Sanguine as if they were of bloud alone Wherefore if any Tumors resemble the nature of one simple humor truely they are not of any naturall humor but from some humor which is corrupt vitiated and offending in quality for so bloud by adustion degenerates into choler and melancholy Therefore a true Phlegmon is defined by Galen A tumor against nature of laudable bloud flowing into any part in too great a quantity This tumor though most commonly it be in the flesh yet sometimes it happens in the bones as Hippocrates and Galen witnesse A Phlegmon is made and generated thus when bloud flowes into any part in too great a quantity first the greater veines and arteries of the affected part are filled then the middle lastly the smallest and capillary so from those thus distended the bloud sweats out of the pores and smal passages like dew and with this the void spaces which are between the simular parts are first filled then with the same bloud all the adjacent parts are filled but especially the flesh as that which is most fit to receive defluxions by reason of the spongious rarity of its substance but then the nerves tendons membranes and ligaments are likewise stuffed full whereupon a Tumor must necessarily follow by reason of the repletion which exceeds the bounds of nature and from hence also are tension and resistance and paine also happens at the same time both by reason of the tension and preternaturall heate And there is a manifest pulsation in the part specially whilest it suppurates because the veines arteries and nerves are much pained being they are not onely heated within by the influxe of the fervide humor but pressed without by the adjacent parts Therefore seeing the paine comes to all the foresaid parts because they are too immoderately heated and pressed the arteries which are in the perpetuall motion of their Systole diastole whilest they are dilated strike upon the other inflamed parts whereupon proceeds that beating paine Hereunto adde the Arteries then filled with more copious and hot bloud have greater neede to seeke refrigeration by drawing in the encompassing Aire wherefore they must as of necessitie have a conflict with the neighbouring parts which are swollen and pained Therefore from hence is that pulsation in a Phlegmon which is defined by Galen an agitation of the arteries painefull and sensible to the Patient himselfe for otherwise as long as we are in health we doe not perceive the pulsation of the arteries Wherefore these two causes of pulsation or a pulsiâ—icke paine in a phlegmon are worthy to be observed that is the heate and aboundance of bloud contained in the vessels and arteries which more frequently than their wont incite the arteries to motion that is to their Systole and Diastole and the compression and streightning of the said arteries by reason of the repletion and distention of the adjacent parts by whose occasion the parts afflicted and beaten by the trembling and frequent pulsation of arteries are in paine Hence they commonly say that in the part aflected with a Phlegmon they feele as it were the sense or stroke of a Mallet or Hammer smiting upon it But also besides this pulsation of the arteries there is as it were another pulsation with itching from the humors whilst they putrefie and suppurate by the permixtion motion and agitation of vapours thereupon arising The cause of heate in a Phlegmon is bloud which whilest it flowes more plentifully into the part is as it were troden or thrust downe and causes obstruction from whence necessarily followes alprohibition of transpiration and a putrifaction of the bloud by reason of the preternaturall heate But the Phlegmon lookes red by reason of the bloud contained in it because the humor predominant in the part shines through the skinne CHAP. VIII Of the causes and signes of a Phlegmon THe causes of a Plegmon are of three kindes for some are primitive some antecedent and some conjunct Primitive are falls conâ—usions straines immoderate labour frictions application of acrid ointments burnings long staying or labouring in the hot Sun a diet unconsiderate and which breeds much bloud The antecedent causes are the great abundance of bloud too plentifully flowing in the veines The conjunct the collection or gathering together of bloud impact in any part The signes of a Plegmon are swelling tension resistance feaverish heate paine pulsation especially while it suppurates rednesse and others by which the abundance of bloud is signified And a little Phlegmon is often terminated by resolution but a great one by suppuration and sometimes it ends in a Scyrrhus or a Tumor like a Scyrrhus but otherwhiles in a Gangren that is when the facultie and native strength of the part affected is overwhelmed by the greatnesse of the deflxion as it is reported by Galen The Chirurgion ought to consider all these things that he may apply and vary such medicines as are convenient for the nature of the Patient and for the time and condition of the part affected CHAP. IX Of the cure of a true Phlegmon THe Chirurgion in the cure of a true Phlegmon must propose to himselfe foure intentions The first of Diet This because the Plegmon is a hot affect and causes a feaver must be ordained of refrigerative and humecting things with the convenient use of the sixe thingsnot naturall that is aire meat and drinke motion and rest sleepe and waking repletion and inanition and lastly the passions of the minde Therefore let him make choise of that aire which is pure and cleere not too moist for feare of defluxion but somewhat coole let him command meates which are moderately coole and moist shunning such as generate bloud too plentifully such will be brothes not to fat seasoned with a little Borage Lettuce Sorrell and Succory let him be forbidden the use of all spices and also of Garlicke and Onions and all things which heate the bloud as are all fatty and sweet things as those which easily take fire Let the Patient drinke small wine and much alaied with water or if the feaver be vehement the water of the decoction of Licoris Barly and sweet almonds or water and sugar alwayes having regard to the strength age and custome of the Patient For if he be of that age or have so led his life that he cannot want the use of wine let him use it but altogether moderately Rest must be commanded for all bodies waxe hot by motion but let him chiefely have a care that hee doe not exercise the part possessed by the plegmon for feare of a new defluxion Let his sleepe be moderate neither if he have a full body let him sleepe by day specially presently aâ—er meate Let him have his belly soluble if not by nature then by art as by the frequent use of glisters and suppositories Let him avoid all vehement perturbations of minde as hate anger brawling let him wholly abstaine from
of the Stone chollicke How a hot distemper causeth the Cholicke The folding of the guts the cause of the collick A history Signs whereby we know that the collicâ— proceeds from this or that cause Avicen li. 3. Hip. aphor 10. sect 4. The cure Baths and anodine fomentations An oyntment Why glysters in the colâ—ick must be given in lesse quantity Specifick medicines The cure of a cholerick collick The force of quicksilver in the unfolding of the guts A history What Phlebotoâ—ie is Theâ—… Replâ—tion twofold The signes 〈◊〉 scopes in letting blood From whom we must not draw blood When and for what it is necessary 13. meth cap. ulâ— How to place the patient Rubbing the arme Binding it before we open the veine Why the basilica median may not be opened so safely as the cephalick The bindingup after blood-letting The use of cupping-glasses Lib. 2. cap. 1. The use of Leaches How to apply them How to cause them to fall off What it is Particular gouts Lib. 12. Cap. 12. The resemblance of the Goat to the Epilepsie The strange variety of the Gout Lib. 3. sect 22. tract 2. cap. 3. Lib. de ther. ad Pisonem c. 15. The matter of the gout partakes of occult malignity A historie A terrible fit How an Epileptick fit differs from the gout The first primitive cause of the gout Lib. de aëre loc aqua Lib. 1. cap. 17. Li. 3. feu 22. tract 2. cap. 5. Another primitive cause of the gout Aph. 29. Sect. 6. The antecedent cause of the gout The conjunct Five causes of the paine of the gout What and how the matter of the gout comes downe from the braine Gout by congestion When the gout which proceeds from the default of the liver assimulates the nature of an oedema Why the gout seldome proceeds from melancholy The gout frequent in the Spring Fall What gout uncurable Galâ—und aphor 49. Sect. 〈◊〉 Why the Sciatica causeth lamenesse Three causes of the lamenesse or decay of the limoes How the gout turnes into the palsie Why the gout takes one in winter and the midst of summer Why such as have the gout upon them doe oft-times desire Venery Venery hurtfull in the gout Aph. 30. Sect. 6. Two generall scopes of cuting the gout Whence bloud must be let in the gout What gouty persons find no benefit by phlebotomy In what gout diet proves more effectuall than medicinâ—s Aphor. 55. Sect. 6. To what gout vomiting is to be used What time the â—ittest therefore A history How to make one vomit easily Lib. deâ—rat victis How Diureticks are good for the gout Issues or â—onâ—anels Where to be made An actuall cautery Pills Common pills with the addition of scamony Treacle how usefull in the gout Cephalick fumigation Cephalicke bagges A masticatory The fault of the first concoction is not amended in the alter Capons subject to the Gout Cholericke person cannot away with long fasting Phlegmaticke bodies infasting feed upon themselves White wine not good for the gout Claret may be the safelier drunke Hydromâ— most safely A 〈◊〉 ‑ 〈◊〉 Aâ—…â—tation to strengthen the joints The juice of hawes with oxycrate Bagges The scopes of curing Repercussives not to be used in the sciÌ„atica The palliative cure performed by foure scopes An argument taken from that which helpeth or giveth ease is not alwaies certaine How cold diseases may be helped by cold and hot by hot medicines The first thing that may deceive a Physician The second The third The fourth The third The sixâ— Why strong purges must bee given to such as have the gout That judgement most certain which rests upon multiplicity of signes Why we must use purging and bleeding in the gout Lib. de affect ubi de Arthriâ— loquitur Adâ—ph 23. sect 1. Lib. decur per 〈◊〉 missionem It is not safe to use repercussives in the gout before purging An astringent Cataplasme A discussing fomentation One partly astringent and partly discussing Why the gouty humour doth not presently vanish upon the use of repercussivâ—s Greater discussers A Cataplasune good for any gout at any time Discussing emplasters Ointments Discussing fomentations Remedies must be often changed in the gout A great discusser An anodine A vesicatory against the contumacy of the conjunct matter What repercussives are here required An excellent astringent cataplasme Lib. 22. cap. 25. Phlebotomy to evacuate the conjunct matter and asswage paine What repercussives are here required A cerate with opium â—he water of Snailes A historiâ— A particular sâ—ove An ointment of the juice of Dane-wurt When to use narcoticks A cataplasme with opium How to amend the harm done by narcoticks Dicussers A meane to be used in discussing Bathes asswage the paine of the gout How meats of grosse juice are profitable A historie 〈…〉 pâ—â—p 10. sect 5. Divers râ—â—edies or paine arising from a cold distemper without matter A fuliginous vapour sometimes the cause of the gout How to strengthen the joints Remedies for the weaknesse left in the joints after the paine is gone The benefit of a dog-skinne stocking Whence the tophi are generated The unfit application of discussive re percussive medicines cause the tophi Mollifying medicines Lib. 10. simp c. 7 sc 22. lib. 3. tract 2. cap. 21. An effectuall â—umigation In what joints flatulencies are chiesly generated Signes of flatulencies How flatulencies may make you beleeve there is pâ—s or matter Why hard to cure Why it hath the most grievous symptomes The cause of the large spreading of the paine The thighbone often dislocated by the Sciatica Why we must open a veine in the Sciatica When the vena ischiadica and sapheia must be opened in the sciatica Strong purgations in the sciaâ—ica Blacke bryony discusseth A strong vesicatory The inner rinde of Travellers-joy a vesicatory Aph. ult sect 6. Lib. 4. cap. 22. The use of cauteries in the sciatica What the Crâ—mp is The cause thereof Who subject thereto The cure What the Lues venerea is What hurt it doth to the body The Leprosie sometimes the off-spring of the Lues veneâ—ea The Lues venerea the scourge of whoremongers Venereall Bubo's returning in again occasion the Lues venerea The Lues venerea may be got by the only communication of vapour How nurses may infect children and they their nurses A historie Why the paine is worse upon the night than on the day This disease sometimes lyes long hid in the body before it shew it selfe The most certaine signes of the Lues venerea Two other causes of the excesse of paine in the night The signes of a curable Lues Venerea The signes of an uncurable one How these pains differ from those of the gout The Lues venerea bcomes more gentle than formerly it was Why the decoction of Guajacum is not sufficient to impugne the disease Hydrargyrum is sufficient to overcome the disease The faculty The parts The hot and fiery faculty of the barke The proportion of the Guajacum to the water Why
which it somewhat resembles in the compasse and forme of the tumor or else because it most commonly breeds in the Glandules or Emunctories of mans body The Nodus or knot is a round tumor hard and immoveable named from a rope tied on a knot Guido Cauliacensis affirmes knots commonly to grow in nervous bodies but at this time they more usually arise on the bones of such as have the French disease CHAP. XX. Of the cure of Lupiae that is Wens or Ganglions A Wen or Ganglion is a tumor sometimes hard sometimes soft yet alwayes round using to breed in dry hard and nervous parts And seeing that some of the tumors mentioned before in the former Chapter sticke immoveable to the part to which they grow because they are contained in no cyste or bag othersome are moved up and down by the touch of your fingers because they are contained in a bag or bladder it commonly comes to passe that Wens have their bladder wherein to containe them and therefore we thinke fit the rather more freely and particularly to treate of their cure because they are more difficultly cured especially where they are inveterate and of long standing The primitiue causes of these are dull blowes fallings from high places straines and other such like occasions But the antecedent and conjunct causes are the same with those of an Atheroma Meliceris and Steatoma The description formerly set downe will furnish you with the signes by which you may know when they are present certainely from very small beginnings they grow by little and little to a great bignesse in the space of sixe or seaven yeares some of them yeeld much to the touch and almost all of them are without paine You may hinder such as are beginning and first growing from encrease by some-what a strong and frequent rubbing with your fingers For so their bagge or bladder together with the skinne waxe thin and the contained humor growes hot is attenuated and resolved But if so you nothing prevaile you must lie upon them with your whole hand or a flatted peece of wood as heavy as you can untill such time as the cyste or bagge be broken by your impression Then apply and strongly binde unto it a plate of lead rubbed over with Quick-silver for I have many times found by experience that it hath a wonderfull force to resolve and waste the subject humor But if the Wen be in such a place in which you can make no strong impression as in the face chest belly and throat let there be applied an Emplaister which hath a resolving force such as this following hath ℞ gummi ammon bdelij galban an ℥ iij liquefiant in aceto traijciantur per setaceum addendo olei liliorum lauri an ℥ j anʒss let them be all incorporated together and make an Emplaister according to Art But if the tumor cannot be thus resolved it must be opened with a knife or cautery And after the Eschar is removed and the bagge waisted by Aegyptiacum Mercury and the like the ulcer must be cleansed replenished with flesh and cicatrized Sometimes Wens grow to so great a masse that they cannot be cured by the described remedies wherefore they must be taken away by the roote by your hand and instrument if so be that there be no danger by reason of their greatnesse and so that they adhere not too closely to the adjacent parts and if they be not too nigh to the greater veines and arteries for it will be better in such a cause to let them alone This shal be your way to cut thē off or take them away A smal incision must be made even to the bladder or bag by which thrust in a probe of a fingers thicknes hollowed in the midst round at the end and as long as neede shall require then draw it many times about betweene the skinne and the bagge even to theroote of the Wen that so the skinne may be devided long wayes then it will be requisite to make another incision overthwarte so that they may intersect each other like a crosse then presently draw the skinne from the bladder from the corners of the Wen towards the roote and that with your finger covered with a fine linnen cloath or else with a Razor if neede require But you must observe that in a Wen there are alwayes certaine vessels which are small in the beginning but much encreased in processe of time according to the encrease of the Wen whereof they are as it were the rootes wherefore if any Haemorrhagie or fluxe of bloud happen let it be stopped by binding the vessels at their heads and roots or make a strait ligature at the roots of the Wen with a peece of whipcord or with a manytimes doubled thred and let the ends hang forth untill it fall away of its owne accord Neither will it be sufficient to have cut away all this tumor but also it will be fit to cut away portion of the skinne wherewith the tumor was covered and onely to leave so much as shall suffice to cover the part then with a needle and threed draw together the lips of the incision but in the interim let tents be put into the bottome of the ulcer untill it be perfectly clensed and the rest of the cure be workemanlike performed even to the cicatrizing thereof The Chirurgion Collo and I using this method in the presence of Master Dr. Violanius the Kings Physition tooke away a Wen from Martiall Colard the Major of Burbon it hanged at his necke as bigge as a mans head and it weighed eight pounds which made it so troublesome and burdensome to him that he was forced to carry it bound up in a towell as in a scrip Verily if these kinde of tumors have a slender roote and broade top they must be straitly tied and so cut off But it is very difficult and full of dangerous chance to take away such Wens as are seated in the necke neareunto the Iugular veines these under the armeholes in the groines and such as are under the ham by reason of the deadly force of such symptomes as may thence arise We can onely conjecture not certainely say what kind of matter may be contained in them We can onely know of what sort it is when by incision it is presented to our sight Yet in such as are very hard and doe much resist the touch there are often found matters which in consistence may be resembled to little stones or pebles I being on a time called to open the body of a great Lady found in one of her breasts a body which might equall the bignesse of an Hens egge hard and compact like a rough peble it was held whilst she lived both by the Physitions and Chirurgions to be a Cancer because this hardnesse was very painefull to her when it was but gently pressed downe But also some few
length of the production that so with a sharpe knife we may divide the processe of the Peritonaeum according to that cavity separated from the guts there contained by the benefit of the Cane in a right line not hurting the guts When you have made an indifferent incision the guts must gently be put up into the belly with your fingers and then so much of the cut Peritonaeum must be sowed up as shall seeme sufficient that by that passage made more straight nothing may fall into the Codde after it is cicatrized But if there be such abundance of excrements hardned either by the stay or heate of inflammation that that incision is not sufficient to force the excrements into their place the incision must be made longer your Cane being thrust up towards the belly so that it may be sufficient for the free regresse of the guts into the belly Then sow it up as is fit and the way will be shut up against the falling downe of the guts or kall the processe of the Peritonaeum being made more straight by reason of the future for the rest the wound shall be cured according to Art But before you undertake this worke consider diligenly whether the strength of the Patient be sufficient neither attempt any thing before you have foretold and declared the danger to the Patients friends CHAP. XVI Of the golden Ligature or the Punctus Aureus as they call it IF the Rupture will not be cured by all these meanes by reason of the great solution of the continuity of the relaxt or broken Peritonaeum and the Patient by the consent of his friends there present is ready to undergoe the danger in hope of recovery the cure shall be attempted by that which they call the Punctus Aureus or Golden tie For which purpose a Chirurgion which hath a skilfull and sure hand is to be imploied He shall make an incision about the share bone into which he shall thrust a Probe like to the Cane a little before described and thrust it long wayes under the processe of the Peritonaeum and by lifting it up separate it from the the adjoining fibrous and nervous bodies to which it adheres then presently draw aside the spermatique vessels with the Cremaster or hanging muscle of the testicle which being done he shall draw aside the processe it selfe alone by it selfe And he shall take as much thereof as is too lax with small and gentle mullets perforated in the middest and shall with a needle having five or sixe threeds thrust it through as neere as hee can to the spermaticke vessels and cremaster muscles But the needle also must be drawne againe into the middest of the remnant of the processe taking up with it the lipps of the wound then the threed must be tied on a strait knot and so much thereof must be left after the section as may be sufficient to hang out of the wound This threed will of it selfe be dissolved by little and little by putrefaction neither must it be drawne out before that nature shall regenerate and restore flesh into the place of the ligature otherwise all our labour shall be spent in vaine And lastly let the wound be clensed filled with fiesh and cicatrized whose callous hardnesse may withstand the falling of the gut or kall There are some Chirurgians who would performe this golden Ligature after anoothe manner They cut the skinne above the share-bone where the falling downe commonly is even to the processe of the Peritonaeum and they wrap once or twice about it being uncovered a small golden wyre and onely straiten the passage as much as may suffice to amend the loosenesse of this processe leaving the spermatique vessels at liberty Then they twist the ends of the wyre twice or thrice with small mullets and cut off the remnant thereof that which remaines after the cutting they turne in least with the sharpnesse it should prick the flesh growing upon it Then leaving the golden wyre there they cure the wound like to other simple wounds and they keepe the Patient some fifteene or twenty day in his bed with his knees some thing higher and his head some thing lower Many are healed by this meanes others have fallen againe into the disease by reason of the ill twisting of the wire A. Shewes a croked needle having an eye not farre from the point through which you may put the golden wyre B. B The golden wyre put through the eye of the needle C. The mullets or Pincers to cut away the wast or superfluous ends of the wyre D. The springe of the mullets E The mullets to twist the ends of the wyre together Another more easie and safe way to restore the Gut and Kall THeodoricke and Guido have invented another way of performing this operation They put backe into their places the Gut and Kall being fallen downe the Patient being so placed that his thighs are high and his head is somewhat low then they draw aside the lower portion of the production of the Peritonaeum and also the spermaticke vessels and cremaster muscle to the Ischium then by applying a causticke fitted to the age and disease they burne the other part of the processe directly perpendicular to the share-bone where the Gut did fall downe Then they pull off the eschar thus made with a knife even to the quicke then they apply another causticke in the same place which may go even to the bone then procure the falling of this Eschar made on the foresaid processe And afterwards they heale the ulcer which remaines which presently contracting somewhat a thicke Callus so keeps up the Guts and Kall that it bindes them from falling down into the Cod. This way of restoring the Gut and Kall though it be safer and more facile yet the Chirurgion must not attempt it if the Guts or Kall sticke so fast agglutinated to the processe of the Peritonaeum that they cannot be severed nor put backe into their places for from the guts so burnt and violated greater mischiefe would ensue if by the broken and too much dilated processe the bodies thereby restrained make an exceeding great tumor by their falling downe if the testicle yet lying in the groine as in a Bubonocele a kinde of Enterocele being not yet descended into the Scrotum or Codde if the Patients be not come to such age as they can keepe themselves from stirring or hold their excrements whiles the operation is performed CHAP. XVII Of the cure of other kinds of Ruptures EPiplocele is the falling downe of the Kall into the Groine or Codde it hath the same causes as an Enterocele The signes have beene explained It is not so dangerous nor infers a consequence of so many evill symptomes as the Enterocele doth yet the cure is the same with the other Hydrocele is a waterish tumor in the Codde which is gathered by little and little betweene the membranes encompassing the testicles especially the
Dartos and Erythroides it may be called a particular dropsie for it proceeds from the same causes but chiefely from the defect of native heate The signes are a tumor encreasing slowly without much paine heavy and almost of a glassie clearenesse which you may perceive by holding a candle on the other side by pressing the Codde above the water flowes downe and by pressing it below it rises upwards unlesse peradventure in too great a quantity it fills up the whole capacity of the Codde yet it can never be forced or put up into the belly as the Kall or Guts may for oft times it is contained in a Cyste or bagge it is distinguished from a Saycocele by the smoothnesse and equality thereof The cure must first be tried with resolving drying and discussing medicines repeated often before and in the Chapter of the Dropsie this which followes I have often tried and with good successe â„ž Vng. comitissa desiccat rub an â„¥ ij malaxentur simul and make a medicine for your ease The water by this kinde of remedy is digested and resolved or rather dried up especially if it be not in too great quantity But if the swelling by reason of the great quantity of water will not yeeld to those remedies there is neede of Chirurgery the Cod and membranes wherein the water is contained must be thrust through with a Seton that is with a large three square pointed needle thred with a skeane of silke you must thrust your needle presently through the holes of the mullets made for that purpose not touching the substance of the Testicles The skean of thred must be left there or removed twise or thrise a day that the humor may drop downe and be evacuated by little and little But if the paine be more vehement by reason of the Seton and inflammation come upon it it must be taken away and neglecting the proper cure of the disease we must resist the symptomes Some Practitioners use not a Seton but with a Razor or incision knife they open the lower part of the Cod making an incision some halfe fingers breadth long penetrating even to the contained water alwayes leaving untouched the substance of the Testicles and vessels and they keepe the wound open untill all the water seemes evacuated truly by this onely way the cure of a watery rupture whose matter is contained in a Cyste is safe and to be expected as wee have said in our Treatise of Tumors in generall The Pneumatocele is a flatulent tumor in the Codde generated by the imbecility of heate residing in the part It is knowne by the roundnesse lenity renitencie and shining It is cured by prescribing a convenient diet by the application of medicines which resolve and discusse flatulencies as the seeds of Annis Fennell Faenugreeke Agnus Castus Rue Origanum other things set downe by Avicen in his Treatise of Ruptures I have often used with good successe for this purpose Emplastrum Vigonis cum mercurio and Emplastrum Diacalcitheos dissolved in some good wine as Muscadine with oyle of Bayes A Sarcocele is a tumor against nature which is generated about the stones by a schyrrhus flesh Grosse and viscide humors breed such kind of flesh which the part could not overcome and assimulate to it selfe whence this over-abundance of flesh proceeds like as Warts doe Varices or swollen veines often associate this tumor and it increases with paine It is knowne by the hardnesse asperitie inequality and roughnesse It cannot be cured but by amputation or cutting it away but you must diligently observe that the flesh be not growne too high and have already seazed upon the Groine for so nothing can be attempted without the danger of life But if any may thinke that he in such a case may somewhat ease the patient by the cutting away of some portion of this same soft flesh he is deceived For a Fungt will grow if the least portion thereof be but left being an evill fure worse than the former but if the tumor be either small or indifferent the Chirurgion taking the whole tumor that is the testicle tumefied through the whole substance with the processe encompassing it and adhering thereto on every side and make an incision in the Codde even to the tumor then separate all the tumid body that is the testicle from the Codde then let him thrust a needle with a strong threed in it through the middest of the processe above the region of the swolne testicle and then presently let him thrust it the second time through the same part of the processe then shall both the ends of the threed be tied on a knot the other middle portion of the Peritonaeum being comprehended in the same knot This being done he must cut away the whole processe with the testicle comprehended therein But the ends of the threed with which the upper part of the processe was bound must be suffered to hang some length out of the wound or incision of the Codde Then a repercussive medicine shall be applied to the wound and the neighbouring parts with a convenient ligature And the cure must be performed as we have formely mentioned The Cirsocele is a tumor of veines dilated and woven with a various and mutuall implication about the testicle and codde and swelling with a grosse and melancholy bloud The causes are the same as those of the Varices But the signes are manifest To heale this tumor you must make an incision in the codde the bredth of two fingers to the Varix Then you must put under the varicous veine a needle having a double threed in it as high as you can that you may binde the rootes thereof then let the needle be againe put after the same manner about the lower part of the same veine leaving the space of two fingers betweene the Ligatures But before you binde the thread of this lowest Ligature the Varix must bee opened in the middest almost after the same manner as you open a veine in the arme to let bloud That so this grosse blood causing a tumor in the Cod may be evacuated as is usually done in the Cure of the varices The wound that remaines shall be cured by the rules of Art after the manner of other wounds Leaving the threads in it which will presently fall away of themselves To conclude then it being growne callous especially in the upper part thereof where the veine was bound it must be Cicatrized for so afterwards the bloud cannot be strained or run that way Hernia Humoralis is a tumor generated by the confused mixture of many humors in the Cod or betweene the tunicles which involue the testicles often also in the proper substance of the testicles It hath like causes signes and cure as other tumors While the cure is in hand rest trusses and fit rowlers to sustaine and beare up the testicles are to be used CHAP. XVIII Of the falling
bee the forme of an emollient and humecting Bath â„ž Fol. Malvae Bis Malvae Pariet ana M. vj. Seminis Lini foenug ana lb. ss Coquantur in Aqua communi addendo Olei Lillior lb. viij Make a Bath Into which let the patient enter when it is warme When he shall come forth of the Bath let him be dried with warme Clothes or rest in his bed avoyding sweat But if the patient be able to undergoe the charge it will be good to ordaine a Bath of Milk or Oyle alone or of them equally mixt together CHAP. XI Of the cure of a Convulsion by sympathy and paine A Convulsion which is caused both by consent of paine and Communication of the affect is cured by remedies which are contrary to the dolorifique cause For thus if it proceede from a puncture or venemous bite the wound must be dilated and inlarged by cutting the skin that so the venenate matter may flow forth more freely for which purpose also Medicines which are of a thin and liquid consistence but of a drying and digestive faculty shall be powred in to call forth dissolve the virulency as Treacle Mithridate dissolved in Aqua vitae with a little of some Mercuriall powder for this is a noble Antidote Also cupping glasses and scarrifications will be good Lastly the condition of all dolorifique causes shall bee oppugned by the opposition of contrary remedies as if paine by reason of a pricked Nerve or Tendon shall cause a Convulsion it must presently be resisted by proper remedies as Oyle of Turpentine of Euphorbium mixt with Aqua vitae and also with other remedies appropriated to punctures of the Nerves If the paine proceede from excesse of cold because cold is hurtfull to the Braine the Spinall marrow and Nerves the patient shall bee placed in a hot aire such as that of a Hot-house or Stoave all the Spine of his back and Convulsed parts must be annoynted with the hot Liniments above mentioned For that is much better than suddenly to expose him from the conceaved convulcifique cause to a most hot fire or warme Bath In the meane time the Chirurgion must take diligent heede that as soone as the signes of the Convulsion to come or already present or at hand doe shew themselves that he put a sticke betweene the patients teeth least they bee fast locked by the pertinacious contraction of the Iawes for many in such a case have bit off their tongues for which purpose he shall bee provided of an instrument called Speculum Oris which may be dilated and contracted according to your mind by the meanes of a screw as the figures underneath demonstrate the one presenting it open and somewhat twined up and the other as it is shut The Figure of a Speculum Oris to open the teeth when they are locked or held fast together CHAP. XII Of the Palsie THe Palsie is the resolving or mollification of the Nerves with privation of sense and motion not truly of the whole body but of the one part therof as of the right or left side And such is properly named the Palsie for otherwise and lesse properly the resolution of some one member is also called the Palsie For when the whole body is resolved it is an Apoplexy Therfore the Palsie sometimes takes halfe the body otherwhiles the uper parts which are betweene the navell and the head otherwhiles the lower which are from the navell to the feet somtimes the tongue gullet bladder yard eyes and lastly any of the panicles of the body It differs from a Convulsion in its whole nature For in a Convulsion there is a contention and contraction of the part but in this a resolving and relaxation thereof besides it commonly happeneth that the sense is either abolished or very dull which usually remaines perfect in a Convulsion There are some which have a pricking and as it were great paine in the part The causes are internall or externall the internall are humors obstructing one of the ventricles of the braine or one side of the spinall marrow so that the Animall faculty the worker of sense and motion cannot by the Nerves come to the part to performe its action The external causes are a fall blow and the like injuries by which oft times the joynts are dislocated the spinall marrow wrested aside and constrictions and compressions of the Vertebrae arise which are causes that the Animall spirit cannot come to the Organes in its whole substance But it is easy by skill in Anatomy perfectly to understand by the resolved part the seat of the morbifique cause for when there is a Palsie properly so called that is when the right or left side is wholly feized upon then you may know that the obstruction is in the braine or spinall marrow but if the parts of the head being untoucht either of the sides being wholly resolved the fault remaines in the Originall of the spinall marrow if the armes bee taken with this disease we may certainly think that the matter of the disease lies hid in the 5. 6. and 7. Vertebra of the neck But if the lower members languish we must judge the Paralitick cause to be contained in the Vertebra of the loynes and holy bone Which thing the Chirurgion must diligently observe that he may alwaies have recourse to the originall of the disease The Palsie which proceedes from a Nerve cut or exceedingly bruised is incurable because the way to the part by that meanes is shut against the Animall spirit Old men scarce or never recover of the palsie because their native heat is languid and they are oppressed with abundance of excrementitious humors neither doth an inveterat palsie which hath long possest the part neither that which succeeds an Apoplexy yeeldus any better hope of cure It is good for a feaver to come upon a Palsie for it makes the dissipation of the resoloving and relaxing humor to be hoped for When the member affected with the palsie is much wasted and the opposite on the contrary much encreased in quantity heat and colour it is ill For this is a signe of the extreame weakenesse of the afflicted part which suffers it selfe to be defrauded of its nourishment all the provision flowing to the sound or opposite side CHAP. XIII Of the cure of the Palsie IN the cure of the Palsie we must not attempt any thing unlesse we have first used generall remedies diet and purging all which care lyeth upon the learned and prudent Physition The Decoction of Guaiacum is very fit for this purpose for it procures sweat and attenuates digests and drieth up all the humidity which relaxeth the nerves but when sweat doth not flow it shall not be unprofitable to put about the resolved members bricks heated red hot in the fire and quenchedin a decoction of Wine Vineger and resolving herbs or also stone bottles or Oxe and Swines bladders halfe filled with
Convulsion and the sound by a Palsie otherwhiles both of them by a convulsion or Palsie and somewhiles the one of them by a convulsion or Palsie the other being free from both affects the causes of all which belong not to this place to explaine Thus much Dalechampius CHAP. XII A Conclusion of the deadly signes in the Wounds of the head NOw that we may returne to our former discourse you may certainely foretell the patient will dye when his reason and judgement being perverted hee shall talke idly when his memory failes him when he cannot governe his tongue when his sight growes darke and dimme his eares deafe when he would cast himselfe headlong from his bed or else lyes therein without any motion when he hath a continnuall feaver with a delirium when the tongue breakes out in pustles when it is chopt and become blacke by reason of too much drynesse when the wound growes dry and casts forth little or no matter when as the colour of the wound which was formerly fresh is now become like salted flesh yellow and pale when the Vrine and other excrements are supprest when the Palsie convulsion apoplexie and lastly often sowning with a small and unequall pulse invade him All such signes sometimes appeare presently after the wound otherwhiles some few dayes after therefore when as the braine is hurt and wounded by the violence of the incision or fissure of the contusion compression puncture concussion or any other fracture the forementioned signes appeare presently in the first dayes but when they doe not appeare till many dayes after the blow you may know that they rise and appeare by reason of an inflammation and phlegmon in the braine occasioned by the putrefaction of the blood poured forth upon it But we must observe this by the way which also belongs to the prognostickes that flesh is easily regenerated and restored in all parts of the head except in that part of the forehead which is a little above that which lyes betweene the eye-browes so that it will be ulcerated ever after and must be covered with a plaister I beleeve that in that place there is an internall cavity in the bone full of ayre which goes to the sive-like bones of the nose by which the growth of flesh may be hindered or else that the bone is very dense or compact in that place so that there can scarse sufficient juice sweat forth which may suffise for the regeneration of flesh adde hereunto a great confluxe of excrements flowing to this ulcer which should otherwise bee evacuated by the eyes and nose which hinder by that meanes the drynesse of the ulcer and consequently the healing thereof Hence certainely it comes to passe that if you desire the patient thus affected to breathe shutting his mouth and nose the ayre or breath will come forth of the ulcer with such force as it will easily blow forth a lighted candle of an indifferent bignesse held thereto Which thing I protest I observed in a certaine man whom I was forced to trepan in that place by reason the bone of the forehead was broken and depressed CHAP. XIII Of salutarie signes in wounds of the head BVt on the contrary these are salutary signes when the patient hath no feaver is in his right minde is well at the application or taking of any thing sleepes well hath his belly soluble the wound lookes with a fresh and lively colour casts forth digested and laudible matter the Crassa Meniux hath its motion free and no way hindered Yet we must note which also is observed by the Ancients and confirmed by experience that we must thinke none past danger and free from all chance untill the hundreth day be past Wherefore the Physitian ought so long to have a care of his patient that is to consider how he behaves and governes himselfe in meate drinke sleepe venerie and other things But let the Patient diligently avoyd and shunne cold for many when they have beene cured of wounds of the head by carelesse taking cold have beene brought into danger of their lives Also you must know that the Callus whereby the bones of the scull are knit together requires almost the space of fortie or fifty dayes to its perfect coagmentation and concretion Though in very deed one cannot set downe a certaine number of dayes by reason of the variety of bodies or tempers For it is sooner finished in young men and more slowly in old And thus much may serve for prognostickes Now will we treat as breefely and perspicuously as we can of the cure both in generall and particular wherefore beginning with the generall we will first prescribe a convenient diet by the moderate use of the sixe things not naturall CHAP. XIIII Of the generall cure of a broken scull and of the Symptomes usually happening thereupon THe first cure must bee to keepe the patient in a temperate aire and if so bee that it bee not such of it selfe and its owne proper nature it must be corrected by Art As in winter he must have a cleare fire made in his chamber lest the smoake cause sneesing and other accidents and the windowes and doores must be kept shut to hinder the approach of the cold ayre and winde All the time the wound is kept open to bee drest some body standing by shall hold a chafendish full of coales or a heated Iron barre over the wound at such a distance that a moderate heate may passe thence to the wound and the frigidity of the encompassing ayre may be corrected by the breathing of the diffused heate For cold according to the opinion of Hippocrates is an enemie to the Braine Bones Nerves and spinall marrow it is also hurtfull to ulcers by suppressing their excrements which supprest doe not onely hinder suppuration but also by corrosion makes them sinuous Therefore Galen rightly admonisheth us to keep cold from the braine not only in the time of Trepaning but also afterwards For there can no greater nor more certaine harme befall the fractured scull than by admitting the aire by such as are unskilfull For if the ayre should be hotter than the braine then it could not thence be refrigerated but if the braine should be layd open to the ayre in the midst of Summer when it is at the hottest yet would it be refrigerated and unlesse it were releeved with hot things take harme this is the opinion of Galen whereby you may understand that many who have their sculls broken dye more through default of skill in the curing than by the greatnesse of the fracture But when the wound is bound up with the pledgets clothes and rowlers as is fit if the ayre chance to be more hot than the patient can well endure let it be amended by sprinkling and strawing the chamber with cold water oxycrate the branches of Willowes and Vine Neither is it sufficient to shunne the too cold ayre unlesse also you
easily and without harme But if by these meanes the putrifaction be not restrained and the tumor bee encreased so much that the Dura Mater rising farre above the scull remaines unmoveable blacke and dry and the patients eyes looke fiery stand forth of his head and rowle up and downe with unquietnesse and a phrensie and these so many ill accidents be not sugitive but constant then know that death is at hand both by reason of the corruption of the gangraene of a noble part as also by extinction of the natiue heate CHAP. XXII Of the cure of the Braine being shaken or moved WEe have formerly declared the causes signes and symptomes of the concussion or shaking of the Braine without any wound of the musculous skinne or fracture of the bone wherefore for the present I will treate of the cure Therefore in this case for that there is feare that some vessell is broken under the scull it is fit presently to open the cephalicke veine And let bloud bee plentifully taken according to the strength of the patient as also respectively to the disease both which is present and like to ensue taking the advice of a Physition Then when you have shaven away the haire you shall apply to the whole head and often renue the forementioned cataplasme Ex farinis aleâ— rosaceâ— oxymelite and other like cold and moyst repelling medicines But you must eschew dry and too astringent medicines must bee shunned such as are Vnguentum de bolo and the like for they obstruct too vehemently and hinder the passage sorth of the vapours both by the sutures and the hidden pores of the scull Wherefore they doe not onely not hinder the inflammation but fetch it when it is absent or encrease it when present The belly shall bee loosed with a glister and the acride vapours drawne from the head for which purpose also it will bee good to make frictions from above downewards to make straight ligatures on the extreame parts to fasten large cupping-glasses with much flame to the shoulders and the originall of the spinall marrow that so the revulsion of the blood running violently upwards to the braine and ready to cause a phlegmon may be the greater The following day it will be convenient to open the Vena Puppis which is seated upon the Lambdall suture by reason of the community it hath with the veines of the braine and shutting the mouth and nose to strive powerfully to breathe For thus the membranes swell up and the blood gathered betweene them and the scull is thrust forth but not that which is shut up in the braine and membranes of which if there be any great quantity the case is almost desperate unlesse nature assisted with stronger force cast it forth turned into Pus But also after a few dayes the vena frontis or forehead veine may be opened as also the Temporall Arteriâ—s and Veines under the tongue that the conjunct matter may bee drawne forth by so many open passages In the meane spare the Patient must keepe a spare diet and abstaine from wine especially untill the fourteenth day for that untill that time the fearefull symptomes commonly reigne But repelling medicines must be used untill the fourteenth day be past then we must come to discussing medicines beginning with the more milde such as is this following decoction â„ž rad Alth. â„¥ vj. ireos cyperi calami arom an â„¥ ij fol. salviae Majoran betonic flor chamaem meâ—il ros rub sâ—oechad an M. ss salis com â„¥ iij bulliant omnia simul secundum artem cum vino rub aqua fabrorum fiat decictio Let the head bee washed therewith twise a day with a spunge But yet when you doe this see that the head bee not to much heated by such a fomentation or any such like thing for feare of paine and inflammation Then you shall apply the cerate of Vigo which hath power to discusse indifferently to dry and draw forth the humors which are under the scull and by its aromaticke force and power to confirme and strengthen the braine it is thus described â„ž Furfuris bene triturati â„¥ iij. farin lentium â„¥ ij ros myrtillor foliorum granorum ejus an â„¥ j. calâ—m aromat â„¥ iss chamaemel melil an M. ss nuces cupresâ—â— num vj. olei rosacei chamaem an â„¥ iij. ceraealbae â„¥ iiss thuris mastichis an Ê’iij myrrhaeÊ’ij Inpulverem quae redigi debent redactis liquefactis oleis cum cera omnis misceantur simul fiat mixtura quae erit inter formam emplastri ceroti Vigo saith that one of the Duke of Vrbins Gentlemen found the virtue hereof to his great good Hee fell from his horse with his head downewards upon hard Marble he lay as if hee had beene dead the blood gusht out of his nose mouth and eares and all his face was swollen and of a livide colour hee remained dumbe twenty dayes taking no meat but dissolved gellies and Chicken and Capon broths with sugar yet he recovered but lost his memorie and saultered in his speech all his life after To which purpose is that Aphorisme of Hippocrates Those which have their Braine shaken by what cause soever must of necessity become dumbe yea also as Galen observes in his commentary loose both their sense and motion That Cerat is not of small efficacie but of marvellous and admirable force which could hinder the generating of an abscesse which was incident to the braine by reason of the fall Yet there be many men so farre from yeelding to reason that they stifly denie that any impostumation can be in the braine and augmenting this errour with another they deny that any who have a portion of the braine cut off can recover or rise againe but the authority of ancient writers and experience doe abundantly refell the vanitie of the reasons whereon they relye Now for the first in the opinion of Hippocrates If those which have great paine in their heads have either pus water or blood flowing from their Nose mouth or eares it helpes their disease But Galen Rhasis and Avicen affirme that Sanies generated in the braine disburdens its selfe by the nose mouth or eares and I my selfe have observed many who had the like happen to them I was told by Prethais Coulen Chirurgion to Monsieur de Langey that he saw a certaine young man in the towne of Mans who often used to ring a great bell hee once hanging in sport upon the rope was snatch up therewith and fell with his head full upon the pavement he lay mute was depriyed of his senses and understanding and was besides hard bound in his belly Wherefore presently a feaver and delirium with other horrid symptomes assayled him for he was not Trepaned because there appeared no signe of fracture in the scull on the seaventh day hee fell into a great sweate with often sneesing by the violence whereof a
great quantity of matter and Pus flowed forth of his eares mouth and nose then hee was eased of all his symptomes and recovered his health Now for the second Galen affirmes that he saw a Boy in Smirna of Ionia that recovered of a great wound of the braine but yet such an one as did not penetrate to any of the ventricles But Guido of Caulias saith he saw one which lived and recovered after a great portion of the braine fell out by reason of a wound received on the hind part of his head In the yeare of our Lord 1538. while I was Chirurgion to the Marshall of Montejan at Turin I had one of his Pages in cure who playing at quoites received a wound with a stone upon the right Bregnia with a fracture and so great an effracture of the bone that the quantity of halfe a hasell Nut of the braine came forth thereat Which I observing presently pronounced the wound to bee deadly a Physition which was present contradicted my opinion affirming that substance was no portion of the braine but a certaine fatty body But I with reason and experience in presence of a great company of Gentlemen convinced the pertinacie of the Man with reason for that fat cannot be generated under the scull for although the parts there contained be cold yet because they are heated by the abundance of the most hot and subtle animall spirits and the heate of vapours rising thither from all the body they doe not suffer fat to concreate about them But with experience for that in the dissecting of dead bodies there was never any fat observed there besides also fat will swimme on the top of water but this substance as marrowie cast into the water presently sunke to the bottome Lastly fat put to the fire becomes liquide and melts but this substance being layd upon a hot Iron became dry shrunke up and contracted it selfe like a peece of leather but dissolved not at all Wherefore all those which were present cryed out that my judgement was right of that substance that came forth of the scull Yet though it was cut away Page recovered perfectly but that he continued deafe all his life after CHAP. XXIII Of the wounds of the face HAving treated of the wonnds of the head by their causes signes and cure it followes that we now speake of the wounds of the face if but for this that when they are carelessely handled they leave deformed scarres in the most specious and beautifull part of the body The causes are the same which are incident to the scull that is externall But this may bee added to the kindes and differences of the wounds that the life may be out of danger though any one whole part of the face as the eare eye nose lippe may bee cut away by a wound but not so in the head or scull Wherefore beginning at the wounds of the eye browes wee will prosecute in order the wounds of the other parts of the face This is chiefely to bee observed in wounds of the eye-browes that they are oft times cut so overtwhart that the muscles and fleshy pannicle which moove and lift them up are wholy rent and torne In which case the eye liddes cannot be opened and the eyes remaine covered and as it were shut up in the cases of their lids so that even after the agglutination of the wound if the patient would looke upon any thing he is forc'd to hold up the eye-lids with his hand with which insirmity I have seene many troubled yet oft times not so much by the violence of the wound as by the unskilfulnesse of the Chirurgion who cured them that is by the negligent application of boulsters an unfit ligature and more unfit suture In this case the skilfull Chirurgion which is called to the patient shall cut off as much of the skinne and fleshy pannicle as shall serve the eyelids that so they may by their owne strength holde and keepe open without the helpe of the hand then he shall sow the wound as is fit with such a stitch as the Furriers and Glovers use and then he shall poure thereon some of the balsome of my description and shall lay such a medicine to the neighbouring parts R Olei rosar â„¥ ss album oâ—â—r nu ij anÊ’j agitentur simul fiat medicamentum Then let the part be bound with a fitting ligature Afterwards you shall use Emplast degratia Dei Empl. de Betonica Diacalcitheos or some other like untill the wound be cicatrized But such like and all other wounds of the face may be easily healed unlesse they either bee associated with some maligne symptomes or the patient body be repleate with ill humors There sometimes happens a quite contrary accident in wounds of the eye-browes that is when the eye-lids stand so up that the patient is forc'd to sleepe with his eyes open wherefore those which are so aflected are called by the Greeks Lagophthalâ—i The cause of this affect is often internall as a carbuncle or other kinde of abscesse as a blow or stroake It shall be cured by a crooked or semicircular incision made above the eye-liddes but so that the extreames of the semicircle bend downewards that they may be pressed downe and ioyned as much as is needefull to amend the stifnesse of the eye-lidde But you must not violate the gristle with your Instrument for so they could no more be lifted up the residue of the cure must bee performed as is fit CHAP. XXIIII Of the wounds of the eyes WOunds of the eyes are made by the violence of things prickings cutting bruising or otherwise loosing the continuity But the cure must alwayes be varied according to the variety of the causes and differences The first head of the cure is that if any strange and heterogeneous body shall be fallen into the eyes let it be taken forth as soone as you can lifting and turning up the eyelid with the end of a spatula But if you cannot discerne this moate or little body then put three or foure seedes of Clary or Oculus Christi into the pained eye For these seedes are thought to have a faculty to clense the eyes and take out the moats which are not fastned deepe in nor doe too stubbornely adhere to the membranes For in this case you shall use this following instrument for heerewith wee open the eye-lids the further putting it betweene them and the eye and also keepe the eye steddy by gently pressing it that so with our mullets wee may pull out the extraneous body this is the figure of such an Instrument The deliniation of a Speculum oculi fit to dilate and hold asunder the eye-lids and keepe the eye steddy it is so made that it may be dilated and contracted according to the greatnesse of the eyes All strange bodies taken out let this medicine be put into the eye Take the straines of a dozen egges let them be beaten
why wounds of the Chest doe every day heape up and poure forth so great a quantity of matter seemes to be their vicinity to the heart which being the fountaine of blood there is a perpetuall effluxe ther eof from thence to the part affected For this is natures care in preserving the affected parts that continually and aboundantly without measure or meane it sends all its supplyes that is blood and spirits to the ayde Ad hereto that the affected parts by paine heate and continuall motion of the Lungs and midriffe draw and allure much blood to themselves Such like blood defiled by the malignity and filth of the wound is speedily corrupted whence it is that from the perpetuall affluxe of blood there is a continuall effluxe of matter or filth which at the last brings a man to a consumption because the ulcerated partlike a ravenous wolfe consumes more blood by the paine heate and motion than can be ministred thereto by the heart Yet if there bee any hope to cure and heale the Fistula it shall bee performed after the use of diet phlebotomie and according to the prescript of the Physition by a vulnerary potion which you shall finde described when we treate of the Caries or rottennesse of the bones Wherefore you shall make frequent injections therewith into the Fistula adding and mixing with it syruput de rosts ficcis and mel rosarum Neither doc I if the putrefaction bee great feare to mixe therewith Aegyptiacum But you must have a care to remember and observe the quantity of the injected liquor that you may know whether it all come forth againe after it hath performed its detergent office For if any thereof remaine behinde in the corners and crooked passages it hurts the part as corrupted with the contagion thereof The for me of a Syring fit to make injection when a great quantity of liquor is to be injected into any part After the injected liquor is come forth a pipe of gold silver or lead shall bee put into the fistulous ulcer and it must have many holes in it that so the filth may passe forth at them it must be fast tyed with strings that it may not fall into the capacity of the Chest A great spunge steeped in aqua vita and wrung forth againe shall bee layd hot to the end or orifice thereof both to hinder the entrance of theayre into the Fistulous ulcer as also to draw forth the filth thereof by its gentle heate the which thing the Patient shall much further if often times both day and night hee hold his breath stopping his mouth and nose and lying upon the diseased side that so the Sanies may bee the more forcibly evacuated neither must wee leave putting in the pipe before that this fistulous ulcer shall bee almost dry that is whole as when it yeelds little or no matter at all then it must be cicatrized But if the orifice of this fistulous ulcer being in the upper part hinder the healing thereof then by a chirurgicall Section a passage shall be made in the bottome as we sayd before in an Empyema The delineation of the pipes with their strings and spunges The reader must note that the pipes which are fit for this use neede not have so many holes as these here exprest but onely two or three in their ends for the flesh growing and getting into the rest make them that they cannot be plucked forth without much paine A wound made in the Lungs admits cure unlesse it bee very large if it bee without inflammation if it bee on the skirts of the Lungs and not on their upper parts if the patient containe himselfe from coughing much and contentious speaking and great breathing for the wound is enlarged by coughing and thence also arises inflammation the Pus and Sanies whereof whilst the lungs againe endeavour to expell by coughing by which meanes they are onely able to expell that which is hurtfull and troublesome to them the ulcer is dilated the inflammation augmented the Patient wastes away and the disease becomes incureable There have beene many Eclegma's described by Physitions for to clense the ulcer which when the patient useth he shall lye on his backe to keepe them long in his mouth so to relaxe the muscles of the Larinx for thus the medicine will fall by little and little alongst the coates of the Weazon for if it should fall downe in great quantity it would be in danger to cause coughing Cowes Asses or Goates milke with a little honey least they should corrupt in the stomacke are very fit remedies for this purpose but womans milke exceedes the rest But Sugar of Roses is to be preferred before all other medicines in the opinion of Avicen for that it hath a detergent and also an astrictive and strengthening faculty than which nothing is more to bee desired in curing of ulcers When you shall thinke it time to agglutinate the clensed ulcer you must command the patient to use emplasticke austere and asttringent medicines such as are Terra sigillata bolus armenus hypocystis plantaine knot-grasse Sumach acacia and the like which the patient shall use in hisbrothes and Eclegma's mixing therewith honey of roses which serving for a vehicle to the rest may carry away the impacted filth which hinders agglutination But seeing an hecticke feaver easily follows upon these kindes of wounds and also upon the affects of the Chest and lungs it will not be amisse to set downe somewhat concerning the cure thereof that so the Chirurgion may know to administer some helpe to his patient whilst a Physition is sent for to overcome this disease with more powerfull and certaine remedies CHAP. XXXII Of the differences causes signes and cure of an Hecticke feaver A Hecticke feaver is so called either for that it is stubborne and hard to eure and loose as things which have contracted a habite for Hexis in Greeke signifies a habite or else for that it seazes upon the solide parts of our bodies called by the Greekes Hexeis both which the Latine word Habitus doth signifie There are three kindes or rather degreees of this feaver The first is when the hecticke heate consumes the humidity of the solide parts The second is when it feeds upon the fleshy substance The third and uncureable is when it destroyes the solide parts themselves For thus the flame of a lampe first wastes the oyle then the proper moysture of the weeke Which being done there is no hope of lighting it againe what store of oyle soever you poure upon it This feaver very seldome breeds of its selfe but commonly followes after some other Wherefore the causes of a hecticke feaver are sharpe and burning feavers not well cured especially if their heate were not repressed with cooling epithemes applyed to the heart and Hypochondria If cold water was not fitly drunke If may also succeede a Diary feaver which hath bin caused and
begun by some long great and vehement or anger or some too violent labour which any of a slender and dry body hath performed in the hot sunne It is also oft time caused by an ulcer or inflammation of the Lungs an empyema of the Chest by any great and long continuing Phlegmon of the liver stomacke mesentery wombe kidneyes Bladder of the guts Iejunam and Colon and also of the other Guts of if the Phlegmon succeed some long Diarrhoea Lienteria or bloody flix whence a consumption of the whole body and at last a hecticke feaver the heate becomming more acride the moysture of the body being consumed This kinde of feaver as it is most easely to bee knowne so is it most difficulty to cure the pulse in this feaver is hard by reason of the drynesse of the Artery which is a solide part and it is weake by reason of the debility of the vitall faculty the substance of the heart being assaulted But it is little and frequent because of the distemper and heate of the heart which for that it cannot by reason of its weakenesse cause a great pulse to coole its selfe it labours by the oftennesse to supply that defect But for the pulse it is a proper signe of this feaver that one or two houres after meate the pulse feeles stronger than usuall and then also there is a more acride heate over all the patients body The heate of this flame lasts untill the nourishment bee distributed over all the patients body in which time the drynesse of the heart in some sort tempered and recreated by the appulse of moyst nourishment the heate increases no otherwise than lime which a little before seemed cold to the touch but sprinkled and moystned with water growes so hot as it smoakes and boyled up At other times there is a perpetuall equallity of heate and pulse in smallnesse faintnesse obscurity frequency and hardnesse without any excerbation so that the patient cannot thinke himselfe to have a feaver yea hee cannot complaine of any thing hee feeles no no paine which is another proper signe of an hecticke feaver The cause that the heate doth not shew its selfe is it doth not possesse the surface of the body that is the spirits and humours but lyes as buried in the earthy grossenesse of the solide parts Yet if you hold your hand somewhat you shall at length perceive the heate more acride and biting the way being opened thereto by the skinne rarifyed by the gentle touch of the warme and temperate hand Wherefore if at any time in these kinde of feavers the Patient feele any paine and perceive himselfe troubled with an inequality and excesse of heate it is a signe that the hecticke feaver is not simple but conjoyned with a putride feaver which causeth such inequality as the heate doth more or lesse seace upon matter subjecte to putrefaction for a hecticke feaver of its selfe is void of all equality unlesse it proceede from some externall cause as from meate Certainely if an Hippocratique face may be found in any disease it may in this by reason of the colliquation or wasting away the triple substance In the cure of this disease you must diligently observe with what affects it is entangled and whence it was caused Wherefore first you must know whether this feaver be a disease or else a symptome For if it be symptom aticall it cannot be cured as long as the disease the cause thereof remaines uncured as if an ulcer of the guts occasioned by a bloody flixe shall have caused it or else a fistulous ulcer in the Chest caused by some wound received on that part it will never admit of cure unlesse first the fistulous or dysenterick ulcer shall be cured because the disease feedes the symptomes as the cause the effect But if it be a simple and essentiall hecticke feaver for that it hath its essence consisting in an hot and dry distemper which is not fixed in the humors but in the solide parts all the counsell of the Physition must be to renue the body but not to purge it for onely the humors require purging and not the defaults of the solide parts Therefore the solide parts must bee refrigerated and humected which wee may doe by medicines taken inwardly and applyed out-wardly The things which may with good successe bee taken inwardly into the body for this purpose are medicinall nourishments For hence we shall finde more certaine and manifest good than from altering medicines that is wholly refrigerating and humecting without any manner of nourishment For by reason of that portion fit for nutriment which is therewith mixed they are drawne and carried more powerfully to the parts and also converted into their substance whereby it comes to passe that they doe not humect and coole them lightly and superficially like the medicines which have onely power to alter and change the body but they carry their qualities more throughly even into the innermost substance Of these things some are herbes as violets purssaine buglosse endive ducks-meat or water lentill mallowes especially when the belly shall be bound Some are fruits as gourds cowcumbers apples prunes raisons sweete almonds and fresh or new pine-apple kernells In the number of seedes are the foure greater and lesser cold seedes and these new for their native humidity the seedes of poppyes berberries quinces The floures of buglosse violets water lillies are also convenient of all these things let broth be made with a chicken to bee taken in the morning for eight or nine dayes after the first concoction For meates in the beginning of the disease when the faculties are not too much debilitated hee shall use such as nourish much and long though of hard digestion such as the extreame parts of beasts as the feete of Calves Hoggs feete not salted the flesh of a Tortois which hath lived so long in a garden as may suffice to digest the excrementitious humidity the flesh of white Snailes and such as have beene gathered in a vineyard of frogs river Crabs Eeles taken in cleere waters and welcooked hard egges eaten with the juice of Sorrell without spices Whitings and stockfish For al such things because they have a tough and glutiuons juice are easily put gluti nated to the parts of our body neither are they so easily dissipated by the feaverish heat But when the patient languisheth of a long hectick he must feede upon meats of easiy digestion and these boyled rather than roasted for boyled meats humect more and roasted more easily turne into choler Wherefore hee may use to eate Veale Kid Capon Pullet boyled with refrigerating and humecting hearbes hee may also use Barly creames Almond milkes as also bread crummed and moystened with rose water and boyled in a decoction of the foure cold seedes with sugar of roses for such a Panada cooles the liver and the habite of the whole body and nourisheth withall The Testicles wings
white and become smooth or plaine For so their eating and spreading force will at length be bridled and laudible flesh grow up in place of that which is eaten After such burning it will be good to wash the mouth with the following gargarisme which also of its selfe alone will serve to cure Aphtha's which are not maligne â„ž hordei integri p. j. plantag ceterach pilosellae agrimonia an M. j. fiat decoctio ad lb. j. in qua dissolve mellis rosati â„¥ j. diamoron â„¥ ss fiat gargarisma You may also make other gargles of Pomegranate pills Balausties Sumach Berberies red roses being boyled and dissolving in the strayned liquor Diamoroâ— and Dianucum with a little Alume For Galen writes that simple Vlcers of the mouth are healed with things which dry with moderation now Diamoron and Dianucum are such But others stand in neede of strong medicines with such like If the palate be seazed upon we must use the more diligence and care for there is danger least being the part is hot and moyst the bone which lyes under which is rare and humide may bee corrupted by the contagion and fall away and the voyce or speech be spoyled If the Vlcer be pockie omitting the common remedyes of Vlcers you must speedily beâ—ake your selfe to the proper antidote of that disease to wit quick-silver Fistulous Vlcers often take hold on the Gummes whence the roote of the next tooth becomes rotten and so farre that the acrimonie of the Sanies oft times makes its selfe a passage forth on the outside under the chinne which thing puts many into a false conceite of the scrophulae or Kings evill and consequently of an uncurable disease In such a case Aetius and Celsus counsell is to take out the rotten tooth for so the Fistula will be taken away the Gum pressing and thrusting its selfe into the place of the tooth which was taken forth and so the cause nourishing the putrefaction being taken away that is the tooth the rest of the cure will be more easy The Vlcers of the tongue may be cured by the same remedies by which the rest of the mouth yet those which breede on the side thereof endure very long and you must looke whether or no there be not some sharpe tooth over against it which will not suffer the Vlcer in that place to heale which if there be then must you take it away with a file CHAP. XVI Of the Vlcers of the Eares VLcers are bred in the auditory passage both by an externall cause as a stroake or fall as also by an internall as an abscesse there generated They oft times flow with much matter not there generated for such Vlcers are usually but small and besides in a spermaticke part but for that the braine doth that way disburden its selfe For the cure the cheefe regard must be had of the antecedent cause which feedes the Vlcer and it must be diverted by purging medicines Masticatories and Errhines This is the forme of a Masticatory rum Mastic Ê’j staphisagr pyreth an ℈ j. cinam caryoph an Ê’ss fiant Masticatoria utatur manè vesperi But this is the forme of an Errhine rum succi betonic mercurial melissa an â„¥ ss vini albi â„¥ j misce frequenter naribus attrahatur For topicke medicines we must shunne all fatty and oyly things as Galen sets downe in Method medendi where he findes fault with a certaine follower of Thessalus who by using Tetrapharmacum made the Vlcer in the eare grow each day more filthy than other which Galen healed with the Trochisces of Andronius dissolved in Vinegar whose composure is as followeth rum balaust Ê’ij alumin. Ê’j atrament sutor Ê’ij myrrhae Ê’j thur aristoloch gallarum an Ê’ij salis Ammon Ê’j excipiantur omnia melicrato â—…t trochisci Galen in the same place witnesseth that he hath healed inveterate Vlcers and of two yeares old of this kind with the scailes of Iron made into powder and then boyled in sharpe Vinegar untill it acquired the consistence of Honey Moreover an Oxes gall dissolved in strong Vinegar and dropped in warme amends and dryes up the putrefaction wherewith these Vlcers flow Also the scailes of Iron made into powder boyled in sharpe Vinegar dryed and strewed upon them But if the straitnesse of the passages should not give leave to the matter contained in the windings of the eares to passe forth then must it bee drawne out with an Instrument thereupon called a Pyoulcos or matter-drawer whereof this is the figure The figure of a Pyoulcos or matter-drawer CHAP. XVII Of the Vlcers of the Windpipe Weason stomacke and Gutts THese parts are ulcerated either by an externall cause as an acride medicine or poyson swallowed downe or by an internall cause as a maligne fretting humor which may equall the force of poyson generated in the body and restrained in these parts If the paine be encreased by swallowing or breathing it is the signe of an Vlcer in the weazon or windepipe joyning thereto But the paine is most sensibly felt when as that which is swallowed is either soure or acride or the ayre breathed in is more hot or cold than ordinary But if the cause of paine lye fastened in the stomacke more greevous symptomes urge for sometimes they swound have a nauseous disposition and vomiting convulsions gnawings and paine almost intollerable and the coldnesse of the extreame parts all which when present at once few scape unlesse such as are young and have very strong bodyes The same affect may befall the whole stomacke but because both for the bitternesse of paine and greatnesse of danger that Vlcer is farre more greevous which takes hold of the mouth of the Ventricle honoured by the Ancients with the name of the heart therefore Physitions doe not make so great a reckoning of that which happens in the lower part of the stomacke Now we know that the Guts are ulcerated if Pus or much purulent matter come forth by stoole if blood come that way with much griping for by the Pus staying and as it were gathered together in that place there is as it were a certaine continuall Tenesmus or desire to goe to stoole Now all such Vlcers are cured by meates and drinkes rather than by medicines according to Galen Therefore you must make choyse of all such meates and drinkes as are gentle and have a lenitive faculty shunning acride things for Tutia Lytharge Ceruse Verdigreece and the like have no place heere as they have in other Vlcers But when as the Vlcer shall be in the Gullet or Weazon you must have a care that such things may have some viscidity or toughnesse and be swallowed by little and little and at diverse times otherwise they will not mâ—â—h availe because they cannot make any stay in these commune wayes of breath and meat therefore they presently slip downe and flow away
and is complicated in its selfe Vlcers of the bladder are healed with the same medicines as those of the reines are but these not onely taken by the mouth but also injected by the urinary passage These injections may be made of Gordonius his Trochisces formerly prescribed being dissolved in some convenient liquor but because Vlcers of the bladder cause greater and more sharpe paine than those of the Kidnyes therefore the Chirurgion must bee more diligent in using Anodynes For this purpose I have often by experience found that the oyle of hen-bane made by expression gives certaine helpe Hee shall doe the same with Caraplasmes and liniments applyed to the parts about the Pecten and all the lower belly and perinaeum as also by casting in of Glisters If that they stinke it will not be amisse to make injection of a little Aegyptiacum dissolved in wine plaintaine or rose water For I have often used this remedy in such a case with very prosperous successe CHAP. XIX Of the Vlcers of the wombe VLcers are bred in the wombe either by the confluxe of an acride or biting humor fretting the coates thereof or by a tumor against nature degenerating into an Absesse or by a difficult and hard labour they are knowne by paine at the perinaeum and the effluxe of Pus and Sanâ—es by the privity All of them in the opinion of Avicen are either putride when as the Sanies breaking forth is of a stinking smell and in colour resembles the water wherein flesh hath beene washed or else sordide when as they flow with many virulent and crude humors or else are eating or spreading Vlcers when as they cast forth blacke Sanies and have pulsation joyned with much paine Besides they differ amongst themselves in site for either they possesse the necke and are known by the sight by putting in a speculum or else are in the bottome and are manifested by the condition of the more liquid and serous excrements and the site of the paine They are cured with the same remedies wherewith the ulcers of the mouth to wit with aqua fortis the oyle of Vitrioll and antimony and other things made somewhat more milde and corrected with that moderation that the ulcerated parts of the wombe may bee safely touched with them it is requisite that the remedies which are applyed to the Vlcers of the wombe doe in a moment that which is expected of them for they cannot long adhere or sticke in the wombe as neither to the mouth Galen saith that very drying medicines are exceeding fit for the Vlcers of the wombe that so the putrefaction may be hindred or restrained whereto this part as being hot and moyst is very subject besides that the whole body unto this part as unto a sinke sends downe its excrements If an ulcer take hold of the bottome of the wombe it shall be cleansed and the part also strengthened by making this following injection â„ž hordei integri p. ij guajaci â„¥ j. rad Ireos â„¥ ss absinth plant centaur utriusque an M. j fiat decoct in aqua fabrorum ad lb. ij in quibus dissolve mellis vosati syrupi de absinthio an â„¥ iij. fiat injectio For amending the stinking smell I have often had certaine experience of this ensuing remedy â„ž vinirub lb. j. unguent agyptiaci â„¥ ij bulliant parum Thus the putrifaction may be corrected and the painefull maliciousnesse of the humor abated Vlcers when they are clensed must presently be cicatrized that may be done with Alume water the water of plantaine wherein a little vitrioll or Alume have beene dissolved Lastly if remedies nothing availing the Vlcer turne into a Cancer it must be dressed with anodynes and remedies proper for a Cancer which you may finde set downe in the proper treatise of Cancers The cure of Vlcers of the fundament was to bee joyned to the cure of these of the wombe but I have thought good to referre it to the treatise of Fistula's as I doe the cure of these of the vrinary passage to the Treatise of the Lues venerea CHAP. XX. Of the Varices and their cure by cutting AVarix is the dilatation of a Veine some whiles of one and that a simple branch otherwhiles of many Every Varix is either straight or crooked and as it were infolded into certaine windings within its selfe Many parts of the body are subject to Varices as the temples the region of the belly under the Navill the testicles wombe fundament but principally the thighes and legges The matter of them is usually melancholy blood for Varices often grow in men of a malancholy temper and which usually feed on grosse meates or such as breed grosse and melancholy humors Also women with child are commonly troubled with them by reason of the heaping together of their suppressed menstruall evacuation The precedent causes are a vehement concussion of the body leaping running a painefull journey on foote a fall the carrying of a heavy burden torture or Racking This kind of disease gives manifest signes thereof by the largenesse thicknesse swelling and colour of the Veines It is best not to meddle with such as are inveterate for of such being cured there is to be feared a refluxe of the melancholy blood to the noble parts whence there may be imminent danger of maligne Vlcers a Cancer Madnesse or suffocation When as many Varices and diversly implicite are in the legges they often swell with congealed and dryed blood and cause paine which is increased by going and compression Such like Varices are to be opened by dividing the veine with a Lancet and then the blood must be pressed out and evacuated by pressing it upwards and downewards which I have oft times done and that with happy successe to the patients whom I have made to rest for some few dayes and have applyed convenient medicines A Varix is often cut in the inside of the legge a little below the knee in which place commonly the originall thereof is seene He which goes about to intercept a Varix downewards from the first originall and as it were fountaine thereof makes the cure far more difficult For hence it is divided as it were into many rivelets all which the Chirurgion is forced to follow A Varix is therefore cut or taken away so to intercept the passage of the blood and humors mixed together therewith flowing to an Vlcer seated beneath or else least that by the too great quantitie of blood the vessell should be broken and death bee occasioned by a haemorrhagie proceeding from thence Now this is the manner of cutting it Let the patient lye upon his backe on a bench or table then make a ligature upon the legge in two places the distance of some foure fingers each from other wherein the excision may be made for so the Veine will swell up and come more in sight and besides you may also
vessels cast it forth that cure is not unprofitable which having used medicines respecting the whole body applyes astringent medicines to the shaved crown as Empl. contra rupturam which may streighten the veines and as it were suspend the phlegme useth cupping and commands frictions to bee made towards the hinde part of the head and lastly maketh a Seton in the necke There are some who cauterize the toppe of the crowne with a hot iron even to the bone so that it may cast a scaile thus to divert and stay the defluxion For locall medicines a Collyrium made with a good quantity of rosewater with a little vitrioll dissolved therein may serve for all CHAP. XII Of the Ophthalmia or inflammation of the Eyes AN Ophthalmia is an inflammation of the coate Adnata and consequently of the whole eye being troublesome by the heate rednesse beating renitency and lastly paine It hath its originall either by some primitive cause or occasion as a fall stroake dust or small sand flying into the eyes For the eye is a smooth part so that it is easily offended by rough things as saith Hippocrates lib. de carnibus Or by an antecedent cause as a defluxion falling upon the eyes The signes follow the nature of the materiall cause for from blood especially cholerike and thin it is full of heat rednesse and paine from the same allayed with phlegme all of them are more remisse But if a heavinesse possess the whole head the original of the disease proceeds therfrom But if a hot pain trouble the forehead the disease may be thought to proceed from some hot distemper of the Dura water or the pericranium but if in the very time of the raging of the disease the patient vomit the matter of the disease proceeds from the stomacke But from whence soever it commeth there is scarce that paine of any part of the body which may be compared to the paine of the inflamed eyes Verily the greatnesse of the inflammation hath forced the eyes out of their orbe and broken them asunder in divers Therefore there is no part of Physicke more blazed abroad than for sore eyes For the cure the Surgeon shall consider and intend three things diet the evacuation of the antecedent and conjunct cause and the overcomming it by topicke remedies The diet shall bee moderate eschewing all things that may fill the head with vapours and those things used that by astriction may strengthen the orifice of the ventricle and prohibite the vapours from flying up to the head the patient shall bee forbidden the use of wine unlesse peradventure the disease may proceed from a grosse and viscide humour as Galen delivers it The evacuation of the matter flowing into the eye shall bee performed by purging medicines phlebotomy in the arm cupping the shoulders and neck with scarification and without and lastly by frictions as the Physitian that hath undertaken the cure shall thinke it fit Galen after universall remedies for old inflammations of the eyes commends the opening of the veines and arteryes in the forehead and temples because for the most part the vessels therabouts distended with acride hot and vaporous blood cause great vehement paines in the eye For the impugning of the conjunct cause divers topick medicines shall be applyed according to the four sundry times or seasons that every phlegmon usually hath For in the beginning when as the acride matter flowes downe with much violence repercussives doe much conduce 〈◊〉 and tempred with resolving medicines are good also in the encrease ℞ aq ros et plantag an ℥ ss mucagin gum Tragacanth ʒii album ovi quod sufficit fiat collyrium let it bee dropped warme into the eye and let a double cloth dipped in the same collyrium bee put upon it Or ℞ mucag. sem psil cydon extractae in aq plant an ℥ ss aq solan lactis muliebris an ℥ i. trochise alb rha ℈ i. fiat collyrium use this like the former The veins of the templesmay be streightene◠by the following medicine ℞ bol arm sang drac mast an ℥ i. ss alb ovi aquae ros acet an ℥ i. tereb lot ol cidon an ℥ ss fiat defensivum You may also use ungde Bolo empl diacal or contrarupturam dissolved in oyle of myrtles and a little vineger But if the bitternesse of the paine be intolerable the following cataplasme shall be applyed ℞ medul pomor sub ciner coctorum ℥ iii. lactis muliebris ℥ ss let it be applyed to the eye the formerly prescribed collyrium being first dropped in Or ℞ mucag sem psil cidon an ℥ ss micae panis albi in lacte infusi ℥ ii aquae ros ℥ ss fiat cataplasma The bloud of a turtle Dove Pigeon or Hen drawne by opening a veine under the wings dropped into the eye asswageth paine Baths are not onely anodine but also stay the defluxion by diverting the matter thereof by sweats therefore Galen much commends them in such defluxions of the eyes as come by fits In the state when as the paine is either quite taken away or asswaged you may use the following medicines ℞ sarcocol in lacte muliebri nutritae ʒi aloës lotain aq rofar ℈ ii trochis alb rha ʒss sacchar cand ʒii aquae ros ℥ iii. fiat collyrium Or ℞ sem faeniculi fanug an ʒii flo chamae melil an m. ss coquantur in aq com ad ℥ iii. colaturae adde tuthiae praep sareoc nutritae in lacte muliebri an ʒi ss sacchari cand ℥ ss fiat collyrium ut artis est In the declination the eye shall be fomented with a carminative decoction and then this collyrium dropped thereinto ℞ nutritaeʒii aloës myrrh an ʒi aq ros euphrag an ℥ ii fiat collyrium ut artis est CHAP. XIII Of the Proptosis that is the falling or starting forth of the eye and of the Phthisis and Chemosis of the same THe Greekes call that affect Proptosis the Latines procidentia or Exitus oculi when as the eye stands and is cast out of the orbe by the occasion of a matter filling and lifting up the eye into a greater bignesse and largenesse of substance The cause of this disease is sometimes externall as by too violent strayning to vomit by hard labour in child-birth by excessive and wondrous violent shouting or crying out It sometimes happeneth that a great and cruell paine of the head or the too strait binding of the forehead and temples for the easing thereof or the palsie of the muscles of the eye give beginning to this disease Certainely sometimes the eye is so much distended by the defluxion of humors that it breakes in sunder and the humours thereof are shed and blindenesse enfues thereof as I remember befell the sister of Lewis de Billy merchant dwelling at Paris near S. Michael's bridg The cure shall be diversified according to the causes
