that olde women must gather their herbes vnto whome they trust for the truthe of thynges rather then to their owne knowledge And the Phisiciens hauing only learning truste to the Chirurgiens and Apothecaries for experience and yet in the meane season hatynge either of both if they medle in the dietetike parte so that betwene trusting hatyng one an other they are all voyde and destitute of perfection But it can not be gathered that Galen nor yet Hippocrates which was before Galen about .640 yeres for Hippocrates liued from the tyme of Artaxerxes Longimanus vnto Artaxerxes Ochus that is to saye 104. yeres in the whiche season he healed kyng Perdicas of his disease Whiche
Dislocation or breakynge of bones DislocatioÌ„ called Laxatio is the remouynge of the bone out of hys naturall plaâ—e Knowe therefore that almighty God whose name be euerlastinglye glorified and praised hath made manye bones in the bodye of manne for diuers necessarye worâ—kes and operatyons Wherby necessarilye one member in the body of manne moueth wythoute another Knowe therefore that the coniunction of one bone with another is in a. x. maners One maner is by way of insertion of one wyth another like as two sawes were ioyned together the tethe of the one saw fillinge the voidnesse of the other as doe sometymes caruers of tables and as the bones of the head do ioyn which are .vi.b. An other maner is the appodiation or congregation that is to say the gatheryng together of one bone to another as doe the .vii. bones of the breste The thirde manner is the fixion of one bone into another as are the tethe into the Jawe bones The fourthe maner is the coniunction of one bone wyth another by ligamentes goynge betwene As in the ioynte of the shoulder bone with the adâ—utorio and so in all other ioyntes For in that ioyntes is made a coniunction of one bone wyth another by the mediation of a harde bodye insensible and flexible whiche passynge oute of the extremitye of the one bone entereth into the other bindinge the bones together But yet the flexibilitye thereof obeyeth to the lacertes that moue the member so that the member maye be bowed as it is accordante to the same to doe hys conueniente and proper office And as for all other maners of coniunctions of bones there is in them no naturall nor voluntarye mouinges Therfore Dislocations be onlye made in ioyntes Notwithstandynge certaine openinges remouinges dissâ—uerings or departings maye other while be made in the coniunctions of other bones Seinge then that dislocatioÌ„ is made only in ioyntes â–ª Firste ioyne thou bone wyth bene as they were at theyr naturalle begiÌ„nnyng And when thou haste so done take a greate linen cloth and wete it in a medicine made de Farina Cicerum Vel Volatica Farin Tritici disteperata cum 〈◊〉 and binde it wyth gentle bondes holdinge the place stedfaste in hys ioynte And doe not as manye doe now a daâ—es in the time of reduction for they foment the member with warme water whych is moste hurtfulle For thereby the meÌ„ber is effâ—blished rarified prepared to receyue superfluityes namely apostemation But it thou feare peynes â–ª anoynte the place cum Oleo Rosato calido But if thou weare not wyth him at the beginnynge and that it hathe nowe remayned certain dayes displaced and that so the place be growne to hardnesse the humores also ceasynge their naturalle course Then that the member maye be the better restored it is good that thou fomente the place not wyth whotte water onlye but cum Aqua Calida decoctionis Chamaemeli Fenograeci Seminis Lini Malâ—â—e Bisimaluae that by these thinges the place maye be the better restored Annotations vppon thys Chapiter a. Wheras Lanfraneus heare speaketh of â— maners of loyninges describeth but. iiii reade for thy larger conteÌ„tation the first chapyter of my firste treatise of Anatomye where thou shalt learne as wel the names as the formes or all manner of ioyninges of bones b. Because here also he nameth the .vi. bones of the heade to proue thys maner of coÌ„nexion of bones thou maâ—ste not gather therof that all those .vi. bones are so ioyned together for that weare false As by readynge the thirde chapiter in the firste parte of the thirde trâ—â—tite â–ª of my Anotamye thou mayste perceaue Of a Fracture Chapi ii IF anye bone be broken fyrst reduce hym into his place and then wete a lynnen clothe in Oleo Rosato and laye it aboute the member And then lay ouer and about that an other clothe wete in the forsaide medicyne wrytten in the Chapiter of Dislocation And vppon that clothe laye smalle boulsters of towe wete in Albumâ—â—e oui and ouer that towe binde splintes wyth cordes And see that the splintes be made accordinge to the figure and quantitye of the member bindinge it so that it remoue not least the remouynge of the member hinder the restoration lettinge it not to be opened vntill the .x. daye excepte one of these .iii. thynges folowing constreigne thee to open it That is to wete muche payne caused throughe harde bindynge or by the course of humores gatheryng to an aposteme or great Itch. If paine and ache or the fluxe of humores be the cause vnbinde it and anoynte the place cum Oleo Rosato and lette hym bloude on the contrary syde And restreigne the patientes diete taryinge so till the fluxe of humores be ceased and then binde it vp agayn But if Itche be the cause then vnbinde it and washe it wyth warme water then binde it vp agayne Lettyng it so continue till it be consounded I wyll also wryte amonge other consolidatiue medicynes in the antidotarye a medicine that is beste in Fractures and in Dislocations But note thys that in euerye worcke of Chirurgerye it is nedefulle and necessarie that then indeuoure thy selfe to worke aboue and beyond that whiche thou findest wrytten in bokes and especiallye in Algebra For euerye science that dependeth vpon workyng by the hand is muche fortified by experiment and practise An Annotation vpon the. ii Chapiter of the thirde parte ‡ Baâ—â—e Viscose are the woordes of Lanfranke aboute the whiche I was somewhat troubled for Baâ—â—e is a worde out of vse