I thought good to write these histories out of Pennius A woman thirty six years old had great pain of an Apostume in her reins and she consumed at length she cast forth little Worms a fingers breadth long which I first saw in the bottome of her urine Anno 1582. Randulph a London Physician very learned and pious when he looked on at the dissection of the body of one that was dead of the Stone in the kidneys he sound in one of the kidneys that was corrupted it was wrinkled and putrefied a Worm of a full length Timothy Bright a very skilful Physician and to whom we are much indebted for the Epitomie of the Ecclesiastical History saw a Scholar at Cambridge when he lived there that pissed out a Worm an inch and half long but it was not without feet as Worms are but it had many feet and was very nimble Aloysius Mundella Medicina Dialog 4. Argenterius cap. de vesic morb Rondeletius lib. de dign morb c. 17. Scholiastes Hollerii lib. de morb in t cap. de vesic affec to say nothing of Levinus Cardan and my own experience do sufficiently testifie that such Creatures breed also in the bladder That Worms come forth of the matrix like to Ascarides I did not only see at Frankfurt in a German woman at eighty years of her age but Aloysius confirms the same in his Epistle to Gesner and Hippocrates 2. de m. mulier and Avenzoar lib. 1. tract 2. have said the like Kiranides writes that there is a Worm to be found in the matrix of a Mule which tied to a woman will make her barren In India and the Countreys above Egypt there are some living Creatures like to Worms in form they are commonly called Dragons they are in the Arms Legs Shanks and other brawny parts also in young children they breed in secret places under their skin and more apparently When they have stayed there for some long time at some end of this Dragon the place comes to supputation and the skin being opened out comes this Dragons head Paulus lib. 4. c. 59. Soranus granteth this but he questions whether they be living creatures Moreover in the bloud it self some living creatures breed like to Worms that feed on the body as Pliny writes Hist 26. c. 13. Plutarch 8. Sympos who writes that a young man of Athens voided Worms with his seed Aegineta saw them come forth at the groins and buttocks as he saith lib. 4. to whom Benevennius subscribes c. 100. Also they breed under Sheeps clawes saith Columella and such I have seen under the nails of those that were troubled with a Whit-flaw And thus farre concerning Worms in the bodies of living Creatures But such as breed in dead and corrupt bodies whether it be from the disease or the Chirurgeons fault want a Latin name but the Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as appears by Hippocrates The English call them Maggots Coelius would also have them called Eulas in Latin borrowing the word from the Greeks We will speak of these in order And first concerning Worms of the guts the descriptions whereof the causes signs symptomes and cure wil bring much light to the History of the rest CHAP. XXXI Of the Description of Worms in the Intestines VVEE shewed before that there are three sorts of Worms that are bred in the guts It will be worth our labour to describe what each of them is The round Worms are the first difference and that manifest to all men because these are the most common and are so called because they are indeed round and smooth not unlike to those worms that breed in dunghils and gardens which we said before are called by the Greeks the bowels of the earth These as all other Worms are blinde without any eyes and they are a hand length or something more yet Benivennius c. 〈◊〉 affirms that a Smith did vomit up a Worm with grosse flegm almost a foot and half long very plain with a red head that was smooth and about the bigness of a pease but the body of it was downy and the tail crooked like the half-moon Also at Rome anno 1543. one that was now upon his youthful years when as for many daies as Gabucinns tels the story he had been in great torments of his belly at last he voided by stool a great black Worm with black hair five feet long as big as a cane He saw one also that did not exceed the hands length like to the round Worms but that the back of it was hairy and set as it were with red hairs but this being cast forth by using good remedies he grew very well One Antonianus a Canon as Hieronymus Montuus tels the story voided a green Worm but he died shortly after he had voided that But for the most part they are smooth and not hairy a hand long and not a foot at both ends pointed as it were with a nib And they differ so far from Earth-worms that they wear no collar nor girdle what concerns their colours I have seen some red yellow black and partly white or gold colour Green ones are seldom seen yet Montuus saw some Gourd-worms are those quick Worms that are like unto Gourd-seeds concerning which the question is so great between Gabucinus and Mercurialis for when he treats of a broad VVorm that is made of an infinite number of Gourd-seeds shut up in a skin he saith thus I saith he think a broad Worm to be nothing else but according to Hippocrates as it were a white shaving of the guts that comprehends all the intestines between which some living creatures are bred like unto Gourd-seeds which may then be seen to be voided when all that shaving is voided yet oft-times it is voided by parts which if they break when they are voiding then you may behold these Worms like to Cucumer-seeds voided by themselves sometimes many of them being folded together sometimes but a few But if any man shall see all that portion let him know that that scraping off like a Worm doth not live but the creatures that are in it like Cucumer-seeds I once saw this Worm called a Broad Worm that pants to have been of a wonderful length and it crawled a woman in a Quotidian Feaver voided it by siege and when I did with admiration much view it and sought to finde the cause of its motion that other man who said he voided a portion of a broad Worm some daies before which he would shew unto me for a wonder did shew it me with incredible des I had to see it for this portion did move it self whence I was more desirous to know the cause of that At last searching diligently I observed through the whole hollow part of it a rank of living creatures like to Cucumer-seeds which crept forth of it as out of some bed some-times one sometimes two folded together oft-times four or more and that part of the shaving of the
time some use at the second time to dip such sops in sweet Sallet Oil. Thus far Vâ—getius Of the Pestilent Ague IT seemeth by Laurentius Russius that Horses be also subject to a Pestilent Fever which almost incurable is called of him Infirmitas Epidemialis that is to say a Contagious and pestiferous disease whereof there dyed in one year in Rome above a thousand Horses which as I take it came by some corruption of the air whereunto Rome in the chief of Summer is much subject or else corrupt humours in the body ingendered by unkind food by reason perhaps that the City was then pesteted with more Horse-men then there could be conveniently harbored or fed Laurentius himself rendreth no cause thereof but only sheweth signes how to know it which be these The Horse holdeth down his head eateth little or nothing his eyes waterish and his flanks do continually beat The Cure First give him this Glyster Take of the pulp of Coloquintida one ounce of Dragantum one ounce and a fals of Ceutaury and Wormwood of each one handful of Castore 〈…〉 half an ounce boil them in Water then being strained dissolve therein of Gerologundinum six ounces of Salt an ounce and a half and half a pound of Oil-olive and minister it lukewarm with a horn or pipe made of purpose Make also this Plaister for his head Take of Squilla five ounces of Elder of Castoreum of Mustard seed and of Eusorbium of each two ounces dissolve the same in the juice of Daffodil and of Sage and lay it to the Temples of his head next unto his eares or else give him any of these three drinks following Take of the best Triacle two or three ounces and distemper it in good Wine and give it him with a horn or else let him drink every morning the space of three dayes one pound or two of the juyce of Elder roots or else give him every morning to eat a good quantity of Venus hair called of the Latins Capillus Veneris newly and fresh gathered but if it be old then boil it in Water and give him the decoction thereof to drink with a horn Martins opinion and experience touching a Horses Fever THough Martin have not seen so many several kinds of Fevers to chance to Horses yet he confesseth that a Horse will have a Fever and saith that you shall know it by these signes For after the Horse hath been sick two or three dayes if you look upon his tongue you shall see it almost raw and scalt with the heat that comes out of his body and he will shake and trembles reel and stagger when his fit cometh which fit will keep his due hours both of coming and also 〈◊〉 continuance unlesse you prevent it by putting the Horse into a heat which would be done so soon as you see him begin to tremble either by riding him or tying up his legs and by chasing him up and down in the stable untill he leave shaking and then let him be kept warm and stand on the bit the space of two houres that done you may give him some hay by a little at once and give him warm water with a little ground malt twice a day the space of three or four dayes and once a day wash his tongue with Alomwater Vinegar Sage But if you see that all this prevaile not then purge him with this drink after that he hath fasted all one night Take of Aloes one ounce of Agarick half an ounce of Licoras and Annis seeds of each a dram beaten to powder and let him drink it with a quart of white wine likewarme and made sweet with a little hony in the morning fasting and let him be chafed a little after it and be kept warm and suffered to stand on the bit meatlesse two or three hours after and he shall recover his health again quickly Of sickness in general and the Fever IN general sickness is an opposite foe to nature warring against the agents of the body and mind seeking to confound those actions which uphold and maintain the bodies strength and livelyhood Who coveteth to have larger definition of sickness let him read Vegetius Rusius or excellent Master Blundevile who in that hath been admirably well-deserving painful For mine one part my intent is to write nothing more then mine own experience and what I have approved in Horses diseases most availeable and first of the Fever or Ague in a Horse though it be a disease seldom or not at all noted by our Mechanical Horse Farriars who cure many times what they know not and kill where they might cure knew they the cause yet I have my self seen of late both by the demonstrate opinions of others better learned and by the effects of the disease some two Horses which I dare avouch were mightily tormented with a Fever though divers Leeches had thereof given divers opinions one saying it was the Bots by reason of his immoderate languishment another affirmed him to be bewitched by reason of great shaking heaviness and sweating but I have found it and approved it to be a Fever both in effect nature and quality the cure whereof is thus for the original cause of a Fever is surfet breeding putrifaction in the bloud then when his shaking beginneth take three new laid Egges break them in a dish and beat them together then mix thereto five or six spoonfuls of excellent good Aquavitae and give it him in a horn then bridle him and in some Close or Court chafe him till his shaking cease and he begin to sweat then set him up and cloath him warm And during the time of his sickness give him no water to drink but before he drink it boil therein Mallowes Sorrel Purslain of each two or three handfuls As for his food let it be sodden Barly and now and then a little Rie in the sheaf to clense and purge him chiefly if he be dry inwardly and grow costive This I have proved uneffectless for this disease and also much availeable for any other inward sickness proceeding either of raw digestion too extream riding or other surfet Divers have written diversly of divers Agues and I could prescribe receipts for them but since I have not been experimented in them all I mean to omit them intending not to exceed mine own knowledge in any thing Of the Pestilence THe Pestilence is a contagious disease proceeding as Pelaganius saith sometime of overmuch labour heat cold hunger and sometime of sudden running after long rest or of the retention or holding of stale or urine or of drinking cold water whiles the Horse is hot and sweating for all these things do breed corrupt humors in the Horses body whereof the Pestilence doth chiefly proceed or else of the corruption of the air poisoning the breath whereby the Beasts should live which also happeneth sometime of the corruption of evill vapors and exhalations that spring out of the earth and