midst of the wine yet so that they do not mixe themselves but the one take possess the place of the other If this may be done by art by things only naturall to be discernd by our eyes what may be done in our bodies in which by reason of the presence of a more noble soule all the works of nature are far more perfect What is it which we may despair to be done in the like case For doth not the laudible blood flow to the guts kidneyes spleen bladder of the gall by the impulse of nature together with the excrements which presently the parts themselves separate from their nutriment Doth not milke from the breasts flow sometimes forth of the wombes of women lately delivered Yet that cannot bee carryed downe thither unlesse by the passages of the mamillary veines and arteryes which meete with the mouthes of the vessels of the wombe in the middle of the streit muscles of the Epigastrium Therefore no marvaile if according to Galen the pus unmixt with the bloud flowing from the whole body by the veines and arteryes into the kidneyes and bladder bee cast forth together with the urine These and the like things are done by nature not taught by any counsell or reason but onely assisted by the strength of the segregating and expulsive faculty and certainely we presently dissecting the dead body observed that it all as also all the bowels thereof were free from inflammation and ulceration neither was there any signe or impression of any purulent matter in any part thereof CHAP. L. By what externall causes the urine is supprest and prognostickes concerning the suppression thereof THere are also many externall causes through whose occasion the urine may be supprest Such are bathing and swimming in cold water the too long continued application of Narcoticke medicines upon the Reines perinaeum and share the use of cold meats and drinkes and such other like Moreover the dislocation of some Vertebra of the loines to the inside for that it presseth the nerves disseminated thence into the bladder therefore it causeth a stupidity or numnesse of the bladder Whence it is that it cannot perceive it selfe to bee vellicated by the acrimony of the urine and consequently it is not stirred up to the expulsion thereof But from whatsoever cause the suppression of the urine proceeds if it persevere for some dayes death is to bee feared unlesse either a feaver which may consume the matter of the urine or a scouring or fluxe which may divert it shall happen thereupon For thus by stay it acquireth an acride and venenate quality which flowing by the veines readily infecteth the masse of blood and carryed to the braine much molests it by reason of that similitude and sympathy of condition which the bladder hath with the Meninges But nature if prevalent easily freeth it selfe from this danger by a manifest evacuation by stoole otherwise it must necessarily call as it were to its aide a feavourish heat which may send the abounding matter of this serous humidity out through the skinne either by a sensible evacuation as by sweat because sweate and urine have one common matter or else disperse and breath it out by transpiration which is an insensible excretion CHAP. LI. Of bloody Urine SOME pisse pure blood others mixt and that either with urine then that which is expelled resembles the washing of flesh newly killed or else with pus or matter and that either alone or mixed with the urine There may be divers causes of this symptome as the too great quantity of blood gathered in the body which by the suppression of the accustomed periodicall evacuation by the courses or haemorrhoids now turns its course to the reins bladder the fretting asunder of some vessell by an acride humour or the breaking thereof by carrying or lifting of some heavie burden by leaping falling from high a great blow the falling of some wait upon the loins riding post too violently the too immoderate use of venery lastly from any kind of painful more violent exercise by a rough sharp stone in the kidneys by the weaknesse of the retentive faculty of the kidneys by a wound of some of the parts belonging to the urine by the too frequent use of diureticke and hot meats and medicines or else of things in their whole nature contrary to the urenary parts for by these and the like causes the reins are oft times so enflamed that they necessarily impostumate and at length the impostume being broken it turnes into an ulcer casting forth quitture by the urine In so great variety of the causes of bloody urine we may gather whence the causes of this symptome may arise by the depraved action of this or that part by the condition of the flowing blood to wit pure or mixt and that either with the urine alone or with pus For example if this bloody matter flow from the lungs liver kidneies dislocated Vertebrae the streight gut or other the like part you may discerne it by the seat of the paine and symptomes as a feaver and the propriety of the paine and other things which have preceded or are yet present And we may gather the same by the plenty and quality for if for example the pus flow from an ulcer of the arm the purulent matter will flow by turnes one while by the urine so that little is cast forth by the ulcer then presently on the contrary the urine becomes more cleere That purulent matter which flows from the lungs by reason of an Empyema or from the liver or any other bowell placed above the midriffe the pus which is cast forth with the urine is both in greater plenty and more exactly mixed with the urine than that which flowes from the kidneyes and bladder It neither belongs to our purpose or a Surgeons office either to undertake or deliver the cure of this affect It shall suffice onely to note that the cure of this symptome is not to bee hoped for so long as the cause remaines And if this blood flow by the opening of a vessell it shall bee stayed by astringent medicines if broken by agglutinative if corroded or fretted asunder by sarcoticke CHAP. LII Of the signes of ulcerated Kidneyes I Had not determined to follow or particularly handle the causes of bloody urines yet because that which is occasioned by the ulcerated reines or bladder more frequently happens therefore I have thought good briefly to speake thereof in this place The signes of an ulcer of the reines are pain in the loines matter howsoever mixt with the urine never evacuated by it selfe but alwaies flowing forth with the urine and residing in the botome of the chamberpot with a sanious and redde sediment fleshy and as it were bloody fibres swimming up and downe in the urine the smell of the filth is not so great as that which flowes from the ulcerated bladder
in plantaine water and injected into the bladder Let the patient abstaine from wine and instead thereof let him use barly water or hydromel or a ptisan made of an ounce of raisins of the sun stoned and boyled in five pints of faire water in an earthen pipkin well leaded or in a glasse untill one pinte be consumed adding thereto of liquorice scraped and beaten â„¥ i. of the cold seeds likewise beaten two drams Let it after it hath boyled a little more be strayned through an hypocras bagge with a quarterne of sugar and two drams of choice cinamon added thereto and so let it be kept for usuall drinke CHAP. LVI Of the Diabete or inabilty to hold the Urine THe Diabete is a disease wherein presently after one hath drunke the urine is presently made in great plenty by the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the reines and the depravation of immoderation of the attractive faculty The externall causes are the unseasonable and immoderate use of hot and diureticke things and all more violent and vehement exercises The internall causes are the inflammation of the liver lungs spleen but especially of the kidneyes and bladder This affect must be diligently distinguished from the excretion of morbifick causes by urine The loines in this disease are molested with a pricking and biting pain and there is a continuall unquenchable thirst and although this disease proceed from a hot distemper yet the urine is not coloured red troubled or thick but thin and white or waterish by reason the matter thereof makes very small stay in the stomacke liver and hollow veine being presently drawn away by the heat of the kidneyes or bladder If the affect long endure the patient for want of nourishment falleth away whence certaine death ensues For the cure of so great a disease the matter must be purged which causes or feedes the inflammation or phlegmon and consequently blood must be let We must abstain from the foure cold seedes for although they may profit by their first quality yet will they hurt by their diuretick faculty Refrigerating and astringent nourishments must bee used and such as generate grosse humours as Rice thicke and astringent wine mixed with much water Exceeding cold yea Narcotick things shall be applyed to the loins for otherwise by reason of the thickness of the muscles of those parts the force unless of exceeding refrigerating things will not be able to arrive at the reins of this kind are oile of white poppy henbain opium purslain and lettuce seed mandrage vinegar and the like of which cataplasmes plaisters and ointments may be made fit to corroberate the parts and correct the heat CHAP. LVII Of the Strangury THe Strangury is an affect having some affinity with the Diâ—beâ—e as that wherin the water is unvoluntarily made but not together at once but by drops continually and with paine The externall causes of a strangury are the too abundant drinking of cold water all too long stay in a cold place The internall causes are the defluxion of cold humours into the urenary parts for hence they are resolved by a certain palsie and the sphincter of the bladder is relaxed so that he cannot hold his water according to his desire inflammation also all distemper causeth this affect and whatsoever in some sort obstructs the passage of the urine as clotted blood thick phlegme gravell and the like And because according to Galens opinion all sorts of distemper may cause this discase divers medicines shall be appointed according to the difference of the distemper Therfore against a cold distemper fomentations shall be provided of a decoction of mallows roses origanum calamint and the like so applied to the privities then presently after let them be anointed with oile of bayes and of Castoreum and the like Strong and pure wine shall be prescribed for his drinke and that not onely in this cause but also when the Strangury happens by the occasion of obstruction caused by a grosse and cold humor if so be that the body be not plethoricke But if inflammation together with a Plethora or fulnesse hath caused this affect wee may according to Galens advice heale it by blood-letting But if obstruction bee in fault that shall be taken away by diuretickes either hot or cold according to the condition of the matter obstructing We here omit to speake of the Dysuria or difficulty of making water because the remedies are in generall the same with those which are used in the Ischuria or suppression of urine CHAP. LVIII Of the Cholike WHensoever the Guts being obstructed or otherwise affected the excrements are hindred from passing forth if the fault bee in the small guts the affect is termed Volvulus Ileos miserere mei but if it be in the greate rguts it is called the Cholick from the part affected which is the Colon that is the continuity of the greater guts but especially that portion of the greater guts which is properly and especially named Colon or the cholicke Gut Therefore Avicen rightly defines the Cholicke A paine of the Guts wherein the excrements are difficultly evacuated by the fundament Paulus Aegineta reduceth all the causes of the Colicke how various soever to foure heads to wit to the grossenesse or toughnesse of the humours impact in the coates of the guts flatulencies hindred from passage forth the inflammation of the guts and lastly the collection of acride and biting humors Now we will treat of each of these in particular Almost the same causes produce the grossenesse of humors and flatulencies in the guts to wit the use of flatulent and phlegmaticke â—ough and viscide meats yea also of such as are of good nourishment if sundry thereof and of sundry kinds be eaten at the same meale and in greater quantity than is fit For hence crudity and obstruction and at length the collection of flatulencies whereon a tensive paine ensues This kind of Cholick is also caused by the use of crude fruits and too cold drink drunken especially when as any is too hot by exercise or any other way for thus the stomacke and the guts continued thereto are refrigerated and the humours and excrements therein conteined are congealed and as it were bound up The Cholicke which is caused by the inflammation of the kidneyes happens by the Sympathy of the reines pained or troubled with the stone or gravell conteined in them or the ureters Therefore then also paine troubles the patient at his hips and loynes because the nerves which arising from the vertebrae of the loins are oppressed by the weight of the stones and gravell about the joint of the hippe are disseminated into the muscles of the loines and thigh Also the ureters are pained for they seeme nothing else but certaine hollow nerves and also the cremaster muscles so that the patients testicles may seeme to be drawne upwards with much violence Hence great
phlegmaticke and cholericke vomiting and sweat of the whole body all which doe not surcease before that the stone or gravell shall bee forced downe into the bladder Now vomiting happens in this affect for that the ventricle by reason of its continuity and neighbourhood which it hath with the guts suffers by consent or sympathy For the stomacke is of the same kind or matter as the guts are so that the guts seeme nothing else but a certaine production of the stomacke Therefore if at any time nature endeavour to expell any thing that is troublesome in the kidneyes ureters coats of the guts mesentery pancreas and hypochondryes it causeth a Colicke with pain and vomiting A hot and dry distemper also causeth the Colicke producing a pricking and biting paine by drying the excrements shut up in the guts as also by wasting as it were the radical humours of that place provided for the lubricating of the guts Acride viscide and tough phlegme causeth the same There is also another cause of the Collicke which is not so common to wit the twining of the guts that is when they are so twined folded and doubled that the excrements as it were bound in their knots cannot be expelled as it manifestly happens in the rupture called Enterocele by the falling of the guts into the cod Likewise also wormes generated in the Collicke Gut whilest that they mutually fold or twine themselves up doe also twine the Colon it selfe and fold it with them Also the too long stay of the excrements in the guts whether it shall happen by the peculiar default of the too hot and dry body of the patient or by his diet that is the use of too dry meats or exercises and paines taken in the heate of the sunne or by the greatnesse of businesse the minde being carryed away causeth the Collicke with headache and plenty of vapours flying upwards I remember I once dissected the body of a boy of some twelve yeares old who had his guts folded with many as it were tyes or knots of the restrained too hard dry excrements the which he cast out by his mouth a little before his death which brought him to his end being not helped in time by fitting medicines Now these are the causes of the Collick according to the opinion of the ancient and moderne Physicians of whose signes I judge it not amisse here to treat in particular You shall know the patient is troubled with the stone collick by the paine which is fixed and as it were kept in one place to wit of the kidnies by his former manner of life as if the patient hath formerly voyded stones or gravell together with his urine by the paine of the hips and testicles for the formerly mentioned causes lastly by that the patient casts forth by stoole or urine for that the great laborious endeavour of nature to cast forth the stone which is in the kidnies is propagated by a certaine sympathy like study of the neighbouring parts stirring up the expulsive faculties each to his work The signes of a flatulent collick are a tensive pain such as if the guts were rent or torne in pieces together with a noise or rumbling in the belly The force of the shut up wind is sometimes so great that it rendeth or teareth the guts in sunder no otherwise than a swines bladder too hard blown up Which when it happens the patient dyes with much vomiting because the stomack opprest with wind can conteine nor imbrace no meat The collick which is occasioned by the too long keeping in of the excrements is accompanied with the weight and pain of the belly the tension of the guts headach apparent hardness of the belly the complaint of the patient that he hath not gone to stoole in a long time That which proceeds from a cholerick inflammation yeelds a sense of great heat pulsation in the midst of the belly by reason of the veins and arteries which are in the pancreas and coats of the guts and there are the other signes of a Phlegmon although also this as it were inflammation may arise also from salt acride viscous phlegme which nature can neither expel upwards by vomit nor downewards by stool this sundry times is associated with a difficulty of making water for that when as the right gut is inflamed the bladder is pressed by reason of their society or neighbourhood The collick which proceeds from the contorsion of the guts shews it selfe by the excessive cruelty of the paine arising for that the guts are not in their due site and place and because the excrements by their too long detension acquire a preternaturall heat this is the cause of the death of many such as have Ruptures for that the gut falling down from the naturall place into the Cod being a preternatural place is red oubled kept thereas it were bound whereby the excrements being baked becomming more acridly hot cause inflammation and by raising up flatulencies encrease the distension through all the guts untill at length a deadly Ileos or collick arising they come forth at the mouth For prognosticks it is better to have the paine in the collick to wander up and down than to be fixed it is good also that the excrements are not wholly supprest But the evill signes that here appeare pronounce the affect either difficult or deadly Now these shew that it is deadly intolerable tormenting paine continuall vomiting cold sweat coldnesse of the extreme parts hickiting by reason of the sympathy the stomack hath with the guts a Phrensie by the consent of the braine with the stomacke and oft-times a convulsion by drawing the matter into the nerves But such as have griping and pain about their navil and loines which can neither be helped by medicine nor otherwise it ends in a Dropsie The cure must be diversified according to the variety of the causes for the stone collick is cured by medicines proper to the stone that which is caused by an Enterocele is cured by the onely restoring the gut to its place that which is occasioned by wormes requires medicines fit to kill and cast forth the wormes But that which proceeds from the weaknesse and refrigeration of the guts and stomack is cured by neating and strengthening medicines aswell applyed out-wardly as taken in inwardly by the mouth or otherwaies The beginning of the cure of that which is occasioned by tough flegme and flatulencies is by the mitigation of the paine seeing there is nothing which more dejects the powers than paine To this purpose shall you provide bathes Semicupia fomentations of mallowes marsh-mallowes violet leaves penyroyall fennell Origanum the seeds of time and faenugreek flowers of camomill melilore and other such like which have power to heat dry attenuate and rarifie the skin so to dissipate the wind But all such must be actually hot Also the belly may be anointed with this following ointment
to doe then let them wash their feete in the Muste or new pressed Wine Also bagges may be thus made for the same purpose â„ž salis com alum roch cort granat sumach berberis nucum cupressi an â„¥ iiii fol. salviae rorisâ—ar rosar rub an m. ss Let them be all put in linnen bags and boyled in Lye and so make a decoction for to foment the joynts CHAP. XIIII Of the Palliative Cure of the Goute and the materiall causes thereof HERE also must we consider the causes whence this disease proceeds the temper of the diseased body the parts affected those from whence it proceeds For as these are not alwayes alike so neither can one and the like remedy be usefull in every Goute For first those which proceed of a cold cause require other remedies than those which arise from a hot and that which proceeds from any one simple humour than that which ariseth from divers mixed together For Choler alone causeth cruell paines but tempered by the admixture of Phlegme it becomes more gentle Furthermore some remedies are good in the beginning some in the encrease and some at other times Neither may we use repercussives in the Sciatica as we may in the Goute of the feet and other joints unlesse peradventure the part be fearefully enflamed Taking these things to consideration we must observe that the Palliative cure of that Gout which cannot absolutely be helped as that which is hereditary and inveterate is performed by foure scopes The first is by appointing a convenient diet in the sixe things which are termed not naturall The second by evacuating and diverting the antecedent matter both by purging and phlebotomy The third by applying topicke medicines according to the condition of the morbificke humour and nature of the part The fourth by correcting the symptomes but especially the paine whereof in these affects there is oft times so great excesse by reason of the unexplicable and invincible malignity of the virulent quality associating the humour that it alone is oft times sufficient to kill the patient And because the variety of morbificke causes brings a variety of remedies fitted to these foure intentions therefore it behoves a physitian to be most attentive in the distinction of the causes For he may be easily deceived and mistake one for another for arthritick pains proceeding from a cold matter if they be mitigated by the application of Narcoticke and cold medicines it may induce us to beleeve that the materiall cause is hot though really it bee not so for Narcotickes asswage paine not for that they are contrary to the cause thereof but because they take away the sense by inducing a numnesse on the contrary the materiall cause may sometimes seeme cold which notwithstanding is hot for that it becoms better by application of hot medicines that is by taking an argument from that which helps because contraries are cured by contraries and the like preserved by the like But herein consists the error for that hot medicines profit not by their contrariety but by the attenuation of the grosse matter by the rarefaction of the skin and dissipating them into aire Whence you may gather that an argument drawne from that which helpes and hurts is very deceitfull moreover it may happen that a large quantity of cold matter flowing down from the brain may cause great pain by reason of the virulency a small quantity of choler mixed therwith which serves for a vehicle to carry down the tough and slow phlegme into the joints whence the patient becomes thirsty and feavourish by reason of the heate and inflammation of these parts whereby such as are lesse cautelous and heedy will easily be induced to beleeve that some hot matter is the occasion of this Gout Now when as not some one simple humour but different by reason of mixture causeth the Gout the yellowish colour of the part may deceive one as if the evill matter should proceed from choler onely which by the tenuity of its substance leaving the center easily possesseth the circumference of the body or part notwithstanding much phlegm being as it were enraged by the admixtion of a little choler may be the chiefe cause of the disease and may peradventure be discovered by the encrease of paine in the night season A feaver arising by meanes of paine and watching may encrease the conceived opinion of choler which attenuating and diffusing the humours drives them into the joynts and causeth fiery urines tinctured with much choller and a quicke pulse Yet notwithstanding the Physitian shall be in errour if deceived with these appearances he attempt the cure of this Gout as arising from a hot and not from a cold cause yet I am not ignorant that the cure of the proper disease must be neglected for the cure of the symptomes Besides also it may come to passe that choler may be the cause of the Gout and notwithstanding no signes therof may appeare in the skin and surface of the affected part because the coldness of the ambient aire and the force of applyed Narcoticks may have destroyed the colour of the juices lying therunder and as it were imprinted a certain blacknesse It also happens that the body being overcharged with a great quantity of grosse and viscide humours the expulsive faculty may discharge some portion thereof unto the joints but leave the rest impact in the cavity of some entraile where causing obstruction and putrefaction may presently cause a feaver and that intermitting if it be small obstruct only the lesser veins these of the habit of the body Wherefore then it is not sufficient that the Physitian employ himselfe in the cure of the Gout but it behoves him much more to attend the cure of the feaver which if it bee continuall it discredites the physitian and endangers the patient if it bee intermitting it easily becomes continuall unlesse it be withstood with fit remedies that is unlesse you let blood the belly being first gently purged and nature be presently freed by a stronger purge of the troublesome burden of the humours Now it is convenient the purge be somewhat stronger than ordinary for if it should bee too weake it will stir up the humors but not carry them away they thus agitated will fall into the pained and weak joints and cause the Gout to encrease By this it appeares how deceitfull that conjecture is which relyes is grounded on one signe as often as we must pronounce judgement of morbificke causes Wherefore to conclude wee must thinke that opinion most certaine concerning the matter of the disease which is strengthened with multiplicity of signes as those which are drawne from the colour of the part the heate or coldnesse manifest to the touch those things that helpe and hurt the patients familiar and usuall diet temper age region season of they yeare propriety of paine the exacerbation or excess thereof
dresse my Lord who had received a Pistoll shot in the middle of the spondills of his backe whereby he presently lost all sence and motion of thighes and legges with retention of excrements not being able to cast out his Vrine nor anything by the fundament because that the spinall marrow from whence proceede the sinewes to give sense and motion to the inferiour parts was bruised broken and torne by the vehemence of the bullet He likewise loft his reason and understanding and in a few dayes he dyed The Chirurgions of Paris were a long time troubled to dresse the sayd wounded people I beleeve my little master that you saw some of them I beseech the great God of Victories that we may never be imployed in such evill encounters and disasters The voyage of Bayonne 1564. NOw I say moreover what I did in the voyage with the King to Bayonne where we have beene two yeares and more to compasse all this Kingdome where in divers Citties and Villages I have beene called into consultations for divers diseases with the deceased Monsieur Chaplaine cheefe Phisition to the King and Monsieur Chastellan cheefe to the Queene Mother a man of great honour and knowledge in Physicke and Chirurgery making this voyage I was alwayes inquisitive of the Chirurgions if they had marked any rare thing of remarke in their practice to the end to learne some new thing Being at Bayonne there happened two things of remarke for the young Chirurgions The first was that I drest a Spanish Gentleman who had a greevous great impostume in his throate he came to have beene touched by the deceased King Charles for the Evill I made incision in his Aposteme where there was found great quantity of creeping wormes as bigge as the point of a spindle having a blacke head and there was great quantity of rotten flesh Moreover there was under his tongue an impostume called â—anula which hindred him to utter forth his words and to eate and swallow his meate he pray'd mee with his held up hands to open it for him if it could be done without perill of his person which I immediatly did and found under my Lancet a solid body which was five stones like those which are drawne from the bladder The greatest was as big as an Almond and the other like little long Beanes which were five in number in this aposteme was contained a slimy humor of a yellow colour which was more than foure spoonefulls I left him in the hands of a Chirurgion of the Citty to finish the cure Monsieur de Fontaine Knight of the Kings Order had a great continuall pestilent Feaver accompanyed with divers Carboneles in divers parts of his body who was two dayes without ceasing to bleed at nose nor could it be stancht and by that meanes the feaver ceased with a very great sweat and soone after the Charboncles ripened and were by me dressed and by the grace of God cured I have publisht this Apologie to the end that each man may know with what foot I have alwayes marched and I thinke there is not any man so ticklish which taketh not in good part what I have said seeing my discourse is true and that the effect sheweth the thing to the eye reason being my warrant against all Calumnies The end of the Apologie and Voyages FINIS A GENERALL TABLE OF ALL THE CHIEFE THINGS TREAted of in this Worke. A ABortions why frequent in a pestilent season Pag. 821 their causes c. 921 Abductores musculi 223 238 Abscesses how to be opened 259 Aconite the symptomes caused thereby and their cure 807 Actuall Cauteries preferred before Potentiall 749. Their formes and use 750. 751. Their force against venemous bites 784 Action the definition and division thereof 23 Voluntary Action 24 Adders their bitings the symptomes thereone usuing together with the cure 790 Adiposa vena 116 Adductores musculi 222 Adjuncts of things naturall 27 Adâ—ata sive Conjunctiva one of the coates of the Eye 182 Aegilops what 948. the differences thereof Ibid. the cure 649 Aegyptiacum the force thereof against putrefaction 433. a cleanser and not a suppurative 46. descriptions thereof 456 423. the praise thereof 856 Afterbirth see Secundine 1 After-tongue 195 After-wrest 518 Age what the division thereof 9 Ages compared to the foure seasons of the yeare 10 Agonie what 40 Agues see Quotidian Quartaine Tertian Bastard Agues how cured 286 Agglutinative medicines 326. their nature and use 1046 Aire an Element the prime qualities thereof 6 the necessity thereof for life 29. which hurtfull 30. What understood thereby ib. How it changes our bodies 31. Though in Summer colder than the Braine 357. How it becomes hurtfull 416. How to be corrected 429. Of what force in breeding diseases 433. What force the Starre have upon it 434. How that which is corrupt or venemous may kill a man 782. How it may bee corrupted 819. Pent up it is apt to putrifie 837. change thereof conduces to the cure of the Plague 837 Alae what 130 Allantoides tunica there is no such shewed by three severall reasons 132 Albugineus humor the use thereof 184 Almonds of the throate or eares their History 193. their tumor with the causes and signes thereof 293. The cure 294 Almonds encrease the paine of the head 357 Alopecia what the cause which curable and how and which not 637 Amnios tunica the substance and composure thereof 132 Amphiblistroides vel retiformis tunica 183 Amputation of a member when to be made 457. How to be performed 458. To stanch bleeding ensuing thereon 459. how to dresse the part 460. To performe the rest of the cure 461. Sometimes made at a joynt 463 Anatomy the necessity of the knowledg thereof 79. A threefold method thereof 80. The definition thereof c. ibid. Anatomicall administration of the lower Belly 87. Of the sternon 139. Axiomes 122 152 183 212 226 Aneurisma what 286. How cured 287. Which incurable ibid. Anger the effects thereof 39 Angina see squinancie Anima how many wayes taken 7. See soule Animall parts which 83. Their division 84 Anodyne medicines 1047. For the eyes 379 in paines of the teeth 401 Antidots must be given in great quantities 785 No one against all poysons 809. To be used in the cure of the plague 843 844 Antipathy see sympathy Antipathy betweene some Men and a Cat 804. Of poysons with poysons 823 Ants. 59. Their care 60 Apes their immitation of mens actions 69 Apium risus the poysonous quallity thereof with the cure 805 Apologie concerning wounds made by Gun-shot 432. That such wounds are not poysonea 436. Concerning binding of vessells c. 1133 Apophlegmatismes what and their use 1069 Apophyses clinoides 172 174 Aphorismes concerning Chirurgery selected out of Hippocrates 1116. 1117. Of the Author 1119 Apostumes see impostumes Apothecaries choise of such as shall have care of those sicke of the Plague 830 Appendices glandulosae 122 Aqua fortis the poysonous quality and the cure thereof
810 Aqua theriacalis the description manner of making thereof 755 824. good against the Plague 824 Aqua vitae how distilled 1100 Aqueus humor 183 Arachnoides sive araneosa tunica 183 Arâ—oticke medicines 1040 Archagatus a Romane Chirurgion slaine by the people 5 Argentum Vivum see Hydrargyrum l Aristomachus the Philosopher a great observer of Bees 59 Arme or shoulderbone the fractures thereof 575 Arme and the bone and muscles thereof 214. The defect thereof how to be supplyed 880 882 Arsnicke the poysonâ—us quality thereof and the cure 810 Arrowes wounds made by them and their severall formes 438. How to be drawne forth 440 Artery what 97. The division of the great descendent Artery 113 115. Distribution of the left subclavian Artery 153. Of the Axillarie 211. Of the crurall 223. Not dangerous to be opened 641. Rough Artery 157. Figure of the Arteries 154 Arteria Venosa and the distribution thereof 147. Carotydes 153. Cervicalis ibid. Intercostalis ibid. Mammaria ibid. musculosa ibid. Humeraria duplex ibid. Thoracica duplex ibid. Aspera 156. Muscula 225. Arthrodia what 243 Articulation and the kinds thereof 242. 243 244 Ascarides have knowne 766 Ascites see Dropsie Aspe his bite and the symptomes that happen thereon with their cure 794 Asses milke how to be used in the cure of a Heotique 395 A stragalus 233 Atheroma what 271. The cure thereof 〈◊〉 Atrophia how helped 634 635 Attractive medicines what 1039 Auricula cordis 145 Auripigmentum the poysonous quality and the cure thereof 810 Autumne the condition thereof 10 Axiomes anatomicall 122. 152 183 212 226. Philosophicall 184 B Backe-bone and the use thereof 198 Bagges the diversity and use 1071 Ball bellowes 415 Balneum Mariae 1096 1097 Balsames fit to heale simple not contused wounds 434 Balsame of Vesalius his description 1107. Of Fallopius his description ibid. An anodyne and sarcoticke one 402 Bandages their differences 553. What cloth best for them ibid. Indications how to fit them 554. Three kinds necessary in fractures 555 Common precepts for their use 557. Vses whereto they serve 558 Barnard the Hermite 1017 Barrennes the cause thereof in men 931. In women 932 Basiliske her description bite and the cure thereof 792 Battailâ—s where the Author was present See Voyages 20 Bathes good in paine of the Eyes 646 Bathes their faculties and differences 1074 How to know whence they have their efficacy ibid. Their faculties and to whom hurtfull 1075. halfe bathes 1073 Beautroll a beast of Florida 1021 Bearwormes the bites and the cure thereof 798 Beares their craft 56 Beasts inventors of some remedies 56. Their facultie in persaging 57. Their love and cure of their young 60. Most wild ones may be tamed 64. They know one anothers voice 72 Bees their government 58. Care and justice 59. Their stinging the cure thereof 798 Baggars their cousenages and crafty trickes 992 993 c. Belly why not bony 85. The division of the lower belly ibid. Bezoar and Bezoarticke medicines 808 Biceps musculus 218 and 231 Binding of the vessels for bleeding 341. An apologie therefore 1133. Authorities therefore 1134. Reason 1135. Experience 1136. Histories to confirme it 1137 Birds their industry in building their nests 58. Ravenous birds 70. Counterfeit mans voice 72. They have taught men to sing ibid. Bird of Paradise 1017 Birth see Child-birth Bitings of man and Beast venenate 360 1782 Bitings of a Mad-dogge Adder c. see Dog Adder c. Bitter things not fit to bee injected into wounds of the Chest 390 Bladder of the Gall. 110 Bladder of Vrine 123. The substance figure c. ibid. Signes of the wounds thereof 397. Vlcers thereof and their cure 481. 686 Bleare-eyes their differences and cure 644 Bleeding in wounds how helped 328. How stopped by binding the vessells 341. Why devised by our Author 462. In amputation of Members 459 Blood the temper thereof 11. The materiall and efficient causes thereof 12. Where perfected ibid. All the foure humors comprehended under that generall name ibid. compared with new wine ibid. the nature consistance colour taste and use 13 Blood-letting whether necessary at the beginning of pestilent diseases 845 Bloodletting when necessary in a synochus 261. When in an Erysipelas 263. When in a Tertian 267. In what wounds not necessary 326. The two chiefe indications thereof 359. Why necessary in the Fracture of the beele 632. See Phlebotomie Bloody Vrine and the causes thereof c. 685 Boate-bone 234 Body how divided 83. 85. The forepart thereof 86. The backe part 87. The crookednesse thereof how helped 876 Bolsters and other use 359 Bones how they feele 81. Their definition 138. Their differences 139. How hurt by the Trepan 365. What hastens their scailing ibid. Their corruption 371. How helped 372 Bones of the scull 162. Of the face 178. Of the nose 179. Of the auditory passage 191 Of the arme 214. Of the backe 198. Of the breast 136. Of the cubit 217 Of the wrest afterwrest and fingers 218. Seede-bones 220. Of the Thigh 228. Of the Legge 231. Of the foote 233. Of the Toes 234. A briefe recitall of all the Bones 239 Bones more brittle in frosty weather 562. sooner knit in young bodies 563. Their generall cure being broken or dislocated 564. How to helpe the symptomes happening thereon 566. Why they become rotten in the Lue venerea and how it may be perceived 747. How helped ib. Bones sticking in the Throate or law how to be got out 556 Brachiaeus Musculus 218 Braine and the History thereof 165. The Ventricles thereof 166. The mamillary proccsses ibid. Braine the mooving or concussion thereof 350 how cured 376 Breasts 137. Their magnitude figure c. ibid. How they communicate with the wombe 138 Breast-bone the History thereof 126 Breast bone the depression or fracture thereof bow helped 570 Brevis musculus 218 Bronchocele the differences thereof and the cure 298 Bruises see Contusions Bubo's by what meanes the humor that causes them flowes downe 224 Bubo's venereall ones returning in againe causes the Lues venerea 724. Their efficient and materiall causes 746. Their cure ibid Bubo's in the Plague whence their originall 817. The description signes and cure 853 prognosticks 857 Bubonocele what 304 Bullets shot out of Guns doe not burne 410. They cannot be poysoned 412. 437. remaine in the body after the healing of wounds 429 Buprestes their poyson and the cure 800 Burnes how kept from blistring 410. See Combustions Byshop-fish 1002 C. Cacochymia what 37 Caecum intestinum 106 Calcaneum os 234 Caeliaca arteria 113 Callus what and whence it proceeds 323 Better generated by meates of grosse nourishment 562. Made more handsome by Ligation ibid. The materiall and efficient causes thereof 588. Medicines conducing to the generation thereof ibid. How to know it is a breeding 589. What may hinder the generation thereof and how to helpe it being ill formed 590 Camells their kinds and condition 70 Cancer the reason of the name 279.
Causes thereof ibid. differences 280. Which not to be cured ibid. The cure if not ulcerated ibid. Cure if ulcerated 281. Topicke medicines to be thereto applyed 282 Cancer or Canker in a childs mouth how to be helped 905 Cannons see Guns Cantharides their malignitie and the helpe thereof 799. Applyed to the head they ulcerate the bladder 800 Capons subject to the Gout 707 Carbuncles whence their originall 817. Why so called together with their nature causes and signes 857. prognostickes ibid. cure 859 Caries ossium 371 Carpiflexores musculi 222 Carpitensores musculi 221 Cartilago scutiformis vel enâ—iformis 136 Caruncles their causes figures and cure 742. Other wayes of cure 744 Cases their forme and use 560 Caspilly a strange Fish 69 Catagmaticke pouders 363 Catalogue of Medicines and Instruments for their preparation 1109 1110 c. Of Chirurgicall Instruments 1113 1114 Cataplasmes their matter and use 1062 Catarractes where bred 184. Their differences causes c. 651. Their cure at the beginning ibid. The couching of them 653 Catarrhe sometimes maligne and killing many 821 Cathareticke medicines 1046 Cats their poysonous quality and the Antipathy betweene some men and them 804 Causticke medicines their nature and use 1046 1047 Cauteries actual ones preferred before potentiall 749. Their severall formes 749 750 751. Their use 741. Their force against venemous bites 784. Potentiall ones 1064 Cephale what 243 Cephalica vena 210 Cephalicke pouders how composed 752 Cerats what their differences 1508 Ceratum oesypi ex Philagrio 1060 Cerusse the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 810 Certificates in sundry cases 1129 Chalazion an affect of the eyelid 642 Chamelion his shape â—nd nature 1024 Chance sometimes exceedes Art 49. Finds out remedies 409 Change of native temper how it happens 18 Chaphs or Chops occasicned by the Lues venerea and the cure 754. In divers parts by other meanes and their cure 957 Charcoale causeth suffocation 1125 Chemosis an affect of the Eye-lids 647 Chest and the parts thereof 136. Why partly gristly partly bony ibid. The division thereof 137. The wounds thereof 388. Their cure 389. They easily degenerate into a Fistula 391 Child whether alive or dead in the wombe 913. If dead then how to be extracted 914 915 Children why like their fathers and grand-fathers 888. Borne without a passage in the fundament 898. Their site in the wombe 900 901. When and how to bee weaned 913. Their paine in breeping teeth 959. They may have impostumes in their mothers wombe 594 Child-birth and the cause thereof 899. The naturall unnaturall time thereof 901 women have no certaine time ibid. Signes it is at hand 902. What 's to be done after it 904 China root the preparation and use thereof 730 Chirurgery see Surgery Chirurgion see Surgion Choler the temper thereof 11. The nature consistance colour taste and use 13. The effects thereof 15. Not naturall how bred and the kinds thereof 16 Cholericke persons their habite of bodie manners and diseases 17. They cannâ—t long brooke fasting 707 Chorion what 132 Chylus what 12 Cirsocele a kind of Rupture c. 304. The cure 312 Cinnamon and the water thereof 1105 Chavicle see Collar-bone Cleitoris 130 Clyster when presently to bee given after bloodletting 262. See Glyster Coates common coate of the Muscles the substance quantity c. thereof 91. Of the eyes 182. Of the wombe 132 Cockatrice see Basiliske Cockes are kingly and martiall birds 66 Colchicum the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 866 Collicke and the kinds thereof c. 689 Colon. 106 Collar-bones or Clavicles their History 138 139. Their fracture 568. How to helpe it ibid. Their dislocation and cure 601 Collyria what their differences use 1067 Colour is the bewrayer of the temperament 28 Columella see Vvula Combustions and their differences 449. their cure 450 Common sense what 896 Comparison betweene the bigger and lesser world 761 Complexus musculus 201 Composition of medicines the necessity thereof 1099 Compresses see Bolsters Concoction fault of the first concoction not mended in the after 707 Concussion of the Braine 350. how helped 376 Condylomata what they are and their cure 957 Conformation the faults thereof must bee speedily helped 904 Congestion two tauses thereof 250 Contusions what their causes 442. Their generall cure ibid. How to be handled if joyned with a wound 445. How without a wound ib. how kept from gangrening 446 Contusions of the ribs 447. Their cure 634 Convulsion the kinds and causes thereof 329 the cure 330 331. Why on the contrary part in wounds of the head 357 Convulsive twitching in broken members and the cause thereof 586 Conies have taught the art of undermining 66 Cornea tunica 183 Corone what 243 Coronalis vena 112 Corroborating medicines 270 Cotyle what 243 Cotyledones what 129 891 Courses how to provoke them 863 948. How to stop them 864 951 952. The reason of their name 945. Their causes 946. causes of their suppression 947. What symptomes follow thereon 948 symptomes that follow their immoderate flowing 951 Crabs 69 Crampe the cause and cure thereof 722 Cranes observe order in flying and keepe watch 67 Cremaster muscles 120 Cridones what disease and the cure 319 Crocodiles may be tamed 76 Crookednesse how helped 876 Crurall veine 224. Artery 223 Crureus musculus 232 Crus how taken 223 Crystallinus humor 184 Cubit the bones and muscles thereof 217 Cubit-bones the fracture of them 555 Cuboides os 234 Cupping glasses and their use 694. Their use in the cure of a Bubo 853 Cures accidentall and strange 49 50. Deceitfull 51 Custome how forcible 33 Cuticle the matter quantity figure c. thereof 88 Cuttell-fish his craft 68 Cysticae gemellae 112 D. Dartos 119 Death the inevitable cause thereof 41. How suddaine to many 778 Definition of Chirurgery 3 Definition how different from a description 80 Defluxion of humor show diverted 256 Delirium the causes thereof 334. The cure 335 Deliverance in Child-birth how furthered 903. Which difficult 921. Which easie ib. Deltoides musculus 216 Dentifrices their differences matter and for me 1071 Depilatories 1182 Derma 89 Detersives 259. 1043. Their use ibid. Devills and their differences 986. Their titles and names 987. They are terrified and angred by divers things 990 Devill of the Sea 1004 Diabete what the causes signes and cure 688 Diaphoreticke medicines 140 Diaphragma see Midriffe Why called Phrenes 142 Diaphysis what 231 Diary feaver the causes and signes 260. The cure 261 Diarthrosis 242 Die-bone 234 Diet hath power to alter or preserve the temperament 28 Diet convenient for such as have the Gout 707. For such as feare the stone 667. In prevention of the Plague 822. In the cure thereof 839 840 841 Differences of muscles 92 93 Digitum flexores musculi 222 237. 238 Digitum tensores musculi 221 237 Diploe what 163 Disease the definition and division thereof 41. Causes ibid. Diseases strange and monstrom 49 Diseases incident to sangnine cholericke phlegmaticke and melancholicke
persons 17. Wherefore some are hereditary 886. supernaturall 989. Monstrous accidents in them 996 Dislocations their kinds and manner 593. their differences 594. Causes ib. Signes 595. Prognosticks 595. The generall cure 564. 597. Symptomes that may be fall a dislocated member 634 Dislocation of the jaw 600. The cure ibid. 601. Of the Collar-bone 601. Of the spine 602. Of the head 603. Of the necke 603. Of the Rumpe 607. Of the Ribs ibid. Of the shoulder 608. Of the Elbow 619. Of the Styliformis processus 621. Of the wrest 622. Of the After-wrest 623. Of the Fingers ibid. Of the thigh or hip ibid. Of the whirlebone 630. Of the knee forwards 631. Of the greater and lesse Focile 631. 632. Of the heele 632. Of the Pasterne or Anckle bone 633. Of the instep and backe of the foote 633. Of the toes 634 Dismembring see Amputation Distemperature and the diver sity thereof 41 Distillation and the kinds thereof 1093. Fornaces the vessells therefore 1094. What to be considered therein 1095. How to prepare the materialls therefore 1098 How to distill waters 1099. How aqua vita 1100. How to rectifie them 1101. To distill in the Sun ibid. By filtring 1102. Of Oyles 1103. Of Spirits 1105. Of Oyles out of Gummes 1107. Of Oyle of Vitrioll 1108 Docillity of Beasts 69 Dogs their love to their masters 61. Their docillitie 69. Why they become mad sooner than other creatures 785. How their bites may be knowne 786. Prognosticks 787. The cure of such as are bitten by them 788 Dorycnium the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 805 Doves free from adultery 62 Draco marinus the Sea Dragon his poysonous puncture the symptomes cure 801 Dracunculus what 315. The cure 316 Dragons their craft 68 Dreames of the sangnine cholericke phlegmaticke and malancholicke persons 17 18. Not to be neglected 36 Dropsie what 299. The differences Symptomes and causes ibid. Signes and prognosticks 300. The cure 301. Following upon a Tumor of the mesentery 930 Dugges their substance magnitude c. 137 What to be done to them to dry up milke 918 Duodemum the magnitude c. 105 Dura mater what 164. The hurts thereof by Trepanning and how helped 373. Remedies for the inflammation and the Apostumation thereof 374. Why it easily endures acride medicines 375 E Eares their parts and composure 189. Their wounds and cure 386. To supply their defects 875. Their ulcers 479. Their stopping and things falling into them how helped 655 Eares of the heart 145 Eare wax for what use it serves 190 Earth a cold and dry element 6 Earthquakes their cause 415 Ecchymosis what and how cured 343 Echo the cause thereof 190 Effects of Phlegme 14. Of choler and melancholy 15 Ejaculatorie vessells in men 121. In women 127 Elbow the dislocation thereof 619. how to restore it dislocated outwardly 619. To the inside 621. Why most subject to anchyliosis ibid. Elements how understood and their principall qualities 6. What those of generation are 7. What these of mixt bodies are ibid. The cause of their transmutation 415 Elephants their strength piety c. 62 63. Where bred and their qualities 1019 Embalming the dead 1130. The manner how 1131 Embrion when it takes that name 893 Embrocation what how performed 1063 Emollient and resolving medicines 275 278 Emplasters what their differences 1058. Signes they are perfectly boyled 1059. Their use 1061. Cautions in their application 269 270 Emplastrum de Vigo cum Mercurio 1060 De gratia Dei ibid. De Betonica sive de Ianua ibid. Oxycrocium 1061. De cerusa ibid. Tripharmacum seâ—â—igrum ibid. Diapalma seu Diacalcitheos ibid. Contra Rupturam ib. De Mucilaginibus ibid. De minio ibid. Diachylum magnum ibid. Empyema what 298. The cure thereof 299 Emptinesse 37 Emulgens Arteria 114. Vena 116 Enarthrosis a kind of articulation 242 Enterocele a kind of Rupture 304 Ephemera febris 260. The causes and signes thereef ibid. The cure 262 Epidermis 88 Epidydimis 119 EpigastriuÌ„ what 87. The containing parts thereof ibid. Epigastrica vena 117 Epiglottis what 195 Epiploon what 101 Epiplois vena 113 Epiplocele 304 Epithemes to strengthen the principall parts 845. Their composition and use 1064 Epomis musculus 216 Epulis what the symptomes and cure 292 Epuloticke or skinning medicines their kinds and use 1045 Errhines their differences discription and use 1068 Erysipelas what 262. What tumors referred thereto 253 The differences thereof 262. Prognosticks 267. Their cure ibid. Erythrois tunica 119 Eschar how to hasten the falling away thereof 856. Medicines causing it 1047 Escharoticks 1047. Why used to spreading Vlcers 401 Estrich betweene a bird and a beast 1014. The sceleton of one 1015 Evacuation and the kinds thereof 37. What to be observed therein 38 Eunnches assimulated to women 27 Excrements of the first second and third concoction what 898 Exercise the use and best time for it 34. The quality thereof 35 Exomphalos or standing forth of the navill 303 Epostosis in Lue venerea 746 Experience without reason of what account 45 Eye-browes 181 Eyelids 181. To stay them being too laxe 641. To open them fastned together 643. To helpe their itching 644 Eyes their site and quicknesse 181. Figure composure c 182. Their muscles coates humors 182 183 184. their wounds 379. to hide the losse or defect of them 669 their ulcers 476. their cure 477. their affects 641 642 c. their inflammation 645 F. FAce a discloser of affections and passions 40. the wounds thereof 378. How to helpe the rednesse thereof 1080 Faculties what 21. their division 22 Falling downe of the Fundament the causes and cure thereof 313 Fat the substance and cause c. thereof 90. 91. Why not generated under the skull 377. How to be distinguished from the Braine ibid. the cure thereof being wounded 398 Fauces what 194 Faulcon her sight with the Herne 70 Faults of conformation must be speedily helped 904. Of the first concoction not helped in the after 707 Feare and the effects thereof 39 Feaver sometimes a symptome otherwhiles a disease Feavers accompanying Phlegmons and their cure 260. Happening upon Erysipelous tumors 165. Vpon Oedematous tumors 275. Vpon Schirrous tumors 284. The cure of bastard intermitting Feavers 286 Feet and their bones 233. Their twofold use 236 Feirce Clare a fish 803 Females of what seede generated 888 Fibra auris what 189 Fibula 231 Figures in Anatomy and first of the forepart of man 86. Of the backparts 87. Of the lower belly and parts thereof 100 102 107 114 122. Of the stomacke 104. Of the vessells of seede and Vrine 118. Of the Bladder and Yard 124. Of the wombe 127. Of some parts in women different from those of men 131. Of the hollow veine 149. Of the Arteries 154. Of the rough Artery or weazon 157. First and and second of the braine 164. Third of the Cerebellum 167. Fourth and fifth of the braine 169. The sixth of the braine 170. Seaventh shewing
the Nerves of the Braine 171. The eighth of the braine 173. Of the spinall marrow 176. Of the Eye 185. Of the chiefe muscles of the face 188. Of the lower Iaw 189. Of the eares 190. Of the backbone 197. Of the muscles in sundry parts of the body 199 200 201 202 203 204 247. Of the nerves 215. Of the bones in the hands 220. Of the thigh-bone 228. Of the bones of the feete 235. Of the Sceleton 239 240 241 Figures of Instruments used in Chirurgery See Instruments Figures of divers sorts of Iavelins and Arrow heads 438 Figures of monsters 962 963 c. Of divers beasts c. as of the Succarath 61. Of the Elephant 63. 1020. Of the Rhinoceros 65. Of the Cammell 71. Of the Crocodile 77 1023. Of a Crab 279. Of the Scorpion c. 762 764. Of the Serpent Hamorrhous 791. Of the Serpent seps 792. Of the basiliske 793. Of the salamander and Torpedo 794. Of the sting-Ray 803. Of the Sea-hare 804. Of the Monke and Bishop-fish 1002. Of the Sea Devill 1004. Of the Sea Morse and Bore 1105. 1006. Of the Fish Hoga 1008. Of a monstrous flying fish 1009. Of Bernard the Hermite 1010. Of the sayling fiish 1011. Of the Whale 1013. Of an Estrich 1014. Of the birds of Paradise 1016. Of a Giraffa 1018. Of a Beast called Thanacth 1021. Of the beast Haijt a monstrous African beast 1022 of a Chamaeleon 1024. Figures of Furnaces and other things fit for distillation 1096 1093 1099 1101 1102. 1104. 1106 1109. Figure of a fractured arme with a wound in a fit posture 576. Of a Leg fractured with a wound and bound up 584. Of Ligatures for extension 598. How to restore the dislocated spine 605. Of putting the shoulder into joynt 609 610 611 612 613 614. Of the Ambi and the use thereof 615 616. Of restoring the dislocated Elbow 610. Of the thighbone dislocated inwards 628. Outwards 629. Of restoring a knee dislocated forwards 631 Figure of a Semicupium 670. Of a Barrell to be used in the cure of a Caruncle 743. Of the Helmet floure 807. Of the site of the child in the wombe 900. Of leaden Nipples 912. Of a glasse to sucke the breasts with 919 Figures of Artificiall Eyes 870. Of Noses 871. Of Teeth 872. Palats 873. How to supply the defect of the tongue 874. of the Eares 875. Iron Breastplates 876. of an Vrine-Bason and artificiall Yard 877. of an iron finger stall 878. of an erector of the Hand 879. of Bootes for such as are crookelegged 880. of an artificiall hand 881. of an arme and legge 882 883. of a Crutch 884 Filings of Lead their harme taken inwardly and cure 811. Filtration the manner and use thereof 1102 Fingers and their parts c. 218. their dislocation 623. Why easily restored ibid. how to take away such as be superfluous and helpe those that sticke together 661. How to supply their defects 878. Fire and the qualities thereof 6. The force thereof against the Plague 823 Fishes their industry 57. They may be tamed 64 Fisher a Fish so called 68 Flatulent Tumors their causes signes and cure 269 Flatulencies about the joynts counterfeiting the Goute 718 Fistula lachrimosa see Aegilops Fistulaes what their differences signes c. 484. Their cure ibid. In the Fundament 485. The cure 486. Vpon wounds of the Chest and the cure 391 Fleshy Pannicle the History thereof 90 Flesh quickly putrifies in maritime parts 416 Flexores musculi 230. Superior 238 Flux of blood in wounds how helped 328 Flux of the belly how to bee stopped 865 866 Flying fish of a monstrous shape 1009 Focile what 231. How to cure the separation of the greater and lesser 631. The separation from the pasterne bone 632 Fomentations and their use 1063. For broken bones 591. They hurt plethoricke bodies 591. What to bee observed in their use 591 634. Fornaces their matter and forme 1094 1096 1097 c. Fornix 168 Foxes and their craft 67 Fracture what and the differences thereof 501. Their causes 562. Signes and prognosticks ibid. Their generall cure 564. How to helpe the symptomes 566. Why deadly in the joynt of the shoulder 570. why neare a joynt more dangerous 581 Fractures of the scull their differences 337 338. Of the causes and signes 339 Signes manifest to sense 346. A Fissure the first kind of Fracture 341. How to finde it being lesse manifest 342 A contusion the second kind of fracture 343. An Effracture the third kind 346. A Seat the fourth kind 348. Resonitus the fift kind ibid. The Proguosticks 352. generall cure of them and their symptomes 356. They are hurt by venery 359 By noise 360. The particular cure 362. Why Trepaâ—ed 364 Fractures more particularly and first of the nose 567. Of the lower jaw ibid. Of the Collar-bone 568. Of the shoulderblade 569. Of the breast bone 570. Of the Ribs 571. Of the vertebrae or Rack-bones 573. Of the Holy-bone 574. Of the Rumpe ibid. Of the Hip ibid. Of the shoulder or armebone 575. Of the Cubite or Ell a Wand ibid. Of the Hand 577. Of the Thigh ibid. Of the Thigh neare the joynt 581. Of the patella or whirle-bone 582. Of the legge 582. Of the bones of the feete 591 Fractures associated with wounds how to be bound up 557 584 French Poxes see Lues venerea Frictions their kinds and use 34 Fuci how made 1078 Fumigations their differences matter and forme 1072 1073 Fundament the falling downe thereof 313 958. The causes and cure ibid. Fungus an excrescence sometimes happening in Fractures of the scull 370 371 G. GAlens Effigies and praise 1118 Gall and the bladder thereof c. 110 Ganglion what 272. Properly so called 274 Gangreene what 452. The generall and particall causes ibid. That which is occasioned by cold upon what part it seases 454. Signes 454. Prognosticks 455. The generall cure ibid. The particular cure 456 Gargareon 193 Gargarismes their matter and for me 1070. repelling ripening and detergent ones 297 Garlicke good against the Plague 823 Gastrica vena 112 Gastrepiplois vena 112 Major 〈◊〉 113 Geese their warinesse in fleeing over mount Taurus 68 Gemelli musculi 237 Gemini musculi 230 Generation what it is 23. What necessary thereto 889 Generation of the Navill 891 Giddinesse see Vertigo Ginglymos what 243 Giraffa a strange beast 1017 1018 Glandula what sort of Tumor 272 Glandula lachrimalis 182 Glandules in generall 108. At the roote of the tongue 193. Their inflammation and cure 293 294 Glans penis 126. Not rightly perforated how to be helped 663 Glysters their differences materialls c. 1050. Severall descriptions of them 1051. They may nourish 1052 Goates dung is good to discusse sehirrâ—ous tumors 279 Golden ligature how made 309 Gomplosis what 243 Gonorrhaea how different from a virulent strangury 738. The cure 740 Gout the names and kinds thereof 697. The occult causes thereof ibid. The manifest causes thereof 699. out of what parts it may flow
701. Signes that iâ— flowes from the Braine or Liver ibid. How to know this or that humor accompanying the Gouty malignitie 702. Prognostickes ibid. The generall method to prevent and cure it 704. Vomiting sometimes good 705. other generall remedies 706. Diet convenient 707. What wine not good 708. How to strengthen the joynts ibid. The palliative cure thereof 709. Locall medicines in a cold Gout 710. In a hot or sanguine Goute 713. In a Cholericke Goute 714. What is to be done after the sit is over 717. Tophi or knots how caused ibid. The hip-goute or sciatica 719. The cure thereof 720 Gristles what 136. of the nose 186. of the Larinx 194 Groines their wounds 399. Their Tumors see Bubo's Guajacum The choise faculties and parts 728. The preparation of the decoction thereof 729. The use 730 Gullet and the History thereof 157. The wounds thereof 387 Gums overgrowne with flesh how to be helped 293 Guns who their inventer 406. Their force 407. The cause of their reports 415 Gunpouder not poysonous 409. 412. How made 412 Gutta rosacea what 1080. The cure 1081 Guts their substance figure and number 105 Their site and connexion 106. Action 107. How to be taken forth 115. Signes that they are wounded 396. Their cure 397. Their Vlcers 480 H. HAemorrhoides what their differences and cure 487. In the necke of the wombe 955 Haemorrhoidalis interna 112. Externa 117 Haemorrhoidalisarteria â—ive mesenteâ—ica inferior 115 Haemorrhouâ— a Serpent his bite the signes und cure 791 Haijt a strange beast 1022 Haire what the originall and use 160. How to make it blacke 1081. 1082. How to take it off 1082 Hairy sealpe the connexion and use 160. The wounds thereof not to bee neglected ibid. The cure thereof being contused 361 Hand taken generally what 208 209. The fracture thereof with the cure 577. How to supply the defect thereof 879 881 Hares how they provide for their young 61 Hare-lips what 383. Their cure 384 Harmonia what 243 Hawkes 70 Head the generall description thereof 159. The containing and contained parts thereof 160. The musculous skin thereof ibid. Why affected when any membranous part is hurt 160. The watry Tumor thereof 289. The wounds thereof 337 338 c. The falling away of the Haire and other affects thereof 637 638 c. The dislocation thereof 603 Hearing the Organe object c. thereof 24 Heart and the History thereof 144 145. The ventricles thereof 145. Signes of the wounds thereof 388 Heate one and the same the efficient cause of all humors at the same time â—14 Three causes thereof 250 Hecticke feaver with the differences causes signes and cure 393 Hedg-hogs how they provide for their young 61 Heele and the parts thereof 234. Why a fracture thereof so dangerous ibid. The dislocation thereof 632. symptomes following upon the contusion thereof ibid. Why subject to inflammation 633 Hemicrania see Megrim Hemlocke the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 806 Henbane the poysonous quality and the cure 805 Hermaphrodites 28 and 972. Herne his sight and the Falcon. 70 Hernia and the kinds thereof 304. Humoralis 313 Herpes and the kinds thereof 264. The cure 265 Hip-gout see Sciatica Hippe the dislocation thereof 623. prognostickes 624. signes that it is dislocated out-wardly or inwardly 625. dislocated forwards 626. backwards ibid. how to restore the inward dislocation 627. the outward dislocation 629. the forward dislocation ibid. the backward dislocation 630 Hippocrates his effigies 1115 Hoga a monstrous fish 1008 Holes of the inner Basis of the scull 174. of the externall Basis thereof 175. small ones sometimes remain after the cure of great wounds 384 Holy-bone his number of Vertebrae and their use 198. the fracture thereof 575 Hordeolum an affect of the Eye-lids 642 Hornes used in stead of Ventoses 696 Horse-leaches their application and use ibid. their virulency and the cure 800 Hot-houses how made 1077 Hulpalis a monstrous beast 1017 Humeraria arteria 153 Vena 210 Humours their temperaments 11. the knowledge of them necessary ibid. their definition and division 12. Serous and secundary as Ros Cambium Gluten 15. An argument of their great putrefaction 417 Humours of the eye 182 Aqueus 183 Crystallinus 184 Vitreus ibid. Hydatis 643 Hydrargyrum the choice preparation and use thereof in the Lues venerea 731 Hydrophalia whether uncureable 787 What cure must be used therein 789 Hydrocephalos what 289. The causes differences signes c. ibid. The cure 290 Hydrocele 304. 311 Hymen 130 Whether any or no 937 A history thereof 938 Hyoides os the reason of the name composure site c. thereof 191 Hypochondria their site 85 Hypochyma 651 Hypogastricae venae 117 Hypopyon 650 Hypothenar 222 I. JAundice a medicine therefore 303 Jaw the bones thereof and their productions 178 The fracture of the lower jaw 567 How to helpeit 568 The dislocation thereof 600 The cure ibid. Ibis abird the inventer of glysters 56 Ichneumon how hee armes himselfe to assaile the Crocodile 66 Idlenesse the discommodities thereof 35 Jejunum intestinum 105 Ileon 106 Iliaca arteria 115 Vena 117 Ilium os 227 Ill conformation 41 Imagination and the force thereof 897 Impostors their impudency and craft 51 372 Impostume what their causes and differences 249 Signes of them in generall 250 Prognostickes 252 What considerable in opening of them 259 Inanition see Emptinesse Incus 163. 191 Indication whence to be drawne 5. of feeding 33. what 42. the kindes 43. a table of them 48. observable in wounds by gun-shot 426 Infant what he must take before he sucke 907 their crying what it doth 912. how to be preserved in the wombe when the mother is dead 923. See Childe Inflammation of the almonds of the throat and their cure 293. 294. of the Uvula 294. of the eyes 645 Inflammation hinders the reposition or putting dislocated members into joint 619 Insessus what their manner matter and use 1073 Instruments used in Surgery for opening abscesses 258. 259 A vent for the wombe 283. 955 An iron plate and actuall cautery for the cure of the Ranula 293 Constrictory rings to bind the Columella 295 Speculum oris ibid. 332 A trunke with cautery to cauterize the Uvula 296 An incision knife 298 An actuall cautery with the plate for the cure of the Empyema 299. of a pipe to evacuate the water in the Dropsie 303. Wherewith to make the golden ligature 310. to stitch up wounds 327 A Razour or incision knife 341. A chisel ib. Radulae vel Scalpri 343. A threefooted levatory 344. Other levatories 345. 346. Sawes to divide the skull ib. a desquamatory Trepan 346. Rostra psittaci 347. Scrapers pincers and a leaden mallet ib. A piercer to enter a Trepan 365. Trepans 366. 367. Terebellum 367. A lentill-like Scraper ib. cutting compasses 368. 369. A conduit pipe syrenge 370. to depresse the dura Meninx 1373. speculum oculi 379. for making a Seton 382. Pipes used in wounds of the chest 392. to draw out bullets
419. 420. c. Dilaters Probes to draw through flammula's 422. to draw forth arrow-heads 439. 441. A scarificator 446. A dismembring knife saw 459. A dilater to open the mouth 464. A pyoulcos or Matter-drawer 479. A Glossocomium 578. A lattin Casse 587. A pulley and hand-vice 599. the glossocomium called Ambi 615. litle hooks needles and an incision knife to take away the Web 648. files for filing the teeth 658. for cleansing drawing the teeth 660. cutting mullets to take off superfluous fingers 662. a Cathaeter 665. Gimblet to break the stone in the passage of the yard 671. other instruments to take out the stone 672. used in cutting for the stone 673. c. 680. 681. 〈◊〉 Lancet Cupping-glasses 695. Horns to be used for ventoses 696. Cathaeters to weare away caruncles 744. Trepans for rotten bones 748. actuall cauteries 749. Gryphons tallons 927. 929. Hooks to draw forth the childe 916. Specula matricis 956 Instruments when necessary in restoring broken bones 565 Intercartalaginei musculi 206. 2071 Intercostalis arteria 113. 153 Intercostales musculi externi 206. interni 207 Interosses musculi 223. 239. Intestinalis vena 112 Intromoventes musculi 230 Joy and the effects thereof 39 Joints their wounds 403. how to strengthen them 708. how to mitigate their paines caused onely by distemper 716 Ischiadica vena 224. Ischium oâ— 227 Issues or fontanells 706 Itching of the Wombe 957 Judgement why difficult 1131 Junks what 559. their use 560. K. KAll its substance c. 101. 102. what to be done when it falls out in wounds 308 Kernels of the eares 189. Kibes where bred 238 Kidneyes their substance c. 117. signes that they are wounded 397 ulcers their cure 481. 686. their heat how tempered 850 Kings-evil what the cause 274. the cure 275 Knee dislocated forward how to restore it 631 L. LAgophthalmia what 378. the causes and cure 642 Lamenes how helped 884 Lamprey their care of their young 64 Lampron their poysonons bite 801 Larinx what meant thereby 194. its magnitude figure composure c. ib. Latissimus musculus 208 Leaches see Horse-leaches Legge taken in generall what 223. the bone therof 231. the wounds 399. the fracture cure 582. the cure of the Authors legge being broken 582. 585. their crookednesse how helped 879. defect supplied 882. 883 Leprosie the causes therof 769. the signes 770 c. why called Morbus Ieoninus 771 the prognosticks diet cure 773. it sometimes followes the Lues venerea 724 Lepus marinus the poyson the symptomes cure 803 Levator musculus 208. Levatores Ani 107 Life what its effects 895. See Soule Ligaments their use 96. why without sense 198 their difference 199. their wounds 404. Ligatures for wounds are of three sorts 325 too hard hurtfull 374. they must bee neatly made 555. for what uses they chiefly serve 358. in use at this day for fractures 579. how infractures joyned with wounds 584 which for extension 598. See Bandages Lightning the wonderfull nature the stinking smell therof 414. how it may infect the Aire 781 Lime unquencht the hurtfull quality cure 810 Linimeâ—â—s are not to be used in wounds of the Chest 390. their matter form use 1055 Lion his provident care in going 66 Lion of the sea 1003. Lippiâ—udo 644 Litharge its poysonous quality cure 810 Liver what 109. its substance c. ibid. 110. sggns of the wounds therof 396. why it is called parenchyma 893 Loines their nerves 226 Loâ—gus musculus 205. 218. 232 Laies venerea what 723. the hurt it causeth ib. the causes thereof 724. in what humor the malignity resideth 725. it causes more pain in the night than in the day ib. sometimes lyes long hid ib. signes therof 746. prognosticks 727. how to be oppugned 728. to whom wine may be allowed 730. the second manner of cure ibid. the third manner of cure 734. the fourth maner 736. how to cure its symptomes 737. it causes bunches on the bones 746. rotten bones how perceived cured 747. tettars and chaps occasioned thereby and their cure 754. how to cure children of this disease 755. it kills by excesse of moisture 779 Lumbaris regio sive lumbi 85. Arteria 114. Vena 116. Lumbrici musculi 222. 239 Lungs their substance c. 142. 143. signes of their wounds 388. which curable 392. Lupiae what their causes and cure 272 Luxation 593. which uncureable 95. Lying in bed how it must bee 36 M MAdde dogge see Dogge Magick and the power thereof 989 Magistrates office in time of plague 829 Males of what seed generated 888 Malleolus one of the bones of the auditory passage 163. 191 Mammillary processes 166. their use 169 Mammaria arteria 153 Man his excellency 74. c. the division of his body 83. why distinguished into male and female 885 Mandrake its danger and cure 806 Marrow why it may seeme to have the sense of feeling 589 Masseter muscle 188 Mastoideus musculus 204 Masticatories their forme and use 1069 Matrix see Wombe Medow-saffron the poysonous quality therof and cure 809 Meat the quantity and quality thereof 31 accustomed more grateful and nourishing 32. order to be observed in eating 33. the time ib. fit to generate a Callus 589 Meazels what their matter 757. why they itch not 758. their cure 759 Mediastinum its substance c. 141 Medicines their excellency 1027. their definition and difference in matter and substance 1028. in qualities and of their first faculties 1029. their second third fourth faculties 1033. the preparation 1037. the composition necessity and use therof 1049 Megrim the causes c. thereof 640 Melancholy the temper therof 11. the nature consistence c. 13. the effects thereof 15. of it corrupted 16 Melancholick persons their complexion c 18. why they hurt themselves 786. Meliceris what kinde of tumor 271 Membranosus musculus 232 Memorie what 897 Menstruall fluxe signes of the first approach thereof 950. See Courses Meninges their number c. 164 Mercury sublimate its caustick force 809 the cure 810 Meremaid 1004 Mesentery its substance c. 108. the tumors therof 929. the sink of the body 930 Midriffe its substance c. 141. 142. signes of the wounds thereof 388 Milk soon corrupts in a phlegmatick stomack 907. the choice therof 909. how to drive it downewards 918. Millepes cast forth by urine 762 Milt see Spleene Mola the reason of the name and how bred 925. how to be discerned from a true conception 925. a history and description of a strange one 926. the figure thereof 927. what cure to be used thereto 928. Mollifying medicines 141. 142 Monks-hood the poyson and cure 905 Monstrous creatures bred in man 762 c. Monsters what 961 their causes descriptions 962. c. caused by defect of seed 975. by imagination 978. by straitnesse of the womb 980. by the site of the mother ib. by a stroak c. 981. by confusion of seed of
divers kinds 982. by the craft of the Devil 985. Of the Sea 1001. 1002. c. Morse Sea-calfe or Elephant 1005. 1006 Mortification and the signes thereof 475 Mother see Womb. Mothers fittest to nurse their own children 907. their milk most familiar to them ib. Motion which voluntary 25. taken for all manner of exercise 34 Mouth and the parts therof 193. the ulcers and their cure 478. how to prevent heal them in cure of the Lues venerea 735 Mummie frequently used in contusions 447. not good therein 448 Mundificatives 1043 Muscles what 92. their differences and whence taken 93 c. their parts 95. a further enquirie into the parts of them 96. Muscles of the Epigastrium 97. of the fundament 106. of the testicles 120. of the bladder 124. of the yard 125. the broad muscle 180. that open and shut the eye ibid. of the eye 182. of the nose 186. of the face ibid. of the lower jaw 188. of the bone Hyoides 191. of the tongue 192. of the Larinx 194. of the Epiglottis 195. of the neck 199. of the chest loines 205 206. 207. of the shoulder-blade 207. of the arme 214. of the cubit 217. moving the hand 220. of the inside of the hand 222. moving the thigh 229. of the legge 232. moving the foot 237. of the toes 238. An epitome or briefe recitall of all the muscles 244. 245. Musculous skinne of the head 160. the wounds thereof and their cure 360. Musculosae venae 117. Arteriae 153. Mushromes their hurtfull and deadly quality and the cure 805. Musicke the power thereof 49. Mydriasis a disease of the eye the cause and cure 650. N. NAiles why added to the fingers 209. why grow continually ibid. whence generated 220. Napellus the poysonous quality cure 805 Narcotickes 257. cautions in their use 264 improperly termed Anodines 1048. Nata what 272. Nates 168. Nature oft doth strange things in curing diseases 385. Naturall parts and their division 84. Naturall see Things Faculties Actions Navell what the figure and composure 133. the generation thereof 891. the relaxation thereof in children 959. the swelling or standing forth thereof 303. the cure 304. Nautilus or sayling-fish 1011. Neck the parts therof 196. the wounds thereof 386. the dislocation therof 603. Necrosis or mortification 457. Nerves what 96. their distribution to the naturall parts 115. of the sixth conjugation and their distribution 152. Ramus costalis ib. recurrens ib. stomachicus 153. their seven conjugations 170. Nerves of the neck back and armes 212. of the loines holy-bone and thigh 226. Nerves and nervous parts their wounds 399. their cure 400. Night-shade the deadly night-shade his poysonous quality and the cure 805. Nightingales sing excellently 72. Nipples 138. how to help their soreness 912 Nodus what 272. Nodules their forme and use 1053. Northren people how tempered 20. Nose and the parts thereof 186. the wounds thereof 384. their cure ib. how to supply the defect thereof 871. the ulcers thereof 477. their cure ib. the fracture 567. Nurses their error in binding and lacing of children 606. they may infect children with the Lues venerea and be infected by them 724. participate their diseases to their children 907. the choice of them 908. 909. of their diet and other circumstances 910. Nutrition what 22. 24. Nymphae 130. O. OBlique descendent muscles 97. ascendent muscles 98. Obliquator externus musculus 221. Obturatores musculi 230. Oedema what 267. which tumors referr'd thereto 254. the differences thereof 267. the causes ib. signs prognosticks cure 268 Oesophagus or Gullet the substance attractive force c. thereof 157. the magnitude figure site temper and action 158. Oile of whelps the description and use therof 409. 423. it helps forward the scailing of bones 751. Oiles and the severall making of them 1054. 1055. 1102. by distillation 1103. out of gums 1106. 1107. Ointments their differences descriptions and use 1056. 1057. 1058. Old age and the division thereof 9. it is a disease 32. Old wives medicines 991. Olecranum what 217. Omentum or the Kâ—ll the substance magnitude figure and composure thereof 101. the connexion temper and twofold use 102. it somtimes hinders conception ibid. Operations of Surgery of what nature 4. why some which are mentioned by the Antients are omitted by our Author 1138. 1139. Opium why not used in poysoning 806. the symptomes caused by it and their cure ib. Order to bee observed in eating our meate c. 33. in lying to sleepe 34. Organicall parts which 81. What observable in each of them ibid. Orifices of the heart 146. Orpiment the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 810. Os ossa occipitis 162. Basiliare ibid. Coronale ib. Bregmatis sive parietalia ib. Petrosa ibid. Cuneiforme sive sphenoides ib. Ethmoides cribrosum seu spongiosum ibid. Zygoma sive jugale 178. Hyoides ypsiloides c. 191. Sesamoidia 220. Ilium 227. Ischium ibid. Pubis 228. Innominata 234. See Bones Ozaena a filthy ulcer of the nose the cause and cure 477. P. PAine and the causes thereof 250. It must be asswaged 256. The discommodities thereof 257. In wounds how helped 329. Pallate the nerves holes and coat thereof c. 193. How to supply the defects thereof 873. Palmaris musculus 222. Palsie the differences causes c. thereof 332. The cure 333. Followes upon wounds of the necke 386. Pancreas the substance site c. thereof 109. The tumours thereof 929. Pannicle see Fleshy Pappe how to be made for children 911. and the condition thereof ibid. Paracentesis and the reasons for and against it 301. The place where and manner how 302. Parassoupi a strange beast 1018. Parastates their substance c. 120. Paronychia what 314. The cure ibid. Parotides their site and use 191. Their difference prognosticke cure c. 291. 292. Partridge their care of their young 60. Parts similar 81. Organicall ibid. Instrumentall 82. Things considerable in each part ibid. Principall parts which and why so called ibid. Of generation 82. 886. distinguished into three 83. The containing parts of the lower belly 87. Of the chest 137. Passions of the minde their force 39. They helpe forward putrefaction 820. Pastinaca marina or the sting-Ray 802. Patella what 231. Pectoralis musculus 208. Pedium what 234. Pediosus musculus 238. Pelvis the site and use thereof 168. Pericardium and the history thereof 143. Pericranium what and the use thereof 160. Perinaeum what 125. Periostium 160. Peritonaeum the substance and quantity thereof 100. The figure composure site use c. 101. Perone 231. Peronaeus musculus 237. Perturbations of the minde see Passions Pessaries their forme and use 1053. 1054. Pestilence see Plague Pestilent feaver how bred 837. Pharinx what 194. Phlebotomy the invention thereof 56. Necessary in a Synochus putrida 261. The use scope c. thereof 691. How to be performed 693. See Blood-letting Phlegme the temper thereof 11. is blood halfe concocted 13. Why it hath no proper receptacle ibid. The nature
consistence colour taste and use ibid. The effects thereof 14. Not naturall how bred and the kindes thereof 16. How many waies it becomes so 267. Phlegmaticke persons their manners and diseases 17. In fasting they feed upon themselves 707. Phlegmon what kinde of tumour 254. What tumours may be reduced thereto 253. How different from apblegmonous tumour 254. How generated ibid. The causes and signes thereof 255. The cure 256. The cure when it is ulcerated 258. Phrenica Arteria 113. Phthisis oculi 646. Phymosis paraphymosis what 663. Physick the subject thereof 81. Physicians to have care of such as have the plague how to be chosen 830. Physocele 304. Pia mater the consistence use c. 164. Pidgeons see Doves Pilot fish 67. Pine glandule 168. Pinna auris which 189. Pinna Pinnoter 1011. Pismire see Ant Pith of the backe 175. Plague what 817. How it comes to kill ib. Divine causes therof 818. Naturall causes ibid. Signes of the aire and earth that prognosticate it 821. Cautions in aire and diet to prevent it 822. Preservatives against it 824. 825. 826. Other observations for prevention 828. Such as die thereof quickly putrefie 829. How such as undertake the cure thereof must arme themselves 831. Signes of infection 832. Mortall signes 833. Signes thereof without fault of the humors ib. with the putrefaction of them 834. Prognostickes therein 835. What to be done when one findes himselfe infected 837. Diet 839. 840. 841. Antidotes 843. 844. Epithemes to strengthen the principall parts 845. Whether purging and bleeding bee necessary at the beginning 845. What purges fit 847. Symptomes accompanying the disease 849. Spots or Tokens 851. Their cure 852. Sores 853. c. See Bubo's and Carbuncles Sundry evacuations 861. 862. How to cure infants and children thereof 867. Plaister the hurtfull qualitie thereof and the cure 810. Plasters see Emplasters Plantaris musculus 238. Pleura what the originall magnitude figure c. 140. Pleurisie what 298. Plexus choroides 167. Pneumatocele 312. Polypus the reason of the name 290. The differences ibid. The cure 291. Poplitaeus musculus 233. Porus biliaris 111. Potentiall Cauteries 1064. 1065. Pox French Pox see Lues venerea Small pox what their matter 757. What pernitious symptomes may happen upon them 758. Prognostickes ibid. The cure 759. What parts to be armed against and preserved therefrom 760. Poysons the cause of writing them 775. What they are ibid. Their differences 776. All of them have not a peculiar Antipapathy with the heart ibid. How in small quantities they may work great alterations by touch onely ibid. The reasons of their wondrous effects 777. none of them kill at a set time ibid. How they kill sooner or later ibid. Whether things feeding on poysons be poysonous ibid. Generall signes that one is poysoned 778. How to shun poyson 780. The generall cure of poysons ibid. Whether vapours arising from things burnt may poyson one 781. Each poyson hath its proper effects 782. Their effects and prognosticks ibid. The cure of poysonous bites 783. Poyson of Adders Asps Toads c. see Adders Asps Toads c. Poysonous plants and the remedies against them 805. Poysons of Minerals and their remedies 809. Praeputium 126. to helpe the shortnesse thereof and such as have beene circumcised 662. The ulcers thereof are worse than those of the Glans 737. Praeparation of simple medicines and the divers kinds thereof 1037. Preservatives against the plague 824. 825. 826. Principall parts which and why so called 82. Processus mammillares 167. Processes of the Vertebrae right oblique transverse 196. that called the tooth ib. Acromion and Coracoides 208. Prodigie what 961. divers of them 1025. 1026. Prognostickes in Impostumes 252. in an Erisipelas 267. in an Oedema 268. in a Scyrrhus 278. in a quartain Agâ—e 285. in an Aneurisma 287. in the Parotides 291. in the Dropsie 300. in a Sarcocele 312. in wounds 323. in fractures of the skull 352. in wounds of the liver and guts 397. in a Gangrenâ— 455. in ulcers 468. in Fractures 562. in Dislocations 595. in a dislocated Jaw 600. in the dislocated Vertebrae 606. in a dislocated Hippe 624. in the stone 666. in suppression of the urine 684. in the ulcerated reines and bladder 686. in the Gout 702. in the Lues venerea 727. in a virulent strangury 739. in the small pox 758. in the leprosie 773. concerning poysons 782. in the bite of a mad dogge 787. in the plague 835. in plague sores 857. Pronatores musculi 222. Properties of a good Surgeon 5. Proptosis oculi 646. Prostates 121. Proud flesh in ulcers how helped 472. Psilothra their forme and use 1082. Pudendae venae 117. Pulse the triple use thereof 22. Pulsation in a Phlegmon how caused 255. Pultiâ—â—es how different from Cataplasmes 1062. Punctus aureus 309. Puncture of a nerve why deadly 400. Purging whether necessary in the beginning of pestilent diseases 845. Purple spots or tokens in the plague 851. Their cure 852. Pus or quitture the signes thereof 258. Now it may flow from the wounded part and bee evacuated by urine and stoole 684. Putrefaction in the plague different from common putrefaction 819. Three causes thereof 820. Pyes may be taught to speake 72. Pylorus 104. Pyramidall muscles 99. Pyrotickes their nature kindes and use 1046. Q. QUadrigemini musculi 230. Quartaine ague or feaver the causes signes symptomes 284. Prognosticks and cure 285. Quicksilver why so called 811. Whether hot or cold ibid. Wherefore good 812. The kindes thereof ibid. How to purifie it 813. See Hydrargyrum Quotidian feaver the cause thereof 275. The signes symptomes c. 276. The cure 277. How to bee distinguished from a double Tertian ibid. R. RAcke-bones their fracture 573. Radish root drawes out venome powerfully 860. Radius what 217. Ramus splenicus 112. Mesenteriacus 113. Ranula why so called the cause and cure 293. Rats-bane or Roseager the poysonous quality and care 810. Raving see Delyrium Reason and the functions thereof 897. Recti musculi 202. 232. Rectum intestinum 106. Reines see Kidneies Remedies supernaturall 989. See medicines Remora the wondrous force thereof 1013 Repletio ad vasa ad vires 37. Repercussives 461. What disswades their use 253. When to be used 256. Fit to bee put into and upon the eye 379. Their differences c. 1038. Reports how to be made 1121. Resolving medicines and their kindes 1040. Resolving and strengthening medicines 264. 292. Respiration how a voluntary motion 25. The use thereof 143. Rest necessary for knitting of broken bones 580. Rete mirabile 172. Whether different from the Plexus choroides 174. Rhinocerote 65. His enmity with the Elephant 1023. Rhomboides musculus 206. 208. Ribs their number connexion and consistence 139. Their contusion and a strange symptome sometimes happening thereon 447. Their fracture the danger and cure 571. Symptomes ensuing thereon 572. Their dislocation and cure 607. Right muscles of the Epigastrium 98. Rim of the belly 100. The figure composure c.
