inflamation it must be liquified with Oile of Roses and if there be none it may be liquified with olde Oil Recinum chamamelium and others which are for soft and tender bodyes and for the strong and boisterous you shall vse strong Oile as Oleum radicis â—icus Aggrestis Brioniae Asari Dracunculi Aristolochiae and Panacis but the Aristolochia and Panacis ar more strong then the others Another composed by Claudius Philoxenus Chirurgion for the foresaid greefs Rec. Argenti spumae Cerae ana drach 160. Ammoniaci drach 80. Propoleos drach 40. Alius 18. Terebenthine Resine Siccae Thuris Squame aeris ana drach 16. Lanae succide â–ª coÌ„bustae Squamae Stomomatis ana drach 8. Oppoponacis dra 4. Olei ricini hemi 3. A reddish medicine of Halieus Rec. Argenti spumae Cerae ana drach 100 Alius 100 Terebenthinae Mannae Thuris Galbani Minii Cinoptici ana drach 8 Olei sexta 1. This implaister The vtillitie of this Emplaister is good in gréene wounds and for wounds of the Nerues and for Vlcers of the eyes whiche bee hard to cicatrice And to resolue all hardnes and principally of the Dugs It is likewise good for biting of mad Dogs and for the stinging of Dragons and the venimouse fish called in Greek Trigon Thalassia and in Latin Pastinaca Marina Asclepiades dooth write that it is onely for wounds maketh no mention for punctures of Nerues although it wil serue in bothe Another catagmatique medicin composed by Moschion Rec. Argenti spumae minam 1. which is 160. drach Picis aride drach 160 Seue vitulinae dra 160. Resine Terebenthine drach 80. Manne thuris drach 80. Cerae drach 40. Eruginis oppoponacis Galbani ana drach 8. Olei ricini hemi 1. Aceti hemi 1. Licorice cicamini hemi 1. Picis liquid ciath 3. The manner to boil this Vnguent is thus First you shall boile the Litarge and the Oile togither then ad to the Calues greace and after that the Manna and the Thuris let them be stirred continually til they be incorporated theÌ„ you shall put to it the Pich the wax and the Turpentine and consequently the others which must be boyled in fourme of an Emplaister after that you shall ad to the Galbanum Eruge and Oppoponax dissolued in Vinagre then ye shall take the licour of Cicamini and the liquid Pich and boil them in another vessel and when they bee melted togither and somwhat thick you shall mingle them with the others and set them on the fire again til they come to a perfit consistance Then you shall let it stepe in white Wine the space of iij. dayes after you may strike it vpon a linnen cloth to vse as an Emplaister This Emplaister The vertues of this Emplaister is very good in gréen wounds and for cutting and contusion of Nerues for a Fracture with a wound and with coÌ„uenient ligature dooth cause calles to ingender in bones it is likewise good in the beginning of an Hidropsye for contufion of the Testicles for Rhagadies for Tumours of the Throte called of the greeks Bronchocilas to be bréef this is a right excellent medicine FINIS ¶ The curation of wounds of Nerues Tendons ioints THe cause of solution of continuitie the whole and sound partes in Nerueus places may chaunce diuers waies that is to say by contusions as blowes with Stones Staues Hammers Clubs Hargubush Crossebowes bitings and such other like Likewise it may come by sharp and pricking Instruments As a Bodkin Speare Dart Thorne or venimouse Beast or such like Also by cutting with a swoord or Knife Of the which wounds some be made acording to the length of the Tendone Nerue or Sinew Membrane or Caule and others according to the bredth with great incision and some meane or lesser of the which hurts these accidentê may folow As pain vehement fluxion inflamation Feuer losse of reason Sinope Apostume Gangrena and mortification of the whole parte and ofteÌ„ times death by reason of the communication and consent that they haue with the Brain and other noble partes Moreouer it is to bee vnderstanded that when the Nerues or Tendones bee but half or little cut the wound is more daungerous then if they were cut quite a sunder That which couereth the Scul And so is it with the Periosten pericranium and membranes or because that the portion or parte that is cut doth drawe him self to his beginning which causeth conuultions and Cramps but when they be wholly cut there foloweth no accidents Insomuch that they haue no contrarietie when they retire the which is manifestly seen in the woundê of the head for where the Pericranium is but half cut the accidents are more vehement then when it is wholly cut as we may dayly sée by example when we make incision to apply the Traepan And amongst all the hurtes of the Nerues the prickings bringeth moste pernicious and terrible accidents by reson that the orifice is so small that the humour cannot issue out but remaineth within and