amonge the learned and therfore not to a fewe of them vnknowne Howe be it I thinkinge because Lanfrancus was of Milayne that it myghte perhappes be some Italian worde thoughte good to conferre the same with some learned Italians of whome I receiued thys interpretacion Baâ—â—e say they is the drâ—uling spitlle of suckynge children And therefore haue I englished Baâ—â—e Viscose slimy spittle whyche thoughe I thoughte I myghte safely so doe yeâ— doe I willinglye abide the censures of the learned ¶ The fifthe parte of thys woorke ensueth conteining .viii. Chapiters and treateth of the diseases of the eyes Of the Composition of the eyes and the diseases of the same The fyrste Chapiter THERE is no disease in anye officialle member of the body so hardly knowne of the Chirurgien as are the diseases of the eyes And that for the subtiltye of artes composition in them For the eye is meruailouslye composed of .iii. humores and .vii. coates Whiche all doe serue to the composition therof and are bodies moste subtille and to syghte as it weare incomprehensible but by vnderstandinge they are verye well comprehended wyth also their composition and vtilities Unto the eies thus noblye composed doe come certeine veynes bringinge to them theyr nurishment and also arteries bringinge life vnto them bothe so smalle and fyne that they are to the sight almoste insensible And from the firste coniugation
for an other euen as the Apothecaries also for lacke of knowledge do ofteÌ„ sell one thing for an other as by occasion in this table ye shall fynde the same by the truthe confuted For thoughe some may note it a kinde of presumption to vary from the common opinion yet may I answer with Aristotle that Plato is my frend and so is Socrates but the truthe before them bothe And as mine opinion agreeth wyth the truthe I wishe it onlye accepted and where it will not stand wyth reason and truthe to be reiected as an vntruthe and a thing not worthy of credite For as Plato that diuine Philosopher saythe if men in resoning as muche desired the truthe of the thinge it selfe as they do the maintenance of their own opinions glory of their wittes there should not brede so muche hatred as ther dothe nor halfe so many matters be left vnconcluded And as semeth to me this worthy sentence of good Doctor Recorde in the .iiii. boke of his castell of knowledge in the 129. page may serue well in the lyke sence Often haue I redde in Galen saithe he and more often haue I sene it by experience that better it is for men to want all arte of reasoninge cleane then to haue suche confidence in a meane knowledge thereof as maye cause them to deceaue them selues and to seduce other As truthe therfore wyth reason will approue these iudgementes I only wish them to be credited of the studious reader and otherwyse not For as I woulde gladlye my selfe embrace the moste truthe so wold I desire my doinges to be considered wyth moste true authores without partialitye But seinge I haue moued here the studye concernynge the knowledge of herbes I thinke it good to remember the scornynge ignorance of some whiche because they are not experte in the knowledge of symples scorne the dilygence of all other that trauell therin as thoughe it were a thynge wythoute frute or profyte thinkinge therby to couer their neglygence whyle they vpbraide with opprobry the diligence of other men For as in the yeare of oure Lord a thousande fyue hundred fifty and seuen I came throughe Bucklersbury loe a certaine woman came to sell hearbes to the Apothecaryes and asked if they woulde buye mayden heare And they desieringe to see it she shewed to them an herbe Nothinge agreinge with that whiche she named But only that it had rounde leaues standinge in good order on eche syde the stalke as maiden heare hathe but it had little floures like belles somwhat redishe mixed with whyte with a grene stalke and thicke leues full of iuse and in all poyntes moste agreinge in likenesse to Nummularia otherwise called Centum Morbia and in Englishe two peny grasse sauing that it was manye partes lesse and almoste as small in deede as Trichomanes whiche we call in Englishe mayden heare Because I neuer saw it before I toke a small part therof bare it wyth me if haply I might meete with anye that knewe it and so to attaine the name therof And truly before that houre were fullye at an ende I fortuned through the societye of my reuerende frende master Gale Chirurgien of London to come into the company of a Phisicien a stranger borne whome after diuers communications I desired to shew me his opinion of that herbe which when he had well vewed and also tasted he answered that he knew it not And because he estemed it a dishonor vnto him withoute some excuse or cauilation he sayde it made no matter to be so precise in the knowledge of herbes for said he what nede I occupye manye herbes in a medicine whereas one wil serue or what nede I confecte together Solanum Papauer Hiosiamus Mandragora and Lactuca when only Hiosiamus or onlye Papauer wil serue my turne vnto whome I thus answered Sir vnder your correction I graunt it to be true that manye symples nede not be put together where one wyll serue the turne and affirme farthermore that it ought not for as muche as Galen hym selfe geueth counsell neuer to vse compoundes where symples wyll serue But how shall I knowe that Mandragora will serue the turne of Papauer or Lactuca of Solanum or Hiosiamus of any of them if I first know them not all dothe not diuers regions bringe forthe diuers herbes accordinge to the diuersities of soyles and natures of heauenly climates some place bringeth forthe Hiosiamum and none of the other that ye named and an other place an other without the rest If nowe I know not the natures of all I shall sometime thinke that it is vnpossible to doe a thinge because I lacke there mine olde practise As for example I would doe it with Malua and none groweth there wheras yet the earthe bringeth forth herbes of the same nature in an other forme whiche neuerthelesse serueth not my want and that because I know them not Wherfore