in great disorder For Antigonus had placed the GAVLES in the rereward of his army to close it in which were a conuenient number and did valliantly defend the first charge and the skirmishe was so hotte that the most of them were slaine After them the leaders of the elephantes perceiuing they were enuironned on euery side yelded them selues and their beastes Pyrrus seeing his power to be now increased with such a supply trusting more to his good fortune then any good reason might moue him thrust further into the battel of the MACEDONIANS who were all afrayed and troubled for the ouerthrowe of their rereward so as they would not once base their pykes not fight against him He for his parte holdinge vp his hande and callinge the Captaines of the bandes by their names straight wayes made all the footemen of Antigonus turne wholly to his side who flying saued him selfe with a few horsemen and kept certaine of the cities in his realme apon the sea coast But Pyrrus in all his prosperity iudging nothing more toâ—edownde to his honor and glory then the ouerthrow of the GAVLES layed aside their goodliest and richest spoyles and offred vp the same in the temple of Minerua Itonida with this inscription VVhen Pyrrus had subdude the puisant Gaules in fields He caused of their spoyles to make these targets armes and shields The vvhich he hanged vp intemple all on high Before Minerua goddesse here in signe of victory VVhen he had ouercome the vvhole and hugie hoast The vvhich Antigonus did bring into his contries coast Ne maruell should it seeme though victory he vvonne Since valliantnes bringes victory and euermore hath done And valliantnes alvvayes hath constantly kept place From age to age and time to time in AEacus his race Immediatly after this battell all the cities of the realme of MACEDON yelded vnto him but when he had the citie of AEGES in his power he vsed the inhabitantes thereof very hardly specially bicause he left a great garrison of the GAVLES there which he had in pay This nation is extreame couetous as then they shewed them selues for they spared not to breake vp the tombes wherein the kinges of MACEDON lay buried there tooke away all the gold and siluer they could finde and afterwards with great insolency cast out their bones into the open winde Pyrrus was tolde of it but he lightly passed it ouer and made no reckening of it either bicause he deferred it till an other time by reason of the warres he had then in hande or else for that he durst not meddle with punishing of these barbarous people at that time But whatsoeuer the matter was the MACEDONIANS were very angry with Pyrrus blamed him greatly for it Furthermore hauing not yet made all thinges sure in MACEDON nor being fully possest of the same new toyes and hope came into his head and mocking Antigonus sayd he was a mad man to goe apparrelled in purple like a king when a poore cloke might become him like a priuate man Now Cleonymus king of SPARTA being come to procure him to bring his army into the contry of LACEDAEMON Pyrrus was very willing to it This Cleonymus was of the blood royall of SPARTA but bicause he was a cruell man and would do all thinges by authority they loued him not at SPARTA nor trusted him at all and therefore did they put him out made Areus king a very quiet man. And this was the oldest quarrell Cleonymus had against the coÌ„mon wealth of SPARTA but besides that he had an other priuate quarrel which grewe vppon this cause In his olde yeares Cleonymus had maried a fayer younge Lady called Chelidonide which was also of the blood royall and the daughter of Leotychides This Lady being fallen extreamely in loue with Acrotatus king Areus sonne a goodly young gentleman and in his lusty youth she greatly vexed and dishonored her husbande Cleonymus who was ouer heade and eares in loue and iealousie with her for there was not one in all SPARTA but plainely knewe that his wife made none accompt of him And thus his home sorowes being ioyned with his outwarde common greues euen for spight desiring a reuenge in choller he went to procure Pyrrus to come vnto SPARTA to restore him againe to his kingdome Hereupon he brought him into LACEDAEMONIA forthwith with fiue and twenty thowsand footemen two thowsand horse and foure and twenty elephantes by which preparacion though by nothing else the worlde might plainely see that Pyrrus came with a minde not to restore Cleonymus againe vnto SPARTA but of intent to conquer for him selfe if he could all the contrie of PELOPONNESVS For in wordes he denied it to the LACEDAEMONIANS them selues who sent Ambassadors vnto him when he was in the city of MEGALIPOLIS where he tolde them that he was come into PELOPONNESVS to sette the townes and cities at libertie which Antigonus kept in bondage that his true intent and meaning was to send his young sonnes into SPARTA so they would be contented to the end they might be trained after the LACONIAN manner and from their youth haue this aduantage aboue all other kinges to haue bene well brought vp But faining these thinges and abusing those that came to meete him on his way they tooke no heede of him till he came within the coast of LACONIA into the which he was no sooner entred but he beganne to spoyle and wast the whole contry And when the Ambassadors of SPARTA reproued and founde fault with him for that he made warres vpon them in such sorte before he had openly proclaimed it he made them aunswer no more haue you your selues vsed to proclaime that which you purposed to do to others Then one of the Ambassadors called Mandricidas replied againe vnto him in the LACONIAN tongue If thou be a god thou wilt doe vs no hurt bicause we haue not offended thee and if thou be a man thou shalt meete with an other that shal be better then thy selfe Then he marched directly to SPARTA where Cleonymus gaue him counsell euen at the first to assault it But he would not so do fearing as they sayd that if he did it by night his souldiers would sacke the city and sayd it should be time enough to assault it the next day at broad day light bicause there were but few men within the towne and beside they were very ill prouided And furthermore king Areus him selfe was not there but gone into CRETA to aide the GORTYNIANS who had warres in their owne contry And doutlesse that only was the sauing of SPARTA from taking that they made no reckening to assault it hotly bicause they thought it was not able to make resistaunce For Pyrrus camped before the towne throughly perswaded with him selfe that he should finde none to fight with him and Cleonymus frends and seruauntes also did prepare his lodging there as if Pyrrus should haue come to supper to him
Annibal was but would by voluntary banishment dye out of the citie The ende of the whole volume of Plutarkes liues Three things necessary for a Magistrate or Captaine Prouerbe Sossius Senecio a Senator of Rome Theseus and Romulus very like The linage of Theseus Pelops king of Peloponnesus Pitheus the grandfather of Theseus The wisedom of Pitheus AEgeus the father of Theseus AEthra the daughter of king Pitheus the mother of Theseus The Palla 〈…〉 tides Pallas had fiftie sonnes VVhy Theseus vvas so called Connidas Theseus schoolemaster A custome to offer heares at Delphes Theseia Theseus manner of shauing The Abantes The cause of shauing their heares before Alexander Magnus made the Macedonians shaue their beardes Theseus said to be Neptunes sonne The Troezenians coyne stamped vvith Neptunes three picked mace Theseus youthe Great robbing in Theseus time Thucid. lib. 2. Hercules a destroyer of theeues Hercules serueth Omphale Theseus foloweth Hercules â—â—she of saue pricketh men forward to great enterprises Theseus and Hercules nere kynsemen Periphetes Corinetes a famous robber slayne of Theseus Theseus caried the clubbe he wanne of Periphetes at Hercules did the lions skin Sinnis Pityocamtes a cruel murtherer slaine Perigouna Sinnis daughter Theseus begaâ—te Menalippus of Perigouna Ioxus Menalippus sonne Ioxides Phaea the wilde sowe of Crommyon slaine Phaea a woman theefe Sciron a notable robber throweÌ„ downe the rocks by Theseus AEacus Cychreus Cercyon the Arcadian slaine of Theseus by wrestling Damastes Procrustes a cruel murtherer slaine of Theseus Hercules doinge Termerus euill Cephisus aviâ—er of Caâ—â—â— The Phytalides the first men that feasted Theseus in their houses This sacrifice Pâ—â—â—che calleth Milâ—â—â—â—â—hia Medea perswaded AEgeus to poyson Theseus AEgeus acknowledgeth Theseus for his sonne The Pallantides take ernes against AEgeus and Theseus Leos an Herauld bewrayeth their treason to Theseus Theseus killeth the Pallantides The bull of Marathon taken aliue by Theseus Apollo Delphias Iupiter Hecalian The Athenians payed tribute to Minos king of Creta for the death of Androgeus his sonne The manner of the tribute conditioned The Minotaure what it was The Laberinthe a prison in Creta Taurus one of Minoes captaines Of the Bottieians Plin. lib. 4. cap. 2. King Minos defated by the Poets in the theaters as Athens RadamaÌ„thus The thirde time of payment of the tribute The Atheniâ—â—e are grieued to depart with their children Theseus offereth to goe with the children into Creta Lotts dreâ—m for the children that should goe The Athenians sent their children into Creta in a shippe with a blacke sayle AEgeus geueth the master of the shippe a white sayle to signifie the safe returne of Theseus Cybernesia games Hiceteria offering Theseus taketh shippe with the tribute childreÌ„ the sixt of Marche and sayleth into Creta Venus Epitragia Theseus slewe the Minotaure by meanes of Ariadne king Minoes daughter Theseus returne â—â—e of Creta Taurus ouercome of Theseus was a men Taurus suspected with Pasiphäe king Minoes wife How Ariadne fell in loue with Theseus Minos sendeth Theseus home with his prisoners and releaseth the Athenians of their tribute 〈…〉 Daedalus 〈…〉 King Minos dyed in Sicile Deucalion King Minoes sonne sent to Athens to demaunde Daedalus Theseus sayled into Creta and a anne the cittie of Gnosvs and slewe Deucalion Diuers opinions of Ariadne O Enopion Staphylus Theseus sonnes Theseus leaueth Ariadne in Cyprus Ariadne dieth wish childe in Cyprus The ceremonie of the sacrifice done to Ariadne in Cyprus Venus Ariadne Two Minoes and two Ariadnees Corcyna Ariadnes nurce Theseus returneth out of Creta into the I le of Delos Theseus daunce called the Crane Palme a tokeÌ„ of victory Theseus master of his shippe forgate to see out the white sayle AEgeus death Theseus arriueth safe with the tribute children in the hauen of Phalerus The Herauld bare a rodde in his hand The feast Oscophoria October called Pyanepsion in the Aâ—ucan tongue Persd of Iresione in the life of Homer and Suidas Theseus went into Creta with the tribute children in the galliot of 30. owers Disputation about increase The galliot alleaged for a doubt Theseus thanksfullnes to the Phytalides â—hâ— were the first that frosted him in their houses Theseus brought the â—â—cabiâ—ants of the contrie of Arciâ—â— into cue cin Asty the towne house of the Athenians The feastes Panathenea and Metaecia Theseus resigneth his kingdome maketh Athiâ— a common wealth The oracle of Apollo in Delphes Theseus maketh differeÌ„ce of states and degrees in his coÌ„mon weals Theseus the first that gaue ouer regall power framed a populer state An oxe stamped in Theseus coyne Hecatomboeon Decaboeon Olympia Theseus erected the games Isthmia in the honour of Neptune Theseus iornye into mare Maior Antiopa the Amazone rauished by Theseus Solois fell in loue with Antiopa Solois droâ—â—ed him selfe for loue Pythopolis built by Theseus Solois fl The cause of the warres of the Amazones against the Athenâ—â—s Bosphorus Cimmericus an arme of the sea Theseus fighteth a battell with the Amazones The order of the Amazones battell Peace concluded as feâ—â—e moneths ende by meanes of Hyppolita Oreemosion the name of a place Auncient toÌ„bes of losenge facion Thermodon nowe called Haâ—monst Hippolytus Theseus senne by Antiopa Phâ—dra Theseus wife and Minos daughter king of Creta Theseus mariages Theseus battels Prouerbe Nots witheus Theseus Prouerbe This is another Theseus Theseus valliantnes the cause of Pirithous friendshippe with him Pirithous Theseus sworne brethern in the field Pirithous maried Deidamia The Lapithae ouercomen the Centauari Theseus and Hercules met at Trathina Theseus fiftie yere olde wheÌ„ he rauished Hellen. The manner of Hellens rauishement Diana Orâ—hia Theseus lefte Hellen in the cittie of Aphidnes Theseus went with Pirithous into Epirus to steale Proserpina Aidonius daughter Pirithous terne in peces with Cerberus Theseus close prisoner The warre of the Tyndarides against the AtheniaÌ„s Academia why so called Marathon Aphidnes wonne raced by the Tyndarides Alycus Scirons sonne slayne at the battell of Aphidnes The Tyndarides honoured at godds and called Anaces Cicer. de Nasdeâ—r lib 3. King called Anactes Anaces why so called AEthra takeÌ„ prisoner and caried to Lacedaâ—mon Diuers opinions of Homers verses Sperchius â— Theseus deliuered one of prison by Hercules meanes The AstheniaÌ„s disdaine to obey Theseus Theseus fled from Athens into the I le of Sciros Theseus cruelly slayne by Lycomedes Menestheus king of Athens Theseus sonnes Cimon taketh the I le of Sciros and bringeth Theseus bones to Athens Theseus tumbe Neptune why called Asphalius and Gaiochus Diuers opinions about the name of Rome Tybria st The beginning of kissing their kinsefolkes in the mouthe came from the Troian women Fables of Romulus byrthe An oracle of Thetis in 〈…〉 Thuscans See the fragments of Fabius Pictor and of Cato See also Haelitarnasseus T. Linius Romulus kinred Romulus mother Faustulus Cermanum Ruminalis The goddesse Rumilia Acca Laurentia Faustulus wife that nurced the twynnes The Greeke soâ—â—â— Larentia Lâ—reÌ„tia fâ—â—t Laurentia a curtisan Tarrutius Vâ—labrum