there gathereth a sharpnes whiche drincketh into the Nerues and Tendons and dooth cause them to swel and by the swelling they are shortned wherof commeth suche pain that it causeth most painful cramps and such other like accidents as before hath béen said The cure of punctures of the Nerues FOr the curation there are two things to be considered that is to say to appease the pain and to defend the parte afflicted from fluxions and Apostumation for the accomplishing of the whiche you shall applye vpon the wound at the beginning a dessiccatiue medicine of a thin and suttle substance to the end it may penetrate more easy the botom of the prick and consume the moisture therin which other wise wold cause an egre sharpnesse as afore said which sharpnes would bring great pain and accidents Wherfore you shall apply Oil of Turpentine with a little Aquauitae wel rectified or Euphorbium and Sulpher poudred and incorporated togither and applyed very warme or els Oile of Vitroel and Aqua vite and round about the place this Cataplasma folowing Rec. Farine hord orrob ana vnces 2. Sirup acetosi vnces 3. Flor. Camomil two handfuls Lixiuii qui sufficien fiat Cataplasma If by this order the paine dooth not ceasse and that there be any contraction of Nerue you shall apply speedily hot seething Oil with lint beeing dipt in it as well at the botome as the edges of the wound which must be doon two or thrée times at one dressing for by this kinde of Cauterization you shall ceasse the pain by reason of the burning of the Oile the Nerues or Tendons dooth loose their sensible feeling Of the wounds of the ioints THe wounds of the ioynts are for the moste parte mortall by reason of their deneruations or Tendones and membranes with the which is mingled Nerues for the which cause they haue greater feeling for the Nerues beeing mingled with them causeth more pain which pain bringeth this
Presipitatum mingled togither this doon you shall take away the corruption of the bone And then after that you may safely vse your vnctions made with Axungia Gummes Mineralls Oiles and Mercury also if you ad thereto of fine Treacle or Mithridatum it wil be the better You shall anoint the shoulders the muscles of the back the Loines the Hips the Thighs the knées and all the outward members as Legges and Armes But you must take very good héede that you touch not the head the region of the hart the Stomack nor the ridge of the Back Also yee must haue a good respect to ceasse your anointing in suche order that you bring not to muche accidents to the mouth wherby the Pacient might vtterly lose the vse bothe of his tung and teeth Because that so many ignorant Chirurgians haue taken vpon them this cure without either discretion in applying the vnction or ordering of the patient I haue thought good to write ij or thrée woords touching the ordering of the Pacient When the body is prepared of his humors with apt and méet medicines aswel Sirups Decoctions purgings and opening of the Vain according to the disposition of the body the patient shal be placed in a place naturally hot or els otherwise made warme whiche must be frée from all colde hauing the doores windowes and other open places closely stopt for the colde aire is very hurtful bothe for the Sinewy parts and also for the woorking of medicines for it wil deminish hinder the actions therof And in this case ther are many which commit great errors which are worthy of reprehencion for aswel in the winter as in the Summer they anoint the Patients in great and large Chambers where very much ayre entreth Wherfore at the beginning of this cure if the place be not very close warme you shall make a Pauilion with Couerings and suche other like round about a fire by the which meanes you shall keep the colde ayre from the Patient But if it be possible it is better to haue a little chamber close and warme and also continually a pan with Coles in the midst of it If it bee so that the Patients be so weke that they cannot abide the heat of the fire or would be loth to be séen naked as women or maids you shall anoint them lying in their beds First the patient shall put out one Arme and then the other and so the rest of the partes shal be anointed one after an other And you shall vse the Patients from time to time according to the dissease The third error is concerning wounds pearcing into the Brest IT fortuneth often times that the wounds pearce the holownes of the brest so that great quantitie of blood dooth fall down into the bottome of the same and there dooth stay vpon the Diaphragma Diaphragma 〈◊〉 two muscles which go 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the â—â—â—st seperateth the hart froÌ„ the Liuer also the heuinesse of the said blood oppresseth the Diaphragma and putrifieth and ingendreth