thereof 101. Ring-wormes 264. Rotula genu 231. Rough artery 156. Rowlers see Bandages Rules of Surgery 1119. Rumpe the fractures thereof 575. The dislocation thereof 607. The cure ibid. Ruptures 304. Their kindes ibid. Their cure 305. 306. 307. 311. S. SAcer musculus 207. Sacrae venae 117. Sacro-lumbus musculus 206. Salamander the symptomes that ensue upon his poyson and the cure 793. Salivation 38. Sanguine persons their manners and diseases 17. Sapheia vena when and where to be opened 224. Sarcocele 304. The progrostickes and cure 312. Sarcotickes simple and compound 1044. None truely such ibid. Scabious the effect thereof against a pestilent Carbuncle 860. Scailes how knowne to be severed from the bones 586. Scailes of Brasse their poysonous quality and cure 810. Of iron their harme and cure ibid. Scald-head the signes and cure thereof 638. Scalenus musculus 205. Scalpe hairy scalpe 160. Scaphoides os 234. Scarrs how to helpe their deformity 861. Scarus a fish 67. Sceleton 239. 240. 241. what 242. Sciatica the cause c. 719. The cure 720. Scirrhus what 278. What tumours referred thereto 254. The differences signes and prognosticks 278. Cure ibid. Scorpion bred in the braine by smelling to Basill 761. Their description sting and cure 797. Scrophulae their cause and cure 274. Scull and the bones thereof 162. The fractures thereof See Fractures Depression thereof how helped 344. Where to be trepaned 369. Sea feather and grape 1007. Sea-hare his description poyson and the cure thereof 803. Seasons of the yeare 10. Secundine why presently to be taken away after the birth of the childe 904. Why so called 906. Causes of the stay and symptoms that follow thereon ibid. Seed bones 220. 236. Seed the condition of that which is good 885. The qualities 888. The ebullition thereof c. 893. Why the greatest portion therof goes to the generation of the head and brain 894. Seeing the instrument object c. thereof 24. Semicupium the forme manner and use thereof 1073. Semispinatus musculus 207. Sense common sense and the functions thereof 896. Septum lucidum 167. Septicke medicines 1046. Serpent Haemorrous his bite cure 791. Seps his bite and cure ibid. Basiliske his bite and cure 792. Aspe his bite and cure 794. Snake his bite and cure 795. Serratus musculus major 206. posterior superior ibid. minor 208. Serous humour 15. Sesamoidia ossa 220. 236. Seton wherefore good 381. the manner of making thereof ibid. Sepe what and the difference thereof 27â— Histories of the change thereof 974. Shame and shame fac'tnesse their effects 40 Shin bone 231. Shoulder-blade the fractures thereof 569. the cure 570. the dislocation 608. the first manner of restoring it 609. the second manner 610. the third maner 611. the fourth manner ibid. the fifth 612. the sixth 614. how to restore it dislocated forwards 617. outwards 618. upwards ibid. Signes of sanguine cholericke phlegmatick and melancholick persons 17. 18. Signes in generall whereby to judge of diseases 1122. c. Silkewormes their industry 60. Similar parts how many and which 81. Simple medicines their difference in qualities and effects 1029. hot cold moist drie in all degrees 1031. 1032. their accidentall qualities 1032. their preparation 1037. Siren 1001. Skin twofold the utmost or scarfe-skin 88. the true skin 89. the substance magnitude c. thereof ib. Sleepe what it is 35. the fit time the use and abuse thereof 36. when hurtfull 277. how to procure it 850. Smelling the object and medium thereof 24. Snake his bite and the cure 795. Solanum manicum the poysonous quality and cure 805. Soleus musculus 238. Solution of continuitie 42. why harder to repaire in bones 562. Sorrow the effects thereof 39. Soule or life what it performes in plants beasts men 7. when it enters into mans body c. 895. Sounds whence the difference 191. Southerne people how tempered 17. South winde why pestilent 823. Sowning what the causes and cure 334. Sparrowes with what care they breed their young 58. Spermatica arteria 114 vena 116. Spermatick vessels in men 119. in women 126. the cause of their foldings 887. Sphincter muscle of the fundament 106. of the bladder 124. Spiders their industry 58. their differences and bites 798. Spinall marrow the coats substance use c. thereof 175. signes of the wounds thereof 389. Spinatus musculus 205. Spine the dislocation thereof 602. 603. how to restore it 604. a further enquirie thereof 605. prognosticks 606. Spirit what 25. threefold viz. Animall Vitall and Naturall 25. 26. fixed ib. their use 27. Spirits how to be extracted out of herbs and flowers c. 1105. Spleene the substance magnitude figure c. thereof 111 112. Splenius musculus 201. Splints and their use 559. Spring the temper thereof 10. Squinancie the differences symptomes c. thereof 296. the cure 297. Stapes one of the bones of the Auditorie passage 163. 191. Staphiloma an affect of the eyes the causes thereof 649. Stars how they worke upon the Aire 30. Steatoma what 271. Sternon the anatomicall administration thereof 139. Sternutamentories their description and use 1068. Stinging of Bees Wasps Scorpions c. see Bees Wasps Scorpions c. Sting-Ray the symptomes that follow his sting and the cure 802. Stink an inseparable companion of putrefaction 318. Stomacke the substance magnitude c. thereof 103. the orifices thereof 104. signes of the wounds thereof 396. the ulcers thereof 480. Stones see Testicles Stone the causes thereof 664. signes of it in the kidneyes and bladder ibid. prognostickes 666. the prevention thereof 667. what to bee done when the stone falls into the ureter 669. signes it is fallen out of the ureter into the bladder 670. what to be done when it is in the necke of the bladder or the passage of the yard 671. how to cut for the stone in the bladder 672. 673. 674. c. how to cure the wound 679. to help the ulcer when the urine flowes out by it 681. how to cut women for the stone 682. divers strange ones mentioned 996. 997. Storkes their piety 61. Stoves how to be made 1077. Strangury the causes c. thereof 688. a virulent one what 738. the causes and differences thereof ibid. prognostickes 739. from what part the matter thereof flowes ibid. the generall cure 740. the proper cure 741. why it succeedeth immoderate copulation 887. Strangulation of the mother or womb 939. signes of the approach thereof 941. the causes and cure 942. Strengthening medicines see Corroborating Strumae see Kings-evill Sublimate see Mercury Subclavian see Arterie and Veine Subclauius musculus 206. Succarath a beast of the west Indies 61 Suffusio see Cataract Sugillations see Contusions Summer the temper thereof 10. Supinatores musculi 221. Suppuration the signes thereof 251. caused by naturall heat 275. Suppuratives 258. 275. 292. an effectuall one 433. their differences c. 1041. how they differ from emollients ibid. Superfoetation what 924. the reason thereof ibid. Suppositories their difference
forme and use 1703. Suppression of urine see Urine Surgery what 3. the operations thereof 4. Surgeons what necessary for them 3. their office 4. the choice of such as shall have care of those sick of the plague 830. they must be carefull in making reports 1121 how long in some cases they must suspend their judgements I. 122. they must have a care lest they bring Magistrates into an error 1128. how to report or make certificates in divers cases 1129 Sutures of the skull their number c. 161 wanting in some ib. why not to be trepaned 162. 167. Sutures in wounds their sorts and maner how to be performed 326. 327. Sweating sicknesse 821 Sweet bread 108. Sweet waters 1083 Swine assist their fellowes 67 Symptomes their denfition and division 42 Sympathy and Antipathy of living creatures 73 Symphysis a kinde of articulation 243 Synarcosis Synarthrosis Synchondrosis Syneurosis 243 Synochus putrida its cause and cure 261 T. TAlparia what 272 Tarentula's poysonous bite cure 49 Tarsus what 181 Tastes what their differences 1034. their several denominations natures 1035. Tasting what 22. Teeth their number division use 179 wherein they differ from other bones ib. pain of them how helped 401. their affects 657. how to draw them 659. to cleanse theÌ„ 660. how to supply their defect 872. to help the pain in breeding them 959 Temporall muscle 188. what ensues the cutting thereof 369 Temperament what the division therof 7 ad pondus ib. ad justitiam 8. of a bone ligament gristle tendon veine artery 9. of ages ib. of humours 11. Temper of the foure seasons of the yeare 10 native temper how changed 18 Temperatures in particular as of the southerne northern c. people 19. 20 Tensores musculi 230. Tentigo 130 Tertian agues or feavers their causes c. 265. their cure 266 Testicles their substance 119. in women 126. their wounds 399 Testudo what 272 Tettars their kinds and causes 264. their cure 265. 1081. occasioned by the Lues venerea 754. their cure ib. Thanacth a strange beast 1021 Thenar musculus 222. 238. Thigh the nerves thereof 226. its proper parts 227. and wounds thereof 399. Thigh-bone the appendices and processes thereof 228. 229. the fracture and cure 577. nigh to the joint 580. its dislocation 623. 720. see Hip. Things naturall 5. not naturall 29. why so called ib. against nature 41 Thorax the chest and parts thereof 135 Thoracica arteria 153 Throat how to get out bones and such like things that sticke therein 655 Throttle and the parts thereof 194 Throwes and their cause 903 Thymus what 156. Tibia 231 Tibiaeus anticus musculus 237. posticus 238. Tinea what 638 Toad his bite and cure 796 Tongue its quantity c. 192. its wounds its cure 385. its impediment contraction and the cure 661. to supply its defects 873. Tonsillae 293. their inflammations and their cure 293. 294 Tooth-ache the causes signes c. 656. Tophi or knots at the joints in some that have the gout how caused 717. in the Lues venerea how helped 746 Torpedo his craft stupefying force 794 Touching how performed 22 Toucha a strange bird 1016 Trapezius musculus 208 Transverfarius musculus 205 Transverse muscles of the Epigastrium 99 Treacle how usefull in the gout 706. how it dulls the force of simple poysons 783 Trepan when to be applied 342. their description 365. where to be applyed 369 Trepaning why used 364. how performed ib. a caution in performance thereof 366 Triangulus musculus 207 Triton 1001. Trochanter 229 Trusses their forme and use 306. 307. Tumors their differences 249. their generall causes signes 250. generall cure 252. which hardest to be cured ib. the four principall 253. flatulent watrish their signs and cure 269. 270. of the gums 292. of the almonds of the throat 293. of the navell 303. of the groine and cods 304. of the knees 314 Turtles 62 Tympanites sâ—â— Dropsie V. VAlves of the heart their action site c. 146. Varicous bodies 120 Varices what their causes signes and cure 483. Vâ—… breve seu venosum 113 Vsa ejaculatoria 121. Vasti musculi 232 Veine what 97. Gate veine its distribution 112. descendent hollow veine its distribution ascendent hollow veine its distribution 116 they are more than arteries 155. those of the eies 184. which to bee opened in the inflammation of the eies 186. the cephalick 210. median ib. distribution of the subclavian vein ib. of the axilary 211. of the crurall 224 Venae porta 112. cava 216. arteriosa 147. phreâ—icae coronales azygos intercostalis mammariae cervicalis musculosa 148. axillaris humeralis jugularis interna externa 149. recta pupis 152. cephalica humeraria mediana 210. salvatella plenica 211. sapheia vel saphena ischiadica 224. muscula poplitea suralis ischiadica major 225 Venery its discommodities in wounds of the head 359 Venemous bites and stings how to be cured 783 Venome of a mad dog outwardly applied causeth madnesse 787 Ventoses their form and use 694. 695 Ventricle see stomacke Ventricles of the brain 166 Verdegreace its poysonous quality and cure 810 Vertebrae their processes 196. of the neck ib. of the holy-hone 198. how different from those of the loins 205. Tenth of the back how the middle of the spine 206 their dislocation See Spine Vertigo its causes signes 639. the cure 640 Vessels for distillation 1094. 1096. 1097 c. Vesicatories why better than cauteries in cure of a pestilent bubo 854. whereof made 1046. their description and use 1067. Viper see Adder Virginity the signes thereof 1128 Vitall parts which 84. their division ibid. Vitreus humor 184 Viver or as some terme it the Weaver a fish his poysonous pricke the cure 801 â—cers conjoined with tumors how cured 265. inâ—… at bodies not easily cured 417. their nature â—…uses c. 466. 467. signes prognosticks 468 their generall cure 470. signes of a distempered one the cure 471. a painefull one the cure 472. with proud flesh in them ib. putrid and breeding wormes 473. a sordid one ibib a maligne virulent and eating one 474. advertisements concerning the time of dressing ulcers 475. how to bind them up 476. such as run are good in time of the plague 828. Ulcers in particular first of the eyes 476. of the nose 477. of the mouth 478. of the eares 479. of the winde-pipe weazon stomack guts 480. of the kidneis bladder 481. of the wombe 482. that happen upon the fracture of the leg rump and heele 586 how to prevent them 587. they must be seldome drest when the callus is breeding 589 Umbilicall vessels how many what 892 Unction to bee used in the Lues venerea 731. their use 732. cautions in their use ib. and the inconveniences following the immoderat use 734 Ungula or the web on the eye the causes prognostickes and cure 647 Unguentum adstringens 1056 nutritum ib. aureum ib.
basilicum sive tetrapharmacum ib. diapompholigos 1057. desiccativum rub ib. enulatum ib. Album Rhasis ib. Altheae ib. populeon ib. apostolorum ib. comitissae ib. pro stomacho 1058. ad morsus rabiosos 〈…〉 ibid. Unicorn if any such beast what the name imports 813. what the ordinary horns are 814. not effectual against poyson ib. effectuall onely to dry ib. in what cases good 815 Voices whence so various 194 Vomits their force 38. their descriptions 277 Vomiting why it happens in the Collick 106. the fittest time therfore 705. to make it easie ib. Voyages and other employments wherein the Author was present of Thurin 1142. of Marolle low Britany 1144. of Perpignan 1145. of Landresie Bologne 1146. of Germany 1147. of Danvilliers 1148. of Castle of Compt 1149. of Mets 1150. of Hedin 1155. Battell of S. Quintin 1164. Voyage of Amiens of Harbour of Grace 1165. to Roven ib. battell of Dreux 1166 of Moncontour 1167. voyage of Flanders 1168. of Burges 1172. battell of S. Denis 1172. voyage of Bayon 1173 Uraclius 134. Ureters their substance c. 123 Urine sâ—opt by dislocation of the thigh-bone 626 suppression thereof how deadly 666. how it happens by internall causes 683. by externall 684 prognosticks ib. things unprofitable in the whole body purged thereby 683. bloody the differences and causes thereof 685. the cure 687. scalding therof how helped 740. a receptacle for such as cannot keepe it 877. Urines of such as have the plague somtimes like those that are in health 832 Utelif a strange fish 69. Uvea tunica 183 Vulnerary potions their use 752. the names of the simples whereof they are composed 753. their form and when chiefly to bee used ib. Uvula the site use therof 193. the inflaÌ„mation and relaxation thereof 294. the cure 295. W. WAlnut tree and the malignity therof 808 Warts of the neck of the womb 955. their cure 956. Washes to be beautifie the skin 1079 Wasps their stinging how helped 789 Watching and the discommodities thereof 37 Water its qualities 6. best in time of plague 824 Waters how to bâ—â—distilled 1099. Watrish tumors their signes and cure 269. 270 Weapons of the Antients compared with those of the moderne times 407 Weazon the substance c. therof 156. how to be opened in extreme diseases 294. the wounds therof 387. the ulcers thereof 480 Weaknesse two causes thereof 250 Web on the eye which curable which not 647 the cure ibid. Wedge bone 172 Weights and measures with their notes 1049 Wens their causes and cure 272. 273. how to distinguish them in the breast from a Cancer 273 Whale why reckoned among monsters 1012. they bring forth young suckle them ib. how caught ibid. Whale-bone 1013 Whirle-bone the fracture thereof and cure 582 the dislocation thereof 630 White lime 100 Whites the reason of the name differences c. 952. causes 953. their cure 954 Whitlowes 314 Wine which not good in the Gout 708 Winds their tempers and qualities 20. 30 Winter and the temper thereof 10. how it encreaseth the native heat 11 Wisedome the daughter of memorie and experience 898 Witches hurtby the Devils assistance 989 Wolves their deceits and ambushes 66 Wombe the substance magnitude c. thereof 128. 129. the coats thereof 132. signes of the wounds thereof 347. ulcers therof their cure 482. when it hath received the seed it is shut up 891. the falling downe thereof how caused 906 it is not distinguished into cells 924. a scirrhus thereof 930. signes of the distemper thereof 933 which meet for conception ib. of the falling down pervertion or turning thereof 934. the cure therof 935. it must be cut away when it is putrefyed 936. the strangulation or suffocation therof 939. see Strangulation Women their nature 27. how to know whether they have conceived 890. their travell in child-birth and the cause thereof 899. what must bee done to them presently after their deliverance 917. bearing many children at a birth 970. 971 Wonderfull net 172 Wondrous originall of some creatures 1000. nature of some marine things ibid. Wormes in the teeth their causes and how killed 658. bred in the head 762. cast forth by urine 765. how generated and their differences ibid. of monstrous length 766. signes ib. the cure 7â—7 Wounds may be cured only with liâ—â— water 52 Wounds termed great in three respects 323 112. Wounds poysoned how cured â—80 Wounds of the head at Paris and of the leg at Avignon why hard to bee cured 4â—7 Wounds what the divers appellation and divison of them 321. their causes signes 322. prognostickes 323. small ones sometimes mortall 324 their cure in generall ibid. to stay their bleeding 328. to helpe paine 329. why some die of small ones and others recover of great 351. whether better to cure in children or in old people 352 Wounds of the head see Fractures Of the musculous skinne thereof 360. their cure 361. of the face 378. of the eye-browes ib. of the eyes 379 of the cheeke 382. of the nose 384. of the tongue 385. of the eares 386. of the necke and throat ibid. of the weazon and Gullet 387. of the chest 388. of the heart lungs and midriffe ibid. of the spine 389. what wounds of the lungs cureable 392. of the Epigastrium or lower belly 396. their cure 397. of the Kall and fat 398. of the groines yard and testicles 399. of the thighes and legges ibid. of the nerves and nervous parts ibid. of the joints 403. of the ligaments 404 Wounds contused must be brought to suppuration 417 Wounds made by gun-shot are not burnt neither must they be cauterized 408. they may be dressed with suppuratives 410. why hard to cure ibid. why they looke blacke 413. they have no Eschar ibid. why so deadly 415. in what bodies not easily cured 417. their division 418. signes ibid. how to be drest at the first 419. 423. how the second time 424. they all are contused 432 Wounds made by arrowes how different from those made by gunshot 438 Wrest and the bones thereof 218. the dislocation thereof and the cure 622 Y YArd and the parts thereof 125. the wound thereof 399. to helpe the cord thereof 663 the maligne ulcers thereof 737. to supply the defect thereof for making water 877 Yew tree his malignity 807 Z ZIrbus the Kall the substance c. thereof 101 FINIS * In his Epistle prefixed before the Latine edition of this author * Vide Aul. Gel. l. 20. c. 4. * Gal. de simp l. 6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Genes 1. Ecclesiast 38. 1. plin l. 7 c. 2. In what esteeme Phisitions have formerly beene Names given to Plants Phisicke is devided into 3 parts The excellency of Chirurgery The definition of Chirurgerie What necessary for a Chirurgion The nature of a Chirurgion Experience more necessary for a Chirurgion thau Art Examples of taking away that which is superfluous * Two tunicles of the eyes Examples of replacing Example of
Laâ—…x The head is mooved by 14. Muscles The 8. Muscles of the necke The Muscles of the chest 18. The 8. muscles of the lower belly The 6. or 8. of the loines The two Cremasters of the Testicles The three of the fundament The muscles of the Arme 〈◊〉 generall 32. The muscles of the legge in generall 50. What an Impostume vulgarly so called is The materiall causes of Impostumes or unnaturall tumors After what manner tumours against nature are chiefely made Three causes of heat Foure causes of paine Two causes of weaknesse Two causes of congestion The principall signes of tumors are drawne from the essence of the part Lib. 2. ad Glaue 13. method The proper signes of a sanguine tumor of a plegmaticke of a melancholick of a cholerick The knowledge of tumors by their motion and exacerbation Lib. 2. Epidem The beginning of an impostume The encrease The State The signes of a tumor to be terminated by resolution The signes of suppuration The signes and causes of a tumor terminated in a Scyrrhus The signes of a Gangrene at hand Of disappearance of a tumor and the signes thereof Cold tumors require a longer cure Tumors made of matter not naturall are more difficultly cured Hippo. Aph. 8. sect 6. What must be considered in undertaking the cure of tumors What we must understand by the nature of the part What we must understand by the faculty of the part What we must consider in performing the cure What things disswade us from using repercussives What tumors may be reduced to a Phlegmon Which to an Erysipelas Which to an Oëdema Which to a Scyrrhus What a true Phlegmon is A Phlegmon one thing and a Phlegmonous tumor another Gal. lib. de tumoribus 2. ad Glanc Hippoc. lib. de vâ—ln cap. Gal. lib. de tumor praeier naturam The cause of a beating paine in a Phlegmon Comm. ad Aph. 21. sect 7. Another kinde of Pulsation in a phlegmon The primitive causes of a Plegmon The Antecedent and conjunct The signes of a Phlegmon Gal. l. de Tum What kinde of diet must be prescribed in a Plegmon How to divert the defluxion of humors The paine must be asswaged When we must use repercussives What locall medicines we must use in the encrease What in the state What in the declination The correction of the accidents The discommodities of paine Medicines aswaging paine Narcoticke medicineâ— The signes of a Phlegmon turning to an Abscesse Lib. 〈◊〉 ad Glauâ— Cap. 7. Suppurative medicines The signes of pâ—… or matter Hip. lib. de Fistulâ— What the cure must be after the opening of the Abscesse Detersive Medicines Vngâ—entum de Appiâ— The â—eaver of a Phlegmon What a Feaver is What an Ephemera or Diarye is The causes thereof Aphorism 55. lib. 4. The signes of a Diarie Why in a Diarye the vrines like to these in health The unputride Synochus The cure of a Diary feaver The use of wine in a Diarye How a putride Synochus is caused Phlebotomy necessary in a putride Sâ—â—â—chuâ— What benefit we may reape by drawing blood even to fainting Why we must give a clyster presently after bloods letting What Syrupes profitable in this case Why a slender Diet must be used after letting much blood When drinking of water is to be permitted in a putride Synochus The definition of an Erysipelas Gal. Cap. 2. lib. 14 Meth. med 2. ad Glau. Two kinds of Erysipelas Gal. lib. 2. ad Glaue Hip. Apho. 79 Sect. 7. Aph. 25 Sect. 6. Aph. 43. Sect. 3. Gal 〈◊〉 Method 4 Things to be performed in curing an Erysipelas In what Erysipelas it is convenient to let blood in what not What topicke medicines are fit to be used it the beginning of an Erysipelas What caution must be had in the use of narcoticke medicines Resolving and strengthening medicines What a Herpes is what be the kinds there of Gal. 2. ad Glauronem What the Herpes miltaris is What the exedens Three intentions in curing Herpes A rule for healing ulcers conjoined with tumors The force of Vnguentum enulatum cum Mrcurâ—â— Medicines fit for restraining eating and spreading ulcers A vulgar description of an intermitting Tertian feaver The causes of Tertian feavers The signes of an intermitting Tertian The Symptomes Why Tertians have an absolute cessation of the feaver at the end of each fit The Diet of such as have a Tertian When such as have a certain may use wine The time of feeding the patient When to purge the patient When the time is fit to use a Bath What kinds of evacuations 〈◊〉 most fit in a Tertian Sudorifickâ— When blood must be lot Aphor. 29. Sect. 2. Gal. lib. de tumo praeter naturs What an Oedema is The differentces of Oedemas By how many waies Phlegme becomes not naturall The Causes The signes The prognosticks How Oedemas are terminated The intentions of curing Oedema's The diet Exercise What to be observed in the use of venery 6. Epid. sect 5â— sen 23. Lib. 2. ad Glaus cap. 3. A rovvler What caution to be had in application of Emplaisters In what places flatulencies may be gathered In what flatulent tumors differ from a true Oedema The causes of flatulent Tumors The signes of such Tumors Diet. Thingâ— strengthning the parts Medicines evacuating the conjunct matter Galensâ—omentation â—omentation Corrobotating medicines The signes of a waterâ—â—h Tumor Why a wateterish tumor must be opened with an instrument A History In what an Atheroma Steatoma and Meliceris differ Of Chirurgâ—ry to be used to these Tumors What the cause may be that vvee sometimes sinde infectae in these Tumors What the Testudo or Talparia is What the Nata is What a Gandula What Nodus What a Glanglion is The causes Signes Their cure at the beginning Plates of lead rubbed with Quick-silver A resolving plaister Things to wast or consume the bag The manner to take away Wenâ— A History What Wens to be cured by ligature Which dangerous to cure A History The matter of a Wen is sometimes taken for a Cancer Another History How you may know a Wen from a Cancer What a Ganglion properly so called is The causes What Ganglia may not be cured with iron Instruments What the Scrophulae or Kings-Evill is Their materiall cause How they differ from other glanduleus tumors Their cure by diet Emollient and resolving medicines Seppuratives A note to be observed in opening Scropulous tumors Naturall heats the cause of suppuration The Chirurgicall manner of cuting Scrophulae How an intermitting Quotidian haopens upon oedematous tumors The cause of a Quotidian â—ea The Signes How children come to be subject to Quotidian feavers How phlegmaticke humors happen to be generated by hot and dry meats The Symptomes of quptidians The manner of the pulse and heate in a Quotidian Criticall sweats The urine Why Quodidiansare oft times long In to what diseases a quartaine usually changes How to distinguish a quotidian from a double tertian Diet. When the use of spiced and salted
meats are fit When sleepe it hurtfull Medicines Care must be had of the stomacke Vomits The use of Treacle in an inveterate quotidian What a true and legitimate Scirrhus is What an illegitimate Scirrhus is The signes Prognosticks Diet. Lib. 2. Ad Glaâ—conem Emollients Lib. 2. ad Glau. The efficacy of the Empl. of Vigo with Mercury What a Cancer is The nature of the paine The reason of the name The causes of a Cancer The causes of a not ulcerated Cancer The sorts and differences of Cancers Aetius lib. 16. The parts most subiect to Cancers What Cancers one must not undertake truely to cure Lib. 2. ad Glau. Diet. How to handlâ— the cancorous part Antidotes Asses milke The Signes How and where a Cancer may be cut away What to be observed in cutting away a Cancer The benefit of applying a cautery after amputation of the Cancer Signes that a Cancer is well taken away A new and observeable way of taking away a Cancer from the lippe Repelling medicines Theodoricks Emplaister Leaches The application of whelps chickins 〈◊〉 Epist 21. The estate of Erysimum The signes of the Cancer in the wombe Lib. 9. Simpl. Lib. â— decomâ—med secundum gen Lib. 9. 〈◊〉 Plates of Lead A History Why a quartaine happens upon scirrhous tumors The signes Why they are frequent in Autumne Prognostickâ— From what diseasses a quartain 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diet. How much vomitting prevailes to cure â— quartaine Medicine What quartaines must be cured with refrigerating things What bastard agues are and how they must be cured What it is In what parts they chiefly happen Prognosticke A History Aneurismaes must not rashly be opened How they must be cured These of the inward parts incureable A History Lib. 4. Cap. â—lt de praes expulsâ— A Caution in the knowing of Aneurismaes What it is The causes Differences by reason of place Signes A History The reason of the name Lib. 6. Cap. 8. The differences thereof Which of them admit no manuall operation An Anodyne Why it must be taken cleare away What it is The differences Their signes and Symptomes Prognosticke The cure Lib. 3. de compmed see Locol Hip. aph 21 lib. 1. Gentle resolving medicines Stronger resolvers A Ripening medicine What it is The Symputomes The Chirutgicall cure Why the eure must not be deferred The Reason why it is so called The Cause The Cute Why the Glandules are called Almonds Their use The Cause of their tumor Symptomes Cure Extreme diseases must have extreme remedies How you must open the Wearon What the Vvula is and what the use therof The Cause of the swelling thereof Symptomes The Cure The Cure by Chirurgery What it is The differences The first kind The Symptomes The second kinde The third The Causes Hip. sect 3. prog z. Aphor. â—0 sect 5. Dict. Cure Repelling Gargarismes Ripening Gargarismes Detergent Gargarisma The reason of the name The differences The Care What it is Of a Pleurisie comming to suppuration Of the change there of into an Empyema Of the apertion of the side in an Empyema What the Dropsie is The differences thereof The Symptomes The Causes How divers diseases turne into Dropsies The signes of an Ascites The Symptoms Prognostickes Hip. lib. 4. de acut lib. de intern Bagges Bathes Liniments Emplaisters Vesicatories Gal. lib. defacul natur 〈◊〉 Divers opinions of Paracentesis or opening of the belly Reasons against it Erasistratus his Reasons against it Reasons for it Lib. 3. Cap. 21. Lib. de morb Ch. cap. de Hydrope The places of the apertion must be divers according to the parts chiefely affected The manner of making apertion A History A Caution for taking out the Pipe Another manner of evacusting the water after the apâ—rtion A medicine for the Iaundies The diuers causes thereof Signes hereof occasioned by the Kall By the guts By flesh By winde By a waterish humor By bruised blood Which may be cured by Chirurgery which not The cure by Chirurgery There are onely 3. sorts of Ruptures Buboâ—ocele Enterocele and Epiplocele Hydrocele Physocele Sarcocele Cirsocele The Causes Thesignes What rupture is uncurable To what ruptures children are subject An astringent cataplasme Ser. 1. Cap. 24. The craft and coveto usuesse of Gelders Another way to cure Ruptures The reason of this cure Another medicine A notable History We must never despaire in disseases if so be nature be associated by Art A Cataplasma to soften the excrements Chymicall oyle The Chirurgicall cure by the golden Tye. Another manner thereof Lib. 3 Cap. 33. what a Hydrocele is The signes The cure A medicine 〈◊〉 draw forth the contained matter What a Pneumatocele is The Cure What a Sarcocele is The signes Prognosticks The signes What a Cirsocele is The Cure Hernia Humoralis The causes The cure Hippocrates his cure What the Paronychia is Lib. 2. cap. 4. tract 8. Gal. comm ad sent 1. ser 4. lib. 6 Eâ—â— Gal. Com ad sect 67. sect 2. prog The cure It is not as yet sufficiently knowne what Dracunculs are Lib. 4. cap. ult The cure out of Egineta Cap 21. lib. 4. sent 3 tract 3. Lib. 14. cap. ult The cure out of Aetius Tract at 〈◊〉 cap. 31. The cure our of Rhasis His opinion of them Soranus his opinion Epist 2. lib. 7. Aetius opinion confuted Tract 3. serme 1. cap. 40. 4. Meteorolog Naturall Melancholicke humor is most unapt to putrifie Stinke an unseparable companion to putrifaction What things usually breed wormes Cap. 83. Chir. Gallic Why they are called Dacunculi The Cure So the Maluâ—pilate in Aristotle cap. 11. lib. 7. hist animal What a Wound properly is Divers appellations of wounds according to the varieties of the parts Divers denominations from their causes A caution for making reports of Wounds A Iugling cheating Chirurgion Lib. 4. Meth. cap. 6. 1. Wounds are called great out of three respects What wounds are dangerous What least dangerous What deadly Hip. aphor 19. Lib. 6. Why round Wounds are difficult to heals Hip. lib. de ulcer Hip. aph 66. lib. 5. What a Callus is and whence it proceedes Small and contemptible Wounds often prove mortall Aphor. 1 sect 1 The Generall Indication of Wounds Five things necessary for uniting wounds Ligatures and Sutures for to conjoyne and hold together the lippes of wounds Three sorts of Ligatures What an incarnative Ligature is What an expulsive What the retentive What the rowlers must bee made of Why and how the temper of the wounded part must he preserved In what wounds blood letting is not necessary What medicines are to be judged agglutinative What wounds stand in no need of a suture The first manner of suture The forme of your needle The forme of the pipe with a window in it The 2. maner of Suture The third manner of Suture The 4. kind of Suture termed Gastroraphia The 5. kind called the Dry Suture The signes of blood flowing from an artery The first way of staying bleeding The 2. manner of stanching is The 3. way by binding
of the vessels An admonitioÌ„ The 4. way dy Escharoticks The 5. way by cutting off the vessels Paines weakens the body and causes defluxious Divers Anodines or medicines to asswage paine What a Convulsion is Three kinds of an universal Convulsion Three causes of a convulsion Causes of Repletion Causes of Inanition Aph. 26. sec 2. Causes of convulsion by consent of paine Signes of a convulsion The cause of a Convulsion by Repletion The cure of a Convulsion caused by inanition An Emolient Liniment for any Convulsion An Emolient and humecting Bath The cure of a Convulsion by a puncture or bite A worthy Alexâ—pharmacâ—… or Antidote You must hinder the locking of the teeth What a Palsie is The differences thereof How it differs from a Convulsion The causes It is good for a feaver to happen upon a Palsie The decoctioÌ„ of Guaiacumis good for a Palsie Things actually hotegood for to be applied to paraliticke meÌ„bera Leon. Faventi his ointment An approved ointment for the Palsie A distilled water good to wash them outwardly to drinke inwardly Exercises and frictions Chymicall oyles What Sowning is Three causes of sowning The cure of sowning caused by dissipation of spirits The cure of sowning caused by a venenate aire The cure of Sowning caused by oppression and obstruction What a Symptomaticall Delirium is The causes thereof Why the brain suffers with the midriffe The Cure The differences of a brokeÌ„ head The kinds of a broken Scul out of Hippocrates Differences from their quantity Differences from their figure From their complication The externall causes Rationall causes Aphor. 50. sec 6. Lib. 8 cap. 4. Hippocrates and Guidoes conjecturall fignes of a broken scull Sensible signes of a broken scull before the dividing of the skinne Lib. de vuluere cap. What a probe must be used in searching for a fracture Lib. 5. Epid. in Autonomus of Omsium Hipcrates was deceized by the futures Vpon what occasion the hairy sealpe must be cut Celsus Hippocrater The manner how to pull the hairiesealp from the broken scull The manner to binde a vessell in case of too much bleeding A History A way to finde a fracture in the scull when it presents not it selfe to the view at the first A signe that both the Tables are broken You may use the Trepan after the tenth day It it sufficient in a simple fissure to dilate it with your Scalpri onely and not to Trepan it What an Ecchymosis is How 〈◊〉 contusion of the scull must be cured What a contusion is What an Effracture is The causes of Effractures The cure Hip. lib. do â—ulâ— cap. Gal. sib 6. meth cap. 〈◊〉 A History What a seate is The cure Lib. 8. cap. 4. A History What a Resonitus is Lib. 6. cap. 90. In whom this fracture may take place in diverse bones of the scull A History The Resonitus may be in the same bone of the scull A History Why Hippocrates set dovvne no way to cure a Resonitus The manner to know when the scull is fractured by a Resonitus Gal. lib. 2. de comp medic cap. 6. Com. ad Aph. 58 sect 7. Lib. 5. Epidem The vessels of the braine broken by the commotion thereof signes Celsus The cause of vomiting when the head is wounded Aphor. 14 sect 7 A History What was the necessary cause of the death of King Henry the second of France A History A History Why some die of small wounds and others recover of great Hippoc. de vul cap. Whether the wounds of children or old people are better to heale Aph. 15. sect 1. Aphor. 65 sect 5 Aph. 47 sect 2. Wounds which are dry rough livide and black are evill The signes of a feaver caused by an Erysipelas Why an Erysipelas chiefely assailes the face The cure of an Erysipelas on the face Why oyly things must not be used in an Erysipelas of the face Aph. 25. sect 6 Deadly signes in wounds of the head A convulsion is caused by drynesse A twofold cause of convulsisieke drynesse Lib. 4. de usu partium Opinion of Champhius The signes of a deadly wound from the depraved faculties of the minde From habite of the body From the time that such signes appears Celsus lib. 8. câ— 4. When the patients are out of danger The patient must beware of cold How the ayre ought to be Aphor. 18. sect 〈◊〉 Lib. 2 de usâ— part ca. 2. The Aire though in summer is colder than the braine The discommodities of too much light What his drink must be Almonds encrease the paine of the head What fish he may eate Aphor 13. 14 sect 1. Aphor. 15 sect 2 Why sleepe upon the day-time is good for the braine being enflamed Lib. 2. Epidem The discommodities ensuing immoderate Watching Gal. Meth. 13. Medicinâ—s procuring sleepe The commodities of sleepe Lib. 4. Meth. Lib. de cur per sanguâ—… Miss The use of Fractures A History The two chiefe Indications in blood letting The discommoditis of venery in vvounds of the head Hovv hurtfull noyse is to the fractures of the scull A History Of a simple wound of the flesh and the skinne A degestive medicine A sarcoticke Medicine An Epuloticke A History What things we must observe in sovveing When we must not let blood in wounds A History The bitings of man and beasts are venenate Theriacall 〈…〉 picke Medicines A Cordiall Epithema The cure of the Hairy scalpe when it is contused A repelling medicine A discussing Fomentation Ceratum de Minio Detersive or clensing medicines Why the Pericranium hath such exquisite sense Gal. 6. Meth. The bones are offended with the application of humide things Lib. dei ulcer 〈◊〉 6. Math. Vigoes Cerate good for a broken scull A liniment good against convulsions Gal. 4. Meth. How farre humide things are good for a fractured scull Why Cephalicke or Catagmaticke pouders are good When to used How to be mixed when trey are to bee applyed to the Meninges Why a repelling Ligature cannot be used in fractures of the Scull How the patient must be placed when you Trepan him What to be done before the application of the Trepan The harme the bone receives by being heated with the Trepan What things hasten these ailing of the bone The bone must not be forcibly scailed A caution in Trepaning A safe and convenient Trepan The use of a Leaden Mallet Why a Trepan must not be applyed to the sutures Why two Trepans are to be used to a fractured suture A bone almost severed from the scull must not be Trepaned A notable cavitie in the forehead bone Lib. de â—ul câ— A rule out of Hippocrates What discommodities arise from cutting the temporall muscle A history A history The generation of a Fungus Why when the scull is broken the bones sometimes become foule or rotten The signes of foulenesse of the bone Corrupt bones are sometimes hard The benefit of a vulnerary potion A History A great falling away of a corrupt bone Aph. 45. Sect. 6 The
a day these must be dressed Medicines for an Eschar A description of Nutritum A remedy for burnes commonlyumed in the Hospitall of Parts Why deepe combustions are lesse painefull than superficiarie Markes or spots made in the face by cornes of Gunpowder cannot be taken away Gal. 2. ad Glauconem The generall cause of a Gangreene The perticular causes Cold causeth a Gangreene How defluxions cause a Gangreene An untureable Gangreene Lib. de tumor prater natur Aph. 5 sect 6. A Gangreene by effluxe of a cold matter A notable History Simple cold may cause a Gangreene A History What parts are usually taken by a Gangreene occasioned by cold Sect. 2. lib. de fract What a pulsificke paine is Sgnes of a Gangreene proceeding of cold Signes of Gangreenes proceeding from strait bandages or ligatures c. Signes of a Gangreene occasioned by a bite puncture c. Why a Gangreene is called Esshiomenos The quicke impatient of the dead Various Indications of curing of a Gangreene What parts soonest taken hold of by a Gangreene A cordiall Epithemae The cure of a Gangreene made by inflammation The description of an Egyptiacum A strigents that may be used in cure of a Gangreene Gal. 2. ad Glauconem Aphor. 6. sect 11. A note concerning the unsensiblenes of the part A wondrous symptome Sect. 7. Lib. 6. Epidem The controversy decided Lib. 7. Cap. 33. An observable History The Ligature of the part A caution to be observed How to draw forth the vessells and binde them How the lips of the dismembred part are to be joyned together The Heamorrhagie of small vessels is not to be regarded An emplastick medicine A repercusâ—ive How to place the member and how often to dresse it An emplastick pouder Detersives Why after dismembring the patients complaine of paine as if the part were yet remaining on An ointment for the spine of the backe against all affects of the nerves How to procure the falling away of the ends of the bones Cathaereticks Hot Irons not to be used Lib. 5. Meth. A History Dismembring at a joynt Sect. 4. lib. de Art Burying in hot horse dung helpes Convulsions A fomentation for a Convulsion Monsters or miracles in diseases The diverse acceptions of an Vlcer Sent. 34. sect 3. lib. defract Sect. 1. prâ—g What an Vlcer properly is Lib. de conflict Artisâ—ap 6. The internall causes The externall causes The signes of a putrâ—d Vlcer * Vlcâ—â— cacâ—ethes Gal. cap. 5. lib. 4. Meth. Com. ad aâ—hor 22. sect 5. Aph. 45. sect 6. Hip. progn lib. 1. cap. 8. Aph. 65. sect 5. Aph. 67. sect 5. Aph. 4. sect 5. Hip. lib. de 〈◊〉 Gal. cap. 2. 5. lib. Meth. 4. For what causes Vlcers are â—aid to heale What puâ— or matter is 〈…〉 equall and white Ad sâ—â—tent 32 sect 2. de fract Aph. 21. sect 7. Two sorts of excrements flow from a maligne Vlcer The curing of a simple Vlcer consists in exsiccation Gal. 7. Meth. cap. 12. Gal Lib. 4. de companed secund gen The things conducing to the generating of flesh What a scarre is Things causing cicatrization Signes of a distempered Vlcer Remedies for a dry distempered Vlcer Signes of toâ— moist an Vlcer Gal. lib 1â—… simp cap 7. Signes of a hot distempered Vlcer Signes of a cold distempered Vlcer The matter of Narcoticke cataplasmes Catheraeticks have power to asswage paine Things wasting superfluous flesh Lib. 〈◊〉 Meth. cap. 6. For the callous lips of Vlcers Lib. 4. Meth. cap. 2. The cause of wormes breeding in Vlcers A fomentation to kill the wormes Gal. 4. comp med A detergent lotion Detergent medicines without acrimony A caution very observable in use of detergent things A distinction to be observed concerning the impurity of ulcers Diligent regard must be had of the patients bodies and the affected parts How virulent and eating ulcers differ Gal. Lib. 4 de comp mod sec genera How a chironian ulcer differs from an eating see before Cap 2. Gal lib 4. sec gen Cap 5. Gal lib a de comp med sec gen Cap 6. Gal lib 4 de comp med sec gen Cap. 5. Galens reason further explained Medicines are onely such in faculty The beginning of your binding must be at the Vlcer Hip. lib. de ulc Revulsion into contrary parts 4. Methodi Lib. 6. cap. 6. lib. 3. Botryon Caloma Argomon Epâ—cauma The cure A Collyrium to clense the Vlcers of the eyes A sarcoricke Collyriâ—m An â—pulotick Collyrium Lib. 6. cap. 6. A Collyrium for hallow scarres The scarres of the Horny coaâ— are white and these of the Adnata red Lib. 6. cap. 8. Ga. Lib. 3. de comp med secund locos cap. 3. The cure Lib. 20. epist 5. An injection when the Ozaena shall come to the Ossâ— Ethmoideae Aph. 24 sect 3 Celsus lib 6 cap 11. Gal com ad 〈◊〉 lib. epâ—â—â—m The cure A gargatisme for the Aphthae Lib. 6. meth Cap. 10. Vlcers of the palate must be quickely aed carefully dressed Aetius lib. 6. cap. 3. Celsus lib. 6. cap. 13. Their causes The cure A masticatory An Errhine The composition of Andronius his trochisces Scailes of Iron Of the Pyoulcos Galen makes mention 2 ad Giaâ—… conâ—… The Causes Signes Gal. lib. 5. de loc affect cap. 5. Lib. 4. 5. Method The cure How to take medicines for Vlcers of the throate Why acride things must be shunned in these Vlcers How powerfull Honey is to cure such kind of Vlcers Egyptiacum good for the Vlcers of the greater guts Lib. 5. meth Causes Signes Hip. Aphor. 81 sect 4. Aphor. 76. sect 4. Apâ—â—or 77. sect 4. The cure Why we must shunne strong purges Things to clense these Vlcers Trochisces for the Vlcers of the Kidnyes and bladder 4. Method Signes to know what part of the â—ladder is ulcerated Why ulcers in the bottome of the bladder are uncureable Egyptiacum for the ulcers of the bladder The causes Lib. 3. sect 12. tract 2 cap. 5. Signes The cure Why strongly drying things are good for Vlcers of the wombe An inâ—ection for an Vlcer in the bottome of the wombe An injection hindring putrefaction What a Varix is and what be the differences thereof The matter The causes Signes The cure The cutting of Varices For what intention a Varix must be cut Paulus cap. 82. lib. 6. The manner how to cut it What a Fistulaiâ— What a Gallousus The differences of Fistula's The signes The signe that the bone is baâ—e from the condition of the matter which is cast furâ—h Aetius tetra 4. sect 2 cap. 55. Old Fistula's if closed prove mortall How to finde out the windings and cavities of Fistula's Causticke injections Colsuâ— lib. 5. Remedies for a Fistula proceeding from a corrupt bone The cure of what Fistula's may be attempted and which may not A palliative cure of a Fistula The causes Signes Symptomes The art of binding and cuâ—ing a Fistula of the Fundament What they are Their differences Symptomes Sent. 37. sect 6 epid A remedy for the immoderate flowing of
the Heamorâ—hoides For supprest Heamorrhoides Lib. de fascijs Sect. 3. de Chir. offic What cloth best for rowlers Com. ad sect 22. sect 2. de offic chir 1. 2. sect lib. de fract We must alwaies begin our ligatures at the bottome of a sinus Hipp. sent 4. sect 2. offic Initio 2. sect off Ligatures must not bee only lightly but also neatly performed Gal. com ad sent 25. sect 1. lib. de fract Sent. 24. sect 2. offic Hypodesmides When the third under-binder is necessarie Epidesmi The manner of binding now in use What meane to be observed in wrapping the Ligatures Why Hippoc. bids to loose the Ligatures every third day How to binde up a Fracture with a wound Ad sent 12. sect de fract Hipp. sent 37. 38. sect 1. de fract The signes of too strait and loose binding up Why we must make more strait ligation on the broken part The first benefit of Ligatures The second The third The fourth The fifth The sixth The seventh The eighth the particular use of ligatures in the amputation of members The first use of Boulsters The second use of them The third use of them The matter of Splints Their use What Junkare The matter and use of Cases Glossocomium a generall name for such things Lib. 6. method What it is for a bone to be broken Raphanedon What Caryedon or Alphitidon What Schidacidon The causes of fractures The first signe of a broken bone Another A third Why bones are more brittle in frostie weather Why the solution of continuity in bones is not so easily repaired Gal. in arte par Why bones sooner knitin yong bodies Meats of grosse and tough nourishment conduce to the generation of a Callus Fractures at joynts dangerous Hipp. sect 18. 19. sect i. de fracturis Ligations conduce to the handsomnes of a Callus Extension must presently bee made after the bone is broken Sent. 36. sect 3. de fract In inflammations the restoring of the bone must not bee attempted Three things to be performed in curing broken and dislocated bones How to put the bones in their places Hipp. sent 60. sect 2. de fract Adsent 1. sect 1. de fract When instruments or engins are necessary What bodies are sooner hurt by violent extension Signes of a bone well set Causes and signes of the relapse of a set bone Ad sent 21. sect 1. de fract What the middle figure is and why best Fit time for loosing of Ligatures in fractures and dislocations Foure choice meanes to hinder accidents The causes and differences of itching Ad sent 4. sect 1. de fract Remedies against the itching Hipp. sent 46. sect 3. de fract Hipp. sent 46. sect 2. de art How to reduce the nose into its naturall figure A fit astringent and drying medicine Sent. 47. sect 〈◊〉 de art Gal. in Com. A description of the lower Jaw The manner of restoring a broken Jaw The description of a fit ligature for the under Jaw In what time it may be healed Hipp. sect 63. sect 1. de art How to restore the fractured Clavicle The first way The second way The third way How to binde up the fractured clavicle It is a difficult matter perfectly to restore a fractured clavicle An anatomicall description of the shoulder-blade How many waies the shoulder-blade may be broken The cure Lib. de vuln Capitis A historie Nature of its owne accord makes it selfe way to cast forth strange bodies and matters Why a fracture in the joynt of the shoulder is deadly Signes that the sternum is broken Signes that it is deprest The cure A historie In what place the short ribs may be broken Sent. 56. sect 3. de art Why an internall fracture of the ribs is deadly The signes The cause of spitting blood when the ribs are broken Sent. 51. sect 3. de art Paulus lib. 6. cap. 96. Avicen 4. The cure A simple fracture may be cured onely by Surgerie The cause The signes The cure The affects of the vertebrae Sect. 2. Prorh The cure of fractured Vertebrae The cure of the processes Signes that only the processes are fractured What fracture of the Holy-bone curable and what not The description of the rump The cure The description of the Hip. The signes The cure The description of the arme or shoulder-bone The cure How the arme must be placed when the bone is set Sect. 3. offic sect 1. de fract In what time it will knit The difference The cure Sent. 3. sect 1. de fract Com. in lib. de art Sect. 〈◊〉 de fract sent 9. The cure To what purpose the carrying of a bail in a fractured hand serves Why the bone of the thigh is more difficultly set Sent. 67. 68. sect 2. de fract The naturall and internall crookednesse must be preserved in setting the bone The part to bee bound up must be made plaine either by nature or art The manner of binding used by Surgeons at this day Why the windings of the upper ligatures must be thicker and straiter than the lower Why the third ligature must bee rowled contrary to the two first The Surgeon must be mindefull of three things in placing the member Sect. 2. de fract Sent. 33. 56. sect 2. de fract When the first ligation must be loosed Sent. 15. sect 3. 〈◊〉 offic Rest necessary for the knitting of set bones A historie Another fracture of the thigh resembling a luxation Why the fracture of a bon neare a joynt is more dangerous Lib. 3. sen 6. tract 1. c. 14. In what space the thigh bone may be knit The differences Signes Cure Why those halt who have had this bonefractured Sent. 65. sect 2. de fract Signes that both the bones are broken A historie A soone made medicine What to doe when the legge is broken That the ligation must be most strait upon the wound What symptomes ensue the want of binding upon the wounded part Signes of the corruption of the bones When the wounded part must be omitted in ligation Lattice like binding to be shunned Vnguentum rosatum wherefore good in fractures You must have a care that the compresses and rowlers grow not hard by drinesse The description of a sugred water The causes of a fever and abscesse ensuing upon a fracture Signes of scales severed from their bones Why the extreme parts are cold when we sleepe The naturall faculties languish in the parts by idlenesse but are strengthened by action How and what ulcers happen upon the fracture of the legge to the rumpe heele Remedies for the prevention of the foresaid ulcers The use of a Lattin Casse A suppuratis 〈◊〉 medicine A dâ—te â—ive Catagmatick powders have power to cast forth the scales of bones The causes both efficient and materiall of a Callus Medicines conducing to the generation of a Callus The black plaister The description of a Spaâ—adrapum or cere-cloth Medicines good of themselves not good by event When the Callus is breeding the ulcer must be seldome
drest Hipp. sent 43. sect 1. de fract Meats fit for generating a Callus Lib. 6. meth cap. 〈◊〉 Why the marrow may seeme to have sense of feeling In what space the legge is usually knit Discussing and unctuous medicines hinder the generation of a Callus What helps forward the generation thereof What Callus must not be broken though distorte or otherwise ill conformed The causes of too slender a Callus Remedies therefore When we must desist from fomenting and frictions Warme water The effects thereof Notes of short just and too long fomenting Fomentations hurt plethorick bodies Why the fractured bones of the foot must be kept in a strait posturâ— What a Luxation properly so called is What a Luxation not properly so called is The third kind of Dislocation The fourth What Luxations are simple What compound What a complete Luxation is What a subluxation or straine Internall causes of dislocations Externall causes Hereditary causes Sect 3. sent 88. 94 sect 82. 4. sent 3. 4. lib. de art Children may have impostumes in their mothers wombs The common signe of all dislocations Signes of an unperfect dislocation What luxations be uncureable Why those bones which are hardly dislocated are hard to be set Sect. 1. de artiâ— sent 29. Celsus lib. 8. cap. 11. Why the plucking of an appendâ—x from a bone is uncureable Hipp. sent 88. sect 3. de art Sent. 10 sect 5. lib. 6. epid sect 3. de art sent 88. You must not endevour to set an inflamed joynt Five intentions in curing dislocations The benefit of holding the member in dislocations The use of intension The manner of setting it or putting it into its place Signes that the bone is set The benefit of sit placing the member The manner of binding up the set joynt The cure of inveterate â—uxations These ligatures are not for deligation but extension The causes Differences Signes that only one part is dislocated Signes that both sides are dislocated Prognosticks Why death quickely ensues upon the dislocation of both sides of the jaw An astringent medicine The first maner of setting a jaw-bone Another Dict. What the Surgeon What the Patient ought to do Signes that the Jaw is dislocated backwards The Cure Differences of the luxated Collar-bones The Cure Com. ad sent 62. sect 1. de art An anatomicall description of the Spine The variety of the processes of the Spine Gal. cap. 7. lib. 13. de usu partium Lib. 13. de usu partium The connexion of the head with the first Rack-bone of the neck Prognostiâ— The danger hereof Signeâ—… symptoâ—… their 〈…〉 tion The Cure Signes of their restitution Differences and signes Causes The danger of a vertebra dislocated inwards Hipp. sent 51. sect 3. de art Gal. in com The cure Another maner of cure How to keep the restored vertebrae in their places Cyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis Com. ad sent 2. sect 3. lib. 〈◊〉 art Seisis The separation of the spinall marrow from the encompassing vertebrae The error of Nurses in binding and lacing of Children Hipp. sent 6. sect 3. de art Why when the spine is luxated the parts belonging to the chest are nourished and grow the lesse Why the Luxation of one vertebra is more dangerous than of many Sent. 51. sect 3. lib. de art The signeâ—… The Câ—re Causeâ— Signes Cure Gal. Com. ad sent 3. sect 1. de art Why there is no internall ligament from the arme-bone to the shoulder blade Differences of a luxated shoulder Sent. 1. sect 1. lib. de art Signes of the shoulder dislocated downe-wards The waies to restore it Gal. com ad sent 23. sect 1. de art A perfect setting the luxated shoulder by extension only Hipp. sent 12. sect 1. de art Sect. 1. lib. 1. de 〈◊〉 sent 19. The description of the Glossoâ—omium termed Amâ—i Sect. 1. de art sent 21. Hip. sent 64. 4. de artiâ— How to make use of the Ambi. Com. ad sen 〈◊〉 23. sect 1 de articulis Signes Cure Sent. 23. sect 1. de art Signes The cure What to bee done to hold in the shoulder after it is restored Signes Cure The Author seems not to agree with Hipp. Sent. ult Sect. 3. fract and Celsus in the setting down the kinds of a dislocated Elbow The Author doth not agree with Hippocrates and Celsus in setting downe the notes of these dislocations for those notes which are here attributed to an outward and inward luxation these Celsus hath given to an elbow dislocated towards the fore and out part and those which are here attributed to the elbow dislocated upwards down-wards those Celsus hath attribured to a dislocation to the out and in-sides Inflamation hinders reposition Signe Cure A Caution The cure Sent. 63. sect 3. defract Why the elbow is most subject to Ancylosis Differences and causes Cure Sent. 1. sect 2. sent ult sect 3. de fract Here as before chap. 31 the Author dissents from Celsus and Hippocrates in expressing the names and signes of these dislocations Signe Cure Celsus lib. 〈◊〉 Cap. 18. Why the dislocated fingers may be easily restored Hip. sent 68. sect 3. de art Gal. com ad sent 47. sect 4. de art A subluxation may befall the Thigh from an internall cause Why the thigh-bone dislocated is difficultly restored or restored easily falls out againe The breaking and relaxation of the internall ligament Gal. com ad sent 42 sect 4. de art Hippocrates explained sect 1. 〈◊〉 lib. de art Ad sent 51. sect 3. de art Signes of the thigh-bone dislocated out-wards Paul Aeg. lib. 6. cap. 8. Hip. sent 91. sect 3. lib. de artic Stopping of urine by reason of an internall dislocation of the thigh-bone Signes The generall cure Sect. 2. lib. de fract Sect. 2. lib. de fract How to make extension and counter-extension in this kind of fracture Ligatures made for extension must be fastened neere the part to be extended A generall precept Sect. 2. lib. de fract When it is that onely extension serves for the restoring the dislocated thigh The differences The cure The differences Adâ—… sect 3. de fract How to restore a knee dislocated backwards The cure The joyning of the leg and shin 〈◊〉 The cure Differences and signes Causes and differences The cure Why bloud-letting necessary in the fracture of a heele Hip. sect 3. de fracturis Why the heele is subject to inflammation Gal. ad sent 2â— sec 2. 〈…〉 fract Sigâ—es Cure Cure Sent. 14. sect 2. lib. de fract The differences Cure Remedies for a confusion What may happen by paine Remedies for the leanenesse or Atrophia of any member What measure to be used in fomenting A dropax Binding of the sound part opposite to the emaciated How to bind up the emaciated part Signes that an Atrophia is cureable Gal. c. 2. lib. 1. de comp med securlocos The cause What Alopecia uncurable What curable and how Lib. 1. de comp med sect locos Cap. 8. lib. citati The cure For a scaly scall An
oyntment for a scalled head The cure of a crusty scall A poultis of Cresses Lib. 7. simpl A plaister to pluck away the haire at once The cure of an ulcerous scall A contumacious scall must be cured as we cure the Lues Venerea What the Vertigo is and the causes thereof The signeâ— Lib. 6. A criticall Vertigo The differences In what kind of Megrim the opening of an Artery is good A historie No danger in opening an artery Differences Paul Aegin lib. 8. cap. 6. The cause The cure Paulus Aegin lib. 6. cap. 10. The cure Ectropion or the turning up or out of the Eye-lid Paul cap. 16. lib. 6. The cure What Hydatis is Com. ad aphor 55. sect 7. The cure Paulus cap. 15. lib. 6. The cause The cure A disease subject to relapse A detergent collyrium You need not feare to use acride medicines in the itching of the eye-lids Lib. 2. cap. 4. fract 3. What lippitudo is A Collyrium of vitrioll to stay the defluxions of the eyes What Ophthalmia is and the causes thereof Signes The cure Com. ad aphor 31. sect 6. Lib. 13. meth cap. ult An percussive medicine Astringent emplasters An anodine cataplasme The efficacy of Bathes in pains of the eyes Adaphor sect 7. Detergent Colllicia The cause The cure The Atrophia of the eye The Phihisis thereof Lib. 3. cap. 22. Theâ—…sis â—…sis Paulus li. 3. cap. What Web curable and what incurable The cure The cutting of the Web. The use of the glandule at the greater corner of the eye The differences Periodicall and Typicall Fistulaes The cure The efficacy of an actuall cautery Things to be done after the cauterizing What a Staphiloma is and the causes thereof Paulus and Aetim Every Staphiloma infers incurable blindness The cause Lib. 4. method cap. ult The cause The cure A digesting Cataplasme A Cataract The differences Causes Signes Diet for such as are troubled with a Cataract Bread seasoned with fennell seeds How bright shining things may dissipart a beginning Cataract A Collyrium dissipating a beginning Cataract A Cataract must not be couched unless it be ripe Uncurable Cataracts Curable Cataracts When to couch a Cataract The place The needle Gal. lib. 10. de usts partium cap. 5. Cels lib. 7. The signe of a Cataract well couched Lib. 6. cap. 21. What to be done after the couching of a Cataract Of a Cataract which is broken to pieces The cause The cure The concussive force of sneesing The cure different according to the places where they sticke The Tooth ach a most cruell paine The cause thereof Signes of this or that defluxion Three scopes of curing A cold repercussive lotion for the mouth Trochisces for a hot defluxion Narcoticks Hot fumes Vesicatories Causticks Causes of loosnesse of the teeth A History The causes of hollow teeth The cure Causes of wormes in the teeth Causes of setting the teeth an edge A caveat in drawing of teeth Lib. 7. cap. 18. The maner of drawing teeth What to be done when the tooth is plukt out Causes of foule or rusty teeth The cure A caution in the use of acride things A water to whiten the teeth The cause of being tongue-tied The cure Another way to cut it The differences The cure of nailes running into the flesh of the fingers How to take off the cornes of the fingers The cause The cure The causes The cure The cause The cure Such as are borne without a hoâ—… their fundâ—… are not long lived Why children are subject to the stone in the bladder The cause Why the thigh iâ—…â—umme in the stone of the reines Signes of the stone in the bladder Why such as have a stone in the bladder are troubled with the falling of the fundament How to searâ—n for the stonein the bladder with a Cathaeter The figure of the necke of the bladder is different in men and women How death may ensue by the suppression of the urine Why stones of the kidneys have sundry shapes Why men are more subject to to the stone than women What stones caâ—… taken out of the bladdes without killing the patient What diet such must use as fear the stone Lib. 13. method A lenitive and lubricating syrupe A diuretick Apozâ—me A diâ—â—etick and â—…h A diuâ—etick powder The lye made of the ashes of beane stalkes a diuâ—etick Anodine glisters in the stone Remedies against the stone of the kidnies comming from a cold cause Carminative glisters Signes of the stone stopping in the ureter Remedies 〈…〉 force â—own the stone sticking in the ureter A decoction for a bath An Anodine Cataplasme Signes of the stone fallen out of the ureter into the bladder When the yard may besafely cut An agglutinative medicine how to hasten the agglutination Why the boy must be shaken before cutting How to place the child before dissection Where to divide the perinaeum Nature very powerfull in children Generall rules must be reduced to particular bodies What to bee done before dissection How to lay the patient Why the probe must be â—it on the out-side Why the sâ—ame of the perinaeum must not be cut Where to make the wound to take forth the stone That which is torne is sooner healed than that which is cut A note of more stones than one How to cleanse the bladder How to break a stone that cannot be taken out whole and at once Of sewing the wound when the stone is taken forth A repercussive medicine Remedies for the Cod lest it gangrenate What things hasten the union How to make a fresh wound of an old ulcer What to doe in want of a stay How to search for the stone in women In suppression of the urine we must not presently fly to diureticks Why the too long holding the urine causeth the suppression therof A history A history A history How the pus may flow from the wounded arme by the urine and excrements 〈◊〉 de â—ac affect â— cap. 4. Why the dislocation of a vertebra of the loins may cause a suppression of urine Why the suppression of the urine becomes deadly A feaver following thereon helps the suppression of urine The differences Causes Signes of what causes they proceed Cure Why the matter which flows from the kidneyes is lesse stinking than that which flowes from the bladder Differences Why ulcers of the bladder are cured with more difficulty Scopes of curing To what suppression of the urine diureticks must not be used To which and when to be used A diureticke water Why the use of diuretickes is better after bathing To cleanse the ulcers of the kidneyes and bladder Trochisces to heale the ulcers of the kidneies Drinke in stead of wine What Diabete is The causes Signes Why the urines are watrish The cure Narcoticke things to be applyed to the loines What the Strangury is The causes Com. ad aphor 15. sect 3. Adaphor 48. sect 7. What Ileos or iliaca passâ—o is What 〈◊〉 passio or the Cholickâ—â—s Lib. 3. Lib. 3. c. 43. The manner
〈◊〉 The signes The prognostications 〈◊〉 history Remedies for the ascension of the wombe For the falling downe of the wombe properly so called A discussing hearing fomentation How vomiting is profitable to the falling down of the wombe The cutting away of the womb when it is patrefyed Lib. 6. Epist 3â— lib. 2. Epist 〈…〉 â—ract de mirand morbor caus A history Antimonium taken in a potion doth cause the wombe to fall downe The signes of the substance of the wombe drawne out Whether there be a membrane called Hymen A history Lib. 11. cap. 16. Lib. 3. sent 21. fract 1. cap. 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of midwives about the membrane called Hymen What virgins at the first time of copulation doe not bleed at their privie parts Lib. 3. The filthy deâ—… of bauds harlots Lib. deprost demon cap. 38. What is the strangulation of the wombe Why the womb swelleth The accidents that come of the strangling of the wombe Why the strangulation that commeth of the corruption of the seed is more dangerous than that that comes of the corruption of the bloud The cause of the divers turning of the wombe into divers parts of the body The wombe is not so greatly moved by an accident but by it selfe Whereof come such divers accidents of strangulation of the wombe The cause of sleepiners in the strangulation of the wombe The cause of a drousie madnes A hisrie The ascention of the womb is to be distinguished from the stangulation The wombe it selfe doth not so well make the ascention as the vapour thereof Women living taken for dead How women that have the suffocation of the wombe live only by transpration without breathing How flies gnats and pismires do live all the winter without breathing A history The 〈…〉 when iâ—… of the suppossion 〈◊〉 the flowers Why the supprossion the 〈…〉 â—eri 〈◊〉 or deadly â—â—men The pulling the haire of the lower parts both for this malady and for the cause of the same A Pessary The matter of sweet fumigations By what power sweet fumigations do restore the womb unto its owne nature and place Stinking smels to be applied to the nostrils Avicens secret for suffocation of the wombe Castoreum drunken Expressions into the wombe The matter of pessaries A glyster scattering grosse vapours A quick certain a pleasant remedy for the suffocation of the wombe Tickling of the neck of the wombe The reason of the names of the monthly flux of women What women do conceive this flux not appearing at all What women have this menstruall flux often abundantly for a longer space than others What women have tâ—â— fluxe more seldome lesse and a far more shorrtime than others Why young women are purged in the new of the Moone Why old women are purged in the wane of the Moone The materiall cause of the monthly fluxe When the monthly flux begins to flow The final cause A woman exceeds a man in quantity of bloud A man execedeth a woman in the quality of his blood A man is more hot than a woman and therefore not menstruall The foolish endeavour of making the orifice of the wombe narrow is rewarded with the discommodity of stopping of the flowers What women are called viragines Lib. 6. epidem sect 7. The women that are called viragines are barren Why the strangâ—… or bloodinesse of the urine followeth the suppression of the flowers Histories of such as were purged of their menstruall flux by the nose and dugges To what women the suppression of the moneths is most grievous Why the veine called basilica in the arme must be opened before the vein saphena in the foot Horse-leeches to be applied to the neck of the wombe Plants that provoke the flowers Sweet things An apozeme to provoke the flowers What causes of the stopping of the flowers must be cured before the discase it selfe The fittest time to provoke the flowers Why hot houses do hurt those in whom the flowers are to be provoked What women â—…and what women due loath the act of generation when the moneths are stopped With what accidents those that are manageable and 〈◊〉 marâ—â—â— aâ—… troubled Aph. 36. sect 5. Lib. 2. de subt The efficient cause of the milke is to be noted By what pores the flowers due flow in a woman and in a maide The causes of an unteasionable flute of blood The criticall fluxe of the flowers The signes of blood dowing from the womb or necke of the wombe The institution or order of 〈◊〉 Purging An unguent An astringent injection Astringent pesâ—… The reason of the name The differences What women are apt to this fluxe Womens fluxe commeth very seldome of blood By what signes an ulcer in the wombe may be known from the white flowers How a womane fluxe is wholsome How it causeth diseases How it letteth the conception Why it is hard to be cured A history If the fluxâ— of a woman be red whâ—â—ein it difâ—erâ—th â—roâ— the â—…uall â—lux A womans flux is not suddenly to be stopped What baths are profitable An astringent â—njâ—â—tion The signes of a putrefyed ulcer in the wombe The virulent Gonorrhaea is like unto the duxe of women The differences of the hoemorrhoides of the necke of the wombe What an Acrochordon is What a thymus is St. Fiacrius figges What warts of the womb must be bound and so cut off Three sâ—opâ—â— of the cure of waâ—ts in the wombe An effectuall water to consume warts Unguents to consume warâ—â— What 〈◊〉 arâ— The 〈◊〉 What coâ—dylâ—matâ— arâ— The cure What the itch of the womb iâ— Thdifferences and signes An abscesse not to be opened A history The time of breeding of the teeth The cause of the paine in breeding teeth The signes The cure What power scratching of the gums hath to asswage the pain of them A history what a monste is What a prodigie is Lib. 4. cen anim cap. 4. Monste seldome loâ— lived Arist in problem 〈◊〉 3. 4. de gen anim cap. 4. Lib. 7. cap. 11. Cap. 3. The ninth book of the Polish history Lib. 4. de gen anim cap. 4. Lib. 4. de generanim cap. 5. Sect. 2. lib. 2. epidem The force of 〈◊〉 upon the body and humours Gen. chap. 30. That the straitnesse or littlenesse of the wombe may be the occassion 〈◊〉 monsters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cap. 64. There are sorcerers and how they come so to be What induceth them thereto Exod. cap. 22. Levit. cap. 19. Hebr. 1. 14. Galat. 3. 19. 〈◊〉 Thes 4. 16. John 13. Mar. 16. 34. The power of ev'll spirits over mankind The differences of devills The delusions of devills Their titles names What the devills in Mines doe Devills are spirits and from eternity The reason of the name Lib. 15. de civit Dei cap. 22. 23. A history Another An opinion confuted Averrois his history convict of falshood The illusions of the devills A history Our sins are the cause that the devils abuse us Lib. 2. de abdit caus cap. 16. Witches
the Glandules of the groines 8 the eight of the thigh 9 the second of the legge 11 the innermost of the anckle 12 the sixth muscle of the foote his originall 13. end 14. 15 the seventh of the foote 16 the tendon of the muscle lifting up the great toe 17 the muscles extending the foure other toes 18 the abductor of the great toe 19 a transverse ligament 20 a tendon of the ninth muscle of the foote 21 the first muscle 22 the fourth muscle of the foote 23 the tendon of the third muscle 24. a muscle bending the third bone of the foure lesser toes THE SEVENTH BOOK Of Tumours against Nature in Generall CHAP. I. What a Tumour against Nature vulgarly called an Impostume is and what be the differences thereof AN Impostume commonly so called is an affect against nature composed and made of three kinds of diseases Distemperature ill Conformation and Solution of Continuitie concurring to the hindering or hurting of the Action An humor or any other matter answering in proportion to a humor abolishing weakening or depraving of the office or function of that part or body in which it resides causeth it The differences of Impostumes are commonly drawne from five things quantitie matter accidents the nature of the part which they affect or possesse and lastly their efficient causes I have thought good for the better understanding of them to describe them in this following Scheme A Table of the differences of Tumors The differences of Impostumes are drawne principally from five things that is from their quantity by reason whereof Impostumos are called Great which are comprehended under the generall name of Phlegmons which happen in the fleshy parts by Galen Lib de tumor contra naauram lib. 2 ad Glauconem Indifferent or of the middle sort as Fellons Small as those which Avicen calls Bothores i. Pushes and Pustules all kinde of Scabs and Leprosies and lastly all small breakings out from their accidents as Colour from whence Impostumes are named white red pale yellow blew or blacke and so of any other colour Paine hardnesse softnesse and such like from whence they are said to be painefull not painefull hard soft and so of the rest from the matter of which they are caused and made which is either Naturall or Hot and that either Sanguine from whence a true Phlegmon Cholerick from whence a true Erysipelas Cold that either PhlegmatiCk frō whence a true Oedema Melācolick frō whēce a perfect Scyrrhus Not naturall which hath exceeded the limits of its naturall goodnesse from whence illegitimate tumors therefore of a sanguine humor of a cholerick humor Carbunckles Gangrenes eating ulcers Sphaceles are caused Of the grosser the eating Herpes of the subtiler the Herpes miliaris is made Watery and flatulent Impostumes the Kings-evill knots all phlegmatick swellings excrescenses The exquisite or perfect Scyrrhus hardnesses and all sorts of cancerous Tumors of a phlegmatick humor of a melācholick humor From the condition and nature of the parts which they possesse from whence the Ophthalmia is a Phlegmon of the eyes Parotis a tumor neere the eares Paronychia or a whitlow at the roots of the nailes and so of the rest From the efficient causes or rather the manner of doing For some impostumes are said to be made by defluxions others by congestion those are commonly hot the other cōmonly cold as it shal more manifestly appeare by the following chapter CHAP. II. Of the generall causes of Tumors THere are two generall causes of Impostumes Fluxion and Congestion Defluxions are occasioned either by the part sending or receiving the part sending discharges it selfe of the humors because the expulsive fa◅ltie resident in that part is provoked to expell them moved thereto either by the troublesomenesse of their quantity or quality The part receiving drawes and receives occasion of heat paine weakenesse whether naturall or accidentall opennesse of the passages and lower situation The causes of heat in what part soever it be are commonly three as all immoderate motion under which frictions are also contained externall heat either from fire or sun and the use of acride meates and medicines The causes of paine are foure the first is a sodaine and violent invasion of some untemperate thing by meanes of the foure first qualities the second is solution of continuitie by a wound luxation fracture contusion or distention the third is the exquisit sense of the part for you feele no paine in cutting a bone or exposing it to cold or heate the fourth is the attention as it were of the animall faculty for the minde diverted from the actuall cause of paine is lesse troubled or sensible of it A part is weake either by its nature or by some accident by its nature as the Glandules and the Emunctories of the principall parts by accident as if some distemper bitter paine or great defluxion have seazed upon it and wearied it for so the strength is weakened and the passages dilated And the lownesse of site yeeks opportunity for the falling downe of humors The causes of congestion are two principally as the weakenesse of the concoctive facultie which resides in the part by which the assimulation into the substance of the part of the nourishment flowing to it is frustrated and the weakenesse of the expulsive faculty for whilest the part cannot expell superfluities their quantity continually encreases And thus oftentimes cold impostumes have their originall from a grosse and tough humor and so are more difficult to cure Lastly all the causes of Impostumes may be reduced to three that is the primitive or externall the antecedent or internall and the conjuncte or containing as we will hereafter treat more at large CHAP. III. The signes of Impostumes or Tumors in generall BEfore wee undertake the cure of Tumors it is expedient to know their kindes and differences which knowledge must be drawne from their proper signes the same way as in other diseases But because the proper and principall signes of tumors are drawne from the essence of the part they possesse we must first know the parts and then consider what their essence and composition are We are taught both by skill in Anatomy and the observation of the deprived function especially when the affected part is one of those which lie hid in the body for we know whether or no the externall parts are affected with a tumor against nature by comparing that with his naturall which is contrary For comparing the sound part with the diseased wee shall easily judge whether it be swollen or no. But because it is not sufficient for a Chirurgion onely to know these generall signes which are knowne even to the vulgar he must attentively observe such as are more proper and nere And these are drawne from the difference of the matter and humors of which the tumors consist For this Galen teaches that all differences of tumors arise from the nature
and condition of the matter which flowes downe and generates the tumor also they are knowne by such accidents as happen to them as colour heat hardnesse softnesse paine tension resistance Wherefore paine heate rednesse and tension indicate a sanguine humor coldnesse softnesse and no great paine phlegme tension hardnesse the livide colour of the part and a pricking paine by fits melancholy and yellowish and pale colour biting paine without hardnesse of the part choler And besides Impostumes have their periods and exacerbations following the nature and motion of the humors of which they are generated Wherefore by the motion and fits it will be no difficult matter to know the kinde of the humor for as in the Spring so in the morning the bloud is in motion as in the Summer so in the middest of the day choler as in Autumne so in the evening melancholy as in Winter so on the night the exacerbations of phlegme are most predominante For Hippocrates and Galen teach that the yeare hath circuits of diseases so that the same proportion of the excesse and motion of humors which is in the foure seasons of the yeare is also in the foure quarters of each day Impostumes which are curable have foure times their beginning increase state and declination and we must alter our medicines according to the varietie of these times We know the beginning by the first swelling of the part The increase when the swelling paine and other accidents do manifestly encrease and enlarge themselves the state when the foresaid symptoms increase no more but each of them because at their height remaine in their state immoveable unlesse the very matter of the tumor degenerate and change it selfe into another kinde of humor The declination when the swelling paine feaver restlesnesse are lessened And from hence the Chirurgion may presage what the end of the tumor may be for tumors are commonly terminated foure manner of wayes if so be that the motion of the humors causing them be not intercepted or they without some manifest cause doe flow backe into the body Therefore first they are terminated by insensible transpiration or resolution secondly by suppuration when the matter is digested and ripened thirdly by induration when it degenerates into a Scyrrhus the thinner part of the humor being dissolved the fourth which is the worst of all by a corruption and Gangrene of the part which is when overcome with the violence or the abundance or quality of the humor or both it comes to that distemper that it looses its proper action It is best to terminate a tumor by resolution and the worst by corruption suppuration and induration are betweene both although that is far better than this The signes by which the Chirurgions may presage that an Impostume may be terminated by resolving are the remission or flacking of the swelling paine pulsation tension heat and all other accidents and the unaccustomed livelinesse and itching of the part and hot Impostumes are commonly thus terminated because the hot humor is easily resolved by reason of its subtilty Signes of suppuration are the intension or encrease of paine heat swelling pulsation and the feaver for according to Hippocrates paine and the feaver are greater when the matter is suppurating then whan it is suppurated The Chirurgion must be very attentive to know and observe when suppuration is made for the purulent matter oft times lies hid as Hippocrates saith by reason of the thicknesse of the part lying above or over it The signes of an Impostume degenerating into a Scyrrhus hardnesse are the diminution of the tumor and hardnesse remaining in the part The causes of the hardnesse not going away with the swelling are the weakenesse of nature the grosnesse and toughnesse of the humor and unskilfulnesse of the Chirurgion who by too long using resolving things hath occasioned that the more subtile part of the humor being dissolved the rest of the grosser nature like earthy dreggs remaines concrete in the part For so potters vessels dried in the Sunne grow hard But the unskilfull Chirurgion may occasion a Scyrrhous hardnesse by another meanes as by condensating the skinne and incrassating the humors by too much use of repercussives But you may perceive an Impostume to degenerate into a Gangrene thus if the accidents of heat rednesse pulsation and tension shall be more intense than they are wont to be in suppuration if the paine presently cease without any manifest cause if the part waxe livide or blacke and lastly if it stinke But we shall treate of this more at large when we come to treate of the Gangrene and Sphacelus A sodaine diminution of the tumor and that without manifest cause is a signe of the matter fallen backe and turned into the body againe which may be occasioned by the immoderate use of refrigerating thinge And sometimes much flatulencie mixed with the matter although there be no fault in those things which were applied Feavers and many other maligne Symptomes as swoundings and convulsion by translation of the matter to the noble parts follow this flowing backe of the humor into the body CHAP. IIII. Of the Prognosticks in Impostumes TVmors arising from a melancholy phlegmaticke grosse tough or viscors humor aske a longer time for their cure than those which are of bloud or choler And they are more difficultly cured which are of humors not naturall than those which are of humors yet contained in the bounds of nature For those humors which are rebellious offend rather in qualitie than in quantitie and undergoe the divers formes of things dissenting from nature which are joyned by no similitude or affinitie with things naturall as suet poultis hony the dregs of oile and wine yea and of solid bodies as stone sand coale strawes and sometimes of living things as Wormes Serpents and the like monsters The tumors which possesse the inner parts and noble entrailes are more dangerous and deadly as also those which are in the joints or neere to them And these tumors which seaze upon great vessels as veines arteries and nerves for feare of great effusion of bloud wasting of the spirits and convulsion So impostumes of a monstrous bignesse are often deadly by reason of the great resolution of the spirits caused by their opening Those which degenerate into a Scyrrhus are of long continuance and hard to cure as also those which are in hydropicke leprous scabby and corrupt bodies for they often turne into maligne and ill conditioned vulcers CHAP. V. Of the generall cure of Tumors against Nature THere be three things to be observed in cure of impostumes The first is the essence thereof the second the quality of the humor causing the impostume the third the temper of the part affected The first indication drawne from the essence that is from the greatnesse or smallnesse of the tumor varies the manner of curing for the medicines must
be increased or diminished according to the greatnesse of the tumor The second taken from the nature of the humor also changes our counsell for a Phlegmon must be otherwise cured than an Erysypelas and an Oëdema than a Scyrrhus and a simple tumor otherwise than a compound And also you must cure after another manner a tumor comming of an humor not naturall than that which is of a naturall humor and otherwise that which is made by congestion than that which is made by defluxion The third Indication is taken from the part in which the tumor resides by the nature of the part wee understand its temperature conformation site faculty and function The temperature indicates that some medicines are convenient for the fleshy parts as those which are more moist others for the nervous as more drie for you must apply some things to the eye and others to the throate one sort of things to these parts which by reason of their raritie are easily subject to defluxion another to those parts which by their density are not obnoxious to it But we must have good regard to the site of the part as if it have any connexion with the great vessels and if it be fit to powre forth the matter and humor when it is suppurated Galen by the name of faculty understands the use and sense of the part This hath a manifold indication in curing for some parts are principall as the Braine Heart and Liuer for their vertue is communicated to the whole body by the nerves arteries and veines Others truly are not principall but yet so necessary that none can live without them as the Stomacke Some are endued with a most quicke sence as the eye the membranes nerves and tendons wherefore they cannor endure acrid and biting medicines Having called to minde these indications the indication will be perfected by these three following intentions as if we consider the humor flowing downe or which is ready to flow the conjunct matter that is the humor impact in the part the correction of accidents yet so that we alwayes have care of that which is most urgent and of the cause Therefore first repercussives must be applied for the antecedent matter strong or weake having regard to the tumor as it is then onely excepting sixe conditions of Tumors the first is if the matter of the Tumor be venenate the second if it be a criticall abscesse the third if the defluxion be neare the noble parts the fourth if the matter be grosse tough and viscide the fifth when the matter lies farre in that is flowes by the veines which lies more deepe the sixth when it lies in the Gandules But if the whole body be plethoricke a convenient diet purging and Phlebotomie must be appointed frictions and bathes must be used Ill humors are amended by diet and purging If the weakenesse of the part receiving draw on a defluxion it must be strengthened If the part be inferiour in its site let the patient be so seated or layed that the part receiving as much as may be may be the higher If paine be the cause of defluxion we must asswage it by things mitigating it If the thinnesse or lightnesse of the humor cause defluxion it must be inspissate by meats and medicines But for the matter conteined in the part because it is against nature it requires to be evacuate by resolving things as Cataplasmes ointments somentations cupping glasses or by evacuation as by scarifying or by suppurating things as by ripening and opening the Impostume Lasty for the conjunct accidents as the Feaver paine and such like they must be mitigated by asswaging mollifying and malaxing medicines as I shall shew more at large hereafter CHAP. VI. Of the foure principall and generall Tumors and of other Impostumes which may be reduced to them THe principall and cheife Tumors which the abundance of humors generate are foure A Phlegmon Erysipelas Oâ—dema and Scyrrhus innumerable others may be reduced to these distinguished by divers names according to the various condition of the efficient cause and parts receiving Wherfore a Phygethlum Phyma Fellon Carbuncle inflammation of the eyes Squincy Bubo lastly all sorts of hot and moist tumors may be reduced to a Phlegmon The Herpes â—iliaris the eating Herpes Ringwormes and Tetters and all impostumes brought forth by choler are contained under an Erysipelas Atheromata Steâ—tomata Meldâ—â—rides the Testudo or Talpa Ganglion Knots Kings-evill Wens watery Ruptures the Ascites and Leucophlegmatia may be reduced to an Oëdema as also all flaruleâ—â— tumors which the abundance of corrupt Phlegme produces In the kindred of the Scyrrhus are reckoned a Cancer Leprosie Warts Cornâ— a Thymus a Varix Morphew black and white and other Impostumes arising from a melancholy humor Now wee will treate of these Tumors in particular beginning with a Phlegmon CHAP. VII Of a Phlegmon APhlegmon is a generall name for all Impostumes which the abundance of inflamed bloud produces That is called a true Phlegmon which is made of laudable bloud offending onely in quantity But a bastard Phlegmon or a Phlegmonous Impostume hath some other and proper name as a Carbuncle Fellon Gangrene Sphacel and the like maligne Pustules So when there is a confluâ—e of diverse humor into one tumor divers kinds of phlegmonous Impostumes called by diverse names according to the more abundant humor arise as if a small portion of phlegme shall be mixed with a greater quantity of bloud it shall be called as Oëdematous Phlegmon but if on the contrary the quantity of phlegme be the greater it shall be named a phlegmonous Oëdema and so of the rest alwayes naming the tumor from that which is most predominant in it Therefore we must observe that all differences of such tumors arise from that either because the bloud causing it offends onely in quantity which if it doe it causes that tumor which is properly called a Phlegmon if in quality it makes a Phlegmonous tumor because the matter thereof is much departed from the goodnesse of bloud But bloud is said to offend in quantity either by admixture of some other matter as Phlegme Choler or melancholy from whence proceedes Oëdematous Erysipelâ—s and Scyrrhous Phlegmons or by corruption of its proper substance from whence Carbuncles and all kindes of Gangrens or by concretion and when nature is disappointed of its attempted and hoped for suppuration either by default of the aire or patient or by the error of the Physition and hence oft times happen Atheroma's Steatoma's and Melicerides Although these things be set downe by the ancients of the simple and simular matter of the true Phlegmon yet you must know that in truth there is no impostume whose matter exquisitely shewes the nature of one and that simple humor without all admixture of any other matter for all humors are mixed together with the bloud yet from the plenty of bloud prodominating they are called