I conclude that althoughe diseases may be cured with neuer so few yet is it necessary to know them all And though he coulde not denye this yet he fell in rebukinge of Uigo because in his medicines he vseth suche greate composityons and saide plainlye that Uigo in that poynt was a foole so grossly master doctor termed him But I perceiue what procured master Phissicien to be offended wyth Uigo he playeth the Phisicien so muche in all his workes for in the moste parte of diseases that he wryteth of he describeth an order of life and also purgation to take away the originall cause Happye was he that he dwelte amongst the Phisitiens of Rome and Italye for if he had dwelte in this region he must not haue put his owne knowledge in vse but haue lefte that to oure doctores Well the time woulde not then serue vs anye more to reson but here will I saye somewhat in Uigo his defence Whereas ye call Uigo foole because of his greate compositions costlye medicynes I answer Then was Galen also a foole so was Auicen and Mesues with diuers other who deuised the greate compositions of Theriaca and Mithridatium which for all your wisdome in your moste weighty affaires ye are constreigned to vse for your gaine and worship Or whye maye not any man put in wrytinge a greate composition wherin he hath founde vtility that other after him maye doe the like by his example But if anye man can â—oe the like with anye one or two the symples chosen out of so many what hinderaÌ„ce is the composition to the symple medicine But I saye that in the moste parte of medicines ye muste of necessitye vse compositions for otherwise trulye the wisest maye fortune to erre and worke folishly and that specially in inward medicines namelye purgations for as Mesues saith ther is no symple purginge medicine that can be taken that leaueth not behinde it some hurte in the body For the which cause it is necessarye to compose wyth them such thinges as haue power to defende the body from the
said hurtes by qualifyfying the hurtfull proprety of the medicyne It may please you therfore to leaue your blamyinge of Uigo or elsse if his doinges like you not set your pen to the booke and make a more perfecte woorke So shall the common weaâ— geue you thankes Otherwise we must necessarily iudge that ye speake suche vprobrious wordes against Uigo out of the mouth of enuye In the meane season Jexhort all my brethren Chirurgiens that they after due trauels taken in the former partes moste diligently studye the knowledge of symples and the natures of them from the most to the least so shall you haue perfect knowledge how to worke whether it be with symples or compoundes many or fewe For though Diogines threwe away his drinking dishe as a superfluous thinge when he sawe an other poore man drinke in his bare hande yet is it not euell a man to haue in hys house pottes and glasses yea goblets of siluer cuppes of gould for his hand is neuer the farther from him wherin he may drinke if he lift or when nede constreigneth him for lacke of an other vessell What if Diogenes had seene a man lye alonge by a riuer side drinking of the water onlye wyth his mouth as dothe a beast woulde he also trowe ye haue throwne awaye hys hande The laborynge man the poore ploughe man lyueth as long in good health wyth martelmasse beffe bakon homely cheese course breade and â—hin drynke as the richest noble man withall his deintye fare he can deuise Is it necessarye that prynces and noble men therfore shall be driuen to that fare because pore men can so liue There are diuers barbarous nacions of people that liue only with herbes rootes is it necessarye therfore that we shall leaue oure fleshe and fish and holsome bread It is an olde sayinge that store is no sore and pleÌ„ty no deinty Is it not better to know so much that I may take and leaue then to know so litle that I shal many times lacke Hinder not the diligent mindes therfore of such as wold learne for though some thinke it a thinge vnmete for theyr age to learne yet wherfore shuld they discourage youÌ„g meÌ„ for whose estate and age it is most meete to seke for knowledge For whyche cause Aristotle councelled men in theyr youthe to learne ye saythe he allthough it be painfull for it is lesse peyne for a man to learne in hys youthe then in age to be vncunninge Oh worthy saying Thys sentence of Aristotle I wish rather to be weyed and folowed then that any mannes minde should be remoued from study and diligence to learne with fonde perswasions Some will saye I am an olde man and haue done great cures and neuer knewe so muche and my master before me was an auncient man and was neuer so curious Surely science at some time florisheth whych in time to come is darkened againe by ignorance so that time maketh all thinges old and after bringeth forth that olde thynges againe causing them to be called newe The frutefull bookes of Dioscorides Hippocrates Galen and Plini are olde and auncient thinges ye they were counted so old that some of them wyth most men were worne oute of minde and the goodly doctrines also conteined in them Yet time bringing forthe the same thinges againe in other men they are called new lerning ye of some newe faÌ„gles though it be the very same auncient thinges no thing elsse Such an enemy vnto knowledge is ignorance euermore murmuring and grudging therat with hainous reproche Therfore let all men that minde to haue perfection of any good science arme them selues with patience and constaÌ„cy and regard not such vaine iangling but goe forth to your businesse not caring for their bablinge euen as you may see the very great and stout horsses shewing the like example which passe forth on their way not once regarding the barking of curres nor shewing anye token of reuengment for euen suche iangling wil time weare and wast and consume also suche enuious disdaine Accept my good will therfore I moste hartelye desyre you all ye that loue to learne for as I loke at your handes to finde good report and loue whych is the frute of a good gentle inclination so I loke at the hands of the enuious ignorant