an euill qualtitie The which putrifaction sending vapours to the hart causeth a continuall feuer and commonly death within â— dayes Of the which the common Chirurgians haue no consideratioÌ„ or els by their ignoraunce they knowe not the cause and so the Patient is destitute of all help Wherfore when you sée that the wound perceth into the Thorax or brest you shal take good aduisemeÌ„t in searchiÌ„g out diligently whether the blood be descended into the lower parte of the Diaphragma the whiche may bee knowen by the stinking of the breath and by the relation of the Patient which dooth féele the blood quiuering or shaking inwardly And also commonly his face wil be of a reddish or hie coulour by reason of the vapours which assend vp And note that at the which side the blood dooth moste remaine in lying vpon the same side the patient shall feel lesse pain then vpon the other because that the said blood oppresseth the Lungs and the Diaphragma the Chirurgian ought to haue a good respect to the signes aboue written and whilst that the strength of the patient is yet remaining it shall bee needful to make way for the said blood to be Euacuated betwéen the fourth v. rib a hand breadth or a little more from the Ridge of the back and your incision knife shall be very sharp also you shall doo it by little and little very gentlely in cutting Mesopleuria or the muscles betwéen the ribs it ought to be doon towarde the lower part of the said muscles for the vain whiche nourisheth them and the ligaments which giueth them their mouing and féeling are placed more abooue then belowe After that the incision is made you shall let out the corrupted blood by little and little according to your discretion and it shall suffise to euacuate euery dressing v. or vi vnces this doon it shal be very profitabe to vse the wunted potions which you shall finde in the writings of learned practitioners which haue largely written of the said potions and by this meanes abooue written I healed foure in one yéer The whiche Cures without the aforesaid remedyes could neuer haue béen holpen for the whiche I giue vnto God moste harty thanks ¶ The fourth error touching the applications of the Traepans Terebelles for fractures of the hed IN the fractures of the Skul there are committed great errors touching the applycation of the Traepan principally when the bone is broken in many partes for they haue no consideration of the shiuering of the skul but apply the Trapan by the which meanes they presse down the shiuers of the bone vpon the Dura mater rent or tere it in such order that it bringeth great gréeuous accidents wherby commonly deth ensueth Wherfore in this case you shal haue a good consideration before that you apply the Traepan for it is better if it be possible in this case to vse other instrumeÌ„tê as Eleuiatories Cisers Lenticulj or such other like to make way for the brused matter which depresseth the Duramater it shal be the better lesse danger for the Patient By this meanes I I haue many times forborne the applying of the Traepan to the profit of my Patients and my good name and estimation Moreouer there bee many Ignorant Chirurgians which without consideration apply the Traepan vpon all partes of the hed aswel vpon the comistures or seames as other places whiche is the cause of the death of many Patients Wherfore they ought to haue a great consideration and to be very diligent in this respect and for to vse their art according to the true method The fift error touching the punctures of Nerues WHen it chaunceth that any is hurt by the punctures of Nerues if hee be not spéedily holpen by some cunning and expert Chirurgian hee is in great danger to fall into conuolsions which is the occasion of many a mans death whiche commonly chaunceth to them that be drest by the Ignorant and
Art and open some good rule to the releef of my countreymen I haue aduentured to interpret one small work of the fatherly both Phisition and Chirurgion Galen which I iudged moste necessary for our time hauing ioyned the same with other treatises no lesse fruteful then profitable Which woork although it agreeth nether with the dignity of your noble name nor paraduenture is answerable to your honours oppinion and expectaon of me and whiche I must needs confesse is superfluous to your honour who can bothe read and vnderstand the same in the first tungs wherein the Authors haue written yet be cause other may be releued therby I thought I might bothe easely obtain pardon and also be bolde to vse your honours patronage in this behalf seeing the same your honours curtesye and clemencye is vsually extended to all men which doth not vse to esteem such gifts as this according to the value but accepting willingly the good meaning of the person Thus beseeching your