make them gouernors and heades of the same Pitheus grandfather to Theseus on the mothers side was one of his sonnes and founded the litle city of TROEZEN and was reputed to be one of the wisest men of his time But the knowledge and wisedom which onely caried estimacion at that time consisted altogether in graue sentences and morall sayinges As those are which wanne the Poet Hesiodus such fame for his booke intituled The workes and dayes in the which is read euen at this present this goodly sentence which they father vpon Pitheus Thou shalt performe thy promise and thy pay to hyred men and that vvithout delay And this doth Aristotle the Philosopher himselfe testifie and the Poet Euripides also calling Hippolytus the scholler of the holy Pitheus doth sufficiently declare of what estimacion he was But AEgeus desiring as they say to know how he might haue children went vnto the city of DELPHES to the oracle of Apollo where by Apolloes Nunne that notable prophecy was geuen him for an aunswer The which did forbid him to touch or know any woman vntill he was returned againe to ATHENS And bicause the words of this prophecy were somewhat darke hard he tooke his way by the city of TROEZEN to tell it vnto Pitheus The wordes of the prophecy were these O thou vvhich art a gemme of perfect grace plucke not the tappe out of thy trusty toonne Before thou do returne vnto thy place in Athens tovvne from vvhence thy race doth roonne Pitheus vnderstanding the meaning perswaded him or rather cunningly by some deuise deceiued him in such sorte that he made him to lye with his daughter called AEthra AEgeus after he had accompanied with her knowing that she was Pitheus daughter with whom he had lyen and douting that he had gotten her with child left her a sword and a payer of shoes the which he hidde vnder a great hollow stone the hollownes wherof serued iust to receiue those things which he layed vnder it and made no liuing creature priuy to it but her alone straightly charging her that if she happened to haue a sonne when he were come to mans state of strength to remoue the stone and to take those things from vnder it which he left there that she should then sende him vnto him by those tokens as secretly as she could that no body els might knowe of it For he did greatly feare the children of one called Pallas the which laye in wayte and spyall by all the meanes they could to kill him only of despight bicause he had no children they being fiftie brethern and all begotten of one father This done he departed from her And AEthra within fewe moneths after was deliuered of a goodly sonne the which from that time was called Theseus and as some say so called bicause of the tokens of knowledge his father had layed vnder the stone Yet some others write that it was afterwardes at ATHENS when his father knewe him and allowed him for his sonne But in the meane time during his infancie childehood he was brought vp in the house of his grādfather Pitheus vnder the gouernmēt teaching of one called Cōnidas his schoolemaster in honour of whom the ATHENIANS to this daye doe sacrifice a weather the daye before the great feaste of Theseus hauing more reason to honour the memorye of this gouernour then of a Silanion and of a Parrhesius to whom they doe honour also bicause they paynted and caste mowldes of the images of Theseus Now there was a custome at that time in GRECE that the yong men after their infancie and growth to mans state went vnto the cittie of DELPHES to offer parte of their heares in the temple of Apollo Theseus also went thither as other did and some saye that the place where the ceremonie of this offering was made hath euer sence kept the olde name and yet continueth Theseia Howbeit he dyd not shaue his head but before only as Homer sayeth like the facion of the ABANTES in olde time and this manner of shauing of heares was called for his sake Theseida And as concerning the ABANTES in trothe they were the very first that shaued them selues after this facion neuertheles they learned it not of the ARABIANS as it was thought of some neither dyd they it after the imitation of the MISSIANS But bicause they were warlike and valliant men which did ioyne neere vnto their enemie in battell and aboue all men of the worlde were skilfullest in fight hande to hande and woulde keepe their grounde as the Poet Archilochus witnesseth in these verses They vse no slynges in foughten fields to have nor bended bovves but svvords and trenchant blades For vvhen fierce Mars beginneth for to raue in bloody field then euery man inuades His fiercest foe and fighteth hand to hand then doe they deeds right cruell to reconpt For in this vvise the braue and vvarlike bande Doe shevv their force vvhich come from Negrepont The cause why they were thus shauen before was for that their enemies should not haue the vauntage to take them by the heares of the head while they were fighting And for this selfe same consideration Alexander the great commaunded his captaines to cause all the MACEDONIANS to shaue their beards bicause it is the easiest holde and readiest for the hande a man can haue of his enemie in fighting to holde him fast by the same But to returne to Theseus AEthra his mother had euer vnto that time kept it secret from him who was his true father And Pitheus also had geuen it out abroade that he was begotten of Neptune bicause the TROEZENIANS haue this god in great veneration and doe worshippe him as patron and protector of their cittie making offerings to him of their first fruites and they haue for the marke and stampe of their money the three picked mace which is the signe of Neptune called his Trident But after he was comen to the prime and lustines of his youth and that with the strength of his bodie he shewed a great courage ioyned with a naturall wisedome and stayednes of wit then his mother brought him to the place where this great hollowe stone laye and telling him truely the order of his birth and by whom he was begotten made him to take his fathers tokens of knowledge which he had hidden there gaue him counsell to goe by sea to ATHENS vnto him Theseus easilye lyft vp the stone and tooke his fathers tokens from vnder it Howbeit he answered playnely that he would not goe by sea notwithstanding that it was a great deale the safer waye and that his mother and grandfather both had instantly intreated him bicause the waye by lande from TROEZEN to ATHENS was very daungerous all the wayes being besett by robbers and murderers For the worlde at that time brought forth men which for strongnesse in their armes for swyftnes of feete and for
their voyces also there in deede are they most bounde and subiect bicause they doe but obaye the rich in all they doe commaund But yet in this acte there is a thinge more wonderfull and worthie to be noted That commonly discharging of dettes was wont to breede great tumultes and seditions in common weales And Solon hauing vsed it is a very good time as the phisitian ventring a daungerous medecine dyd appease the sedition already begonne and did vtterly quenche through his glorie and the common opinion they had of his wisdome and vertue all the infamie and accusation that might haue growen of that acte As for their first entrie into the gouernment Solons beginning was farre more noble For he went before and followed not another and him selfe alone without any others helpe dyd put in execution the best and more parte of all his notable and goodly lawes Yet was Publicolaes ende and death much more glorious and happie For Solon before he dyed sawe all his comon wealthe ouerthrowen but Publicolaes common weale continued whole as he left it vntill the broyle of ciuill warres beganne againe among them Solon after he had made his lawes and written them in wodden tables leauing them without defence of any man went his waye immediatly out of the cittie of ATHENS Publicola abiding continually in ROME gouerning the state dyd throughly stablishe confirme the lawes he made Furthermore Solon hauing wisely forseene Pisistratus practises aspiring to make him selfe King he could neuer let him for all that but was himselfe ouercome and oppressed with they tyrannie he sawe stablished in his owne sight and in dispight of him Where Publicola ouerthrewe and dyd put downe a mightie Kingdome that had continued of long time and was throughly stablished his vertue and desire being equall with Solons hauing had besides fortune fauorable and sufficient power to execute his vertuous and well disposed minde But as for warres and marshall deedes there is no comparison to be made betweene them For Daimachus Plataian doth not attribute the warres of the MEGARIANS vnto Solon as we haue written it where Publicola being generall of an armie and fighting himselfe in persone hath wonne many great battels And as for matters of peace and ciuill gouernment Solon neuer durst present him self openly to persuade the enterprise of SALAMINA but vnder a counterfeat madnes and as a soole to make sporte Where Publicola taking his aduenture from the beginning shewed him selfe without dissimulation an open enemie to Tarquine and afterwardes he reuealed all the whole conspiracie And when he had bene the only cause and autor of punishing the traitours he dyd not only driue out of ROME the tyrannes selues in persone but tooke from them also all hope of returne againe Who hauing allwayes thus nobly valiantly behaued him self without shrinking backe or flying from ought that required force a manly corage or open resistaunce dyd yet shewe him selfe discreete where wisedome was requisite or reason and persuasion needefull As when he conningly wanne king Porsena who was a dredfull enemie vnto him and inuincible by force whom he handled in such good sorte that he made him his friend Peraduenture some might stand in this and saye that Solon recouered the I le of SALAMINA vnto the ATHENIANS which they would haue lost Publicola to the contrarie restored the lands vnto Porsena againe which the ROMAINES had conquered before within the countrie of THVSCAN But the times in which these things were done are allwayes to be considered of For a wise gouernour of a Realme and politicke man doth gouerne diuersely according to the occasions offred taking euery thing in his time wherein he will deale And many times in letting goe one thing he saueth the whole and in losing a litle he gayneth much As Publicola dyd who losing a litle pece of another mans countrie which they had vsurped saued by that meanes all that was assuredly his owne And whereas the ROMAINES thought he should doe very much for them to saue their cittie only he got them moreouer all the goodes that were in their enemies cāpe which dyd besiege them And in making his enemie iudge of his quarrell he wāne the victorie winning that moreouer which he would gladly haue geuen to haue ouercome and haue sentence passe of his side For the King their enemie dyd not only make peace with them but dyd also leaue them all his furniture prouision and munition for the warres euen for the vertue manhood and iustice which the great wisedome of this Consul persuaded Porsena to beleeue to be in all the other ROMAINES The end of Publicolaes life THE LIFE OF Themistocles THEMISTOCLES parentage dyd litle aduaunce his glorie for his father Neocles was of small reputation in ATHENS being of the hundred of Phrear tribe of Leontis of his mother