for none other but the frutes of theyr beastly nature So that in fyne it semeth that of them I may thus iustly conclude LIke as the flye that fedeth styll In vile corrupte degre Dothe still despise and hate as ill All herbes that holsome be And as the man whose trade was aye To scoure the fylthye gonge Of spicers shoppes was wonte to saye They stinked very stronge Or as the swynes filthye desyre Dothe flee eche holsome place And for to walow in the myre More gladlye dothe embrace In wicked men so wickednes Wil alway haue a sway Dispraising still throughe hatefulnesse Eche good and perfect way Fare ye well Thomas Halle to the gentle Readers that thirste for science wisheth the increase of knowledge in good thinges and as to hym selfe a Christian felicitye SEing that dere brethreÌ„ to publish these gestes to the prospect and iudgment of the rude multitude from whose face then it can not be kepte is an enterprise no lesse dangerous then to commit a skiffe or small whirey charged to horryble tempestes on the raginge seas howe greate cause hath my brother had to detracte or delaye the time of publishing the same yea how lyttle maruel had it bene if when it was finyshed he had neuer doen it So it might otherwise haue ioinde to oure handes for whose sakes he bothe tooke the paynes and is content to beare the bitter woundes of scornfull sclaunders dartes shotte alwaies by the arme of ignorance Not doubtinge thy good nature to be euer prest to thinke and saye the best and to take all thynges tollerable in good parte wherby thou mayste render to hym his hartes desire whyche is also no more then duetye for of mere good wyll I ensure thee he hathe done it Thoughe perhaps it maye more please some man to iudge with lesse loue that vaine glory was hereof the efficient cause to whome I saye that vayne in dede are all men and theyr thoughtes nether is there anye thinge as the Apostle saythe wherin we shoulde reioyce or whereof we shoulde boaste but onlye the crosse of Christe that is hys pacieÌ„t death giltlesse sufferaÌ„ce for vs wretches In respect wherof all other things are very vain And Gloria sayth Seneca vanuÌ„ volatile quiddâ est auraâ— mobilius That is glory is a vain and fletyng thing and more wauering then the winde Whiche vaine glorye in deede as he also noteth in an other Epistle couplinge it wyth ambition hathe doubtlesse caused diuers hyghe potentates to attempt manye dangerous yea and sometime most wicked enterpryces And is no doubte at this daye one vice cleauinge almoste in euery mannes bosome so large is follyes reigne But as
the Grekes name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 heateth either soÌ„what beyoÌ„d that secoÌ„d degre or within the third drieth either in the ende of the first degre or in the beginninge of the second And therfore being boiled in Oyle it deuideth asswageth paine causeth sleape digesteth raw humores Antimonium CAlled also Stibium and Stiâ—â—i is a veyne of earth fouÌ„d in siluer mines like in colour vnto leade but it differeth from leade whiche wil melt not be pouldered AntimoniuÌ„ wil be pouldered but rather wil it burn theÌ„ melt otherwise theÌ„ by a certein art then not easily as lead wil. It hath saith Galen with his desiccatiue facultye beinge vnwashed a mighty adstriction which by washing is made wel nere vtterly wythout biting it is necessarily vsed with medicines for the eies for his vertues therin obteined to he called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because it openeth the eyes Anthrax ALthough many haue ignoraÌ„tly deuided AnthraceÌ„ from Carbunculo as though they were sondry and seueral tumores it is moste euident that it is one thinge that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is the same in greke wherof Carbunculus is that name in Latyne â–ª and signifyeth a burnyng cole whyche thys tumore dothe verye muche resemble in the augmentation bothe in colour and nature hauing also in the declination a blacke crustons eschare made by aduâ—â—ion representinge a quenched cole whiche euidentlye sheweth howe excessyue heat ioyned for the moste part wyth venemous matter is cause of this tumore Yet is it notwythstandynge deuided into kyndes wherof the greatest and most dangerous sort appeareth commonlye in the time of Pestilente infection and consysteth as saythe Galen of melancholye aduste The other sort beinge not so fearfulle and comminge at other tymes is made of whotte boylinge or burned bloude â–ª whiche semeth to be made or turned into Melancholy or as he sayth in an other place of whotte bloude turned by adustion into the nature of Melancholye And surelye thus is Lanfrancus and other wryters of his time to be vnderstanded when they speake of Anthrax or Carbunculus for so shall they in the reste agree wyth Galen and other aunciente wryters Apium Palustre Risus Haemorrhoidum APium is of diuers kindes But where Apium is founde in Receptes or otherwyse wythoute anye other addition in the name it is onlye mente of Persly thoughe Smalache haue abusiuelye bene vsed for it And for the better vnderstaÌ„ding of Apium hys kindes take this note 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Apium Hortense Persley or gardin persley 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Apium Syluestre Wylde Persley 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Apium MoÌ„tanum uel Montapium Mountaine Perslye 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Apium Palustre Paludapium Siue Apium Rusticum Smalache Marche or Marshe Persley 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Apium AquaticuÌ„ Water Persley 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ApiuÌ„ Saxatile uel SaxeuÌ„ SaxapiuÌ„ aut Petrapium Stone Persley 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Apium equinum Equapium siue Olus atrum Alexanders or greate Persley 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Apium sepis uel Apium sepiculare Hedge Persley And whersoeuer thou fyndest anye kinde of Apium disagreinge whether in sense or InterpretatioÌ„ to this order holde it for false As