honour to take in good parte this testimony of my thankfull hart suche as it is I beseech also the Immortall God to vpholde the renown of your Honours name in the noble linage of your noble Progenitors Your Honours humble and obedient Seruant George Baker To the Reader THere are two instruments aswel in Surgery as in all other Arts whereby a man is directed to the scope or purpose which he intendeth namely reason and experience Reason is occupyed about method and method as Galen in the first book De methode medendi teacheth is a contrary thing to experience rashely made and at aduenture and procéedeth a sure way taking iudications of the complexion of the body of the nature of the deseased parte of the causes and differences of the diseases and so orderly passeth frō iudication to iudication applying apt remedyes such as certain experience hath taught to haue vertue correspondent to such purpose as learned method prescribeth til at lēgth helth which is the scope and end of the art be obtained By this discription of method ye may sée plainly and distinctly the vse and necessitie bothe of reason and experience but héer must you vnderstand by reason such learned iudgement as procedeth by discretion and certain knowledge of the iudications abooue mentioned and afterwards maketh apt choise of experiments Experience also wherof Galen speaketh is a thing of more perfection then the rude obseruations of vndiscrete pratisers of our time but if they would read Galen his second book De simplicium medicamentorium facultatibus cap. x. they should learn better what appertained to experience how they try and examin their medicins and to iudge truely of their vertues And reason applyed to true method is the cause of certaintie in Phisick or Chirurgiry so on the other parte when it is vsed at randon without discretion and not deriued from true iudication but as fantasies doo féed the idle brain it is a thing as Galen witnesseth ful of great daunger And therfore he wished the vnlearned practisers of his time rather to vse the experience which they knew warely then to busy them selues with deuising euery man a method after his owne way which thīg passed their capacitie Such was the method of Thessalus before Galens time and such is the method of Paracelsus in our time but what peril did insue of the rash method of Thessalus is by Galen in sundry places declared and how great harme hath béene doon and dayly is committed by the Paracellistes both learned Erastus and Desenius with others doo witnesse by their writings and dayly experience it self teacheth And although the common practizers doo by their experience he le many diseases yet as Galen saith in the same first Book of his method they thē selues must néeds confesse that the ende of their labour dependeth vpon the pleasure of fortune For sithens experiēce is but the obseruation or remembrance of the successe had in particuler things as Galen him self defineth it and that neither art nor science consisteth in particularities it must néeds folow the naked experience maketh no art And then for asmuch as those which be healed are healed either by art or by chaunce then it must néeds folowe that those which cure by experience without method doo heal by chaūce and not by art and therfore are they wel termed of Galen to await the pleasure of Fortune Thus maist thou loouing Reader perceiue what great difference there is betwixt him that cureth artificially obseruing the learned method and order and the vnskilful practizer which after some fantastical deuise bred in the braine of the vnlearned or by vndiscrete experyence procedeth to the same So far dooth the one of these differ frō the other as light from darknes knowledge from ignoraunce order from confusion and to conclude certaintie from vncertaintie or blinde chaunce Now let the sick man be iudge whether is for him the more safetie tobe heled orderly artificially and surely or to depēd vpon the hasard of blinde Fortune happy or not happy at aduenture whether yea or nay But if ye beleeue Hipocrates Age re foeliciter est agere prudenter et agere infoeliciter est agere imprudenter to be happy is to be skilful and to deale vnluckely is to deale vnskilfully Therfore haue many obseruations of the dayly practises of many men perceiuing yea almoste dayly great errours committed in many things concerning mine art of Chirurgery for lack of true method and that moste of all in the wounds of ioints and Sinewes or Sinewy or musculous places whiche require peculter distinct method order of cure from the cōmon wounds of other fleshly places and the same béeing more painful and for the greatnes of the accidents which folowe them béeing of far more daunger doo require therefore the greater care more artificiall handling then any