putrifaction onely excepted which properly appertaines to putride feavers For a Bubo also which is a Phlegmon of the Glandules causes a Diary as Hippocrates shewes All feavers proceeding from the Tumors of the Glandules are evill the Diary excepted Which Aphorisme must be understood warily and with that distinction which Galen gives in his commentary where he saith It is only to be understood of Tumors risen in the Glandules without occasion that is without any evident and manifest cause for otherwise Feavers that thence take their originall though not Diary yet are not all evill as we learne by Buboes in Children and the venereous Buboes which happen without inflammation or corruption of the liver for such commonly have no maligne Feaver accompanying them which thing is worthy a Chirurgions observation The common signes of a Diary are a moderate and vaporous heate feeling gentle to the hand a pulse swift and frequent sometimes great and strong as when the Diary is caused by anger sometimes litle if the Feaver proceede from sorrow hunger cold crudity for other respects equall and ordinary The most certaine signes are if the Feaver come upon one not by litle and litle but sodainly and that from some externall and evident cause no loathing of meat no causelesse wearinesse no deepe sleepe yawning great paine restlesnesse shaking nor cold going before and lastly no other troublesome symptome preceeding Wee here make no mention of the urine because most frequently they resemble the vrines of sound bodyes for in so short a time as Diaryes endure there cannot so great a perturbation be raised in the blood that there may be signes thereof found in the vrine A Diary is ended in one fit which by the proper nature of this Feaver lasts but one day although sometimes otherwise it is extended to three or foure dayes space and then it easily degenerates into a Putride especially any error of the Patient Phiâ—ition or those which attend him concurring therewith or if the externall things bee not rightly fitted This Feaver is terminated either by insensible transpiration or by the moisture of the skin or by a sweate naturall gentle and not ill smelling to this Diary wee may referre the unputride Synochus generated of blood not putrid but onely heated beyond measure For usually there arises a great heate over all the body by meanes of the blood immoderatly heated whence the veines become more tumide the face appeares fiery the Eyes red and burning the breath hot and to conclude the whole habite of the body more full by reason of that Ebullition of the blood and the diffusion of the vapours thence arising over all the body Whence it is that this kinde of Synochus may be called a vapourous Feaver To this Children are incident as also all sanguine bodyes which have no ill humors The cure of this and the Ephemera or Diary is the same because it may scarse seeme different from the Ephemera in any other thing than that it may be prolonged for three or foure dayes Wherefore whatsoever we shall say for the cure of the Ephemera may be all applyed to the Synochus bloodletting excepted which in an unputrid Synochus is very necessary Now the Cure of a Diary Feaver consists in the decent use of things not naturall contrary to the cause of the disease wherefore bathes of warme and naturall water are very profitable so that the Patient be not Plethoricke nor stufft with excrements nor obnoxious to catarrhes and defluxions because a catarrhe is easily caused and augmented by the humors diffused and dissolved by the heate of a bath therefore in this case we must eschew frictions and annointing with warme oile which things notwithstanding are thought very usefull in these kind of Feavers especially when they have their originall from extreme labour by astriction of the skin or a Bubo Let this be a generall rule that to every cause whence this Feaver proceeded you oppose the contrary for a remedy as to labour rest to watching sleep to anger and sorrow the gratefull society of friends and all things replenished with pleasant good will and to a Bubo the proper cure thereof Wine moderately tempered with water according to the custome of the sicke patient is good and profitable in all causes of this Feaver except he be pained in his head or that the Feaver drew its originall from anger or a Bubo for in this last case especially the patient must abstaine wholy from wine untill the inflammation come to the state and begins to decline This kinde of Feaver often troubles infants and then you must prescribe such medicines to their Nurses as if they were sicke that so by this meanes their milke may become medicinable Also it will be good to put the Infant himselfe into a bath of naturall and warme water and presently after the bath to anoint the ridge of the backe and brest with oile of Violets But if a Phlegmon possesse any inward part or otherwise by its nature be great or seated neare any principall Bowell so that it may continually send from it either a putrid matter or exhalation to the heart and not onely affect it by a quality or preternaturall heate by the continuity of the parts thence will arise the Putride Synochus if the blood by contagion putrifying in the greater vessells consists of on equall mixture of the foure humors This Feaver is cheifly thus knowne it hath no exacerbations or remissions but much lesse intermissions it is extended beyond the space of twenty foure houres neither doth it then end in vomite sweat moisture or by litle and litle by insensible transpiration after the manner of intermitting Feavers or Agues but remaines constant untill it leaves the Patient for altogether it commonly happens not unlesse to these of a good temper and complexion which abound with much blood and that tempered by an equall mixture of the foure humors It commonly endures not long because the blood by power of some peculiar putrifaction degenerating into choler or Melancholy will presently bring forth another kinde of feaver to wit a Tertian or continued Quartaine The cure of this Feaver as I have heard of most learned Physitions cheifly consists in Bloodletting For by letting of blood the fullnesse is diminished therfore the obstruction is taken away and lastly the putrefaction And seeing that in this kinde of Feaver there is not onely a fault of the matter by the putrefaction of the blood but also of the Temper by excesse of heat certainely Phlebotomy helps not only as we said the putrefaction but also the hote distemper For the blood in which all the heate of the creature is conteined whilest it is taken way the acrid and fuliginous excrements exhale and vanish away with it which kept in encreased the Feverish heate Moreover the veines to shun emptinesse which nature abhors are filled with much cold aire instead of the hot blood which was drawne away
which followes a cooling of the habite of the whole body yea and many by meanes of Phlebotomy have their bellye 's loosed and sweate both which are much to be desired in this kinde of Feaver This moved the ancient Physitions to write that we must draw blood in this disease even to the fainting of the Patient Yet because thus not a few have poured out their lives together with their blood it will be better and safer to divide the evacuations and draw so much blood at severall times as the greatnesse of the disease shall require and the strength of the Patient may beare When you have drawne blood forthwith inject an emollient and refrigerative clyster lest that the veines emptied by Phlebotomy may draw into them the impurity of the Guts but these clysters which coole too much rather bindethe belly than loose it The following day the Morbiâ—icke matter must be partly evacuated by a gentle purge as a bole of Cassia or Catholicon then must you appoint Syrupes which have not onely a refrigerative quality but also to resist putrefaction such as the Syrupe of Lemmons Berberries of the Iujce of Citrons of Pomgranats Sorrell and Vineger let his diet be absolutely cooling and humecting and also slender for the native heate much debilitated by drawing of a great quantity of blood cannot equall a full diet Therefore it shall suffice to feed the Patient with chicken and veale brothes made with cooling herbes as Sorrell Lettuce and Purslaine Let his drinke be Baâ—ly water Syrup of Violets mixed with some pretty quantity of boiled water Iulepum Alexandrinum especially if he be troubled with scouring oâ— laske But the Physition must cheifly have regard to the fourth day for if then there appeare any signes of concoction in the excrements the Crisis must be expected on the seventh day and that either by a loosenesse of the belly or an aboundance of urine by vomits sweats or bleeding Therefore we must then doe nothing but commit the whole businesse to nature But for drinking cold water which is so much commended by Galen in this kinde of Feaver it is not to be suffered beforethere appeare signes of concoction moreover in the declining of the disease the use of wine will not be unprofitable to helpe forwards sweats CHAP. XII Of an Erysipelas or Inflammation HAving declared the cure of a Phlegmon caused by laudable blood wee must now treate of these tumors which acknowledge Choler the materiall cause of their generation by reason of that affinity which interceeds betweene Choler and Blood Therefore the tumors caussed by naturall Choler are called Erysipelata or Inflammations these conteine a great heate in them which cheifly possesses the skin as also oftentimes some portion of the flesh lying under it For they are made by most thin and subtle blood which upon any occasion of inflammation easily becomes cholericke or by blood and choler hotter than is requisit and sometimes of choler mixed with an acride serous humor That which is made by sincere and pure choler is called by Galen a true and perfect Erysipelas But there arise three differences of Erysipelaes by the admixture of choler with the three other kinds of humors For if it being predominant be mixed with blood it shall be termed Erysipelas Phlegmonodes if with phlegme Erysipelas oedematodes if with Melancholy Erysipelas Sâ—irrhodes So that the former and substantive word shewes the humor bearing dominion but the latter or adjective that which is inferiour in mixture But if they concurre in equall quantity there will be thereupon made Erysipelas Phlegmone Erysipelas oedema Erysipelas scirrhus Galen acknowledges two kinds of Erysipelaes one simple and without an ulcer the other ulcerated For Choler drawne and severed from the warmnesse of the blood running by its subtlety and acrimony vnto the skin ulcerates it but restrained by the gentle heat of the blood as a bridle it is hindred from peircing to the top of the skin and makes a tumor without an ulcer But of unnaturall choler are caused many other kinds of cholericke tumors as the Herpes exedens and Miliaris and lastly all sorts of tumors which come betweene the Herpes and Cancer You may know Erysipelaes cheifly by three signes as by their colour which is a yellowish red by their quicke sliding backe into the body at the least compression of the skin the cause of which is the subtlety of the humor and the outward site of it under the skin whereupon by some an Erysipelas is called a Disease of the skin Lastly by the number of the Symptoms as heat pulsation paine The heat of an Erysipelas is far greater than that of a Phlegmon but the pulsation is much lesse for as the heat of the blood is not so great as that of choler so it farre exceeds choler in quantity and thicknesse which may cause compression and obstruction of the adjacent muscle For Choler easily dissipable by reason of its subtlety quickly vanishes neither doth it suffer it selfe to be long conteined in the empty spaces betweene the muscles neither doth an Erysipelas agree with a Phlegmon in the propriety of the paine For that of an Erysipelas is pricking and biting without tension or heavinesse yet the primitive antecedent and conjunct causes are alike of both the tumors Although an Erysipelas may be incident to all parts yet principally it assailes the face by reason of the rarity of the skin of that place and the lightnesse of the cholericke humor flying upwards It is ill when an Erysipelas comes upon a wound or ulcer and although it may come to suppuration yet it is not good for it shewes that there is obstruction by the admixture of a grosse humor whence there is some danger of erosion in the parts next under the skin It is good when an Erysipelas comes from within outwards but ill when from without it retires inward But if an Erysipelas possesse the wombe it is deadly and in like manner if it spread too far over the face by reason of the sympathy of the membranes of the braine CHAP. XIII Of the cure of an Erysipelas FOr the cure of an Erysipelas we must procure two things to wit evacuation and Refrigeration But because there is more need of cooling than in a Phlegmon the cheefe scope must be for refrigeration Which being done the conteined matter must be taken away and evacuated with moderatly resolving medicines We must doe foure things to attaine unto these forementioned ends First of all we must appoint a convenient manner of Diet in the use of the sixe things not naturall that is we must incrassate refrigerate and moisten as much as the nature of the disease and patient will suffer much more than in a Phlegmon then we will evacuate the Antecedent matter by opening a veine and by medicines purging choler And that by cutting the Cephalicke veine if there be a portion of the blood
mixed with Choler if the Erysipelas possesse the face and if it be spread much over it But if it shall invade another part although it shall proceed of pure choler Phlebotomy will not be so necessary because the blood which is as a bridle to the choler being taken away there may be danger lest it become more fierce yet if the body be plethoricke it will be expedient to let blood because this as Galen teacheth is oft times the cause of an Erysipelas It will be expedient to give a clyster of refrigerating and humâ—â—ting things before you open a veine but it belongs to a learned and prudent Physition to prescribe medicines purging choler The third care must be taken for Topick or locall medicines which in the beginning and encrease must be cold and moist without any either drynes or astriction because the more acride matter by use of astringent things being driven in would ulcerate and fret the adjacent particle Galen and Avicen much commend this kinde of remedy Take faire water â„¥ vj of the sharpest Vinegar â„¥ j make an Oxycrate in which you may wet linnen clothes and apply to the affected part and the circumjacent places renew them often Or â„ž Succi solani planâ—ag sempervivi an â„¥ ij aceti â„¥ ss Mucaginis sem Psylij â„¥ ij succi hyoscyami â„¥ j Misce But if the Erysipelas be upon the face you must use the medicine following â„ž Vnguent Ros â„¥ iiij succi plantagin sempervivi an â„¥ j. Camphorâ—Ê’ss aceti parum let them be mixed together and make a liniment But if the heate and paine be intolerable we must come to narcoticke medicines As â„ž succi hyoscyami solani cicutae an â„¥ j. album ovorum n. ij aceti â„¥ ss opij Camphor an grâ— 4 croc◠℈ ss Mucaginis sem psill faenigr extractae in aq ros plantag an â„¥ j ol de papau â„¥ ij fiat linimentum addendo ung refrigerantis Gal. camphor q. satis sit Yet we must not use such like medicines too long lest they cause an extinction of the native heate and mortification of the part Wherefore such Narcoticke medicines must be used with regard of place time and such other circumstances Therefore we may three manner of wayes understand when to desist from using Narcoticke or stupefactive medicines The first is when the Patient in the affected part feels not so much heat pricking and paine as before The second is when the part feeles more gentle to the touch than before The third when the fiery and pallide colour begins by litle and litle to waxe livid and blacke for then must we abstaine from Narcoticke and use resolving and strengthening things whereby the part may be revived and strengthened by recalling the Native heate As â„ž â—arina hordei Orobi an â„¥ ij farina sem lini â„¥ jss coquantur in Hydromelite vel oxycrato addendo pulv rosarum chamaemael an â„¥ ss aâ—ethi chamaem an â„¥ j fiat cataplasmâ— Or you may use this following fomentation â„ž Rad. Altheae â„¥ ij fol. malvae bismal pariet absinthij salviae an m. j. flor chamaem meliloti rosar rub an m. ij coquantur in aequis partibus vini aquâ— fiat fotus cum spongia After the fomentation you may apply an Emplaister of Diachylon Ireatum or Diapalma dissolved in oile of chamomille and Melilote and such other like The fourth Intention which is of the correction of accidents we will performe by these meanes which we mentioned in curing a Phlegmon by varying the medicaments according to the judgement of him which undertakes the cure CHAP. XIIII Of the Herpes that is Teaters or Ringwormes or such like HErpes is a tumor caused by pure choler separated from the rest of the humors that is carryed by its naturall lightnesse and tenuitye even to the outer or scarfe skin and is diffused over the surface thereof Galen makes three sorts of this tumor For if perfect choler of an indifferent substance that is not very thicke cause this tumor then the simple Herpes is generated obteining the name of the Genus but if the humor be not so thin but compounded with some small mixture of Phlegme it will raise litle blisters over the skin like to the seeds of Miller whence it was that the Ancients called this Tumor the Herpes Miltaris But if it have any admixture of Melancholy if will be an Herpes exedens terrible by reason of the erosion or eating into the skin and muscles lying under it There are absolutely three intentions of curing The first is to appointe a Diet just like that we mentioned in the cure of an Erysipelas The second is to evacuate the antecedent cause by medicines purging the peccant humor for which purpose oft-times clysters will suffice especially if the patient be somewhat easie by nature and if the urine flow according to your desire for by this a great part of the humor may be carryed into the bladder The third shall be to take away the conjunct cause by locall medicines ordained for the swelling and ulcer Therefore the Chirurgion shall have regard to two things that is the resolving of the tumor and the drying up of the ulcer for every ulcer requires drying which can never be attained unto unlesse the swelling be taken away Therefore because the chiefest care must be to take away the Tumor which unlesse it be performed there can be no hope to heale the ulcer he shall lay this kinde of medicine to dissolve and dry as â„ž Cerusae tuthiae praepar an â„¥ j. ol ros adipis capon an â„¥ ij corticis pini usti loci â„¥ ss cerae quantum satis fiat unguentum Or â„ž Farin hordei lent an â„¥ ij conquantur in decocto corticis mali granati balaust plantag addendo pulveris rosar ruâ— absinth an â„¥ ss olei Myrtillor mellis com an Ê’vj fiat ungentum ut artis est But for an Herpes Miliaris these must chiefly be used â„ž pulv gallarum malicorij balaust boli armeni an â„¥ j. aquae ros â„¥ iij aceti acerrimi â„¥ j. axungiae anser olei Myrtillor an â„¥ jss terebinth â„¥ j fiat unguentum ad usum I have often sound most certaine helpe in unguentum enulatum cum Mercurio for it kills the pustules and partly wasts the humor conteined in them Yet if the ulcer not yet neither yeelds but every day diffuseâ— it selfe further and further you shall touch the edges and lipps thereof with some acride medicine as Aqua fortis oyle of Vitriole of such like for by this kinde of remedy I have oft times healed fretting ulcers which seemed altogether incureable CHAP. XV. Of Feavers which happen upon Erysipelous Tumors AS Feavers sometimes happen upon Inflammations and Erysipelaes which savour of the humor whereof they proceed that is Choler Therefore seeing it is peculiar to Choler to move every third day it
is no marvaile if great Inflammations bring with them Tertian Feavers or Agues which have their fit every third day for it is called anIntermitting Tertian which comes every other day The Primitive causes in generall are strong exercises especially in the hot Sunne the use of heating and drying either meats or medicines great abstinence joyned with great labour care sorrow the antecedent causes are the plenty of choler in the body an hot and dry distemperature either of the whole body or of the liver onely the conjunct cause is the putrefaction of the Cholericke humor lying in some plenty without the greater vessells in the habit of the body The signes a shaking or shivering like as when we have made water in a cold winter morning a great pricking stretching or stiffnesse as if there were pins thrust into us over all our bodies by reasoÌ„ of the acrimony of the cholerick humor driven uncertainly violently over all the body the sensible membranous Nervousparticles at the beginning of the fit then presently the heate becomes acride the Feaver kindled like a fire in dry straw the pulse is great quicke and equall the tongue dry the urine yellowish red and thin The Symptomes are watchings thirst talking idlely anger disquietnesse tossing the body at the least noise or whispering These Feavers are terminated by great sweats They are incident to cholericke young men such as are leane in Summers after the fit oft times follow cholericke vomiting yellowish stooles After the fit there followes an absolute intermission reteining no reliques of the Feaver untill the approach of the following fit because all the cholericke matter by the force of that fit nature is easily cast out of the body by reason of its natural levity facillity whereas in Quotidians there is no such thing as which after the fit alwaies leave in the body a sense seeling of a certaine inequality by reason of the stubbornesse of the Phlegmatick humor dulnesse to motion The fit commonly uses to endure 4 5 or 6 houres although at sometime it may be extended to 8 or 10. This Feaver is ended at 7 fits and usually is not dangerous unlesse there be some error committed by the Physition Patient or such as attend him Tertians in summer are shorter in winter longer Wherefore the beginning of the fit is accompanied with stiffenesse or stretching the state with sweate whereupon if the nose lips of mouth breake forth into pimples or scabbes it is a signe of the end of the Feaver and of the power of nature which is able to drive the conjunct cause of the disease from the center to the habite of the body yet these pimples appeare not in the declining of all Tertians but onely then when the Cholericke humor causing the Feaver shall reside in the stomacke or is driven thither from some other part of the first region of the Liver For hence the subtler portion therof carryed by the continuation of the inner coate to the mouth and nose by its acrimony easily causes pimples in these places The cure is performed by Diet and Pharmacy Therefore let the Diet be so ordered for the sixe things not naturall that it may incline to refrigeration and humection as much as the digestive faculty will permit as Lettuce Sorrell Gourds Cowcumbers Mallowes Barly Creames Wine much a laid with water thinne small and that sparingly and not before signes of concoction shall appeare in the urine for at the beginning he may not use wine nor in the declining but with these conditions which we have prescribed But for the time of feeding the patient on that day the fit is expected hee must eate nothing for three houres before the fit lest the aguish heate lighting on such meaâ—s as yet crude may corrupt and putrefie them whence the matter of the Feaver may be increased because it is as proper to that heate to corrupt all things as to the native to preserve and vindicate from putrefaction the fit lengthened and nature called away from the concoction and excretion of the Morbisicke humor yet wee may temper the severity of this law by having regard to the strength of the patient for it will be convenient to feed a weake patient not onely before the fit but also in the fit it selfe but that onely sparingly lest the strength should be too much impaired Now for Pharmacy It must be considered whether the strength of the Patient be sufficient if the humors abound for then you may prescribe Diaprunum simplex Cassia newly extracted the decoction of Violets of Citrine Myrobalanes Syrupes of Violets Roses of Pomegranats and Vinâ—ger But if the powers of the Patient languish hee must not onely not be purged but also must not draw blood too plenteously because Cholericke men soone faint by reason of the facile and casie dissipation of the subtle humors and spirits besides such as are subject to tertian Feavers doe not commonly abound with blood unlesse it be with Choleticke blood which must rather be renued or amended by cooling and humecting things than evacuated Yea verily when it is both commodious and necessary to evacuate the body it may be attempted with far more safety by such things as worke by insensible transpiration which provoke sweats vomite or urine by reason of the subtlety of the Cholericke humor than by any other Also the frequent use of emollient glysters made with a docoction of Prunes jujubes Violets branne and Barly will profit much If the patient fall into a Delirium or talke idlely by reason of the heate and drynes of the head with a particular excesse of the Cholericke humor the head must be cooled by applying to the Temples and forehead and putting into the nose oyle of Violets Roses or womans milke Let the feete and legs be bathed in faire and warme water and the soles of the feet be anoynted with oyle of Violes and such like In the declining a Bath made of the branches of Vines the leaves of Willowes Lettuce and other refrigerating things boyled in faire water may be profitablely used three houres after meat eaten sparingly But I would have you so to understand the Declination or declining not of one particular fit but of the disease in generall that the humors already concocted allured to the skin by the warmnesse of the bath may more easily and readily breathe forth he which otherwise ordaines a bath at the beginning of the disease will cause a constipation in the skin and habit of the body by drawing thither the humors peradventure tough and grosse no evacuation going before Also it will be good after generall purgations to cause sweate by drinking White wine thinne and well tempered with water but urine by decoction of Smallage and Dill Certainely sweate is very laudable in every putride Feaver because it evacuates the conjunct matter of the disease but chiefly in a Tertian by reason that choler
by its inbred levity easily takes that way and by its subtilty is easily resolved into sweat But that the sweate may be laudable it is fit it be upon a criticall day and be foreshewed by signes of concoction agreeable to the time and manner of the disease Sweats when as they flow more slowly are forwarded by things taken inwardly and applyed outwardly by things taken inwardly as with white wine with a decoction of Figgs Raisons stoned grasse roots and the like opening things but by things outwardly applyed as spunges dipped in a decoction of hot herbes as Rosmary Time Lavander Marjerome and the like applyed to the Groines Armeholes and ridge of the backe You may for the same purpose fill two Swines bladders with the same decoction or else stone bottles and put them to the feete sides and betweene the thighes Then let this be the bound of sweating when the patient begins to waxe cold that is when the sweate feeles no more hote but cold But by the consent of all blood must not be letten after the third fit but presently at the beginning of the Feaver according to the opinion and prescription of Galen for seeing this Feaver for the most part is terminated at seven fits if you stay untill the third fit be past the Feaver will now be comne to its state but Hippocrates forbide us to move any thing in the state least nature then busied in concocting the disease be called from its begun enterprise CHAP. XVI Of an Oedema or cold Phlegmaticke Tumor HItherto wee have treated of hote Tumors now wee must speake of cold Cold Tumors are onely two on Oedema and a Scirrhus And for all that Hippocrates and the Ancients used the word Oedema for all sorts of Tumors in generall yet by Galen and these Physitions which succeeded him it hath beene drawne from that large and generall signification to a more straite and speciall onely to designe a certaine species or kinde of Tumor Wherefore an Oedema is a soft laxe and painlesse Tumor caused by collection of a fleg maticke humor The Ancients made eight differences of Tumors proceeding of Phlegme The first they termed a true and lawfull Oedema proceeding from naturall Phlegme from unnaturall Phlegme by admixtion of another humor they would have three sorts of Tumors to arise as that by mixture of blood should be made an Oedema Phlegmonodes and so of the rest Besides when they perceived unnaturall Phlegme either puffed up by flatulency or to slow with a waterish moisture they called some Oedemaes flatulent others waterish but also when they saw this same Phlegme often to turne into a certaine Plaister-like substance they thought that hence proceeded another kinde of Oedema which they expressed one while by the name of Atheroma another while by Steaetoma and sometime by Melicerides as lastly they called that kind of Oedema which is caused by putride and corrupt flegme Scrophulae For we must observe that Phlegme sometimes is naturall and offends onely in quantity whence the true Oedema proceeds other whiles it is not naturall and it becomes not naturall either by admixtion of a strange substance as blood Choler or Melancholy whence arise the three kinds of Oedema's noted formerly by the way or by the putrednesse and corruption of its proper substance whence the Struma and Scrophulae proceed or by concretion whence kernells and all kinds of Wens Ganglia and knots or by resolution whence all flatulent and waterish Tumors as the Hydrocele Pneumatocele and all kinds of Dropsies The causes of all Oedema's are the defluxion of a Phlegmaticke or flatulent humor into any part or the congestion of the same made by litle litle in any part by reason of the imbecillity thereof in concocting the nourishment and expelling the excrement The signes are a colour whitish and like unto the skinne a soft Tumor rare and laxe by reason of the plentifull moisture with which it abounds and without paine by reason this humor inferres no sense of heate nor manifest cold when you presse it with your finger the print thereof remaines because of the grossenesse of the humor and slownesse to motion Oedema's breed rather in winter than in the summer because winter is fitter to heape up Phlegme they chiefly possesse the Nervous and Glandulous parts because they are bloodlesse and so cold and more fit by reason of their loosenesse to receive a defluxion for the same cause bodyes full of ill humors ancient and not exercised are cheifly troubled with this kinde of Tumor An Oedema is terminated sometimes by resolution but oftner by concretion seldomer by supputation by reason of the small quantity of heate in that humor A Symptomaticall Oedema as that which followes upon a Dropsie or Consumption admits no cure unlesse the disease be first taken away The generall cure is placed in two things that is in evacuation of the conjunct matter prohibiting the generation of the antecedent Wee attaine to both cheifly by foure meanes The first truely by ordaining a fit manner of living and prescribing moderation in the use of the sixe things not naturall Wherefore we must make choyse of such aire as is hote dry and subtle wee must prescribe wine of a middle nature for his drinke let the bread be well baked let meates be appointed which may generate good blood and these rather rosted than boyled Let all fruites be forbidden as also brothes and milke-meates let him eate such fish as are taken in stony rivers the Patient shall observe mediocrity in feeding but principally sobriety in drinking for feare of crudities After meat let him use digestive powders or common drige pouder if his belly be not naturally loose let it be made so by arte Let the Patient use exercise before meate so by litle and litle to spend this humor and restore the native heate Let him sleepe litle because much fleepe breedeth cold humors let him avoyde griefe and sadnesse And if he be of a weake body let him absteine from venery lest by another weakening by the use of venery added to his present infirmity he fall into an uncureable coldnesse from whence a greater measure of crudity will arise Otherwise if the body be strong and lusty by such exercises and the moderate use of venery it will be the more dryed and heated For so that sentence of Hippocrates is to be understood That venery is a cure for Phlegmaticke diseases as Galen in his commentaryes tells us The Physition may performe the second intention by turning his counsell to that part from whence the spring of this Phlegmaticke humour flowes For if the infirmity arise from the stomacke or from any other part the part from whence it comes must be strengthened if from the whole habite of the body let attenuating penetrating and opening medicines be prescribed Wee performe the third intention by evacuating the humor impact in the
making incision through the skin are pulled and cut away from these parts with which they were entangled But in the performance of this worke wee take speciall care that we doe not violate or hurt with our instrument the jugular veines the sleepy arteries or recurrent nerves If at any time there be danger of any great effluxe of bloud after they are plucked from the skn they must be tied at their roots by thrusting through a needle and thred and then binding the thred strait on both sides that so bound they fall off by themselves by little and little without any danger The remainder of the cure may be performed according to the common rules of Art CHAP. XXIII Of the Feaver which happens upon an oedematous Tumor HAving shewed all the differences of oedematous tumors it remaines that we briefely treate of the Symptomatical feaver which is sometimes seene to happen upon them This therefore retaining the motion of the humor by which it is made is commonly of their kinde which they name Intermitting Quotidians Now the fit of a Quotidian comes every day and in that repetition continues the space of eighteene houres the residue of the day it hath manifest intermission The primitive causes of this feaver are the coldnesse and humitity of the aire encompassing us the long use of cold meates and drinkes and of all such things as are easily corrupted as Summer fruites crude fishes and lastly the omission of our accustomed exercise The antecedent causes are a great repletion of tumors and these especially phlegmaticke The conjunct cause is phlegme putrefying in the habite of the body and first region thereof without the greater veines The signes of this feaver are drawne from three things as first naturall for this Feaver or Ague chiefely seazes upon these which which are of a cold and moist temper as Old-men Women Children Eunuches because they have abundance of phlegme and it invades Old-men by its owne nature because their native heate being weake they cannot convert their meates then taken in a small quantity into laudable bloud and the substance of the parts But it takes children by accident not of its selfe and the owne nature for children are hot and moist but by reason of their voracitie or greedinesse and their violent inordinate and continuall motion after their plentifull feeding they heape up a great quantity of crude humors fit matter for this feaver whereby it comes to passe that fat children are chiefely troubled with this kinde of feaver because they have the passages of their bodies straite and stopped or because they are subject to Wormes they are troubled with paine by corruption of their meate whence ariseth a hot distemper by putrefaction and the elevation of putride vapours by which the heart being molested is easily taken by this kinde of feaver From things not naturall the signes of this feaver are thus drawne It chiefely takes one in Winter and the Spring in a cold and moist Region in a sedentary and idle life by the use of meates not onely cold and moist but also hot and dry if they be devoured in such plenty that they over whelme the native heate For thus wine although it be by faculty and nature hot and dry yet taken too immoderately it accumulates phlegmaticke humors and causes cold diseases Therefore drunkennesse gluttony crudity bathes and exercises presently after meate being they draw the meats as yet crude into the body and veines and to conclude all things causing much phlegme in us may beget a Quotidian feaver But by things contrary to nature because this feaver usually followes cold diseases the Center Circumference and Habit of the body being refrigerated The symptomes of this feaver are the paine of the mouth of the stomacke because that phlegme is commonly heaped up in this place whence followes a vomiting or casting up of phlegme the face lookes pale and the mouth is moist without any thirst often times in the fit it selfe because the stomacke flowing with phlegme the watery and thinner portion thereof continually flowes up into the mouth and tongue by the continuitie of the inner coate of the ventricle common to the gullet and mouth It takes one with coldnesse of the extreame parts a small and deepe pulse which notwithstanding in the vigour of the fit becomes more strong great full and quicke Iust after the same manner as the heate of this feaver at the first touch appeares mild gentle moist and vaporous but at the length it is felt more acride no other-wise than fire kindled in greene wood which is small weake and smokie at the first but at the length when the moisture being overcome doth no more hinder its action it burnes and flames freely The Patients are freed from their fits with small sweats which at the first fits breake forth very sparingly but more plentifully when the Crisis is at hand the urine at the first is pale and thicke and sometimes thinne that is when there is obstruction But when the matter is concoct as in the state it is red if at the beginning of the fit they cast up any quantity of phlegme by vomite and that fit be terminated in a plentifull sweate it shewes the feaver will not long last for it argues the strength of nature the yeelding and tenuitie of the matter flying up and the excretion of the conjunct cause of the feaver A Quotidian feaver is commonly long because the phlegmaticke humor being cold and moist by nature is heavie and unapt for motion neither is it without feare of a greater disease because oft times it changes into a burning or quartaine feaver especially if it be bred of salt Phlegme for saltnesse hath affinity with bitternesse wherefore by adustion it easily degenerates into it so that it neede not seeme very strange if salt Phlegme by adustion turne into choler or Melancholy Those who recover of a quotidian Feaver have their digestive faculty very weake wherefore they must not be nourished with store of meats nor with such as are hard to digest In a quotidian the whole body is filled with crude humors whereby it comes to passe that this Feaver oft times lasts sixty dayes But have a care you be not deceived and take a double tertian for a quotidian because it takes the patient every day as a quotidian doth Verily it will be very easie to distinguish these Feavers by the kinde of the humor and the propriety of the Symptomes and accidents beside quotidians commonly take one in the evening or the midst of the night as then when our bodies are refrigerated by the coldnesse of the aire caused by the absence of the Sunne Wherefore then the cold humors are moved in us which were bridled a litle before by the presence and heate of the Sunne But on the contrary double tertians take one about noone The shortnesse and gentlenesse of the fit the plentitifull sweat breaking forth the
ulcerated Cancer Also this following water is very profitable and often approved by me â„ž Stercoris bubuli lb. iiij herbae Roberti plantag sempervivi hyoscyami portulac lactuc. endiv. an m. j. cancros sluâ—iatiles num xij let them be all beaten together and distilled in a leaden Alembicke keepe the liquor for use and with it make often injection into the part or if the site of the part will permit let the cancerous ulcers be washed therewith and pledgets of lint steeped therein be applyed and renewed ever and anon for so the acrimony and force of the inflammation is retunded and the paine asswaged Galen beats into powder river Crabs burnt the powder mixed with oyntment of Roses is most profitably applyed upon lint to cancerous ulcers It will be very convenient to put into the necke of the wombe the following instrument made of Golde or Silver whereby the cancerous filth may have free and safe passage forth and the filthy and putredinous vapours may more easily breathe forth Therefore let it be hollow quite through some five or sixe fingers long and about the bignes of ones Thumbe at the upper end perforated with many holes whereby the filth may have passage forth Let the outer or lower end be some two fingers thicke in the circumference make it with a neat springe that may hold that end open more or lesse according to the Physitions minde let there be two strings or laces put unto it by which being tyed before and behinde to the rowler with which the woman shall gift her loynes the Device may be kept from falling as you may see in the following figure A Vent made like a Pessary for the wombe affected with a Cancerous ulcer A. Shewes the upper end perforated with five or sixe holes B. The Lower end C. That part of the end which is opened by the springe which is marked with the letter D. E E. The strings or laces Neither is that remedy for not ulcerated cancers to be contemned which consists of a plate of lead besmeared with quick-silver for Galen himselfe testifies that lead is a good medicine for maligne and inveterate ulcers But Guido Cauliacensis is a witnesse of ancient credit and learning that such plates of lead rubbed over with quick-silver to such maligne ulcers as contemne the force of other medicines are as it were Antidotes to waste and overcome their malignity and euill nature This kinde of remedy when it was prescribed by that most excellent Physition Hollerius who commanded me to apply it to the Lady of Montigni maide of Honor to the Queene mother troubled with a Cancer in her left brest which equalled the bignes of a Wallnut did not truely throughly heale it yet notwithstanding kept it from further growth Wherefore at the length growing weary of it when shee had committed her selfe to a certaine Physitian boldly promising her quicke helpe she tryed with losse of her life how dangerous and disadvantagious that cure of a Cancer was which is undertaken according to the manner of healing other ulcers for this Physition when he had cast away this our medicine and had begun the cure with mollifying heating and attractive thing the paine inflammation and all the other Symptoms encreasing the Tumor grew to that bignes that being the humor drawne thither could not be conteined in the part it selfe it stretched the brest forth so much that it broke it in the middle just as a Pomegranate cleaves when it comes to its full maturity whereupon an immoderate fluxe of blood following for staying whereof hee was forcte to strew causticke pouders thereon but by this meanes the inflammation and paine becomming more raging and swoundings comming upon her shee poore Soule in steed of her promised health yeelded up her ghost in the Physitions bosome CHAP. XXXI Of the Feaver which happeneth in Scirrhous Tumors SVch a Feaver is a Quartaine or certainly comming neare unto the nature of a Quartaine by reason of the nature of the Melancholike humor of which it is bred For this shut up in a certaine seat in which it makes the tumor by communication of putride vapours heats the heart above measure and enflames the humors conteined therein whence arises a Feaver Now therefore a quartaine is a Feaver comming every fourth day and having two dayes intermission The primitive causes thereof are these things which encrease Melancholicke humors in the body such as the long eating of pulse ofcourse and burnt bread of salte flesh and fish of grosse meates as Beese Goate Venison olde Hares olde Cheese Cabbage thicke and muddy wines and other such things of the same kinde The antecedent causes are a heaped up plenty of Melancholicke humors abounding over all the body But the conjunct causes are Melancholike humors putrifying without the greater vessels in the small veines and habite of the body We may gather the signes of a Quartaine feaver from things which they call naturall not naturall and against nature from things naturall for a cold and dry temper oldeage cold and fat men having their veines small and lying hidde their spleene swolne and weak are usually troubled with quartaine Feavers Of things not naturall this Feaver or Ague is frequent in Autumne not onely because for that it is cold and dry it is fit to heape up Melancholike humors but cheifly by reason that the humors by the heate of the preceding Summer are easily converted into adust Melancholy whence far worser and more dangerous quartaines arise than of the simple Melancholike humor to conclude through any cold or dry season in a region cold and dry men that have the like Temper easily fall into quartaines if to these a painefull kinde of life full of danger and sorrow doth accrew Of things contrary to nature because the fitts take one with painefull shaking inferring as it were the sence of breaking or shaking the bones further it taketh one every fourth day with an it ching over the whole body and oft times with a thinne skurfe and pustles especially on the legges the pulse at the beginning is litle slow and deepe and the urine also is then white and waterish inclining to somewhat a darke colour In the declination when the matter is concocted the urine becomes blacke not occasioned by any maligne Symptome or preternaturall excesse of heat for so it should be deadly but by excretion of the conjunct matter The fit of the Quartaine continues 24 houres but the intermission is 48 houres It often takes its originall from an obstruction paine and Scirrhus of the Spleene and the suppression of the courses and Haemorroides Quartaines taken in the Summer are for the most part short but in the Autumne long especially such as continue till Winter Those which come by succession of any disease of the Liver Spleene or any other precedent disease are worse than such as are bred of themselves and commonly end in a Dropsie But those which
happen without the fault of any bowells and to such a patlent as will be governed by the Physition in his Diet infer no greater harme but free him from more grievous and long diseases as Melancholy the Falling sicknesse Convulsions Madnesse because the Melancholy humor the author of such diseases is expelled every fourth day by the force of the fit of the Quartaine A Quartane Feaver if there be no error committed commonly exceeds not a yeare for otherwise some Quartanes have beene found to last to the twelfth yeare according to the opinion of Auicen the Quartane beginning in Autumne is oft times ended in the following spring the Quartane which is caused by adust blood or choler or Salt flegme is more easily and sooner cured than that which proceeds from an adust Melancholy humor because the Melancholy humor terrestriall of its owne nature and harder to be discussed than any other humor is againe made by adustion the subtiller parts being dissolved and the grosser subsiding more stubborne grosse maligne and acride The cure is wholy absolved by two meanes that is by Diet and medicines The Diet ought to be prescribed contrary to the cause of the Feaver in the use of the sixe things not naturall as much as lyes in our power Wherfore the Patient shall eschew Swines flesh flatulent viscide and glutinous meats fenny fowles salt meats and Venison and all things of hard digestion The use of white wine indifferent hot and thin is convenient to attenuate and incide the grosse humor and to move urine and sweat yea verily at the beginning of the fit a draught of such wine will cause vomiting which is athing of so great moment that by this one remedy many have been cured Yet if we may take occasion and opportunity to provoke vomit there is no time thought fitter for that purpose than presently after meate for then it is the sooner provoked the sibers of the Stomach being humected relaxed and the stomach is sooner turned to vomiting whereupon followes a more plentifull happy and casie evacuation of the Flegmatique and Cholericke humor and lesse trouble some to nature and of all the crudities with which the mouth of the ventricle abounds in a Quartaine by reason of the more copious afflux of the Melancholike humor which by his qualities cold and dry disturbes all the actions and naturall faculties Moreouer exercises and frictions are good before meat such passions of the minde as are contrary to the cause from which this Feaver takes his originall are fit to be cherished by the patient as Laughter Ieasting Musique and all such like things full of pleasure and mirth At the beginning the patient must be gently handled and delt withall and we must abstaine from all very strong medicines untill such time as the disease hath beene of some continuance For this humor contumacious at the beginning when as yet nature hath attempted nothing is againe made more stubborne terrestriall and dry by the almost fiery heat of acride medicines If the body abound with bloud some part thereof must be taken away by opening the Median or Basilick veine of the left arme with this caution that if it appeare more grosse and blacke we suffer it to flow more plentifully if more thin and tinctured with a laudable red Colour that we presently stay it The matter of this Feaver must be ripened concocted and diminished with the Syrrupes of Epithymum of Scolopendrium of Mayden hayre Agrimony with the waters of Hopps Buglosse Borage and the like I sincerely protest next unto God I have cured very many quartaines by giving a potion of a little Treakle dissolved in about some two ounces of Aqua vita also sometimes by two or three graines of muske dissolued in Muskadine given at the beginning of a particular fitt towards the generall declination of the disease after generall purgations the humor and body being prepared and the powers strong And certainly an inveterate Quartaine can scarce ever be discussed unlesse the body be much heated with meates and medicines Therefore it is not altogether to be disproved which many say that they have driven away a quartaine by taking a draught of wine every day as soone as they came forth of their bed in which some leaves of Sage had bin infused all the night Also it is good a little before the fit to anoint all the spine of the backe with oyles heating all the nervous parts such as are the oyle of Rue Wallnuts of the Peppers mixing therewith a little Aqua vitae but for this purpose the oyle of Castoreum which hath beene boyled in an apple of Coloquiâ—tida the Kernells taken out uppon hot coles to the consumption of the halfe part mixing therewith some little quantity of the powders of Pepper Pelitory of Spaine and Euphorbium is excellent Certainly such like Inunctions are good not onely to mitigate the vehemency of the terrible shaking but also to provoke sweats for because by their humid heat they discusse this humor being dull and rebellious to the expulsive facultie for the Melancholy is as it were the drosse and mudde of the bloud Therefore if on the contrary the Quartaine feaver shall be caused by adust choler we must hope for and expect a cure by refrigerating and humective medicines such as are Sorrell Lettuce Purflane brothes of the decoction of Cowcumbers Gourds Mellons and Pompions For in this case if any use hot medicines he shall make this humor most obstinate by the resolving of the subtiller parts Thus Trallianus boasts that hee hath cured these kinds of Quartane Feaver by the onely use of refrigerating Epithemaes being often repeated a little before the beginning of the fit And this is the summe of the Cure of true and legitimate intermitting Feavers That is of those which are caused by one simple humor whereby the Cure of those which they call bastard intermitting Feavers may be easily gathered and understood as which are bred by a humor impure and not of one kinde but mixt or composed by admixture of some other matter for example according to the mixture of diverse humors Flegmatique and cholericke the medicines must also be mixt as if it were a confused kinde of Feaver of a Quotidian and tertian it must be cured by a medicine composed of things evacuating flegme and choler CHAP. XXXII Of an Aneurisma that is the dilatation or springing of an Artery veine or Sinnew AN Aneurisma is a soft tumor yeelding to the touch made by the bloud and spirit powred forth under the flesh and Muscles by the dilatation or relaxation of an Artery Yet the author of the definitions seemes to call any dilatation of any venous vessell by the name of an Aneurisma Galen calls an Aneurisma an opening made of the Anastomasis of an Artery Also an Aneurisma is made when an Artery that is wounded closeth too slowly the substance which is above it being in the meane time agglutinated filled with
divers times done with good successe But if it cannot be so done it will be better to put to your hand than through idlenesse to suffer the patient to remaine in imminent and deadly danger of strangling yet in this there must very great caution be used for the Chirurgeon shall not judge the Vvula fit to be touched with an instrument or caustick which is swolne with much enflamed or blacke blood after the manner of a Cancer but hee shall boldly put to his hand if it be longish grow small by litle and litle into a sharpe loose soft point if it be neither exceeding red neither swolne with too much blood but whitish and without paine Therefore that you may more easily and safely cut away that which redounds and is superfluous desire the patient to sit in a light place and hold his mouth open then take hold of the top of the Vvula with your sizers and cut away as much thereof as shall be thought unprofitable Other-wise you shall binde it with the instrument here under described the invention of this instrument is to be ascribed to Honoratus Tastellanus that diligent and learned man the Kings Physition in ordinary and the chiefe Physition of the Queene mother Which also may be used in binding of Polypi and warts in the necke of the Wombe The Deliniation of constrictory rings fit to twitch or binde the Columella with a twisted thred A. Shewes the ring whose upper part is some-what hollow B. A double waxed thred which is couched in the hollownesse of the ring and hath a running or loose knot upon it C. An iron rod into the eye whereof the fore-mentioned double thred is put and it is to twitch the Columella when as much thereof is taken hold of as is unprofitable and so to take it away without any fluxe of blood When you would straiten the thred draw it againe through this iron rod and so straine it as much as you shall thinke good letting the end of the thred hang out of the mouth But every day it must be twitched harder than other untill it fall away by meanes thereof and so the part and patient be restored to health I have deliniated three of these instruments that you may use which you will as occasion shall be offered A Figure of the Speculum oris by which the mouth is held and kept open whilest the Chirurgion is busied in the cutting away or binding the Vvula But if an eating ulcer shall associate this relaxation of the Vvula together with a fluxe of blood then it must be burnt and seared with an hot iron so thrust into a Trunke or Pipe with an hole in it that no sound part of the mouth may be offended therewith A hollow Trunke with a hole in the side with the hot iron inserted or put therein CHAP. VIII Of the Angina or Squinzy THe Squinancy or Squinzy is a swelling of the jawes which hinders the entring of the ambient aire into the weazon and the vapours and spirit from passage forth and the meate also from being swallowed There are three differences thereof The first torments the patient with great paine no swelling being outwardly apparent by reason the morbificke humor lyes hid behinde the almonds or Glandules at the Vertebrae of the necke so that it cannot be perceived unlesse you hold downe the tongue with a spatula or the Speculum oris for so you may see the rednesse and tumor there lying hid The patient cannot draw his breath nor swallow downe meate nor drinke his tongue likes Gray-hounds after a course hangs out of his mouth and he holds his mouth open that so hee may the more easily draw his breath to conclude his voyce is as it were drownd in his jawes and nose he cannot lye upon his backe but lying is forced to fit so to breathe more freely and because the passage is stopt the drinke flyes out at his nose the eyes are fiery and swollen and standing out of their orbe Those which are thus affected are often suddainely suffocated a foame rising about their mouthes The second difference is said to be that in which the tumor appeares inwardly but litle or scarse any thing at all outwardly the tongue Glandules and jawes appearing some what swollen The third being least dangerous of them all causes a great swelling outwardly but litle inwardly The Causes are either internall or externall The externall are a stroake splinter or the like things sticking in the Throat or the excesse of extreme cold or heat The internall causes are a more plentifull defluxion of the humors either from the whole body or the braine which participate of the nature either of blood choler or flegme but seldome of Melancholy The signes by which the kinde and commixture may be knowne have beene declared in the generall treatise of tumors The Squincy is more dangerous by how much the humor is lesse apparent within and without That is lesse dangerous which shewes it selfe outwardly because such an one shuts not up the wayes of the meate nor breath Some dye of a Squincy in twelue houres others in two foure or seven daies Those saith Hippocrates which scape the Squincy the disease passes to the lungs and they dye within seven dayes but if they scape these dayes they are suppurated but also often times this kind of disease is terminated by disappearing that is by an obscure reflux of the humor into some noble part as into the Lungs whence the Empyema proceeds and into other principall parts whose violating brings inevitable death sometimes by resolution otherwise by suppuration The way of Resolution is the more to be desired it happens when the matter is small and that subtle especially if the Physition shall draw blood by opening a veine and the patient use fitting Gargarismes A Criticall Squincy divers times proves deadly by reason of the great falling downe of the humor upon the throtle by which the passage of the breath is sodainely shut up Brothes must be used made with Capons and Veale seasoned with Lettuce Purslaine Sorrell and the cold seeds If the Patient shall be some what weake let him have potched Egges and Barly Creames the Barly being first boiled with Raisons in water and Sugar and other meates of this kinde Let him be forbidden wine in stead where of he may use Hydromelita and Hydrosachara that is drinkes made of water and Hony or water and Sugar as also the Syrupes of dryed Roses of Violets Sorrell and Limons and others of this kinde Let him avoide too much sleepe But in the meane time the Physition must be carefull of all because this disease is of their kinde which brooke no delayes Wherefore let the Basilica be presently opened on that side the tumor is the greater then within a short time after the same day for evacuation of the conjunct matter let the veine under the tongue be opened let cupping-Glasses
downe of the Fundament WHen the muscle called the Sphincter which ingirts the Fundament is relaxed then it comes to passe that it cannot sustaine the right gut This disease is very frequent to Children by reason of the too much humidity of the belly which falling downe upon that muscle mollifieth and relaxeth it or presseth it downe by an unaccustomed weight so that the muscles called Levatores Ani or the lifters up of the Fundament are not sufficient to beare up any longer A great bloudy flux gives occasion to this effect A strong endevour to expell hard excrements the Haemorrhoides which suppressed doe over-loade the right gut but flowing relaxe it Cold as in those which goe without breeches in winter or sit a long time upon a cold stone a stroake or fall upon the Holy-bone a palfie of nerves which goe from the Holy-bone to the Muscles the lifters up of the fundament the weight of the stone being in the bladder That this disease may be healed we must forbid the Patient too much drincking too often eating of broth and from feeding on cold fruits For locall medicines the part must be fomented with an astringent decoction made of the rinds of Pomegranetts galls myrtles knotgrasse sheapheards purse Cypresse nutts Alume and common salt boyled in smiths water or red wine After the fomentation the gut be annointed with oyle of Roses or myrtles and then let it bee gently put by little and little into its place charging the childe if he can understand your meaning to hold his breath When the gut shall be restored the part must bee diligently wiped least the gut fall downe againe by reason of the slipperinesse of the unction Then let the powder prescribed for the falling downe of the wombe be put into the fundament as farre as you can Then you must straitly binde the loynes with a swathe to the middest whereof behinde let another be fastned which may be tied at the Pubes comming along the Perinaeum so to hold up to the fundament the better to containe it in its place a spunge dipt in the astringent decoction The Patient if he be of sufficient age to have care of himselfe shall be wished when hee goes to stoole that he sit upon two peeces of wood being set some inch a sunder least by his strayning hee thrust forth the gut together with the excrement but if he can doe it standing he shall never by strayning thrust forth the gut But if the gut cannot by the prescribed meanes bee restored to its place Hippocrates bids that the Patient hanging by the heeles be shaken for so the gut by that shaking will returne to his place but the same Hippocrates wisheth to annoint the fundament because that remedie having a drying faculty hath also power to resolve the flatulent humors without any acrimony by reason of which the gut was the lesse able to be contained in his place CHAP. XIX Of the Paronychia THe Paronychia or Panaris is a tumor in the ends of the fingers with great inflammation comming of a maligne and venemous humor which from the bones by the Periostium is communicated to the tendons and nerves of that part which it affecteth whereof cruell symptomes doe follow as pulsifique paine a feaver restlessenesse so that the affected through impatiencie of the paine are variously agitated like those tormented with Carbuncles for which cause Guide and Iohannes de Vigo judge this disease to be mortall wherefore you must provide a skilfull Physitian for the cure of this disease which may appoint convenient diet purging and Blood letting In the meane time the Surgeon shall make way for the virulent and venenate matter by making incision in the inner part of the finger even to the bone alongst the first joynt thereof for Vigo saith there is not a presenter remedy if so be that it be quickly done and before the maturation of the matter for it vindicates the finger from the corruption of the bone and nerves and asswages paine which I have often and happily tried immediatly at the beginning before the perfect impression of the viruleacie But the wound being made you must suffer it to bleede well then presently let him dip his finger in strong and warme vinegar in which some treakle being dissolved may draw forth the virulencie But to appease the Paine the same remedies must be applyed to the affected part as are used in Carbuncles as the leaves of Sorrell Henbane Hemlocke Mandrake roasted under the Embers and beaten in a Morter with new Vnguentum Populeon or oyle of Roses or new butter without salt for such like medicines also helpe forward suppuration whilest by their coldnesse they represse the extraneous heat affecting the part and so strengthen the native heate being the author of suppuration which reason moved the ancient Physitians to use such medicines in a Carbuncle but if by reason of the fearefulnesse of the patient or unskilfulnesse of the Surgion no incision being made a Gangren and Sphacel shall possesse the part it remaines that you cut off with your cutting mulletts as much of the part as shall be corrupt and performe the rest of the cure according to Art Yet it doth not seldome happen that there may bee no neede to cut off such a finger because it being corrupted together with the bone doth by little and little dissolve into a purulent or rather sanious and much stincking filth But in this affect there is often caused an Eschar by the adustion of putredinous heat and superfluous flesh indued with most exquisit sence groweth underneath it which must in like manner be cut off with the Mulletts that the part may receive comfort the paine being aswaged by the copious effusion of blood CHAP. XX. Of the swelling of the knees AFter long and dangerous diseases there oftentimes arise Tumors in the knees and also in plethoricke bodies and such as have evill juyce after labours and exercise This kinde of disease is frequent because the humor easily falles into the part which hath beene heated by Labour But if such tumors follow long diseases they are dangerous and difficult to cure and therefore not to bee neglected for bitter paine accompanieth them because the humor falling thither distends the Membranes which being many involve the part besides that this humor participateth of a certaine virulent and maligne quality whether it be cold or hot when it hath setled into those parts being such as wee finde in the paines of the joynts and in the bitings of venemous creatures For the cure if the tumor bee caused by blood let a slender and refrigerating diet be appointed and phlebotomy for the revulsion of the antecedent cause diverse locall medicines shall be used according to the variety of the foure times But for to asswage the paine Anodyne or mitigating medicines shall be appointed of all which wee have sufficiently treated in the Chapter of the cure of a Phlegmon And because
either Or serving the principall as The Weason Lungs gullet Stomacke Gutts Bladder Or neither The Eares Nose Feete Hands and other of the same kinde From their proper essence from whence they are called Simple wounds When there is no complication of any other disease or symptome besides Or compound When there is a complication of some one or more diseases which unlesse they be taken away wee must not hope for to cure the wound From their quantity according to which they are called Great Long Broad Deepe Indifferent Little Short Narrow Super ficiarie From their figure according to which they are named Straight Oblique Cornered CHAP. II. Of the causes of Wounds ALL things which may outwardly assayle the body with force and violence may be counted the causes of wounds which are called greene and properly bloody These things are either animate or inanimate The animate as the bitings and prickings of beasts The Inanimate as the stroake of an arrow sword clubb gunne stone a dagger and all such like things From the variety of such like causes they have divers names for those which are made by sharpe and pricking things are called punctures those caused by cutting things are called wounds or gashes and those which are made by heavy and obtuse things are named Contusions or wounds with Contusions CHAP. III. Of the signes of Wounds WOunds are first knowne by sight and by the signes drawne from thence The Chirurgion ought first and chiefely to consider what wounds are cureable and what not what wounds will scarce admit of cure and what may be easily cured for it is not the part of a prudent Chirurgion to promise cure in a deadly or dangerous and difficult wound Least he may seeme to have killed him whom not the unsufficiencie of the Art but the greatnesse of the wound hath slaine But when the wound is dangerous but yet without despaire of recovery it belongs to him to admonish the Patients friends which are by of the present danger and doubtfull state of the wound that if Art shall be overcome by the greatnesse thereof hee shall not be thought ignorant of the Art neither to have deceived them But as this is the part and duty of a good and prudent Chirurgion so it is the tricke of a cheating and jugling knave to enlarge small wounds that so he may seeme to have done a great cure when it is nothing so But it is agreeable to reason that the Chirurgion professing the disease easie to be cured will thinke himselfe in credit bound by such promises and his duty and therefore seeke all meanes for the quicke recovery of the patient leâ—t that which was of its owne nature small may by his negligence become great Therefore it is expedient he should know what wounds are to be accounted great This as Galen saith is three wayes to be knowne The first is by the magnitude and principallity of the part affected for thus the wounds of the Braine Heart and of the greater vessells though small of themselves yet are thought great Then from the greatnesse of the solution of continuity for which cause wounds may be judged great in which much of the substance of the part is lost in every dimension though the part be one of these which are accounted servile Then from the malignitie through which occasion the wounds of the joynts are accounted great because for the most part they are ill conditioned CHAP. IIII. Of Prognostickes to be made in VVounds THose Wounds are thought dangerous wherein any large Nerve Veine or Artery are hurt From the first there is feare of convulsion but from the other large effusion of the veinous or arterious blood whence the powers are debilitated also these are judged evill which are upon the arme pitts groines leskes joynts and betweene the fingers and likewise those which hurt the head or taile of a Muscle They are least dangerous of all other which wound onely the fleshy substance But they are deadly which are inflicted upon the Bladder Braine Heart Liver Lungs Stomacke and small guts But if any Bone Gristle Nerve or portion of the cheeke or prepuce shall be cut away they cannot bee restored Contused wounds are more difficult to cure than those which are onely from a simple solution of continuity for before you must thinke to heale them up you must suppurate and clense them which cannot be done in a short time Wounds which are round and circular are so much the worse for there can be no unity unlesse by an angle that is a meeting together of two lines which can have no place in round wounds because a circular figure consists of one oblique line Besides wounds are by so much thought the greater by how much their extremes and lipps are the further dis-joyned which happens to round Wounds Contrary to these are cornered wounds or such as are made alongst the fibers as such as may bee easily healed Wounds may be more easily healed in young men than in old because in them nature is more vigorous and there is a greater plenty of fruitefull or good blood by which the losse of the flesh may be the better and more readily restored which is slowlier done in an old body by reason their blood is smaller in quantity and more dry and the strength of nature more languide Wounds received in the Spring are not altogether so difficult to heale as those taken in Winter or Summer For all excesse of heate and cold is hurtfull to them it is ill for a convulsion to happen upon a Wound for it is a signe that some Nervous body is hurt the braine suffering together therewith as that which is the originall of the Nerves A Tumor comming upon great Wounds is good for it shewes the force of nature is able to expell that which is harmefull and to ease the wounded part The organicall parts wholly cut off cannot againe be united because a vitall part once severed and plucked from the trunke of the body cannot any more receive influence from the heart as from a roote without which there can bee no life The loosed continuity of the Nerves Veines Arteries and also the bones is sometimes restored not truely and as they say according to the first intention but by the second that is by reposition of the like but not of the same substance The first intention takes place in the fleshie parts by converting the Alimentary bloud into the proper substance of the wounded part But the second in the spermatique parts in which the lost substance may be repaired by interposition of some heterogeneous body which nature diligent for its owne preservation substitutes in place of that which is lost for thus the body which restores and agglutinats is no bone but a Callus whose originall matter is from an humor somewhat grosser than that from whence the bones have their originall and beginning This humor when it
its endeavours with suppurating Medicines CHAP. IX Of Convulsion by reason of a wound A Convulsion is an unvoluntary contraction of the Muscles as of parts moveable at our pleasure towards their originall that is the Braine and Spinall Marrow for by this the Convulsed member or the wholle body if the Convulsion be universall cannot be moved at our pleasure Yet motion is not lost in a Convulsion as it is in a Palsie but it is onely depraved and because sometimes the Convulsion possesseth the whole body otherwhiles some part thereof you must note that there are three kinds of Convulsions in Generall The first is called by the Greekes Tetanos when as the whole body growes stiffe like a stake that it cannot be moved any way The second is called Opisthotanos which is when as the whole body is drawn backwards The third is termed Emprosthotonos which is when the whole body is bended or crooked forwards A particular Convulsion is when as the Muscle of the Eye Tongue and the like parts which is furnished with a Nerve is taken with a Convulsion Repletion or Inanition Sympathy or consent of paine cause a Convulsion Abundance of humours cause Repletion dulling the body by immoderate eating and drinking and omission of exercise or any accustomed evacuation as suppression of the Hemorrhoids and Courses for hence are such like excrementions humours drawne into the Nerves with which they being replete and filled are dilated more than is fit whence necessarily becoming more short they suffer Convulsion Examples whereof appeare in Leather and Lute or Viol-strings which swolne with moysture in a wet season are broken by repletion Immoderate vomitings fluxes bleedings cause Inanition or Emptinesse wherefore a Convulsion caused by a wound is deadly as also by burning feavers For by these and the like causes the inbred and primigeneous humidity of the Nerves is wasted so that they are contracted like leather which is shrunke up by being held too neere the fire or as fidle strings which dryed with Summers heat are broken with violence such a Convulsion is incurable For it is better a Feaver follow a Convulsion than a Convulsion a Feaver as we are taught by Hippocrates so that such a Feaver bee proportionall to the strength of the convulsifique cause and the Convulsion proceede from Repletion for the abundant and grosse humour causing the Convulsion is digested and wasted by the feaverish heat The causes of a Convulsion by reason of paine are either the puncture of a Nerve whether it be by a thing animall as by the biting of a venemous beast or by a thing inanimate as by the prick of a needle thorne or pen-knife or great and piercing cold which is hurtfull to the wounds principally of the nervous parts whereby it comes to passe that by causing great and bitter paine in the nerves they are contracted towards their originall that is the Braine as if they would crave succour from their parents in their distressed estate Besides also an ill vapour carried to the braine from some putrefaction so vellicateth it that contracting it selfe it also contracteth together with it all the Nerues and Muscles as we see it happeneth in those which have the falling sicknesse By which it appeares that not onely the braine itselfe suffereth together with the Nerves but also the Nerves with the Braine The signes of a Convulsion are difficult painefull and depraved motions either of some part or of the whole body turning aside of the Eyes and whole Face a Contraction of the Lippes a drawing in of the Cheekes as if one laughed and an Vniversall sweat CHAP. X. The cure of a Convulsion THe cure of a Convulsion is to bee varied according to the variety of the Convulsive cause for that which proceeds from Repletion must be other-wise cured than that which is caused by Inanition and that which proceeds of paine otherwise than eyther of them For that which is caused by Repletion is cured by discussing and evacuating Medicines as by diet conveniently appointed by purging bleeding digestive locall Medicines exercise frictions sulphurious Baths and other things appointed by the prescription of some learned Physition which shall oversee the cure which may consume the superfluous and excrementitious humours that possesse the substance of the Nerves and habit of the body The locall remedies are Oyles Vnguents and Liniments with which the Neck Back-bone and all the contracted parts shall be annointed The Oyles are the Oyle of Foxes Bayes Camomill Wormes Turpentine of Costus of Castorcum The Oyntments are Vnguentum Arragon Agrippae de Althaea Martiatum This may be the forme of a Liniment ℞ Olei Chamaem Laurin ana ℥ ij Olei Vulp ℥ j. Vnguenti de Althaea Marti an ℥ ss Axungiae vulpis ℥ j. Aquae vitae ℥ j. ss Cerae quantum sufficit Make a Liniment for your use or ℞ Olei Lumbric de Spica de Castoreo ana ℥ iij. Axng. hum ℥ j. Sulphuris vivi ℥ ss Cerae quantū sufficit Make a Liniment or ℞ Vnguenti Martiati Agrip. an ℥ iij. Olei de Terebinth ℥ j. ss Olei Salvia ℥ ss Aquae vitae ℥ j. Cerae ℥ j. ss fiat linimentum But this disease is cured by slender diet and sweating with the Decoctions of Guiacum because by these remedies the grosse tough and viscide excrements which are in fault are digested A Convulsion proceeding of Inanition is to be cured by the use of those things which doe wholesomly and moderately nourish And therefore you must prescribe a diet consisting of meats full of good nourishment as broaths and cullices of Capons Pigeons Veale and Mutton boyling therein Violet and Mallow leaves Conserves must be ordained which may strengthen the debilitated powers and humect the habit of the body such as are the Conserves of Buglosse Violets Borage and water Lillies The following broath will be profitable ℞ Lactucae Buglos portul ana M. j. quatuor seminum frigid major an ℥ ss seminis Barberis ʒ j. Let them al be boiled with a Chicken and let him take the broath every morning If thirst oppresse him the following Iulep will be good ℞ Aquae rosar ℥ iv Aquae viol lb. ss Saccari albissimi ℥ vj. fiat Iuiep utatur in siti If the patient be bound in his body emollient and humecting Clysters shall bee appointed made of the decoction of a sheeps head and feet Mallowes Marsh Mallowes Pellitory of the wall Violet leaves and other things of the like faculty or that the remedy may be more ready and quickly made let the Clysters be of Oyle and Milke Topick remedies shall be Liniments and Bathes Let this be the example of a Liniment ℞ Olei Viol. Amygdal dulc ana ℥ ij Olei Lilior Lumbric ana ℥ j. Axungiae porci recentis ℥ iij. Cerae novae quantum sufficit fiat Linimentum with which let the whole spine and part affected be annointed This shall
Table of the differences of a fractured Scull The differences of fractures common to these of all other parts are drawne either from Their nature according to which fractures are cald Simple as when they are found solitary and by themselves Compound and that either Mutually with themselves as a contusion or collision with incision a fissure with an effracture Or with other symptomes as swelling paine heat bleeding convulsion and the like Their Quantity whence they are called great indifferent and small according to the triple dimension of length breadth and profunditie Their figure from whence they are called Right Oblique Transverse Round Triangular Their site whence they are termed on the fore or backe or the right or left or the upper or lower part or superficiary and profound The part whence it is called a Fracture of the Forehead Nowle Bregma and Stony bones and hence it is judged what may bee deadly or hopefull of recovery easie or difficult to cure CHAP. II. Of the causes and signes of a broken Scull THe causes of a broken Scull are externall as a fall a blow or stroake with any kind of weapon sharpe obtuse heavy hard the bitings of Beasts and many other things of the like kind But the signes by which we come to know that the Scull is broken are of two kinds for some of them are found out by the reasoning and discourse of the mind other by the sense as those which lay open the wound to the eye and hand The Rationall signes shew by these things which have happened upon the thing it selfe whether it be and of what sort it is For you may know the Scull is broken if the patient shall fall down with the stroake or if he shall fall headlong from a high place upon some hard thing If for some time after the stroake he shal lie without speaking sight and hearing if he shall have felt and feele much paine so that he is often forced to put his hand to the wound But also the weapon is to be considered that is whether it be heavy obtuse pricking or sharpe Also we must consider with what how great strength the stroake was given and with how great anger and from what distance the weapon fell Also he must consider whether the patient receaved the blow with his head unarmed and naked whether he fell into a sowne presently after the blow whether when he came to himselfe he was in his right senses whether his eies were blinded whether he was troubled with a giddines or dizines and whether he bled at the nose mouth eares or eyes and lastly whether he vomited For Hippocrates writes that those who have their braine cut must necessarily have a feaver and vomiting of choler to ensue thereupon which Galen confirming in his Commentary saith that the same happens also when the wound comes to the Membranes of the braine Also a dull sound as from a broken vessell comming from the skull the hairy sealpe and Pericranium being taken off and it being lightly smitten upon with an Iron probe is sayd to be a signe of a fracture thereof as it is recorded by Paulns Aegineta Truely all these signes make a great conjecture or rather assurednesse that the skull is wounded and the braine hurt as which cannot happen unlesse the bone be broken as Celsus hath written Yet many have had their sculles broken who had no such signe immediatly after the blow but this is very seldome But I doe not thinke fit amongst so many signes here to omit that which is set downe by Guido If any faith he will know in what place the scull is broke let the patient hold fast betweene his foreteenth one end of a lute string or thread and the Chirurgion hold the other in his hand then let him lightly touch or play upon the string with his fingers for in the very instant of the sound or stroke the patient will bee certainely admonished or perfectly perceive the part of the scull that is broken and as orecome and forest by this sence of paine will by lifting up his hand make demonstration thereof As yet I have not beeneable to finde the truth hereof by experience although I have made triall of it in many Wherefore I cannot say any thing certainely of this signe as neither of that which is mentioned by Hippocrates in Coais Pras In such as you doubt whether the bones of the scull be broken or not you must judge by giving them the stalke of Asphodill to chaw on both sides of their jawes but so that you bid them withall observe whether they perceive any bone to crackle or make a noyse in their heades for these which are broken seeme to make a noyse But passing over these things now let us come to these signes which may be obvious to our senses CHAP. III. Of the signes of a broken skull which are manifest to our sense THese signes are here sayd to be manifest to sense which when the bone is bared manifest the wound to our eyes fingers and probe But if the haires stand upon one end in the wound you may know the bone is broke because the haire which yeelds to the violence of the blow cannot be so cut the bone which resists the stroake being not violated as it is observed by Hippocrates wherefore we may by the sight of this one thing before any inspection of the wound it selfe suspect by a probable conjecture that the Scull is broken and perswade the beholders or standers by so much Moreover we may before we have cut the skinne acrosse or baid lare the bone give a guesse by our feeling whether the scull be broken or no if wee by pressing downe our fingers neere the wound shall perceive the bone either to stand up or be pressed downe otherwise than it should naturally be The skinne being cut crossewise and the bone laid bare if the fracture be not obvious to the eye you must trye with your probe which must neither be too thinne nor to sharpe least by falling into some naturall cranyes it may cause us to suspect without any cause that the bone is broken neither let it betoo thick lest the little clifts may deceive you If when your probe comes to the bone it meetes with nothing but that which is smooth and slippery it is a signe that it is whole But on the contrary if you finde it any thing rough specially where there is no suture it shewes the bone is broken But let the Chirurgion consider that the fractures are not seldome upon the futures and that the futures have not alwayes one and their naturall site as also it often comes to passe that the broken clefte or cut bone can neither be perceived by your sight nor instrument wherefore if you thinke there is any such thing by the rationall signes above mentioned annointe the place with writing Incke and oyle and so you shall find the
other names not onely drawne from their figure and making but also from the effects of their cruelty Wherefore certainly I cannot sufficiently admire the wisedome of our Ancestors who have so rightly accommodated them with names agreeable to their natures as those who have not onely taken them from the swiftest birds of prey as Falcons but also from things most harmefull and hatefull to mankinde such as Serpents Snakes and Basilisks That so wee might clearely discerne that these engines were made for no other purpose nor with other intent but onely to be imployed for the speedy and cruell slaughter of men and that by onely hearing them named we might detest and abhorre them as pernicious enemies of our lives I let passe other engines of this ofspring being for their quantitie small but so much the more pernicious and harmefull for that they nearer assaile our lives and may trayterously and forthwith seaze upon us not thinking nor fearing any such thing so that we can scarse have any meanes of escape such are Pistolls and other small hand-guns which for shortnesse you may carry in your pocket and so privily and suddainly taking them forth oppresse the carelesse and secure Fowling peices which men usually carry upon their shoulders are of the middle ranke of these engines as also Muskets and Caleevers which you cannot well discharge unlesse lying upon a Rest which therefore may be called Breast-guns for that they are not laid to the cheeke but against the Breast by reason of their weight and shortnesse All which have beene invented for the commodity of footemen and light horsemen This middle sort of engine we call in Latine by a generall name Sclopus in imitation of the sound and the Italians who terme it Sclopetere the French call it Harquebuse a word likewise borrowed from the Italians by reason of the touch-hole by which you give fire to the peice for the Italians call a hole Buzio It is tearmed Arcus i a Bow for that at this present it holds the same place in martiall affaires as the Bow did of old and as the Archers formerly so at this day the Musquetiers are placed in front From the same wretched shoppe and magazine of cruelty are all sorts of Mines Countermines pots of fire traines fiery Arrowes Lances Crossebowes barrells balls of fire burning faggots Granats and all such fiery engines and Inventions which closely stuffed with fewell and matter for fire and cast by the defendants upon the bodies and Tents of the assailants easily take fire by the violence of their motion Certainely a most miserable and pernicious kinde of invention whereby we often see a thousand of heedelesse men blowne up with a mine by the force of gunpouder otherwhiles in the very heate of the conflict you may see the stoutest souldiers seazed upon with some of these fiery Engines to burne in their harnesse no waters being sufficiently powerfull to restraine and quench the raging and wasting violence of such fire cruelly spreading over the body and bowells So it was not sufficient to have armes Iron and fire to mans destruction unlesse also that the stroake might be more speedy we had furnished them as it were with wings so to fly more hastily to our owne perdition furnishing sithe-bearing death with wings so more speedily to oppresse man for whose preservation all things conteined in the world were created by God Verily when I consider with my selfe all the sorts of warlike Engines which the ancients used whether in the field in set battells as Bowes Darts Crosse-bowes Slings or in the assault of Citties and shaking or overturning their walls as Rammes Horses woodden towres slings and such like they seeme to me certaine childish sports and games made onely in imitation of the former For these moderne inventions are such as easily exceede all the best appointed and cruell Engines which can bee mentioned or thought upon in the shape cruelty and appearance of their operations For what in the world is thought more horrid or fearefull than thunder and lightning and yet the hurtfulnesse of thunder is almost nothing to the cruelty of these infernall Engines which may easily appeare by comparing together both their effects Man alone of all creatures is not alwayes killed by being touched with thunder but it immediatly killeth all other things which are subject to bee toucht therewith Nature bestowing this honour upon him seeing so many creatures exceede him in strength For all things ly contrary to man and man unlesse hee bee overthrowne with it doth not dye thereof But these fire-spitting Engines doe no more spare man than they doe other creatures and kill without difference from whence soever they come whither soever they are carried and howsoever they touch There are many but more are said to be the remedies against thunder for beside the charmes whereby the ancient Romans did suppose they might be driven away they never penetrate deeper into ground than five foote therefore such as were fearefull thought the deeper Caves most safe Of those things which grow out of the earth they doe not touch the Bay tree and that was the cause that it was counted a signe of victory both in ancient and moderne times Wherefore Tiberius Caesar otherwise a contemner of God and religion as hee who indued with the Mathematicall sciences thought all things governed by fate yet because hee exceedingly feared thunder hee alwayes carried a Lawrell wreath about his necke when the aire was troubled for that this kind of leafe is reported not to be touched by thunder Some report that he made him tents or Seales skinnes because it toucheth not this kinde of creature of all these things that live in the Sea as neither the Eagle amongst birds which for that is fained to be Ioves squire But on the contrary charmes the victorious Bay the Seale or Sea-calfe the Eagle or any such thing profits nothing against the violence of these fiery Engines no not a wall of tenne foote thicke will advantage Lastly this argues the immense violence of brasen Cannons above thunder for that thunder may be dispersed and driven away with the noyse and ringing of Bells the sounding of Trumpets the tinkling of brasen kettles yea also by the shooting of such great Ordinance to wit the clouds by whose collision and fight the Thunder is caused being dispersed by this violent agitation of the ayre or else driven further to more remote parts of the skies But their fury once provoked is stayed by no opposition appeased by no remedy As there are certaine seasons of the yeare so also there are certaine Regions of the earth wherein Thunder is seldome or never heard Thunders are rare in Winter and Summer and that for contrary causes for that in Winter the dense aire is thickned with a thicker coate of clouds and the frosty and cold exhalation of the earth extinguisheth what fiery vapours soever it receives which thing keepes Scythia and the cold