falleth an Hony-dew then will their Milk be wonderful sweet and plentiful there is no food so good for Cowes as that which is green if the Countrey will afford it especially Kie love the wet and wateryplaces although the Butter coming from the milk of such beasts is not so wholesome as that which is made of such as are feed in dryer Pastures The like care is had of their drink for although they love the coldest and clearest waters yet about their time of Calving it is much for better them to have warmer waters and therefore the Lakes which are heated and made to fome by the rain are most wholesome to them and do greatly help to ease their burden and pains in that business Pausanias reporteth a wonder in nature of the Rivers Milichus and Charadrus running through the City Patrae that all the Kie which drink of them in the Spring time do for the most part bring forth males wherefore their herdmen avoid those places at that time Kie for the most part before their Calving are dry and without milk especially about Torona They are also purged of their menstrua in greater measure then either Goats or Sheep which especially come from them a little before or after they have been with the Bull howsoever Aristotle saith that they come from them after they have been five moneths with Calf and are discerned by their urine for the urine of a Cow is the thinnest of all other These beasts are very lustful and do most eagerly desire the company of their male which if they have not within the space of three hours after they mourn for it their lust asswageth till another time In a Village of Egypt called Schussa under the government of the Hermopolites they worship Venus under the title Vrania in the shape of a Cow perswading themselves that there is great affinity betwixt the Goddesse and this beast for by her mournful voice she giveth notice of her love who receiveth the token many times a mile or two off and so presently runneth to accomplish the lust of nature and for this cause do the Egyptians picture Isis with a Cows horns and likewise a Bull to signifie hearing The signes of their Bulling as it is termed are their cries and disorderly forsaking their fellows and resisting the government of their keeper Likewise their secret hangeth forth more then at other times and they will leap upon their fellows as if they were males besides after the manner of Mares they oftner make water then at other times The most cunning heardmen have means to provoke them to desire the Bull if they be slack first of all they withdraw from them some part of their meat if they be fat for that will make them fitter to conceive then take they the geâ—â—als or stones of a Bull and hold it to their nose by smelling whereof they are provoked to desire copulation and if that prevail not then take they the tendrest part of Shrimps which is their fish and beat them in water till they be an ointment and there with anoint the breasts of the Cow after they have been well washed untill it work upon her And some affirm that the tail of an Eel put into her hath the same virtue other attribute much force to the wilde willow to procure lust and conception They are a great while in copulation and some have ghessed by certain signes at the time of copulation whether the Calf prove male or female for say they if the Bull leap down on the right side of the Cow it will be a male if on the left it will be a female which conjecture is no longer true then when the Cow admitteth but one Bull and conceiveth at the first conjunction for which cause the Egyptians decipher a woman bringing forth a maiden childe by a Bull looking to the left hand and likewise bearing a man childe by a Bull looking to the right hand They are not to be admitted to copulation before they be two year old at the least or if it may be four yet it hath been seen that a Heifer of a year old hath conceived and that another of four moneths old hath likewise desired the Bull but this was taken for a monster and the other never thrived One Bull is sufficient for fifteen Kie although Varro faith that he had but two Buls for threescore and ten Kie and one of them was two year old the other one The best time for their copulation is about the time of the Daulphins appearance and so continueth for two or three and fourty daies which is about June and July for those which conceive at that time will bring forth their young ones in a most temperate time of the year and it hath been observed that an Ok immediately after his gelding before he had forgotten his former dâ—sire and inclination his seed not dryed up hath filled a Cow and she proved with Calf They go with Calf ten moneths except eighteen or twenty daies but those which are Calved before that time cannot live and a Cow may bear every year if the Countrey wherein she liveth be full of grasse and the Calf taken away from her at fifteen days old And if a man desire that the Calf should be a male then let him tie the right stone of the Bull at the time oâ— copulation and for a female bind the left Others work this by natural observation for when they would have a male they let their Cattel couple when the North wind bloweth and when a female they put them together when the air is Southerly They live not above fifteen years and thereof ten times they may ingender The best time to Calve in is April because then the Spring bringeth on grasse both for themselves and to increase milk for the young ones They bear not but in their right side although they have twins in their belly which happeneth very seldom and the beast immediately after her delivery must be nourished with some good meat for except she be well fed she will forsake her young to provide for her self therefore it is requisite to give her Vetches Millet-seed and milk mingled with water and scorched Corne and unto the Calves themselves dryed Millet in milk in the manner of a mash and the Kie must also be kept up in stables so as they may not touch their meat at the going forth for they are quickly brought to forsake and loath that which is continually before them and it is observed that when Kie in the Summer time do in greater number above custom go to the Bull then at other times it betokeneth and foresheweth a wet and rainy winter for it cannot be saith Albertus that a beast so dry as is a Cow can be increased in moisture which stirreth up the desire of procreation except also there be a mutation in the air unto abundance of moisture And to
thin as water rumbling in the belly by reason of crudity redness of the whole body distention of nerves heaviness of minde love of darkness and such like Yet doth not this operation appear presently upon the hurt but sometimes at nine days sometimes at forty days sometimes at half a year or a year or seven or twelve year as hath been already said For the cure of these Dogs and first of all for the preventing of madness there are sundry invented observations First it is good to shut them up and make them to fast for one day then purge them with Hellebor and being purged nourish them with bread of Barley-meal Other take them when they be young whelps and take out of their tongue a certain little worm which the Graecians call Lytta after which time they never grow mad or fall to vomiting as Gracius noted in these verses Namque subit nodis qua lingua tenacibus haeret Vermiculum dixere mala atque incondita pestis c. Iam teneris elementa mali causasque recidunt But immediately it being taken forth they rub the tongue with Salt and Oyl Columella teacheth that Shepheards of his time took their Dogs tails and pulled out a certain nerve or sinew which cometh from the Articles of the Back-bone into their tails whereby they not only kept the tail from growing deformed and over-long but also constantly believed that their Dogs could never afterward fall mad whereunto Pliny agreeth calling it a castration or gelding of the tail adding that it must be done before the Dog be forty days old Some again say that if a Dog taste of a Womans milk which she giveth by the birth of a Boy he will never fall mad Nemesian ascribeth the cure hereof to Castoreum dryed and put into milk but this is to be understood of them that are already mad whose elegant verses of the cause beginning and cure of a mad Dog I have thought good here to express Exhalat seu terra sinus seu noxius aer Causa mali seu cum gelidus non sufficit humor Torrida per venas concrescunt semina flammae Whatsoever it be he thus warranteth the cure Tunc virosa tibi sumes multumque domabis Castorea adtritu silicis lentescere coges Ex ebore huc trito pulvis lectove feratur Admiscensque diu facies concrescere utrumque Mox lactis liquidos sensim superadde fluores Vt non cunctantes hanstus infundere eorm Inserto possis furiasque repellere tristes Armetia a King of Valenâ—ia prescribeth this form for the cure of this evill let the Dog be put into the water so as the hinder-legs do only touch the ground and his fore-legs be tyed up like hands over his head and then being taken again out of the water let his hair be shaved off that he may be pieled untill he bleed then anoint him with Oyl of Beets and if this do not cure him within seven days then let him be knocked on the head or hanged out of the way When a young male Dog suffereth madness shut him up with a Bitch or if a young Bitch be also oppressed shut her up with a Dog and the one of them will cure the madness of the other But the better part of this labor is more needful to be employed about the curing of men or other creatures which are bitten by Dogs then in curing or preventing that natural infirmity Wherefore it is to be remembred that all other poysoned wounds are cured by incision and circumcising of the flesh and by drawing plaisters which extract the venom out of the flesh and comfort nature and by Cupping-glasses or burning Irons as Coelius affirmeth upon occasion of the miraculous fiction of the Temple door Key of S. Bellious neer Rhodigium for it was believed that if a mad man could hold that Key in his hand red hot he should be delivered from his fits for ever There was such another charm or incantation among the Apuleians made in form of a prayer against all bitings of mad Dogs and other poysons unto an obscure Saint called Vithus which was to be said three Saterdays in the evening nine times together which I have here set down for no other cause but to shew their extream folly Aime Vithe pellicane Oram qui tenes Appulam Littusque Polygnanicum Qui morsus rabidos levas Irasque canum mitigas Tu sancte rabiem asperam Rictusque canis luridos Tu saevom prohibe luem I procul hinc rabies procul hinc furor omnis abeste But to come to the cure of such as have been bitten by mad Dogs First I will set down some compound medicines to be outwardly applyed to the body Secondly some simple or uncompounded medicines In the third place such compounded and uncompounded potions as are co be taken inwardly against this poyson For the outward compound remedies a plaister made of Opponax and Pitch is much commended which Menippus used taking a pound of Pitch of Brutias and four ounces of Opponax as