for Apium Haemorrhoidum and Apium Risus It is but an abuse and confusion to recken them emonge the kindes of Apium amonge whome either in forme or faculties they can haue no place But are kyndes of Ranunculus called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in English Crowfote and Frogmarche wherof also ther are very manye kindes and all of whotte and blistering property wherof loke more in Flâ—nula Apium saythe Galen is so whotte Vt Vrinam menses câ—eat It breaketh wynde but that dothe the sede more then the herbe and is to the mouthe of the stomacke moste acceptable The seade of Oreoselinum and Hipposelinum are of lyke vertues but Oreoselinum is the stronger hitherto Galen Apium is whotte in the seconde degre and dry in the middes of the thirde Apostema AS 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hoc est Spatium siue interuallum whyche signifyeth distance or space is the same whyche the Latines caule Abscessum of Abscedo And Galen calleth it Particularum diductionem and are certayne dispositions wherin suche bodyes as before touched together are nowe distante and seuered one from an other Wherof saythe Galen there must nedes be made a void space contening some substance eyther flatuous or moyste or compound of bothe Whiche if it hange or tarye longe therin receiueth diuers alterations Wherof the greater is vsuallye called Apostema and the lesse Pustula So is for Exitura in LaÌ„franke and others of that age and also of a Auicenna to be vnderstaÌ„ded Tumor suppuratus that is a suppurate aposteme or riped tumore But of these I nede here make the lesse declaration for so muche as master Gale hathe so worthilye and moste exquisitly in his Institution of a Chirurgien opened these thinges at large Where thou maist bothe in thys many other maters be right sufficiently satisfied Aqua WAter is of temperament cold contrarye to fier and of all other thinges saithe Galen the moistest and that as it is vtterly without qualities as wythoute taste without sauor and moste cleare so is it moste pure And as it beÌ„deth from this so receiueth it qualities to heat or coole according to the thinges therwith mixed Aristolochia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is of .iii. kindes as Dioscorides saith obteineth that name of the precious helpe that women receiue therby in their hard labours of children which doctor Turner hathe therfore moste aptly called in English Birthworte The first is called Aristolochia rotunda The second Aristolochia longa The thirde Clematitis bisyde these Plinius addeth a fourthe kinde called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Apothecaries haue of longe time erred in sellinge Holoworte for Aristolochia rotunda but some of late haue in the selues reformed this euel doe sel the true thing But surely many women midwiues do erre muche more greuously in my iudgment who plaÌ„t in their gardens vse in womens laboures Bistorta in the stead of Aristolochia calling it Astrologia whyche is of a coolynge and verye astringente nature therfore causeth rather retention theÌ„ expulsion I aduertise all good women therfore that are willynge to helpe them selues and others to seke for the true thynge whiche they maye be sure to obteine by the aduise of some learned Phisicien or experte Chirurgien at the trusty Apothecaries hand It groweth plentiouslye in Italye and Aristolochia longa or at the leasre Clematitis groweth nowe in diuerse gardens in Englande as in London in a garden of master Holande late Chirurgien to the Quenes highnesse of whome I had rotes whiche growe nowe in my gardeÌ„ at Maidstone Of Aristolochia and
Tertiana continua caused of yelowe choler putrefied in the veines none otherwise then Quotidiana cōtinua commeth of putrefied phlegme and Quartana cōtinua of corrupted melancholy and differeth from Tertiani intermittente for that therin the cholericke humor is caried ouer all the body But in Ardente febre it is together with the bloud conteined in the vessels causyng muche payne burnyng Whervnto saith Galen if rigor at any tyme chaunce the Feuer is therby disolued Yet some neuerthelesse make a certain obscure differēs betwene Causon Tertianam continuam affirming the cause therof to be conteined nigher about the hart And hys accession to haue no rest or at the most very lytle in the morning as in Synocho and that rather of the colde tēperature of that tyme then of hys owne nature Casia CAsia Fistularis or Cassia Syringa is by the testimony of Auicen and Mesues meane betwene whotte and colde But inclining rather to heat and moisture in the first degre It is the frute of a tre brought forth in hard blacke coddes Whose inwarde pulpe is resolutiue and lenityue clenseth the bloud and purgeth gētly Choler Phlegme And thys out of the Arabians for amonge the old Greciās it is not found who yet haue their Cassiam fistularem whych is of some taken for oure Cinamome Cataplasma 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi figmētum Crassum Is that grosse kinde of Plaster forme that is made of sodden hearbes Oyles Meales poulders c. Cepa CAlled in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is of diuers kindes as this oure common Onion called Cepa Escalonia and wynter onion called Holekes in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id est Cepa fissilis Siues also are thought to be a kinde of Omons c. Onyons are of grosse substance whot and drye in the fourthe degre They doe maturate attract inflame beinge layde to they open the Hemorrhoides and sharpen the syghte made dulle by grosse humores Cera WEre wherof Galen prayseth that for the best whiche is called Tyrhenica or Pōtica is of it self amonges thinges concoctine but weake Yet hathe it a certayne whotte and digestiue power leanynge to the nature of Hony And beinge put wyth other medicynes bothe liquide and dry it is to them as a body or common receptory substance Cerussa IS of coolinge dryinge and astringente faculty called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is made of Leade by hanginge plates of the same ouer the bapor of