an allien or straunger as these verses doe witnesse Abrotonon I am yborne in Thracia and yet this highe good happe I haue that into Grecia I haue brought forth a sonne Themistocles by name the glorie of the Greekishe bloods and man of greatest fame Howbeit Phanias writeth that his mother was not a THRACIAN but borne in the countrie of CARIA and they doe not call her Abrotonon but Euterpé And Neanthes sayeth furthermore that she was of HALICARNASSVS the chiefest cittie of all the Realme of CARIA For which cause when the straungers dyd assemble at Cynosargos a place of exercise without the gate dedicated to Hercules which was not a right god but noted an alien in that his mother was a mortall woman Themistocles persuaded diuers youthes of the most honourable houses to goe down with him to annointe them selues at Cynosargos conningly thereby taking away the differēce betwene the right alien sorte But setting a parte all these circumstaunces he was no doubt allied vnto the house of the Lycomedians for Themistocles caused the chappell of this familie which is in the village of PHLYES being once burnt by the barbarous people to be buylt vp againe at his owne charges and as Simonides sayeth he dyd set in forth and enriche it with pictures Moreouer euery man doth confesse it that euen from his childhood they dyd perceyue he was geuen to be very whotte headed sturring wise and of good spirite and enterprising of him selfe to doe great things and borne to rule weighty causes For at such dayes and howers as he was taken from his booke and had leaue to playe he neuer played nor would neuer be idle as other children were but they allwayes founde him conning some oration without booke or making it alone by him selfe and the ground of his matter was euer comonly either to defend or accuse some of his companions Whereupon his schoolemaster obseruing him ofte sayed vnto him suer some great matter hangeth ouer thy head my boye for it cannot be chosen but that one daye thou shalt doe some notable good thing or some extreme mischief Therefore when they went about to
and disobedient souldiers he kept vp thereby the state of the common weale the better iudging to ouercome the enemie by force was but an accessorie as a man maye terme it in respect of well training and ordering his cittizens by good discipline While the ROMAINES were in warres against king Antiochus surnamed the great in the South partes all the chiefest captaines of ROME being employed that wayes there fell out another in the necke of that in the West partes towardes SPAYNE where they were all vp in armes Thither they sent AEmylius Praetor not with sixe axes as the other Praetors had borne before them but with twelue so that vnder the name of Praetor he had the authoritie and dignitie of a Consul He twise ouercame the barbarous people in mayne battell and slue a thirtie thousand of them and got this victorie through his great skill and wisedome in choosing the aduantage of place and time to fight with his enemies euen as they passed ouer a riuer which easely gaue his souldiers the victorie Moreouer he tooke there two hundred and fiftie citties all which dyd open and gladly receyue him in So leauing all that countrie quiet and in good peace and hauing receaued their fealtie by othe made betweene his handes he returned againe to ROME not enriched the value of a Drachma more then before For then he tooke litle regard to his expences he spent so franckly neither was his purse his master though his reuenue was not great to beare it out as it appeared to the world after his death for all that he had was litle enough to satisfie his wifes ioynter His first wife was Papyria the daughter of a noble Consul Papyrius Masso and after they had liued a long time together he was diuorsed from her notwithstanding he had goodly children by her For by her he had that famous Scipio the second and Fabius Maximus The iust cause of the diuorse betweene them appeareth not to vs in writing but me thinckes the tale that is tolde concerning the separation of a certaine mariage is true That a certen ROMAINE hauing forsaken his wife her friendes fell out with him and asked him what fault dost thou finde in her is she not honest of her bodie is she not fayer doth she not bring thee goodly children But he putting forth his foote shewed them his shooe and aunswered them Is not this a goodly shooe is it not sinely made and is it not newe yet I dare saye there is neuer a one of you can tell where it wringeth me For to saye truely great and open faultes are commonly occasions to make husbands put awaye their wiues but yet oftentimes household wordes ronne so betweene them proceeding of crooked conditions or of diuersitie of natures which straungers are not priuie vnto that in processe of time they doe beget suche a straunge alteration of loue and mindes in them as one house can no lenger holde them So AEmylius hauing put awaye Papyria his first wife he maried another that brought him two sonnes which he brought vp with him selfe in his house and gaue his two first sonnes to wit Scipio the second and Fabius Maximus in adoption to two of the noblest and richest families of the cittie of ROME The elder of the twaine vnto Fabius Maximus he that was fiue times Consul and the younger vnto the house of the Cornelians whom the sonne of the great Scipio the AFRICAN dyd adopt being his cosin germaine and named him Scipio Concerning his daughters the sonne of Cato maried the one and AElius Tubero the other who was a maruelous honest man and dyd more nobly mainteine him selfe in his pouertie then any other ROMAINE for they were sixteene persones all of one name and of the house of the AElians very neere a kynne one to the other who had all but one litle house in the cittie and a small farme in the countrie wherewith they enterteined them selues and liued all together in one house with their wiues and many litle children Amongest their wiues one of them was the daughter of Paulus AEmylius after he had bene twise Consul and had triumphed twise not being ashamed of her husbands pouertie but wondering at his vertue that made him poore Whereas brethern and kynsemen as the world goeth now if they dwell not farre a sonder and in other countries not one neere another and that riuers parte them not or walles deuide their landes leauing great large wastes betweene them they are neuer quiet but still in quarrell one with another Goodly examples doth this storie laye before the wise and well aduised readers to learne thereby howe to frame their life and wisely to behaue them selues Now AEmylius being chosen Consul went to make warre with the LIGVRIANS who dwelled in the ALPES which otherwise are called LIGVSTINES These are very valliāt warlike men were very good souldiers at that time by reason of their cōtinual warres against the ROMAINES whose neere neighbours they were For they dwelt in the furdest parte of ITALIE that bordereth vpon the great ALPES the rowe of ALPES whereof the foote ioyneth to the THVSCAN sea pointeth towards AFRICKE and are mingled with the GAVLES SPANYARDS neighbours vnto that sea coast who scowring all the Mediterranian sea at that time vnto the straight of Hercules pillers dyd with their litle light pinnases of pirats let all the trafficke entercourse of marchaundise AEmylius being gone to seeke them in their countrie they taried his comming with an armie of forty thousand men neuertheles though he had but eight thousand men in all and that they were fiue to one of his yet he gaue the onset apon them and ouerthrew them and draue them into their citties Then he sent to offer them peace for the ROMAINES would not altogether destroye the LIGVRIANS bicause their countrie was as a rampeyr or bullwarke against the inuasion of the GAVLES who laye lurking for oportunitie and occasion to inuade ITALIE whereupon these LIGVRIANS yelded them selues vnto him and put all their fortes and shippes into his handes AEmylius deliuered vnto them their holdes againe without other hurte done vnto them sauing that he rased the walles of their fortifications howbeit he tooke all their shippes from them leauing them litle botes of three owers only and no greater set all the prisoners at libertie they had taken both by sea and by lande aswell ROMAINES as other which were a maruelous number These were all the notable acts he dyd worthie memorie in the first yere of his Consulshippe Afterwards he oftentimes shewed him self very desirous to be Consul againe dyd put forth him selfe to sue for it but when he was denied it he neuer after made sute for it againe but gaue him selfe only to studie diuine things and to see his children vertuously brought vp not only in the ROMAINE tongue which him selfe was taught but also a litle more curiously in the
the least if those thinges be to be credited which so many graue and auncient writers haue left in writing to vs touching so great and holy things The THEBANS returning backe from ORCHOMENE and the LACEDAEMONIANS on the other side returning also from LOCRIDE both at one time they fortuned both armies to mete about the citty of TEGYRA Now so sone as the THEBANS had discouered the LACEDAEMONIANS passing the straite one of them ranne sodainely to Pelopidas and tolde him Sir we are fallen into the handes of the LACEDAEMONIANS Nay are not they rather fallen into ours aunswered Pelopidas againe with these wordes he commaunded his horsemen that were in the rereward to come before and sett apon them and him selfe in the meane time put his footemen immediately into a pretie squadron close togeather being in all not aboue three hundred men hoping when he should come to geue charge with his battell he should make a lane through the enemies though they were the greater nomber For the LACEDAEMONIANS deuided them selues in two companies and euery company as Ephoreus writeth had fiue hundred mens and as Callistenes sayed seuen hundred Polybius and diuers other authors saye they were nyne hundred men So Theopompus and Gorgoleon the Captaynes of the LACEDAEMONIANS lustely marched agaynst the THEBANS and it fell out so that the first charge was geuen where the chiefetaynes or generalles were of either side with great furie on eyther parte so as both the generalls of the LACEDAEMONIANS which sett vppon Pelopidas together were slayned They being slayne and all that were about them being either hurt or killed in the fielde the rest of the armie were so amased that they deuided in two and made a lane on either side for the THEBANS to passe through them if they would But when they saw Pelopidas ment not to take the passage they offered him and that he came on still with his men to set apon those that were yet in battel raye and slue all them that stoode before him then they turned tayle and tooke them to their legges Howbeit the THEBANS did not chase them farre fearing the ORCHOMENIANS who were not farre from them and the new garrison besides that were come from LACEDAEMON not long before And this was the cause they were contented that they had ouercomed them by force and had passed through their armie in despite of them and broken and ouerthrowen them So when he had set vp markes of triumphe and spoyled their slayne enemies they returned home againe glad men for their obteyned victorie For in all the warres the LACEDAEMONIANS euer made as well with the GRAECIANS as with the barbarous people also there was neuer chronicle mencioned at any tyme that their enemies being so fewe did ouercome them that were so many nor that they were ouercome also by any number equall in battell Whereuppon they grewe so coragious and terrible that no man durst once abyde them for their onely same did so terrifie their enemies that came to fight agaynst them that they thought with no equall force to be able to performe asmuche as they had done But this battell of TEGYRA was the first that made both them and the other GREECIANS knowe that it was not the ryuer of EVROTAS alone nor the valley that lyeth betweene the tyuers of CNACION and of BABYCE that breedeth the valiant and hardy fighting men but that it is in all places else where they learne young men to be ashamed of dishonest and vyle thinges and to venter their liues for honest causet◠fearing more dishonorable reproche then honorable daunger These are the people most to be feared are most terrible also to their enemies And for the holy bād we mēcioned before it is saide Gorgidas was the first erector of the same They were three hundred chosen men entertained by the state and they alwaies kept within the castell of CADMEA and the bande was called the townes bande for at that time and