Aetius and Actuarius do prescribe adding withall that the Opponax must be dissolved in Vinegar and afterward the Pitch and that Vinegar must be boyled together and when the Vinegar is consumed then put in the Opponax and of both together make like taynters or splints and thrust them into the wound so let them remain many days together and in the mean time drink an Antidore of Sea-crabs and Vinegar for Vinegar is alway pretious in this confection Other use Basilica Onyons Rue Salt rust of Iron White bread seeds of Horehound and Triacle but the other plaister is most forcible to be applyed outwardly above all medicines in the world For the simple and uncompounded medicines to be taken against this sore are many As Goose-grease Garlike the root of wilde Roses drunk bitter Almonds leaves of Chickweed or Pimpernel the old skin of a Snake pounded with a male-Sea-crab Betony Cabbage leaves or stalks with Parsneps and Vinegar Lime and Sewet powder of Sea-crabs with Hony powder of the shels of Sea-crabs the hairs of a Dog laid upon the wound the head of the Dog which did bite mixed with a little Euphorbium the hair of a Man with Vinegar dung of Goats with Wine Walnuts with Hony and Salt powder of Fig-tree in a Sear-cloth Fitches in Wine Euphorbium warm Horse-dung raw Beans chewed in the mouth Fig-tree-leaves green Figs with Vinegar fennel stalks Gentiana dung of Pullen the liver of a Buck-Goat young Swallows burned to powder also their dung the urine of a Man an Hyaenaâ— skin Flower-deluce with Honey a Sea-hearb called Kakille Silphum with Salt the flesh and shels of Snayls Leek-seeds with Salt Mints the tail of a Field-mouse cut off from her alive and she suffered to live roots of Burs with Salt of the Sea-Plantain the tongue of a Ram with Salt the flesh of all Sea-fishes the fat of a Sea-calf and Vervine beside many other superstitious
the Dogs smell they are said to be almost mad At Pisa the Hares be very great because there they have more gratefull meat then in other places In the neither Pannonia they are much fatter and better tasted than they be in Italy the Italian Hare hath its fore-legs low a part of his back-pale or yellowish the belly white the ears long In Gallia beyond the Alpes they are also white and therefore some have thought that in the Winter time they eat snow and this is certain that when the snow melteth their colour is much altered There hath been white haired Conies whose skin was black and hair of their ears black They are bred in Lybia in Scythia and in Italy in the top of the Mountains and so brought into other Countries Some again have been white in the Winter and return to their former colour in Summer There are great store of white Conies in Vilus and Lethuania but they are lesser esteemed and sold cheaper Schineborgerus saith the back of a Hare is commonly russet or like Olive colour interlined with some black spots the common Hare of the Alpes never changeth colour and it is greater than the ordinary Hare There are white Hares also in England and in Museovia there are a multitude of Hares of all colours but no where so many as in the Desert Islands because there are no Foxes there to kill the young ones or Eagles which frequent the highest Mountains in the Continent and the people that inhabit there regard not hunting In Athens Maucrates saith there were no Hares but Alceus affirmeth the contrary Hares brought into Ithaca dy presently and if they range a little about the Countrey yet return they back to the haven where they came to land and depart not from the shore till they be dead Hegesander Delphus writeth that in the reign of Antigonus there was such a number of Hares in Astipalea and afterward in Leros that the Inhabitants were constrained to go to the Oracle and demand counsel how to resist the Hares from whom they received answer that they must nourish Dogs and kill them and whereas they so abounded in Leros which at the peoples own request and care multiplyed to their great harm afterward a sign of the Hare was placed in Heaven to remember them that nothing so much hurteth man-kinde as their own desires yet in ancient time there was not a Hare in those Countries In the next place we are to describe all the parts and members of Hares for it is admirable to behold how every limb and part of this Beast is composed for celerity and first of all the head is round nimble short and of convenient longitude prone to turn every way the ears long and lofty like an Asses for Nature hath so provided that every fearful and unarmed creature should have long and large ears that by hearing it might prevent its enemies and save it self by flight The lips continually move sleeping and waking and from the slit which they have in the middle of their nose cometh the term of Hare-lips which are so divided in men for if a Woman with childe see one of them suddenly it is dangerous if the childe prove not Hare-lipt They have also teeth on both sides Whatsoever Beast be born in your flock having that mark upon them which is commonly called Hares-tooth never suffer them to suck their dam but cast them away as unprofitable and bastard cattel the neck of a Hare is long small round soft and flexible the shoulder-bone straight and broad for her more easie turning her legs before soft and sound standing a little asunder very flexible broader behind then before and the hinder legs longer then the former a breast not narrow but fitted to take breath in course a nimble back and fleshie belly tender loins hollow sides fat buttocks filled up comely strong and nervy loins the fore-feet very flexible only it wanteth a commodious tail for course The eyes are brown it is a subtile Beast but not bold it seldom looketh forward because it goeth by jumps The eye-lids coming from the brows are too short to cover their eyes and therefore this sense is very weak in them and besides their over-much sleep their fear of Dogs and swiftness causeth them to see the less when they watch they shut their eyes and when they sleep they open them Wherefore the Egyptians when they will signifie and open a manifest matter they picture a Hare sleeping They watch for the most part all the night when the eye-lid of a man is pulled back so as it will not cover the ball of the eye the Graecians call it Lagophthalmous that is Hares-eyes for so doth Coelius define it it cometh sometimes when in the cure it is cut away too much or else when the hinder lid falleth down and standeth not up to meet the other but concerning the colour of their eyes it is not very possible to discover it as well for the causes aforesaid as also because it is seldom taken but dead yet this is certain that with what colour it beginneth in that it continueth to the last according to Virgils verses Quem fuga non rapit ore Canum non occulit umbra Concolor immonum sub Jove terra tegit The liver is so parted asunder that a man would think there were two livers in one body and Pliny is bold to affirm that in Briletum Thirne Propontie Sycynum Bolba and other places they are all such Archelaus upon this occasion affirmeth that a Hare beareth young both male and female so that the Grammarians know not of what sex to make it Albertus and Democritus are absolute in this point Blondus confesseth he cannot tell the common sort of people suppose they are one year male and another female Aelianus also affirmeth so much and by relation of his friend he ventureth the matter and saith moreover that a male Hare was once found almost dead whose belly being opened there were three young ones alive taken out of her belly and that one of them looked up alive after it had lien a while in the Sun and it put out the tongue as though it desired meat whereupon milk was brought to it and so it was nourished But all this is easily answered if a man follow the counsel of Archadius and look upon the secrets of nature he shall finde a most plain distinction but the Hunters object that there be some which are only females and no more but no male that is not also a female and so they make him an Hermaphrodite Niphus also affirmeth so much for he saw a Hare which had stones and a yard and yet was great with young and also another which wanted stones and the males genital and also had young in her belly Rondelius saith that they are not stones but certain little bladders filled with matter which men finde in female Hares with young such as are
upon the belly of a Beaver wherein also the vulgar sort are deceived taking those bunches for stones as they do these bladders And the use of these parts both in Beavers and Hares is this that against rain both one and other sex suck thereout a certain humor and anoint their bodies all over therewith and so are defended in time of rain The belly of a Sow a Bitch and a Hare have many cels in them because they bring forth many at a time when a Hare lyeth down she bendeth her hinder legs under her loins as all rough-footed Beasts do They are deceived which deliver by authority of holy Scriptures that Hares love to lodge them upon Rocks but we have manifested elsewhere that those places are to be understood of Conies They have fore-knowledge both of winde and weather Summer and Winter by their noses for in the Winter they make their forms in the Sun-shine because they cannot abide frost and cold and in the Summer they rest toward the North remaining in some higher ground where they receive colder air We have shewed already that their sight is dim but yet herein it is true that Plutarch saith they have Visum indefessum an indefatigable sense of seeing so that the continuance in a mean degree countervaileth in them the want of excellency Their hearing is most pregnant for the Egyptians when they signifie hearing picture a Hare and for this cause we have shewed you already that their ears are long like horns their voyce is a whining voyce and therefore Authors call it Vagitum as they do a young childes according to the verse of Ovid Intus ut infanti vagiat ore Puer They rest in the day time and walk abroad to feed in the night never feeding near home either because they are delighted with forein food or else because they would exercise their legs in going or else by secret instinct of nature to conceal their forms and lodging places unknown their heart and bloud is cold which Albertus assigneth for a cause of their night-feeding they eat also Grapes and when they are overcome with heat they eat of an herb called Lactuca Leporina and of the Romans and Hetrurians Ciserbita of the Venetians Lactucinos of the French Lacterones that is Hares-lettice Hares-house Hares palace and there is no disease in this Beast the cure whereof she doth not seek for in this herb Hares are said to chew the cud in holy Scripture they never drink but content themselves with the dew and for that cause they often fall rotten It is reported by Philippus Belot that when a Hare drunk Wine she instantly dyed they render their urine backward and their milk is as thick as a Swines and of all creatures they have milk in udders before they deliver their young They are very exceedingly given to sleep because they never wink perfectly some Author's derive their name Lagon in Greek from Laein to see and thereupon the Graecians have a common proverb Lagos Catheudon a sleeping Hare for a dissembling and counterfeiting person because the H 〈…〉 seeth when she sleepeth for this is an admirable and rare work of Nature that all the residue of her bodily parts take their rest but the eye standeth continually sentinel Hares admit copulation backward and herein they are like to Conies because they breed every moneth for the most part and that many at that time the female provoking the male to carnal copulation and while they have young ones in their belly they admit copulation whereby it cometh to pass that they do not litter all at a time but many dayes asunder bringing forth one perfect and another bald without hair but all blinde like other cloven-footed-beasts It is reported that two Hares brought into the Isle Carpathus filled that Island with such abundance