times of the disease the beginning encrease state and declination for each of these foure require their remedies Others are taken from the temperament of the patient so that no Chirurgion neede doubt that some medicines are fit for cholericke othersome for phlegmaticke bodyes Hither referre the indication taken from the age of the patient also it is drawn from his dyet for no man must prescribe any slender diet to one who is alwayes feeding as to him who is accustomed to cate but once or twise a day Hence it is that a dyet consisting onely of Panada's is more fit for Italians than for French men for we must give somewhat to custome which is as it were another nature Vocations and dayly exercises are referred to dyet for other things besit husband men and laboures whose flesh is dense and skin hardened by much labour than idle and delicate persons But of all other have diligent regard of that indication which is drawne from the strength of the patient for we must presently all else being neglected succour the fainting or decaying strength wherefore if it be needfull to cut off a member that is putrified the operation must bee deferred if the strength of the patient be so dejected that hee cannot have it performed without manifest danger of his life Also indication may be drawne from the encompassing ayre under which also is comprehended that which is taken from the season of the yeere region the state of the ayre and soyle and the particular condition of the present and lately by-past time Hence it is we reade in Guido that wounds of the head are cured with farre more difficulty at Paris than at Avignion where notwithstanding on the contrary the wounds of the legges are cured with more trouble than at Paris The cause is the ayre is cold and moyst at Paris which constitution seeing it is hurtfull to the braine and head it cannot but must be offensive to the wounds of these parts But the heate of the ambient ayre at Avignion attenuates and dissolves the humors and makes them flow from above downewards But if any object that experience contradicts this opinion of Guide say that wounds of the head are more frequently deadly in hot countries let him understand that this must not be attributed to the manifest naturall heate of the ayre but to a certaine maligne venenate humor or vapour dispersed through the ayre and raysed out of the Seas as you may easily observe in those places of France Italy which border upon the Mediterranean Sea An indication may also be drawne from the peculiar temper of the wounded parts for the musculous parts must be dressed after one and the bony parts after another manner The different sense of the parts indicates and requires the like variety of remedies for you shall not apply so acride medicines to the Nerves and Tendons as to the ligaments which are destitute of sense The like reason also for the dignity and function of the parts needefull for the preservation of life for oft times wounds of the braine or of some other of the naturall and vitall parts for this very reason that they are defixed in these parts divert the whole manner of the cure which is usually and generally performed in wounds Neither that without good cause for oft times from the condition of the parts we may certainely pronounce the whole successe of the disease for wounds which penetrate into the ventricles of the braine into the heart the large vessells the chest the nervous part of the midriffe the Liver ventricle small guts bladder if somewhat large are deadly as also these which light upon a joynt in a body repleate with ill humors as we have formerly noted Neither must you neglect that indication which is drawne from the situation of the part and the commerce it hath with the adjacent parts or from the figure thereof seeing that Galen himselfe would not have it neglected But wee must consider in taking these forementioned Indications whether there bee a composition or complication of the diseases for as there is one and that a simple indication of one that a simple disease so must the indication be various of a compound and complicate disease But there is observed to be a triple composition or complication of affects besides nature for either a disease is compounded with a disease as a wound or a phlegmon with a fracture of a bone or a disease with a cause as an ulcer with a defluxion or a disease with a symptome as a wound with paine or bleeding It sometimes comes to passe that these three the disease cause and symprome concurre in one case or affect In artificially handling of which we must follow Galens counsell who wishes in complicated and compounded affects that we resist the more urgent then let us withstand the cause of the disease and lastly that affect without which the rest cannot be cured Which counsell must well be observed for in this composure of affects which distracts the Empericke But on the contrary the rationall Physition hath a way prescribed in a few and these excellent words which if hee follow in his order of cure hee can scarse misse to heale the patient Symptomes truely as they are symptomes yeeld no indication of curing neither change the order of the cure for when the disease is healed the symptome vanishes as that which followes the disease as a shadow followes the body But symptomes doe often times so urge and presse that perverting the whole order of the cure we are forced to resist them in the first place as those which would otherwise encrease the disease Now all the formerly mentioned indications may be drawne to two heads the first is to restore the part to its native temper the other is that the blood offend not either in quantity or quality for when those two are present there is nothing which may hinder the repletion nor union of wounds or Vlcers CHAP. IX What remaines for the Chirurgion to doe in this kinde of wounds THe Chirurgion must first of all be skilfull and labour to asswage paine hinder defluxions prescribe a dyet in these sixe things we call Not naturall forbidding the use of hot and acrid things as also of wine for such attenuate the humors and make them more apt for defluxion Therefore at the first let his dyet be slender that so the course of the humors may bee diverted from the affected part for the stomacke being empty and not well filled drawes from the parts about it whereby it consequently followes that the utmost and remotest parts are at the length evacuated which is the cause that such as are wounded must keepe so spare a dyet for the next dayes following Venery is very pernitious for that it inflames the spirits and humors farre beyond other motions whereby it happens that the humors waxing hot are too plentifully carryed to the wounded
Saffron In the yeare 1538. There was at Turin whilest I was Chirurgion there to the Marshall of Montjan the Kings Leifetenant Generall in Piemont a certaine Chirurgion wondrous famous for curing these wounds and yet hee used nothing else but the oyle of Whelpes the description whereof I at length obtained of him with much intreaty and expence and hee used it not scalding hot as some have imagined but powred it scarse warme into their wounds and so did mitigate their paine and happily bring them to suppuration Which afterwards almost all Chirurgions after they had got the description heereof when I first published this Worke have used and daily doe use with happy successe But in contemning and condemning Aegyptiacum I thinke hee hath no partaker seeing there as yet hath beene found no medicine more speedy and powerfull to hinder putrifaction if beginning or correct it if present Now these wounds often degenerate into virulent eating spreading and maligne ulcers which cast forth a stincking and carion-like filth whence the part Gangrenates unlesse you withstand them with Aegyptiacum and other acrid medicines being greatly approved by the formerly named Physitions and all Chirurgions But saith hee this unguent is poysonous and therefore hath beene the death of many who have beene wounded by Gunshot Verily if any diligently enquire into the composition of this oyntment and consider the nature of all and every the ingredients thereof hee shall understand that this kind of Vnguent is so farre from poyson that on the contrary it directly opposes and resists all poyson and putrifaction which may happen to a fleshy part through occasion of any wound It is most false and dissonant from the doctrine of Hippocrates to affirme that the seasons of the yeare swerving from the Law of nature and the aire not truly the simple and elementary but that which is defiled and polluted by the various mixture of putrid and pestilent vapours eyther raised from the earth or sent from above make not wounds more maligne and hard to cure at some times than they are at othersome For the ayre eyther very hot or cold drawne into the body by inspiration or transpiration generates a condition in us like its qualities Therefore why may it not when defiled with the putredinous vapours of bodies lying unburied after great battailes and shipwracks of great Armadoes infect with the like qualitie our bodies and wounds In the yeare 1562. when the civill warres concerning Religion first begun in France at Pene a Castle lying upon the River Lot many slaine bodies were cast into a Well some hundred Cubits deepe so stinking and pestilent a vapour arose from hence some two moneths after that many thousand of people dyed all over the Provence of Agenois as if the Plague had beene amongst them the pernitious contagion being spred twenty miles in compasse which none ought to thinke strange especially seeing the putride exhalations by the force of the windes may be driven and carried into divers and most remote regions dispersed like the seeds of the Pestilence whence proceeds a deadly corruption of the spirits humors and wounds not to be attributed to the proper malignitie or perverse cure of wounds but to be the fault of the aire Therefore Francis Daleschampe in his French Chirurgery in reckoning up these things which hinder the healing of Vlcers hath not omitted that common cause which proceeds from the ayre defiled or tainted with the seedes of the pestilence For he had learnt from his Master Hippocrates that the mutations of times chiefely bring diseases and he had read in Guide that this was the chiefe occasion that wounds of the head at Paris and of the legges at Avignion were more difficultly healed Lastly even Barbers and such as have least skill in Chirurgery know that wounds easily turne into a Gangreene in hot and moyst constitutions of the ayre Wherefore when the winde is southerly the Butchers will kill no more flesh than to serve them for one day I have formerly declared the malignity of the wounds occasioned by the ayre in the seige of Roüen which spared none no not the Princes of the blood who had all things which were requisite for their health Which caused me made at length more skilfull by experience to use Vnguentum Aegyptiacum and medicines of the like faculty in steed of suppuratives to wounds during all that season that so I might withstand the putrefaction and Gangreene which so commonly assayled them But if the various motion of the starres can by their influxe send a Plague into the aire why then may it not by depravation of their qualityes infect and as by poysoning corrupt both wounds and wounded bodies obnoxious to their changes and that of the ayre Wee learnt long since by experience that all paines but principally of wounds grow worse in a rainy and moist season specially because in that southerly constitution the aire replete with thicke and foggy vapours causes the humors to abound in the body which forthwith easily fall upon the affected parts and cause encrease of paine But saith our Adversary in the battell at Dreux and at S. Dennis which were fought in winter there dyed a great number of men who were wounded by Gunshot This I confesse is true but yet I deny that it was occasioned by applying suppuratives or corrosives but rather by the vehemencie and largenesse of their wounds and the spoile the Bullet made in their members but above all by reason of the cold For cold is most hurtfull to wounds and ulcers as Hippocrates testifies it hardens the skinne and causes a Gangreene If this my Gentleman had beene with mee in the seige of Metz he might have seene the Legges of many souldiers to have rotted and presently taken with a Gangreene to have fallne away by the onely extremitie of cold If he will not beleeve me let him make tryall himselfe and goe in winter to the Chappell at Mount Senis one of the Alpine hills where the bodies of such as were frozen to death in passing that way are buried and hee shall learne and feele how true I speake In the meane time I thinke it fit to confute the last point of his reprehension He cavills for that I compared Thunder and Lightning with the discharging peices of Ordinance Frst he cannot denie but that they are alike in effects For it is certaine that the flame arising from Gunpouder set on fire resembles Lightning in this also that you may see it before you heare the cracke or reporr I judge for that the eye almost in a moment perceives its object but the eare cannot but in some certaine space of time and by distinct gradations But the rumbling noise is like in both and certainly the report of great Ordinance may bee heard sometimes at forty miles distance whilst they make any great battry in the beseiging of Citties Besides also Iron Bullets cast forth with incredible celerity
those Sepulchers and Vaultes from whence these bodyes are taken there have beene some corpes of two thousand yeeres old The same or their broken members are brought to Venice from Syria and Egypt and thence disperst over all Christendom But according to the different condition of men the matter of their embalments were divers for the bodyes of the Nobility or Gentry are embalmed with Myrrhe Aloes Saffron and other precious spices and Drugs but the bodyes of the common sort whose poverty and want of meanes could not undergoe such cost were embalmed with asphaltum or piss asphaltum Now Mathiolus saith that all the Mummie which is brought into these parts is of this last kinde and condition For the Noble men and cheefe of the province so religiously addicted to the monuments of their ancestors would never suffer the bodyes of their friends and kindred to be transported hither for filthy gaine and such detested use as we shall shew more at large at the end of this worke Which thing sometimes mooved certaine of our French Apothecaries men wonderous audacious and covetous to steale by night the bodyes of such as were hanged and embalming them with salt and Drugges they dryed them in an Oven so to sell them thus adulterated in steed of true Mummie Wherefore wee are thus compelled both foolishly and cruelly to devoure the mangied and putride particles of the carcasses of the basest people of Egypt or of such as are hanged as though there were no other way to helpe or recover one bruised with a fall from a high place than to bury man by an horrid insertion in their that is in mans guts Now if this Drugge were any way powerfull for that they require they might perhaps have some pretence for this their more than barbarous inhumanity But the case stands thus that this wieked kinde of Drugge doth nothing helpe the diseased in that case wherefore and wherein it is administred as I have tryed an hundred times and as Thevet witnesses he tryed in himselfe when as hee tooke some thereof by the advice of a certaine Iewish Physition in Egypt from whence it is brought but it also inferres many troublesome symptomes as the paine of the heart or stomacke vomiting and stinke of the mouth I perswaded by these reasons doe not onely my selfe prescribe any hereof to my patients but also in consultations endeavour what I may that it bee not prescribed by others It is farre better according to Galens opinion in Method med to drinke some oxycrate which by its frigidity restraines the flowing blood and by its tenuity of substance dissolves and discusses the congealed clotts thereof Many reasons of learned Physitions from whom I have learned this history of Mummie drawne from Philosophy whereby they make it apparant that there can be no use of this or that Mummie in contusions or against flowing or congeased blood I willingly omit for that I thinke it not much beneficiall to Chirurgions to insert them heere Wherefore I judge it better to beginne to treate of Combustions or Burnes CHAP. VIII Of Combustions and their differences ALL Combustions whether occasioned by Gun-powder or by scalding oyle water some mettall or what things soever else differ onely in magnitude These first cause paine in the part and imprint in it an unnaturall heate Which savouring of the fire leaves that impression which the Greekes call Empyreuma There are more or lesse signes of this impression according to the efficacie of the thing burning the condition of the part burned and stay upon the same If the Combustion be superficiary the skin rises into pustles and blisters unlesse it be speedily prevented If it below or deepe in it is covered with an Eschar or crust the burnt flesh by the force of the fire turning into that crusty hardnesse The burning force of the fire upon whatsoever part it falls leaves a hot distemper therein condensates contracts and thickens the skinne whence paine proceedes from paine there comes an attraction of humors from the adjacent and remote parts These humors presently turned into watrish or serous moysture whilest they seeke to passe forth and are hindred thereof by the skinne condensated by the action of the fire they lift it up higher and rayse the blisters which we see Hence diverse Indications are drawne whence proceedes the variety of medicines for burnes For some take away the Empyreuma that is the heate of the fire as we terme it and asswage the paine other hinder the rising of blisters othersome are fit to cure the ulcer first to procure the falling away of the Eschar then to clense generate flesh and cicatrize it Remedyes fit to asswage paine and take away the fiery heate are of two kindes for some doe it by a cooling faculty by which they extinguish the preternaturall heate and represse or keepe backe the blood and humors which flow into the parts by reason of heat paine Others endued with contrary faculties are hot and attractive as which by relaxing the skin and opening the pores resolve and dissipate the serous humors which yeeld both beginning and matter to the pustles and so by accident asswage the paine and heat Refrigerating things are cold water the water of Plantaine Night-shade Henbane Hemlocke the juyces of cooling hearbes as Purselaine Lettuce Plantaine Housleeke Poppye Mandrake and the like Of these some may be compounded as some of the fore-named juyces beaten with the white of an egge Clay beaten and dissolved in strong Venegar roch Alome dissolved in water with the whites of egges beaten therein writing inke mixed with Venegar and a little Camphire Vnguentum nutritum and also Populeon newly made These and the like shall be now and then renewed chiefely at the first untill the heate and paine be gone But these same remedyes must be applyed warme for if they should be layd or put to cold they would cause paine and consequently defluxion besides also their strength could not passe or enter into the part or be brought into action but so applyed they asswage paine hinder inflammation and the rising of blisters CHAP. IX Of hot and attractive medicines to be applyed to burnes AMongst the hot and attractive things which by rarifying drawing out and dissolving asswage the paine and heate of combustions the fire challenges the first place especially when the burning is but small For the very common people know and finde by dayly experience that the heate of the lightly burnt part vanishes away and the paine is asswaged if they hold the part which is burnt some prety while to the heate of a lighted candle or burning coales for the similitude causeth attraction Thus the externall fire whilest it drawes forth the fire which is internall and inust into the part is a remedy against the disease it caused and bred It is also an easily made and approved remedie if they presently after the burne apply to the grieved part raw Onions
be performed by detergent and sarcoticke medicines adding to the former oyntments mettalline pouders when the present necessitie shall seeme so to requre But wee cannot justly say in what proportion and quantity each of these may be mixed by reason of that variety which is in the temper and consistence of bodyes and the stubbornesse and gentlenesse of diseases After a burne the scarre which remaineth is commonly rough unequall and ill favoured therefore wee will tell you in our treatise of the plague how it must be smoothed and made even I must not here omit to tell you that Gunpowder set on fire doth often so penetrate into the flesh not ulcerating nor taking off the skinne and so insinuate and throughly fasten it selfe into the flesh by its tenuity that it cannot be taken or drawne out thence by any remedyes no not by Phoenigmes nor vesicatoryes nor scarification nor ventoses nor hornes so that the prints thereof alwayes remaine no other-wise than the markes which the Barbarians burne in their slaves which cannot afterwards be taken away or destroyed by any Art CHAP. X. Of a Gangreene and Mortification CErtainely the maligne symptomes which happen upon wounds and the solutions of Continuity are many caused either by the ignorance or negligence of the Chirurgion or by the Patient or such as are about him or by the malignity and violence of the disease but there can happen no greater than a Gangreene as that which may cause the mortification and death of the part and oft times of the whole body wherefore I have thought good in this place to treate of a Gangreene first giving you the definition then shewing you the causes signes prognostickes lastly the manner of cure Now a Gangreene is a certaine disposition and way to the mortification of the part which it seaseth upon dying by little and little For when there is a perfect mortification it is called by the Greekes Sphacelos by the Latines Syderatio our countrymen terme it the fire of Saint Anthony or Saint Marcellus CHAP. XI Of the generall and particular causes of a Gangreene THe most generall cause of a Gangreene is when by the dissolution of the harmony and joynt temper of the foure first qualities the part is made unapt to receive the faculties the Naturall Vitall and Animall spirits by which it is nourished lives feeles and mooves For a part deprived by any chance of these as of the light languishes and presently dyes Now the particular causes are many and these either primitive or antecedent The primitive or externall are combustions caused by things either actually or potentially burning actually as by fire scalding oyle or water gunpowder fired and the like But potentially by acride medicines as Sublimate vitrioll potentiall cauteries and other things of the same nature for all these cause a great inflmmation in the part But the ambient ayre may cause great refrigerations and also a Gangreene which caused Hippocrates lib. de Aer to call great refrigerations of the braine Sphacelisme Therefore the unadvised and unfit application of cold and narcoticke things a fracture luxation and great confusion too strait bandages the biting of beasts especially of such as are venemous a puncture of the Nerves and Tendons the wounds of the nervous parts and joynts especially in bodyes which are plethorike and repleate with ill humors great wounds whereby the vessels which carry life are much cut whence an aneurisma and lastly many other causes which perturbe that harmony of the foure prime qualities which we formerly mentioned and so inferre a Gangreene CHAP. XII Of the Antecedent causes of a Gangreene NOw the antecedent or internall and corporeall causes of a Gangreene are plentifull and abundant defluxions of humors hot or cold falling into any part For seeing the faculty of the part is unapt and unable to sustaine and governe such plenty of humors it comes to passe that the native heate of the part is suffocated and extinct for want of transpiration For the Arteries are hereby so shut or pent up in a strait that they cannot performe their motions of contraction and dilatation by which their native heate is preserved and tempered But then the Gangreene is chiefely uncureable when the influxe of humours first takes hold of the bones and inflammation hath its beginning from them For in the opinion of Galen all these kind of affects which may befall the flesh are also incident to the bones Neyther onely a Phlegmon or inflammation but also a rottennesse and corruption doth oft times first invade and beginne at the bones for thus you may see many who are troubled with the Leprosie and French disease to have their skinne and flesh whole and faire to looke on whose bones notwithstanding are corrupt and rotten and oft times are much decayed in their proper substance This mischiefe is caused by a venemous matter whose occult quality wee can scarse expresse by any other name than poyson inwardly generated Oft times also there is a certaine acrid and stinking filth generated in flesh with a maligne and old ulcer with which if the bones chance to bee moystned they become foule and at length mortified of which this saying of Hippocrates is extant Vlcers of a yeares continuance or longer must necessarily foule the bone and make the scarres hollow Whither also belongs this saying of the same party An Erysipelas is ill in the laying bare of a bone But this flowing venenate and gangrenous matter is somewhiles hot as in pestilent Carbuncles which in the space of foure and twenty houres by causing an escharre bring the part to mortification otherwhiles cold as wee see it divers times happens in parts which are possest with a Gangreene no paine tumor blacknesse nor any other precedent signe of a Gangreene going before For Iohn de Vigo saith that happened to a certaine gentlewoman of Genoa under his cure I remember the same happened to a certaine man in Paris who supping merrily and without any sense of paine went to bed and suddainly on the night time a Gangreene seazed on both his legges caused a mortification without tumor without inflammation onely his legges were in some places spred over with livid blacke and greene spots the rest of the substance retaining his native colour yet the sence of these parts was quite dead they felt cold to the touch and if you thrust your lancet into the skinne no blood came forth A Councell of Physitions being called they thought good to cut the skinne and flesh lying under it with many deepe scarifications which when I had done there came forth a little blacke thicke and as it were congealed blood wherefore this remedy as also diverse other prooved to no purpose for in conclusion a blackish colour comming into his face and the rest of his body he dyed franticke I leave it to the Readers judgement whether so speedy and suddainly cruell a mischiefe could
proceede from any other than a venenate matter yet the hurt of this venenate matter is not peculiar or by its selfe For oft times the force of cold whether of the encompassing ayre or the too immoderate use of Narcoticke medicines is so great that in a few houres it takes away life from some of the members and diverse times from the whole body as we may learne by their example who travell in great snowes and over mountaines congealed and horrd with frost yce Hence also is the extinction of the native heate and the spirits residing in the part and the shutting forth of that which is sent by nature to ayde or defend it For when as the part is bound with rigide cold and as it were frozen they cannot get nor enter therein Neither if they should enter into the part can they stay long there because they can there finde no fit habitation the whole frame and government of nature being spoyled and the harmony of the foure prime qualities destroyed by the offensive dominion of predominant cold their enimy whereby it commeth to passe that flying back from whence they first came they leave the part destitute and deprived of the benefit of nourishment life sense and motion A certaine Briton an Hostler in Paris having drunke soundly after supper cast himselfe upon a bed the cold ayre comming in at a window left open so tooke hold upon one of his legges that when he waked forth of his sleepe he could neither stand nor goe Wherefore thinking onely that his leg was numbe they made him stand to the fire but putting it very nigh he burnt the sole of his foote without any sense of paine some fingers thicknesse for a mortification had already possessed more than halfe his legge Wherefore after he was carried to the Hospitall the Chirurgion who belonged thereto endeavoured by cutting away of the mortified legge to deliver the rest of the body from imminent death but it proved in vaine for the mortification taking hold upon the upper parts he dyed within three dayes with thoublesome belching and hicketting raving cold sweate and often swounding Verily all that same winter the cold was so vehement that many in the Hospitall of Paris lost the wings or sides of their nose-thrills seazed upon by a mortification without any putrefaction But you must note that the Gangreene which is caused by cold doth first and principally seaze upon the parts most distant from the heart the fountaine of heate to wit the feete and legges as also such as are cold by nature as gristly parts such as the nose and eares CHAP. XIII Of the signes of a Gangreene THe signes of a Gangreene which inflammation or a phlegmon hath caused are paine and pulsation without manifest cause the sudden changing of the fyery and red colour into a livid or blacke as Hippocrates shewes where hee speakes of the Gangreene of a broken heele I would have you here to understand the pulsificke paine not onely to be that which is caused by the quicker motion of the Arteries but that heavy and pricking which the contention of the unaturall heate doth produce by raising a thicke cloud of vapours from these humours which the Gangreene sets upon The signes of a Gangreene caused by cold are if suddenly a sharpe pricking and burning paine assaileth the part for penetrabile frigus adurit i peircing cold doth burne if a shining rednesse as if you had handled snow presently turne into a livid colour if in stead of the accidentall heate which was in the part presently cold and numbenesse shall possesse it as if it were shooke with a quartain feaver Such cold if it shall proceede so farre as to extinguish the native heate bringeth a mortification upon the Gangreene also oft times convulsions and violent shaking of the whole body wondrous troublesome to the braine and the fountaines of life But you shall know Gangreenes caused by too streight bandages by fracture luxation and contufion by the hardnesse which the attraction and flowing downe of the humors hath caused little pimples or blisters spreading or rising upon the skinne by reason of the great heate as in a combustion by the weight of the part occasioned through the defect of the spirits not now sustaining the burden of the member and lastly from this the pressing of your finger upon the part it will leave the print thereof as in an aedema and also from this that the skinne commeth from the flesh without any manifest cause Now you shall know Gangreenes arising from a bite puncture aneurisma or wound in plethoricke and ill bodies and in a part indued with most exquisite sence almost by the same signes as that which was caused by inflammation For by these and the like causes there is a farre greater defluxion and attraction of the humors than is fit when the perspiration being intercepted and the passages stopt the native heate is oppressed and suffocated But this I would admonish the young Chirurgion that when by the forementioned signes hee shall finde the Gangreene present that hee doe not deferre the amputation for that hee findes some sense or small motion yet residing in the part For oft times the affected parts are in this case mooved not by the motion of the whole muscle but onely by meanes that the head of the muscle is not yet taken with the Gangreene with mooving it selfe by its owne strength also mooves its proper and continued tendon and taile though dead already wherefore it is ill to make any delay in such causes CHAP. XIIII Of the Prognostickes in Gangreenes HAving given you the signes and causes to know a Gangreene it is fit wee also give you the prognosticke The fearcenesse and malignity thereof is so great that unlesse it be most speedily withstood the part it selfe will dye and also take hold of the neighbouring parts by the contagion of its mortification which hath beene the cause that a Gangreene by many hath beene termed an Esthiomenos For such corruption creepes out like poyson and like fire eates gnawes and destroyes all the neighbouring parts untill it hath spred over the whole body For as Hippocrates writes Lib. de vulner capitis Mortui viventis nulla est proportio i There is no proportion betweene the dead and living Wherefore it is fit presently to separate the dead from the living for unlesse that be done the living will dye by the contagion of the dead In such as are at the point of death a cold sweat flowes over all their bodyes they are troubled with ravings and watchings belchings and hicketing molest them and often swoundings invade them by reason of the vapours abundantly and continually raysed from the corruption of the humors and flesh and so carryed to the bowells and principall parts by the Veines Nerves and Arteries Wherefore when you have foretold these things to the friends of the patient then make haste
exquisitly extreame remedies are best to be applyed Yet first be certaine of the mortification of the part for it is no little or small matter to cut off a member without a cause Therefore I have thought it fit to set downe the signes whereby you may know a perfect and absolute mortification CHAP. XVII The signes of a perfect Necrosis or Mortification YOu shall certainly know that a Gangreene is turned into a Sphacell or mortification and that the part is wholly and throughly dead if it looke of a blacke colour and bee colder than stone to your touch the cause of which coldnesse is not occasioned by the frigiditie of the aire if there bee a great softnesse of the part so that if you presse it with your finger it rises not againe but retaines the print of the impression If the skinne come from the flesh lying under it if so great and strong a smell exhale especially in an ulcerated Sphacell that the standers by cannot endure or suffer it if a sanious moisture viscide greene or blackish flow from thence if it bee quite destitute of sense and motion whether it be pulled beaten crushed pricked burnt or cut off Here I must admonish the young Chirurgion that hee be not deceived concerning the losse or privation of the sense of the part For I know very many deceived as thus the patients pricked on that part would say they felt much paine there But that feeling is oft deceiptfull as that which proceeds rather from the strong apprehension of great paine which formerly reigned in the part than from any facultie of feeling as yet remaining A most cleare and manifest argument of this false and deceitful sense appeares after the amputation of the member for a long while after they will complaine of the part which is cut away Verily it is a thing wondrous strange and prodigious and which will scarse be credited unlesse by such as have seene with their eyes and heard with their eares the patients who have many moneths after the cutting away of the Legge grievous ly complained that they yet felt exceeding great paine of that Leg so cut of Wherefore have a speciall care least this hinder your intended amputation a thing pittifull yet absolutely necessary for to preserve the life of the patient and all the rest of his body by cutting away of that member which hath all the signes of a Sphacell and perfect mortification for otherwise the neglected fire will in a moment spread over all the body and take away all hope of remedy for thus Hippocrates wisheth That Sections Vstions and Terebrations must bee performed as soone as neede requires CHAP. XVIII Where Amputation must be made IT is not sufficient to know that Amputation is necessary but also you must learne in what place of the dead part it must bee done and herein the wisedome and judgement of the Chirurgion is most apparent Art bids to take hold of the quicke and to cut off the member in the sound flesh but the same art wisheth us to preserve whole that which is sound as much as in us lies I will shew thee by a familiar example how thou maist carry thy selfe in these difficulties Let us suppose that the foote is mortified even to the anckle here you must attentively marke in what place you must cut it off For unlesse you take hold of the quicke flesh in the amputation or if you leave any putrefaction you profit nothing by amputation for it will creepe and spread over the rest of the body It befits Physicke ordained for the preservation of mankind to defend from the iron or instrument and all manner of injurie that which enjoyes life and health Wherefore you shall cut off as little of that which is sound as you possibly can yet so that you rather cut away that which is quicke than leave behind any thing that is perished according to the advice of Celsus Yet oft times the commodity of the action of the rest of the part and as it were a certaine ornament thereof changes this counsell For if you take these two things into your consideration they will induce you in this propounded case and example to cut off the Legge some five fingers breadth under the knee For so the patient may more fitly use the rest of his Legge and with lesse trouble that is he may the better goe on a woodden Legge for otherwise if according to the common rules of Art you cut it off close to that which is perished the patient will be forced with trouble to use three Legges in stead or two For I so knew Captaine Francis Clerke when as his foote was strucken off with an iron bullet shot forth of a man of warre and afterwards recovered and healed up hee was much troubled and wearied with the heavy and unprofitable burden of the rest of his Legge wherefore though whole and sound he caused the rest thereof to bee cut off some five fingers breadth below his knee and verily hee useth it with much more ease and facility than before in performance of any motion Wee must doe otherwise if any such thing happen in the Arme that is you must cut off a little of the sound part as you can For the actions of the Legges much differ from these of the armes and chiefly in this that the body restsnot neither is carried upon the armes as it is upon the feete and Legges CHAP. XIX How the section or amputation must be performed THe first care must be of the patients strength wherefore let him be nourished with meats of good nutriment easie digestion and such as generate many spirits as with the yolkes of Egges and bread tosted and dipped in Sacke or Muskedine Then let him bee placed as is fit and drawing the muscles upwards toward the sound parts let them be tyed with a straite ligature a little above that place of the member which is to be cut off with a strong and broad fillet like that which women usually bind up their haire withall This ligature hath a threefold use the first is that it hold the muscles drawne up together with the skin so that retiring backe presently after the performance of the worke they may cover the ends of the cut bones and serve them in stead of boulsters or pillowes when they are healed up and so suffer with lesse paine the compression in susteining the rest of the body besides also by this meanes the wounds are the sooner healed and cicatrized for by how much more flesh or skinne is left upon the ends of the boner by so much they are the sooner healed and cicatrized The second is for that it prohibites the fluxe of blood by pressing and shutting up the veines and arteries The third is for that it much dulls the sense of the part by stupefying it the animall spirits by the straite compression being hindred from passing in by the Nerves Wherefore when
give him for lost content to have let him goe with prognosticks for as an ancient Doctor writes That as in Nature so in diseases there are also Monsters The end of the Twelfth Booke OF VLCERS FISTVLA'S AND Haemorrhoides THE THIRTEENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of the nature causes and differences of Vlcers HAving already handled and treated of the nature difference causes signes and cure of fresh and blood wounds reason order seeme to require that we now speake of Vlcers taking our beginning from the ambiguity of the name For according to Hippocrates the name of Vlcer most generally taken may signifie all or any solution of Continuity In which sense it is read that all paine is an Vlcer Generally for a wound and Vlcer properly so called as appeares by his Booke de Vlceribus Properly as when hee saith it is a signe of death when an Vlcer is dryed up through an Atrophia or defect of nourishment Wee have here determined to speake of an Vlcer in this last and proper signification And according thereto wee define an Vlcer to bee the solution of Continuity in a soft part and that not bloody but â—ordide and unpure flowing with quiâ—â—ure Sauies or any such like corruption associated with one or more affects against nature which hinder the healing and agglutination thereof or that we may give you it in fewer words according to Galens opinion An ulcer is a solution of Continuity caused by Erosion The causes of Vlcers are either internall or externall The internall are through the default of humors peccant in quality rather than in quantity or else in both and so making erosion in the skinne and softer parts by their acrimonie and malignitie Now these things happen eyther by naughty and irregular diet or by the ill disposition of the entrailes sending forth and emptying into the habite of the body this their ill disposure The externall causes are the excesse of cold seazing upon any part especially more remote from the fountaine of heate whence followes paine whereunto succeeds an attraction of humors and spirits into the part and the corruption of these so drawne thither by reason of the debility or extinction of the native heate in that part whence lastly ulceration proceeds In this number of externall causes may be ranged a stroake contusion the application of sharpe and acrid medicines as causticks burnes as also impure contagion as appeares by the virulent vlcers acquired by the filthy copulation or too familiar conversation of such as have the French disease How many and what the differences of Vlcers are you may see here described in this following Scheme A Table of the differences of Vlcers An Vlcer is an impure solution of continuity in a soft part flowing with filth and matter or other corruption whereof there are two chiefe differeÌ„ces for one Is simple and solitary without complication of any other affect against nature and this varies in differences either Proper which are usually drawne from three things to wit figur whence one Vlcer is called Round or circular Sinuous and variously spread Right or oblique Cornered as triangular Quantity that eyther according to their Length whence an Vlcer is long short in different Breadth whence an Vlcer is broad narrow indifferent Profundity whence an Vlcer is deepe superficiary indifferent Equalitie or inequality which consists In those differences of dimensions whereof we last treated I say in length breadth and profundity wherein they are either alike or of the same manner or else unlike and so of a different manner Or common and accidentall these drawne either From their time whence an Vlcer is tearmed new old of short or long cure and â—uration From their appearance whence one is called an apparent Vlcer another a hidden and occult Vlcer From their manner of generation as if it be made by a heavy brusing cutting pricking or corroding thing whence a cut torne and mixt Vlcer From their site whence an Vlcer before behind above below in the head taile or belly of a Muscle From that part it seazes upon whence an vlcer in the flesh and skin or feeding upon the gristles or bones such as these of the nose the palate of the mouth and eares From other common accidents whence a Telephian Vlcer that is such an Vlcer as Telephus had A Chironian which needs the hand and art of Chiron A Canckrous which resembles a Cancer Is compound and many and various wayes complicated as With the cause whence an Vlcer Is Cacochymicke Catarrhoicke or venenate that is with a Cachochymia or Repletion of ill humors a Catarrhe or poison cherishes or feeds With the disease as from Distemper whether simple or compound whence an Vlcer is Hot. Cold. Day Mâ—…st Mixt. Swelling or Tumor whence a Phlegmonous Erysipelous Oedematous Scirrhous Cancrous Vlcer Solution of continuitie or any other discommoditie whence a rough callous fistulous cavernous sinuous Vlcer with luxation facture c. With the Symptome whence According eating painefull sordid and virulent Vlcer With the cause and disease With the cause and Symptome Examples whereof may be taken from that we have formerly delivered With the disease and Symptome With the cause disease and Symptome CHAP. II. Oâ— the signes of Vlcers THere are various signes of Vlcers according to their differences For it is the signe of a putride Vlcer if it exhale a noy some grievous stinking and carion-like vapour together with filthy matter An eating Vlcer is knowne by the eating in hollownesse and wearing away of the part wherein it resides together with the adjoyning parts A sordide Vlcer may be knowne by the grossenesse and viscidity of the excrements it sends forth and by the loose and spongy softnesse or the crusted inequality of the flesh which growes over it A cavernous Vlcer by the streghtnesse of the orifice and largenesse and deepenesse of the windings within A fistulous Vlcer if to the last mentioned signes there accrew a callous hardnesse of the lips or sides of the Vlcer A cancrous Vlcer is horrible to behold with the lips turned backe hard and swollne flowing with virulent and stincking corruption and sometimes also with bloody matter together with the swelling and lifting up of the adjacent veines An untemperate or as they terme it a distempered Vlcer is such as is nourished by some great distemper whether hot or cold moist or dry or compounded of these An ill naâ—â—red or maligne Vlcer is knowne by the difficulty of curing and rebellious contumacy to remedies appointed according to art and reason Wee know a catarrhous Vlcer if the matter which feeds it flow to it from some varices thereunto adjoyning or dilated swollne and broken-veines or from some entraile or from the whole body being ill affected An Apostumatous Vlcer is perceived by the presence of any tumor against nature whose kind may be found out by sight and handling Telephian Vlcers are such as affected Telephus and Chironian in
Vlcer is eyther simple or compound A simple Vlcer as an Vlcer hath one and that a simple indication that is exsiccation and that more than in a wound by how much an Vlcer is moister than a wound There are many indications proposed for the cure of a compound Vlcer in respect of which Galen would have us to keepe this order that wee have the first regard of the most urgent then of the cause then of that which unlesse it be taken away the Vlcer cannot be healed By giving you an example you may easily understand the meaning hereof Imagine on the inside of the Leg a little above the ancle an Vlcer very painefull hollow putride associated with the rottennesse of the bone circular having hard and swolne Lips and engirt with the inflammation and varices of the neighbouring parts If you take this to cure before you doe any thing about the Vlcer unlesse you bee called upon by that which urges as by vehemency of paine you must first use generall meanes by calling and advising with a Physition For in Galens opinion if the whole body require a preparation then must that be done in the first place for in some Vlcers purgation onely will bee sufficient in some bloodletting others are better by using both meanes which is as the cause of the Vlcer proceedes from a repletion or illnesse of humors Now by these meanes having taken away the cause of the Vlcer you must come to the particular cure thereof beginning with that which is most urgent Wherefore you must first asswage the paine by application of things contrary to the cause thereof as if it proceede from a Phlegmonous distemper which hath long possest distended and hardned the part it must bee eased by evacuation First bathing it with warme water to mollifie and relaxe the skinne that so you may the more easily evacuate the contained humors then shall you draw away portion of the matter causing the swelling and paine by scarrification if the patient shall be of sufficient courage or else by application of hose-leaches if hee be more faint hearted and then you shall temper the heate there of by applying Vnguentum refrigerans Galeni To conclude you shall attempt all things which wee have formerly delivered in our treatise of Tumors to take away the swelling thereof When you have brought this to that passe you desire you shall come to those which are such that it cannot be taken away or healed without them which shall be done by orderly helping the defects against nature which were conjoyned with the Vlcer to wit the rottennesse of the bone which you shall helpe by actuall cauteries and in the meane while you shall draw the Vlcer into another forme to wit cornered and you shall cut away the callous hardnesse and helpe the rottennesse Then must you procure the falling away of the Eschar and then provide for the scailing of the bone by the meanes formerly prescribed lastly the mundified Vlcer must be filled with flesh For generating of flesh two causes must concurre the efficient and materiall The efficient is the good temper both of the whole body as also of the Vlcerated part For this prevailing there will be an attraction digestion apposition and assimulation of the laudible juice to the part affected verily the laudible temper is preserved by like things but the vicious is amended by contraries The matter to bee spent upon flesh is laudible blood which offends neither in quality nor quantity In this regeneration of the flesh there appeare two kinds of excrements the one more thinne and humide called Sanies the other more grosse termed Sordes Both of these for that they are contrary to nature doe therefore hinder the regeneration of flesh and therefore must be taken away by applying their contraryes as by things drying in the first degree and more strongly or weakely detergent according to the complexion of the part and the whole body and the plenty and quality of the excrementitious humor and the uncleannesse of the Vlcer For the part must bee preserved by the use of the like but the ulcer orecome by application of things contrary thereto After that by natures endeavour and the Chirurgions helpe the Vlcer is replete with flesh it must be cicatrized that is covered with a callous skin in stead of the true and native skin It may be cicatrized by strewing of very drying pouders having very little or no acrimony Thus Alume and viâ—rioll being burnt and made into pouder and thinly strewed upon the part doe quickly cicatrize the former fleshy worke To this purpose also serve the roote of Aristolochia Aloes burnt Lead Pomegranat pills burnt Litharge Tutia and also plates of Lead besmeared with quicksilver whose efficacy for this purpose Chirurgions sometimes finde more certaine and powerfull than any other remedies CHAP. V. Of a distempered Vlcer BEfore we speake of a distempered Vlcer it is meete least that the Chirurgion take one distemper for another briefly to relate the signes of each You may know that an Vlcer is associated with a dry distemper by your sight as if the Vlcer be as it were wrinckled if it send forth little or no moisture also it is knowne by touch if it feele rough and hard You shall correct this distemper by humecting medicines as fomenting it with warme water according to Galens opinion or else with Hydraelaeum i. Oile and water mixt but alwayes you must first purge if the body shall abound with ill humors or use Phlebotomie if the body be plethoricke otherwise you shall draw more humors into the part than it can beare Now you shall so long â—oment it untill the flesh which is about it begin to looke red waxe soft and moist and the part it selfe be a little swollne If you proceede further you will resolve all the humor which you have drawne thither and so your labour is in vaine After the â—omentation apply such a remedy to the ulcerated part â„ž cremoris hordei â„¥ ij fol. malva in aq coct â„¥ j. pingued porci â„¥ iss mellis com â„¥ ss misâ—e in mortario fiat unguentum You shall know a moist distemper associates the Vlcer by the plenty of the excrementitious humor which the Vlcer sends forth by the spongie and fungous softnesse and growth of the flesh about it You shall amend this by drying remedies such as these are which we terme sarcoticks having alwayes regard to the plenty of the humour the proper temper of the part and other indications formerly mentioned Amongst other remedies Galen much commends Alume water for it dries clenses and corroborates the affected part Also this ensuing fomentation may be applyed to good purpose rum rosar rub absinth beton tapsi barbati an m. j. gallarum nucum cupressi an Ê’ij rochaeÊ’j fiat decoctio in vino ansiero instituatur fotus Then let Empl. de cerussa or De minio be applyed to the Vlcer
wherefore all such things shall be used in forme of an Eglegma to be taken lying on the backe and swallowed downe by little and little opening the muscles of the throate least the medicine passing downe sodainely and in great quantity cause a cough a thing exceeding hurtfull to these kinds of Vlcers When they must be clensed you shall have crude honey which hath a singular faculty above all other detergent things in these kind of Vlcers But when they can conveniently swallow you shall mixe Gumme Tragacanth dissolved in some astringent decoction In Vlcers of the stomacke all acride things as I have formerly advised must be shunned as those which may cause paine inflammation and vomite and besides hinder the digestion of the meate Therefore let them frequently use a ptisan and sugered gellyes wherein Gumme Tragacanth and bole Armenicke have beene put the decoction of Prunes Dates Figges Raisons Honey Cowes milke boyled with the yoalkes of egges and a little common honey When they are to be agglutinated it will be convenient to make use of austere astringent and agglutinative things which want all acrimony and ungratefull taste such as are Hypocistis Pomegranate flowres and pills terra sigillata sumach acacia a decoction of quinces the Lentiske wood the tops of Vines of brambles myrtles made in astringent wine unlesse there be feare of inflammation Their drinke shall be Hydromel water with Sugar syrupe of Violets and Iujubes Honey mixed with other medicines is a very fitting remedy for Vlcers of the guts and other parts more remote from the stomacke for if you shall use astringent medicines alone of themselves they will sticke to the stomacke neither will they carry their strength any further but honey mixed with them besides that it distributes them to the rest of the body and helpes them forwards to the affected parts also clenses the Vlcers themselves Here also Asses milke may with good successe be used in stead of Goates or Cowes milke The use of a valnerary potion is almost commendable if so bee that it bee made of such hearbes and simples as by a certaine tacite familiartiy have respect to the parts affected But the Vlcers of the Guts have this difference amongst themselves that if the greater guts be affected you may heale them with a Glyster and injections made also sharpe to correct the putrefaction such as are those which are made of Barly water or wine with Aegyptiacum But if the small guts be ulcerated they must bee rather healed by potions and other things taken at the mouth for that as Galen saith these things which are put up into the body by the Fundament doe not commonly ascend to the small or slender guts but such as are taken at the mouth cannot come unlesse with the losse of their faculty so farre as the great guts CHAP. XVIII Of the Vlcers of the Kidneyes and Bladder VLcers are caused in the Kidnyes and Bladder either by the use of acride meates drinkes or medicines as Cantharides or else by the collection of an acride humor bred in that place sent or falne thither or else by the rupture of some vessell or an abscesse broken and degenerated into an Vlcer as it sometimes comes to passe They are discerned by their site for the paine and heavinesse of Vlcers of the Reines comes to the Loynes and the Pus or matter is evacuated well and throughly mixed with the Vrine Neither doth the Pus which flowes from the renies stinke so ill as that which is cast forth of the bladder the reason is for that the bladder being a bloodlesse fleshlesse membranous part hath not such power to resist putrefaction that pus which flowes from the Kidneyes never flowes without water and although by long keeping in an Vrinall it at length subsides or falls to the bottome and may be seene separated yet when it is first made you may see it perfectly mixed with the Vrine but that Pus which flowes from the bladder is oft times made alone without Vrine usually it comes to passe that the Pus or matter which flowes from the ulcerated Kidnyes hath in it certaine caruncles or as it were haires according to the rule of Hippocrates Those who in a thicke Vrine have little caâ—uncles and as it were haires come forth together therewith they come from their Kidnyes but on the contrarie those who have certaine bran-like scailes come from them in a thicke Vrine their bladder is scabby or troubled with a scabby Vlcer For the cure it is expedient that the belly be soluble either by nature or Art and the use of mollifying Glysters And it is good to vomit sometimes so to draw backe the humors by whose confluxe into the affected part the Vlcer might bee seed and made more sordide and filthy You must beware of strong purgations least the humors being moved and too much agitated the matter fit to nourish the Vlcer may fall downe upon the Kidnyes or bladder The ensuing potion is very effectuall to mundifie those kind of Vlcers â„ž Hordei integri M. ij glycyrrhizae ras contus â„¥ ss rad acetosae petrosel an Ê’vj fiat decoctio ad lb. j. in colatura dissolve mellis dispum â„¥ ij Let him take every morning the quantity of foure Ounces Gordonius exceedingly commends the following Trochisces â„ž quator sem frig maj mundatorum sem papaveris albi sem malvae portul cydon baccarum myrti tragacanth gum arab nucum pinearum mund pistach glycyrrhizae mund â—ucaginis sem psilij amygd dulc hordei mund an Ê’ij bol armeni sang dracâ—spodij rosarum myrrhae an â„¥ ss ponderisÊ’ij Let him take one thereof in the morning dissolved in Barly water or Goates milke Galen bids to mixe honey and diureticke things with medicines made for the Vlcers of the Reines and bladder for that they gently move Vrine and are as vehicles to carry the medicines to the part affected Vlcers of the bladder are either in the bottome thereof or at the necke and urinary passage If they be in the bottome the paine is almost continuall if in the necke the paine then prickes and is most terrible when they make water and presently after The Vlcer which is is the bottome sends forth certaine scaly or skinny excrements together with the Vrine but that which is in the necke causes almost a continuall Tentigo Those which are in the bottome are for the most part incurable both by reason of the bloodlesse and nervous nature of the part as also for that the Vlcer is continually chased and troubled by the acrimony of the Vrine so that it can hardly be cicatrized For even after making of water some reliques of the Vrine alwayes remaine in the bottome of the bladder which could not therefore passe forth together with the rest of the Vrine for that for the passing forth of the Vrine the bladder being distended before falls
caution When a Fistula proceeds by the fault of a corrupt bone it is to be considered whether that fault in your bone be superficiary or deeper in or whether it is wholly rotten and perished For if the default be superficiary it may easily be taken away with a desquammatory Treapan but if it penetrate even to the marrow it must be taken forth with cutting mullets first having made way with a Terebellum But if the bone be quite rotten and perished it must bee wholly taken away which may be fitly done in the joynts of the fingers the radius of the Cubite and Legge but no such thing may be attempted in the socket of the Huckle bone the head of the Thigh bone or any of the Rack bones when they are mortified neither in those Fistula's which are of their owne nature uncurable but you shall thinke you have discharged your duty and done sufficiently for the Patient if you leave it with a prognosticke Of this nature are Fistula's which penetrate even to the bowells which come into the parts orespread with large vessells or Nerves which happen to effeminate and tender persons who had rather dye by much than to suffer the paine and torment of the operation Like caution must bee used when by the cutting of a Fistula there is feare of greater danger as of convulsion if the disease be in a nervous part In these and the like cases the Chirurgion shall not set upon the perfect cure of the disease but shall thinke it better to prevent by all meanes possible that the disease by fresh supplies become no worse which may bee done if he prevent the falling downe of any new defluxion into the part if by an artificial diet hee have a care that excrementitious humors be not too plentifully generated in the body or so order it that being generated they may be evacuated at certaine times or else diverted from the more noble to the base parts But in the meane space it shall be requisite to waist the faulty flesh which growes up more than is fitting in the Vlcer and to clense the sordes or filth with medicines which may doe it without biting or acrimony and putrefaction CHAP. XXIII Of the Fistula's in the Fundament FIstula's in the Fundament are bred of the same causes as other kinds of Fistula's are to wit of a wound or abscesse not well cured or of a haemorrhoide which is suppurated Such as are occult may be knowne by dropping downe of the sanious and purulent humor by the Fundament and the paine of the adjacent parts But such as are manifest by the helpe of your probe you may finde whither they goe and how farre they reach For this purpose the Chirurgion shall put his finger into the Fundament of the patient and then put a Leaden probe into the orifice of the Fistula which if it come to the finger without interposition of any medium it is a signe it penetrats into the capacity of the Gut Besides also then there flowes not onely by the fundament but also by the orifice which the maligne humor hath opened by its acrimony much matter somewhiles sanious and oft times also breeding Wormes Fistula's may be judged cuniculous and running into many turnings and windings if the probe doe not enter farre in and yet not withstanding more matter flowes therehence than reason requires should proceede from so small an Vlcer You may in the oâ—ifices of all Fistula's perceive a certaine callous wart which the common Chirurgions tearme a Hens arse Many symptomes accompany Fistula's which are in the Fundament as a Tenesmus strangury falling downe of the Fundament If the Fustula must be cured by manuall operation let the patient lye so upon his backe that lifting up his legges his thighs may presse his belly then let the Chirurgion having his naile pared put his finger besmeared with some oyntment into the patients Fundament then let him thrust in at the orifice of the Fistula a thick Leaden needle drawing after it a thread consisting of thread and horse haires woven together and then with his finger taking hold thereof and somewhat crooking it draw it forth at the Fundament together with the end of the thread Then let him knit the two ends of the thread with a draw or loose knot that so hee may straiten them at his pleasure But before you bind them you shall draw the thread some-what roughly towards you as though you meant to saw the flesh therein conteined that you may by this meanes cut the Fistula without any feare of an Haemorrhagye or flux of blood It sometimes happens that such Fistula's penetrate not into the Gut so that the finger by interposition of some callous body cannot meete with the needle or probe Then it is convenient to put in a hollow iron or silver probe so through the cavity thereof to thrust a sharp pointed needle and that by pricking and cutting may destroy the callous which thing you cannot performe with the formerly described leaden probe which hath a blunt point unlesse with great paine The description of a hollow Silver probe to be used with a needle as also a Leaden probe A. Shewes the Needle B. The hollow probe C. The needle with the probe D. The Leaden needle drawing a thread after it The Callus being waisted the Fistula shall be bound as wee formerly mentioned That which is superficiary needs no binding onely it must be cut with a croked scalprum and the Callus being consumed the rest of the cure must bee performed after the manner of other Vlcers But you must note that if any parcell of the Callous body remaine untoucht by the medicine or instrument the Fistula reviving againe will cause a relapse CHAP. XXIIII Of Haemorrboides HAemorrhoides as the word usually taken are tumors at the extremities of the veines encompassing the Fundament caused by the defluxion of an humor commonly melancholicke and representing a certaine kind of Varices Some of these run at an hole being opened which sometimes in space of time contracts a Callus others onely swell and cast forth no moisture some are manifest others lye onely hidde within Those which runne commonly cast forth blood mixed with yellowish serous moisture which stimulates the blood to breake forth and by its acrimony opens the mouthes of the veines But such as do not run are eyther like blisters such as happen in burnes and by practitioners are usually called vesicales and are caused by the defluxion of a phlegmaticke and serous humor or else represent a Grape whence they are called Vvales generated by the afflux of blood laudible in qualitie but overaboundant in quantiry or else they expresse the manner of a disease whence they are termed morales proceeding from the suppression of melancholicke blood or else they represent warts whence they are stiled Verrucales enjoying the same materiall cause of the generation as the morales doe This affect
danger lest the bone bee forced out againe and removed from its place whereinto it was restored by art and the hand Which thing Hippocrates so much feared that on the contrarie he willed that the set bone should be drawne somewhat more unto the part contrary to that whereunto it was driven by force than the naturall and proper site thereof should require But to returne to our former discourse of the three Ligatures The first under-binder being put on wee then take the second with which wee in like sort begin at the fracture but having wrapped it once or twice about there for that as we formerly said wee must not force backe and presse so much blood towards the extremities as wee must doe towards the body and bowels Wherefore this Ligature shall be drawne from above downe-wards gently straining it to presse forth the blood contained in the wounded part When by rowling you shall come to the end of that part then you shall carry back againe that which remaines thereof to wit upwards But otherwise you may take the third under-binder wherewith you may beginne to rowle whereas you left with the second and you may carry it thus rowling it from below upwards These under-bindings thus finished apply your boulsters after them your over or upper-bindings which are oft times two but sometimes three The first hath two heads and is wrapped both from the right hand and the left for the preservation of the first under-binder and the boulsters and restoring the muscles to their native figure The two other which remaine consist of one head the one of them must be rowled from below upwards the other from above downwards after such a manner that they may bee directly contrary to the under-binders as if they were rowled from the right hand then these must be from the left Now this is the manner of Hippocrates his Ligation which for that it is now growne out of use we must here set downe that which is in common use They doe not at this time use any over-binders but that which we termed the third under-binder serves our Surgeons in stead of the three forementioned over-binders Wherefore they carry this third under-binder wrapped from below upwards as we formerly said contrary to the first and second under-binder as if these begunne on the right side this shall be rowled from the left and shall end whereas the first under-binder ended And you must not only draw it indifferently hard but also make the spires and windings more rare This third rowler is of this use in this manner of Ligation that is it restores the muscles to their native figure from whence they were somewhat altered by the drawing and rowling of the two former Ligatures But you must alwaies have regard that you observe that measure in wrapping your Ligatures which reason with the sense of the patient and ease in suffering prescribes having regard that the tumor become not inflamed Also the habit of the body ought to prescribe a measure in Ligation for tender bodies cannot away with so hard binding as hard Verily in fractures and luxations the humors by too strait binding are pressed into the extreme parts of the body whence grievous and oft times enormous Oedema's proceede for healing whereof the Ligature must bee loosed and then the tumified parts pressed by a new rowling which must bee performed from below upwards and so by forcing the matter of the Tumor thither it may be helped for there is no other hope or way to drive the humor backe againe He which doth this forsakes the proper cure of the disease so to resist the symptome which the Surgeon shall never refuse to doe as often as any necessarie cause shall require it For this cause Hippocrates bids that the Bandages bee loosed everie three dayes and then to â—oment the part with hote water that so the humors which drawne thither by the vehemency of paine have settled in the part may be dissolved and dispersed and itching and other such like symptomes prevented The feare of all accidents being past let the Ligation bee sooner or later loosed and more slacked than it formerly was accustomed that so the blood and laudible matter wherof a Callus may ensue may flow more freely to the affected part CHAP. IIII. Of the binding up of Fractures associated with a wound IT sometimes happens that a Fracture is associated by a wound and yet for all this it is fit to binde the part with a Ligature otherwise there will be no small danger of swelling inflammation and other ill accidents by reason of the too plentifull affluxe of humors from the neighbouring parts But it is not fit to endeavour to use that kinde of binding which is performed with manie circumvolutions or wrappings about For seeing the wound must bee dressed everie day the part must each day necessarily be stirred and the Ligature consisting of so many windings loosed which thing will cause paine and consequently hinder the knitting and uniting which is performed by rest Therefore this kinde of binding may be performed by one onely rowling about the wound and that with a rowler which consists of a twice or thrice doubled cloth made in manner of a boulster and sewed with as much conveniencie as you can that it may be so large as to encompasse and cover all the wound for these reasons which shall bee delivered at large in our Treatise of Fractures But if the wound runne long-wayes let the boulsters and splints be applyed to the sides of the wound that so the lipps of the wound may bee pressed together and the contained filth pressed forth But if it be made over-thwart we must abstaine from boulsters and splints for that in Galens opinion they would dilate the wound and the purulent matter would be pressed out and cast back into the wound CHAP. V. Certaine common precepts of the binding up of Fractures and Luxations IN everie Fracture and Luxation the depressed hollow and extenuated parts such as are neere unto the joynts ought to be filled up with boulsters or cloaths put about them so to make the part equall that so they may be equally and on every side pressed by the splints and the bones more firmely contained in their seates So when the knee is bound up you must fill the ham or that cavity which is there that so the ligation may be the better and speedilier performed The same must be done under the armepits above the heele in the arme neer the wrest and to conclude in all other parts which have a conspicuous inequalitie by reason of some manifest cavitie When you have finished your binding then enquire of the patient whether the member seeme not to be bound too strait For if he say that he is unable to endure it so hard bound then must the binding be somewhat slackned For too strait binding causes paine heate defluxion a gangrene and lastly a sphacell
cause paine and trouble to the new set bones A three or foure times doubled cloth will serve for the thicknesse of your Boulsters but the length and breadth must bee more or lesse according to the condition of the parts and disease for which they must be applyed CHAP. VIII Of the use of Splints Junks and Cases HAving delivered the uses of Ligatures and Boulsters it remaines that wee say somewhat of the other things which serve to hold the bones in their places as Splints Junks Cases and such other like Splints are made and composed of past bord of thin splinters of wood of leather such as shoâ—-soales are made with of the rindes of trees or plates of Latin or lead and such other like which have a gentle and yeelding stiffenesse yet would I have them made as light as may bee lest they by their weight become troublesome to the afflicted part But for their length breadth and number let them be fitted agreeable to the part whereto they must bee used Let also their figure be straight or crooked according to the condition of the member whereto they must be applyed You must have a speciall care that they runne not so farre as the swellings out or eminencies of the bones as the ancles knees elbowes and the like lest they hurt them by their pressure also you must have a care that they be smaller at their ends and thicker in their middles whereas they lye upon the broken bone The use of splints is to hold fast and firme that they may stir no way the broken and luxated bones after they bee set and restored to their places That they performe this use it is fit there be no thicke boulsters under them nor over many rowlers for so through so thick a space they would not so straitly presse the part Junkes are made of stickes the bignesse of ones finger wrapped about with rushes and then with linnen cloth they are principally used in fractures of the thighes and legges Cases are made of plates of Latin or else of some light wood their use is to containe the bones in their due figure when the patient is to be carried out of one bed or chamber into another or else hath neede to goe to stoole lastly if wee must rest somewhat more strongly upon the broken or luxated members these Cases will hinder the bones from stirring or flying out on the right side or left above or below we sleeping or waking being willing or unwilling and in like sort left being not as yet well knit or more loosely bound up for feare of paine inflammation or a gangrene they hang downe fall or fly in sunder by reason of the inequalities of the bed Such Cases Junkes and the like which serve for restoring and fast holding of broken and luxated bones we may according to Hippocrates his minde call them in generall Glossocomia All which things the yong Surgeon which is not as yet exercised in the workes of Art can scarce tell what they are But in the meane time whilest that hee may come to bee exercised therein or see others performe these operations I as plainely as possibly I could have in words given him their portraiture or shape The end of the fourteenth Booke OF FRACTURES THE FIFTEENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. What a Fracture is and what the differences thereof are A Fracture in Galens opinion is the solution of continuitie in a bone which by the Greeks is called Catagma There are many sorts of hurting or offending the bones as the drawing them a-sunder luxation or putting them out of joynt their unnaturall growing together their cutting or dividing a-sunder contusion abscesse putrefaction rottennesse laying bare the periostium being violated or lost and lastly that whereof we now treate a Fracture Again the varieties of Fractures are almost infinite For one is complete and perfect another imperfect one runnes long-wise another transverse another oblique one while it is broken into great peeces another while into little and small scales which have eyther a blunt or else a sharpe end and pricke the adjacent bodies of the muscles nerves veines or arteries It somtimes happens that the bone is not broken into splinters that is long-wayes but together and at once into two peeces overthwart which Fracture is called Raphanedon that is after the maner of a Raddish A Fracture is made Caryedon or like a nut when as the bone flyes into many small peeces severed each from other as when a Nut is broken with a hammer or mallet upon an Anvile Which fracture is also termed Alphitidon by reason of the resemblance it hath to meale or floure and such is often seene in fractures made by bullets shot out of guns and such fiery engines Contrary to these are those fractures which are called Schidacidon as rent into splinters or after the manner of a boord or peece of timber that is right-downe and alongst the bone and these fractures are eyther apparent to the eye or else not apparent and therefore called Capillarie being so small as that they cannot be perceived by the eye unlesse you put inke upon them and then shave them with your Scrapers Sometimes the bone is only pressed downe by the stroke sometimes on the contrarie it flyes up as if it were vaulted They call it attrition when the bone is broken into many small fragments and as it were scales or chips The fragments of fractured bones are somtimes smooth and polished otherwhiles unequall and as it were sharpe and rough with little teeth or prickes Some fractures touch onely the surface of the bone fetching off only a scale othersome change not the site of fractured bones but only cleaves them length-waies without the plucking away of any fragment othersome penetrate even to their marrow Furthermore some Fractures are simple and alone by themselves othersome are accompanied with a troop of other affects and symptomes as a wound haemorrhagye inflammation gangrene and the like Hereunto you may also adde the differences drawne from the parts which the Fractures possesse as from the head ribs limbs joynts and other members of the bodie Adde also these which are taken from the habit of bodies aged young full of ill humors well tempered almost all which have their proper and peculiar indications for curing Now the causes of Fractures are the too violent assaults or stroaks of all externall things which may cut bruise breake or shake in this number of causes may also be reckoned fals from high places and infinite other things which would be long and tedious to reckon up CHAP. II. Of the signes of a Fracture WE may know by evident signes that a bone is broken the first whereof and most certaine is when by handling the part which we suspect to be broken wee feele peeces of the bone severed a-sunder and heare a certaine crackling of these peeces under our hands caused by the attrition of the
especially whereto it fell being made somwhat flat round resembling the whirl-bone its self and it shall bee bound on with ligatures and medicines so fast that it may not stirre a jot After the part shall seeme to have had sufficient rest it is fit that the patient try and accustome by little and little to bend his knee untill at length hee shall find that he may easily and safely move that joint CHAP. XLIX Of the dislocated Knee THe knee also may be dislocated three manner of waies that is into the inner outer and hinde part but very seldom towards the foreside and that not without some grievous and forcible violence for the Whirle-bone lying upon it hinders it from slipping out and holds it in The other wayes are easie because the cavity of the leg-bone is superficiary and very smooth but the cavity of the lower end of the thigh-bone is made in the maner of a spout or gutter besids the head therof is very smooth and slippery but the whole joint is much more laxe than the joint of the Elbow so that as it may be the more easily dislocated so may it the better be restored and as it may be the more easily so may it be the more safely dislocated for that inflammation is lesse to bee feared here as it is observed by Hippocrates Falls from high leaping and too violent running are the causes of this dislocation The signe thereof is the disability of bending or lifting up the legge to the thigh so that the patient cannot touch his buttocke with his heele The dislocation of the knee which is inwardly and outwardly is restored with indifferent extension and forcing of the bones into their seats from those parts whereunto they have fallen But to restore a dislocation made backwards the patient shall be placed upon a bench of an indifferent height so that the Surgeon may be behind him who may bend with both his hands bring to his buttocks the patients leg put betwixt his owne legges But if the restitution doe not thus succeed you must make a clew of yearn and fasten it upon the midst of a staffe let one put this into the cavity of his ham upon the place whereas the bone stands out and so force it forwards then let another cast a ligature of some three fingers breadth upon his knee and draw it upwards with his hands then presently and at once they all shall so bend and crooke the lame legge that the heele thereof may touch his buttocks CHAP. L. Of a knee dislocated forewards BUt if the knee bee dislocated forwards which seldome happens the patient shall be placed upon a table and a convenient ligation made above and another close beneath the knee Then the Surgeon shall so long presse downe with both his hands the bone which is out of joint untill it shall returne to its place againe To which purpose if the strength of the hand will not serve to make just extension each way you may make use of our engine as you may perceive by this following figure A figure shewing the manner of restoring a knee dislocated forwards You shall know that the bone is restored by the free and painelesse extension of the legge then will their bee place for medicines boulsters and strengthening ligatures In the meane space the patient shall forbeare going so long as the part shall seeme to require CHAP. LI. Of the separation of the greater and lesser Focile THe Fibula or lesser Focile is fastened and adheres to the Tibia leg bone or greater Focile without any cavity above at the knee and below at the ankle But it may bee pluckt or drawne aside three manner of waies that is forwards and to each side this chance happens when in going we take no sure footing so that wee slip with our feete this way and that way as in 〈◊〉 slippery place and so wrest it inwards or outwards for then the weight of our body lying upon it drawes the legge as it were infunder so that the one Focile is dislocated or separated from the other The same may happen by a fall from an high place or some grievous and bruising blow besides also their appendices are somtimes separated from them For the restoring of all these into their proper places it is fit they bee drawne and forced by the hand of the Surgeon into their seats then shall they be straitly bound up putting compresses to that part unto which the Fibula flew beginning also your ligation at the very luxation for the forementioned reasons The patient shall rest forty daies to wit as long as shall bee sufficient for the strengthening of the ligaments CHAP. LII Of the Leg-bone or greater Focile dislocated and divided from the Pasterne bone ALso the Leg-bone is sometimes dislocated and divided from the pasterne bone as well inwardly as outwardly which may bee knowne by the swelling out of the bone to this or that part if it be onely a subluxation or straine it may bee easily restored by gently forcing it into the place againe After the bone shall be restored it shall be kept so by compresses and fit deligation by crosse and contrary binding to the side opposite to that towards which the bone fell that so also in some measure it may bee more and more forced into its place In the mean time you must have a care that you doe not too straitly presse the great and large tendon which is at the heele This kinde of dislocation is restored in forty dayes unlesse some accident happen which may hinder it CHAP. LIII Of the dislocation of the Heele WHosoever leaping from an high place have fallen very heavie upon their heele have their heele dislocated and divided from the pasterne bone This dislocation happens more frequently inwardly than outwardly because the prominency of the lesser Focile embraces the pasterne bone whence it is that there it is more straitly and firmely knit It is restored by extension and forcing it in which will be no very difficult matter unlesse some great defluxion or inflammation hinder it For the binding up it must bee straitest in the part affected that so the bloud may be pressed from thence into the neighbouring parts yet using such a moderation that it may not bee painefull nor presse more straitly than is fit the nerves and grosse tendon which runnes to the heele This dislocation is not confirmed before the fortieth day though nothing happen which may hinder it Yet usually it happeneth that many symptomes ensue by the vehemency of the contusion Wherefore it will not be amisse to handle them in a particular chapter CHAP. LIV. Of the Symptomes which follow upon the contusion of the Heel IT happeneth by the vehemency of this contusion that the veines and arteries do as it were vomit up bloud both through the secret passages of their coates as also by their ends or orifices whence an