specially in that part of GREECE they called the castels and great holdes in citties the townes Other say it was a bande of fooremen that were in loue one with another And therefore Pammenes pleasaunt wordes are noted saiying that Nestor coulde no skyll to set an armie in battell raye seeing he gaue the GREECIANS counsell in the ILIADES of HOMER that they should set them in battell raye euery countrie and tribe by them selues That by affections force and lynkes of kyndly loue that one might alvvaise helpe at hande that other to behoue For saide he one frende should rather be set by another that loues togeather bicause in daunger men commonly do litle regarde their contrie men or suche as are of their tribe But men that doo loue one another can neuer be broken nor ouercome for the passion of loue that entertaineth eche others affection for affection sake dothe kepe them from forsaking one another And those that are beloued being ashamed to doo any vyle or dishonest thing before those that loue them for very loue will sticke one by another to the death And sure3 the reason is good if it be true that louers doo in deede more regard them they loue though they be absent then other that be present As appeareth by the example of hym that being striken downe to the ground his enemie lifting vp his swoorde to kyll him he praied him he woulde geue him his deathes wounde before lest his frende that loued him seeing a wounde on his backe shoulde be ashamed of him It is reported also that Iolaus being beloued of Hercules did helpe and accompanie him in all his labors and quarrels Whereupon Aristotle writeth that vnto his time such as loued hartily togeather became sworne brethren one to another apon Iolaus tombe And therefore me thinkes it is likely that this bande was first called the holy bande by the selfe same reason that Plato calleth a louer a diuine frende by goddes appointment It is written also that this bande was neuer broken nor ouerthrowen before the battel of CHAERONEA After that battel Philip taking vewe of the slaine bodies he stayed in that place where the foure hundred men of that bande laye all dead on the grounde one harde by another and all of them slayne and thrust through with pikes on their brestes whereat he wondred muche and being tolde him that it was the louers bande he fel a weeping for pittie saying Wo be to them that thinke these men did or suffered any euyll or dishonest thing And to be short the misfortune of Laius that was slaine by his owne brother Oedipus was not the first originall cause of this custome that the THEBANS beganne to be in loue one with an other as the POETS write but they were their first lawmakers who perceiuing them to be a stout fierce natiō of nature they sought euen frō their youthe to make them gentell and ciuill and therefore in all their actions both of sport and earnest they
maruelous plaine man without pride and of a good nature Then they tolde him what notable wise sayinges and graue sentences they heard him speake Valerius Flaccus hearing this reporte of him willed his men one day to pray him to come to supper to him Who falling in acquaintance with Cato and perceiuing he was of a very good nature and wel giuen that he was a good griffe to be set in a better ground he perswaded him to come to ROME and to practise there in the assembly of the people in the common causes and affayres of the common weale Cato followed his counsail who hauing bene no long practiser among them did grow straight into great estimacion and wanne him many frends by reason of the causes he tooke in hand to defend and was the better preferred and taken also by meanes of the speciall fauour and countenaunce Valerius Flaccus gaue him For first of all by voyce of the people he was chosen Tribune of the souldiers to say colonell of a thousand footemen afterwards was made treasorer and so went forwards and grew to so great credit authority as he became Valerius Flaccus cōpanion in the chiefest offices of state being chosen Consul with him then Censor But to begin withal Cato made choise of Quintus Fabius Maximus aboue all the Senators of ROME gaue him selfe to follow him altogether not so much for the credit estimacion Fabius Maximus was of who therein exceded all the ROMAINES of that time as for the modesty and discrete gouernment he sawe in him whome he determined to followe as a worthy myrror and example At which time Cato passed not for the malice and euil will of Scipio the great who did striue at that present being but a young man with the authoritie and greatnesse of Fabius Maximus as one that seemed to enuy his risinge and greatnesse For Cato being sent treasorer with Scipio when he vndertooke the iorney into AFRIKE and perceiuing Scipioes bountifull nature and disposition to large giftes without meane to the souldiers he tolde him plainly one day that he did not so much hurt the common wealth in wasting their treasure as he did great harme in chaūging the auncient maner of their auncesters who vsed their souldiers to be contented with litle but he taught them to spende their superfluous money all necessaries prouided for in vaine toyes and trifles to serue their pleasure Scipio made him aunswere he woulde haue no treasorer shoulde controll him in that sorte nor that should looke so narrowly to his expences for his intent was to go to the wars with full sayles as it were and that he woulde and did also determine to make the state priuie to all his doinges but not to the money he spent Cato hearing this aunswer returned with spede out of SICILE vnto ROME crying out with Fabius Maximus in open Senate that Scipio spent infinitely and that he tended playes commedies and wrestlinges as if he had not bene sent to make warres inuasions and attemptes apon their enemies Apon this complaint the Senate appointed certeine Tribunes of the people to goe and see if their informations were true and finding them so that they should bring him backe againe to ROME But Scipio shewed farre otherwise to the commissioners that came thither and made them see apparaunt victorie through the necessary preparacion and prouision he had made for the warres and he confessed also that when he had dispatched his great businesse and was at any leasure he would be priuately mery with his frends and though he was liberall to his souldiers yet that made him not negligent of his duety and charge in any matter of importance So Scipio tooke shippinge and sayled towards AFRIKE whether he was sent to make warre Now to returne to Cato He daily increased still in authority and credit by meanes of his eloquence so that diuerse called him the Demosthenes of ROME howbeit the maner of his life was in more estimacion then his eloquence For all the youth of ROME did seeke to attaine to his eloquence and commendacion of wordes and one enuied an other which of them should come nearest but few of them woulde fyle their handes with any labor as their forefathers did and make a light supper and dinner without fire or prouision or woulde be content with a meane gowne and a poore lodging finally woulde thinke it more honorable to defye fansies pleasures then to haue and enioy them Bicause the state was waxen now of such power wealth as it could no more retaine the auncient discipline and former austeritie and straitnes of life it vsed but by reason of the largenes of their dominion and seigniory and the numbers of people and nations that were become their subiects it was euen forced to receiue a medley of sundry contry facions examples and maners This was a cause why in reason men did so greatly wonder at Catoes vertue when they sawe other straight wearyed with paines and labor tenderly brought vp like pulers and Cato on the other side neuer ouercommen either with the one or with the other no not in his youth when he most coueted honor nor in his age also when he was gray headed and balde after his Consullship and triumphe but like a conqueror that had gotten the maistery he would neuer geue ouer labor euen vnto his dying day For he writeth him selfe that there neuer came gowne on his backe that cost him aboue a hundred pence that his hyndes and worke men alwayes dronke no worse wine when he was Consull and generall of the armie then he did him selfe and that his cater neuer bestowed in meate for his supper aboue thirty Asses of ROMAINE money and yet he sayed it was bicause he might be the stronger and apter to do seruice in the warres for his contry and the common wealth He sayd furthermore that being heire to one of his frends that dyed he had a peece of tapestry by him with a deepe border which they called then the babilonian border and he caused it straight to be solde and that of all his houses he had abroade in the contry he had not one wall-plastered nor rough cast Moreouer he would say he neuer bought bondeman or slaue dearer then a thowsande fiue hundred pence as one that sought not for fine made men and goodly personages but strong fellowes that could away with paynes as carters horsekepers neatheardes and such like and againe he woulde sell them when they were olde bicause he would not keepe them when they coulde do no seruice To conclude he was of opinion that a manne bought any thinge deere that was for litle purpose yea though he gaue but a farthing for it he thought it to much to bestow so litle for that which needed not He would haue men purchase houses that hadde more store of errable lande and pasture then of fine orteyardes or gardeins
this young maide went somewhat boldly by the chamber of young Cato to go into his father the young man sayd neuer a word at it yet his father perceiued that he was somewhat ashamed and gaue the maide no good countenaunce Wherefore findinge that his sonne and daughter in lawe were angry with the matter sayinge nothinge to them of it nor shewinge them any ill countenaunce he went one morninge to the market place as his maner was with a traine that followed him amongest whome was one Salonius that had bene his clearke and wayted vpon him as the rest did Cato calling him out alowde by his name asked him if he hadde not yet bestowed his daughter Salonius aunswered him he had not yet bestowed her nor woulde not before he made him priuie to it Then Cato tolde him againe I haue founde out a husbande for her and a sonne in lawe for thee and it will be no ill matche for her vnlesse she mislike the age of the man for in deede he is very olde but otherwise there is no faulte in him Salonius tolde him againe that for that matter he referred all to him and his daughter also prayinge him euen to make what matche he thought good for her for she was his humble seruaunt and relyed wholly vppon him standinge in neede of his fauor and furtheraunce Then Cato beganne to discouer and tolde him plainely he woulde willingely mary her him selfe Salonius therewith was abashed bicause he thought Cato was too olde to mary then and him selfe was no fitte manne to matche in any honorable house speciallie with a Consull and one that hadde triumped howebeit in the ende when he sawe Cato ment good earnest he was very glad of the matche and so with this talke they went on together to the markette place and agreed then vpon the mariage Now while they went about this matter Cato the sonne taking some of his kinne and frendes with him went vnto his father to aske him if he had offended him in any thinge that for spight he shoulde bringe him a steppe mother into his house Then his father cried out sayd O my sonne I pray thee say not so I like well all thou doest and I finde no cause to complaine of thee but I do it bicause I desire to haue many children and to leaue many such like citizens as thou art in the common wealth Some say that Pisistratus the tyran of ATHENS made such a like aunswere vnto the children of his first wife which were men growen when he maried his seconde wife Timonassa of the towne of ARGOS of whom he had as it is reported Iophon and Thessalus But to returne againe to Cato he had a sonne by his second wife whom he named after her name Cato SALONIAN and his eldest sonne died in his office beinge Praetor of whome he often speaketh in diuerse of his bookes commendinge him for a very honest man And they say he tooke the death of him very paciently and like a graue wise man not leauing therefore to do any seruice or businesse for the state otherwise then he did before And therein he did not as Lucius Lucullus Metellus surnamed Pius did afterwards who gaue vp medling any more with matters of gouernment and state after they were waxen olde For he thought it a charge and duety wherevnto euery honest man whilest he liued was bounde