vineger close couered It is vsed wyth profitte and good effect agaynst whot inflamed vlcers Cerussa burned til it become in colour lyke Sandaracha is therof called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is therby the more subtill but heateth not so 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 kepeth the coldnes of Cerussae but lacketh the subtiltye therof Chamaemelum CAmomille is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 There be sher of three kindes That is to saye 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est Chamaemelum Album 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hoc est Chamaemelum Luteum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chamaemelum Purpurcum The first hauing whyte floures The seconde yelow◠The thirde Purple They are whotte and dry in the firste degree consisting of tender partes and haue tenuatyng losing and digesting facultye Chelidonium CAlled in Englishe Salendine or Swallow Wurte in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hoc est Hirundinaria so called either because it bloweth aboute the returne of swallowes in the spring and wythereth agayne at their departure or else as Plinius wryteth because the Swallowes did fyrste fynde and vse the same to restore again their birdes to syghte beinge made blinde is of heatinge and scouringe propertyes His roote is geuen in Vino albo cum aniso to the Jaundies that come of the liuer obstructed and beinge chawed helpeth the tothake The iuyce of the herbe is vsed in the eye to sharpen the syght And thus muche of Chelidonium Maius For ther is also Chelidonium Minus which as it is sharper then the greater doth swiftly exulcerate And the iuyce therof purgeth the head by the nosethrilles It heateth and dryeth in the beginninge of the fourthe degree the greater onlye in the thirde Wherfore that the herbe called of the Latin wryters and apothecaries Ficaria Scrofularia minor in Englishe Pyle worte whose Picture is vsually put and that not of the worste Herbal wryters for this is not Chelidonium Minus it is euident Whose temperamentes thoughe the description of Chelidonium in Diosecoride will suffer it in forme to agree are one to an other cleane contraries Chirurgery 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is sayd of euery arte whose function consisteth in manualle action or handye operation But here is it to saye Curatio manualis that is manualle or handy curinge Cicatrizatiua med CIcatrix is the scarre or token where a wounde vlcer c. hathe bene Wherof commeth Cicatrizo id est ad Cicatricem perduco to heale or brynge to askarre And therof riseth Medicamina cicatrizatius Cicatrisinge consounding or skin bringing medicynes Cicer. IS a flatuous pulse of greate nurishment mouynge the wombe apte to ingender mylke and to prouoke vrine Menses Called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is after Dioscorides of .iii. kyndes namelye Satiuum wherof afore Aretinum whose decoction breaketh the stone in the reines which is also of .iii. sortes and Syluestre They are all whotte moderatlye drye and partners of bitternesse Wherby they purge the splene the liuer and the reines They mundifye scabbes and lepryes They also discusse the hardnesse of the stones and Apostemes vnder the eares and doe heale in composition maligne vlcers Thoughe Cicer agreste be so muche the whotter and the dryer then Domestico as it is then it sharper and bitterer Cichorium IT is playne by Dioscorides and others that thys Greke worde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a name common and indifferente bothe to Cichorium whyche is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and to Intubum wyth also al theyr kindes They are cold somwhat bitter and moderatly astringente and therfore moste comodious for the stomache and conueniente in chiefe for the heat of the liuer Beinge eaten wyth vineger they stay the belly Intubum domesticum is colder then Agreste whiche is cold and drye in the seconde degre and bitterer then the tame and is surelye the righte Cichorium and therefore not at eache poynte so commodious to the stomache They are in Cataplasmatibus good medicynes for the gowte of the feete and the inflaminations of the eyes Theyr iuyces cum Cerussa aceto are for all griefes profitable that nede coling And yet that dothe it so moderatly that euen to colde distemperatures it hurteth not Colla de corio LAnfranke meaneth heare by Colla de Corio that glewe that some saythe Dioscorides caule 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
dregges of bloud Whiche also is double wherof the one doth Hippocrates call blacke The other also is blacke but properly called blacke choler And in his fifth booke of symple medicines he affirmeth it to sprynge of colde and grosse humores as of melancholy or of grosse and viscous phlegme ouermuche dryed and impacte in the pores of the skynne or of bothe and chanceth often by ignorance throughe the vse of vehement byndyng and coolyng thynges to inflammations and Ignibus sacris If it come of phlegme it hathe some obscure sense is curable with mollificatiues though hardly but that whiche commeth of melancholyke iuyce is cancrous the partes affected vtterly without sense and vncurable and is by mollyficatiues exasperate And as the pure Scirrhus made of melancholy maye in mixtures receyue any of the other three humores so may it in name variably chāge and be called of phlegme 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id est Scirrhus oedematosus Of bloude 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hoc est inflamationis consors or of choler and is named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi ignitae rubedinis uel sacriignis particeps Scrophula Scrophula so called of Auicenna Guidone de Cauliaco Bruno Theodorico Lanfranco and others a Scropha a pregnante soowe because it or the lyke is a disease cōmon to hogs is a harde Scirrhous tumore in the glandules of the share or arme holes but chiefly in the necke and called in Latin Struma in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as