the warmness of the water and in the time of fomenting For too long fomenting resolves the blood that is drawne But that which is too little or short a space drawes little or nothing at all after the fomentation hot and emplastick medicines made of pitch turpentine euphorbium pellitory of Spaine sulphur and the like shall bee applyed They shall bee renued every day more often or seldome as the thing it selfe shall seeme to require These medicines are termed Dropaces whose forme is thus â„ž picis nigrae ammoniaci bdelii gummi elemi in aqua vitae dissolutorum an â„¥ ii olei laurini â„¥ i. pulveris piperis zinziberis granorum paradisi baccarum lauri et juniperi an â„¥ ii fiat emplastrum secundum artem extendatur super alutam It is also good to binde about the opposite sound part with a ligature yet without pain as if the right arme shall decay for want of nourishment the left shall bee bound beginning your ligation at the hand and continuing it to the Arme-pit If this mischance shall seaze upon the right leg then the left shall be swathed up from the sole of the foote to the groine For thus a great portion of the bloud is forced back into the vena cava or hollow veine and from this being distended and over full into the part affected and gaping with the vessels almost empty besides also it is convenient to keepe the sound part in rest that so it may draw the lesse nourishment and by that meanes there will bee more store to refresh the weake part Some wish also to bind up the decaying member with moderate ligation for thus say they the bloud is drawne thither for when as wee intend to let blood by opening a veine with a lancet we bind the arme Also it is good to dip it into water somewhat more than warme and hold it there untill it grow red and swell for thus bloud is drawne into the veines as they find which use to draw blood of the saphena and salvatella Now if when as these things and the like bee done the lame part grow hot red and swollen then know that health is to be hoped for but if the contrary happen the case is desperate wherefore you need attempt nothing further Furthermore there is sometimes hardnesse left in the joints after fractures and dislocations are restored It is fit to soften this by resolving the conteined humor by fomentations liniments cataplasmes emplasters made of the roots of Marsh-mallowes briony lillies line seed fenugreek seed and the like and also of gums dissolved in strong vineger as Ammoniacum bdelium opopanax labdanum sagapenum styrax liquida and Adeps anserinus gallinaceus humanus oleum liliorum and the like Also you must wish the patient to move the part ever now and then every day yet so that it be not painefull to him that so the pent up humour may grow hot bee attenuated and at length discussed and lastly the part it selfe restored as farre as art can perform it for oft times it cannot be helped any thing at all For if the member be weake and lame by reason that the fracture happened neere the joint for the residue of his life the motion thereof useth to bee painefull and difficult and oft times none at all especially if the Callus which grows there be somewhat thick and great and lastly if the joint it selfe shall bee contused and broken by the stroake as it oft-times happens in wounds made by Gun-shot The End of the sixteenth Booke OF DIVERS OTHER PRETER NATURALL AFFECTS WHOSE CURE IS COMMONLY PERFORMED BY SURGERY THE SEVENTEENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of an Alopecia or the falling away of the haires of the head AN Alopecia is the falling away of the haire of the head and sometimes also of the eye-browes chin and other parts the French commonly call it the Pelade Phisicians terme it the Alopecia for that old Foxes subject by reason of their age to have the scab are troubled oft times with this disease This affect is caused either through defect of nourishment fit to nourish the haires as in old age through want of the radicall humidity or by the corruption of the alimentary matter of the same as after long fevers in the Lues venerea leprosie the corruption of the whole hody and all the humours whence followeth a corruption of the vapours and fuliginous excrements or else by the vitious constitution of the pores in the skin in rarity and constriction or density as by the too much use of hot oyntments made for colouring the hair or such as are used to take off haire therefore called Depilatoria or by the burning of the skin or losse thereof having a scarre in stead thereof by reason of whose density the haire cannot spring out as by too much laxity the fuliginous matter of the haire stayes not but presenly vanisheth away The Alopecia which comes by old age a consumption burne baldnesse leprosie and a scald head is uncurable that which admits of cure the cause being taken away is helped Wherefore if it proceed from the corruption of humours let a Phisician bee called who as hee shall thinke it fit shall appoint diet purging and phlebotomie Then the Surgeon shall shave off that haire which is remaining and shall first use resolving fomentations apply Leaches and Horns to digest the vicious humour which is under the skin then shall he wash the head to take away the filth with a lye wherein the roots of Orris and Aloes have been boyled Lastly hee shall use both attractive fomentations and medicines for to draw forth the humour which is become laudable in the whole body by the benefit of diet fitly appointed But if the Alopecia shall happen through defect of nourishment the part shall bee rubbed so long with a course linnen cloth or a figge leafe or onions untill it waxe red besides also the skin shall bee pricked in many places with a needle and then ointments applied made of Labdanum pigeons dung stavisager oile of bayes turpentine and waxe to draw the bloud and matter of the haires If the haire be lost by the Lues venerea the patient shall be annointed with quicksilver to sufficient salivation To conclude as the causes of this disease shall be so must the remdies be fitted which are used CHAP. II. Of the Tinea or scalde Head THE Tinea let me soterme it in Latine whilst a fitter word may be found or a scald head is a disease possessing the musculous skin of the head or the hairy scalpe and eating thereinto like a moth There are three differences thereof the first is called by Galen scaly or branlike for that whilst it is scratched it casts many branlike scales some Practitioners terme it a dry scall because of the great adustion of the humour causing it Another is called ficosa a fig-like scall because when it is dispoyled of the crust or
blow they must not bee taken forth but restored and fastened to the next that remaine firme for in time they will be confirmed in their sockets as I tryed in Anthony de la Rue a tailour who had his jaw broken with the pommell of a dagger and three of his teeth loosened and almost shaken out of their sockets the jaw being restored the teeth were also put in their places and bound to the rest with a double waxed thread for the rest I fed the patient with broths gellyes and the like and I made astringent gargarismes of cypresse nuts myrtle berries and a little alum boyld in oxycrate and I wished him to hold it a good while in his mouth by these means I brought it so to passe that hee within a while after could chaw as easily upon those teeth as upon the other I heard it reported by a credible person that he saw a Lady of the prime nobility who instead of a rotten tooth she drew made a sound tooth drawne from one of her waiting maids at the same time to be substituted and inserted which tooth in processe of time as it were taking roote grew so firme as that she could chaw upon it as well as upon any of the rest But as I formerly said I have this but by heare-say Now the teeth are corroded or eaten in by an acride and thinne humour penetrating by a plenteous and frequent defluxion even to their roots and being there conteined it putrefies and becomming more acride it doth not only draw the teeth into the contagion of its putrefaction but also perforats and corrodes them The putrefaction may bee corrected if after generall medicines you put oile of vitrioll or aqua fortis into the hole of the eaten tooth or else if you burne the tooth it selfe to the roote with a small iron wyar being red hot you shall thrust this hot iron through a pipe or cane made for the same purpose lest it should harm any sound part by the touch therof and thus the putrefaction the cause of the arrosion may be stayed But if the hole bee on the one side between two teeth then shall you file away so much of the sound tooth as that you may have sufficient liberty to thrust in your wiar without doing any harme The formes of Files made for filing the teeth Wormes breeding by putrefaction in the roots of the teeth shall be killed by the use of causticks by gargles or lotions made of vinegar wherein either pellitory of Spain hath bin steeped or Treacle dissolved also Aloes and Garlike are good to be used for this purpose Setting the teeth on edge happens to them by the immoderate eating of acride or tart things or by the continuall ascent of vapours endued with the same quality from the orifice of the ventricle to the mouth or by a cold defluxion especially of acride phlegme falling from the braine upon the teeth or else by the too excessive use of cold or stupising liquors This affect is taken away if after generall medicines and shunning those things that cherish the disease the teeth bee often washed with aqua vitae or good wine wherein sage rosemary cloves nutmegs and other things of the like nature have bin boyled CHAP. XXVII Of drawing of teeth TEeth are drawne either for that they cause intolerable paines which will not yeeld to medicines or else for that they are rotten and hollowed so that they cause the breath to smell or else for that they infect the sound and whole teeth and draw them into the like corruption or because they stand out of order Besides when they are too deep and strongly rooted so that they cannot be plucked out they must oft times be broken of necessity that so you may drop some caustick thing into their roots which may take away the sense and consequently the paine The hand must be used with much moderation in the drawing out of a tooth for the Jaw is sometimes dislocated by the too violent drawing out of the lower teeth But the temples eyes and braine are shaken with greater danger by the too rude drawing of the upper teeth Wherefore they must first be cut about that the gums may be loosed from them then shake them with your fingers and doe this untill they begin to be loose for a tooth which is fast in and is plucked out with one pull oft-times breaks the jaw and brings forth the piece together therewith whence follow a feaver and a great fluxe of bloud not easily to be stayed for bloud or pus flowing out in great plenty is in Celsus opinion the sign of a broken bone many other maligne and deadly symptoms some have had their mouthes drawne so awry during the rest of their lives so that they could scarce gape Besides if the tooth be much eaten the hole thereof must be filled either with Lint or a corke or a piece of lead well fitted thereto lest it be broken under your forceps when it is twitched more straightly to be plucked out and the root remain ready in a short time to cause more grievous paine But judgement must be used and you must take speciall care lest you take a sound tooth for a pained one for oft-times the patient cannot tell for that the bitternesse of paine by neighbour-hood is equally diffused over all the jaw Therefore for the better plucking out a tooth observing these things which I have mentioned the patient shall be placed in a low seat bending back his head between the Tooth-drawers legs then the Tooth-drawer shall deeply scarifie about the tooth separating the gums therfrom with the instruments marked with this letter A. and then if spoyled as it were of the wall of the gums it grow loose it must be shaken and thrust out by forcing it with the three-pointed levatory noted with this letter B. but if it sticke in too fast and will not stirre at all then must the tooth be taken hold of with some of these toothed forcipes marked with these letters C. D. E. now one then another as the greatnesse figure and site shall seeme to require I would have a tooth-drawer expert and diligent in the use of such toothed mullets for unlesse one know readily and cunningly how to use them he can scarce so carry himself but that he will force out three teeth at once oft-times leaving that untoucht which caused the paine The effigies of Forcipes or mullets for the drawing of teeth Instruments for scraping the teeth and a three-pointed levatory The forme of another Instrument for drawing of teeth After the tooth is drawn let the blood flow freely that so the part may be freed from pain and the matter of the tumor discharged Then let the tooth-drawer presse the flesh of the gums on both sides with his fingers whereas hee tooke out the tooth that so the socket that was too much dilated and oft times torne by
too short it cannot cover the glans This happens either by nature to wit by the first conformation or afterwards by some accident as to those whom religion and the custome of their nation bids to be circumcised The cure is thus The Praepuce is turned up and then the inner membrane thereof is cut round and great care is had that the veine and artery which are there betweene the two membranes of the Praepuce be not cut in sunder Hence it is drawn downward by extension untill it cover the glans a deficcative emplaster being first put between it and the glans lest they should grow together Then a pipe being first put into the urinary passage the praepuce shall be there bound untill the incision be cicatrized This cure is used to the Jewes when having abjured their religion full of superstitions for handsomnesse sake they would cover the nut of their yard with a praepuce and so recover their cut off skinne CHAP. XXXII Of Phymosis and Paraphymosis that is so great a constriction of the praepuce about the Glans or Nut that it cannot be bared or uncovered at Pleasure THe prepuce is straitened about the Glans two waies for it either covers the whole nut so straitly encompasses the end therof that it cannot be drawne upwards and consequently the nut cannot be uncovered or else it leaves the Glans bare under it being fastened so stiffely to the roots thereof that it cannot bee turned up nor drawn down or over the Glans The first manner of constriction is termed Phymosis the latter Paraphymosis The Phymosis happens either by the fault of the first conformation or else by a scarre through which occasion the praepuce hath growne lesser as by the growing of warts Now Paraphymosis is often occasioned by the inflammation of the yard by impure copulation for hence ulcers breed betweene the praepuce and Glans with swelling and so great inflammation that the praepuce cannot bee turned backe Whence it is that they cannot bee handled and cured as you would and a gangrene of the part may follow which may by the contagion bring death to all the body unless it be hindred prevented by amputation but if a scar be the cause of the constriction of the praepuce the patient being plac'd in a convenient site let the praepuce be drawne forth and extended and as much as may be stretched and enlarged then let the scarre be gently cut in three or foure places on the inner side with a crooked knife but so that the gashes come not to the outside and let them be an equall distance each from other But if a fleshy excrescence or a wart shall be the occasion of this straitnesse and constriction it shall be consumed by the same remedies by which the warts of the wombe and yard are consumed or taken off But when as the praepuce doth closely adhere to the Glans on every side the cure is not to be hoped for much lesse to be attempted CHAP. XXXIII Of those whose Glans is not rightly perforated and of the too short or strait ligament bridle or Cord of the yard SOme at their birth by evill conformation have not their Glans perforated in the middle but have only a small hole underneath toward the bridle ligament of the yard called the cord Which is the cause that they do not make water in a strait line unlesse they turn up their yard toward their belly neither by the same reason can they beget children because through this fault of conformation the seed is hindred from being cast directly into the wombe The cure is wholly chirurgicall and is thus performed The praepuce is taken hold of and extended with the left hand but with the right hand the extremity thereof with the end of the Glans is cut even to that hole which is underneath But such as have the bridle or ligament of the yard too short so that the yard cannot stand straight but crooked and as it were turned downewards in these also the generation of children is hindred because the seed cannot be cast directly and plentifully into the wombe Therefore this ligament must be cut with much de xterity and the wound cured after the manner of other wounds having regard to the part Children also are sometimes borne into the world with their fundaments unperforated for a skinne preternaturally covering the part hinders the passage forth of the excrements those must have a passage made by art with an instrument for so at length the excrements will come forth yet I have found by experience that such children are not naturally long lived neither to live many dayes after such section CHAP. XXXIV Of the causes of the stone THE stones which are in the bladder have for the most part had their first originall in the reines or kidneys to wit falling down from thence by the ureters into the bladder The cause of these is twofold that is materiall and efficient Grosse tough and viscide humours which crudities produce by the distempers of the bowels and immoderate exercises chiefly immediately after meat yeeld matter for the stone whence it is that children are more subject to this disease than those of other ages But the efficient cause is either the immoderate heate of the kidneys by meanes whereof the subtler part of the humors is resolved but the grosser and more earthy subsides and is hardened as we see bricks hardened by the sun and fire or the more remisse heat of the bladder sufficient to bake into a stone the faces or dregges of the urine gathered in great plenty in the capacity of the bladder The straightnesse of the ureters and urenary passage may be accounted as an assistant cause For by this meanes the thinner portion of the urine floweth forth but that which is more feculent and muddy being stayed behind groweth as by scaile upon scaile by addition and collection of new matter into a stony masse And as a weeke often-times dipped by the Chandler into melted tallow by the copious adhesion of the tallowy substance presently becomes a large candle thus the more grosse and viscide faeces of the urine stay as it were at the barres of the gathered gravell and by their continuall appulse are at length wrought and fashioned into a true stone CHAP. XXXV Of the signes of the stone of the Kidneys and bladder THE signes of the stone in the reines are the subsiding of red or yellow sand in the urine a certaine obscure itching at the kidneys and the sense of a weight or heavinesse at the loynes a sharp and pricking paine in moving or bending the body a numnesse of the thigh of the same side by reason of the compression caused by the stone of the nerves discending out of the vertebrae of the loynes of the thigh But when the stone is in the bladder the fundament and whole perinaeum is
suppression of the urine Therefore then the patient shall be placed upon his backe and his legs being lifted up on high he shall be shaken and tossed up and downe just as one would shake up a sacke to fill it for thus it is forced back into the bladder from whence it came from the passage of the urine whereinto it was got yet it may also bee forced backe by thrusting in a Cathaeter The paine which afflicteth such as have the stone is some whiles continuall yet more frequently it commeth by fits and returnes sometimes monethly other whiles yearely Such as have the stone in the kidnies make for the most part waterish urine Women are not so subject to the stone as men for they have the neck of their bladder more short and broad as also more straight wherefore the matter of the stone by reason of the shortnesse of the passage is evacuated in gravell before it can be gathered and grow into a stone of a just magnitude yet stones breed in some women and those equally as big as in men and therefore they are to be cured by section and the like remedies When the stone exceedeth the bignesse of an egge it can scarce be taken away without the tearing of the bladder whence happeneth an unvoluntary shedding of the water curable by no art because the bladder seeing it is nervous and without bloud being once torne admitteth no consolidation adde hereto that inflammation and a gangrene often following the rending of the bladder bring inevitable death The patient runs the same hazzard if along stone be pulled out sidewise with your instrument or if it be inclosed in a membrain which kind of stone can scace be found with a Cathaeter and so bee fastened to the bladder or otherwise if the stone it selfe bee fastened into the substance of the bladder or lastly if by any chance the Surgeon being about to plucke out the stone shall hurt the body of the bladder with his instruments Yet stones of an indifferent bigness are more safly extracted out of the bladder than those which are lesse and the patient more frequently and happily recovereth For they doe not scape from the instrument and the patient being used a long while to endure pain as that which hath been a long time a growing doth more easily and constantly away with the inflammation paine and other symptomes which happen after cutting yea in cutting Having thus spoken of the causes signs places symptomes and prognosticks we must come to the cure beginning with that part which is termed Prophylactice that is the preventing part CHAP. XXXVII What cure is to be used when we feare the stone DIet must first bee appointed which by the convenient use of the sixe things not naturall as they terme them may heape up small store of grosse tough and viscide humours in our bodies Therefore cold and cloudy aire is to be shunned They must abstaine from fish beefe porke water-foule pulse cheese milke meates fryed and hard egges rice cakes and all pastry unleavened bread and lastly all manner of obstructing meats Also garlike onions leeks mustard spices lastly all things which overheat the bloud and humors must be shunned especially if you feare that the stone is concrete by the heat of the reines Standing and muddy waters thicke and troubled wines beare and such kind of liquors must be eschewed Saciety in meats and drinks is to be shunned as that which breeds crudities Also long watching and continuall labour because they inflame the bloud cause crudities and preternaturall heat must carefully be eschewed as also all more vehement passions of the minde If the body be plethoricke then it must bee evacuated by phlebotomie purging and vomiting which is accounted for a singular remedy for the prevention of this disease For the performance of all which things a Physician shall be consulted But because Physicians are not in every place and alwaies at hand I have thought good to set downe these following medicines yet we must first remember this counsell of Galen The use of diureticks and strong purging medicines is hurtfull as often as there is inflammation in the reines and bladder for so the confluxe of the humors to the affected parts is the greater whence the inflammation and paine are increased Wherefore first using relaxing medicines as sixe drams of Cassia newly drawne with ℈ iv of Rubarbe in powder mixed therewith then lenitive and refrigerating medicines shall bee inwardly and outwardly used such as is this following syrupe â„ž summitatum malv. bismal violar an m. ss rad alth â„¥ i. glycyr â„¥ ss 4. sem frigid major an Ê’i fià t decoctio â„ž pradict decoctionis lb. ss in colatura dissolve sacch albiss â„¥ ii mellis albi â„¥ iss fiat syrupus secund artem let the patient use this often This following apozeme is also very effectual for the same purpose â„ž rad aspar gramin polyp quercini passul mund an â„¥ ss betonic herniar agrimon omnium capill pimpinell an m. ss 4. sem frigid major sem fâ—nic an Ê’i folior sen Ê’vi fiat decoct ad lb. ss incolatura dissolve syrupi de Althâ—â— de â—erniar an â„¥ iss Make a cleare apozeme and let it be aromatized with a little cinamon for two doses let him take the first dosis in the morning two houres before meat and the other at foure of the clock in the afternoone Moreover this following broth hath an excellent and certain power to prevent the stone â„ž hordei integr p. i. radic petroselini acetos foenicul cichor brusci an â„¥ i. 4. sem frigidorum conquassatorum an â„¥ ss fol. acetos portul lactucae summitatum malvae violar an m. ss bulliant in aqua fluviatili cum gallo gallinaceo crure vitulino let the broth bee kept and let the Patient take thereof sixe ounces for foure daies in the morning two houres before meat with an ounce of the juice of Citrons gently warmed with the same broth at the time of the taking thereof for thus much urine will be made in a short while after full of a sandy sediment and a grosse viscide humour Whereby you may certainly gather that this kind of broth is very effectuall to cleanse the passages of the urine neither in the interim doth it any harme to the stomacke and other parts by which it passeth so that it may be rightly esteemed a medicinall nourishment You may also profitably use this following powder â„ž nucleorum mespilorum â„¥ i. pul elect diamarg. frig Ê’ii 4. sem frigid majorum mund glycyrhizae rasae Ê’i sem saxifrag Ê’ii sem milii solis genist pimpinel brusci asparag an ℈ i. sem altheae Ê’iss succh albiss â„¥ vi fiat pulvis let him take a spoon full in the morning three houres before meat Also some thinke that lye made of the stalkes and huskes of beanes is a good preservative against this disease Besides the use of
for that the kidneyes seeing they are of a fleshy substance doe farre better ripen and digest the purulent matter than the bladder which is nervous and bloodlesse CHAP. LIII Of the signes of the ulcerated Bladder ULCERS are in the bottome of the bladder and the necke thereof The signes of an ulcer in the bladder are a deepe paine at the sharebones the great stinch of the matter flowing therefrom white and thin skins swimming up and downe in the water But when the ulcer possesseth the necke of the bladder the paine is more gentle neither doth it trouble before the patient come to make water but in the very making thereof and a little while after But it is common both to the one and the other that the yard is extended in making of water to wit by reason of the paine caused by the urine fretting of the ulcerated part in the passage by neither is the matter seen mixed with the urine as is usuall in an ulcer of the upper parts because it is powred forth not together with the urine but after it CHAP. LIV. Prognosticks of the ulcerated Reines and Bladder ULCERS of the kidneies are more easily and readily healed than those of the bladder for fleshy parts more speedily heale and knit than bloodlesse and nervous parts Ulcers which are in the bottom of the bladder are uncurable or certainely most difficult to heale for besides that they are in a bloodlesse part they are daily vellicated and exasperated by the continuall affluxe of the contained urine for all the urine is never evacuated now that which remaines after making water becomes more acride by the distemper and heat of the part for that the bladder is alwaies gathered about it dilated straitned according to the quantity of the conteined urine therfore in the Ischuria that is the suppression or difficulty of making water you may somtimes see a quart of water made at once Those which have their legs fall away having an ulcer in their bladder are near their deaths Ulcers arising in these parts unlesse they be consolidated in a short time remaine uncureable CHAP. LV. What cure must be used in the suppression of the Urine IN curing the suppression of the urine the indication must be taken from the nature of the disease and cause thereof if it bee yet present or not But the diversity of the parts by which being hurt the Ischuria happens intimates the variety of medicines neither must we presently run to diuretickes and things breaking the stone which many Empericks doe For hence grievous and maligne symptomes often arise especially if this suppression proceed from an acride humour or blood pressed out by a bruise immoderate venery and all more vehement exercise a hot and acride potion as of Cantharides by too long abstaining from making water by a Phlegmon or ulcer of the urenary parts For thus the paine and inflammation are encreased whence followes a gangrene at length death Wherfore attempt nothing in this case without the advice of a Physitian no not when you must come to Surgery For â—iureticks can scarce have place in another case than when the urenary passages are obstructed by gravell or a grosse and viscide humour or else in some cold countrey or in the application of Narcoticks to the loines although we must not here use these before we have first made use of generall medicines now Diuretickes may be administred sundry waies as hereafter shall appeare â„ž agrimon urtic. parietar surculos rubros habentis an m. i. rad asparag mundat â„¥ iiii gran alkekengi nu xx sem malvae â„¥ ss rad acor â„¥ i. bulliant omnia simul in sex libris aquae dulcis ad tertias deinde coletur Let the patient take â„¥ iiii hereof with â„¥ i. of sugar candy and drinke it warme fasting in a morning three houres before meat Thirty or forty Ivie berries beaten in white wine and given the patient to drink some two houres before meate are good for the same purpose Also Ê’i of nettle seeds made into fine pouder and drunke in chicken broth is good for the same purpose A decoction also of Grummell Goats saxifrage pellitory of the wall white saxifrage the rootes of parsley asparagus acorus bruscus and orris drunke in the quantity of some three or foure ounces is profitable also for the same purpose Yet this following water is commended above the rest to provoke urine open the passages thereof from what cause soever the stoppage thereof proceed â„ž radic osmund regal cyp bismal gram petrosel foenic. an â„¥ ii raph crassior intaleol â„¥ iiii macerentur per noctem in aceto albo acerrimo bulliant postea in aquae fluvialis lb. x. saxifrag crist marin rub tinct milii solis summitat malvae bismal an p. ii berul cicer rub an p. i. sem melon citrul an â„¥ ii ss alkekengi gra xx glycyrhiz â„¥ i. bulliant omnia simul ad tertias in colatura infunde per noctem fol. sen oriental lb. ss fiat iterum parva ebullitio in expressione colata infunde cinam elect Ê’vi colentur iterum colatura injiciatur in alembicum vitreum postea tereb venet lucid lb ii aq vitae â„¥ vi agitentur omnia simul diligentissime Lutetur alembicum luto sapientiae fiat destillatio lento igne in balneo mariae Use it after the following manner â„ž aq stillatitiae prescriptae â„¥ ii aut iii. According to the operation which it shall performe let the patient take it foure houres before meat Also raddish water destilled in balneo mariae is given in the quantity of â„¥ iiii with sugar and that with good successe Bathes and semicupia or halfe bathes artificially made relaxe soften dilate and open all the body therefore the prescribed diuretickes mixed with halfe a dram of Treacle may be fitly given at the going forth of the bath These medicines following are judged fit to cleanse the ulcers of the kidneyes and bladder Syrupe of maiden haire of roses taken in the quantity of â„¥ i. with hydromel or barly water Asses or Goats milke are also much commended in this affect because they cleanse the ulcers by their ferous or whayish portion and agglutinate by their cheeselike They must bee taken warme from the dugge with honey of roses or a little salt lest they corrupt in the stomacke and that to the quantity of foure ounces drinking or eating nothing presently upon it The following Trochisces are also good for the same purpose â„ž quatuor sem frigid major seminis papaveris albi portulac plantag cydon myrtil gum tragacanth et arub pinear. glycyrrhi mund hordei mund mucag. psilii amygdal dulcium an â„¥ i. boli armen sanguin dracon spodii rosar mastich terra sigil myrrhae an â„¥ ii cum oxymelite conficiantur secundum artem trochisci Let the patient take Ê’ss dissolved in whay ptisan barly water and the like they may also be profitably dissolved
the bitterness of their paine because the internall heat wherewith they then are inflamed doth not dissipate into spirits and aire as the feaverish heat doth but dissolves and as it were melts downe the seminall humour which dissolved flowes to the genitalls filleth and distends them The same thing befalls carryage and running horses for in these by labour much heat sends flatulencies to the bottome of the belly Yet venery is very hurtfull to such as are troubled with the gout because it dissipates the spirits and native heate and encreaseth the unnaturall heat whereby it commeth to passe that the nervous parts are weakened and the paine exaâ—perated Rich men that is such as feed riotously on variety of dainties and in the meane space live idlely and lazily are more frequently and cruelly tormented with the gout than poore people who live sparingly and hardly Wherefore there have been seene not a few of such rich and riotous persons who having spent their estates have therewith changed their health together with their fortune and diet and so have been wholly freed from the gout CHAP. IX The generall method of preventing and curing the Gout THose who desire to prevent the gout must not glut themselves with meat must be quick to labour and abstaine from wine and Venery or certainly must not use them unlesse for their healths sake must vomit and purge at certaine times Hippocrates writes that boyes are not troubled with the gout before the use of venery Yet at this day many Eunuches are seene to have the gout but especially those who abound with idlenesse and pleasure yet these we have heretofore mentioned are very effectuall not onely for the prevention but also for the cure of the present disease Yet wee must diligently distinguish the causes what they be whence they may proceed oppose thereto remedies contrary in quantity and quality There are absolutely three distinct causes of the gout A tainture from the parents a corruption of the humours by diet and aire a native or adventitious weakenesse of the joints Against these there is a twofold indication the first is the evacuation and alteration of the peccant humours the other the strengthening of the weake joints These two shall be performed by diet conveniently appointed purging blood-letting provocation of the haemorrhoids courses vomit sweat urine and fit application of locall medicines Therefore when the time shall come wherein the gout accustometh to returne by course the patient shall have a care of himselfe by a diligent manner of diet hee shall lessen the matter of the disease by phlebotomie if that the gout shall arise from the blood from the opposite part that by the same meanes revulsion and evacuation may bee made as if the upper parts bee inslamed blood shall bee drawne from the lower if on the contrary the lower out of the upper alwayes observing the streightnesse of the fibres Thus the right arme being troubled with a gouty inflammation the Sapheia of the right legge shall bee opened and so on the contrary but if this generall blood-letting being premised the paine shall not cease it will be requisite to open the veine next to the paine which I have often performed with happy successe Yet phlebotomiâ— hath not the like effect in all for it is not availeable to such as are continually and uncertainly troubled with gouty paines or whose bodies are weake and cold wherein phlegme onely is predominant Wee may say the same of purging for though it bee oft-times necessary yet too frequently re-iterated it proves hurtfull futhermore neither of these remedies is usually very profitable to such as observe no order in meate and drinke which use Venery too intemperately who abound with crude and contumacious humours whose joynts by long vexation of the disease have contracted a hectick distemper and weakenesse so that they are departed from their naturall constitution and suffered a great change of their proper substance Wherefore as often as these greater remedies shall be used a Physician shall be called who according to his judgement may determine thereof For oft-times diet proveth more availeable than medicines therefore the Patient if the matter of the gout bee hot shall either drinke no wine at all or else very much allayed that is as much as his custome and the constitution of his stomacke can endure A fit time for purging and bleeding is the Spring and Autumne because according to the opinion of Hyppocrates gouts reigne chiefely in these seasons in Autumne for that the heate of the precedent Summer debilitareth the digestive faculty the native heate being dissipared as also the eating of Summer fruits hath heaped up plenty of crude humours in the body which easily flow downe into the passages of the joynts opened and dilated by the Summers heate adde hereunto that the inequality or variablenesse of Autumne weakeneth all the nervous parts and consequently the joynts But in the Spring for that the humours forced inwards by the coldnesse of the winter are drawn forth from the center to the circumference of the body and being attenuated fall into the joints upon a very small occasion Therefore there is great both necessity and opportunity for evacuation which if it shall not avert the accustomed fit yet it will make it more gentle and easie CHAP. X. Of Vomiting VOmiting is by all the Ancients exceedingly commended not onely for the prevention but also for the cure especially when as the matter floweth from the braine and stomacke for the phlegmatick serous and cholericke humours which usually flow from the joints are excluded and diverted by vomit and also there is attenuation of that phlegme which being more thicke and viscide adhereth to the roots of the stomack yet you must consider and see that the patient bee not of too weake a stomacke and braine for in this case vomiting is to bee suspected For the time such as have excrementitious humours flowing downe to the stomack through any occasion as by exercise and motion must vomit before they eate on the contrary such as are overcharged with an old congestion of humours must vomit after they have eaten something Certainly it is safer vomiting after meat then it is before For the dry stomacke cannot unlesse with great contention and straining free it selfe from the viscide humours impact in the coats thereof and hence there is no small danger of breaking a veine or artery in the Chest or Lungs especially if the patient bee strait chested and long necked the season cold and hee unaccustomed to such evacuation I remember that with this kind of remedy I cured a certaine Gentleman of Geneva grievously molested with a cruell pain in his shoulder and thereby impotent to use his left arme the Physicians and Surgeons of Lions seemed to omit nothing else for his cure For they had used purging phlebotomie hunger a Diet drinke of Gudiacum and China although his disease was not
on the contrary a flatulent spirit lifts it up as it were by renitency as if one should thrust a pair of bellows which are filled with wind hence the part cannot performe its duty for that the spaces of the joints are possessed with aboundance of flatulencies so that the liberty of motion is intercepted and the member is kept as it were bound up Many no very skillfull Surgeons putting their fingers to these kind of tumours so that lifting up the one they presse down the other when as they perceive the flatulency as it were rising betweene their fingers supposing it to bee the motion of pus or matter already generated and flowing up and downe as is usual in impostumes they have opened it by incision but when as nothing flowed forth it appeared how much they were deceived yet in the interim by this their rashnesse they have caused many dangerous symptomes as encrease of pain defluxion of humours by force whereof the bones have beene dislocated and brought to the patient an uncurable lamenesse But these flatulent gouts are seldome without some phlegmatick matter which is neither too crude nor viscide Such like flatulencies are not easily discussed nor at the first endeavour by reason of a cold distemper which they bring to the part and the density of the membranes and ligaments by which the articulation is knit and fastened so that scarce any part of that which is there shut up can breath forth of such strait passages Therefore the cure must be undertaken with resolving discussing and drying fomentations as for example with a decoction of fennell aniseeds rue chamornill melilote sage rosemary origanum calamints horehound and the like boyled in wine with a little Lye rose vinegar and common salt This following ointment shall bee used after the fomentation â„ž olei chamoem aneth rut â—auri an â„¥ ii cum cera alba fiat linimentum addendo aq vitae parum After you have anointed it apply thereto this following cataplasme â„ž flor cham melil aneth ros rub pulv an m i. fol. malv. absinth an m ss furfur m i. bulliant omnia simul cum lixivio vinorubre deinde pistentur cum medulla panis farina fabarum quantum sufficit fiat cataplasma addendo ol rosar myrtin an â„¥ ii Some highly approve of this following medicine for the wasting of flatulencies â„ž axun suil â„¥ iv calcis vivae â„¥ i ss terantur diligenter in mortario incorporata applicentur Or else â„ž stercor caprar cocti cum vino aceto an lb. ss tereb venet mell com an â„¥ ii aq vitae â„¥ ss pul rad lreos florent sabin an â„¥ iii. olei rut aneth an â„¥ i. farin fabarum quantum sufficit Make a cataplasme to the forme of a pultis Also stoupes dipped in oxycrate and wrung out shall be applyed in this oxycrate shall be boyled wormewood origanum chamomill melilote rue common salt adding thereto some aqua vitae Then the part shall be bound up as strait as the patient can endure it in conclusion that the native strenght may by little and little bee restored to the part it shall be fomented with Lye made of the ashes of Oake-wood and the cuttings of vines wherein shall be boyled salt sulphur choise alome and wetting linnen cloaths or stoups therein and applying them it shall be straitly swathed up Yet if great pain shall more cruelly vexe the part then neglecting for a time the proper cure of the disease you shall withstand the symptome by rubbing the part and anointing it with some discussing oile laying thereon some moist wooll other anodyne things CHAP. XXII Of the Ischias Hip-gout or Sciatica FOR that the hip-gout in the greatnesse of the causes bitternesse of pain and vehemency of other symptomes easily exceeds the other kindes of Gout therefore I have thought good to treate thereof in particular The pain of the Sciatica is therefore the most bitter and the symptomes most violent for that the dearticulation of the huckle bone with the head of the Thigh bone is more deepe than the rest because also the phlegmaticke humour which causeth it is commonly more plenteous cold grosse and viscid that flowes down into this joint and lastly because the Sciatica commonly succeeds some other chronicall disease by reason of the translation and falling down thither of the matter become maligne and corrupt by the long continuance of the former disease But the paine not onely troubles the hippe but entering deepe is extended to the muscles of the buttockes the groines knees and very ends of the toes yea often times it vexeth the patient with a sense of paine in the very vertebrae of the loines so that it makes the patients and also oft times the very Physitians and Surgeons to thinke it the wind or stone Collicke The cause of such wandering and dispersed paine is to bee referred to the manifold distribution of the nerves which come to that joint from the loines and holy-bone for they are sent into the muscles of the buttockes and so dispersed over the whole legge to the very ends of the toes as it is shewed in our Anatomy Therefore the paine is largely extended that is to what part soever a nerve runs which comes from the affected Hippe Often times there is no swelling no rednesse nor distemper manifest to the eye by reason that the veines are very few which rise into the surface and skinne of this part and the humour lyes as it were sunke in which is the cause that divers times the excrementitious humours mixed with statulencie runne so violently into the cavity of this joint that relaxing the ligaments as well proper as common the head of the thigh-bone is easily driven out from hence so that it may never be restored again if it remain so for any space of time for that in this time the humor falling down into this cavity by delay concretes as it were into a stony body and the head of the Thigh-bone weares it selfe another cavity in the neighbouring bone but the lips of the true cavity which are gristly become more streit and deprest and lastly all the ligamentous bodies moistened with this excrementitious humour become more loose and weake whence succeed many and most grievous symptoms as lamenesse the decay not only of the thigh leg but at length of the whole body and lastly a slow and hectick feaver which in continuance of time will consume the patient for the causes formerly mentioned Therfore let Physitians and Surgeons have a care that they resist it at the first and with such powerfull remedies as are mentioned in the following chapter hinder the springing up and growth of the formerly mentioned symptomes CHAP. XXIII The cure of the Sciatica THough the Sciatica bee commonly occasioned by tough phlegme yet if the patient be strong and abound with blood and all things else consent it shall bee good to draw
bee propagated and sent by the veines arteries and nerves to the noble parts whose malignity a strong liver not enduring by the strength of the naturall expulsive facultie will send it into the groines whereon follow Abscesses therefore called venereall Bubo's These if they returne in againe and cast not forth matter by being opened they will by their falling back into the veins and arteries infect the masse of the bloud by the like tainture thence will ensue the Lues venerea Yet this disease may be got by a more occult manner of touch as by breathing only For it is not altogether besides reason and experience that a woman long troubled with this disease may by importunate and often kissing transfuse malignity into a child for the tender and soft substance of a little childe may bee altered infected and by little and little corrupted by receiving of filthy and in their whole kinde maligne vapours For it is knowne and now vulgarly believed that mid-wives by receiving the child of a woman infected with this disease to have got this affect the malignity being taken and drawne into their bodies through the pores of their hands by the passages of the veines and arteries Neither doth it spare any condition sexe nor age of men for not onely whosoever use copulation but such as onély lye with them may bee taken by this virulencie yea verily if they onely lye in the sheets or coverings which retaine his sweat or the virulencie cast forth by an ulcer The same danger may assaile those who shall drinke in the same vessell after such as are troubled with this disease For by the impure touch of their lips they leave a virulent saâ—ies and spittle upon the edges of the cup which is no lesse contagious in its kinde than the virulencie of leprous persons or the some of madde dogs Wherefore it is no marvell if children nursed by an infected nurse draw in the seeds of this disease together with the milk which is only bloud whitened in the breasts or infected sucking children by their hot and ulcerated mouthes may trans-fuse this malignity into the body of the nurse by the rare loose and porous substance of the dugs which it frequently sucketh This following history is very memorable to this purpose A certaine very good Citizen of this Citie of Paris granted to his wife being a very chaste woman that conditionally shee should nurse her owne child of which shee was lately delivered shee should have a nurse in the house to ease her of some part of the labour by ill hap the nurse they tooke was troubled with this disease wherefore shee presently infected the childe the child the mother the mother her husband and hee two of his children who frequently accompanied him at bed and board being ignorant of that malignity wherewith hee was inwardly tainted In the meane while the mother when shee observed that her nurse childe came not forward but cryed almost perpetually shee asked my counsell to tell her the cause of the disease which was not hard to bee done for the wholebody thereof was replenished with venereall scabs and pustles the hired nurses and the mothers nipples were eaten in with virulent ulcers also the fathers and the two other childrens bodies whereof the one was three the other foure yeares old were troubled with the like pustles and scabs I told them that they had all the Lues venerea which tooke its originall and first off-spring by maligne contagion from the hired nurse I had them in cure and by Gods helpe healed them all except the sucking child which died in the cure But the hired nurse was soundly lashed in the prison and should have beene whipped through all the streets of the Citie but that the magistrate had a care to preserve the credite of the unfortunate family CHAP. III. In what humour the malignity of the Lues venerea resides THough in the opinion of many the antecedent cause of this disease be the masse of bloud conteining the foure humours yet I had rather place the matter and primary and chief seat thereof in grosse and viscide phlegme infected with the maligne quality of the venereous venome and from this beginning and foundation I thinke by a certaine contagious growth it sooner or later infects the other humours as each of them is disposed or apt to suffer Of which my opinion there are many arguments but this chiefely That by the evacuation of a phlegmaticke humour whether by the mouth and salivation or by stoole urine or sweate in men of what temper soever whether cholerick sanguine or melancholy the disease is helped or cured Secondly for that the excesse of paine is more by night than by day because then the phlegme bearing sway severs the perioâ—tium from the bone or else offends it and the rest of the membranous and nervous bodies by the acrimony of its malignity Thirdly because the patients are hurt by the use of cold things but usually finde benefit by hot medicines whither they bee oyntments plasters fumigations or whatsoever else inwardly taken or out-wardly applyed Fourthly for that in venereous pustles there is found a certaine hardnesse at the roote though outwardly they make shew of choler or bloud For being opened you shall finde them stuffed with a certaine plaster-like and â—ophous matter or else with tough phlegme or viscous pus whence arise these hard tophi or bony excressences upon the bones if not from phlegmaticke humours there heaped up and concrete Fifthly for that the spermaticke and cold parts doe primarily and principally feele the harme of this disease Sixtly for that the ulcers which over-spread the body by meanes of this disease admit of no cure unlesse you first cause sweats Therefore if the matter of the disease and such ulcers as accompany it were hot and dry it would grow worse and be rather increased by a decoction of Guajacum the roots of China or sarsaparilla Seventhly because oft-times this disease the seede thereof being taken or drawne into the body so lyeth hid for the space of a yeare that it shewes no signe thereof which happens not in diseases proceeding from an hot matter which causeth quick and violent motions By this it appeareth that the basis and foundation of the Lues venerea is placed or seated in a phlegmatick humour yet may I not deny but that other humours confused therewith may be also in fault and defiled with the like contagion For there are scarce any tumours which proceed from a simple humour and that of one kinde but as in tumours so here the denomination is to be taken from that humour which carryeth the chiefe sway CHAP. IIII. Of the signes of the Lues Venerea WHen the Lues venerea is lately taken maligne ulcers appeare in the privities swellings in the groines a virulent strangury runneth oft-times with filthy sanies which proceeds either from the prostata or the ulcers of the urethra the
patient is troubled with paines in his joynts head and shoulders and as it were breakings of his armes legges and all his members they are weary without a cause so that neither the foot nor hand can easily performe his duty their mouths are inflamed a swelling troubles their throats which takes away their freedom of speaking swallowing yea of their very spittle pustles rise over all their bodies but chiefly certaine garlands of them engirt their temples and heads the shedding or losse of the haire disgraceth the head and chin and leanenesse deformeth the rest of the body yet all of these use not to appeare in all bodies but some of them in some But the most certaine signes of this disease are a callous ulcer in the privities hard and ill conditioned and this same is judged to have the same force in a prognosticke if after it be cicatrized it retaine the same callous hardnesse the Bubo's or swellings in the groines to returne backe into the body without comming to suppuration or other manifest cause these two signes if they concurre in the same patient you may judge or foretell that the Lues venerea is either present or at hand yet this disease happeneth to many without the concourse of these two signes which also bewrayeth it selfe by other manifest signes as ulcers and pustles in the rest of the body rebellious against medicines though powerfull and discreetely applyed unlesse the whole body bee annoynted with Argentum vivum But when as the disease becommeth inveterate many become impotent to venery and the malignity and number of the symptomes encrease their paines remaine fixed and stable very hard and knotted tophi grow upon the bones and oft-times they become rotten and foule as also the hands and feete by the corruption of salt phlegme are troubled with chops or clefts and their heads are seazed upon by an ophiasis and alopecia whitish tumours with roots deepe fastned in arise in sundry parts of the body filled with a matter like the meate of a chesnut or like a tendon if they be opened they degenerate into divers ulcers as putride eating and other such according to the nature and condition of the affected bodies But why the paines are more grievous on the night season this may bee added to the true reason wee rendred in the precedent Chapter first for that the venereous virulencie lying as it were asleepe is stirred up and enraged by the warmenesse of the bed and coverings thereof Secondly by reason of the patients thoughts which on the night season are wholly turned and fixed upon the onely object of paine CHAP. V. Of Prognosticks IF the disease be lately taken associated by a few symptomes as with some small number of pustles and little wandring paines and the body besides bee young and in good case and the constitution of the season bee good and favourable as the spring then the cure is easie and may bee happily performed But on the contrary that which is inveterate and enraged by the fellowship of many and maligne symptomes as a fixed paine of the head knots and rottennesse of the bones ill natured ulcers in a body very much fallen away and weake and whereof the cure hath beene already sundry times undertaken by Empyricks but in vaine or else by learned Physicians but to whose remedies approved by reason and experience the malignity of the disease and the rebellious virulency hath refused to yeeld is to be thought uncurable especially if to these so many evils this bee added that the patient bee almost wasted with a consumption and hectick leanenesse by reason of the decay of the native moisture Wherefore you must onely attempt such by a palliative cure yet bee wary here in making your prognosticke for many have beene accounted in a desperate case who have recovered for by the benefit of God and nature wonders oft-times happen in diseases Young men who are of a rare or laxe habit of body are more subject to this disease than such as are of a contrary habit and complexion For as not all who are conversant with such as have the Plague or live in a pestilent aire are alike affected so neither all who lye or accompany with such as have the Lues venerea are alike infected or tainted The paines of such as have this disease are farre different from the paines of the Gout For those of the Gout returne and torment by certaine periods and fits but the other are continuall and almost alwaies like themselves Gouty paines possesse the joynts and in these condense a plaster-like matter into knots but those of the Pocks are rather fastened in the middest of the bones and at length dissolve them by rottennesse and putrefaction Venereous ulcers which are upon the yarde are hard to cure but if being healed they shall remaine hard and callous they are signes of the disease lying hidde in the body Generally the Lues venerea which now reigneth is farre more milde and easie to bee cured than that which was in former times when as it first began amongst us besides each day it seemeth to bee milder than other Astrologers think the cause hereof to bee this for that the coelestiall influences which first brought in this disease in successe of time by the contrary revolutions of the Starres lose their power and become weake so that it may seeme somewhat likely that at length aftersome few yeares it may wholly cease no otherwise than the disease termed Mentagra which was very like this in many symptomes and troubled many of the Romans in the raigne of Tiberius and the Lichen which in the time of Claudius who succeeded Tiberius vexed not onely Italy but all Europe besides Yet Physicians had rather take to themselves the glory of this lesse raging disease and to referre it to the many and wholsome meanes which have beene invented used and opposed thereto by the most happy labours of noble wits CHAP. VI. How many and what meanes there are to oppugne this disease MAny sorts of remedies have beene found out by many to oppugne and overcome this disease Yet at this day there are onely foure which are principally used The first is by a decoction of Guajacum the second by unction the third by emplasters and the fourth by fumigation all of them by Hydrargyrum the first excepted Yet that is not sufficiently strong and powerfull for experience hath taught that the decoction of Guajacum hath not sufficient strength to extinguish the venome of the venereous virulency but onely to give it ease for a time for because it heates attenuates provokes sweate and urine wastes the excrementitious humours by drying them it seemeth to cure the disease for that thereupon for some time the paine and all other symptomes seeme more remisse but these endeavours are weake and deceitfull as whereby that only which is more subtle in the humours in fault is exhausted and dispersed by sweat But
part thereof much troubles and exerciseth the mindes of good Physitians and maketh the art conjecturall it is so farre from being attained to by Empericks Yet we must endeavour by method and reason that by the rule of indications so frequently mentioned we may attaine to the knowledge thereof as neare as may bee For to have perfect knowledge hereof and to say that those need only foure others five and other some sixe more or fewer frictions at the beginning which Emperickes commonly doe is a thing both impossible and vaine All these must bee changed and ordered according to the malignity and continuance of the disease and the condition of the affected bodies Verily wee must so long use frictions and unctions untill the virulent humours bee perfectly evacuated by spitting and salivation by stoole urine sweat or insensible transpiration Which you may understand by the falling away drying up of the pustles and ulcers and the ceasing of the paines and other symptomes proper to this disease In many by reason of the more dense and compact habite of the body nature is more slow in excretion Yet I have learnt by long experience that it is best to anoint and chafe such twice in a day to wit morning and evening sixe houres after meate For so you shall profit more in one day than by the single frictions of three dayes But on the contrary I have often and with good successe rubbed over but each other day more rare and delicate bodies giving them one or two dayes rest to recollect their strength which by the too much dissolution of their spirits becomming too weak were not sufficient to expell the relicks of the morbifick matter And certainly about the end of the appointed friction especially when as the patients begin to fluxe at the mouth the bodies together with the noxious humors are made so fluid by the means of the precedent frictions that one friction is then more efficacious than two were at the beginning Therefore as Galen bids when as the disease is great and the strength of the patient infirme that wee should part our blood-lettings and draw a little and a little at once so also here when as we shall observe nature stirred up and ready bent to any kinde of evacuation by the mouth stoole or other like you ought not to use any unction or friction oâ—â—ner than once in a day yea certainely it will bee better to intermit for some few dayes For thus Massa reports that there was a certaine man who almost wasted with a consumption being continually afflicted with the most grievous paines of this disease reputed in a desperate case by other physitians was notwithstanding at length recovered by him when as hee had anointed him thirty seven times putting sometime between for the recovery of his strength I my self have observed others who thus by the interposition of one or two dayes being rubbed over some fifteene or seventeene times have perfectly recovered Wherefore you must take this course in resolved and weake bodies yet in the interim must you have a care that the frictions bee not too weak and so few that the morbifick cause may not be touched to the quick for in this kinde of disease nature doth not of it selfe endeavour any Crisis or excretion it requires the auxiliary forces of medicines by whose assistance it may expell all the malignity These are signes of such a Crisis either at hand or already present if the patient be so restlesse so loath all things that hee cannot remaine in one place either standing or lying he can neither eat nor drinke if he be oppressed with a continuall wearinesse almost ready to swoune yet have a good and equall pulse and gripings in his belly afflict him with bloody viscous dejections untill at length nature after one or two dayes portion of the morbifick matter being spent be somwhat freed and all paines and symptomes so much abated as the excretions have proceeded But whereas medicines are not sufficient in number or strength there followes an unperfect Crisis which leaves behind it some relicks of the morbifick matter which like leven do so by little little infect the whole mass of the humors that oft-times after ten years space the disease riseth as out of an ambush or lurking hole and becomes farre worse than before But wee must in like maner have a care lest these medicines that are either given inwardly or applyed outwardly be not too strong for by causing such colliquation of the radicall moisture and solid parts many have been brought into an incurable consumption In others â—ordid and putride ulcers have thence arisen in the mouth which having eaten a great part of the pallate and tongue have degenerated into a deadly Cancer In others hereupon the tongue hath so swelled up that it hath filled the whole capacity of the mouth so that it could not be bended to any part of the mouth for chawing whereupon they have by little and little beene famished In other some there hath beene caused so great colliquation of humours that for a whole moneth after tough and filthy slaver hath continually flowed out of their mouths Other some have the muscles of their jawes relaxed others troubled with a convulsion so that during the rest of their lives they can scarce gape Others by losing a portion of their jaw have lost some of their teeth But you must not alwaies so long anoint and chafe the body untill a fluxe of the mouth or belly appeare For you may finde sundry persons who if you should anoint or rub them to death you cannot bring them to fluxe at the mouth yet these will recover notwithstanding excretion being made either by insensible transpiration or evacuation of urine or some gentle fluxe of the belly either procured by art or comming of it selfe In which case I have observed that many have received much good by a purging decoction of Guajacum administred according to the quantity of the peccant humor and given for some dayes in the morning adding thereto white wine if the body abounded with tough and viscide humours Dysenteryes or bloody-fluxes caused by unctions may be helped by Glysters wherein much hogs-grease is dissolved to rotund the acrimony caused by the medicine and humor which nourisheth the Dysentery Also new Treacle dissolved in new milke is thought wonderfully to mitigate this symptome CHAP. XIII Of the third manner of Cure which is performed by cerates and emplasters as the substitutes of unctions FOr that sundry by reason of the name abhorre the use of friction which is performed by the forementioned ointments therefore there is found out another manner of cure by cerates and emplasters as substitutes of Frictions but that usually is somewhat slower for which purpose it is not needfull onely to use the things which are described by Vigo but you may also devise other which are more or lesse anodyne emollient attenuating
bladder being inflamed and unmeasurably swelled Copulation and the use of acride or flatulent meates encrease this inflammation and also together therewith cause an Ischuria or stoppage of the urine they are worse at the change of the moone certaine death followes upon such a stoppage as I observed in a certaine man who troubled for ten yeares space with a virulent strangury at length dyed by the stoppage of his water He used to be taken with a stopping of his urine as often as he used any violent exercise and then he helped himself by putting up a silver Catheter which for that purpose he still carryed about him it happened on a certaine time that he could not thrust it up into his bladder wherefore he sent for me that I might helpe him to make water for which purpose when I had used all my skill it proved in vaine when he was dead and his body opened his bladder was found full and very much distended with urine but the prostatae preternaturally swelled ulcerated and full of matter resembling that which formerly used to run out of his yard whereby you may gather that this virulency flowes from the prostatae which runs forth of the yard in a virulent strangury and not from the Reines as many have imagined Certainely a virulent strangury if it be of any long continuance is to be judged a certaine particular Lues venerea so that it cannot bee cured unlesse by frictions with Hydrargyrum But the ulcers which possesse the neck of the bladder are easily discerned from these which are in the body or capacity thereof For in the latter the filth comes away as the patient makes water and is found mixed with the urine with certaine strings or membranous bodies comming forth in the urine to these may be added the farre greater stinch of this filth which issueth out of the capacity of the bladder Now must wee treat of the cure of both these diseases that is the Gonnorhâ—â— and virulent strangury but first of the former CHAP. XIX The chiefe heads of curing a Gonnorhoea LEt a Physitian be called who may give direction for purging bleeding and diet if the affect proceed from a fulnesse and abundance of blood and seminall matter all things shall bee shunned which breed more bloud in the body which increase seed and stirre to venery Wherefore he must abstaine from wine unlesse it be weak and astringent and he must not onely eschew familiarity with women but their very pictures and all things which may call them into his remembrance especially if he love them dearly strong exercises do good as the carrying of heavie burdens even until they sweat swimming in cold water little sleepe refrigerations of the loines and genitall parts by annoynting them with unguentum rosatum refrigerans Galeni nutritum putting thereupon a double cloth steeped in oxycrate and often renewed But if the resolution or weaknesse of the retentive faculty of these parts bee the cause of this disease contracted by too much use of venery before they arrive at an age fit to performe such exercise in this case strengthening and astringent things must both bee taken inwardly and applied outwardly But now I hasten to treat of the virulent strangurie which is more proper to my purpose CHAP. XX. The generall cure both of the scalding of the water and the virulent strangury WEe must diversly order the cure of this disease according to the variety of the causes and accidents thereof First care must be had of the diet and all such things shunned as inflame the bloud or cause windinesse of which nature are all diuretick and slatulent things as also strong and violent exercises Purging and bleeding are convenient especially if fulnesse cause the affect Womens companies must be shunned and thoughts of venereous matters the patient ought not to lye upon a soft bed but upon a quilt or matterice and never if he can helpe it upon his back boyled meats are better than roasted especially boyld with sorrel lettuce purslain cleansed barly the four cold seeds beaten for sauce let him use none unlesse the juice of an orange pomgranate or verjuice let him shun wine and in stead thereof use a decoction of barly and liquerice a hydromel or hydrosaccharum with a little cinamon or that which is termed Potus divinus In the morning let him sup of a barly creame wherein hath beene boyled a nodulus of the foure cold seedes beaten together with the seedes of white poppy for thus it refrigerateth mitigateth and cleanseth also the syrups of marsh-mallowes and maiden-haire are good Also purging the belly with halfe an ounce of Cassia sometimes alone otherwhiles with a dram or halfe a dram of Rubarbe in pouder put thereto is good And these following pils are also convenient â„ž massae piâ—ul sine quibus ℈ i. electiÊ’ss caphurae gr iiii cum terebinthina formenntur pilulâ— let them bee taken after the first sleep Venice turpentine alone or adding thereto some Rubarbe in pouder with oyle of sweet almonds newly drawne without fire or some syrupe of maiden-hair is a singular medicine in this case for it hath an excellent lenitive and cleansing faculty as also to helpe forwards the expulsive facultie to cast forth the virulent matter contained in the prostatae You may by the bitternesse perceive how it resists putrefaction and you may gather how it performes its office in the reines and urenary parts by the smell it leaves in the urine after the use thereof But if there bee any who cannot take it in forme of a bole you may easily make it potable by dissolving it in a mortar with the yolk of an egge and some white wine as I learned of a certaine Apothecary who kept it as a great secret If the disease come by inanition or emptinesse it shall be helped by fatty injections oily and emollient potions and inwardly taking and applying these things which have the like faculty and shunning these things which caused the disease How to cure that which happens by contagion or unpure copulation it shall bee abundantly shewed in the ensuing chapter CHAP. XXI The proper cure of a virulent strangury FIRST we must begin with the mitigation of paine and staying the inflammation which shall be performed by making injection into the urethra with this following decoction warme â„ž sem psilii lactucae papav albi plantag cydon lini hyosciami albi an Ê’ii detrahantur mucores in aquis solani rosar ad quantitatem sufficientem adde trochisc alborum Rhasis camphoratorum in pollinem redactorum Ê’i misce simul fiat injectio frequens For this because it hath a refrigerating faculty will help the inflammation mitigate pain and by the mucilaginous faculty lenifie the roughnesse of the urethra and defend it by covering it with the slimy substance against the acrimony of the urine and virulent humours In stead hereof you may use cowes
milk newly milked or warmed at the fire Milk doth not only conduce hereto being thus injected but also drunk for it hath a refrigerating and cleansing faculty and by the subtlety of the parts it quickly arrives at the urenary passages Furthermore it will be good to anoint with cerat refriger Galeni addita camphora or with ceratum santalinum ung comitissae or nutritum upon the region of the kidneyes loines and perinaeum as also to anoint the Cods and Yard But before you use the foresaid ointments or the like let them be melted over the fire but have a care that you make them not too hot lest they should lose their refrigerating quality which is the thing we chiefly desire in them Having used the foresaid ointment it will be convenient to apply thereupon some linnen clothes moistened in oxycrate composed ex aquis plantaginis solani sempervivi rosarum and the like If the patient bee tormented with intollerable paine in making water and also some small time after as it commonly commeth to passe I would wish him that he should make water putting his yard into a chamber-pot filled with milke or water warmed The paine by this meanes being asswaged we must come to the cleansing of the ulcers by this or the like injection â„ž hydromelitis symp â„¥ iv syr de rosis siccis de absinth an â„¥ ss fiat injectio But if there be need of more powerfull detersion you may safely adde as I have frequently tryed a little aegyptiacum I have also found this following decoction to bee very good for this purpose â„ž vini albi oderiferi lb ss aquar plantag ros an â„¥ ii auripigmenti Ê’ss viridis aeris ℈ i. aloës opt Ê’ss pulverisentur pulverisanda bulliant simul Keep the decoction for to make injection withall You may encrease or diminish the quantity and force of the ingredients entring into this composition as the patient and disease shall seeme to require The ulcers being thus cleansed we must hasten to dry them so that we may at length cicatrize them This may be done by drying up the superfluous moisture and strengthening the parts that are moistened and relaxed by the continuall defluxion for which purpose this following decoction is very profitable â„ž aq fabrorum lb i. psidiarum balaust nucum cupres conquassatorum an Ê’i ss sâ—â—in sumach herber an Ê’ii syrup rosar de absinth an â„¥ i. fiat decoctio You may keepe it for an injection to be often injected into the urethra with a syringe so long as that there shall no matter or filth flow out thereat for then there is certaine hope of the cure CHAP. XXII Of Caruncles or fleshy excrescâ—uâ—â—s which sometimes happen to grow in the Urethra by the heat or scâ—lding of the urine ASharpe humour which flowes from the Glandules termed Prostatae and continually runs alongst the urenary passage in some places by the way it frets and exulcerates by the acrimony the urethra in men but the necke of the wombe in women In these as also is usuall in other ulcers there sometimes growes up a superfluous flesh which oft times hinders the casting or comming forth of the seed urine by their appropriate and common passage whence many mischieves arise whence it is that such ulcers as have caruncles growing upon them must be diligently cured But first we must know whether they be new or old For the latter are more difficulty to bee cured than the former because the caruncles that grow upon them become callous and hard being oft times cicatrized Wee know that there are caruncles if the Cathâ—ter cannot freely passe alongst the passage of the urine but findes so many stops in the way as it meets with Caruncles that stop the passage if the patient can hardly make water or if his water runne in a very small streame or two streames or crookedly or onely by droppe and droppe with such tormenting paine that he is ready to let goe his excrements yea and oft times doth so after the same manner as such as are troubled with the stone in the bladder After making water as also after copulation some portion of the urine and seed stayes at the rough places of the caruncles so that the patient is forced to presse his yard to presse forth such reliques Sometimes the urine is wholly stopped whence proceeds such distention of the bladder that it causeth inflammation and the urine flowing backe into the body hastens the death of the patient Yet sometimes the urine thus supprest sweats forth preternaturally in sundry places as at the fundament perinaeum cod yard groines As soone as we by any of the forementioned signes shall suspect that there is a Caruncle about to grow it is expedient forthwith to use means for the cure therof for a caruncle from a very little beginning doth in a short time grow so bigge that at the length it becomes incureable verily you may easily ghesse at the difficulty of the cure by that we have formerly delivered of the essence hereof besides medicines can very hardly arrive therat The fittest season for the undertaking thereof is the spring and the next thereto is winter yet if it be very troublesome you must delay no time Whilest the cure is in hand the patient ought wholly to abstain from venery for by the use thereof the kidneyes spermaticke vessels prostatae and the whole yard swell up and waxe hot and consequently draw to them from the neighbouring and upper parts whence aboundance of excrements in the affected parts much hindering the cure You must beware of acrid and corroding things in the use of detergent injections for that thus the urethra being endued with most exquisite sense may bee easily offended whence might ensue many and ill accidents Neither must wee be frighted if at some times wee see blood flow forth of secret or hidden caruncles For this helpes to shorten the cure because the disease is hindered from growth by taking away portion of the conjunct matter the part also it selfe is eased from the oppressing burden for the materiall cause of caruncles is superfluous blood Wherfore unlesse such bleeding happen of it selfe it is not amisse to procure it by thrusting in a Cathaeter somewhat hard yet with good advise If the Caruncles be inveterate and callous then must they be mollified by fomentations ointments cataplasmes plasters and fumigations you may thus a make fomentation â„ž rad alth lilior alâ— an â„¥ iv rad bryaniâ— foenicul an â„¥ iss fol. malvar violarum parietar mercur an m ss sem lini faenugr an â„¥ ss caricas ping nu xii florum chamaem melil an p i. contundantur contuâ—denda incidenda incidantur bulliant omnia in aqua communi make a fomentation and apply it with soft sponges Of the masse of the strained-out things you may make a cataplasme after this manner â„ž praedicta
Guts the wormes doe lurk you must note that when they are in the small guts the patients complain of a paine in their stomacke with a dogge-like appetite whereby they require many and severall things without reason a great part of the nourishment being consumed by the wormes lying there they are also subject to often fainting by reason of the sympathy which the stomacke being a part of most exquisite sense hath with the heart the nose itches the breath stinkes by reason of the exhalations sent up from the meat corrupting in the stomacke through which occasion they are also given to sleep but are now and then waked therefrom by suddaine startings and feares they are held with a continued and slow feaver a dry cough a winking with their eielids and often changing of the colour of their faces But long and broad wormes being the innates of the greater guts shew themselves by stooles replenished with many sloughes here and there resembling the seedes of a Musk-melon or cucumber Ascarides are knowne by the itching they cause in the fundament causing a sense as if it were Ants running up and downe causing also a tenesmus and falling downe of the fundament This is the cause of all these symptomes their sleepe is turbulent and often clamorous when as hot acride and subtle vapors raised by the wormes from the like humor and their foode are sent up to the head but sound sleep by the contrary as when a misty vapour is sent up from a grosse and cold matter They dream they eate in their sleepe for that while the wormes doe more greedily consume the chylous matter in the guts they stirre up the sense of the like action in the phantasie They grate or gnash their teeth by reason of a certaine convulsisick repletion the muscles of the temples and jawes being distended by plenty of vapours A dry cough comes by the consent of the vitall parts serving for respiration which the naturall to wit the Diaphragma or midriffe smit upon by acride vapoures and irritated as though there were some humour to bee expelled by coughing These same acride fumes assailing the orifice of the ventricle cause either a hicketting or else a fainting according to the condition of their consistence grosse or thin these carryed up to the parts of the face cause an itching of the nose a darkenesse of the fight and a suddaine changing of the colour in the cheeks Great wormes are worse than little ones red than white living than dead many than few variegated than those of one collour as those which are signes of a greater corruption Such as are cast forth bloody and sprinkled with blood are deadly for they shew that the substance of the guts is eaten asunder for oft-times they corrode and perforate the body of the gut wherein they are conteined and thence penetrare into divers parts of the belly so that they have come forth sometimes at the Navell having eaten themselves a passage forth as Hollerius affirmeth When as children troubled with the wormes draw their breath with difficulty and wake moist over all their bodies it is a signe that death is at hand If at the beginning of sharpe feavers round wormes come forth alive it is a signe of a pestilent feaver the malignity of whose matter they could not endure but were forced to come forth But if they be cast forth dead they are signes of greater corruption in the humours and of a more venenate malignity CHAP. V. What cure to bee used for the Wormes IN this disease there is but one indication that is the exclusion or casting out of the wormes either alive or dead forth of the body as being such that in their whole kinde are against nature all things must bee shunned which are apt to heap up putrefaction in the body by their corruption such as are crude fruits cheese milke-meats fishes and lastly such things as are of a difficult and hard digestion but prone to corruption Pappe is fit for children for that they require moist things but these ought to answer in a certaine similitude to the consistence and thicknesse of milke that so they may the more easily be concocted assimulated such only is that pap which is made with wheat flower not crude but baked in an oven that the pappe made therewith may not be too viscide nor thicke if it should onely bee boyled in a panne as much as the milke would require or else the milke would bee too terrestriall or too waterish all the fatty portion thereof being resolved the cheesy and whayish portion remaining if it should boile so much as were necessary for the full boiling of the crude meate they which use meale otherwise in pappe yeild matter for the generating of grosse and viscide humours in the stomacke whence happens obstruction in the first veines and substance of the liver by obstruction wormes breede in the guts and the stone in the kidneyes and bladder The patient must be fed often and with meates of good juice lest the worms through want of nourishment should gnaw the substance of the guts Now when as such things breed of a putride matter the patient shall be purged and the putrefaction represt by medicines mentioned in our treatise of the plague For the quick killing and casting of them forth syrupe of Succory or of lemmons with rubarbe a little Treacle or Mithridate is a singular medicine if there be no feaver you may also for the same purpose use this following medicine ℞ cornu cervi pul rasur eboris an ʒ i ss sem tanacet contra verm an ʒ i. fiat decoctio pro parva dofi in colatur a infunde rhei optimi ʒ i. cinam ℈ i. dissolve syrupi de absinthio ℥ ss make a potion give it in the morning three houres before any broath Oyle of Olives drunke kills wormes as also water of knot-grasse drunke with milke and in like manner all bitter things Yet I could first wish them to give a glyster made of milke hony and sugar without oyles and bitter things lest shunning thereof they leave the lower guts and come upwards for this is naturall to wormes to shunne bitter things and follow sweet things Whence you may learne that to the bitter things which you give by the mouth you must alwaies mixe sweet things that allured by the sweetnesse they may devour them more greedily that so they may kill them Therefore I would with milke and Sugar mixe the seeds of centaury rue wormewood aloes and the like harts-horne is very effectuall against wormes wherefore you may infuse the shavings thereof in the water or drinke that the patient drinkes as also to boile some thereof in his brothes So also treacle drunke or taken in broth killeth the wormes purslaine boiled in brothes and destilled and drunke is also good against the worms as also succory and mints also a decoction of the lesser house-leek and sebestens given with
edges of the pots or cuppes This disease is also caused by the too frequent use of salt spiced acride and grosse meates as the flesh of Swine Asses Beares Pulse milke-meats so also grosse and strong wines drunkenness gluttony a laborious life full of sorrow and cares for that they incraslate and as it were burne the blood But the retention of melancholy excrements as the suppression of the haemorrhoids courses small pockes and meazells as also a quartashe feaver acoustomed to come at set times the drying up of old ulcers for that they defile the masse of the blood with a melancholy drosse and filth Now you must understand that the cause of the leprofic by the retention of the superfluities happens because the corrupt blood is not evacuated but regurgitates over the whole body and corrupts the blood that should nourish all the members wherefore the assimulative faculty cannot well assimulate by reason of the corruption and default of the juice and thus in conclusion the Leprosie is caused The antecedent causes are the humours disposed to adustion and corruption into melancholy by the torride heat for in bodies possessed with such heat the humours by adustion easily turne into melancholy which in time acquiring the malignity and corruption of a virulent and venenate quality yeelds a beginning and essence to the leprosie The conjunct causes are the melancholy humors which are now partakers of a venenate and maligne quality and spread over the whole habite of the body corrupting and destroying it first by a hot and dry distemper and then by a cold and dry contrary to the beginnings of life For hence inevitable death must ensue because our life consists in the moderation of heate and moisture CHAP. VII The signes of a Leprosie breeding present and already confirmed THe disposition of the body and humors to a Leprosie is shewed by the change of the native and fresh colour of the face by that affect of the face which is commonly called Gutta rosacea red blackish suffusions and pustles the falling away of the haires a great thirst and a drinesse of the mouth both by night day a stinking breath little ulcers in the mouth the change of the voice to hoarsenesse a desire of venery above nature and custome Now there are foure times of this disease the beginning encrease state and declension The beginning is when as the malignity hath not yet gone further than the inner parts and bowells wherupon the strength must needs be more languid The encrease is when as the virulency comes forth the signs symptoms are every day encreased in number strength The state is when as the members are exulcerated The declension is when as the aspect of the face is horride the extreme parts fall away by the profundity and malignity of the ulcers so that none no not of the common sort of people can doubt of the disease According to the doctrine of the Antients wee must in searching out of the signes of this disease being present have chiefe regard to the head For the signes of diseases more properly and truely shew themselves in the face by reason of the softnesse and rarity of the substance therof and the tenuity of the skin that covers it wherefore a blacke and adust humour diffused thereunder easily shewes it selfe and that not onely by the mutation of the colour but also of the Caracter and bulke and oft times by manifest hunting it Wherefore you must observe in the head whether it have scaules and whether in the place of those haires that are fallen away others more tender short and rare grow up which is likely to happen through defect of fit nourishment to preserve and generate haires through corruption of the hairy scalpe that should be stored with such nourishment and of the habit it selfe and through the unfitnesse thereof to containe haires lastly by the acrimony of the vapoures sent up from the adust humours and entrailes fretting asunder the rootes of the haires But if not onely the haire but also some portion of the skin and flesh about the rootes of the haire come away by pulling it is an argument of perfect corruption let this therefore be the first sign of a leprosie A second very certain signe is a numerous manifest circumscription of round and hard pushes or pustles under the eie-browes behind the eares and in severall places of the face resembling round and hard kernells occasioned by the default of the assimulating faculty The cause of this default is the grossenesse of the flowing nourishment by which meanes it being impact and stopping in the straitnesse of the way it growes round at it were compassed about in the place whereas it sticks and by the means of the crudity for that it is not assimulated and by delay it is further hardned The third signe is the more contract and exact roundnesse of the eares their grossenesse and as it were grainy spissitude or densenesse the cause of their roundness is the consumption of the flaps fleshy part through want of nourishment and excess of heat but the occasion of their grainy spissitude is the grosnesse of the earthy nourishment flowing thither The fourth sign is a lion-like wrinkling of the forehead which is the reason that some terme this disease morbus leoninus the cause hereof is the great drinesse of the habit of the body which also is the reason that the barke of an old oak is rough and wrinkled The fifth is the exact roundnesse of the eyes and their fixt and immoveable steddinesse verily the eyes are naturally almost round yet they appeare obtuse and somewhat broad on the foreside but end in a Conus on the hind part by reason of the concourse and figure of the muscles and fat investing them Therefore these being consumed either through defect of laudible nourishment or else by the acrimonie of the flowing humour they are restored to their proper figure roundness Now the muscles which moved the eyes being consumed and the fat which facilitated their motion wasted it comes to passe that they stand stiffe and unmoveable being destitute of the parts yeelding motion and the facility thereof The sixth signe is the nostrils flat outwardly but inwardly strait and contracted that is an earthy grosse humour forced from within outwards which swels the sides or edges of the nostrils whence it is that the passages of the nose appear as it were obstructed by the thicknesse of this humour but they are depressed and flatted by reason of the rest of the face and all the neighbouring parts swoln more than their wont adde hereto that the partition is consumed by the acrimony of the corroding and ulcerating humour sent thither which makes them necessarily to be deprest send forth bloudy scabs The seventh is the lifting up thicknesse and swelling of the lips the filthinesse stinke and corrosion of