in all piety Nor as Scipio AFRICAN hadde done before him who perceiuing that the glory fame of his doings did purchase him the ill will of the citizens he chaunged the rest of his life into quietnes and forsooke the citie and all dealings in common wealth and went dwelt in the contry But as there was one that told Dionysius the tyran of SYRACVSA as it is wrytten that he could not die more honorably then to be buried in the tyranny euen so did Cato thinke that he could not waxe more honestlie olde then in seruing of the common wealth vnto his dying day So at vacant times when Cato was desirous a litle to recreate and refresh him selfe he passed his time away in makinge of bookes and lookinge vppon his husbandry in the contry This is the cause why he wrote so many kindes of bookes and stories But his tillage and husbandry in the contry he did tende and followe all in his youth for his profit For he sayed he had but two sortes of reuenue tillage and sparinge but in age whatsoeuer he did in the contry it was all for pleasure and to learne some thinge euer of nature For he hath wrytten a booke of the contry life and of tillage in the which he sheweth howe to make tartes and cakes and how to keepe frutes He woulde needes shew such singularity and skill in all thinges when he was in his house in the contry he fared a litle better then he did in other places and would oftentimes bid his neighbours and such as had lande lying about him to come and suppe with him and he would be mery with them so that his company was not onely pleasaunt and likinge to olde folkes as him selfe but also to the younger sorte For he had seene much and had experience in many thinges and vsed much pleasaunt talke profitable for the hearers He thought the bord one of the chiefest meanes to breede loue amongest men and at his owne table woulde alwayes praise good men and vertuous citizens but would suffer no talke of euill men neither in their praise nor dispraise Now it is thought the last notable acte and seruice he did in the common wealth was the ouerthrow of CARTHAGE for in deede he that wanne it and rased it vtterly was Scipio the seconde but it was chiefely through Catoes counsell and aduise that the last warre was taken in hand against the CARTHAGINIANS and it chaunced apon this occasion Cato was sent into AFRICKE to vnderstande the cause and controuersie that was betwene the CARTHAGINIANS and Massinissa kinge of NVMIDIA which were at great warres together And he was sent thither bicause king Massinissa had euer bene a frend vnto the ROMAINES and for that the CARTHAGINIANS were become their confederates since the last warres in the which they were ouerthrowen by Scipio the first who tooke for a fyne of them a great parte of their Empire and imposed apon them besides a great yearely tribute Now when he was come into that contrie he founde not the citie of CARTHAGE in miserie beggerie and out of harte as the ROMAINES supposed but full of lusty youthes very riche and wealthie and great store of armour and munition in it for the warres so that by reason of the wealth thereof CARTHAGE caried a high sayle and stowped not for a litle Wherefore he thought that it was more then time for the ROMAINES to leaue to vnderstande the controuersies betwext the CARTHAGINIANS and Massinissa and rather to prouide betimes to destroye CARTHAGE that hadde beene euer an
the discipline of the warres and order of battell in the which his souldiers had longe before bene trained Whereas Philopoemen brought into his contry both the one and the other and altered all the order which before they were accustomed vnto So that the chiefest point how to winne a battell was found out a new and brought in by the one into a place where it was neuer before and onely employed by the other which could very good skill to vse it and had founde it out already before Againe touching the valliant actes done in the person of them selues many notable actes may be told of Philopoemen but none of Titus but rather to the contrary For there was one Archedâ—mus an AETOLIAN who flowtinge Titus one day sayd in his reproche that at a day of battell when Philopoemen ranne with his sword in his hande to that side where he saw the MACEDONIANS fighting making hed against the enemy Titus held vp his hands vnto heauen and was busie at his prayers to the gods not stirring one foote when it was more time to handle the sword to sight of all handes All the goodly deedes Titus euer did were done alwaies as a Consul or Lieutenant or a Magistrate whereas Philopoemen shewed him selfe vnto the ACHAIANS a man no lesse valliant and of execution being out of office then when he was a Generall For when he was a Generall he did driue Nabis the tyran of the LACEDAEMONIANS out of MESSINA and deliuered the MASSENIANS out of bondage and being a priuate man he shut the gates of the city of SPARTA in the face of Diophanes Generall of the ACHAIANS and of Titus Quintius Flaminius and kept them both from comminge in and thereby saued the city from sacking Thus being borne to commaunde he knew not only how to commaunde according to the law but could commaund the law it selfe apon necessity when the common wealth required it For at such a time he would not tary while the Magistrates which should gouerne him did geue him authority to commaund but he tooke it of him selfe and vsed them when the time serued esteeming him in deede their Generall that knew better then they what was to be done then him whom they chose of them selues And therefore they doe well that doe commende Titus actes for his clemency and curtesie vsed to the GREECIANS but much more the noble and valliant actes of Philopoemen vnto the ROMAINES For it is much easier to pleasure and gratifie the weake then it is to hurt and resist the strong Therefore â—ithence we haue throughly examined and compared the one with the other it is very harde to iudge altogether the difference that is betwene them Peraduenture therefore the iudgement woulde not seeme very ill if we doe geue the GREECIAN for discipline of warre the preheminence and praise of a good Captaine and to the ROMAINE for iustice and clemency the name and dignity of a most iust and curteous gentleman The ende of Titus Quintius Flaminius life THE LIFE OF Pyrrus IT is writteÌ„ that since Noes floud the first king of the THESPROTIANS and of the MOLOSSIANS was Phaëton one of those who came with Pelasgus into the realme of EPIRVS But some say otherwise that Deucalion and his wife Pyrra remained there after they had built and founded the temple of Dodone in the contry of the MOLOSSIANS But howsoeuer it was a great while after that Neoptolemus the sonne of Achilles bringing thither a great number of people with him conquered the contry and after him left a succession of kinges which were called after his name the Pyrrides bicause that from his infancy he was surnamed Pyrrus as much to say as redde and one of his legittimate sonnes whom he had by Lanassa the daughter of Cleodes the sonne of Hillus was also named by him Pyrrus And this is the cause why Achilles is honored as a god in EPIRVS beinge called in their language Aspetos that is to say mighty or very great But from the first kinges of that race vntill the time of Tharrytas there is no memory nor mencion made of them nor of their power that raigned in the meane time bicause they all became very barbarous and vtterly voyde of ciuility Tharrytas was in deede the first that beautified the cities of his contry with the GRECIAN tongue brought in ciuill lawes and customes and made his name famous to the posterity that followed This Tharrytas left a sonne called Alcetas of Alcetas came Arymbas of Arymbas and Troiade his wife came AEacides who maried Phthia the daughter of Menon THESSALIAN A famous man in the time of the warres surnamed Lamiacus and one that had farre greater authority then any other of the confederates after Leosthenes This AEacides had two daughters by his wife Phthia to say Deidamia and Troiade and one sonne called Pyrrus In his time the MOLOSSIANS rebelled draue him out of his kingdome put the crowne into the hands of the sonnes of Neoptolemus Whereupon all the frends of AEacides that could be taken were generally murdered and slaine outright Androclides Angelus in the meane time stale away Pyrrus being yet but a suckling babe whome his enemies neuerthelesse egerly sought for to haue destroyed and fled away with him as fast as possibly they might with few seruauntes his nurses and necessary women only to looke to the childe and giue it sucke by reason whereof their flight was much hindered so as they could go no great iorneys but that they might easily be ouertaken by them that followed For which cause they put the childe into the handes of Androclion Hippias and Neander three lusty young men whome they trusted with him and commaunded them to runne for life to a certaine citie of MACEDON called MEGARES and they them selues in the meane time partely by intreaty partely by force made stay of those that followed them till night So as with much a doe hauinge driuen them backe they ranne after them that caried the childe Pyrrus whom they ouertooke at sunne set And now wening they had bene safe and out of all daunger they found it cleane contrary For when they came to the riuer vnder the towne walles of MEGARES they saw it so rough and swift that it made them afrayed to beholde it and when they gaged the sorde they found it vnpossible to wade through it was so sore risen and troubled with the fall of the raine besides that the darkenesse of the night made euery thing seeme feareful vnto them So as they now that caried the child thought it not good to venter the passage ouer of them selues alone with the women that tended the childe but hearing certaine contrymen on the other side they prayed and besought them in the name of the goddes that they would helpe them to passe ouer the child showing Pyrrus vnto them a farre of But the contrymen by reason of the roaringe of the riuer vnderstoode them not
and those that are ill fauored mere ougly and fearefull to see to And furthermore it is sayd that Aristoclitus the father of Lysander was not of the royall blood of the kinges of SPARTA though he came of the race of the Heraclides and that his sonne Lysander was very meanely and poorely brought vp being as obedient to the lawes and statutes of his contrie as any other man was showing him selfe alwayes very strong and constant against all vanitie and pleasure sauing only in matters of honor and curtesie which they offer vnto those that deserue well For they thinke it no shame nor dishonesty in SPARTA that the young men doe suffer them selues to be ouercome with that delite and pleasure but doe so bring vp their children that from their youth they would haue them to haue some tast and seeling of honor deliting to be praised and sorie to be discoÌ„mended For they make no accompt of him that is not moued with the one nor the other but take him to be of a base cowardly nature that hath no manner of minde to doe good And therefore it is to be thought that the ambition and stowtnesse that was bred in Lysander proâ—ceded of the LACONICALL discipline and education he had and not so much of his owne nature But in dede of his owne nature he was a right courtier could tell how to entertaine and flatter great states and nobility farre better then the common maner of the natural SPARTANS and moreouer for his priuate benefit he could easily beare with the stowtnes of greater men of authority then him selfe which some iudge to be a great poynt of wisedome to know how to deale in matters of state Aristotle in a place where he sayeth that the greatest wittes commonly are subiect vnto melancholye as Socrates Plato and Hercules were wryteth that Lysander in his later age fell into the melancholy disease but not in his youth He had also this singular gift aboue all other that in his pouerty he alwayes kept that honest modesty with him as he would neuer be ouercome nor corrupted with gold nor siluer and yet be filled his contrie with riches and couetousnes which lost him the reputacion he had wonne bicause him selfe made none accompt of riches nor getting For bringing store of golde and siluer into his contrie after he had ouercomen the ATHENIANS he reserued not vnto him selfe one Drachima only And furthermore when Dionysius the tyran of SYRACVSA had on a time sent goodly riche gownes out of SICILIA to his daughters he refused them saying that he was afrayed such gownes would make them fowler Neuertheless shortly after being sent Ambassador out of his contrie vnto the same tyranne Dionysius