other I haue therfore for looue I bere to my facultie which I wish void of infamy and for the harty desire I bere to the profit of such as be hurt and diseased indeuoured to set foorth some thing in our english tung as those which are willing to learn might therby be instructed and directed to the true method and trade of curing the said wounds of Sinowes c. And as Aristotle requireth in Philosophy the same I think also in Chirurgery moste necessary Vt exempla sunt non chaerilia sed homerica that is not to folowe the practise of bunglers or the vnskilful sort but to learne at the best learned Then for asmuch as Galen by the Iudgement of the learned of all nations hath excelled all other that haue writen in Phisick but cheefely in his method I thought good to translate into our natiue tung his third Booke of the composition of medicines accordīg to places wherin bothe learned abundantly he teacheth the curing of these wounds whiche my labour taking for the furtherance of such as be willing to learne to doo wel if it be on thy parte moste loouing Reader
aforesaid accidents and especially if they be in the interior partes as vnder the arme holes the bought of the arme in the wrists or in the hammes or groynes By reason of the great Vaines Arteryes and Nerues whiche are in those partes and by the meanes of solution of continuitie that are in those partes causeth great pain flux of blood and other like accidents For the ordering of the whiche you must perseuer according to the nature of the said accidents in staying the flux of blood and appeasing the pain asmuch as you can possible and if the wound be great you shall stitch it leauing an Orifice in the lower parte therof for to giue issue to the matter this beeing doon you shall apply this poulder folowing the space of ij or three dayes to preserue the stitches Rec. Thuris sanguinis draco Boli armenici terrae sigil ana drach 2. Aloes mast ana drach 1. fiat puluis subtilis The whiche poulder you shall apply vpon the seme and round about the ioint a defensiue made of the whites of Egges Oil of Roses Bol Mastick and Barly meale And if you apply any tent he must be short and not to big lest hee should cause pain which tent shal be applyed with a disgestiue made with the yolk of an Egge Oil of Roses and a little saffron Also if the said wound be little and straight rather then to fal into these aforsaid accidents you shall inlarge it to the end that the humours which be come to the part by reason of the pain may haue a large issue Moreouer the afflicted part must haue rest and be kept froÌ„ colde and also from medicines which dooth relax soften or moist but contrary wise they must be astringant and dry as this Cataplasma folowing Rec. Furfuris maciris farinae hordei et fabar ana vnces 4. Flor. Camomille Melliloti ana half an handful Terebent vnces 3 Mellis communis vnces 2. Olei mirh vnces 1. Oximel sump vel Oxicrat vel Lixiuij qui suff fiat Cataplasme ad formam pultis Or els this Rec. the lyes of wine wheat Bran Cipres Nuts Galles and Terebenthine with this make a Cataplasma many suche other like may bee made but this shall suffise For those that be applyed on these parts must restrain dry and corroborate or strengthen the ioints this dooing you shall ceasse the pain and keep the humor from the afflicted parte Moreouer this is to be noted that neither within the wound nor without you shall applye any Oilly or greasy medicine for asmuch as it relaxeth the substance of the muscles membranes and Nerues by the which meanes it dooth make the place more apt to receiue defluxions And also it dooth so relax and moisten the wouÌ„d that it is a great hindrance to the consolidation Therfore the medicines which ought to be vsed in this cause must be desiccatiue and astringant as this that foloweth which is bothe astringant desiccatiue and glutinatiue Rec. Terebint venic vnces 2. Aqua vitae parum Pul. aloes Mast mirh Bol armene ana 2. scrupples And so applyed as need shall require or some other good Balme beeing applied with desiccatiue poulder so that the poulder be without any sharpnes and if there come any accidents it shal be remedied by medicins contrary to the same according as néede shall require And this is a principall thing to bee looked vnto that you keep the wound from colde the which is all togither contrary bothe to wounds and vlcers by the which menes a great number haue perished as Hippocrates Hippo. 