the inflammatiō in them hath to name Phygethlon Looke more at Bubo and Glandulae Seges syluestris SEges signifieth moste commonly standyng Corne. And where Lanfranke hath Folia segetis syluestris I know not howe to vnderstand hym therin vnlesse he meane therby some kynde of the wylde cornes that vsually growe in Italy as Milium Milium Indicum which they call Sorgos Panicum Bromus c. Wherof the poore nedy wretches there make their breade especially of Sorgos But whiche of these if any he meaneth it is harde to gesse But Galen in gluing together woundes and healing vlcers which is Lanfranke his purpose prayseth Milium for the best Semperuiuum SEmperuiuum whiche we may moste aptly call Aygrene is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est semperuiuens because it lyueth styll and kepeth grene both wynter sommer neyther dieth it by any iniurious wether Truly a singuler miracle of nature that an herbe so colde and moyste growing on the house toppe a place moste drie and subiecte not only to the parchyng bemes of the Sunne in sommer but also to the moste colde frostes and vehemente stormes of wynter should yet lyue and be grene Wherof indede manye suche as are ready to conuerte those merueylous workes of God that their brutyshe eyes can not otherwise beholde into moste horrible supersticions haue conceiued a moste vayne opinion that lightninge coulde not hurte the house on whose toppe it grewe and haue therfore called it Barbam Iouis and is of three kyndes as Sedum maius wherof hitherto The second is Sedum minus called also in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for that it bloweth thryce in the yere and therof is there Mas foemina The male hauing a yelowe floure the floure of the female is pale or whyte and is called Vermicularis and Crassula minor There semeth also sayeth Dioscorides to be a thirde kynde called of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est portulacasyluestris of other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of the Romaines Illecebra of nature very hotte contrary to the reste Sedum sayeth Galen both Maius and minus dryeth lightly and byndeth moderatly yet cooleth it in the thyrde degree Wherin also a watery essence beareth the maisterie and therfore auayleth ad erysipelata Herpetes Phlegmonas commyng of a fluxion and is an excellent repercussiue Serapinum COruptly so called of Apothecaries but more trulys Sagapenum is the iuyce sayth Dioscorides of an herbe lyke to Ferulae growyng in Media wherof the beste is shyning through and of a bryght or shining yelow coloure without whyte within with an odore meane as it were betwene Laser and Galbanum sharpe in taste and will sayth Galen sone resolue in water It profiteth in the peynes of the breste and the sydes to olde coughes conuulsions and ruptures and expurgeth the grosse phlegme of the lunges Sagapenum sayeth Galen is whotte and of subtyll partes as are other liquores But obteyneth a certeine abstersion wherby it purgeth and extenuateth the scarres of the eye To the dulnesse also and the dimnes of the sight commyng of the grosnes of humores It is a good medicine But the plante lyke to Ferula wherof it commeth is weake and vnprofitable Serpigo I Cān not better expresse Lanfranke his minde of Serpigo ▪ then hym selfe hath done in the thirde treatice and first doctrine of his greater worke saiyng I saie therfore that Serpigo is an exasperation of the skynne whiche crepeth hither and thither called in Frenche Derbes in Lumbardy Dembeda or Volatica of others Ignis uolaticus and commeth of burned humores assaultyng the skynne with exasperatiō or roughnes ▪ wherby I iudge him and others without nūber to meane none other thynge then Galen doth by Herpete symplici But looke more at Herpes Howe be it of Thiria whiche he ioyneth as a partener with Serpigine and to come of the same causes Looke more at his place in the letter T. For in his workes I fynd therof no farther explication Howe be it Guido Rolandus and Rogerus with dyuers others liuing about that time make foure kyndes of leprosies a diuision in Galen and the auncientes not founde which may come of the foure humores burned as Alopecia whiche commeth of burned bloud though Rolandus saye of phlegme Leonina that springeth of burnte choler infecting the bloud Elephantia commyng of melancholie Rolande sayeth of bloud And Thiriasis caused of salt phlegme putrefied after Rolande of melancholie so called say they a Thiro that is of an adder or viper because it is scaly loseth the skynne as doth the adder Wherin there is putrefaction both of the skynne and fleshe and also pustules Which name if it may be of the Greke deriued I iudge to come 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hoc est a serpente uel fera aut noxa belua That is of a serpent or some cruell or hurtfull beaste Vt uipera uel lupus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 haue the old greciās generally taken pro bestiis uenenatis that is for venemous beastes such as leaue venim behind them with their stroke or bite wherof cōmeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id est tetra uel uenenata ulcera That is cruell or venemous vlcers And so of Theriacalia that is thynges or rather medicines that resiste venim But at Thiria you may reade somwhat more Sinapis SInapis is