sending him two gownes praying him to choose which of the two he would cary to his daughter he answered that she her selfe could best choose which was the fitter and so caried both with him But now to come to his doings in warlike causes the warres of PELOPONNESVS fell out maruelous long For after the ouerthrow of the armie which the ATHENIANS had sent into SICILIA when euery man thought they had vtterly lost all their force by sea and that by all coniecture they shoulde soone after loose all by lande also Alcibiades returning from his exile to deale againe in matters of the state made an exceding great chaunge and alteration For he set the ATHENIANS a flote againe and made them as strong by sea as the LACEDAEMONIANS who thereupon beganne to quake for feare and to looke estsoones for a freshe warre perceiuinge that they stoode in neede of a greater power and of a better Captaine then euer they had before Whereuppon they made Lysander their Admirall who arriuing in the citie of EPHESVS founde them very well affected towardes him and maruelous willing and ready to take the LACEDAEMONIANS parte howbeit otherwise in very poore state and ready almost to take vp all the barbarous maners and facions of the PERSIANS bicause they did continually frequent them being enuironned round about with the contry of LYDIA where the king of PERSIANS Captaines were euer resident Wherefore hauing planted his campe there he brought thither marchauntes shippes out of all partes and sette vp an arsenall or store house to builde gallies in so that in shorte space by oft recourse of marchauntes that beganne to trade thither he quickened their hauens and set vp their staple againe for trafficke of marchaundise and filled euery priuate artificers house with an honest trade to make them riche by so that euer after it grewe in continuall hope to come vnto that florishinge state and greatnes in the which we see it at this present Furthermore Lysander being aduertised that Cyrus one of the great king of PERSIANS sonnes was come vnto the city of SARDIS he went thither to speake with him and to complaine of Tisaphernes who hauing commaundement geuen him from the king to aide the LACEDAEMONIANS and to helpe to expulse the ATHENIANS and to driue them from the sea seemed to deale but coldly and faintly against them for the fauor he bare to Alcibiades For furnishing the LACEDAEMONIANS very scantly with money was an occasion that all their armie by sea went to wracke Cyrus for his owne parte was very glad that he heard complaintes of Tisaphernes and that they spake against him bicause he was an ill man and the rather for that he had him selfe a litle odde grudge to him Wherfore he loued Lysander maruelous well as well for the complaintes he made of Tisaphernes as also for the pleasure he tooke in his companie bicause he was a man that could wonderfully please delite noble men by which meanes hauing wonne the fauor of this young Prince he did perswade and also incorage him to follow this warre And when Lysander was vpon his departure to take his leaue of him Cyrus feasted him and afterwardes prayed him not to refuse the offer of his liberalitie and that was that he would freely aske him what he would assuring him he should not be denied any thing Wherunto Lysander answered him Sithence I see Cyrus you are so willing to pleasant vs I beseeche you and doe also counsell you then to increase the ordinarie pay of our maryners one halfe penny a day to the end that where now they haue but three halfe pence they may thenceforth receaue two pence a day Cyrus was glad to heare Lysanders bounty and the increase that he would make and caused tenne thowsande Darickes to be deliuered him by meane whereof he added to the ordinary pay of the maryners the increase of a halfe penny day This liberality within few dayes after emptied all their enemies gallies of their men For the most parte of their maryners galley men went where they might haue the best paye and such as remained behinde became very dull lasie and seditious dayly troubling their Captaines and gouernors Now though Lysander had
he would rise and put of his cappe to him which he did not vnto many other noble men about him All this notwithstanding Pompey gloried nothing the more in him selfe Wherefore when Sylla would straight haue sent him into GAVLE bicause Metellus that was there was thought to haue done no exployte worthie of so great an armie as he had with him Pompey answered him againe that he thought it no reason to displace an auncient Captaine that was of greater same and experience than him selfe Yet if Metellus of him selfe were contented and would intreate him that he would willingly goe and helpe him to ende this warre Metellus was very glad of it and wrote for him to come Then Pompey entring GAVLE did of him selfe wonderfull exploytes and did so reuiue Metellus olde corage and valliantnes to fight which now beganne to faint like boyling copper that being poored vpon the colde and hard copper doth melt and dissolue it as fast or faster then fire it selfe For like as of a wrestler who hath bene counted very strong and the chiefest in all games hauing euer burne the price away where he hath wrestled they neuer recorde among them his childishe victories and wrestlinges as thinges of no account euen so I am affrayed to speake of the wonderfull deedes that Pompey did in his childhoode bicause they are obscured in respect of the infinite great warres and battells which he had wonne afterwardes For I am affrayed that whilest I should go about particularly to acquaint you with his first beginnings I should too lightly passe ouer his chiefest actes and most notable enterprises which do best declare his naturall disposition and singular wit. Now when Sylla had ouercome all ITALIE and was proclaimed Dictator he did reward all his Lieutenaunts and Captaines that had taken his parte and did aduance them to honorable place dignity in the common wealth frankely graunting them all that they requested of him But for Pompey reuerencing him for his valliantnes thinking that he would be a great stay to him in all his warres he sought by some meanes to allie him to him Metella his wife being of his opinion they both perswaded Pompey to put away his first wife Antistia and to marrie AEmylia the daughter of Metella and of her first husband the which also was an other mans wife and with childe by her husbande These mariages were cruell and tyrannicall fitter for Syllaes time rather then agreable to Pompeys nature and condicion to see AEmylia this new maried wife taken from her lawfull husbande to marrie her great with childe and shamefully to forsake Antistia who not long before had lost her father and for respect of her husbande that did put her away For Antistius was murdered within the very Senate house being suspected to take parte with Sylla for his sonne in lawe Pompeys sake and her mother voluntarily put her selfe to death seeinge her daughter receiued such open wrong By these apparant causes these vnfortunate mariages fell out into a miserable tragedie by meanes of the death of AEmylia who shortly after miserably dyed with childe in Pompeys house Then came newes to Sylla that Perpenna was gotten into SICILE and that he had made all that Ilande at his deuotion as a safe place to receiue all Syllaes enemies that Carbo also kept the sea thereaboutes with a certaine number of shippes that Domitius also was gone into AFRICKE and diuers other noble men that were banished that had scaped his proscriptions and outlawryes were all in those partes Against them was Pompey sent with a great armie Howebeit he no sooner arriued in SICILE but Perpenna left him the whole Ilande and went his way There he fauorably delt with all the cities which before had abidden great trouble and miserie and set them againe at libertie the MAMERTINES only excepted which dwelt in the citie of MESSINA They despising his tribunall and iurisdiction alleaged the auncient order priuiledge of the ROMANES set downe in times past amongest them But Pompey aunswered them in choller what doe ye prattle to vs of your law that haue our swords by our sides It seemeth also that Pompey delt too cruellie with Carbo in his miserie For sith he must needes dye as there was no remedie but he should then it had bene better they had killed him when he was taken For then they would haue imputed it to his malice that so had commaunded it But Pompey after he was taken made him to be brought before him that had bene thrise Consull at ROME to be openly examined and he sitting in his chaire of state or tribunall condemned him to dye in presence of them all to the great offence and misliking of euery one that was present So Pompey bad them take him away and carie him to execution When Carbo came to the scaffold where he should be executed and seeing the sword drawen that should strike of his head he prayed thexecutioners to geue him a litle respit and place to vntrusse a poynt for he had a paine in his bellie Caius Oppius also one of Iulius Caesars frends wryteth that he delt verie cruelly in like maner with Quintus Valerius For Pompey sayd he knowing that he was excellently well learned as any man could be and fewe like vnto him when he was brought vnto him he tooke him a side and walked a fewe turnes about then when he had questioned with him and learned of him what he could he commaunded his gard to carie him away and to dispatche him Howbeit we may not geue too light credit to all that Oppius writeth speaking of Iulius Caesars frendes or foes For Pompey in deede was compelled to make away the greatest personages of Syllaes enemies that fell into his handes being notoriously taken but for the rest all those that he could secretly suffer to steale away he was contented to winke at it and would not vnderstand it and moreouer did helpe some besides to saue them selues Nowe Pompey was determined to haue taken sharpe reuenge of the citie of the HIMERIANS which had stowtly taken the enemies parte But Sthenis one of the Gouernours of the citie crauing audience of Pompey tolde him he should doe them wrong and iniustice if he should pardon him that committed all the fault and should destroy them that had not offended Pompey then asking him what he was that durst take vppon him to father the offence of them all Sthenis aunswered straight that it was him selfe that had perswaded his frendes and compelled his enemies to doe that which they did Pompey being pleased to heare the franke speech boldnes of this man first forgaue him the fault he had committed and consequently all the other HIMERIANS Pompey vnderstanding that his souldiers did kill diuers men in the high wayes he sealed vp all their swordes whose seale soeuer was broken he was well fauoredly punished Pompey being busie about these matters in SICILE