that in short time they destroyed all the fruits whereupon came the proverb Carpathius Leporem to signifie them which plow and sow their own miseries It falleth out by divine Providence that Hares and other fearfull Beasts which are good for meat shall multiply to greater numbers in short space because they are naked and unarmed lying open to the violence of men and beasts but the cruel and malignant creatures which live only upon the devouring of their inferiours as the Lyons Wolves Foxes and Bears conceive but very seldom because there is less use for them in the world and God in his creatures keepeth down the cruel and ravenous but advanceth the simple weak and despised when the female hath littered her young ones she first sicketh them with her tongue and afterward seeketh out the male for copulation Hares do seldom wax tame and yet they are amongst them which are neither Plaoidae nor Ferae tame nor wilde but middle betwixt both and Cardane giveth this reason of their untameable nature because they are perswaded that all men are their enemies Scaliger writeth that he saw a tame Hare in the Castle of Mount Pesal who with her hinder legs would come and strike the Dogs of her own accord as it were defying their force and provoking them to follow her Therefore for their meat they may be tamed and accustomed to the hand of man but they remain uncapable of all discipline and ignorant of their teachers voyce so as they can never be brought to be obedient to the call and command of their teacher neither will goe nor come at his pleasure It is a simple creature having no defence but to run away yet it is subtile as may appear by changing of her form and by scraping out her footsteps when she leapeth into her form that so she may deceive her Hunters also she keepeth not her young ones together in one litter but layeth them a furlong one from another that so she may not lose them all together if peradventure men or beasts light upon them Neither is she careful to feed her self alone but also to be defended against her enemies the Eagle the Hawk the Fox and the Woolf for she feareth all these naturally neither can there be any peace made betwixt her and them but she rather trusteth the scratching brambles the solitary woods the ditches and corners of rocks or hedges the bodies of hollow trees and such like places then a dissembling peace with her adversaries The wilde Hawk when she taketh a Hare she setteth one of her talons in the earth and with the other holding her prey striving and wrestling with the Beast untill she have pulled out his eyes and then killeth him The Foxes also compass the poor Hare by cunning for in the night time when he falleth into her foot-steps he restraineth his breath and holdeth in his savour going forward by little and little untill he finde the form of the Hare and then thinking to surprize her on a sudden leapeth at her to catch her but the watchful Hare doth not take sleep after a careless manner delighting rather in
cold it is compound as when many qualities do exceed as when the body is too hot and too dry or too cold and too moist The second kind is called Mala constitutiâ— that is to say an evill state or composition which is to be considered either by the shape number quantity or sight of the member or part evill affected or diseased The third kind is called Vnitatis solutio that is to say the loosening or division of the unity which as it may chance diversly so it hath divers names accordingly for if such solution or division be in a bone then it is called a fracture if it be in any fleshie part then it is called a Wound or Ulcer in the veins a Rupture in the sinews a Convulsion or Cramp and in the skin an Excoriation Again of diseases some be called long and some sharp and short called of the Latins M 〈…〉 which be perillous and do quickly kill the body The long do 〈…〉 rry longer by it Yet moreover there is sickness by it self and sickness by consent Sickness by it self is that which being in some member hindereth the action thereof by it self Sickness by consent is derived out of one member into another through the neighbourhood and community that is betwixt them as the pain of the head which cometh from the stomach Thus the learned Physitians which write of Mars body do divide sickness But Absyrtus writing of Horse-leach craft saith of that sickness or rather malady for so he termeth it using that word as a general name to all manner of diseases that be in a Horse there be four kinds that is to say the moist malady the dry malady the malady of the joynts and the malady betwixt the flesh and the skin The moist malady is that which we call the Glanders The dry malady is an incurable consumption which some perhaps would call the mourning of the chein but not rightly as shall appear unto you hereafter The malady of the joints comprehendeth all griefs and sorentes that be in the joints And the malady betwixt the flesh and the skin is that which we call the 〈◊〉 U 〈…〉 which four kindes of maladies Vegetius addeth three others that is the Forcine the 〈◊〉 of the Reins or Kidnies and the con 〈…〉 ered Marginess most commonly called of the old writers the 〈…〉 sic and so maketh seven kindes of maladies under which all other perticular diseases are comprehended Again Laurentius Rusius useth an other kind of division of sickness Of Horses diseases saith he some be natural and some accidental The natural be those that do come either through the excesse or lack of engendring seed or by error of nature in misforming the young or else by some defect of the dam or sire in that perhaps they be diseased within and have their seed corrupted The accidental diseases be those that come by chance as by surfetting of cold heat and such like thing But forasmuch as none of these writers do follow their own divisions nor handle the parts thereof accordingly to avoid their confusion and to teach plainly I thought good and profitable therefore to use this my own division and order here following First then of diseases some be inward and some be outward The inward be those that breed within the Horses body and are properly called maladies and diseases whereof some do occupy all the whole body and some particular parts or members of the body Of those then that occupie all the body and not be accident to any private member I do first treat as of Agues of the Pestilence and such like and then of those that be incident to every particular member beginning at the head and so proceed orderly throughout all the members even down to the sole of the foot observing therein so nigh as I can the self same order that Galen useth in his book De locis male affectis declaring what manner of disease it is and how it is called in English and also in Italian because the Kings stable is never without Italian Riders of whom our Farriars borrowed divers names as you shall perceive hereafter Then the causes whereof it proceeds and the signes how to know it and finally the cure and diet belonging to the same and because I find not inward diseases enow to answer every part of the body I do not let to interlace them with outward diseases incident to those parts yea rather I leave out no outward disease belonging to any particular member and to the intent you may the better know to what diseases or sorances every part or member of the Horses body is most commonly subject And note by the way that I call those outward diseases that proceed not of any inward cause but of some outward cause as when a Horse is shouldered by means of some outward cause or his back galled with the saddle or his sides spurgalled or his his hoof cloid with a nail which properly may be called sorances or griefs Thirdly I talk of those diseases as well outward as inward that may indifferently chance in any part of the body as of Impostumes Cankerous Ulcers Wounds Fistulaes Burnings Bâ—usings Breaking of bones and such like Fourthly because most diseases are healed either by letting of bloud by taking up of veins by purgation or else by cauterisation that is to say by giving the fire I talk of those four necessary things severally by themselves and finally I shew you the true order of paring and shooing all manner of hoofs according as the diversity of hoofs require and to the intent you may the better understand me you have the perfect shapes of all necessary shooes plainly set forth in figures before your eyes Thus much touching mine order which I have hitherto observed Now it is necessary to know that to every disease or malady belongeth four several times that is to say the beginning the increasing the state and declination which times are diligently to be observed of the Farriar because they require divers applying of medicine for that medicine which was meet to be used in the beginning of the disease perhaps is not to be used in the declination thereof and that which is requisite and very needful to be applyed in the state or chiefest of the disease may be very dangerous to be used in the beginning And therefore the Farriar ought to be a man of judgement and able to discern one time from another to the intent he may apply his medicines rightly Hither of causes and sickness in general Now it is also meet that we speak in general of signes whereby sickness is known Of the signes of sickness in general SIckness according to the learned Physitians is known four manner of wayes First by inseparable or substantial accidents as by the shape number quality and sight of the part or member diseased For if it be otherwise formed or more or lesse in number or quantity or else otherwise placed then it ought to
be then it is not well Secondly sickness is known by alteration of the quality as if it be too hot or too cold too moist or too dry Thirdly when the action of any member is hurt or letted as when the eye-sight is not perfect it is a manifest sign that the eye is evill affected or sick Likewise when there breedeth no good bloud in the body it is an evident token that the Liver is not well Fourthly sickness is known by the excrements that come from the Beast as by dung or stale for if his dung be too strong of sent full of whole Cornâ— or of Wormes too hard or too soft or evill coloured it is a token that he is not well in his body so likewise if his stale be too thick or too thin too white or too red it betokeneth some surfet raw digestion or else some grief in his reins bladder or stones But Vegetius saith that it is best known whether a Horse be sick or not or toward sickness by these signes here following for if he be more slow and heavie in his trotting or gallopping harder of Spur then he was wont to be or spreadeth his litter abroad with his feet often tumbling in the night season fetching his breath short and violently loud snuffling in the Nose and casting out vapors at his Nostrils or lyeth down immediately after his provender or maketh long draughts in his drinking or in the night season is now down and now on foot or if in the next morning he be very hot in his pasterns or betwixt his ears or that his ears hang more then they are wont to do again if his eye sight be dim and his eyes hollow in his head his hairs standing right up and his flanks hollow and empty whensoever two or three of these signes do concur together then it is to be thought saith Vegetius that the Horse is not well and therefore he would have him immediately to be separated from his companions that be whole and to be placed by himself untill his disease be perfectly known and cured and especially if it be any contagious disease I have seen divers Farriars here in England to use that for the trial of a Horses sickness which I never read in any Author that is to feel his stones whether they be hot or cold and tosmell at his nostrils and so by the savour thereof to judge what sickness the Horse hath Truly I think that no evill way if they can discern with their sense of smelling the diversity of savours that cometh out of his Nostrils and then aptly apply the same to the humours whereof such savours be bred and so orderly to