uiuum uel ignis non exexpers is taken out of the veyne without any boylyng The other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est igne incoctum that is boiled sulfur The best Sulfur uiuum ought by Dioscorides to be fattye greene not stony but bright and shyninge lyke the glowe worme Euery Sulfur sayeth Galen hath drawyng power is whotte of temperament of nature discussiue also swiftly concoctiue and of so subtile essens that it layde to resisteth the peryls of many venemous woundes and is a medicine approued to heale scabbes leprosies scuruines itche Syncope 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id est animi deliquium uel praeseps uirium lapsus that is the defecte of the mynde or a sodeine slyding away of the strengthe of the body and commonly called swoundynge and is caused dyuersly Somtyme of euel sharpe iuyce or of raw humores about the mouth of the stomache of vnmesurable bledyng swetyng fluxe of the belly great peyne vehemēt mouing immoderate watche or emptines of teror also and feare and of suche lyke perturbations of the mynde and conuersation in stynkyng ayre Whose sygnes are rare and obscure pulse coldnes of the extreme partes sweat of the face the skynne of the same losynge his bewtie and almoste a resolution of the whole body which must be cured as variably as the causes efficient are dyuerse Howe be it the paroxisme presente is after the mynde of the learned led by reason and knowledge Thus to be succurred First throw into his face violently rose water with vineger or cold fountayne water wherby the astonied spirites maye be reuyued And that in Sommer a burnynge feuer or the cause whotte The extreame partes ought also in eruptions to be bounde And rubbe the legges if the eruption issue aboue the armes if beneathe But principally and with spede are the nosethrilles and the mouthe to be stopped and as some wyll also the eares That the ayer alreddy drawne in and passinge into the inwarde partes and by and by is ready to issue out So made whotte by often mouyng to fro may goe agayne vnto the harte that by heatyng the same the spirites may be quickned and reuiued And then forthwith is it expedient to reuocate the mynde with thynges odoriferous For nothyng by the testimony of Hypocrates lib. de alimento doth sooner call againe the spirites c. By the whiche and by bowyng moderatly the body I haue often brought again euen such as all men presente haue thought dead And thus much because Lanfranke appointeth thē to be reuiued by the noyses of Trūpettes tympanies Which if they were necessary yet are they instrumētes at so sodeine exigentes to vnredy to call the person loude by his owne name Whiche truly I iudge as vayne and rydiculous or worse as the strokes and buffettes that the rude multitude vse For if it be as by the authoritie of Galen aboue and as we see it is the defecte of the mynde a losse of strengthe and a generall depriuation of sense what can the eares doe more by hearyng then the eyes by seyng Or rather howe can the eares heare more then the eyes see or the handes and other partes of the boby feele But this notwithstanding I denie it not but that the sodeyne noyse of trumpettes or drummes may in the tymes of great incisions and suche like daungerous enterpryses both reteyne and quicken so the spirites not yet loste that swoundyng may therby be euited wherof also I haue had the experience Synochus THose feuers sayeth Galen that haue one only accession or fitte continuyng from the beginnynge to the ende and that many daies are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est continentes seu continuae whose cause efficient is yelowe choler and is of nature double The one hauyng a manifest putrefaction and is therfore called Synochus putrida and the other vtterly without the same called Synochus non putrida whych is a kynde of diarie feuer and are of Lanfranke and dyuers other for distinction sake called Synochae And because the remission of the fitte is wonte to chance by the transpiration or breathyng out of feruent humores for they neuer breathe out at all in vehement stipations A fytte of many dayes must nedes be made When in suche feuers there is no occasion that may rayse the begynnynge of an other accession It persisteth a feuer both of many daies and of one accession without the inuasion of an other neyther referryng quotidian tertian nor quartan For as much therfor as of these twoo a feuer may be maynteyned both that all the vapor may not passe out and that the same may heate whatsoeuer it toucheth There must nedes be three differences of Synochus For some continue from the begynnyng to the ende of one greatnes and are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hoc est eodem uigore permanentes Others doe augmente and still adde to somwhat called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi incrementum suscipientes And some deminishe by litle and litle whiche they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id est decrescentes Tamar indus ΟΞυφονὶξ is called in Latin Syluestris palma that is the wylde or sower Date tree whose fruite is called of the Arabians Tamar indus and maye bee called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi fructus uel dactilus palmae acetosae uel syluestris Whiche last hath not withstanding some learned aduersaries But their opinion semeth moste false that thynke Tamar indum and Myrobalanon to be all one for Tamar Indus hath a curnell or stone whiche Myrabolani haue not They are sayth Mesues sharpe or sower dates like saith Syluius vnto the sede of Cassia and the fruytes of the wild Indian date tree A medicine excellent and hurtlesse Of the olde aunciēt writers eyther vnknowne or vnder these names vnmensioned colde and drie in the seconde degree After Auerois in the thirde By the whiche reason it represseth the sharpnes of humores purgeth choler and mitigateth the feruoure therof and also of the bloude healeth the iaundies and sharpe continuall feuers It stayeth vomiting quencheth thyrste and euery burnyng of the lyuer and stomache But to colde stomaches it must not be geuē alone The beste Tamar Indi should be freshe fatty syncere and tender in taste sharpe swete of colour blackyshe and shynynge myxed with heares as it weare with certeyne rootes Terebinthina 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Resma terebinthina is the liquide gūme of the tree Terebinthus among the Greekes called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and sometyme 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The leaues and flowres wherof are drye and bynde and heate in the secōde degree Terebinthin sayth Galen is preferred amōg other gummes hauyng a certeyne adstriction but not so manifest as hath Mastiche But it hath a certein bytternes wherby it digesteth and scoureth