the gate Thereuppon the gates were opened they comming in their gownes went vnto his bed side to see him That selfe day Python Seleucus were appointed by the kings friends to go to the temple of the god Serapis to knowe if they should bringe king Alexander thither The god aunswered them that they should not remoue him from thence The eight and twenty day at night Alexander dyed Thus it is written word for word in manner in the houshold booke of remembrance At that present tyme there was no suspition that he was poysoned Yet they say that six yeares after there appeared some proofe that he was poisoned Whereupon his mother Olympias put many men to death and cast the ashes of Iolas into the wind that was dead before for that it was said he gaue him poyson in his drinke They that thinke it was Aristotle that counselled Antipater to do it by whose meane the poyson was brought they say that Agnothemis reporred it hauing heard it of king Antigonus owne mouth The poyson as some say was cold as Ise and falleth from a rocke in the territory of the citie of NONACRIS it is gathered as they would gather a deawe into the horne of the foote of an asse for there is no other kinde of thinge that wil keepe it it is so extreme cold percing Others defend it say that the report of his poysoning is vntrue for proofe therof they alleage this reason which is of no smal importance that is That the chiefest Capteines fel at great variance after his death so that the corps of Alexander remained many dayes naked without buriall in a whot dry contry yet there neuer appeared any signe or token apon his body that he was poysoned but was still a cleane and faire corps as could be Alexander left Roxane great with childe for the which the MACEDONIANS did her great honor but she did malice Statira extreamely did finely deceiue her by a counterfeat letter she sent as if it had comen from Alexander willing her to come vnto him But when she was come Roxane killed her and her sister and then threw their bodies into a well and filled it vp with earth by Perdiccas helpe and consent Perdiccas came to be king immediatly after Alexanders death by meanes of Aridaeus whom he kept about him for his gard and safety This Aridaeus beeing borne of a common strumpet and common woman called Philinna was halfe lunaticke not by nature nor by chaunce but as it is reported put out of his wits when he was a young towardly boy by drinkes which Olympias caused to be geuen him and thereby continued franticke The end of Alexanders life THE LIFE OF Iulius Caesar. AT what time Sylla was made Lord of all he would haue had Caesar put away his wife Cornelia the daughter of Cinna Dictator but when he saw he could neither with any promise nor threate bring him to it he tooke her ioynter away from him The cause of Caesars ill will vnto Sylla was by meanes of mariage for Marius thelder maried his fathers own sister by whom he had Marius the younger whereby Caesar he were cosin germaines Sylla being troubled in waightie matters putting to death so many of his enemies when he came to be cōqueror he made no reckoning of Caesar but he was not contented to be hidden in safety but came and made sute vnto the people for the Priesthoodshippe that was voyde when he had scant any heare on his face Howbeit he was repulsed by Syllaes meanes that secretly was against him Who when he was determined to haue killed him some of his frendes told him that it was to no purpose to put so young a boy as he to death But Sylla told them againe that they did not consider that there were many Marians in that young boy Caesar vnderstanding that stale out of ROME and hidde him selfe a long time in the contrie of the SABINES wandring still from place to place But one day being caried from house to house he fell into the handes of Syllaes souldiers who searched all those places and tooke them whom they found hidden Caesar bribed the Captaine whose name was Cornelius with two talentes which he gaue him After he had escaped them thus he went vnto the sea side and tooke shippe and sailed into BITHYNIA to goe vnto king Nicomedes When he had bene with him a while he tooke sea againe and was taken by pyrates about the I le of PHARMACVSA for those pyrates kept all vppon that sea coast with a great fleete of shippes and botes They asking him at the first twentie talentes for his ransome Caesar laughed them to scorne as though they knew not what a man they had taken of him selfe promised them fiftie talents Then he sent his men vp and downe to get him this money so that he was left in maner alone among these theeues of the CILICIANS which are the cruellest butchers in the world with one of his frends and two of his slaues only and yet he made so litle reckoning of them that when he was desirous to sleepe he sent vnto them to commaunde them to make no noyse Thus was he eight and thirtie dayes among them not kept as prisoner but rather waited vppon by them as a Prince All this time he woulde boldly exercise him selfe in any sporte or pastime they would goe to And other while also he woulde wryte verses and make orations and call them together to say them before them and if any of them seemed as though they had not vnderstoode him or passed not for them he called them blockeheades and brute beastes and laughing threatned them that he would hang them vp But they were as merie with the matter as could be and tooke all in good parte thinking that this his bold speach came through the simplicity of his youth So when his raunsome was come from the citie of MILETVM they being payed their money and he againe set at libertie he then presently armed and manned out certaine ships out of the hauen of MILETVM to follow those theeues whom he found yet riding at ancker in the same Iland So he tooke the most of them had the spoile of their goods but for their bodies he brought them into the city of PERGAMVM there committed thē to prison whilest he him selfe went to speake with Iunius who had the gouernment of ASIA as vnto whom the execution of these pirats did belong for that he was Praetor of that contrie But this Praetor hauing a great fancie to be fingering of the money bicause there was good store of it answered that he would consider of these prisoners at better leasure Caesar leauing Iunius there returned againe vnto PERGAMVM and there hung vp all these theeues openly vpon a crosse as he had oftentimes promised them in the I le he would doe when they thought he did but ieast
make him repent it if he corrupted the citie of ATHENS in that manner So Harpalus beeing amated therewith left him at that tyme and went vnto them that had taken money of him But shortly after when the ATHENIANS sate in counsell about him he perceiued that those which had taken his money were shronke from him and that they did accuse him where they should haue excused him to bleere the world that men should not suspecte them they had beene corrupted and that Phocion on thother side which had refused his money hauing respect to the common wealth had also some regarde to saue his life he once more attempted all the wayes he could to wynne him Howbeit he found him so constant that no money could cary the man Then Harpalus falling in friendshippe with Charicles Phocions sonne in lawe he made him to be ill spoken of and greatly suspected bicause men sawe that he trusted him in all thinges and employed him in all his affayres As in committing to his trust the making of a sumptuous tombe for Pythonicé the famous Curtisan that was deade whom he loued and by whome he had a Daughter the taking apon him whereof was no lesse shame vnto Charicles then the finishing thereof was disgrace vnto him This tombe is seene vnto this daye in a place called Hermium in the bie waye from ATHENS to ELEVSIN the workemanshippe thereof being nothing like neare the charge of thirtie talents which was reported to bee giuen by Harpalus vnto Charicles for the finishing of the same Furthermore after Harpalus death Charicles and Phocion tooke his Daughter and carefully brought her vppe Afterwardes also Charicles beeing accused for the money he had taken of Harpalus he besought his father in lawe Phocion to helpe to ease him in his iudgement But Phocion flatly denyed him and sayde Charicles I tooke thee for my sonne in lawe in all honest and iust causes onely Furthermore when Asclepiades the sonne of Hipparchus brought the first newes of the deathe of Kinge Alexander Demades the Orator woulde not beleeue him forsayde he if it were true all the earthe woulde smell of the sauour of his corse Phocion then perceyuing the people beganne to bee highe minded and sought innouacion he went about to brydle and pacifie them But when many of the Orators gotte vppe to the pulpitte for orations and cryed out that Asclepiades newes were true of Alexanders deathe well then q Phocion if it bee true to daye it shall be true also to morrowe and the next day after And therefore my Maisters bee not too hasty but thinke of it at better leysure and sette your affayres at a sure staye When Leosthenes also by his practise had brought the citie of ATHENS into the warre called the GREEKES warre and in skorne asked Phocion that was offended at it what good he had done to the common wealth so many yeares together as he had beene Generall ouer the ATHENIANS Phocion aunswered him no small good sayde he for all my contrye men haue beene buryed at home in their owne graues Another tyme Leosthenes speaking prowdely and insolently to the people Phocion one daye sayde vnto him younge man my friende thy wordes are lyke to a Cypres tree which is highe and greate but beareth no frute Then Hyperides rising vppe asked Phocion when wilt thou then counsell the ATHENIANS to make warre when I shall see younge men sayde he not forsake their rancks riche men liberall and Orators leaue to robbe the common wealth When the ATHENIANS wondred to see suche a goodly greate armie as Leosthenes had leauied and that they asked Phocion howe he lyked it A goodly armie q he for a furlonge but I feare their returne and the continuance of this warre for I doe not see the citie able to make any more money mor moe shippes neyther yet any moe souldiers than these The which proued true as it fell out afterwardes For at the first Leosthenes did notable exployts He ouercame the BOEOTIANS in battell and draue Antipater into the citie of LAMIA the which did put the ATHENIANS in suche a hope and iolitie that they made continuall feastes and sacrifices through the citie to thanke the gods for these good newes And there were some amonge them that to take Phocion in a trippe asked him if he did not wish that he had done all those things yes in deede aunswered he I would I had done them but yet I would not haue giuen the counsel to haue done them Another ryme also when letters came dayly one after an other bringing good newes good gods sayde he when shall we leaue to ouercome When Leosthenes was deade in this voyage they that feared Phocion shoulde bee appoynted Captayne in his place and that he woulde pacifie the warre did thrust in a man of meane hauior and vnknowen that sayde in the assemblie he was Phocions friende and schoolefellowe and therefore besought the people that they woulde spare Phocion bicause they had not suche another man as he and that they woulde make Antiphilus Generall of their armie The people were contented withall But then Phocion stoode vppe and sayde that this man was neuer scholler with him neyther did he euer knowe him before that tyme but nowe sayde he from henceforth I will take thee for my friende for thou hast giuen the people the best counsell for me The people notwithstanding determining to make warre with the BOEOTIANS Phocion spake agaynst it all he coulde Thereuppon his friendes bidding him beware of suche speeches howe he did offende the people least they killed him he aunswered them they shall wrongefully put me to death q he speaking for the benefitte of my contrye but otherwise they shall haue reason to doe it if I speake to the contrarye But when he sawe nothing woulde pacifie them and that they went on still with their intent then he commaunded the Herawlde to proclayme by sownde of trompet that all Citizens from fourteene yeares to three score able to cary weapon should presently vppon breaking vp of thassembly arme them selues and followe him with fiue dayes prouision for vittells Then was there greate sturre amonge them in the citie and the olde men came and complayned vnto him for his ouerstraight commaundement He tolde them agayne I doe you no wronge for I am soure shore my selfe and yet will goe with you By this meanes he pacified them at that tyme and quenched their fond desire of warre But when all the sea coast was full of souldiers both of the MACEDONIANS and other straungers which were ledde by Macion their Captaine that landed in the territorie of the village RHAMNVS and spoyled the contry thereaboutes then Phocion ledde the ATHENIANS thither But when he was there diuers taking vpon them the office of a Lieuetenant and going about to counsell him some to lodge his campe vpon such a hill and others to send his horsemen to such a place and others to campe here O Hercules q he how many