seek out the originall cause of his sickness But I fear me that more Farriars smell without judgement then with such judgement and no marvell why sith that few or none be learned or have been brought up with skilful Masters But from henceforth I trust that my travail will cause such Farriars as can read and have some understanding already to be more diligent in seeking after knowledge then they have been heretofore whereby they shall be the better able to serve their Countrey and also to profit themselves with good fame whereas now for lack of knowledge they incur much slander Of the Fever and divers kinds thereof in a Horse I Think it will seem strange unto some to hear that a Horse should have an Ague or Fever but it was not strange unto the men of old time as to Absyrtus Hierocles Xenophon Vegetius and such like old Souldiers throughly experimented in Horses griefs A Fever according to the learned Physitians is an unnatural and immoderate heat which proceeding first from the heart spreadeth it self throughout all the arteries and veins of the body and so letteth the actions thereof Of Fevers there be three general kinds whereof the first is that which breedeth in the spirits being inflamed or heated more then their nature requireth The second breedeth in the humors being also distempered by heat The third in the firm parts of the body being continually hot What spirits and humors be hath been told you before in the keepers Office Of these three general kinds do spring many other special kinds as Quotidians Tertians Quartans Fevers Hectick and very many others whereunto mans body is subject whereof none of my Authors do treat unless Vegetius who speaketh somewhat of a Fever Quotidian of a Fever continual and also of a Fever accidental He speaketh also of Summer Autumn and Winter Fevers without making any great difference betwixt them more then that one is worse then another by reason of the time and season of the year so that in effect all is but one Fever Wherefore according unto Absyrtus opinion I will briefly shew you first the causes whereof it proceeds and then the signes how to know it and finally how to cure the same The Fever chanceth sometime by surfetting of extreme labour or exercise as of too much travelling and especially in hot weather of too swift gallopping and running and sometime by extreme heat of the Sun and also by extreme cold of the aire and sometime it breedeth of crudity or raw digestion which many times happeneth by over greedy eating of sweet green corn or of such provender as was not thoroughly dryed or cleansed for after such greedy eating and specially such meat never followeth perfect digestion The signes to know a Fever be these The Horse doth continually hold down his head and is not able to lift it up his eyes are even blown so as he cannot easily open them yea and many times they be watering the flesh of his lips and of all his body is lush and feeble his stones hang low his body is hot and his breath is very hot and strong he standeth weakly on his legs and in his going draweth them lasiely after him yea he cannot go but very softly and that staggering here and there he will lie down on his side and is not able to turn himself or to wallow he forsaketh his meat both hay and provender and is desirous of nothing but of drink which as Absyrtus saith is an assured token of a Fever he also sleepeth but little The cure and diet Let him bloud in the face and temples and also in the palat of his mouth and the first day give him no meat but only warm drink and that by little and little Afterward give him continually grasse or else very sweet hay wet in water and let him be kept warm and sometime walke him up and down fair and softly in a temperate air and then let him rest and when you see that he begins to amend give him by little and little at once Barley fair sifted and well sodden and also mundified that is to say the huske pulled away like as when you blanch Almonds Of divers sorts of Fevers according to Vegetius and first of that which continueth but one day THe Fever of
one day called by the Greek name Ephemera or else by the Latin name Diaria chanceth many times through the rashness and small discretion of the keeper or some other that letteth not to ride a Horse unmeasurably either before or after watering whereby the Horse afterward in the stable entreth into an extream heat and so falleth into his Fever which you shall know partly by his waterish and bloud-shotten eyes and partly by his short violent and hot breathing and panting Moreover he will forsake his meat and his legs will wax stiffe and feeble The cure Let him have rest all the next day following and be comforted with warm meat then let him be walked up and down fair and softly and so by little and little brought again to his former estate Of the Fever continual THe Fever continual is that which continueth without intermission and is called in Italian by the Latin name Febris continua which springeth of some inflamation or extream heat bred in the principal members or inward parts about the heart which is known in this sort The Horse doth not take his accustomed rest whereby his flesh doth fall away every day more and more and sometime there doth appear hot inflamations in his flanks and above his withers The cure Purge his head by squirting into his Nostrils Mans urine or the Water of an Ox that hath been rested a certain time to the intent such water may be the stronger and then give him the drink written in the next Chapter Of the Fever taken in the Autumn that is to say at the fall of the leaf IF a Horse chance to get a Fever at the fall of the leaf cause him immediately to be let bloud in the neck vein and also in the third furrow of the roof of his mouth and then give him this drink Take of Jermander four ounces of Gum-dragant and of dryed Roses of each one ounce beat them all into fine powder and put them into a quart of Ale adding thereunto of Oil-olive four ounces and of Hony as much and give it the Horse lukewarm Of the Fever in Summer season A Fever taken in Summer season is much worse then in any other time and especially if it be taken in the Dog days for then the accidents be more furious The signes be these his arteries will beat evidently and he will shed his seed when he staleth and his going will be unorderly The cure Let him bloud in a vein that he hath in his hinder hanch about four fingers beneath the fundament or if you cannot finde that vein let him bloud in the neck vein toward the withers and if it be needful you may also give him this drink Take the juyce of a handful of Parslein mingled with Gum-dragant with Ensens and a few Damask roses beaten all into fine powder and then put thereunto a sufficient quantity of Ale made sweet with Hony Of the Fever in Winter FOr the Fever in Winter it shall be good to take the powder of the drugs last mentioned and with a quill or reed to blow it up into his left nostril to make him to neese It shall be good also to let him bloud in the neck vein and in the palat of the mouth and then give him one of these drinks here following Take of Ireos six ounces of round Pepper one ounce of Bay berries and of the seed of Smallage of each one ounce and let him drink them with sodden Wine Or else take a pinte of good Milk and put therein of Oile four ounces of Saffron one scruple of Myrrhe two scruples of the seed of Smallage a spoonful and make him drink that or make him this drink Take of Aristoloch otherwise called round Hartwort one ounce of Gentian of Hysop of Worm-wood of Sothernwood of each one ounce of dry fat figs six ounces of the seed of Smallage three ounces of Rue a handful boil them all in a clean Vessel with River Water untill the third part be consumed and when you see it look black and thick take it from the fire strain it and give the Horse to drink thereof lukewarm As touching his diet let his water be alwayes lukewarm wherein would be put a little Wheat meal and remember to give him no meat so long as his fit continueth And because in all Agues it is good to quicken the natural heat of the Horse by rubbing and fretting his body it shall not be amisse in some fair day to use this Friction called of the ancient writers Apotorapie which is made in this sort Take of Damaske Roses one pound of old Oil a pinte of strong Vinegar a pinte and a half of Mints and Rue beaten into powder of each one ounce and a half together with one old dry Nut beat them and mingle them together then being strained and made lukewarm rub and chafe all the Horses body therewith against the hair untill he beginneth to sweat then set him up in the warmest place of the stable and cover him well Of the Fever which cometh of raw Digestion or of Repletion YOu shall know if the Fever proceedeth of any such cause by these signes here following The Horse will blow at the nose more then he is accustomed to do seemeth to fetch his winde only at his nose and his breath will be short hot and dry you shall see his flanks walk and his back to beat The cure Cause him to be let bloud abundantly in the head and palat of his month and by squirting warm Vinegar in the morning into his nostrils force him to neese and if he be costive let his fundament be raked or else give him a Glyster to ease the pain in his head And as touching his diet give him but litttle provender or hay neither let him drink much nor often but betwixt times But in any wise let him be well rubbed and chafed and that a good while together and if you use the Friction declared in the last Chapter before in such sort as there is said it shall do him very much good Of the Fever accidental coming of some Vlcer in the mouth or throat THe Horse not being well kept and governed after that he hath been let bloud in the upper parts yea and also besides that of his own nature is subject unto the distillation in his throat or parts thereabout the painful swelling or Ulcer whereof causeth the Horse to fall into a grievous Ague Whereof besides the former remedies apt to purge humors it shall be necessary also to let him bloud in the vein of the head and in the palat of his mouth and to be short in all those places where the disease causeth most grief And if the Horse be so sore pained as he cannot swallow down his meat it shall be good to give him lukewarm water mingled with Barley meal or Wheat meal and beside that to make him swallow down seven sops sopped in Wine one after another at one