the gums by acride vapours rising to the mouth but the lips of Leprous persons are more swolne by the internall heat burning and incrassating the humours as the outward heat of the Sun doth in the Moores The eighth signe is the swelling blacknesse of the tongue and as it were varicous veins lying under it because the tongue being by nature spongious and rare is easily stored with excrementitious humours sent from the inner parts unto the habit of the body which same is the cause why the grandules placed about the tongue above and below are swolne hard round no otherwise than scrophulous or meazled swine Lastly all their face riseth in red bunches or pushes and is over-spread with a duskie and obscure redness the eies are fiery fierce and fixed by a melancholick chachectick disposition of the whole body manifest signes whereof appeare in the face by reason of the forementioned causes yet some leprous persons have their faces tinctured with a yellowish others with a whitish colour according to the condition of the humor which serves for a Basis to the leprous malignity For hence Physicians affirme that there are three sorts of Leprosies one of a redish black colour consisting in a melancholick humour another of a yellowish greene in a cholericke humour another in a whitish yellow grounded upon adust phlegme The ninth signe is a stinking of the breath as also of all the excrements proceeding from leprous bodies by reason of the malignity conceived in the humours The tenth is a hoarsnesse a shaking harsh and obscure voyce comming as it were out of the nose by reason of the lungs recurrent nerves and muscles of the throttle tainted with the grossenesse of a virulent and adust humour the forementioned constriction obstruction of the inner passage of the nose and lastly the asperity and inequality of the weazon by immoderate drynesse as it happens to such as have drunk plentifully of strong wines without any mixture This immoderate drinesse of the muscles serving for respiration makes them to bee trouled with a difficulty of breathing The eleventh signe is very observable which is a Morphew or defaedation of all the skin with a dry roughnesse and grainy inequality such as appears in the skins of plucked geese with many tetters on every side a filthy scab and ulcers not casting off onely a branlike scurfe but also scailes and crusts The cause of this dry scab is the heat of the burning bowels humours unequally contracting and wrinkling the skin no otherwise than as leather is wrinkled by the heat of the Sun or fire The cause of the filthy scab serpiginous ulcers is the eating and corroding condition of the melancholy humour and the venenate corruption it also being the author of corruption so that it may be no marvell if the digestive faculty of the liver being spoyled the assimulative of a maligne and unfit matter sent into the habit of the body cannot well nor fitly performe that which may be for the bodies good The twelfth is the sense of a certain pricking as it were of goads or needles over all the skin caused by an acride vapour hindred from passing forth and intercepted by the thicknesse of the skin The thirteenth is a consumption and emaciation of the muscles which are betweene the thumbe and fore-finger not onely by reason that the nourishing and assimulating faculties want fit matter wherewith they may repaire the losse of these parts for that is common to these with the rest of the body but because these muscles naturally rise up unto a certaine mountanous tumor therefore their depression is the more manifest And this is the cause that the shoulders of leprous persons stand out like wings to wit the emaciation of the inner part of the muscle Trapezites The fourteenth signe is the diminution of sense or a numnesse over all the body by reason that the nerves are obstructed by the thicknesse of the melancholick humour hindring the free passage of the animal spirit that it cannot come to the parts that should receive sense these in the interim remaining free which are sent into the muscles for motions sake and by this note I chiefly make tryall of leprous persons thrusting a somewhat long and thick needle somewhat deep into the great tendon endued with most exquisite sense which runs to the heel which if they do not well feele I conclude that they are certainly leprous Now for that they thus lose their sense their motion remaining entire the cause hereof is that the nerves which are disseminated to the skin are more affected and those that run into the muscles are not so much therefore when as you prick them somewhat deep they feel the prick which they do not in the surface of the skin The fifteenth is the corruption of the extreme parts possessed by putrefaction and a gangrene by reason of the corruption of the humours sent thither by the strength of the bowels infecting with the like tainture the parts wherein they remain adde hereto that the animal sensitive faculty is there decayed and as often as any faculty hath forsaken any part the rest presently after a manner neglect it The sixteenth is they are troubled with terrible dreames for they seeme in their sleep to see divels serpents dungeons graves dead bodies and the like by reason of the black vapours of the melancholie humour troubling the phantasie with black and dismall visions by which reason also such as are bitten of a mad dog feare the water The seventeenth is that at the beginning and in the increase of the disease they are subtle crafty and furious by reason of the heat of the humours bloud but at length in the state and declension they become crafty and suspicious the heat and burning of the bloud and entrailes decaying by little and little therefore then fearing all things whereof there is no cause distrusting of their owne strength they endeavour by craft maliciously to circumvent those with whom they deal for that they perceive their powers to faile them The eighteenth is a desire of venery above their nature both for that they are inwardly burned with a strange heat as also by the mixture of flatulencies therewith for whose generation the melancholick humour is most fit which are agitated violently carried through the veins and genitall parts by the preternaturall heat but at length when this heate is cooled and that they are fallen into a hot and dry distemper they mightily abhor venery which then would bee very hurtfull to them as it also is at the beginning of the disease because they have small store of spirits and native heat both which are dissipated by venery The nineteenth is the so great thicknesse of their grosse and livide bloud that if you wash it you may finde a sandy matter therein as some have found by experience by reason of the great adustion and
assation thereof The twentieth is the languidnesse weaknesse of the pulse by reason of the oppression of the vitall and pulsifick faculty by a cloud of grosse vapours Herewith also their urine sometimes is thick and troubled like the urine of carriage beasts if the urenary vessels be permeable and free otherwise it is thin if there be obstruction which only suffers that which is thin to flow forth by the urenary passages now the urine is oftentimes of a pale ash-colour and oft-times it smels like as the other excrements do in this disease Verily there are many other signes of the Leprosie as the slownesse of the belly by reason of the heat of the liver often belchings by reason that the stomack is troubled by the refluxe of a melancholy humour frequent sneesing by reason of the fulnesse of the braine to these this may be added most frequently that the face and all the skin is unctuous or greasie so that water powred thereon will not in any place adhere thereto I conceive it is by the internall heat dissolving the fat that lies under the skin which therfore alwaies lookes as if it were greased or anointed therewith in leprous persons Now of these forementioned signes some are univocall that is which truly and necessarily shew the Leprosie othersome are equivocall or common that is which conduce as well to the knowledge of other diseases as this To conclude that assuredly is a Leprosie which is accompanied with all or certainely the most part of these forementioned signes CHAP. VIII Of Prognosticks in the Leprosie and how to provide for such as stand in feare thereof THe Leprosie is a disease which passeth to the issue as contagious almost as the plague scarce curable at the beginning uncurable when as it is confirmed because it is a Cancer of the whole body now if some one Cancer of some one part shall take deepe root therein it is judged uncurable Furthermore the remedies which to this day have bin found out against this disease are judged inferiour and unequall in strength thereto Besides the signes of this disease doe not outwardly shew themselves before that the bowels be seazed upon possessed and corrupted by the malignity of the humour especially in such as have the white Leprosie sundry of which you may see about Burdeaux in little Brittain who notwithstanding inwardly burn with so great heat that it will suddenly wrinkle and wither an apple held a short while in their hand as if it had laid for many daies in the Sun There is another thing that increaseth the difficulty of this disease which is an equall pravity of the three principall faculties whereby life is preserved The deceitfull and terrible visions in the sleepe and numnesse in feeling argue the depravation of the animall faculty now the weaknesse of the vitall faculty is shewed by the weaknesse of the pulse the obscurity of the hoarse and jarring voice the difficulty of breathing and stinking breath the decay of the naturall is manifested by the depravation of the work of the liver in sanguification whence the first and principall cause of this harme ariseth Now because wee cannot promise cure to such as have a confirmed Leprosie and that we dare not do it to such as have been troubled therewith but for a short space it remains that we briefly shew how to free such as are ready to fall into so fearefull a disease Such therefore must first of all shun all things in diet and course of life whereby the bloud and humours may be too vehemently heated whereof we have formerly made some mention Let them make choice of meats of good or indifferent juice such as we shall describe in treating of the diet of such as are sick of the plague purging bleeding bathing cupping to evacuate the impurity of the bloud and mitigate the heat of the liver shall bee prescribed by some learned Physician Valesius de Tarenta much commends gelding in this case neither do I think it can be disliked For men subject to this disease may be effeminated by the amputation of their testicles and so degenerate into a womanish nature and the heat of the liver boyling the bloud being extinguished they become cold moist which temper is directly contrary to the hot dry distemper of Leprous persons besides the Leprous being thus deprived of the faculty of generation that contagion of this disease is taken away which spreadeth and is diffused amongst mankind by the propagation of their issue The End of the Twentieth Booke OF POYSONS AND OF THE BITING OF A MAD DOGGE AND THE BITINGS AND STINGINGS OF OTHER VENEMOUS CREATURES THE ONE AND TWENTIETH BOOK CHAP. I. The cause of writing this Treatise of Poysons FIVE reasons have principally moved me to undertake to write this Treatise of poysons according to the opinion of the Ancients The first is that I might instruct the Surgeon what remedies must presently be used to such as are hurt by poysons in the interim whilst greater meanes may bee expected from a Physician The second is that hee may know by certaine signes and notes such as are poysoned or hurt by poysonous meanes and so make report thereof to the Judges or to such as it may concerne The third is that those Gentlemen and others who live in the Countrey and farre from Cities and store of greater meanes may learne something by my labours by which they may helpe their friends bitten by an Adder madde Dogge or other poysonous creature in so dangerous sudden and usuall a case The fourth is that every one may beware of poysons and know their symptomes when present that being knowne they may speedily seeke for a remedie The fifth is that by this my labour all men may know what my good-will is and how well minded I am towards the common wealth in generall and each man in particular to the glory of God I doe not here so much arme malicious and wicked persons to hurt as Surgeons to provide to helpe and defend each mans life against poyson which they did not understand or at least seemed not so to doe which taking this my labour in evill part have maliciously interpreted my meaning But now at length that wee may come to the matter I will begin at the generall division of poysons and then handle each species thereof severally but first let us give this rule That Poyson is that which either outwardly applyed or struck in or inwardly taken into the body hath power to kill it no otherwise than meate well drest is apt to nourish it For Conciliator writes that the properties of poyson are contrary to nourishments in their whole substance for as nourishment is turned into bloud and in each part of the body whereto it is applyed to nourish by perfect assimulation is substituted in the place of that portion which flowes away each moment Thus on the contrary poyson turnes our bodies into
whereby the poyson may arrive at the heart and principall parts For in such for example sake as have the passages of their arteries more large the poyson may more readily and speedily enter into the heart together with the aire that is continually drawn into the body CHAP. IIII. Whether such creatures as feed upon poysonous things be also poysonous and whether they may be eaten safely and without harme DUcks Storkes Hernes Peacocks Turkies and other birds feed upon Toads Vipers Aspes Snakes Scorpions Spiders Caterpillers other venemous things Wherfore it is worthy the questioning whether such like creatures nourished with such food can kill or poyson such persons as shall afterward eat them Matthiolus writes that all late Authors who have treated of poysons to be absolutely of this opinion That men may safely and without any danger feed upon such creatures for that they convert the beasts into their nature after they have eaten them and on the contrary are not changed by them This reason though very probable yet doth it not make these beasts to be wholly harmelesse especially if they be often eaten or fed upon Dioscorides and Galen seeme to maintaine this opinion whereas they write that the milke which is nothing else than the relented bloud of such beasts as feed upon scammonie hellebore and spurge purgeth violently Therefore Physicians desirous to purge a sucking childe give purges to the nurses whence their milke becomming purging becomes both meat and medicine to the childe The flesh of Thrushes which feed upon Juniper berries favours of Juniper Birds that are fed with worme-wood or Garlike either tast bitter or have the strong sent of Garlike Whitings taken with garlike so smell thereof that they will not forgoe that smell or taste by any salting frying or boyling for which sole reason many who hate garlike are forced to abstain from these fishes The flesh of Rabbits that feed upon Pennyroyall and Juniper favour of them Phisicians wish that Goats Cows and Asses whose milke they would use for Consumptions or other diseases should bee fed some space before and every day with these or these herbs which they deeme fit for the curing of this or that disease For Galen affirmes that hee doubts not but that in successe of time the flesh of creatures will be changed by the meats where on they feed and at length favour thereof Therefore I do noe allow that the flesh of such things as feed upon venemous things should be eaten for food unlesse it bee some long space after they have disused such repast and that all the venome bee digested and overcome by the efficacy of their proper heat so that nothing thereof may remaine in tast smell or substance but bee all vanished away For many dye suddenly the cause of whose deaths are unknowne which peradventure was from nothing else but the sympathy and antipathy of bodies for that these things cause death and disease to some that nourish othersome according to our vulgar English proverbe That which is one mans meate is another mans Poyson CHAP. V. The generall signes of such as are poysoned WEE will first declare what the generall signes of poyson are and then will we descend to particulars whereby we may pronounce that one is poysoned with this or that poyson We certainly know that a man is poysoned when as hee complaines of a great heavinesse of his whole body so that hee is weary of himselfe when as some horrid and loathsome taste sweats out from the orifice of the stomacke to the mouth and tongue wholly different from that taste that meat howsoever corrupted can send up when as the colour of the face changeth suddenly somewhiles to blacke sometimes to yellow or any other colour much differing from the common custome of man when nauseousnesse with frequent vomiting troubleth the patient and that hee is molested with so great unquietnesse that all things may seeme to bee turned upside downe Wee know that the poyson workes by the proper and from the whole substance when as without any manifest sense of great heate or coldnesse the patient sownes often with cold sweats for usually such poysons have no certaine and distinct part wherewith they are at enmity as cantharides have with the bladder But as they worke by their whole substance and an occult propriety of forme so doe they presently and directly assaile the heart our essence and life and the fortresse and beginning of the vitall faculty Now will wee shew the signes whereby poysons that worke by manifest and elementary qualities may be knowne Those who exceed in heate burne or make an impression of heat in the tongue the mouth throate stomacke guts and all the inner parts with great thirst unquietnesse and perpetuall sweats But if to their excesse of heate they bee accompanyed with a corroding and putrefying quality as Arsenicke Sublimate Rose-ager or Rats-bane Verdegreace Orpiment and the like they then cause in the stomacke and guts intolerable pricking paines rumblings in the belly and continuall and intolerable thirst These are succeeded by vomitings with sweats some-whiles hot somewhiles cold with swounings whence suddaine death ensues Poysons that kill by too great coldnesse induce a dull or heavie sleepe or drowzinesse from which you cannot easily rouze or waken them sometimes they so trouble the braine that the patients performe many undecent gestures and anticke trickes with their mouthes and eyes armes and legges like as such as are franticke they are troubled with cold sweats their faces become blackish or yellowish alwayes ghastly all their bodies are benummed and they dye in a short time unlesse they be helped poysons of this kinde are Hemlock Poppie Nightshade Henbane Mandrage Dry poysons are usually accompanied by heate with moisture for although sulphur bee hot and dry yet hath it moisture to hold the parts together as all things which have a consistence have yet are they called dry by reason that drynesse is predominant in them such things make the tongue and throate dry and rough with unquenchable thirst the belly is so bound that so much as the urine cannot have free passage forth all the members grow squallide by drynesse the patients cannot sleepe poysons of this kinde are Lytharge Cerusse Lime Scailes of Brasse Filings of Lead prepared antimony On the contrary moist poysons induce a perpetuall sleep a fluxe or scouring the resolution of all the nerves and joints so that not so much as the eyes may be faithfully conteined in their orbes but will hang as ready to fal out the extreme parts as the hands feet nose and ears corrupt putrefie at which time they are also troubled with thirst by reason of their strong heat alwaies the companion of putrefaction oft times the author thereof now when this commeth to passe death is at hand Very many deny that there can be any moist poysons found that is such as may kill by the efficacy of their
St. Dennis For all wounds by what weapon soever they were made degenerated into great and filthy putrefactions corruptions with feavers of the like nature were commonly determined by death what medicines how diligently soever they were applyed which caused many to have a false suspicion that the weapons on both sides were poisoned But there were manifest signes of corruption and putrefaction in the bloud let the same day that any were hurt and in the principall parts dissected afterwards that it was from no other cause than an evill constitution of the Aire and the minds of the Souldiers perverted by hate anger and feare CHAP. V. What signes in the Aire and Earth prognosticate a Plague WEE may know a Plague to bee at hand and hang over us if at any time the Aire and seasons of the yeare swarve from their naturall constitution after those wayes I have mentioned before if frequent and long continuing Meteors or sulphureous Thunders infect the Aire if fruits seeds and pulse be worme-eaten If Birds forsake their nests egges or Young without any manifest cause if we perceive women commonly to abort by continuall breathing in the vaporous Aire being corrupted and hurtfull both to the Embrion and originall of life and by which it being suffocated is presently cast forth and expelled Yet notwithstanding those airy impressions doe not solely corrupt the Aire but there may be also others raysed by the Sunne from the filthy exhalations and poysonous vapours of the earth and waters or of dead carcasses which by their unnaturall mixture easily corrupt the Aire subject to alteration as which is thin and moyst from whence divers Epidemiall diseases and such as every-where seaze upon the common sort according to the sevâ—…l kinds of corruptions such as that famous Catarrhe with difficulty of breathing which in the yeare 1510. went almost over the World and raged over all the Cities and Townes of France with great heavinesse of the head whereupon the French named it Cuculla with a straitnesse of the heart and lungs and a Cough a continuall Feaver and sometimes raving This although it seazed upon many more than it killed yet because they commonly dyed who were either let bloud or purged it shewed it selfe pestilent by that violent and peculiar and unheard of kinde of malignity Such also was the English Sweating-sicknesse or Sweating-feaver which unusuall with a great deale of terrour invaded all the lower parts of Germany and the Low Countryes from the yeare 1525. unto the yeare 1530. and that chiefly in Autumne As soone as this pestilent disease entred into any City suddenly two or three hundred fell sick on one day then it departing thence to some other place The people strucken with it languishing fell down in a swoune and lying in their beds sweat continually having a feaver a frequent quick and unequall pulse neither did they leave sweating till the disease left them which was in one or two dayes at the most yet freed of it they languished long after they all had a beating or palpitation of the heart which held some for two or three yeeres and others all their life after At the first beginning it killed many before the force of it was knowne but afterwards very few when it was found out by practice and use that those who furthered and continued their sweats and strengthened themselves with Cordials were all restored But at certaine times many other popular diseases sprung up as putrid feavers fluxes bloudy-fluxes catarrhes coughes phrenzies squinances pleurisies inflammations of the lungs inflammations of the eyes apoplexies lithargies small pocks and meazels scabs carbuncles and maligne pustles Wherefore the plague is not alwayes nor every-where of one and the same kind but of divers which is the cause that divers names are imposed upon it according to the variety of the effects it brings and symptomes which accompany it and kinds of putrefaction and hidden qualities of the Aire They affirme when the Plague is at hand that Mushromes grow in greater abundance out of the earth and upon the surface thereof many kindes of poysonous insecta creepe in great numbers as Spiders Caterpillers Butter-flyes Grasse-hoppers Beetles Hornets Waspes Flyes Scorpions Snailes Locusts Toads Wormes and such things as are the off-spring of putrefaction And also wilde beasts tyred with the vaporous malignity of their Dennes and Caves in the earth forsake them and Moles Toads Vipers Snakes Lizzards Aspes and Crocodiles are seene to flee away and remove their habitations in great troopes For these as also some other creatures have a manifest power by the gift of God and the instinct of Nature to presage changes of weather as raines showers and faire weather and seasons of the yeare as the Spring Summer Autumne Winter which they testifie by their singing chirping crying flying playing and beating their wings and such like signes so also they have a perception of a Plague at hand And moreover the carcasses of some of them which tooke lesse heed of themselves suffocated by the pestiferous poyson of the ill Aire contained in the earth may bee every where found not onely in their dens but also in the plaine fields These vapours corrupted not by a simple putrefaction but an occult malignity are drawne out of the bowels of the earth into the Aire by the force of the Sun and Starres and thence condensed into clouds which by their falling upon corne trees and grasse infect and corrupt all things which the earth produceth and also kils those creatures which feed upon them yet brute beasts sooner than men as which stoope and hold their heads downe towards the ground the maintainer and breeder of this poyson that they may get their food from thence Therefore at such times skilfull husbandmen taught by long experience never drive their Cattell or Sheep to pasture before that the Sun by the force of his beames hath wasted and diffipated into Aire this pestiferous dew hanging and abiding upon boughes and leaves of trees herbs corne and fruits But on the contrary that pestilence which proceeds from some maligne quality from above by reason of evill and certaine conjunction of the Stars is more hurtfull to men and birds as those who are neerer to heaven CHAP. VI. By using what cautions in Aire and Diet one may prevent the Plague HAving declared the signes fore-shewing a Pestilence now wee must shew by what meanes we may shun the imminent danger thereof and defend our selves from it No prevention seemed more certaine to the Ancients than most speedily to remove into places farre distant from the infected place and to be most slow in their returne thither againe But those who by reason of their businesse or employments cannot change their habitation must principally have care of two things The first is that they strengthen their bodies and the principall parts thereof against the daily imminent invasions of the poyson or the pestiferous and venenate
such a phrensie by inflaming the braine that the patients running naked out of their beds seeke to throw themselves out of windowes into the pits and rivers that are at hand In some the joynts of the body are so weakned that they cannot goe nor stand from the beginning they are as it were buried in a long swoune and deepe sleep by reason that the feaver sendeth up to the braine the grosse vapours from the crude and cold humours as it were from greene Wood newly kindled to make a fire Such sleeping doth hold him especially while the matter of the sore or Carbuncle is drawne together and beginneth to come to suppuration Oftentimes when they are awaked out of sleepe there doe spots and markes appeare dispersed over the skin with a stinking sweat But if those vapours be sharpe that are stirred up unto the head in stead of sleepe they cause great waking and alwayes there is much diversitie of accidents in the urine of those that are infected with the Plague by reason of the divers temperature and condition of bodies neither is the urine at all times and in all men of the same consistence and colour For sometimes they are like unto the urine of those that are sound and in health that is to say laudable in colour and substance because that when the heart is affected by the venemous Aire that entreth in unto it the spirits are more greatly grieved and molested than the humours but those i. the spirits are infected and corrupted when these do begin to corrupt But Urines onely shew the dispositions of the humours or parts in which they are made collected together and through which they passe This reason seemeth truer to me than theirs which say that nature terrefied with the malignity of the poyson avoyds contention and doth not resist or labour to digest the matter that causeth the disease Many have their appetites so overthrowne that they can abstaine from meat for the space of three dayes together And to conclude the variety of accidents is almost infinite which appear spring up in this kinde of disease by reason of the diversity of the poyson and condition of the bodies and grieved parts but they doe not all appeare in each man but some in one and some in another CHAP. XIIII What signes in the Plague are mortall IT is a most deadly signe in the Pestilence to have a continuall and burning Feaver to have the tongue dry rough and black to breathe with difficulty and to draw in a great quantity of breath but breathe out little to talke idely to have phrensie and madnesse together with unquenchable thirst and great watching to have Covulsions the Hicket heart-beating and to swoune very often and vehemently further tossing and turning in the bed with a loathing of meats and daily vomits of a greene blacke and bloudy colour and the face pale blacke of a horrid and cruell aspect bedewed with a cold sweat are very mortall signes There are some which at the very beginning have ulcerous and painefull wearinesse pricking under the skin with great torment of paine the eyes looke cruelly and staringly the voyce waxeth hoarse the tongue rough and stutting and the understanding decaying the Patient uttereth and talketh of frivolous things Truely those are very dangerously sicke no otherwise than those whose urine is pale black and troubled like unto the urine of carriage beasts or Lye with divers coloured clouds or contents as blew greene black fatty and oylie as also resembling in shew a Spiders Web with a round body swimming on the top If the flesh of the carbuncle be dry and blacke as it were feared with a hotiron if the flesh about it be blacke and blew if the matter doe flow back and turne in if they have a laske with greatly stinking liquid thin clammy blacke greene or blewish ordure if they avoyd wormes by reason of the great corruption of the humours and yet for all this the patient is never the better if the eies waxe often dim if the nostrils bee contracted or drawne together if they have a grievous crampe the mouth bee drawne aside the muscles of the face being drawn or contracted equally or unequally if the nailes be blacke if they be often troubled with the Hicket or have a Convulsion and resolution over all the body then you may certainly prognosticate that death is at hand and you may use Cordiall medicines onely but it is too late to purge or let bloud CHAP. XV. Signes of the Plague comming by contagion of the Aire without any fault of the humours YOU shall understand that the Pestilence proceeds from the corruption of the aire if it be very contagious and disperse it selfe into sundry places in a moment If it kill quickly and many so that whilest sundry persons goe about their usuall businesse walke in the places of common resort and through the streets they suddenly fall downe and dye no signe of the disease or harme appearing nor any paine oppressing them for the malignity of the corrupt Aire is quick and very speedy in infecting our spirits overthrowing the strength of the heart and killing the patient The patients are not troubled with great agitation because the spirits dissipated by the rapid malignity of the poyson cannot endure that labour besides they are taken with frequent swouning few of them have Bubo's few have Blains come forth and by the same reason their urines are like to those of sound men CHAP. XVI Signes of the Plague drawne into the body by the fault and putrefaction of humours FOrmerly we have reckoned up the causes of the corruption of humours from plenitude obstruction distemper and the ill juice of meats Now must wee deliver the signes of each corrupt humour which reignes in us that it may be reduced to soundnesse and perfection of nature by the opposition of its contrary or else bee evacuated by physick Therefore if the body be more yellow than usuall it is a signe of choler offending in quantity and quality If more black then of melancholy if more pale then of phlegme if more red with the veines swolne up and full then of bloud Also the colour of the rising blaines tumours and spots expresse the colour of the predominant humour as also the excrements cast forth by vomit stoole and otherwise the heavinesse and cheerfulnesse of the affected body the manner of the present feaver the time of the year age region diet Such things as have a cutting penetrating attenuating and cleansing faculty take away obstruction By meanes of obstruction feavers oft-times accompany the Plague and these not onely continuall but also intermitting like tertians or quartaines Therefore that Plague that is fixed in the infection or corruption of a cholericke humour shewes it selfe by the forementioned signes of predominating choler to wit the heate of the skin blaines and excrements as also in the quicknesse of killing and vehemency of the symptomes bitternesse
pound of Linseeds and Faenugreek of each one ounce of Fennell-seeds and Anise-seeds of each halfe an ounce of the leaves of Rue Sage Rosemary of each one handfull of Chamomill and Melilote flowers of each three handfuls boyle them all together and make thereof a decoction for a fomentation use it with a spunge according to Art Also after the aforesaid scarification wee may put Hens or Turkies that lay egs which therefore have their fundaments more wide and open and for the same purpose put a little salt into their fundaments upon the sharpe top of the Bubo that by shutting their bils at severall times they may draw and suck the venome into their bodies farre more strongly and better than cupping-glasses because they are endued with a naturall property against poyson for they eat and concoct Toads Efts and such like virulent beasts when one hen is killed with the poyson that she hath drawne into her body you must apply another and then the third fourth fift and sixt within the space of half an houre There be some that will rather cut them or else use whelps cut asunder in the midst and applyed warme unto the place that by the heate of the creature that is yet scarce dead portion of the venome may be dissipated and exhaled But if neverthelesse there be any feare of a Gangrene at hand you must cut the flesh with a deeper scarification not onely avoyding the greater vessels but also the nerves for feare of convulsion and after the scarification and a sufficient flux of bloud you must wash it with Aegyptiacum Treacle and Mithridate dissolved in sea-water Aquavitae and Vinegar For such a lotion hath vertue to stay putrefaction repell the venome and prohibite the bloud from concretion but if the Gangrene cannot be avoyded so cauteries may be applied to the part especially actual because they do more effectually repel the force of the poison strengthen the part Presently after the impression of the hot iron the eschar must bee cut away even unto the quicke flesh that the venemous vapours and the humours may have a free passage forth for it is not to bee looked for that they will come forth of themselves With these inunctions they are wont to hasten the falling away of the Eschar Take of the mucilage of Marsh-mallowes and Linseeds of each two ounces fresh butter or Hogs-grease one ounce the yolks of three egges incorporate them together and make thereof an ointment butter Swines grease oyle of Roses with the yolks of egges performe the selfe same thing When the Eschar is fallen away we must use digestives As take of the juice of Plantaine water-Bettony and Smallage of each three ounces hony of Roses foure ounces Venice Turpentine five ounces Barly-slower three drams Aloes two drams oyle of Roses foure ounces Treacle halfe a dram make a mundificative according to Art Or Take Venice Turpentine foure ounces Syrupe of dryed Roses and Wormewood of each one ounce of the powder of Aloes Mastick Myrthe Barly-flower of each one dram of Mithridate halfe an ounce incorporate them together This unguent that followeth is very meet for putrefied and corroding ulcers Takered Orpiment one ounce of unquenched Lime burnt Alome Pomgranate pills of each sixe drams of Olibanum Galls of each two drams of Waxe and Oile as much as shall suffice make thereof an unguent This doth mundifie strongly consume putrefied flesh and dry up virulent humidities that engender Gangrenes But there is not a more excellent unguent than Aegyptiacum encreased in strength for besides many other vertues that it hath it doth consume and waste the proud flesh for there is neither oyle nor waxe that goeth into the composition thereof with which things the vertue of sharpe medicines convenient for such ulcers is delayed and as it were dulled and hindered from their perfect operation so long as the ulcer is kept open There have bin many that being diseased with this disease have had much matter venemous filth come out at their abscesses so that it seemed sufficient and they have bin thought wel recovered yet have they dyed suddenly In the mean while when these things are in doing cordial medicines are not to be omitted to strengthen the heart And purgations must be renewed at certaine seasons that nature may be every way unloaded of the burthen of the venenate humors CHAP. XXXII Of the Nature Causes and Signes of a pestilent Carbuncle APestilent Carbuncle is a small tumour or rather a maligne pustle hot and raging consisting of bloud vitiated by the corruption of the proper substance It often commeth to passe through the occasion of this untameable malignity that the Carbuncle cannot be governed or contained within the dominion of nature In the beginning it is scarce so big as a seed or grain of Millet or a Pease sticking firmly unto the part and immoveable so that the skinne cannot be pulled from the flesh but shortly after it encreaseth like unto a Bubo unto a round and sharpe head with great heat pricking paine as if it were with needles burning and intolerable especially a little before night and while the meate is in concocting more than when it is perfectly concocted In the midst thereof appeareth a bladder puffed up and filled with sanious matter If you cut this bladder you shall finde the flesh under it parched burned and blacke as if there had bin a burning cole layed there whereby it seemeth that it took the name of Carbuncle but the flesh that is about the place is like a Rainebow of divers colours as red darke green purple livid and black but yet alwaies with a shining blacknesse like unto stone pitch or like unto the true precious stone which they call a Carbuncle whereof some also say it tooke the name Some call it a Naile because it inferreth like paine as a naile driven into the flesh There are many Carbuncles which take their beginning with a crusty ulcer without a pustle like to the burning of a hot iron and these are of a blacke colour they encrease quickly according to the condition of the matter whereof they are made All pestilent Carbuncles have a Feaver joyned with them and the grieved part seemeth to be so heavie as if it were covered or pressed with lead tyed hard with a ligature there commeth mortall swounings faintings tossing turning idle-talking raging gangrenes and mortifications not onely to the part but also to the whole bodie by reason as I thinke of the oppression of the spirits of the part the suffocation of the naturall heat as we see also in many that have a pestilent Bubo For a Bubo and Carbuncle are tumours of a near affinity so that the one doth scarce come without the other consisting of one kinde of matter unlesse that which maketh the Bubo is more grosse and clammy and that which causeth the Carbuncle more sharpe burning and raging by reason of its greater subtlety so
alum roch an ʒii bulliant omnia simul fiat decoctio of this make injection into the wombe In the performance of all these things I would have the Surgeon depend upon the advice of a Physitian as the occasion and place shall permit But if nature endeavour to free it selfe of the pestilent matter by the hoemorrhoides you may provoke them by frictions and strong ligatures in the lower parts as if the thighes or legs were broken by ventoses applyed with great flame to the inner side of the thigh by application of hot and attractive things to the fundament such as are fomentations emplasters unguents such as is usually made of an onion rosted under the embers and incorporated with Treacle and a little oile of Rue after the hoemorrhoid veines by these meanes come to shew themselves they shal be rubbed with rough linnen cloths or fig leaves or a raw onion or an oxe gall mixt with some pouder of Coloquintida lastly you may apply horse-leaches or you may open them with a Lancet if they hang much forth of the fundament and be swolne with much blood But if they flow too immoderately they may be stayed by the same meanes as the courses CHAP. XXXIX Of procuring evacuation by stoole or a fluxe of the belly NAture often times both by it selfe of its owne accord as also helped by laxative and purging medicines casts into the belly and guts as into the sinke of the body the whole matter of a pestilent disease whence are caused Diarrhaea's Lienteries and Dysenteries you may distinguish these kindes of fluxes of the belly by the evacuated excrements For if they be thinne and sincere that is reteine the nature of one and that a simple humour as of choler melancholy or phlegme and if they be cast forth in a great quantity without the ulceration or excoriation of the guts vehement or fretting paine then it is a Diarrhaea which some also call fluxus humoralis It is called a Lienteria when as by the resolved retentive faculty of the stomacke and guts caused by ill humours either there collected or flowing from some other place or by a cold moist distemper the meat is cast forth crude almost as it was taken A Dysenteria is when as many and different things and oft times mixt with blood are cast forth with pain gripings and an ulcer of the guts caused by acride choler fretting insunder the coats of the vessels But if in any kinde of disease certainely in a pestilent one fluxes of the belly happen immoderate in quantity and horrible in the quality of their contents as liquid viscous frothy as from melted greace yellow red purple greene ash-coloured blacke and exceeding stinking The cause is various and many sorts of ill humours which taken hold of by the pestilent malignity turne into divers species differing in their whole kinde both from their particular as also from nature in generall by reason of the corruption of their proper substance whose inseparable signe is stinch which is oft times accompanied by wormes In the campe at Amiens a pestilent Dysentery was overall the Campe in this the strongest Souldiers purged forth meere blood I dissecting some of their dead bodies observed the mouths of the Mesaraike Veines and Arteries opened and much swollen and whereas they entered into the guts were just like little Catyledones out of which as I pressed them there flowed blood For both by the excessive heat of the summers sunne and the mindes of the enraged souldiers great quantity of acride and cholericke humour was generated and so flowed into the belly but you shall know whether the greater or the lesser guts be ulcerated better by the mixture of the blood with the excrements than by the site of the paine therefore in the one you must rather worke by Glysters but in the other by Medicines taken by the mouth Therefore if by gripings a tenesmus the murmuring and working of the guts you suspect in a pestilent disease that nature endeavours to disburden it self by the lower parts neither in the meane while doe it succeed to your desire then must it be helped forward by art as by taking a potion of ℥ ss of hiera simplex and a dramme of Diaphaenicon dissolved in worme-wood water Also Glysters are good in this case not onely for that they asswage the gripings and paines and draw by continuation or succession from the whole body but also because they free the mesaraike veines and guts from obstruction and stuffing so that by opening and as it were unlocking of the passages nature may afterwards more freely free it selfe from the noxious humours In such glysters they also sometimes mixe two or three drammes of Treacle that by one and the same labour they may retunde the venenate malignity of the matter There may also be made for the same purpose suppositories of boyled hony ℥ i. of hier a picra and common salt of each ʒss or that they may bee the stronger of hony ℥ iii. of oxe gall ℥ i. of Scammony euphorbium and coloquintida poudred of each ʒss The want of these may be supplied by nodula's made in this forme ℞ vitell ovor nu iii. fellis bubuli mellis an ℥ ss salis com ʒss let them be stirred together and well incorporated and so parted into linnen ragges and then bound up into nodula's of the bignesse of a filberd and so put up into the fundament you may make them more acride by adding some powder of Euphorbium or Coloquintida CHAP. XL. Of stopping the fluxe of the belly VIolent and immoderate scourings for that they resolve the faculty and lead the patient into a consumption and death therefore if they shall appear to be such they must be stayed in time by things taken and injected by the mouth and fundament To this purpose may a pudding be made of wheat flower boyled in the water of the decoction of one pomegranate berberies bole armenick terra figillata and white poppie seeds of each ʒi The following Almond milke strengthens the stomacke and mitigates the acrimony of the cholericke humour provoking the guts to excretion Take sweet Almonds boiled in the water of barly wherein steele or Iron hath been quenched beat them in a marble motter and so with some of the same water make them into an Almond milk wherto adding ʒi of Diarhodon Abbat is you may give it to the patient to drink This following medicine I learnt of Dr. Chappelaine the Kings chiefe physitian who received it of his father and held it as a great secret was wont to prescribe it with happy successe to his patients It is thus ℞ boli à rmen terrae sigil lapid haemat an ʒi picis navalis ʒiss coral rub marg elect corn cervi ust loti in aq plant an ℈ i. sacchar ros ℥ ii fiat pulvisc of this let the patient take a spoonefull before meat or with the
allurements to venery but if he perceive her to be slow and more cold he must cherish embrace and tickle her and shall not abruptly the nerves being suddenly distended breake into the field of nature but rather shall creepe in by little and little intermixing more wanton kisses with wanton words and speeches handling her secret parts and dugs that she may take fire and bee enflamed to venery for so at length the wombe will strive and waxe fervent with a desire of casting forth its owne seed and receiving the mans seed to bee mixed together therewith But if all these things will not suffice to enflame the woman for women for the most part are more slow and slack unto the expulsion or yeelding forth of their seed it shall be necessary first to foment her secret parts with the decoction of hot herbes made with Muscadine or boiled in any other good wine and to put a little muske or civet into the neck or mouth of the wombe and when shee shall perceive the efflux of her seed to approach by reason of the tickling pleasure shee must advertise her husband thereof that at the very instant time or moment hee may also yeeld forth his seed that by the concourse or meeting of the seeds conception may be made and so at length a child formed and borne And that it may have the better successe the husband must not presently separate himselfe from his wives embraces lest the aire strike into the open wombe and so corrupt the seeds before they are perfectly mixed together When the man departs let the woman lye still in quiet lying her legges or her thighes acrosse one upon another and raising them up a little lest that by motion or downeward situation the seed should be shed or spilt which is the cause why she ought at that time not to talk especially chiding nor to cough nor sneese but give herselfe to rest and quietnesse if it be possible CHAP. V. By what signes it may bee knowne whether the woman have conceived or not IF the seed in the time of copulation or presently after be not spilt if in the meeting of the seedes the whole body doe somewhat shake that is to say the wombe drawing it selfe together for the compression entertainment therof if a little feeling of pain doth runne up and downe the lower belly and about the navell if shee be sleepy if she loath the embracings of a man and if her face bee pale it is a token that she hath conceived In some after conception spots or freckles arise in their face their eyes are depressed and sunke in the white of their eyes waxeth pale they waxe giddy in the head by reason that the vapours are raised up from the menstruall blood that is stopped sadnesse heavinesse grieve their mindes with loathing and way wardnesse by reason that the spirits are covered with the smoaky darkenesse of the vapoures paines in the teeth and gummes and swouning often times commeth the appetite is depraved or overthrown with aptnesse to vomit and longing whereby it happeneth that they loath meats of good juice and long for and desire illaudable meates and those that are contrary to nature as coales dirt ashes stinking salt-fish sowre austere and taâ—t fruits pepper vinegar and such like acride things and other altogether contrary to nature and use by reason of the condition of the suppressed humour abounding falling into the orifice of the stomack This appetite so depraved or overthrown endureth in some untill the time of childe-birth in others it commeth in the third moneth after their conception when haires do grow on the childe and lastly it leaveth them a little before the fourth moneth because that the child being now greater and stronger consumes a great part of the excrementall and superfluous humour The suppressed or stopped tearms in women that are great with childe are divided into three parts the more pure portion maketh the nutriment for the childe the second ascendeth by little and little into the dugs and the impurest of all remaineth in the womb about the infant and maketh the secundine or after-birth wherein the in fant lieth as in a sâ—…ed Those women are great with child whose urine is more sharpe fervent and somewhat bloody the bladder not only waxing warme by the compression of the wombe servent by reason of the blood conteined in it but also the thinner portion of the same blood being expressed and sweating out into the bladder A swelling and hardnesse of the dugs and veines that are under the dugs in the breastes and about them and milke comming out when they are pressed with a certaine stirring motion in the belly are certaine infallible signes of greatnesse with childe Neither in this greatnesse of childe bearing the veines of the dugges onely but of all the whole body appeare full and swelled up especially the veines of the thighes and legges so that by their manifold folding and knitting together they do appeare varicous whereof commeth fluggishnesse of the whole body heavinesse impotency or difficulty of going especially when the time of deliverance is at hand Lastly if you would know whether the woman have concerved or not give unto her when she goeth to sleepe some meed or honyed water to drink and if she have agriping in her guts or belly she hath conceived if not she hath not conceived CHAP. VI. That the wombe so soone as it hath received the seede is presently contracted or drawne together AFter that the seeds of the male and female have both met and are mixed together in the capacity of the wombe then the orifice thereof doth draw it selfe close together lest the seedes should fall out There the females seede goeth and turneth into nutriment and the encrease of the males seede because all things are nourished and doe encrease by those things that are most familiar and like unto them But the similitude and familiarity of seede with seede is farre greater than with bloud so that when they are perfectly mixed and eoagulated and so waxe warme by the straight and narrow inclosure of the wombe a certaine thinne skinne doth grow about it like unto that that will bee over unscimmed milke Moreover this concretion or congealing of the seede is like unto an egge layed before the time that it should that is to say whose membrane or tunicle that compasseth it about hath not as yet encreased or growne into a shelly hardnesse about it in folding-wise are seene many small threads dividing themselves over-spread with a certaine clammy whitish or red substance as it were with blacke bloud In the middest under it appeareth the navell from whence that small skinne is produced But a man may understand many things that appertaine unto the conception of mankinde by the observation of twenty egges setting them to bee hatched under an Henne and taking one every day and breaking it and diligently considering it
is the cause of great paine and most bitter and cruell torment to the woman leaving behinde it weaknesse of body farre greater than if the childe were borne at the due time The causes of abortion or untimely birth whereof the the child is called an abortive are many as a great scouring a strangury joyned with heate and inflammation sharpe fretting of the guts a great and continuall cough exceeding vomiting vehement labour in running leaping and dauncing and by a great fall from on high carrying of a great burthen riding on a trotting horse or in a Coach by vehement often and ardent copulation with men or by a great blow or stroke on the belly For all these such like vehement and inordinate motions dissolve the ligaments of the wombe and so cause abortion or untimely birth Also whatsoever presseth or girdeth in the mothers belly and therewith also the wombe that is within it as are those Ivory or Whale-bone buskes which women weare on their bodies thereby to keepe downe their bellies by these and such like things the childe is letted or hindred from growing to his full strength so that by expression or as it were by compulsion hee is often forced to come forth before the legitimate and lawfull time Thundering the noyse of the shooting of great Ordnance the sound and vehement noyse of the ringing of Bells constraine women to fall in travell before their time especially women that are young whose bodies are soft slacke and tenderer than those that bee of riper yeares Long and great fasting a great fluxe of bloud especially when the infant is growne some what great but if it bee but two moneths old the danger is not so great because then hee needeth not so great quantity of nourishment also a long disease of the mother which consumeth the bloud causeth the childe to come forth being destitute of store of nourishment before the fit time Moreover fulnesse by reason of the eating great store of meates often maketh or causeth untimely birth because it depraveth the strength and presseth down the child as likewise the use of meats that are of an evill juice which they lust or long for But bathes because they relaxe the ligaments of the wombe and hot houses for that the fervent and choaking ayre is received into the body provoke the infant to strive to goe forth to take the cold ayre and so cause abortion What women soever being indifferently well in their bodies travell in the second or third moneth without any manifest cause those have the Cotylidones of their womb full of filth and matter and cannot hold up the infant by reason of the weight thereof but are broken Moreover sudden or continuall perturbations of the minde whether they bee through anger or feare may cause women to travell before their time and are accounted as the causes of abortions for that they cause great and vehement trouble in the body Those women that are like to travell before their time their dugs will wax little therefore when a woman is great with childe if her dugs suddenly wax small or slender it is a signe that shee will travell before her time the cause of such shrinking of the dugs is that the matter of the milke is drawne back into the wombe by reason that the infant wanteth nourishment to nourish and succour it withall Which scarcity the infant not long abiding striveth to goe forth to seek that abroad which he cannot have within for among the causes which do make the infant to come out of the womb those are most usually named with Hippocrates the necessity of a more large nutriment and aire Therfore if a woman that is with child have one of her dugs small if she have two children she is like to travell of one of them before the full and perfect time so that if the right dug be small it is a man child but if it be the left dug it is a female Women are in farre more paine when they bring forth their children before the time than if it were at the full and due time because that whatsoever is contrary to nature is troublesome painefull and also oftentimes dangerous If there be any errour committed at the first time of childe-birth it is commonly seene that it happeneth alwayes after at each time of child-birth Therefore to find out the causes of that errour you must take the counsell of some Physician and after his counsell endeavour to amend the same Truly this plaster following being applyed to the reines doth confirme the wombe and stay the infant therein â„ž ladaniÊ’ii galang â„¥ i. nucis moschat nucis cupressi boli armeni terrae sigill sanguin dracon balaust an Ê’ss acatiae psidiorum hypocistid an â„¥ i. mastich myrrhae an Ê’ii gummi arabic Ê’i terebinth venet Ê’ii picis naval â„¥ i. ss ceraequantum sufficit fiat emplast secundem artem spread it for your use upon leather if the part begin to itch let the plaster be taken away in stead thereof use unguent rosat or refrig Galen or this that followeth â„ž olei myrtini mastich cydonior an â„¥ i. hypocist boli armen sang dracon acatiae an Ê’i sant citrini â„¥ ss cerae quant suf make thereof an oyntment according unto art There are women that beare the child in their wombe ten or eleven whole moneths and such children have their conformation of much and large quantity of seede wherefore they will bee more bigge great and strong and therefore they require more time to come to their perfection and maturity for those fruits that are great will not bee so soone ripe as those that are small But children that are small and little of body do often come to their perfection and maturity in seven or nine months if all other things are correspondent in greatnesse and bignesse of body it happeneth for the most part that the woman with child is not delivered before the ninth moneth bee done or at the least wise in the same moneth But a male child will bee commonly borne at the beginning or a little before the beginning of the same moneth by reason of his engrafted heat which causeth maturity and ripenesse Furthermore the infant is sooner come to maturity and perfection in a hot woman than in a cold for it is the property of heat to ripen CHAP. XXXI How to preserve the infant being in the wombe when the mother is dead IF all the signes of death appeare in the woman that lieth in travell and cannot be delivered there must then be a Chirurgian ready and at hand which may open her body so soone as shee is dead whereby the infant may be preserved in safety neither can it bee supposed sufficient if the mothers mouth and privie parts bee held open for the infant being enclosed in his mothers wombe and compassed with the membranes cannot take his breath but by the contractions and
opinion of Galen who saith that Scrophulaes are nothing else but indurate scirrhous kernels But the Mesenterium with his glandules being great and many making the Pancreas doth establish strengthen and confirme the divisions of the vessels Also the scirrhus of the proper substance of the wombe is to bee distinguished from the mola for in the bodies of some women that I have opened I have found the wombe annoyed with a scirrhous tumour as big as a mans head in the curing whereof Physicians nothing prevailed because they supposed it to bee a mola contained in the capacity of the wombe and not a scirrhous tumour in the body thereof CHAP. XXXVII Of the cause of barrennesse in men THere are many causes of barrenness in men that is to say the too hot cold dry or moyst distemper of the seed the more liquid and flexible consistence thereof so that it cannot stay in the womb but will presently flow out again for such is the seed of old men and striplings and of such as use the act of generation too often and immoderately for thereby the seed becommeth crude and waterish because that it doth not remaine his due and lawfull time in the testicles wherein it should be perfectly wrought and concocted but is evacuated by wanton copulation Furthermore that the seed may be fertile it must of necessity be copious in quantity but in quality well concocted moderately thicke clammy and puffed up with the abundance of spirits both these conditions are wanting in the seed of them that use copulation too often and moreover because the wives of those men never gather a just quantity of seede laudible both in quality and consistence in their testicles whereby it commeth to passe that they are the lesse provoked or delighted with venereous actions and performe the act with lesse alacrity so that they yeeld themselves lesse prone to conception Therefore let those that would be parents of many children use a mediocrity in the use of venery The woman may perceive that the mans seed hath some distemperature in it if when shee hath received it into her wombe shee feeleth it sharpe hot or cold if the man be more quick or slow in the act Many become barren after they have beene cut for the stone and likewise when they have had a wound behind the eares whereby certaine branches of the jugular veines and arteries have been cut that are there so that after those vessels have been cicatrized there followed an interception of the seminall matter downewards and also of the community which ought of necessity to be betweene the braine and the testicles so that when the conduits or passages are stopped the stones or testicles cannot any more receive neither matter nor lively spirits from the braine in so great quantity as it was wont whereof it must of necessity follow that the seed must bee lesser in quantity and weaker in quality Those that have their testicles cut off or else compressed or contused by violence cannot beget children because that either they want the help that the testicles should minister in the act of generation or else because the passage of the seminall matter is intercepted or stopped with a Callus by reason whereof they cannot yeeld forth seed but a certaine clammy humour conteyned in the glandules called prostatae yet with some feeling of delight Moreover the defects or imperfections of the yard may cause barrennesse as if it be too short on if it bee so unreasonable great that it renteth the privie parts of the woman and so causeth a fluxe of bloud for then it is so painefull to the woman that shee cannot voyde her seed for that cannot bee excluded without pleasure and delight also if the shortnesse of the ligament that is under the yard doth make it to bee crooked and violate the stiffe straightnesse thereof so that it cannot be put directly or straightly in the womans privie parts There bee some that have not the orifice of the conduit of the yard rightly in the end thereof but a little higher so that they cannot ejaculate or cast out their seed directly into the wombe Also the particular palsie of the yard is numbred among the causes of barrennesse and you may prove whether the palsie be in the yard by dipping the genitals in cold water for except they do draw themselves together or shrinke up after it it is a token of the palsie for members that have the palsie by the touching of cold water do not shrinke up but remaine in their accustomed laxity and loosenesse but in this case the genitals are endued with small sense the seed commeth out without pleasure or stiffenesse of the yard the stones in touching are cold and to conclude those that have their bodies daily waxing leane through a consumption or that are vexed with an evill habit or disposition or with the obstruction of some of the entrals are barren and unfertile and likewise those in whom some noble part necessary to life and generation exceedeth the bounds of nature with some great distemperature and lastly those who by any meanes have their genitall parts deformed Here I omit those that are witholden from the act of generation by inchantment magick witching and enchanted knots bands and ligatures for those causes belong not to physick neither may they bee taken away by the remedies of our art The Doctors of the Cannons lawes have made mention of those magick bands which may have power in them in the particular title De frigidis maleficiatis impotentibus incantatis also St. August hath made mention of them Tract 7. in Joan. CHAP. XXXVIII Of the barrennesse or unfruitfulnesse of women A Woman may become barren or unfruitfull through the obstruction of the passage of the seed or through straightnesse or narrownesse of the necke of the wombe comming either through the default of the formative facultie or else afterwards by some mischance as by an abscesse scirrhus warts chaps or by an ulcer which being cicatrized doth make the way more narrow so that the yard cannot have free passage thereinto Moreover the membrane called Hymen when it groweth in the midst or in the bottome of the neck of the wombe hinders the receiving of the mans seede Also if the womb be over slippery or moreloose or slack or over wide it maketh the woman to bee barren so doth the suppression of the menstruall fluxes or the too immoderate flowing of the courses or whites which commeth by the default of the wombe or some entrall or of the whole body which consumeth the menstruall matter and carrieth the seed away with it The cold and moyst distemperature of the wombe extinguishes and suffocates the mans seed and maketh it that it will not stay or cleave unto the wombe and stay till it be conconcted but the more hot and dry doth corrupt for want of nourishment for the seeds that are sowne
better be received into the voyd and empty capacity of the belly for this reason the bladder is also to be emptied for otherwise it were dangerous lest that the wombe lying betweene them both being full should be kept down and cannot be put up into its owne proper place by reason therof Also vomiting is supposed to be a singular remedy to draw up the womb that is fallen down furthermore also it purgeth out the phlegme which did moisten and relaxe the ligaments of the wombe for as the wombe in the time of copulation at the beginning of the conception is moved downewards to meet the seed so the stomacke even of its owne accord is sifted upwards when it is provoked by the injury of anything that is contrary unto it to cast it out with greater violence but when it is so raised up it drawes up together therewith the peritonaeum the wombe and also the bodie or parts annexed unto it If it cannot bee cured or restored unto its place by these prescribed remedies and that it be ulcerated and so putrefyed that it cannot be restored unto his place againe we are commanded by the precepts of art to cut it away and then to cure the womb according to art but first it should be tyed and as much as is necessary must bee cut off and the rest seared with a cautery There are some women that have had almost all their wombe cut off without any danger of their life as Paulus testifieth John Langius Physitian to the Count Palatine writeth that Carpus the Chirurgian tooke out the wombe of a woman of Bononia he being present and yet the woman lived and was very well after it Antonius Benivenius Physitian of Florence writeth that hee was called by Ugolius the Physitian to the cure of a woman whose wombe was corrupted and fell away from her by peeces and yet shee lived ten yeeres after it There was a certaine woman being found of body of good repute and about the age of thirty yeers in whom shortly after she had been married the second time which was in Anno 1571. having no childe by her first husband the lawfull signes of a right conception did appear yet in processe of time there arose about the lower part of her privities the sense or feeling of a waight or heavinesse being so troublesome unto her by reason that it was painefull and also for that it stopped her urine that she was constrained to disclose her mischance to Christopher Mombey a Chirurgian her neighbour dwelling in the suburbs of S. Germans who having seen the tumour or swelling in her groine asswaged the paine with mollifying and anodine fomentations and cataplasmes but presently after he had done this hee found on the inner side of the lip of the orifice of the necke of the wombe an apostume rotten running as if it had bin out of an abscesse newly broken with sanious matter somewhat red yellow pale running out a long time Yet for all this the feeling of the heaviness or waight was nothing diminished but did rather encrease daily so that from the yeere of our Lord 1573. she could not turne herselfe being in bed on this or that side unlesse she layed her hand on her belly to beare and ease her selfe of the waight and also she said when she turned her self she seemed to feele a thing like unto a bowle to rowle in her body unto the side whereunto she turned her selfe neither could shee goe to stoole or avoyd her excrements standing or sitting unlesse shee lifted up that waight with her hands towards her stomacke or midriffe when shee was about to go she could scarce set forwards her feet as if there had something hanged between her thighes that did hinder her going At certaine seasons that rotten apostume would open or unclose of it selfe and flow or run with its wonted sanious matter but then she was grievously vexed with paine of the head and all her members swouning loathing vomiting and almost chosing so that by the perswasion of a foolish woman she was induced and contented to take Antimonium the working and strength thereof was so great and violent that after many vomits with many frettings of the guts and watry dejections or stooles she thought her fundament fell downe but being certified by a woman that was a familiar friend of hers unto whom she shewed her selfe that there was nothing fallen downe at or from her fundament but it was from her wombe shee called in the yeere of our Lord 1575. Chirurgians as my selfe James Guillemeau and Antony Vieux that we might helpe her in this extremity When we had diligently and with good consideration weighed the whole estate of her disease wee agreed with one consent that that which was fallen down should bee cut away because that by the blacke colour stinking and other such signes it gave a manifest testimony of a putrefyed and corrupted thing Therefore for two daies wee drew out the body by little and little and piece-meale which seemed unto the Physicians that wee had called as Alexius Gaudinus Feureus and Violaneus and also to our selves to be the body of the wombe which thing we proved to bee so because one of the testicles came out whole and also a thicke membrane or skin being the relick of the mola which being suppurated and the abscesse broken came out by little and little in matter after that all this body was so drawne away the sicke woman began to waxe better and better yet notwithstanding for the space of nine dayes before it was taken away she voided nothing by siege and her urine also was stopped for the space of foure daies After this all things became as they were before and shee lived in good health three moneths after and then died of a Pleurisie that came on her very suddenly and I having opened her body observing and marking everything very diligently could not finde the wombe at all but instead thereof there was a certaine hard and callous body which nature who is never idle had framed in stead thereof to supply the want thereof or to fill the hollownesse of the belly CHAP. XLII Of the tunicle or membrane called Hymen IN some virgins or maidens in the orifice of the neck of the womb there is found a certaine tunicle or membrane called of antient writers Hymen which prohibiteth the copulation of a man and causeth a woman to be barren this tunicle is supposed by many and they not of the common sort onely but also learned Physitians to be as it were the enclosure of the virginity or maiden-head But I could never finde it in any seeking of all ages from three to twelve of all that I had under my hands in the Hospitall of Paris Yet once I saw it in a virgin of seaventeene yeeres whom her mother had contracted to a man and she knew neverthelesse there was something in her privie parts
intestine which happeneth to women MAny women that have had great travell and straines in child-birth have the great intestine called of the Latines crassum intestinum or gut relaxed and slipped down which kind of affect happeneth much to children by reason of a phlegmaticke humour moistening the sphincter muscle of the fundament and the two others called levatores For the cure thereof first of all the gut called rectum intestinum or the straight gut is to be forented with a decoction of heating and resolving herbes as of sage rosemary lavander thyme and such like and then of astringent things as of roses myrtills the â—â—ds of pomegranats cypresse nuts galles with a little alome then it must be sprinkied with the pouder of things that are astringent without biting and last of all it is to be restored and gently thrust into its place That is supposed to bee an effectuall and singular remedy for this purpose which is made of twelve red snailes put into a put with â„¥ ss of alome and as much of salt and shaken up and down a long time for so at length when they are dead there will remaine an humour which must bee put upon cotton and applied to the gut that is fallen downe By the same cause that is in say of painefull childe-birth in some women there ariseth a great swelling in the navell for when the peritonaeum is relaxed or broken sometimes the Kall and sometimes the guts slippe out many times flatulencies come thither the cause as I now shewed is over great straining or stretching of the belly by a great burthen carried in the wombe and great travaile in childe-birth if the fallen downe guts make that tumour paine joyned together with that tumour doth vexe the patient and if it be pressed you may heare the noise of the guts going backe againe if it be the Kall then the tumour is soft and almost without pain neither can you heare any noise by compression if it be winde the tumour is loose and soft yet it is such as will yeeld to the pressing of the finger with some sound and will soone returne againe if the tumour be great it cannot be cured unlesse the peritonaeum bee cut as it is said in the cure of ruptures In the church-porches of Paris I have seene begger-women who by the falling downe of the guts have had such tumours as big as a bowle who notwithstanding could goe and doe all other things as if they had beene sound and in perfect health I think it was because the faeces or excrements by reason of the greatnesse of the tumor and the bignesse or widenesse of the intestines had a free passage in and out CHAP. LXVI Of the relaxation of the navell in children OFten times in children newly borne the navell swelleth as bigge as an egg because it hath not bin well cut or bound or because the whayish humours are flowed thither or because that part hath extended it selfe too much by crying by reason of the paines of the fretting of the childes guts many times the childe bringeth that tumour joined with an abscesse with him from his mother wombe but let not the Chirurgian assay to open that abscesse for if it be opened the guts come out through the incision as I have seene in many and especially in a child of my Lord Martigues for when Peter of the Rocke the Chirurgian opened an abscesse that was in it the bowels ranne out at the incision and the infant died and it wanted but little that the Gentlemen of my Lords retinue that were there had strangled the Chirurgian Therefore when John Gromontius the Carver desired me and requested mee of late that I would doe the like in his sonne I refused to doe it because it was in danger of its life by it already and in three daies after the abscesse broke and the bowells gushed out and the childe died CHAP. LXVII Of the paine that children have in breeding of teeth CHildren are greatly vexed with their teeth which cause great paine when they begin to break as it were out of their shell or sheath and begin to come forth the gummes being broken which for the most part happeneth about the seventh month of the childs age This pain commeth with itching and scratching of the gummes an inflammation fluxe of the belly whereof many times commeth a feaver falling of the hair a convulsion and at length death The cause of the paine is the solution of the continuity of the gummes by the comming forth of the teeth The signes of that pain is an unaccustomed burning or heat of the childes mouth which may bee perceived by the nurse that giveth it sucke a swelling of the gummes and cheekes and the childes being more wayward and crying than it was wont and it will put its fingers to its mouth and it will rubbe them on its gummes as though it were about to scratch and it slavereth much That the Physitian may remedy this hee must cure the nurse as if she had the feaver and shee must not suffer the childe to sucke so often but make him coole and moist when hee thirsteth by giving him at certaine times syrupus alexandrinus syrup de limonibus or the syrupe of pomegranats with boiled water yet the childe must not hold those things that are actually cold long in his mouth for such by binding the gums doe in some sort stay the teeth that are newly comming forth but things that lenifie and mollifie are rather to bee used that is to say such things as doe by little and little relaxe the loose flesh of the gummes and also asswage the paine Therefore the nurse shall often times rubbe the childs gummes with her fingers anointed or besmeared with oyle of sweet almonds fresh butter hony sugar mucilage of the seeds of psilium or of the seeds of marsh mallowes extracted in the water of pellitory of the wall Some thinke that the braine of a hare or of a sucking pig rosted or sodden through a secret property are effectuall for the same and on the outside shall be applied a cataplasme of barly meale milke oyle of roses and the yelkes of egges Also a sticke of liquorice shaven and bruised and anointed with hony or any of the forenamed syrupes and often rubbed in the mouth or on the gummes is likewise profitable so is also any toy for the childe to play withall wherein a wolves tooth is set for this by scratching doth asswage the painfull itching and rarifie the gummes and in some weareth them that the teeth appeare the sooner But many times it happeneth that all these and such like medicines profit nothing at all by reason of the contumacy of the gums by hardnesse or the weaknesse of the childes nature therefore in such a cause before the forenamed mortall accidents come I would perswade the Chirurgian to open the gummes in such places as the teeth bunch out
with a little swelling with a knife or lancet so breaking and opening a way for them notwithstanding that a little fluxe of blood will follow by the tension of the gummes of which kind of remedy I have with prosperous and happy successe made tryall in some of mine owne children in the presence of Feureus Altinus and Cortinus Doctors of Physick and Guillemeau the Kings Chirurgian which is much better and more safe than to doe as some nurses doe who taught onely by the instinct of nature with their nailes and scratching breake and teare or rent the childrens gummes The Duke of Nevers had a sonne of eight moneths old which died of late and when wee with the Physitians that were present diligently sought for the cause of his death we could impute it unto nothing else than to the contumacious hardnesse of the gums which was greater than was convenient for a childe of that age for therefore the teeth could not breake forth nor make a passage for themselves to come forth of which our judgement this was the tryall that when we cut his gummes with a knife we found all his teeth appearing as it were in an array ready to come forth which if it had bin done when he lived doubtlesse he might have beene preserved The End of the twenty fourth Booke OF MONSTERS AND PRODIGIES THE TWENTY FIFTH BOOK THE PREFACE WEe call Monsters what things soever are brought forth contrary to the common decree and order of nature So wee terme that infant monstrous which is borne with one arme alone or with two heads But we define Prodigies those things which happen contrary to the whole course of nature that is altogether differing and dissenting from nature as if a woman should bee delivered of a Snake or a Dogge Of the first sort are thought all those in which any of those things which ought and are accustomed to bee according to nature is wanting or doth abound is changed worne covered or defended hurt or not put in his right place for somtimes some are born with more fingers than they should other some but with one finger some with those parts devided which should be joyned others with those parts joyned which should bee devided some are borne with the privityes of both sexes male and female And Aristotle saw a Goate with a horne upon her knee No living creature was ever borne which wanted the Heart but some have beene seene wanting the Spleene others with two Spleenes and some wanting one of the Reines And none have bin known to have wanted the whole Liver although some have bin found that had it not perfect and whole and there have beene those which wanted the Gall when by nature they should have had it and besides it hath beene seene that the Liver contrary to his naturall site hath lien on the left side and the Spleene on the right Some women also have had their privities closed and not perforated the membranous obstacle which they call the Hymen hindering And men are sometimes borne with their fundaments eares noses and the rest of the passages shut and are accounted monstrous nature erring from its entended scope But to conclude those Monsters are thought to portend some ill which are much differing from their nature CHAP. I. Of the cause of Monsters and first of those Monsters which appeare for the glory of God and the punishent of mens wickednesse THere are reckoned up many causes of monsters the first whereof is the glory of God that his immense power may be manifested to those which are ignorant of it by the sending of those things which happen contrary to nature for thus our Saviour Christ answered the Disciples asking whether he or his parents had offended who being born blind received his sight from him that neither he nor his parents had committed any fault so great but this to have happened onely that the glory and majesty of God should be divulged by that miracle and such great workes Another cause is that God may either punish mens wickednesse or shew signes of punishment at hand because parents sometimes lye and joine themselves together without law and measure or luxuriously and beastly or at such times as they ought to forbeare by the command of God and the Church such monstrous horrid and unnaturall births doe happen At Verona Anno Dom. 1254. a mare foaled a colt with the perfect face of a man but all the rest of the body like an horse a little after that the warre betweene the Florentines and Pisans began by which all Italy was in a combustion The figure of a Colt with a mans face About the time that Pope Julius the second raised up all Italy and the greatest part of Christendome against Lewis the twelfth the King of France in the yeere of our Lord 1512. in which yeere upon Easter day neere Ravenna was fought that mortall battell in which the Popes forces were overthrowne a monster was borne in Ravenna having a horne upon the crowne of his head and besides two wings and one foot alone most like to the feet of birds of prey and in the knee thereof an eye the privities of male and female the rest of the body like a man as you may see by the following figure The figure of awinged Monster The third cause is an abundance of seed overflowing matter The fourth the same in too little quantity and deficient The fift the force and efficacy of imagination The sixt the straightnesse of the wombe The seaventh the disorderly site of the party with childe and the position of the parts of the body The eighth a fall straine or stroake especially upon the belly of a woman with child The ninth hereditary diseases or affects by any other accident The tenth the confusion and mingling together of the seed The eleventh the craft and wickednesse of the divell There are some others which are accounted for monsters because they have their originall or essence full of admiration or doe assume a certaine prodigious forme by the craft of some begging companions therefore we will speak briefly of them in their place in this our treatise of monsters CHAP. II. Of monsters caused by too great abundance of seed SEeing wee have already handled the two former and truely finall causes of monsters we must now come to those which are the matereall corporeall and efficient causes taking our beginning from that we call the too great abundance of the matter of seed It is the opinion of those Philosophers which have written of monsters that if at any time a creature bearing one at once as man shall cast forth more seed in copulation than is necessary to the generation of one body it cannot be that onely one should bee begot of all that therefore from thence either two or more must arise whereby it commeth to passe that these are rather judged wonders because they happen seldome and contrary to common custome Superfluous parts
of two fingers but hooked and sharpe on the sides When as the Chirurgian had carefully and diligently sought for it and could by no meanes finde it he healed up the wound but two months after this crooked head came forth at his fundament The same author telleth that at Venice a virgin swallowed a needle which some two yeeres after she voided by urine covered over with a stony matter gathered about viscous humours Catherine Perlan the wife of William Guerrier a Draper of Paris dwelling in the Jewry as she rode on horse-backe into the country a needle out of her pin cushion which got under her by accident ran so deepe into her right buttocke that it could not by any art or force bee plucked forth Foure moneths after shee sent for mee to come to her and she told mee that as often as she had to doe with her husband shee suffered extreme pricking paine i◠her right groine putting my hand thereto as I felt it my fingers met with something sharpe and hard wherefore I used the matter so that I drew forth the needle all rusty this may be counted a miracle that steele naturally heavie should rise upwards from the buttocke to the groine and pierce the muscles of the thigh without causing an abscesse Anno Dom. 1566. the two sonnes of Laurence Collo men excellent in cutting for the stone tooke forth a stone of the bignesse of a wall-nut in the midst whereof was a needle just like those that shooe-makers use the patients name was Peter Cocquin dwelling in the street Galand at the place called Maubert at Paris and I thinke hee is yet living This stone was shewed to King Charles the ninth for the monstrousnesse of the thing I being then present which being given me by the Chirurgian I preserve amongst my other rarities Anno Dom. 1570. the Dutchesse of Ferrara at Paris sent for John Collo to take a stone out of a Confectioner This stone though it waighed nine ounces and was as thicke as ones fist yet was it happily taken out the patient recovering Francis Rousset and Joseph Javelle the Dutchesse Physitians being present Yet not long after this Confectioner died by the stoppage of his water by reason of two other little stones which about to descend from the kidneies to the bladder stayed in the mid-way of the Ureters The figure of the extracted stone was this The figure of a stone taken forth of the Bladder of a Confectioner Anno Dom. 1566. Laurence Collo the younger tooke three stones out of the bladder of one dwelling at Marly called commonly Tire-vit because being troubled with the stone from the tenth yeere of his age hee continually scratched his yard each of the stones were as bigge as an Hens egge of colour white they all together waighed twelve ounces When they were presented to King Charles then lying at Saint Maure des Faussez hee made one of them to bee broken with a hammer and in the middest thereof there was found another of a chesnut colour but otherwise much like a Peach stone These three stones bestowed on mee by the brethren I have here represented to the life The effigies of the three forementioned stones whereof one is broken I have in the dissecting of dead bodies observed divers stones of various formes and figures as of pigges whelpes and the like Dalechampius telleth that hee saw a man which by an abscesse of his loins which turned to a Fistula voided many stones out of his kidneies and yet notwithstanding could endure to ride on horse-backe or in a coach John Magnus the Kings most learned and skilfull Physitian having in cure a woman troubled with cruell torment and paines of the belly and fundament sent for me that by putting a Speculum into the fundament he might see if he could perceive any discernable cause of so great and pertinacious paine and when as hee could see nothing which might further him in the finding out of the cause of her paine following reason as a guide by giving her often glysters and purgations hee brought it so to passe that shee at length voided a stone at her fundament of the bignesse of a Tennis ball which once avoided all her paines ceased Hippocrates tells that the servant of Dyseris in Larissa when shee was young in using venery was much pained and yet sometimes without paine yet shee never conceived But when as she was sixty yeeres old she was pained in the after-noone as if she had beene in labour When as she one day before noone had eaten many leekes afterward shee was taken with a most violent paine farre exceeding all her former and she felt a certaine rough thing rising up in the orifice of her wombe But she falling into a swoune another woman putting in her hand got out a sharpe stone of the bignesse of a whirle and then she forthwith became well and remained so In a certaine woman who as Hollerius tells for the space of foure moneths was troubled with an incredible paine in making water two stones were found in her heart with many abscesses her kidneyes and bladder being whole Anno Dom. 1558. I opened in John Bourlier a Taylour dwelling in the street of St. Honoré a watry abscesse in his knee wherein I found a stone white hard and smooth of the thicknesse of an Almond which being taken out hee recovered Certainely there is no part of the body wherein stones may not breed and grow Anthony Benevenius a Florentine Physitian writes that a certaine woman swallowed a brasse needle without any paine and continued a yeere after without feeling or complaining of it but at the end thereof she was molested with great paines in her belly for helping of which she asked the advise of all the Physitians she could making in the interim no mention of the swallowed needle Wherefore shee had no benefit by all the medicines she tooke and shee continued in paine for the space of two yeeres untill at length the needle came forth at a little hole by her navell and then she recovered her health A Schollar named Chambelant a native of Bourges a studient in Paris in the Colledge of Presse swallowed a stalke of grasse which came afterwards whole out betweene two of his ribbes with the great danger of the schollars life For it could not come there unlesse by passing or breaking through the lungs the encompassing membrane and the intercostall muscles yet hee recovered Fernelius and Huguet having him in cure Cabrolle Chirurgian to Mounsieur the Marshall of Anville told mee that Francis Guillenet the Chirurgian of Sommiers a small village some eight miles from Mompelier had in cure and healed a certaine sheepheard who was forced by theeves to swallow a knife of the length of halfe a foot with a horne handle of the thickenesse of ones thumbe he kept it the space of halfe a yeere yet with great paine and hee fell much away