withstande it and rather dye then lose my libertie Cassius being bolde and taking holde of this worde why ê™ he what ROMANE is he aliue that will suffer thee to dye for the libertie What knowest thou not that thou art Brutus Thinkest thou that they be cobblers tapsters or suche like base mechanicall people that wryte these billes and scrowles which are founde dayly in thy Praetors chaire and not the noblest men and best citizens that doe it No be thou well assured that of other Praetors they looke for giftes common distribucions amongest the people and for common playes and to see fensers fight at the sharpe to shew the people pastime but at thy handes they specially require as a due det vnto them the taking away of the tyranny being fully bent to suffer any extremity for thy sake so that thou wilt shew thy selfe to be the man thou art taken for and that they hope thou art Thereuppon he kissed Brutus and imbraced him and so each taking leaue of other they went both to speake with their frendes about it Nowe amongest Pompeys frendes there was one called Caius Ligarius who had bene accused vnto Caesar for taking parte with Pompey and Caesar discharged him But Ligarius thanked not Caesar so muche for his discharge as he was offended with him for that he was brought in daunger by his tyrannicall power And therefore in his hearte he was alway his mortall enemie and was besides verie familiar with Brutus who went to see him beinge sicke in his bedde and sayed vnto him O Ligarius in what a time art thou sicke Ligarius risinge vppe in his bedde and taking him by the right hande sayed vnto him Brutus sayed he if thou hast any great enterprise in hande worthie of thy selfe I am whole After that time they beganne to feele all their acquaintaunce whome they trusted and layed their heades together consultinge vppon it and did not onelie picke out their frendes but all those also whome they thought stowt enough to attempt any desperate matter and that were not affrayed to loase their liues For this cause they durst not acquaint Cicero with their conspiracie although he was a man whome they loued dearelie and trusted best for they were affrayed that he being a coward by nature and age also hauing increased his feare he woulde quite turne and alter all their purpose and quenche the heate of their enterprise the which speciallie required hotte and earnest execucion seeking by perswasion to bring all thinges to suche safetie as there should be no perill Brutus also did let other of his frendes alone as Statilius EPICVRIAN and Faonius that made profession to followe Marcus Cato Bicause that hauing cast out wordes a farre of disputing together in Philosophie to feele their mindes Faonius aunswered that ciuill warre was worse then tyrannicall gouernment vsurped against the lawe And Statilius tolde him also that it were an vnwise parte of him to put his life in daunger for a sight of ignoraunt fooles and asses Labeo was present at this talke and maintayned the contrarie against them both But Brutus helde his peace as though it had bene a doubtfull matter and a harde thing to haue decided But afterwardes being out of their companie he made Labeo priuie to his intent who verie readilie offered him selfe to make one And they thought good also to bring in an other Brutus to ioyne with him surnamed Albinus who was no man of his handes him selfe but bicause he was able to bring good force of a great number of slaues and sensers at the sharpe whome he kept to shewe the people pastime with their fighting besides also that Caesar had some trust in him Cassius and Labeo tolde Brutus Albinus of it at the first but he made them no aunswere But when he had spoken with Brutus him selfe alone and that Brutus had tolde him he was the chiefe ringleader of all this conspiracie then he willinglie promised him the best aide he coulde Furthermore the onlie name and great calling of Brutus did bring on the most of them to geue consent to this conspiracie Who hauing neuer taken others together nor taken or geuen any caution or assuraunce nor binding them selues one to an other by any religious others they all kept the matter so secret to them selues and coulde so cunninglie handle it that notwithstanding the goddes did reueale it by manifest signes and tokens from aboue and by predictions of sacrifices yet all this woulde not be beleued Nowe Brutus who knewe verie well that for his sake all the noblest valliantest and most couragious men of ROME did venter their liues waying with him selfe the greatnesse of the daunger when he was out of his house he did so frame and facion his countenaunce and lookes that no man coulde discerne he had any thing to trouble his minde But when night came that he was in his owne house then he was cleane chaunged For either care did wake him against his will when he woulde haue slept or else oftentimes of him selfe he fell into suche deepe thoughtes of this enterprise casting in his minde all the daungers that might happen that his wife lying by him founde that there was some maruelous great matter that troubled his minde not beinge wont to be in that taking and that he coulde not well determine with him selfe His wife Porcia as we haue tolde you before was the daughter of Cato whome Brutus maried being his cosin not a maiden but a younge widowe after the death of her first husbande Bibulus by whome she had also a younge sonne called Bibulus who afterwardes wrote a booke of the actes and ieastes of Brutus extant at this present day This young Ladie being excellentlie well seene in Philosophie louing her husbande well and being of a noble courage as she was also wise bicause she woulde not aske her husbande what he ayled before she had made some proofe by her selfe she tooke a litle rasor suche as barbers occupie to pare mens nayles and causinge all her maydes and women to goe out of her chamber gaue her selfe a greate gashe withall in her thigh that she was straight all of a goare bloode and incontinentlie after a vehement feuer tooke her by reason of the payne of her wounde Then perceiuing her husbande was maruelouslie out of quiet and that he coulde take no rest euen in her greatest payne of all she spake in this sorte vnto him I being O Brutus sayed she the daughter of Cato was maried vnto thee not to be thy beddefellowe and companion in bedde and at borde onelie like a harlot but to be partaker also with thee of thy good and euill fortune Nowe for thy selfe I can finde no cause of faulte in thee touchinge our matche but for my parte howe may I showe my duetie towardes thee and howe muche I woulde doe for thy sake if I can not constantlie beare a secret mischaunce or griefe with thee
whereof Liuie deca 3. lib. 7. Romulus and Remus education Romulus a godly man. Remus taken of Numitors heardmen Gods providence Remus oration declaring the birth of himself his brother Romulus Numitors wisdome Faustulus care to saue Remus Amulius perplexed in his minde Manipulares whereof so called Amulius slayne The building of Rome Asylaus temple a sanctuarie for all banished persones and fugitiues Strife betwixt Romulus and Remus Remonium Rignarium The Romains obserue the flying of vulters Remus slayne by Romulus or Celer Celeres wherfore so called Q. Metellus Celer The world Pomoerium why so called The walles holye The feast day of Romes fouÌ„dation the 21. Aprill The feast Palilia An eclypse of the moone at the laying of the foundatioÌ„ of Rome Varro a philosopher Tarutius a mathematician The hower of a mans natiuitie maye be calculated by his accidents Romulus natiuitie calculated by Tarutius An eclypse of the sunne when Romulus was conceiued in his mothers wombe The Romaine legion 3000 footemen 300 horsemeÌ„ Romulus instituteth a coÌ„mon wealth VVhat the Patricians Senatâ— were Patres Conscripti Patroni Clientes The shame of the Romaines to take gifteâ— of poore men The rauishement of the Sabynes comen Romulus crafte about the rauishement of the Sabynes daughters Consus a god Neptune the god of horsemen The executioÌ„ of the rauishment The number of the Sabyne women rauished Hersilia Romulus wife Romulus first daughter called Prima His sonne was called Aollius Abillius The cause why the Romaines dog synge the name of Talasius in â—â—â—â—ages Talassia Matrimoniall ceremonie at Rome Sextillis August Plutat in his proble Consualia The Sabynes what they were Acron king of the Ceninenses maketh warre with Romulus Acron slaine in the field Romulus triumphe The beginning of triumphe Iupiter Feretrian Spolia opima Three Romaines onely obteined spolia opima Tarquinius Priscus the first that triumphed in charet The citties of Fidena Crustumerium Antemna rose all â—â—gast Romulus The Sabynes led by Tatius went to besiege the cittie of Rome Tarpeia betrayeth the castell and letteth in the Sabynes Antigonus Augustus Caesarâ— words of traytors A fit similitude Note the reward of treason Tarpeia pressed to deathe The place of the fight betwext Romulus Tatius Curtius the Sabyne Curtius Lake The Sabynes geue battell to Romulus Hostilius slayne Romulus hit on the head with a stone Iupiter Stâ—tor A wonderfull boldnes of women The wordes of Hersilia and other Sabyne women vnto both armies Romulus and Tatius imparle together Peace betwene the Romaines and Sabynes Quirites why so called Comitium The Romaine legion 6000. footemen 600 horsemeÌ„ The Romaine tribes Honours geueÌ„ to women Tatius and Romulus palaces The holy cornell tree The Sabynes vsed the Romaines moneths Feasts Matronalia Carmentalia Carmenta Lupercalia The Lupercians doe sacrifice a dogge VVhy the Lupercians roÌ„ne through the cittie naked The Vestall Nunnes and holy fire instituted by Romulus Lituus Romulus Lawes Parricides No parricide knowen in Rome sixe huÌ„dred yeres together Lucius Ostius the first man that slewe his owne father at Rome Ambassadours slaine comming to Rome The death of Tatius in Lauinium ArmilustriuÌ„ The Sabines obedience to Romulus Romulus tooke the cittie of Fidena Plague at Rome It rained bloude at Rome Camerinum taken of Romulus The incredible valiaÌ„tnes of Romulus Romulus â—â—â—â—eth peace with the Veians Prosperitie increase of pryde and stomake Celeres Romulus garde Lictores wherefore so called Romulus conurteth the kingdome of Alba to a comon weale Romulus vanished awaye no man knew howe The 17. daye of Iuly an vnfortunate daye to the 〈…〉 The death Africanus Diuers opinions of Romulus death The goate marshe Iulius Proculus â—â—â— with Romulus after his vanishing Romulus oracle vnto Proculus Romulus called Quirinus and honored as a god Aristeas a Proconnesian taken out of mens fight after bâ—â—us dead Cleomedes Asâ—ypaisis vanished strauÌ„gely out of mens sights being fast locked in a chest Alemenes body vanished out of the beere The soule eternall Heraclitus saying of the soule VVhy Romulus was called Quirinus The bill Quirinus Nonae Capravine The warre of the Latines Posthumius generall Philotia a warning maeydes sodaine deuise Romulus age and reigne By what meanes men are provoked to great anteryriser Plato in Phaèdone Loue the minister of the goddes The office of a prince VVherein Romulus was to be preferred before Theseus Romulus loue to his kyuns Theseus detected for obliuion Theseus detected for his rauishements of women Romulus rauishement of women excused No diuorse made in Rome for 230. yeres space Val. Max. sayeth 520. The first wife put awaye in Rome Theseus mariages cause of warres and troubles Romulus more acceptable to the godds then Theseus Xenophon in lib. de Lacedaemon Rep. Of the Heraclides Pausanias Diodorus and Cleme Strom. lib. 1. Lycurgus kinred A subtill promise Prodicos Regents or protectours of yong Kings in minoritie Charilaus king of the Lacedaemonians Herod lib. 1. Dionysius Halic lib. 2. Lycurgus trauelled countryes Thales a poet harper Lycurgus iorney into Asia The prayse of Homers workes Homers poemes vnknoweÌ„ to the Grecians brought to light by Lycurgus Lycurgus returneth and chaungeth all the coÌ„mon wealth Lycurgus counselleth with the oracle of Apollo as Delphes Chalceoecos Iunos brasen temple Lycurgus instituteth a Senate of the Lacedaemonians Plato de leg 3. 28. were the number of the Senatours Retra of Lycurgus Cnacion st The open seith appointed for place of Counsaill The inflimation of the Ephores Lycurgus wisdome Lycurgus maketh equall diuision of landes vnto the citizens All the lands throughe the countrie of Laconia deuided into 30000. parts All the lands about Sparta into 9000 partes VVhat barley euery parte did yelde Lycurgus chaungeth all golde siluer into iron coyne Lycurgus washe all sellers croftes of an value Câ—thon a strauÌ„ge kinde of cuppe of the Lacedaemonian souldiers Lycurgus appointeth order for dyes vnto the Lacedaemonians Alcander strooke out Lycurgus eye Lycurgus pacience and gentlenes Minerua optiletide Andria and Phiditia meales why so called Children were brought to these meales The propertie of a Lacedaemonian The order of receiuing any man into their company at meales The blacke broth Cicero calleth the King. Dionysius theâ— tyran Tusc. 5. Lycurgus would not haue his lawes written otherwise then in mens myndes Retra for excesse of ryeâ— Epaminondas saying King Leontychidas saying Retra for warres Antalcidar saying The discipline of womeÌ„ amongest the Lacedaemonians Arist. polis lib. 7. cap. 17. The exercises and discipline of maydes The saying of a Latonian woman Men that would not marye Lycurgus repused infamous by lawe Matrimoniall ceremonies in Lacodaemon Holsome rules for maried couples Lycurgus regard to auoyd iealousie in the common wealth No adultrie showen in Sparta The education of children with the Lacedaemonians Lesche Apothetes Young babes washed with wine The Spartan nurces Pluto of the first Alcibiades Howe the Lacedaemonians children were brought vp It is a kinde of thistle in the Mosseâ—d tongueâ— reads Holythias