after great floods or earthquakes and sometime by means of some evill distillation or influence of the Planets corrupting sometime the plants and fruits of the earth and sometime divers kind of Cattle and sometime both Men Women and Children as we dayly see by experience It seemeth that this evill or mischief in times past came suddenly without giving any warning for none of mine Authors doth declare any signes how to know whether a Horse hath this disease or not but only affirm that if one Horse do die of it all his fellows that bear him company will follow after if they be not remedied in time so that as far as I can learn the sudden death of one or two first must be the only mean to know that this disease doth reign And the remedy that they give is this First separate the whole from the sick yea and have them 〈◊〉 out of the air of those that be dead the bodies whereof as Vegetius saith if they be not 〈◊〉 buryed will infect all the rest And let them bloud as well in the neck as in the mouth and then give them this drink Take of Gentian of Aristoloch of Bay 〈…〉 es of 〈…〉 of the scraping of Ivory of each like quantity beat them into fine powder and give as 〈◊〉 to the sick as to the whole whom you would preserve from this coâ—tagion every day a spoonful 〈◊〉 two of this powder in a pinte of good Wine so long as you shall see it needful This 〈◊〉 before rehearsed is called of the ancient writers Diapente that is to say a composition 〈…〉 simples and is praised to be a soveraign medicine and preservative against all inward diseases and therefore they would have such as travell by the way to carry of this powder alwayes 〈◊〉 them There be many other medicines which I leave to write because if I should rehearse every 〈◊〉 medicine my book would be infinite I for my part would use no other then that before expressed or else Wine and Treacle only Of the Diseases in the Head THe head is subject to divers diseases according to the divers parts thereof for in the panicles or little fine skins cleaving to the bones and covering the brain do most properly breed head-ach and Migram Again in the substance of the brain which in a Horse is as much in quantity as is almost the brain of a mean Hog do breed the Frensie madness sleeping evill the Palsie and forgetfulness Finally in the ventricles or cels of the brain and in those conducts through which the spirits animal do give feeling and moving to the body do breed the Turnsick or staggers the Falling-evill the Night-mare the Apoplexy the Palsie and the Convulsion or Cramp the Catar or Rhume which in a Horse is called the Glaunders but first of Head-ach Of Head-ach THe Head-ach either cometh of some inward causes as of some cholerick humor bred in the the panicles of the brain or else of some outward cause as of extream heat or cold of some blow or of some violent savour Eumelus saith that it cometh of raw digestion but Martin saith most commonly of cold the signes be these the Horse will hang down his head and also hang down his ears his sight will be dim his eyes swollen and waterish and he will forsake his meat The cure Let him bloud in the palat of his mouth also purge his head with this perfume Take of Garlike stalks a handful all to broken in short pieces and a good quantity of Frankincense and being put into a chafing-dish of fresh coals hold the chafing-dish under the Horses nostrils so as the fume may ascend up into his head and in using him thus once or twice it will make him to cast at the nose and so purge his head of all filth Pelagonius saith that it is good to pour into his nostrils Wine wherein hath been sodden Euforbium Centaury and Frankincense Of the Frenzy and Madness of a Horse THe learned Physitians do make divers kindes as well of Frensie as of Madness which are not needful to be recited sith I could never read in any Author nor learn of any Farriar that a Horse were subject to the one half of them Absyrtus Hierocles Eumelus Pelagonius and Hippocrates do write simply de furore rabie that is to say of the madness of a Horse But indeed Vegetius in his second Book of Horse-leach-craft seemeth to make four mad passions belonging to a Horse intituling his Chapters in this sort de Appioso de Frenetico de Cardiacis de Rabioso the effects thereof though I fear me it will be to no great purpose yet to content such as perhaps have read the Author as well as I my self I will here briefly rehearse the same When some naughty bloud saith he doth strike the film or pannicle of the brain in one part only and maketh the same grievously to ake then the beast becometh Appiosum that is to say as it seemeth by his own words next following both dull of minde and of sight This word Appiosum is a strange word and not to be found again in any other Author and because in this passion the one side of the head is only grieved the Horse turneth round as though he went in a Mill. But when the poyson of such corrupt bloud doth infect the mid brain then the Horse becometh Frantick and will leap and fling and will run against the wals And if such bloud filleth the veins of the stomach or breast then it infecteth as well the heart as the brain and causeth alienation of minde and the body to sweat and this disease is called of Vegetius Passocardiaca which if Equus Appiosus chance to have then he becometh Rabiosus that is to say stark-mad For saith he by overmuch heat of the liver and bloud the veins and arteries of the heart are choaked up for grief and pain whereof the Horse biteth himself and gnaweth his own flesh Of two sorts of mad Horses I believe I have seen my self here in this Realm For I saw once a black Sweatbland Horse as I took him to be in my Lord of Hunsdons stable at Hunsdon coming thither by chance with my Lord Morley which Horse would stand all day long biting of the manger and eat little meat or none suffering no man to approach unto him by which his doings and partly by his colour and complexion I judged him to be vexed with a melancholy madness called of the Physitians Mania or rather Melancholia which cometh of a corrupt Melancholy and filthy bloud or humor sometime spread throughout all the veins of the body and sometimes perhaps remaining only in the head or else in the spleen or places next adjoyning The other mad Horse was a Roan of Master Ashlies Master of the Jewel house which with his teeth crushed his Masters right fore-finger in pieces whilest he offered him a little Hay to eat whereby he lost in a manner
the use of his whole hand to the great grief of all his friends and also of all the Muses which were wont to be much delighted with such passing sweet musick as that his fine quavering hand could sometime make upon divers Instruments but especially upon the Virginals This Horse I say though he could eat his meat drink his drink and sleep yet if he were never so little offended he would take on like a spirit and both bite and strike at any man that came nigh him yea and would bite himself by the shoulders most terribly pulling away lumps of flesh so broad as a mans hand and whensoever he was ridden he was fain to be musled with a muslel of iron made of purpose to keep him from biting either of his Rider or of himself which no doubt proceeded of some kinde of frenzy or madness whereunto the Horse was subject by means that hot bloud as I take it abounded over-much in him But now as touching the causes signes and cure of Horses madness you shall hear the opinion of old Writers for Martin never took such cure in hand Absyrtus and the other Authors before mentioned say that the madness of a Horse cometh either by means of some extream heat taken by travelling or long standing in the hot Sun or else by eating over many fitches or by some hot bloud resorting to the panicles of the brain or through abundance of choler remaining in the veins or else by drinking of some very unwholesome water The signes be these he will bite the manger and his own body and run upon every man that comes nigh him he will continually shake his ears and stare with his eyes and some at the mouth and also as Hippocrates saith he will forsake his meat and pine himself with hunger The cure Cause him to be let bloud in his legs abundantly which is done as I take it to divert the bloud from his head Notwithstanding it were not amiss to let him bloud in the neck and brest veins Then give him this drink take the roots of wilde Cowcumber and boil it in harsh red Wine and put thereunto a little Nitre and give it him with a horn luke-warm or if you can get no Cowcumber then take Rue and Mints and boil them in the Wine it were not amiss also to add thereunto a handful of black Elleborus for that is a very good herb against madness Eumelius saith that if you give him mans dung in Wine to drink three mornings together it will heal him also to take of black Elleborus two or three handfuls and boil it in a sufficient quantity of strong Vinegar and therewith rub and chafe both his head and all his body once or twice a day for the oftner his head is rubbed the better and often exercise is very profitable to all his body Some again would have the skin of his body to be pierced in divers places with an hot iron to let out the evill humors but if none of all this will prevail then the last remedy is to geld him of both his stones or else of one at the least for either that will heal him or else nothing As touching the diet and usage of a mad Horse the Authors do not agree for some would have him kept in a close dark and quiet house void from all noise which as Absyrtus saith will either make him madder or else kill him out of hand His diet would be thin that is to say without any provender and that day that he is let bloud and receiveth his drink they would have him fast untill even and then to have a warm mash of Barley meal yea me thinks it were not amiss to feed him only with warm mashes and hay and that by a little at once untill he be somewhat recovered Another of the Head-ach THe Head-ach as most are opinionated proceedeth of cold and raw digestion the cure is Take a Goose feather anointed with Oyl-de-bay and thrust it up into the Horses nostrils to make him neese then take a wreath of Pease-straw or wet hay and putting fire thereunto hold it under the Horses nose so as the smoke may ascend up into his head then being thus perfumed take a knife and prick him in the palat of the mouth so that he may lick up and chaw his own bloud which done have great care in keeping his head warm and doubt not his recovery Of the Sleeping-evil THis is a disease forcing the Beast continually to sleep whether he will or not taking his memory and appetite clean away and therefore is called of the Physitians Lethargus it proceedeth of abundance of flegm moistning the brain overmuch It is easie to know it by the continual sleeping of the Horse The cure of this disease according to Pelagonius Vegetius and others is in this sort Let him bloud in the neck and then give him this drink Take of Camomile and Mother-wort of each two or three handfuls and boil them in a sufficient quantity of water and put thereunto a little Wheat-bran Salt and Vinegar and let him drink a pinte of that every day the space of three or four days together It is good also to perfume and chafe his head with Thyme and Pennyroyal sodden together in Vinegar or with Brimstone and feathers burned upon a chafingdish of coals under his nose and to provoke him to neese by blowing Pepper and Pyrethre beaten to powder up into his nostrils yea and to anoint the palate of his mouth with Honey and Mustard mingled together and in his drink which would be always warm water to put Parsley seed and Fennel seed to provoke urine His legs also would be bathed and his hoofs filled with Wheat-bran Salt and Vinegar sodden together and laid to so hot as he may endure it and in any case suffer him not to sleep but keep him waking and stirring by continual crying unto him or pricking him with some sharp thing that cannot pass through the skin or else by beating him with a whip and this doing he shall recover Another of the Sleeping-evill THe Sleeping-evill in a Horse differeth nothing from that which the Physitians call the Lethargy in men for it provoketh the Horse to sleep continually without desisting robbing his memory and appetite of their qualities the knowledge thereof is easily known by his drowsiness and the cure in this sort Let one stand by him and either with fearful noise or stripes perforce keep him waking then let him bloud under the eyes and in the neck and then take a leaf or two of the best Tobacco which being dryed and beaten to powder with a quill blow it up into his nostrils and give him to drink Vinegar Salt and Mustard mingled well together to which if you put a little Honey it shall not be amiss and also when he drinketh any water put thereto either Fennel-seeds Aniseeds or Pepper Of a Horse that is taken A Horse is said to