5. Aphoris 20 testifieth saying that to all vlcers the colde is biting it hardeneth the skin it causeth pain and keepeth wounds from suppuration for asmuch as it dooth choke the naturall heat which should bring suppuration and causeth the place to be euil colored with shakings feuers conuolsions and extentions So that the excrements whiche doo auoid is a glittiÌ„g Musceledge thin or watrish humor which dooth commonly folow in these kindes of wounds for because it is a proper humor that floweth out of these wouÌ„ds for euery place dooth giue his proper humor as for example the bone beeing broken the nourishment of them engendreth a Calus Now this humor whiche commoÌ„ly issueth out of the neruous places is mixed with colde whiche causeth extreme pain and resisteth the medicins although they be potentiall hot To appease the foresaid pain and to correct the intemperature of the colde humor you shall apply warme thinges not onely potentially but also actually as a Bullocks bladder béeing half filled with some resolutiue medicin and warmed or of Bricks beeing made very hot and then quenched in Wine and so applyed about the ioint and to heat them as often as need shall require By this actuall heat nature is holpen to disgest and resolue the humor contained in the place and dooth strengthen it for because that the ioynts haue but little heat in them for the whiche cause there be few medicins that wil profit except they be actually hot Wherfore I wil conclude that the offeÌ„ce of the iointê is increased rather of colde then of heat For the which cause the Methodicall Chirurgian must haue a great respect to these wounds in taking his Iudication of things naturall not naturall and against nature And moreouer he must haue the knowledge how to place the wounded ioints which shal be shewed héer folowing The situation of the wounded Ioint IF the wound be in the fore parte of the shoulder This is ment by great wouÌ„des in the ioints you shall lay vnder the arme hole a Boulster and cary your arme in a Towel bearing vp the elbow to the end that you may raise and holde vp the bone and so to kéep him in his right place for by this meanes the glutination and consolidation shall the better and sooner be doon And if the wound be in the lower parte then when you see that nature beginneth to ingender flesh and that the lips of the wound beginneth to close you shall haue good respect to cause the Patient often to lift vp and down his arme for if you doo forslewe this and that the Cicatrice be once made the patient shal neuer lift his arme hye but with great pain The situation of the Elbow IF the wound be in the Ioint of the Elbow you shall situate the arme in a meane forme that is to say neither to straight nor to muche bowing in for if the arme be healed in a meane forme the diseased partie shall haue the vse of it a great deale the better then otherwise he should haue had if it had béen to straight or to much bowing in The situation of the VVrists WHen the wound is in the outward or inward parte of the wrists or in the ioints of the fingers The hand and the fingers must be situated half bowing and you shall put within the hand some round Ball or compressor for because that if he keep his hands
their proper names and the others by similitude the proper Hernies doo moste commonly come by the relaxasioÌ„ or Rupture of the PretoneuÌ„ insomuch that the Intestines and EpiplocoÌ„ or zirbus dooth loose their naturall place and of these are vij kindê that is Enterocele otherwise called Hernie Intestinale Epiplocele or Hernie Zirbale Bubonocele or Hernie Inguinale the hernies by similitude are wheÌ„ there is some tumor against nature in the Cods or in some parte of the Groin without the comming foorth of the Intestines or Zirbus and of these there are v. kindes the first is called Hernie Aqueuse and of the Gréeks Hidrocele the second hernie Charneuse or Sarcocele the third Variquese the fourth Venteuse which is called of the Gréeks Pneumatocele the fifth Humorale whiche shal be spoken of pertitulerly in order and first we wil begin with the proper kindes Of the hernie Intestinale FOr because that the hernie Intestinale is the moste conuenientest I wil speake first of it This kinde is no other then a certain descending down of the Intestines in Scrotum the cause of the whiche is when the Peretoneum is broken or relaxed in the place wher the Spermatike vessels doo passe which coÌ„s commonly by some vehement strain as by vehement running leaping lifting or vehement crying and such other like the signes to knowe when the Intestines is descended into Scrotum is when he lyes they wil easely be put vp again without any maner trouble or may bee reduced the patient standing with ones hands and in the redusing you shall hear a gurguling or noise by this you may knowe it from Zirbus because that wheÌ„ the zirbus is put vp it makes no noise and also it is not so painfull the other signes shal be declared when we come to speak of the hernie Zirbale When this kinde is not very farre gone and that it be not complet the best way is to cure it by medicines aswel to be taken inwards as to be