of the wound is received of the Chirurgion according to the civill Law It is recorded in the workes of ancient Physitions that wounds may bee called great for three respects The first is by reason of the greatnesse of the dissolved unitie or resolution of Continuity and such are these wounds which made by a violent stroake with a backe-sword have cut off the arme or legge or overthwart the breast The second is by reason of the dignitie or worthinesse of the part now this dignity dependeth on the excellencie of the action therefore thus any little wound made with a bodkin knife in any part whose substance is noble as in the Braine Heart Liver or any other part whose action and function is necessary to preserve life as in the Weasant Lungs or Bladder is judged great The third is by reason of the greatnesse and ill habit or the abundance of ill humors or debility of all the wounded body so those woundes that are made in nervous parts and old decayed people are sayd to be great But in searching of wounds let the Chirurgion take heede that he be not deceived by his probe For many times it cannot goe into the bottome of the wound but stoppeth and sticketh in the way either because he hath not placed the patient in the same posture wherein he was when he received his hurt or else for that the stroake being made downe right slipt aside to the right or left hand or else from below upwards or from above downewards and therefore hee may expect that the wound is but little and will be cured in a short time when it is like to bee long in curing or else mortall Therefore from the first day it behooveth him to suspend his judgement of the wound untill the ninth for in that time the accidents will shew themselves manifestly whether they be small or great according to the condition of the wound or wounded bodyes and the state of the ayre according to his primitive qualities or venomous corruption But generally the signes whereby we may judge of diseases whether they bee great or small of long or short continuance mortall or not mortall are foure For they are drawne either from the nature and essence of the disease or from the cause or effects thereof or else from the similitude proportion and comparison of those diseases with the season or present constitution of the times Therefore if wee are called to the cure of a greene wound whose nature and danger is no other but a simple solution of Continuity in the musculous flesh we may presently pronounce that wound to be of no danger and that it will soone be cured But if it have an Vlcer annexed unto it that is if it be sanious then we may say it will be more difficult and long in the curing and so we may pronounce of all diseases taking a signe of their essence and nature But of the signes that are taken of the causes let this bee an example A wound that is made with a sharpe pointed and heavie weapon as with an halbeard being stricken with great violence must be accounted great yea and also mortall if the accidents be correspondent But if the patient fall to the ground through the violence of the stroake if a cholericke vomiting follow thereon if his sight faile him together with a giddinesse if blood come forth at his eyes and nosthrills if distraction follow with losse of memory and sense of feeling we may say that all the hope of life remaineth in one small signe which is to be deduced from the effects of the wound But by the comparing it unto the season that then is and diseases that then assault mans body wee may say that all those that are wounded with gunshot are in danger of death as it happened in the schirmishes at the seige of Roan and at the battall of Saint Denis For at that time whether it were by reason of the fault of the heavens or ayre through the evill humors of mans body and the disturbance of them all wounds that were made by gunshot were for the most part mortall So likewise at certaine seasons of the yeare we see the small pockes and measels breake forth in children as it were by a certaine pestilent contagion to the destruction of children onely inferring a most cruell vomit and laske and in such a season the judgement of those diseases is not difficult But you by the following signes may know what parts are wounded If the patient fall downe with the stroake if he lye senselesse as it were asleepe if he voyde his excrements unwittingly if he be taken with giddinesse if blood come out at his eares mouth and nose and if he vomit choller you may understand that the scull is fractured or pearced through by the defect in his understanding and discourse You also may know when the scull is fractured by the judgement of your externall senses as if by feeling it with your finger you finde it elevated or depressed beyond the naturall limits if by striking it with the end of a probe when the Pericranium or nervous filme that investeth the scull is cut crosse wise and so divided there from it yeeld a base and unperfect sound like unto a pot sheard that is broken or rather like unto an earthen pitcher that hath a cleft or rent therein But we may say that death is at hand if his reason and understanding faile him if he be speechlesse if his sight forsake him if he would tumble headlong out of his bed being not at all able to moove the other parts of his body if he have a continuall feaver if his tongue be blacke with drienesse if the edges of the wound bee blacke or dry and cast forth no sanious matter if they resemble the colour of salted flesh if he have an apoplexie phrensie convulsion or palsie with an involuntarie excretion or absolute supprâ—ssion of the Vrine and excrements You may know that a man hath his throate that is his weason and winde pipe cut First by the sight of his wound and next by the abolishment of the function or office thereof both wayes for the patient can neither speake nor swallow any meate or drinke and the parts that are cut asunder divide themselves by retraction upwards or downewards one from another whereof commeth sodaine or present death You may know that a wound hath peirced into the brest or concavity of the body if the ayre come forth at the wound making a certaine whizzing noyse if the patient breathe with great difficulty if he feele a great heavinesse or weight on or about the midriffe whereby it may be gathered that a great quantity of blood lyeth on the place or midriffe and so causeth him to feele a weight or heavinesse which by little and little will bee cast up by vomiting But a little after a feaver commeth and the breath is unsavory and stinking
consequetur a qua Convulsio a convulsione cita mors Quorum symptomatum metu Galenus non ante transversa vulnera suere audebat quod tamen minus erat periculosum quà m masculorum apoucuroses denudasset Adde quòd forcipes quibus post sectionem iterum carnem dilacerat cum retracta versus originem vasa se posse extrahere somniat non minorem adferant dolorem quà m ignita ferramenta admota Quod si quis laniatum expertus incolumis evaserit is Deo optimo maximo cuius Beneficentia crudelitate ista carnificina liberatus est maximas gratias habere semper agere debet which is thus Ill then and too arrogantly a certaine indiscreet and rash person would blame and condemne the cauterizing of vessells after the amputation of a rotten and corrupted member much praised and commended and alwayes approved by the Ancients desiring to shew and teach us without reason judgement and experience a new way to tye the vessells against the opinion of the Ancient Physitions taking no heede nor being well advised that there happens farre greater perills and accidents through this new way of tying the vessells which he will have to be made with a needle piercing deepely the sound part than by the burning and ustion of the sayd vessells for if the needle shall pricke any nervous part yea the nerve it selfe when he shall by this new and accustomed way absurdly constraine the veine by binding it there must necessarily follow a new inflammation from an inflammationâ— convulsion from a convulsion death for feare of which accidents Galen never durst stitch transversall veines which notwithstanding were lesse dangerous before he had discovered the Aponeuroses of the muscles Moreover the pincers with which after the section 〈…〉 is againe dilacerated while he thinkes to draw the vessells out which are drwne in toward their originall bring no lesse paine than the cautering irons doe And if any one having experimented this new manner of cruelty have escaped danger he ought to render thankes to almighty God forever thâ—ougâ— whose goodnesse he hath beene freed from such tyrannie feeling rather his executioner than his methodicall-Chirurgion O what sweete words are heere for one who is sayd to be a wise and learned Doctor he remembers not that his white beard admonisheth him not to speake any thing unworthy of his age and that he ought to put off and drive out of him all envie and â—ancor conceived against his neighbour So now I will proove by authority reason and experience that the sayd Veines and Arteryes ought to be tyed Authorities AS for Authorities I will come to that of that worthy man Hippocrates who wils and commands the cure of Fistula's in the fundament by ligature as well to consume the callosity as to avoyd hemorragie Galen in his method speaking of a fluxe of blood made by an outward cause of whom see heere the words It is saith he most sure to tye the foote of the vessell which I understand to be that which is most neere to the Liver or the heart Avicen commands to tye the veine and the Arterie after it is discovered towards his originall Guido of Cauliac speaking of the wounds of the Veines and Arteries injoyneth the Chirurgion to make the ligature in the vessell Master Hollier speaking of a fluxe of blood commands expressely to tye the vessells Calmetheus in the chapter of the wounds in the Veines and Arteries tells a most sure way to stay a fluxe of blood by ligature of the vessell Celsus from whom the sayd Physition hath snatched the most part of his booke chargeth expressely to tye the vessells in a fluxe of blood happening to wounds as a remedy most easie and most sure Vesalius in his Chirurgery willeth that the vessells be tyed in a fluxe of blood Iohn de Vigo treating of a hemorragie in bleeding wounds commands to tye the Veine and the Artery Tagaultius treating of the meanes to stay a fluxe of blood commands to pinch the Veine or Artery with a Crow or Parrots bill then to tye it with a very strong thred Peter of Argillata of Bullongne discoursing of a fluxe of blood and the meanes to stoppe it giveth a fourth way expressely which is made by ligature of the vessells Iohn Andreas a Cruce a Venetian makes mention of a method to stay a fluxe of blood by the ligature of the vessells D'Alechamp commands to tye the Veines and Arteries See then my little good man the authorities which command you to tye the vessells As for the reasons I will debate of them The hemorragie say you is not so much to be feared in the section of the Call as that of the Varices and the incision of the temporall Arteries as after the amputation of a member Now you your selfe command that in cutting the Variâ—es the fluxe of blood be stopped by the ligature of the vessells You command the same speaking of the stitch with the amputation and section of the Call changed by the outward ayre see heere your owne words After that must bee considered concerning the Call for if there be any part corrupted putrified withered or blackish First having tyed for feare of a fluxe of blood you doe not bid afterward to have it cauterized but to say the truth you have your eyes shut and all your senses dulled when you would speake against so sure a method and that it is not but through anger and an ill will For there is nothing which hath more power to drive reason from her seate than choler and anger Moreover when one comes to cauterize the dismembred parts oftentimes when the escar comes to fall off there happens a new flux of blood As I have seene divers times not having yet beene inspired by God with so sure a meanes then when I used the heate of fire Which if you have not found or understood this method in the bookes of the Ancients you ought not thus to tread it under your feete and speake unluckely of one who all his life hath preferred the profit of the Common-wealth before his owne particular Is it not more than reasonable to bee founded upon the saying of Hippocrates upon whose authority you serve your selfe which is thus That what the medicament cureth not the iron doth and what the iron doth not amend the fire exterminateth It is a thing which savours not of a Christian to fall to burning at the first dash without staying for any more gentle remedies As you your selfe write speaking of the conditions required in a Chirurgion to cure well which passage you borrow from some other place for that which may bee done gently without fire is much more commended than otherwise Is it not a thing which all schooles hold as a Maxime that we must alwaies begin with most easie remedies which if they be not sufficient we must then come to extreame following the doctrine of Hippocrates Galen commands in
ulcered and all the bones cariez'd and rotten prayed me for the honor of God to cut off his Legge by reason of the great paine which he could no longer endure After his body was prepared I caused his legge to be cut off fowre fingers below the rotula of the knee by Daniel Powlet one of my servants to teach him and to imbolden him in such workes and there he readily tyed the vessells to stay the bleeding without application of hot irons in the presence of Iames Guillemeaâ— ordinary Chirurgion to the King and Iohn Charbonell master Barber Chirurgion of Paris and during the cure was visited by Master Laffile and Master Courtin Doctors Regents in the facultie of Medicine at Paris The said operation was made in the house of Iohn Gohell Inkeeper dwelling at the signe of the white horse in the Greve I will not here forget to say that the Lady Princesse of Montpeâ—sier knowing that he was poore and in my hands gave him money to pay for his chamber and diet He was well cured God be praysed and is returned home to his house with a wooden Leg. Another History A Gangreene happened to halfe of the Legge to one named Nicholas Mesnager aged threescore and sixteene yeares dwelling in S. Honores street at the signe of the Basket which happened to him through an inward cause so that wee were constrained to cut off his Legge to save his life and it was taken off by Anthony Renaud master Barber Chirurgion of Paris the 16. day of December 1583. in the presence of Master Le Fort and Master La Noüe sworne Chirurgions of Paris and the blood was stanched by the Ligature of the vessells and hee is at this present cured and in health walking with a woodden Leg. Another History A Waterman at the Port of Nesle dwelling neare Monsieur de Mas Postmaster named Iohn Boussereau in whose hands a Musket brake asunder which broke the bones of his head and rent and tore the other parts in such sort that it was needfull and necessary to make amputation of the hand two fingers above the wrist which was done by Iames Guillemeau then Chirurgion in ordinary to the king who dwelt at that time with me The operation likewise being redily done and the blood stancht by the Ligature of the vessells without burning irons hee is at this present living Another History A Merchant Grocer dwelling in St Denis street at the signe of the great Tournois named the Iudge who fell upon his head where was made a wound neare the temporall muscle where he had an artery opened from whence issued forth blood with great impetâ—osity in so much that common remedies would not serve the turne I was called thither where I found Master Rasse Master Cointeret Master Viard sworne Chirurgions of Paris to stay the blood where presently I tooke a needle and thread and tyed the arterie and it bled no more after that and was quickly cured Master Rousselet can witnesse it not long since Deacon of your Facultie who was in the cure with us Another History A Sergeant of the Chastler dwelling neare S. Andrew des Arts who had a stroake of a sword upon the throate in the Clackes medow which cut asunder the jugular veine externe as soone as he was hurt he put his handkercher upon the wound and came to looke mee at my house and when hee tooke away his handkercher the blood leaped out with great impetuosity I suddainly tyed the veine toward the roote he by this meanes was stanched and cured thankes be to God And if one had followed your manner of stanching blood by cauteries I leave it to be supposed whether he had beene cured I thinke hee had beene dead in the hands of the operator If I would recite all those whose vessells were tyed to stay the blood which have beene cured I should not have ended this long time so that me thinkes there are Histories enough recited to make you beleeve the blood of veines and arteries is surely stanched without applying any actuall cauteries DV BARTVS He that doth strive against experience Daignes not to talke of any learned science NOw my little Master seeing that you reproach me that I have not written all the operations of Chirurgery in my workes which the Ancients writ of I should be very sorry for it for then indeede might you justly call me Carnifex I have left them because they are too cruell and am willing to follow the modernes who have moderated such cruelty which notwithstanding you have followed step by step as appeareth by the operations here written extracted from your booke which you have drawne here and there from certaine ancient Authors such as follow and such as you have never practised nor seene The first operation TO inveterate fluxions of the eyes Migrimes Paulus Aegineta as also Albucasis command to make Arteriotomie see here the words of the same Aeginete You marke the Arteries which are behind the eares then divide them in cutting to the very bone and make a great incision the breadth of two fingers which is the will also of Aetius that the incision be made tranverse cutting or incising the length of two fingers even till that the Artery be found as you command to bee done in your booke but I holding the opinion of Galen who commands to dresse the diseased quickly safely and with the least paine that is possible I teach the young Chirurgion the meanes to remedy such evills in opening the Arteries behind the eares and those of the Temples with one onely incision as a letting blood and not to make a great incision and cut out worke for a long time The second operation TO fluxions which are made a long time upon the eyes Paul Aeginete and Albucasis command to make incision which they call Periscythismos or Augiologie of the Greekes and see heere the words of Paul In this operation first the head is shaved then taking heede of touching the temporall muscles a transverse incision must bee made beginning at the left Temple and finishing at the right which you have put in your booke word for word without changing any thing which sheweth openly you are a right wound-maker as may be sâ—ene in the Chapter which you call the Crowne cut which is made halfe round under the Coronall suture from one temple to the another even to the bone Now I doe not teach such a cruell kind of remedy but instruct the operator by reason authority and notable proofe of a sure and certaine way to remedy such affections without butchering men in this kind The third IN the cure of the Empyema Paul Aeginete Albucasis and Celsus commanded to apply some 13. others 15. Cauterles to give issue to the matter contained in the breast as the said Celsus in the aforesaid place appointeth for Asthmatick people which is a thing out of all reason with respect to their honour be it
peeces of battery whereof the greatest part was flawed and broken I came backe also by Theroüenne where I did not see so much as stone upon stone unlesse the marke of a great Church For the Emperour gave commandement to the country people within five or six leagues about that they should empty and carry away the stones in so much that now one may drive a Cart over the Citty as is likewise done at Hedin without any appearance of Castle or Fortresse See then the mischeefe which comes by the warres And to returne to my purpose presently after my said Lord Vaudeville was very well of his Vlcer and little wanted of the entire cure which was the cause hee gave me my leave and made me be conducted with a Passeport by a Trumpet to Abbeville where I tooke post and went and found the King Henry my Master at Auâ—imon who received me with joy and a good countenance He sent for the Duke of Guise the high Constable of France and Monsieur d'Estrez to understand by me what had past at the taking of Hedin and I made them a faithfull report and assured them I had seene the great peeces of Battery which they had carried to S. Omer Whereof the King was very joyfull because hee feared least the enemy should come further into France He gave me two hundred Crownes to retire my selfe to my owne house and I was very glad to bee in liberty and out of this great torment and noise of Thunder from the Diabolicke artillery and farre from the Souldiers blasphemers and deniers of God I will not omit to tell here that after the taking of Hedin the king was advertised that I was not slaine but that I was a prisoner which his Majestie caused to be written to my wife by Monsieur du Goguier his cheefe Physition and that shee should not be in any trouble of mind for me for that I was safe and well and that he would pay my ransome The Battell of S. Quintin 1557. AFter the battell of S. Quintin the King sent me to the Fere in Tartemis toward Monsieur the Marshall of Bourdillon to have a Passeport by the Duke of Savoy to goe to dresse Monsieur the Constable who was grievously hurt with a Pistollshot in the backe whereof hee was like to dye and remained a prisoner in his enemies hands But the Duke of Savoy would never give consent that I should goe to the said Lord Constable saying hee should not remaine without a Chirurgion and that he doubted I was not sent onely to dresse him but to give him some advertisement and that he knew I understood something else besides Chirurgery and that he knew me to have beene his prisoner at Hedin Monsieur the Marshall of Bourdillon advertized the King of the Dukes deniall by which meanes the King writ to the said Lord of Bourdillon that if my Lady the Lord high Constables wife did send any body of her house which was an able man that I should give him a letter and that I should also have told him by word of mouth what the King and Monsieur the Cardinall of Lorraine had given me in charge Two dayes after there arrives a servant of the Lord Constables Chamber who brought him shirts and other linnen for which the sayd Lord Marshall gave Passe-port to goe to the sayd Lord Constable I was very glad thereof and gave him my letter and gave him his lesson of that which his Master should doe being prisoner I had thought being discharged of my embassage to returne toward the King But the sayd Lord of Bourdillon pray'd me to stay with him at the Fere to dresse a great number of people who were hurt and were thither retired after the battell and that he would send word to the King the cause of my stay which I did The wounds of the hurt people were greatly stinâ—king and full of wormes with Gangreene and putrifaction so that I was constrayned to come to my knife to amputate that which was spoyld which was not without cutting off armes and legges as also to Trepan diverse Now there were not any medicines to be had at the Fâ—re because the Chirurgions of our Campe had carried all with them I found out that the Chariot of the Artillery tarried behind at the Fere nor had it yet beene touched I prayd the sayd Lord Marshall that he would cause some of the drogues to be delivered unto me which were in it which he did and there was given to me one halfe onely at a time and five or sixe dayes after I way constrayned to take therest neither was there halfe enough to dresse so great a number of the people and to correct and stay the putrifaction and to kill the wormes which were entred into their wounds I washed them with Aeyptiacum dissolved in wine and Aqua vitae and did for them all which I could possible yet notwithstanding all my diligence very many of them dyed There were Gentlemen at the Fere who had charge to finde out the dead body of Monsieur de Bois-Dolphin the elder who had beene slaine in the battell they prayed me to accompany them to the Campe to finde him out amongst the dead if it were possible which indeed was impossible seeing that the bodyes were all disfavoured and overwhelmed with putrefaction We saw more than halfe a league about us the earth covered with dead bodyes neither could we abide long there for the cadaverous sents which did arise from the dead bodyes aswell of men as of horses And I thinke we were the cause that so great a number of flyes rose from the dead bodees which were procreated by their humidity and the heate of the Sunne having their tayles greene and blew that being up in the ayre made a shaddow in the Sunne We heard them buzze or humme which was much mervaile to us And I thinke it was enough to cause the Plague where they alighted My little master I would you had beene there as I was to distinguish the ordures and also to make report to them which were never there Now being cloyed and annoyed in that Countrey I prayd Monsieur the Lord Marshall to give me my leave to be gone and that I was affrayd I should be sicke by reason of my too great paines and the stinckes which did arise from the wounded bodyes which did almost all dye for what diligence soever was used unto them He made other Chirurgions to come finish the dressing of the sayd hurt people and I went away with his good grace and favour He wrote a letter to the King of the paines I had taken with the poore wounded Then I returned to Paris where I found yet many Gentlemen who had beene hurt and were there retired after the battell The Voyage of the Campe of Amiens 1558. THe King sent me to Dourlan and made me to be conducted by Captaine Govasâ— with fifty men in armes for feare I should be taken by the enemies And
of an hand and he said he felt there a great paine and smarting and likewise in his reines inso much that hee could not take any rest night or day neither had hee any appetite to eate but to drinke enough it was told mee hee fell often into faintings and swoonings and sometimes as it were into an Epilepsie and had often-times desire to vomit with such a trembling that hee could not carry his hands to his mouth Seeing and considering all these great accidents and the forces much abated truly I was much grieved to have gone to him because me thought there was little appearance that he could escape Notwithstanding to give him courage and good hope I told him that I would quickly set him on foote by the grace of God and the Physitions and Chirurgions helpe Having seene him I went a walking into a Garden where I prayed to God that hee would give me the grace to cure him and that hee would give a blessing to our hands and medicaments to combate against so many complicated maladies I bethought in my minde the wayes I must keepe to doe it They called mee to dinner I entred into the kitehin where I saw taken out of a great pot halfe a Mutton a quarter of Veale three great peeces of Beefe and two Pullets and a great peece of Bacon with great store of good Hearbes Then I said to my selfe this broth was full of juice and of good nourishment After dinner all the Physitions and Chirurgions assembled we entred into conference in the presence of Monsieur the Duke of Ascot and some Gentlemen that did accompany him I began to tell the Chirurgions that I mervailed much they had made no apertions in the Marquesses thigh which was all apostemated and the matter which issued out was very foule and stinking which shewed it had a long time lurked there and that I had found with my probe a Caries in the bone and small scales which were already separated they made mee answer hee would never give consent and likewise it was almost two monthes since they could winne him to put on cleane sheets on his bed neither dust one scarce touch the coverlet he fee lt so great paine Then said I for to cure him we must touch other things than the coverlet of the bed Each one said what hee thought best of the Lords greefe and for conclusion held it altogether deplorable I told them there was yet some hope because of his youth and that God and nature doe sometime such things which seeme to Physitions and Chirurgions to bee impossible My consultation was that all these accidents were come by reason of the bullet hitting neare the joynt of the knee which had broken the Ligaments tendons and aponeureses of the muscles which tye the sayd joynt together with the Os femoris also nerves veines and arteries from whence had followed paine inflammation aposteme and ulcer and that wee must begin the cure by the disease which was the cause of all the sayd accidents that is to say to make apertions to give issue to the matter reteined in the interspaces of the muscles and in the substance of them Likewise to the bones which caused a great corruption in the whole thigh from whence the vapors did arise and were carryed to the heart which caused the sincope and the feaver and the feaver an universall heate through the whole body and by consequent depravation of the whole Occonomie Like-wise that the said vapours were communicated to the braine which caused the Epilipsie and trembling and to the stomacke disdaine and loathing and hindred it from doing his functions which are cheefely to concoct and disgest the meate and to convert it into Chyluâ— which not being well concocted they ingender crudities and obstructions which makes that the parts are not nourished and by consequent the body dryes and growes leane and because also it did not doe any exercise for every part which hath not his motion remaineth languid and atrophiated because the heate spirits are not sent or drawne thither from whence followes mortification And to nourish and fatten the body frictions must be made universally through the whole body with warme linnen cloathes above below on the right side and left and round about to the end to draw the blood and spirits from within outward and to resolve any fuliginous vapours retained betweene the skinne and the flesh thereby the parts shall be nourished and restored as I have heretofore sayd in the tenth booke treating of wounds of Gunshot and wee must then cease when we see heate and rednesse in the skinne for feare of resolving that wee have already drawne and by consequent make it become more leane As for the Vlcer which he had upon his rumpe which came through too long lying upon it without being remooved which was the cause that the spirits could not florish or shine in it by the meanes of which there should bee inflammation aposteme and then ulcer yea with losse of substance of the subject flesh with a very great paine because of the nerves which are disseminated in this part That wee must likewise put him into another soft bed and give him a cleane shirt and sheets otherwise all that wee could doe would serve for nothing because that those excrements and vapors of the matter retained so long in his bed are drawne in by the Systole and Diastole of the Arteries which are disseminated through the skin and cause the spirits to change and acquire an ill quality and corruption which is seene in some that shall lye in a bed where one hath sweate for the Pox who will get the Pox by the putrid vapours which shall remaine soaked in the sheets and coverlets Now the cause why he could in no wise sleepe and was as it were in a consumption t' was because he eate little and did not doe any exercise and because hee was grieved with extreame paine For there is nothing that abateth so much the strength as paine The cause why his tongue was dry and fowle was through the vehemence of the heate of the feaver by the vapors which ascended through the whole body to the mouth For as we say in a common proverbe when an Oven is well heate the throate feeles it Having discoursed of the causes and accidents I sayd they must be cured by their contraries and first we must appease the paine making apertions in the thigh to evacuate the matter retained not evacuating all at a time for feare least by a sodaine great evacuation there might happen a great decay of spirits which might much weaken the patient and shorten his dayes Secondly to looke unto the great swelling and cold in his Legge fearing least it should fall into a Gangreene and that actuall heate must bee applyed unto him because the potentiall could not reduce the intemperature de potentiâ— ad actum for this cause hot brickes must bee applyed round about on which should bee cast
cevetous craft of impoâ—tore Remedies for the laceâ— and Meniux A spunge fit to 〈◊〉 with all Lib. de 〈◊〉 cap. Lib. de fascâ—js The discommodities of too straite binding of the head What cloathes we must use How the patient must lye in his bed Paulus lib. 6. cap. 90. Remedies for the inflammation of the Crass Meninx How we must open the Crassa Meninx when it is impostumate The causes and remedies of the blackenesse of the Dura Mater Remedies for contusion For congâ—â—led blood For the hurt received by the ayre What medicines make the Crassa Meniux blacke Medicines against that putrefaction of the Meniux Why the Crassa Meninx easily endures acrid medicines Signes of death at hand What the concussion of the braine is The opening of the Vena Puppis A discussing â—omentatior A caution in somenting the head A description of V. goes Cerate A History Aph. 58 sect 7. That there may be an abscesse in the braine Aph 10. sect 6. Gal. lib. deine aqual â—…temp Rhas cap. 4. continent Avâ—cen cap. de exit seâ— 3. lib 4. cap. 20. A History Lib. 8. de usâ— part com ad aph 18. sect 6. Why fat cannot be generated under the scull Signes of a faâ—â—y substance Why vve treat in particular of wounds of the face A thing to be observed in wounds of the eye-brows Lagophthalâ—iâ— is a quite contrary to the falling downe of the eye-lids A repercussive to be put into the eye Divers repercusaives to be applyed to the eye Things actually cold are hurtfull to the eyes Anodyne medicines for the eyes Narcotickes Detergent medicices A sarcoti â—â—e â—dâ—ane for the eyes A drying fomentation A medicine to consume a fleshvex croscence without biaing A Seton a good remedy against inveterate defluxions into the eyes A History A Seton good against the falling sickenâ—sse The manner of making a Seton The use of a dry suture How to make a dry suture A Suture fit for hare-lips The manner thereof What hare-lips are A decoction good to wash away putridematter A small hole remaining after the cure of great wounde How many wayes the nose may be â—urt The cure of a broken nose The use of pipes in broken nose How many wayes the continuity of the tongue may be loosed The cure of a cloven tongue A History Nature oft doth strange things in the cures of diseases How many wayes the unity of eares may be violated How to sow a wounded Ears The differences of wounds of the necke and throate The palsie followes upon wounds of the necke Signes that the gullet is wounded The wounds of the iugular veines and fleepy Arteries are deadly by accident By hurting the recurrent Nerve the voyce is hurt The discription of the Authors Balsame The faculty of Diacalcitheas The cure of the wounded Weazon and gullet A gargarisme The manifold use thereof A History A strange History Another History The differences of wounds of the Chest The signes Signes that the heart is wounded A History Signes that the Lungs are wounded Signes that the midriffe is wounded A History Another History Signes that there is blood poured into the capacity of the Chest Signes that the spine is wounded Vigo tract de vul therat cap. 10. A History Why bitter things must not be cast in to the Chest Reade the History of Maryllus in Galen lib. 7. de Anatom admismistra What harme ensues the too long use of tents No liniments must be used in wounds of the Chest Wounds of the Chest easily degenerate into a Fistula Why there flowes such planty of matter out of wounds of the Chest The cure ofa Fistula in the Chest When Aegyptiacum must be put into the inâ—ections What wounds of the Lungs cureable The harme that ensues upon coughing in wounds of the Lungs How Eclegma's must be swallowed The utility of Sugar of roses in ulcerated or wounded Lungs The reason of the name The differences theroof The causes The Signes Why in hectickes the heate is more acride after meate The signes of a hecticke ioyned with a putride feaver The cure A symptomaticall hecticke An essentiall hecticke Things to bee taken inwardly The benefit of medicinall nourishments The choyce of meates How Asses milke must be used in a hecticke Womans milk more wholsome than Asses Things to be outwardly applyed A caution in the choyse of Oyles The differences of bathes Why the patients must not enter the Bath fasting How to prepare the body for the Bath Things strengthening the ventricle Epithemes What a fluxe happening in a hecticke feaver Indicates How children be cured Their differences Signes of a wounded liver Signes that the stomacke and smaller guts are wounded Signes to know when the greater guts are wounded Signes that the Kidneyes are hurt Signes that the Bladder is wounded Signes that the wombe is wounded Prognosticks Lib. 6. cap. 88. A Historie Another Historie The cure of a wounded Gut The cure when the Kall falls out Hip. Aph. 58. sect 6. Lib. 6. Metb. cap. 4. The cure of the wounded fat Why wounds of the inside of the Thigh are oft times deadly The large Tendon of the hee le hard to consolidate Differences drawne from things wounded Their symptomes Why a puncture of a nerve is deadly A wound of the nervous parts indicates contrary to the generall cure of wounds A Historie Medecines fit for wounds of the nerves what wounde of the Nerves must be burnt A certaine Anodyne in paine of the teeth Why Escharoticks must be used to spreading ulcers A famous historie A discussing and drying cataplasme A Historie An anodyne and Sarcotick Balsame A generall rule for all wounds of all Nervous parts Why wounds of the ioynts are malignant The cure An astringent and drying cataplasme Aphor. 20. sect 5. What matter usually flowes from wounds of the joynts Why things actually hot must be applyed to the wounded ioynts Of the site and posture of wounded joynts Ligaments more dry than Nerves and without sense Lib. 2. inventor 〈◊〉 Cap. 8. prim par â—ar lect Who the inventor of Guns The reason of the name The danger of Pistolls A comparison of the ancient weapons with the moderne Plin. Lib. 2. Cap. 54. Plin. Lib. 2. Cap. 55. Sâ—â—ton in Tiberio The wondrous force of great Ordinance Plin. Lib. 21 Cap. 50. The arguments of the following discourses Lib. 1. de â—… ner Cap. 8. What chance may doe in finding out of remedies The description of oyle of Whelpes Gun-pouder not poisonous Bullets shot out of a Gun doe not burne A Historie A medicine hindering blistring in burnes or scalds A Historie Wounds made by Gunshot must be dressed with suppuratives The causes of difficultie in this cure A Historie What makes Chirurgions sometimes use cauâ—… curing woundâ— made by Gunshot The occasion of writing this discourse The argument of this discourse Gunpouder is not poyson nous Of what it is made Lib. 5. Cap. 73. Lib. 9. simpl Cap 36. Bullets cannot be poysoned As Galen notes adsent 20. et
21. sect 3. lib. 3. Epid. Wounds made by Gunshot are not burnt The reason why wounds made by Gun-shot looke blacke The reasons of our adversaries refelled Quaest nat lib. 2. cap. 49. The stinking smell of lightning Quaest 2. cap 51. The wonderfull nature of some lightning A Historie Why the wounds made by Gunshot some few yeares agone were so deadly The cause of the transmutation of the Elements * These bellowes here mentioned by the Author are Bals made of Brasse in forme of a peare with a very small hole in their lesser ends when you would fill them with water you must heate them very hot and so the aire which is conteined in them will be exceedingly rarified which by putting them presently into water will be condensate as much and so will draw in the water to supply the place ne detur Gacuum Theâ— put them into the fire and it againe rarifying the water into aire will make them yeelde a strong continued and forcible blast The cause of the report and blow of a Cannon A Historie The cause of an Earth-quake How the aire becomes hurtfull Aphor. 17. sect 3. Flesh quickly putrifies in maritime places In what bodies 〈◊〉 and wounds are not easily cured An argument of great putrifaction of the humors All contused wounds must bee brought to suppuration A division of wounds â—on the variety of the Wounded parts From the difference of Bullets Wounds made by 〈◊〉 shot 〈…〉 〈◊〉 Signes of Wounds from their figure From their colour From the feeling the blow From the bleeding From the heats of the Wound Whence these wounds are so much confused Strange bodies must first be pulled forth The manner how to draw them forth What probes fit search these wounds A Caution in the use of suppuratives Why Escharotickes must be eschewed in these kinds if they be simple How an Eschar may cause putrefaction The description of an Egyptiacum How and when to temper this Egyptiacum The oyle of Whelpes a digestive anodyne and fit medicine to procure the falling away of an Eschar Lib de ulter The faculties of the powder of Mercury The force of ealcined vitrioll How wounds made by Gun-shot may be combait Scarification An Astringent repelling medicine The binding up How oft the wound must be drest in a day Why wounds made by Gun-shot are so long before they come to suppuration Why Turpentine must be washed Gal. lib. 3. Meth. A detergent medicine Why tents must be neither too long nor thicke When you must use injections An Injection The quantity of Egyptiacum to be used in an injection Why none of of the iniection must beleft in the wound Hollow tents or pipes The manner of binding up the wound Two causes that make strange bodies hard to he taken forth The Indication which is drawne from the strength of the patient is the chiefest of all other Why wounds of the head at Paris and of the legges at Avignion are hard to be cured An indication to be drawne from the quicke and 〈◊〉 of the wounded parts Gal. lib. 7. Meth. et 2. ad Glauc Gal. lib. 7. Meth. How and when we must take indication of curing from a symptome Why such as are wounded must keepe a slender Diet Why we must open a veine in such as are wounded by Gunshot Gal. Lib. 4. Meth. cap. 6. Gal. Lib. 1 de comp Med. secund gen c. 〈◊〉 An Anodyne and ripening Cataplasme Why Leaden Bullets lye in the body so many yeeres without doing any harme Cordialls to strengthen the noble parts A cordiall Epithem Pomandera Frontalls to cause rest and strengthen the animall faculty A sweete water Perfumes to burne The maligne symptomes which usually happens upon wounds made by Gunshot Matter may flow from the wounded Iimbes into the belly A breefe recid tall of the manner of the cure Horride symptomes occasioned by a wound made by Gun-shot Incisions wherefore made Wherefore I used fomentations Mixed or round frictions as they terme them A medicated Lye A discussing Cataplasme The occasion of writing this Apologie The chiefe heads of our adversaries Treatise All wounds made by Gun-shot are contused A suppurative medicine of tryed efficacy The force of Egyptiacum against putrefaction The force of the ayre in breeding and augmenting diseases A History Hip. Aph. 1. sect 3. In our second discourse The power of the starres upon the Aire and our bodies Aoho 20. sect 5. The similitude betweene Thunder and great Ordinance maintained Our adversaries method and manner of cure reproved Gal. lib. 9. simpl 10. Method Vinegar put into a wound doth not stay but causes bleeding A History Balmes are fit to heale simple but not contused wounds Egyptiacum howsoever made is a clenser not a suppurative The occasion of this Apologie The reasons of our adversaries that the Bullets may be poysoned set downe and confuted In praefat 〈◊〉 6. Diascor Wounds made with Arrowes and such like things are often without contufion But are oft-times poysoned The differences of Arrowes In matter In signe In bignes In number In making In force You must not leave the weapon in the wound The manner of drawing forth 〈◊〉 and such weapons When to draw forth the weapon on the coutrary side When by the same way it went in A Caution The benefit of bleeding in wounds The signes of poysoned wounds Remedies in poysoned wounds Gal. Lib. de artis constâ—â—â—t Sect. 2. lib. de fracturis Causes of Bruises and Sugillations Sect. 2. lib. de fract Ad sentent 62. sect 3. lib. de Articulit A potion to dissolve and evacuate clotted blood A hot sheeps skinne A discussing oyntment A sudorificke potion to dissolve congealed blood Surupe hindering putrifaction and congealing of blood A drinke for the same purpose A pouder for the same The distilled water of greene Walnuts Baths Lib. 3. de vict deut lib. 3. de morb Sect. 2. lib. fract A suppurative Cataplasme A caution to be observed How contused wounds must be sowed Phlebotomie Scarifying Cupping glasses Astrictives how good in Contusions After astrictives must follow discussives Sect. 2. lib. de fract The cause of a Gangreene The use of a Scarificator A fomentation to discusse and draw to the skinne In sect 2. lib. de fiactur A discussing plaister Hip. sect 3. lib. de art sent 58. 65. Remedies for a mucous and flatulent tumor of the ribbes The cause Mummie a frequent and usuall medicine in contusions The reason that the Author makes no mention thereof amongst his medicines The opinion of the Arabians concerning it Lib. 4. cap. 84. Another opinion of Mummie Another What our Mummie usually is Mummie is no way good for contusions But hurtfull and how The effects of oxycrate in Contusions The reason and syptomes of Combustions The cause of the blisters rising upon burnes Variety of medicines to take away the heate and asswage the paine How fire may asswage the paine of burning Beaten Onions good for burns and how Lib. 5. simpl How often in
the decoction ought to be performed with a dry heat Whether it bee fit to adde purges to a decoction of Guajacum Hip. aph ult sect 6. How and in what quantity this decoction must be taken How to dry the sweat of the body The manner of diet To whom and what manner of wine may be allowed The description of China The preparation Of sarsaparilla When the body must be prepared with humecting things before unction How to kill argentum vivum What to mixe therewith An unction with argentum vivum Another How to make it How to prepare the hogs-grease before you mixe the argentum vivum therewith Cold most hurtfull to such as are troubled with the Lues 〈…〉 The patient if it may be conveniently done must be anointed fasting In what places the body must be anointed Where to begin the unction What it is that maketh the art of Physick conjecturall Who must be rubbed over once who twice in a day and who but every other day Lib. de venae sect Nature is not sufficiently able to expell the virulent matter Signes that the crisis is nigh Inconveniences following upon immoderate unctions For what persons a purging decoction of Guajacum is good The cure of a Dysentery occasioned by too strong friction The cure by emplasters more slow In what case they are chiefly usefull The description of an emplaster What excretion best in this disease To avoyd the ulcers of the mouth To cure them Reestrictive repelling gargarismes To dry the ulcers of the mouth Manner of diet when the mouth is ulcerated To make their drinke nourishing The hurt that followes upon fumigations What fumigations good The common manner of using them The matter of them Trochisces for fumigations The ulcers of the prâ—puce more maligne than those of the Glans Lanfrancke Collyrium * This which by our Author is here termed 〈…〉 viâ—ulent 〈…〉 in Frâ—ch chaudeâ—â—sse is the same which by other Authors is usually termed 〈…〉 What a virulent strangury is The cause of the convulsive distension of the â—ard 〈…〉 definit 〈…〉 Galen What kind of matter floweth forth in a virulent strangury The cause of a particular repletion of the privie parts The causes of the inanition of the genitall parts The reason of a contagious strangury A virulent strangurie continues with some during their lives A history From what part the matter of a virulent strangury flowes Diet. For a strangury occasioned by repletion For the decay of the retentive faculty Diet. Pillâ— The force of Venice turpentine in this disease How to bee made potable An injection to stay inflammation The faculties of milke against a virulent strangury How to make water without paine Detergent injections How the cleansed ulcers may be dryed How caruncles come to grow upon the ulcers of the genitall parts Callous caruncle hard to cure Signes The supprest urine comes forth whereas it can get vene The fittest time for the cure Why venery must be eschewed The particular cure A fomentation A cataplasme A littiment Vigoes emplaster effectuall to soften a caruncle A suffumigium Ad Glauc lib. 2. cap. 5. Particular defaults of the Lues 〈◊〉 not to be cured unlesse by the generallremedy of the viruleney Caruncles if callous must first be softened A pouder to waste caruncles How to apply it An injection to hinder inflammation An emplaster used by the Surgeons of Monipelier for Caruncles Another emplaster How to apply it A caution 〈◊〉 making water Signes that the Caruncle is worne away An epuloticke injection Quicksilver by drying causeth cicatrication The efficient and materiall causes of venereous Bubo's What Bubo's foretell the Lues venerea Cupping A potentiall Cautery The matter of knots and virulent Tophi An emplaster against the bunching out of the bones Gal. meth 6. The frequent cause of the rottennesse of bones Hip. lib. de ulc fract Gal. lib. de tum cont nat Signes of the rottennesse Hardnesse is no infallible signe of sound bones The cure of a rotten bone A catagmatick powder A desquamatory or scailing pâ—aiâ—er Dios 3. cap 78. Signes that the rottennesse is taken away Actuall Cauteries to be preferred before potentiall Potentiall Cauteries Manner of applying of Cauteries Oile of whelpes helps forwards the casting off of scailes A caution in moving the scailes of burnt bones Cephalick pouders of what composed The use of vulnerary potions The forme of a vulnerary potion In what time of the disease they are chiefly to be used Signes of the new bred disease The cure of newly come Tetters A water drying virulent tetters The cure of old tetters A Fumigation A Liniment The cure A treacle water The manner of making it Rondeletius his Treacle water What the small pockes and Meazles are Their matter Why the Meazles doe not itch Prognostickes A historie What grievous and pernitious symptomes may happen by the small pockes The cure The child must have no pappe How sound sleepe doth harme in this disease Of purging bleeding and sudorifickes A history A sudorificke decoction When it is best to procure sweat How to defend the eyes When the eyes mustâ—… be de fended by repercussives onely How to defend the nose How the mouth How the lungs How to prevent pock-arres Remedies for excoriation For the ulcers of the mouth and jawes To help the unsighrly scars of the face A comparison between the bigger and lesser world The generation of wind in mans body Of water Of stones Of fruits from the first conformation Lib. de morh inter cap. I. Lib. 5. de part morbis cap. 7. A history A historie Nicolaus Flor. Gord. lib. 7. c. 18. Lib. error popul Lib. de occuls nat mir cap. 8. Lib. de divinis natur charactcrismis A historie A historie The efficient materiall auses of such things as are pretematurally generated in our bodies How worms are generated The reason that they sometimes come forth at the mouth The differences of worms A history A history In observat In what places of the belly wormes are generated Ad finem lib. 4. de morbis Signes of wormes in the small guts Signes of wormes in the great guts Signes of Ascarides Why wormes of divers coloures are more dangerous The generall indications of curing he wormes Wherefore and wherewith such as have the wormes must be purged Harts-horne good against the wormes Suppositories against the Ascarides A plaster against the wormes A caution A feaver sometimes a symptome and sometimes a disease Lib. 4. cap. 1. Lib. 2. cap. 11. There is a certaine hidden virulency in the Leprosie The primitive cause of a Leprosie How they may be leprous from their first conformation The antecedent cause of a Leprosie The conjunct cause How it comes to be deadly The beginning of a Leprosie The encrease The state The declension The first signe of the Leprosie II. IIII. Why it is called morbus leoninus V. VI. VII VIII IX X. XI XII XIII XIIII XV. XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX. Why their faces seeme to
dry In what cases good What the plague is Sect. 3. aphor How it comes to kill The originall Bubo's Carbuncles c. in the plague Amos 3. Acts 17 The second causes have their power from God as the first cause The generall causes of the plague Lib. 6 de loc affectis How the seasons of the yeere may be said to want their seasonablenesse How the aire may be corrupted Lib. 8. hist aâ—iâ— Pestiferous putrefaction is â—ar different from ordinary putrefaction In a pestilent constitution of the aire all diseases become pestilent Lib. 1. de differ feb How the aire may be said to putrefie A Southerly constitution of the aire is the fuell of the Plague Three causes of the putrefâ—ction of humours Passions of the mind helpe forward the putrefaction of the humours Why Abortionâ— are frequent in a pestilent season A Catarrhe with difficulty of breathing killing many The english sweating sicknesse The Plague is not the definite name of one disease What signes in the earth forâ—tell a Plague How pestilent vapours may kill plants and trees Change of places the surest prevention of the Plague Two things of chiefe account for prevention Diet for prevention of the Plague Discommodities of a cloudy or toggy aire Why the South wind is pestilent The efficacy of fire against the Plague Moderate repleâ—ion good for prevention A strange art to drive away the Plague The antipathy of poysons with poysons Whether in the plague time one must travell by night or by day Why the Moon is to be shunned Garlick good against the Plague What water to be made choice oâ— in the Plague time Aqua theriacalis good against the Plague both inwardly taken outwardly applyed The composition thereof A Cordiall water A Cordiall clectuary Anâ—… Another Another A consection to be taken in the morning against the pestilent Aire A March-pane Pils of Ruffus Other pils Other pils Of what nâ—…e the medicines outwardly used ought to be Pomanders Sweet poudeâ—… Bagges Unsavory things to bee eschewed An unguent Why venery is to be shunned Running ulcers good in time of pestilence Places to be shunned in time of plague What company to be avoided You must doe nothing in a pestilent season whereby you may grow too hot Why dogs and cats must be killed in a plague time Why Bathes and hot-houses are not then to be allowed Such as dye of the plague doe quickly putrefiâ— Lib. 2. de occult â—at mirac The villany of some baâ—e people Our lots are in the hands of the Lord. Where to make issues in the time of the Plague Cap 8. Epist 2. What to weare How to visite your patients A history Whence certain signes of the Plague may be taken The cause of such as have the Plague suddenly changed Why some that â—e taken with the plague are â—eepy Why their urine are like those that are â—â—und An ulcerous painefull wearinesse from the beginning sheweth the Plague to be deadly Why they have no sores Sâ—gnes of choler When the urine is to be looked upon Why some are much troubled with thirst others not at all No certain prediction in tâ—… Plaâ—… A history Why young men sooner take the Plague than old What Plague most contagious Who least subject to take the Plague Who subject thereto Signes that the disease is incurable A good signe A deadly signe In whâ—t aire most contagious What effects feare and confidence produce in the Plague The originall of the Plague alwaies from the Aire Signes that natuee is oâ—â—come Change of the Aire â—onduâ—â—â—h to the cure of the Plague Aire penâ— up is apt to putreâ—… The materials for sweet fires Lib 16. cap 13. Perfumes Sweet candles A sweet water to smell to A Nodula to smell to Why such as have the plague may feed more fully Pulse must be shunned The manner of diet For the second course In the end of the meale A restaurative drinke An Oxymel A Julep The commodities of oxycrate To whom hurtfull The drinking of cold water to whom when profitable Lib. 3. cap. 7. For drynesse or roughnesse of the mouth For the Ulcers thereof The choice of waters Hip. sect 5. aphor 26. The beginning of the cuâ—… must be by antidotes In what quantity they must be taken Why poisonous things are put into Antidotes Some poysons Antidotes to othersome How to walke after the taking of an Antidote A sudoâ—ifick potion A sudorifick powder A distilled water against the Plague Another What meane to be used in sweating Whereof they must be made Repercussives not fit to be applyed to Carbuncles Reasons for and against bloud-letting in the Plague The composing of this controversie A history When purging and bleeding may be used Aph. 22 sect 2. Aph. 10. sect 4. Cap. 7. lib 3. Why bloud must 〈◊〉 let on th â—…me in the Plague What purges fit in thel lague Pils An effectuall sudorifick and also purging medicine The vertues of Mugwort Vide Rondelet Lib. 7. de pâ—s c. 3. 〈◊〉 Potion The effects of mercury copperose against the Plague The cause of phrensie in the Plague The benefit of opening an artery Aph. 10. sect 6. A history To stay bleeding Medicines to â—â—ocuresleep A Cataplasme An ointment for the reines An ointment for the heart The noise of dropping water drawes on sleep The differences of the spots in the plague Their severall names and the reasons of them When signes of death Why they somtimes appeare after the death of the patient They are to be cured by driving â—orth The indication of curing taken 〈◊〉 the like An ointment to draw them forth when as they appear too slowly In proâ—… 〈◊〉 Diâ—sâ— What a pesâ—â—lent Bubo is The signe of Bubo's salutary and deadly The use of cupping glasses in curing a Bubo A liniment A compound 〈◊〉 Why vesicatories are better than cauâ—… in a pestilent 〈◊〉 Strong drawing 〈◊〉 Against such as cut away plague 〈◊〉 A digestive fomentation An anodine Cataplasme Why it is best to open a Plague-sore with a potentiall cautery How to draw forth a sore that seems to goe in againe When repercussives may be applyed Why too much bleeding is to be feared Lâ—â—iments to hasten the falling way of the Eschar Against â—ating ulcers The praise of Aegyptiacum What a Carbuncle is The signes of a Carbuncle When so called Symptomes of Carbuncles How the matter of a Bubo Carbuncle differ Why it is deadly to have a sore come after the Feaver Huge postilent Abscesses commonly deadly Deadly Carbuncles A history How to distinguish purple spots from flea-bitings Why Emplastick very hot and great drawers are not good for a carbuncle A Cataplasme for a pestilent Carbuncle Another Other Cataplasmes The effect of Scabious against a pestilen Carbuncle A Radish root drawes out the venome powerfully The top of a Carbuncle when why and with what to be â—urneâ— The falling of the Eschar promiâ—eth health A twofold indication Why the adjacent parts are troubled with 〈◊〉 A fomentation for this
itch Why these ulcerâ—ate hard to beâ—icaâ—â—iâ—ed Two sorts of Epuloticks Remedies against the deformity of scarres Ointments to attenuate and take away scars Why the pestilent malignity is not carâ—ied away by one way but by many We must have chiefe regard to the motion of nature Signes of future sweat A Crises must not be expected in the Plague How to procure vomit Why vomit must not be forced The effect of spitting in pestilent diseases The force of salivation The force of sneesing The commodities of belching The whole body purged by urine When we ought to abstaine from diureticks How to provoke the courses How atomatick things provoke the courses Pessaries to provoke the retms How to stop the courses flowing too immoderately How to provoke the haemorrhoides What a Diarrhaea is What a Dysenteria is The cause of various and stinking excrements in the plague A history A potion Suppositories A hasty pudding to stay the lacke D. Chappelaines medicine to stay a scouring 〈◊〉 Ointments Glysters to stay â—… A glyster for ulcerated guts A very astringent glystar A nourishing glyster Tumours are oft-times discussed by the force of nature after they are suppurated The nurse must be dicted when as the child is sick Medicines may be given to such as are weaned Lib. 9. simp cap. 7. The benefit sweate The forme of a purge to be given to a child The fourth duty of a Surgeon Why the parts of plants being cut off may grow againe but those of man cannot A strange cure for a cut off nose A history Sect. 〈◊〉 lib. de art sent â—5 The causes and hurt that ensues of the lost pallat A remedy found out by accident A history Causes of crookednesse An instrument for such as cannot hold their water A history What varus is What valgus is A plaster to hold fast rest red bones The distinction of male and female The cause of this distinction What seed is The conditions of good seed Seed falleaâ— from all the parts of the body Wherefore many diseases are hereditary How feed is to be understood to fall from the whole body What moueth a man to copulation Why the genitall are endued with a whayish moisture The cause of the foldings of the sper maticke vessels Womens testcles more imperfect Why many men and women abhorre renercous copulation Why the strangury ensueth immoderate copulation What things necessary unto generation Why a male why a female is engendered Why men children are sooner formed in the womb than women The seed is that in power from whence each â—…ing commeth 〈…〉 floweth Why the children are most commonly like unto their fathers When children should be begotten Why often times the child resembleth the Grand-father Why sometime those that are â—…ased do get â—…d children Why the sense of venereous acts is given to brute beasts Why of brute beasts the males raging with lust follow after the females Wherefore a woman when she is with childe desireth copulation How women may be moved to venery and conception The meeting of the seeds most necessary for generation Spots or speeks in the faces of those that are with childe Why many women being great with childe refuse laudable meates and desire those that are illaudable contrary to nature The suppressed tearmes divided into three parts Hip. 1. de morb mul. Aph. 41. sect 5. Why the female seede is nutriment for the male seed A compendious way to understand humane conception Lib. de nat puer What the Cotylidones are The veine never joyneth it selfe with the artery Hippocrates calleth all the membranes that compasse the infant in the wombe according to the judgement of 〈◊〉 in his booke de usu partium by the name of the secundines An old opinion confuted To what use the knots of the childs navell in the wombe serveth The child in the wombe taketh his nutriment by his navell not by his mouth How the child breatheth The three bladders When the seede is called an embrion Why the live called Parenchyma Why the greater portion of goeth into generation of the head and braine Why the head is placed on the top of the body Exod. 20. qu. 52. The molae in the wombe liveth not as the child The life goeth not into the masse of seed that doth engender the child before the body of the child and each part thereof hath his perfect proportion and forme Why the life or soule doth not presently execute all his offices 1 Cor. c. 12. What the soule or life is The life is in all the whole bodys and in every portion thereof The life or soule is simple and indivisible Divers names and the reason of divers names that are given to humane formes Three kinds of living bodies The superiour soule containeth in it selfe all the powers of the inferiour What the common sense is The function of the common sense is double For what cause the internall sense is called the common sense The common sense understandeth or knoweth those things that are simple onely What Imagination is What Reason is The functions of Reason What Memory is Wisdome the daughter of memory and experience What an excrement is The excrement of the fist concoction The excrement of the second concoction is triple The excrement of the third concoction is triple The use of the navellstring The signes of speedy and easie deliverance Children born without a passage in their fundament Aph. 42. sect 5. Aph. 47. sect 3. Why the infant is borne sometimes with his head forwards In the time of childe birth the bones of Ilium and Os sacrum are drawne extended one from another An Italian fable The situation of the infant in the wombe is divers Mankinde hath no certain time of bringing forth young Why the child is scarce alive in the eight moneth Lib. 4. de hist anim cap. 7. The naturall easie child birth How the woman that travelleth in child-birth must bee placed in her bed An unction to supply the defect of the waters that are flowed out too long before the birth A powder to cause speedy deliverance in child-birth Aph. 35. 45. sect 5. A potion causing speedy deliverance What a woman in travell must take presently after her deliverance The cause of the after-throwes Why the secundine or after-birth must bee taken away presently after the birth of the childe The binding of the childs navel-string after the birth The defaults that are coÌ„monly in children newly borne The defaults of conformation must be speedily amended Remedies for the cancer in a childs mouth An old fable of King Chypus Which uncurable Which and how they are curable Why it is called the secundines The causes of the staying of the secundines Accidents that follow the staying of the secandines The manner of drawing out the 〈…〉 that 〈…〉 after the birth The cause of the falling down of the wombe Thr accidents that come of the 〈◊〉 pulling 〈…〉 the wombe together 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 secundine To draw fleame from the
childs mouth Milke soon corrupted in a flegmatick stomack The mothers milke is most similiar for the child The disease of the nurse is participated unto the child Gel. lib. 12. ca. 1. The best age of a nurse The best habit of body in a autse Lib. de inf nutr Of what behaviour the nurse must bee Why the nurse must abstaine from copulation What dugs a nurse ought to have What is to bee observed in the milke The laudable consistence of milke Why the milke ought to be very white Why a woman that hath red hair or freckles on her face cannot be a good nurse Why that nurse that hath borne a man childe is to be preferted before another Why she cannot be a good nurse whose childe was born before the time Anger greatly hurteth the nurse The exercise of the arms is best for the nurse How the child should be placed in the cradle Why an arch of wickers must be made over the childes head lying in the cradle Why a squint-eyed nurse causeth the childe to be squint-eyed How children become left-handed Three laudable conditions of pappe How the meale must be prepared to make the pap withall Why the meale wherewith the pap must be made must first be boiled or baked 1. de sanit 〈◊〉 A cataplasme to relaxe the childs belly For the fretting of the guts in children For the ulcers of the nipples or teats What moderate crying worketh in the infant What immoderate crying causeth When children must be weaned Why children must not be weaned before their 〈◊〉 appeare How children must be weaned What children are strong and found of body An often cause of sudden crookednesse A most certaine sign of the child dead in the wombe When the child is dead in the wombe hee is more heavie than he was before being alive That which is alive will not suffer that which is dead Lib. de tumorib Why the belly of a woman will be more bigge when the child is dead within her than it was before when it was alive The signes of a woman that is weake After what sort the woman in travell must be placed when the child being dead in her wombe must be drawne out How she must be bound How the Chirurgion ought to prepare himselfe and his patient to the drawing out of the child from the wombe How the infant that is dead in the womb must be turned bound and drawne out A caution to avoid strangling of the infant in drawing out the body Why the child must not bee drawn out with his hands forwards A history To diminish the wind wherewith the infant being dead in the wombe swolleth is pufted up that he cannot be gotten out of the wombe How the head of the infant if it remaine in the wombe separated from the body may be drawne out Why the head being alone in the wombe is more difficult to be drawne out Cold an enemy to women in travell What accidents follow the taking of cold in a woman that is delivered of child Secundines must be laid to the region of the wombe whilest they be warme Uugaents for the woman in travell that the region of the belly may not be wtiakled The medicine called Tela Gualterina A powder for the fretting of the guts What must bee done when the groine is torne in child-birth To drive the milke downe-wards By what reason and which way cupping-glasses being fastened on the groine or above the navell do draw the milke out of the breasts Astringent fomentations for the privie parts A distilled liquor for to draw together the dug that are loose and slacke The causes of the difficult child-birth that are in the women that travelleth The pasâ—ions of â—…hinâ—â—r the â—â—th The causes of difficult child-birth that are in the infant The externall causes of difficult child-birth Which is an easie birth What causeth easinesse of child-birth What Abortion is What Effluxion is Women are in more paine by reason of the effluxion than at the true birth The causes of Abortion Girding of the belly may cause untimely birth How bathes hot houses cause untimely birth Hip. 53. 37 sect 5. Hipaph 45. se 5. Hip. aph 〈◊〉 se 5. Women are in more pain at the untimely birth than at the due time of birth The errour of the first child-birth continues afterwards A plaster staying the infant in the wombe What children are ten or eleven moneths in the wombe A male will bee borne sooner than a female Why it is not sufficient to preserve life in the childe to hold open the mouth and privie parts of the mother so soone as the is dead and the childe alive in her body How the body of the woman that death in travell must be cut open to save the childe How it may bee known whether the infant be â—…live of not What superfoetation is A womans wombe is not 〈◊〉 into divers cels The reason of superfoetation Lib. de superfoetationâ—… 〈◊〉 the womb 〈◊〉 the conception of the seed doth ma 〈◊〉 â—imes afterwards open Lib. 7. cap. 11. The reason of the name What a mola is Lib. de steril Cap. 7. lib. 4. de usu part How the mola is engendered The signes of a mola enclosed in the wombe By what faculty the wombe moveth How the motion of the mola differeth from the motion of the infant in the wombe The mola doth turne to each side of the wombe as the situation of the body is A history The description of a mola carried seventeene yeeres in the wombe A vaine or unprofitable conception The mola 〈…〉 the infant in the 〈…〉 it is fastened unto it There things that provoke the flowers forcibly due also 〈…〉 or wast the mola The Chirurgion all 〈…〉 of the mola A history Apostumes of divers kinds in the Mesenterium The accidents that come when the Mesentertum is separated from the bodies adjoyning The dropsie comming of a tumour of the Mesenterium Tom. 1. 〈◊〉 1. c. 1. Lib 6. part morb cap. 7. The Mesenterium is the sinke of the body The Scrophulaes in the Mesenterium A scirrhus of the wombe How the seed is unfertile How the cutting of the veines behind the eares maketh men barren The defaults of the yard The signe of the palsie in the yard Magick bands and enchanted knots The cause why the neck of the wombe is narrow The membrane called Hymen The cause of the fluxe of women Apb 36. sect 5. Gal. lib. 14. de usu par cap. 9. Arist in prob sect de ster quae 3. 4. The signes of a hot wombe The signes of a cold wombe The signes of a moyst wombe The signes of a dry wombe A meet time for conception Arist l. 7. de hist anim c. 2. c. 5. Lib. 7. cap. 14. Lib. 6. cap. 12. Lib. 7. de hist c. nim c. 1. c. 6. lib. 7. cap. 14. What is the falling downe of the wombe The causes 〈…〉 lib. 7. de histor 〈◊〉 cap.
flesh and cicatrized which doth not seldome happen in opening of Arteries unskilfully performed and negligently cured therefore Aneurismaes are absolutely made by the Anastomasis springing breaking Erosion and wounding of the Arteries These happen in all parts of the body but more frequently in the throat especially in women after a painfull travaile For when as they more strongly strive to hold their breath for the more powerfull expulsion of the birth it happens that the Artery is di ated and broken whence followes an effusion of bloud and spirits under the skin The signes are a swelling one while great another small with a pulsation and a colour not varying from the native constitution of the skinne It is a soft tumor and so yeelding to the impression of the fingers that if it peradventure be small it wholy vanisheth the Arterious bloud and spirits flying backe into the body of the Artery but presently assoone as you take your fingers away they returne againe with like celerity Some Aneurismaes doe not onely when they are pressed but also of themselves make a sensible hissing if you lay your eare neare to them by reason of the motion of the vitall spirit rushing with great violence through the straitnes of the passage Wherefore in Aneurismaes in which there is a great rupture of the Artery such a noyse is not heard because the spirit is carryed through a larger passage Great Aneâ—rismaes under the Arme pits in the Groines and in other parts wherein there are large vessells admit no cure because so great an eruption of blood and spirit often followes uppon such an incision that death prevents both art and Cure Which I observed a few yeares agoe in a certaine preist of Saint Andrewes of the Arches M. Iohn Maillet dwelling with the chiefe President Christopher de Thou Who having an Aneurisma at the setting on of the shoulder about the bignes of a Wall-nut I charged him hee should not let it be opened for if it did it would bring him into manifest danger of his life and that it would be more safe for him to breake the violence thereof with double clothes steeped in the juyce of Night-shade and Houselike with new and whayey cheese mixt therewith Or with Vnguentum de Bolo or Emplastrum contra rupturam and such other refrigerating and astringent medicines if hee would lay upon it a thin plate of Lead and would use shorter breeches that his doublet might serve to hold it too to which hee might fasten his breeches instead of a swathe and in the meane time he should eschew all things which attenuate and inflame the blood but especially he should keepe himselfe from all great straining of his voyce Although he had used this Diet for a yeare yet he could not so handle the matter but that the tumor increased which he observing goes to a Barber who supposing the tumor to be of the kinde of vulgar inpostumes applies to it in the Evening a Causticke causing an Eschar so to open it In the Morning such an abundance of blood flowed forth from the tumor being opened that he therewith astonished implores all possible ayde and bidds that I should be called to stay this his great bleeding and he repented that he had not followed my directions Wherefore I am called but when I was scarce over the thre should he gave up his ghost with his blood Wherefore I diligently admonish the young Chirurgion that hee do not rashly open Aneurismas unlesse they be small in anignoble part and not indued with large vessells but rather let him performe the cure after this manner Cut the skinne which lyes over it untill the Artery appeare and then separate it with your knife from the particles about it then thrust a blunt and crooked needle with a thred in it under it binde it then cut it off and so expect the falling off of the thred of it selfe whiles nature covers the orifices of the cut Artery with new flesh then the residue of the cure may be performed after the manner of simple wounds The Aneurismaes which happen in the internall parts are uncurable Such as frequently happen to those who have often had the unction and sweat for the cure of the French disease because the blood being so attenuated and heated therewith that it cannot be contayned in the receptacles of the Artery it distends it to that largenesse as to hold a mans fist Which I have observed in the dead body of a certaine Taylor who by an Aneurisma of the Arâ—erious veine suddenly whilest hee was playing at Tennis fell downe dead the vessell being broken his body being opened I found a great quantity of blood powred forth into the Capacity of the Chest but the body of the Artery was dilated to that largenesse I formerly mentioned and the inner Coate thereof was bony For which cause within a while after I shewed it to the great admiration of the beholders in the Physitions Schole whilest I publiquely dissected a body there the whilst he lived said he felt a beating and a great heate over all his body by the force of the pulsation of all the Arteryes by occasion whereof hee often swounded Doctor Syluius the Kings professor of Physicke at that time forbad him the use of Wine and wished him to vse boyled water for his drinke and Crudds and new Cheeses for his meate and to apply them in forme of Cataplasmes upon the grieved and swolne part At night he used a ptisan of Barley meale and Poppy-seedes and was purged now and then with a Clyster of refrigerating and emollient things or with Cassia alone by which medicines hee said hee found himselfe much better The cause of such a bony constitution of the Arteries by Aneurismaes is for that the hot and fervid blood first dilates the Coates of an Artery then breakes them which when it happens it then borrowes from the neighbouring bodies a fit matter to restore the loosed continuity thereof This matter whilest by litle and litle it is dried and hardened it degenerats into a Gristely or else a bony substance just by the force of the same materiall and efficient causes by which stones are generated in the reines and bladder For the more terrestriall portion of the blood is dried and condensed by the power of the unnaturall heat contayned in the part affected with an Aneurismae whereby it comes to passe that the substance added to the dilated and broken Artery is turned into a body of a bony consistence In which the singular providence of nature the handmaide of God is shewed as that which as it were by making and opposing a new wall or bancke would hinder and breake the violence of the raging blood swelling with the abundance of the vitall spirits unlesse any had rather to refer the cause of that hardnesse to the continuall application of refrigerating and astringent medicines Which have power to condensate and harden as may
not obscurely be gathered by the writings of Galen But beware you be not deceived by the forementioned signes For sometimes in large Aneurismaes you can perceive no pulsation neither can you force the blood into the Artery by the pressure of your fingers either because the quantity of such blood is greater than which can be contayned in the ancient receptacles of the Artery or because it is condensate and concrete into Clods whereupon wanting the benefit of ventilation from the heart it presently putrifies Thence ensue great paine a Gangren and mortification of the part and lastly the death of the Creature The End of the Seventh Booke OF PARTICULAR TVMORS AGAINST NATVRE THE EIGHT BOOKE The Preface BEcause the Cure of diseases must be varied according to the variety of the temper not onely of the body in generall but also of each part thereof the strength figure forme site and sence thereof being taken into consideration I thinke it worth my paines having already spoken of Tumors in Generall if I shall treate of them in particular which affect each part of the body beginning with those which assayle the head Therefore the Tumor either affects the whole head or else onely some particle thereof as the Eyes Eares Nose Gumms and the like Let the Hydrocephalos and Physocephalos be examples of those tumors which possesse the whole head CHAP. I. Of an Hydrocephalos or watry tumor which commonly affects the heads of Infants THe Greekes call this disease Hydrocephalos as it were a Dropsie of the Head by a waterish humor being a disease almost peculiar to Infants newly borne It hath for an externall cause the violent compression of the head by the hand of the Midwife or otherwise at the birth or by a fall contusion and the like For hence comes a breaking of a veine or Artery and an effusion of the blood under the skinne Which by corruption becomming whayish lastly degenerateth into a certen waterish humor It hath also an inward cause which is the abundance of serous and acride blood which by its tenuity and heat sweats through the Pores of the vessells sometimes betweene the Musculous skinne of the head and the Pericranium sometimes betweene the Pericranium and the skull and sometimes betweene the skull and the membrane called Dura mater and otherwhiles in the ventricles of the braine The signes of it contained in the space betweene the Musculous skinne and the Pericranium are a manifest tumor without paine soft and much yeeelding to the pressure of the fingers The Signes when it remayneth betweene the Pericranium and the skull are for the most part like the forenamed unlesse it be that the Tumor is a little harder and not so yeelding to the finger by reason of the parts betweene it and the finger And also there is somewhat more sence of paine But when it is in the space betweene the skull and Dura mater or in the ventricles of the Braine or the whole substance thereof there is dullnesse of the sences as of the sight and hearing the tumor doth not yeeld to the touch unlesse you use strong impression for then it sincketh somewhat downe especially in infants newly borne who have their sculls almost as soft as waxe and the junctures of their Sutures laxe both by nature as also by accident by reason of the humor conteined therein moistening and relaxing all the adjacent parts the humor conteined here lifts up the Scull somewhat more high especially at the meetings of the Sutures which you may thus know because the Tumor being pressed the humor flyes backe into the secret passages of the braine To conclude the paine is more vehement the whole head more swollen the forehead stands somewhat further out the eye is fixt and immoveable and also weepes by reason of the serous humor sweating out of the braine Vesalius writes that hee saw a girle of two yeares old whose head was thicker than any mans head by this kinde of Tumor and the Scull not bonie but membranous as it useth to be in abortive birthes and that there was nine pound of water ran out of it Aâ—ucrasis tells that he saw a child whose head grew every day bigger by reason of the watery moisture conteined therein till at length the tumor became so great that his necke could not beare it neither standing nor sitting so that hee died in a short time I have observed and had in cure foure children troubled with this disease one of which being dissected after it died had a braine no bigger than a Tennis Ball. But of a Tumor and humor conteined within under the Cranium or Scull I have seene none recover but they are easily healed of an externall Tumor Therefore whether the humor lye under the Pericranium or under the musculous skin of the head it must first be assailed with resolving medicines but if it cannot be thus overcome you must make an incision taking heede of the Temporall Muscle and thence presse out all the humor whether it resemble the washing of flesh newly killed or blackish blood or congealed or knotted blood as when the tumor bath beene caused by contusion then the wound must be filled with dry lint and covered with double boulsters and lastly bound with a fitting ligature CHAP. II. Of a Polypus being an eating disease in the Nose THe Polypus is a Tumor of the Nose against nature commonly arising from the Os Ethmâ—ides of spungye bone It is so called because it resembles the fect of a Sea Polypus in figure and the flesh thereof in consistence This Tumor stops the Nose intercepting and hindering the liberty of speaking and blowing the Nose Celsus saith the Polypus is a caruncle or Excrescence one while white another while reddish which adheres to the bone of the Nose and sometimes fills the Nosthrils hanging towards the lipps sometimes it descends backe through that hole by which the spirit descends from the Nose to the throtle it growes so that it may he seene behinde the Vvula and often strangles a man by stopping his breath There are five kinds thereof the first is a soft membrane long and thin like the relaxed and depressed Vvula hanging from the middle gristle of the nose being filled with a Phlegmaticke and viscide humor This in exspiration hangs out of the Nose but is drawne in and hid by inspiration it makes one snaffle in their speech and snort in their sleepe The second hath hard flesh bred of Melancholy blood without adustion which obstructing the nosthrils intercepts the respiration made by that part The third is flesh hanging from the Gristle round and soft being the off-spring of Phlegmaticke blood The fourth is an hard Tumor like flesh which when it is touched yeelds a sound like a stone it is generated of Melancholike blood dryed being somewhat of the nature of a Scirrhus confirmed and without paine The fifth is as it were composed of many cancrous ulcers
or mortification but too loose is unprofitable for that it doth not contain the parts in that state we desire It is a signe of a just ligation that is neyther too strait nor too loose if the ensuing day the part be swolne with an oedematous tumor caused by the blood pressed forth of the broken place but of too strait ligation if the part be hard swolne and of too loose if it bee no whit swolne as that which hath pressed no blood out of the affected part Now if a hard tumor caused by too strait binding trouble the patient it must presently bee loosed for feare of more grievous symptomes and the part must be fomented with warme Hydraeleum and another indifferent yea verily more loose ligature must be made in stead thereof as long as the paine and inflammation shall continue in which time and for which cause you shall lay nothing upon the part which is any thing burdensome When the patient beginnes to recover for three or foure dayes space especially if you find him of a more compact habit and a strong man the ligature must be kept firme and not loosed If on the third day and so untill the seventh the spires or windings be found more loose and the part affected more slender then wee must judge it to be for the better For hence you may gather that there is an expression and digestion of the humors causing the tumor made by force of the ligation Verily broken bones fitly bound up are better set and more firmely agglutinated which is the cause why in the place of the fracture the ligation must bee made the straiter in other places more loosely If the fractured bone stand forth in any part it must there be more straitly pressed with boulsters and splints To conclude the seventh day being past we must binde the part more straitly than before for that then inflammation paine and the like accidents are not to bee feared But these things which we have hitherto spoken of the three kindes of Ligatures cannot take place in each fractured part of the body as in the chaps collar-bones head nose ribs For seeing such parts are not round and long a Ligature cannot be wrapped about them as it may on the armes thighes and legges but only bee put on their outsides CHAP. VI. The uses for which Ligatures serve BY that which wee have formerly delivered you may understand that Ligatures are of use to restore those things which are separated and moved forth of their places and joyne together those which gape as in fractures wounds contusions sinewous ulcers and other like affects against nature in which the solution of continuitie stands in neede of the helpe of Bandages for the reparation thereof Besides also by the helpe of Bandages these things are kept asunder or separated which otherwise would grow together against nature as in Burns wherein the fingers and the hams would mutually grow together as also the arme-pits to the chests the chin to the breast unlesse they be hindered by due Ligation Bandages doe also conduce to refresh emaciated parts wherefore if the right legge waste for want of nourishment the left legge beginning at the foote may bee conveniently rowled up even to the groine If the right arme consume binde the left with a strait Ligature beginning at the hand and ending at the arme-pit For thus a great portion of blood from the bound-up part is sent back into the vena cava from whence it regurgitates into the almost emptie vessels of the emaciated part But I would have the sound part to bee so bound that thereby it become not painefull for a dolorifick ligation causes a greater attractation of blood and spirits as also exercise wherefore I would have it during that time to bee at rest and keep holy-day Ligatures also conduce to the stopping of bleedings which you may perceive by this that when you open a veine with your launcet the blood is presently stayed laying on a boulster and making a ligature Also Ligatures are usefull for women presently after their delivery for their womb being bound about with Ligatures the blood wherewith their womb was too much moistened is expelled the strength of the expulsive facultie being by this means stirred up to the expulsion thereof and it also hinders the empty wombe from being swolne up with winde which otherwise would presently enter thereinto This same Ligature is a helpe to such as are with childe for the more easie carrying of their burden especially those whose Childe lyes so farre down-wards that lying as it were in the den of the hippes it hangs betweene the thighes and so hinders the free going of the mother Therefore the woman with childe is not only eased by this binding of her wombe with this Ligature which is commonly termed the navill Ligature but also her childe being held up higher in her wombe she hath frâ—eâ—r and more liberty to walke Ligatures are in like sort good for revulsion and derivation as also for holding of medicines which are layd to a part as the necke breast or belly Lastly there is a triple use of Ligatures in amputation of members as armes and legges The first to draw and hold upwards the skinne and muscles lying under it that the operation being performed they may by their falling downe againe cover the ends of the cut-off bones and so by that meanes helpe forwards the agglutination and cicatrization and when it is healed up cause the lame member to move more freely and with lesse paine and also to performe the former actions this as it were cushion or boulster of musculous flesh lying thereunder The second is they hinder the bleeding by pressing together the veines and arteries The third is they by strait binding intercept the free passage of the animall spirits and so deprive the part which lyes thereunder of the sense of feeling by making it as it were stupid or num CHAP. VII Of Boulsters or Compresses BOulsters have a double use the first is to fill up the cavities and those parts which are not of an equall thicknesse to their ends Wee have examples of cavities in the Arme-pits Clavicles Hams Groines and of parts which grow small towards their ends in the armes towards the wrests in the legges towards the feet in the thighes towards the knees Therefore you must fill these parts with boulsters and linnen cloathes that so they may be all of one bignesse to their ends The second use of boulsters is to defend and preserve the first two or three Rowlers or Under-binders the which we sayd before must be applyed immediately to the fractured part Boulsters according to this two fold use differ amongst themselves for that when they are used in the first mentioned kind they must be applied athwart but when in the latter long-wayes or down-right You may also use Boulsters lest the too strait binding of the Ligatures