with Wool and make him this purging drink Take of Radish roots two ounces of the root of the herb called in Latine Panex or Panaces and of Scammony of each one ounce beat all these things together and boyl them in a quart of Honey and at sundry times as you shall see it needful give him a good spoonful or two of this in a quart of Ale luke-warm whereunto would be put three or four spoonfuls of Oyl It is good also to blow the powder of Motherwort or of Pyrethrum up into his nostrils and if the disease do continue still for all this then it shall be needful to pierce the skin of his fore-head in divers places with a hot iron and to let out the humors oppressing his brain Of the Night-mars THis is a disease oppressing either Man or Beast in the night season when he sleepeth so as he cannot draw his breath and is called of the Latines Iucubus It cometh of a continual crudity or raw digestion of the stomach from whence gross vapours ascending up into the head do oppress the brain and all the sensitive powers so as they cannot do their office in giving perfect feeling and moving to the body And if this disease chancing often to a man be not cured in time it may perhaps grow to a worse mischief as to the Falling-evil Madness or Apoplexy But I could never learn that Horses were subject to this disease neither by relation nor yet by reading but only in an old English Writer who sheweth neither cause nor signes how to know when a Horse hath it but only teacheth how to cure it with a food foolish charm which because it may perhaps make you gentle Reader to laugh as well as it did me for recreation sake I will here rehearse it Take a flint stone that hath a hole of his own kinde and bang it over him and write in a bill In nomine patris c. Saint George our Ladies Knight He walked day so did he night Vntil â—e her found He her beat and he her bound Till truly her trâ—ath she him plight That she would not come within the night There as Saint George our Ladies Knight Named was three times Saint George And hang this Scripture over him and let him alone with such proper charme as this is the 〈◊〉 Fryers in times past were wont to charm the money out of plain folke purses Of the Apoplexy THe Apoplexy is a disease depriving all the whole body of sense and moving And if it deprive but part of the body then it is called of the Latines by the Greek name Paralysis in our tongue a Palsie It proceeds of cold gross and tough humors oppressing the brain all at once which may breed partly of crudities and raw digestion and partly by means of some hurt in the head taken by a fall stripe or otherwise As touching Apoplexy few or none writing of Horse-â—leach-craft do make any mention thereof but of the Palsie Vegetius writeth in this manner A Horse saith he may have the Palsie as well as a man which is known by these signes He will go 〈…〉 ing and 〈◊〉 like a Crab carrying his neck awry as if it were broken and goeth crookedly with his legs beating his head against the wals and yet forsaketh not his meat nor drink and his provender seemeth moist and wet The cure Let him bloud in the temple vein on the contrary side of the â—rying of his neck and anoint his neck with comfortable Oyntment and splent it with splents of wood to make it stand right and let him stand in a warm stable and give him such drinks as are recited in the next chapter following But if all this profiteth not then draw his neck with a hot iron on the contrary side that is to say on the whole side from the neather part of the ear down to the shoulders and draw also a good long strike on his temple on that side and on the other temple make him a little star in this sort * and from his reins to his mid back draw little lines in manner of a ragged staffe and that will heal him Of the Cramp or Convulsion of the Sinews and Muscles A Convulsion or Cramp is a forcible and painful contraction or drawing together of the sinews and muscles which do happen sometime through the whole body and sometime but in one part or member only And according as the body may be diversly drawn so do the Physitians and also mine Authors that write of Horse-leech-craft give it divers names For if the body be drawn forward then they call it in Greek Emprosthotonos in Latine Tensio ad anteriora And if the body be drawn back it is called in Greek Opisthotonos in Latine Tensio ad posteriora But if the body he stark and strait bowing neither forward nor backward then it is called simply in Greek Tetanos in Latine Distensio or Rigor which names also are applyed to the like Convulsions of the neck Notwithstanding Vegetius writing of this disease entituleth his chapters de Roborosis a strange tearm and not to be found again in any other Author A Convulsion as I said before may chance as well to one part or member of the body as to the whole body as to the eye to the skin of the fore head to the roots of the tongue to the jaws to the lips to the arm hand or leg that is to say whensoever the sinew or muscle serving to the moving of that part is evill affected or grieved Of which Convulsions though there be many divers causes yet Hippocrates bringeth them all into two that is to say into fulness and emptiness for when a Convulsion proceedeth either of some inflamation of superfluous eating or drinking or for lack of due purgation or of overmuch rest and lack of exercise all such causes are to be referred to repletion or fulness But if a Convulsion come by means of over-much purging or bleeding or much watching extream labour long fasting or by wounding or pricking of the sinews then all such causes are to be referred unto emptiness And if the Convulsion proceed of fulness it chanceth suddenly and all at once but if of emptiness then it cometh by little and little and leisurely Besides these kindes of Convulsions there is also chancing many times in a mans fingers legs and toes another kinde of Convulsion which may be called a windy Convulsion for that it proceeds of some gross or tough vapour entred into the branches of the sinews which maketh them to swell like a Lute string in moist weather which though it be very painful for the time yet it may be soon driven away by chasing or rubbing the member grieved with a warm cloth And this kinde of Convulsion or Cramp chanceth also many times to a Horses hinder-legs standing in the stable For I have seen some my self that have had one of their hinder-legs drawn up with the Cramp almost to the belly
so stiffe and hard as no man hath been able to stir it neither could the Horse himself set it down to the ground of a long season which I think might be soon remedied first by continual chasing fretting or rubbing his legs with a good wispe and then by tying up the other hinder-leg or else the foreleg on the sore side whereby he should be forced to set down the pained leg Thus far I have discoursed of the Convulsion of sinews and of the causes thereof according to the opinions of the learned Physitians Now I will briefly shew you the causes signes and cure thereof according to the doctrine of mine Authors that write of Horse-leech-craft Absyrtus saith that this disease doth come either by driving the Horse into a sweat when he halteth or for that he hath troden upon some nail or by taking cold after journeying and sweating in Winter season whereby his lips are clung together or by long lying and rest after sweating whereby the sinews of his fore-legs be nummed or by having some stripe of his privy members or by long travelling in the cold Mountains where Snow and Ice doth abound For Theomnestus writeth that coming out of Paeonia with the King and his Army and passing over the Mountains to go into 〈…〉 ly there fell such abundance of Snow as not only many Souldiers dyed sitting still on their Horses backs with their Weapons in their hands being so stark and stiffe and cleaving so fast to their Saddles as they could not easily be pulled out of them but also divers Horses in their going were so nummed as they could not bow their legs yea and some were found stark dead standing still on their feet and few Horses or none escaped at that time free from this Convulsion of sinews insomuch that Theomnestus his own Horse which he loved dearly was sore vexed therewith The signes to know whether a Horse be troubled with the Convulsion in the sinews or not be these His head and neck will be so stiffe and stark as he can bow it no manner of way his ears will stand right up and his eyes will be hollow in his head and the fleshy parts thereof in the great corners will be turned backward his lips will be clung fast together so as he cannot open his mouth and his tongue so nummed as he can neither eat nor drink his back-bone and tail will be so stiffe as he cannot move it one way nor other and his legs so stiffe as they will not bow and being laid he is not able to rise and specially on his hinder-legs but falleth down on his buttocks like a Dog when he sitteth on the ground and by means of the Convulsion in his back his bladder also for neighbour-hood sake suffereth whereby the Horse cannot stale but with great pain The cure Put him into a sweat either by burying him all save the head in some warm dunghill or it he be a Horse of price carry him into a hot house where is no smoke and let him sweat there Then anoint all his body head neck legs and all with Oyl of Cypres and Oyl of Bay mingled together Or else with one of these Ointments Take of Hogs grease two pound of Turpentine half a pound of Pepper beaten in powder one dram of new Wax one pound of old Oyl two pound boil all these together and being made very warm anoint all his body therewith Or else with this Ointment Take of new Wax one pound of Turpentine four ounces of Oyl-de-bay as much of Opopanax two ounces of Deers sewet and Oyl of Storax of each three ounces melt all these together and anoint all his body therewith It is good also to bath his head with the decoction of Fitches or else of Lupines and make him this drink Take twenty grains of long Pepper finely beaten into powder of Cedar two ounces of Nitre one ounce of Laserpitium as much as a Bean and mingle all these together with a sufficient quantity of white Wine and give him thereof to drink a quart every morning and evening for the space of three or four days or else this drink Take of Opopanax two ounces of Storax three ounces of Gentian three ounces of Manna Succary three ounces of Myrrhe one scruple of long Pepper two scruples give him this with old Wine or make him a drink of Laserpitium Cumin A â—ise seed Fenigreek Bay-berries and old Oyl In old time they were wont to let him bloud in the Temples which Absyrtus doth not allow saying that it will cause the sinews of his lips to dry up so as the Horse being not able to move them shall pine for hunger As touching his diet give him at the first warm mashes and such soft meat as he may easily get down and wet Hay bringing him to harder food by little and little And in any case let him be kept very warm and ridden or walked once a day to exercise his legs and limbs Theomnestus cured his Horse as he saith by placing him in a warm stable and by making a clear fire without any smoke round about him and the Horse not being able to open his jaws of himself he caused his mouth to be opened and put therein sops dipt in a confection called Entrigon conditum and also anointed all his body with a Medicine or Ointment called Acopum the making whereof hereafter followeth dissolved in Cypres Oyl which made him to fall into a sweat and being before half dead and more brought him again to his feeling and moving so as he did rise and eat his meat Of the Cramp or Convulsions of the Sinews or Muscles A Convulsion or Cramp is a forcible drawing together of the sinews sometimes universally over the whole body as I have seen one Horse in my life time and sometimes but in one part or member as I have known and helpt divers These Convulsions have two grounds namely either natural or else accidental natural as proceeding of cold windy humors ingendered in the body and dispersed into those parts work there the effects of grievance Accidental is by wounding or pricking the sinews of which immediately ensueth a Convulsionâ— If it be natural and the disease generally dispersed then the cure is thus Dig a great deep hole in some old dung-hil and there bury him all save the head so as he may sweat there for the space of two hours at the least then take him out and anoint his body all over with Nerve oil Turpentine and Deers suet mingled together on the fire and bath his head in the juyce of Rue and Camomile Then give him to drink old Ale brewd with Cinamon Ginger Fenigreek and long Pepper of each three ounces As for his diet let it be warm mashes sodden wheat and hay throughly carded with a pair of Wool-cards let him be kept very warm and aired abroad once a day at the least If this Convulsion be but only in one member then it is sufficient