applyed with out that is to say with emplaisters and so by conuenient trussing and boulstering stipt in the Iuce of herbes conuenient for Ruptures which are of astringaÌ„t and glutinatiue facultie I haue seen many by these afore said medicines haue béen perfectly cured yet neuerthelesse if for the oldenes of it that it be not tobe cured by these menes then you must come to the last remedy which is by cutting for the executing of the whiche I wish all men to chuse an expert woorkman and not to trust to much to these runners about and as for this kinde it may be cut without taking away of the Testicle Of hernie Zirbale HErnie Zirbale whiche the Gréeks doo call Epiplocele is a nother thing then the falling of zirbus whiche is a grece that couereth the Guts into Scrotum the which moste commonly falles within Didimes but yet soÌ„times by the breaking of the Didimes it falls out the causes aswel inwarde as outwarde are the same which cause hernie Intestinale for look how the Peretoneum is broken or relaxed in the other euen so dooth it in this the signes are much like also sauing that it is much more softer for in the touching it handleth like wul and is also lesse painful and it is more difficult to put vp theÌ„ the hernie Intestinale and in the redusing makes no noise this kinde is lesse dangerous then the others by reason that the pain is lesse and also for because that the excrement is not in it as it is in the hernie Intestinale Now héer is a speciall thing tobe noted in this kinde which the common cutters doo vse that is they doo vse to cut away the zirbus whiche is descended within Didime without either tying or cautrising and so there foloweth a flux of blood which hauing no issue but is retained in the belly there dooth corrupt whiche causeth most perilous accidents and moste commonly the death Of the relaxacion of the Peretonium called hernie Inguinale HErnie Inguinale is a descending of the Intestines or zirbus into the Groynes which the Latins cal Inguina the which sort dooth neuer go further then the Groin for when the Intestines or zirbus dooth passe thorow the Peretoneum then is it either Intestinale or zirbale for this kinde is nothing but a relaxacion of the Peretoneum The causes are as of the others aforesaid and it is easely to be knowen by the roundnes and it will be more easely reduced then any of the others you may knowe when the Intestins is descended by noise that it wil make though not commonly yet moste oftennest as hath béen said of Enterocele but if it be the zirbus it makes no noise and is much more softer and not so great pain Of the kindes of Hernies which be by similitudes or improperly called HEertofore we haue spoken of those thrée kindes of hernie whiche are properly called now it remains to speak of the fiue kindes whiche are by similitudes first we wil begin with the Aquose whiche is no other thing then a certain watrish tumor of Croton increaced by little and little for the most part lies betwéen heritroides and the Spermatike vessels how beit some times it may be contained betwéen Dartos and heritroides and betwéen Dartos the Scrotum as many learned men haue written the signes are that the ScrotuÌ„ doth wax big by little and little and for the moste parte without pain and the tumore is heauy and glistering and hard principally when the Scrotum is filled it waxes in length and dooth not return as doth the Intestinale and zirbale but remaines at one stay This kinde if that the water haue long line there and so corrupted the Testicle it must be taken away Of hernie Charneuse HErnie Charneuse which the Gréekê doo cal Sarcocele is a tumor against nature in the Scrotum which there dooth grow to a certain scireuse flesh and dooth much resemble the Verequeses or swelled Vaines the causes of the which are by the gathering togithers of abuÌ„dance of grose humors whiche nature cannot rule because of the weaknes the signes are an vnequable hardenes and inflation which dooth alwaies remain in the parte that is to say the Dideme and doth alwaies increace with pain béeing vnequall and not euen wherefore Guido saith that this kinde and Vanqueuse ar very dangerous Hernie Verequese HErnie Verequese is an appéeraÌ„ce of Vaines not accustomed about the Testicles and other partes contayned with in ScrotuÌ„ The causes ar grose humors gathered togithers as melancolike blood and such like whiche nature cannot disparce because of wekenesse The signes are replecion of the vaines about like to the Twigs of Vines with softnes of the Testicle or Dideme This kinde if it be not very great and far gone it may be healed by solutiue medicines The hernie Ventose HErnie Ventose is a tumor of the cods increaced of a windines the cause is of the imbesility or weaknes of the parte and is knowen by the