hath any Pearl growing in his eye or thin film covering the ball of his eye then Russius would have you take of Pumice stone of Tarturam and of sal Gemmâ— of each like weight and being beaten into very fine powder to blow a little of that in his eye continuing so to do every day once or twice untill he be whole Martin saith that he always used to blow a little Sandivoir into the eye once a day which simple he affirmeth to be of such force as it will break any Pearl or Web in short space and make the eye very clear and fair Russius amongst a number of other medicines praiseth most of all the powder of a black flint stone Of the Pin and Web and other dimness FOr to cure the Pin Web Pearl Film or other dimness use this means following Take of Sandivoir the powder of burnt Allum and the powder of black Flint-stone of each like quantity and once a day blow a little thereof into the Horses eye and it will wear away such imperfect matter and make the eye clear Of the Haw called of the Italians Ilunghia de gli occhi THis is a gristle covering sometime more then one half of the eye It proceedeth of gross and tough humors descending out of the head which Haw as Martin saith would be cut away in this sort First pull both the eye-lids open with two several threds stirched with a needle to either of the lids Then catch hold of the Haw with another needle and thred and pull it out so far as you may cut it round the bredth of a penny and leave the black behinde For by cutting away too much of the fat and black of the eye the Horse many times becometh blear-eyed And the Haw being clean taken away squirt a little white Wine or Beer into his eye Another of the Haw A Haw is a gross gristle growing under the eye of a Horse and covering more then one half of his sight which if he be suffered will in short time perish the eye the cure is thus Lay your thumb under his eye in the very hollow then with your finger pull down the lid and with a sharp needle and thred take hold of the Haw and plucking it out with a sharp knife cut it away the compass of a penny or more that done wash the eye with a little Beer Of Lunatich Eyes VEgetius writeth De oculo Lunatico but he sheweth neither cause nor signes thereof but only saith that the old men tearmed it so because it maketh the eye sometime to look as though it were covered with white and sometime clear Martin saith that the Horse that hath this disease is blinde at certain times of the Moon insomuch that he seeth almost nothing at all during that time and then his eyes will look yellowish yea and somewhat reddish which disease according to Martin is to be cured in this fort First use the platster mentioned before in the chapter of Waterish or Weeping eyes in such order as is there prescribed and then with a sharp knife make two slits on both sides of his head an inch long somewhat towards the nose a handful beneath the eyes not touching the vein and with a cornet loosen the skin upward the breadth of a groat and thrust therein a round peece of leather as broad as a two penny peece with a hole in the midst to keep the hole open and look to it once a day that the matter may not be stopped but continually run the space of ten days then take the leather out and healthe wound with a little flax dipt in the salve here following Take of Turpentine of Honey of Wax of each like quantity and boyl them together which being a little warmed will be liquid to serve your purpose and take not away the plaisters from the temples untill they fall away of themselves which being fallen then with a small hot drawing Iron make a star in the midst of each temple 〈…〉 where the plaister did ly Which star would have â—hole in the midst made with the button end of your drawing Iron Another of Lunatick or Moon-eyes OF these Lunatick eyes I have known divers they are blinde at certain times of the Moon they are very red fiery and full of film they come with over-riding and extraordinary heat and fury the cure of them is thus Lay upon the Temples of his head a plaister of Bitch Rozen and Mastick molten together very exceeding hot then with a little round Iron made for the purpose burn three or four holes an inch or more underneath his eyes and anoint those holes every day with Hogs grease then put it in his eyes every day with a little Honey and in short time he will recover his sight Of the Canker in the Eye THis cometh of a ranck and corrupt bloud descending from the head into the eye The signes You shall see red pimples some small and some great both within and without upon the eye-lids and all the eye will look red and be full of corrupt matter The cure according to Martin is thus First let him bloud on that side the neck that the eye is grieved the quantity of a pottle Then take of Roch Allum of green Copperas of each half a pound of white Copperas one ounce and boil them in three pintes of running water untill the half be consumed then take it from the fire and once a day wash his eye with this water being made luke-warm with a fine linnen cloth and cleanse the eye therewith so oft as it may look raw continuing thus to do every day untill it be whole Of diseases incident to the Ears and Poll of the head and first of aâ— Impostume in the Ear. IMpostumes breed either by reason of some blow or bruising or else of evill humors congealed in the ear by some extream cold the signes be apparent by the burning and painful swelling of the ear and part thereabout The cure according to Martin is in this sort First ripe the Impostume with this plaister Take of Linseed beaten into powder of Wheat flowre of each half a pinte of Honey a pinte of Hogs grease or Barrows grease one pound Warm all these things together in an earthen pot and stir them continually with a flat stick or slice untill they be throughly mingled and incorporated together and then spread some of this plaister being warm upon a peece of linnen cloth or soft white leather so broad as the swelling and no more and lay it warm unto it and so let it remain one whole day and then renew it with fresh Ointment continuing so to do untill it break then lance the sore so that it may have passage downward and tent it to the bottom with a tent of flax dipt in this Ointment Take of Mel Rosatum of Oyl Olive and Turpentine of each two ounces and mingle them together and make him a
biggen of Canvas to close in the sore so as the tent with the Ointment may abide within renewing the tent once a day untill it be whole But if the Horse have pain in his ears without any great swelling or Impostumation then thrust in a little black Wooll dipt in Oyl of Camomile and that wilâ— heal it Of the Poll evill THis is a disease like a Fistula growing betwixt the ears and the poll or nape of the neck and proceedeth of evill humors gathered together in that place or else of some blow or bruise for that is the weakest and tenderest part of all the head and therefore soonest offended which rude Carters do little consider whilest in their fury they beat their Horses upon that place of the head with their whip-stocks and therefore no Horse is more subject to this disease then the Cart-horse and this disease cometh most in Winter season The signes You shall perceive it by the swelling of the place which by continuance of time will break it self rotting more inward then outward and therefore is more perillous if it be not cured in time and the sooner it be taken in hand the better The cure according to Martin is thus If it be not broken ripe it with a plaister of Hogs grease laid unto it so hot as may be and make a biggen for the Poll of his head to keep it from cold which biggen would have two holes open so as his â—ars may stand out and renew the plaister every day once untill it break keeping the sore place as warm as may be And if you see that it will not break so soon as you would have it then there as it is softest and most meetest to be opened take a round hot Iron as big as your little finger and sharp at the point and two inches beneath that soft place thrust it in a good deepness upward so as the point of the Iron may come out at the ripest place to the intent that the matter may descend downward and come at the neather hole which would be always kept open and therefore tent it with a tent of flax dipt in Hogs grease and lay a plaister of Hogs grease also upon the same renewing it every day once the space of four days which is done chiefly to kill the heat of the fire Then at the four days end take of Turpentine half a pound clean washed in nine sundry waters and after that throughly dryed by thrusting out the water with a slice on the dishes side then put thereunto two yolks of Egges and a little Saffron and mingle them well together that done search the depth of the hole with a whole quill and make a tent of a piece of spunge so long as it may reach the bottom and so big as it may fill the wound and anoint the tent with the aforesaid Ointment and thrust it into the wound either with that quill or else by winding it up with your finger and thumb by little and little untill you have thrust it home and lay on the plaister of Hogs grease made luke-warm renuing it every day once or twice untill it be whole But if the swelling cease then you need not to use the plaister but only to tent it and as the matter decreaseth so make your tent every day lesser and lesser untill the wound be perfectly whole Of the Vives THe Vives be certain kernels growing under the Horses ear proceeding of some rank or corrupt bloud resorting to the place which within are full of little white grains like white salt kernels The Italians call them Vivole which if they be suffered to grow Laurentius Russius saith that they will grievously pain the Horse in his throat so as he shall not be able to swallow his meat nor to breath They be easie to know for they may be felt and also seen The cure according unto Martin is in this sort First draw them down in the midst with a hot iron from the root of the ear so far as the tip of the ear will reach being puld down and under the root again draw two strikes on each side like a broad arrow head then in the midst of the first line lance them with a lancet and taking hold of the kernels with a pair of pinsons pull them so far forward as you may cut the kernels out without hurting the vein that done fill the hole with white Salt But Hierocles would have them to be cured in this sort Take a piece of Spunge sowsed well in strong Vinegar and binde that to the sore renewing it twice a day untill it hath rotted the kernels that done lance the neathermost part where the matter lyeth and let it out and then fill it up with Salt finely brayed and the next day wash all the filth away with warm water and anoint the place with Honey and Fitchflowre mingled together But beware you touch none of the kernels with your bare finger for fear of venoming the place which is very apt for a Fistula to breed in Another of the Vives THe Vives be certain kernels growing under the Horses ear which come of corrupt bloud the cure is diversly spoke and written of but this is the best mean which I have tryed that if you finde the kernels to enflame and grieve the Horse take a handful of Sorrel and lay it in a Bur-dock leaf and rost it in the hot embers like a Warden then being taken out of the fire apply it so hot as may be to the fore part suffering it to ly thereunto the space of a day and a night and then renew it till such time that it ripen and break the sore which it will in short space do When it is broken and the vilde matter taken away you shall heal up the sore place with the yolk of an Egge half a spoonful of Honey and as much Wheat-flowre as will serve to make it thick plaister-wise which being bound thereunto will in three or four days heal the same Of the Cankerous Ulcer in the Nose THis disease is a fretting humor eating and consuming the flesh and making it all raw within and not being holpen in time will eat through the gristle of the nose It cometh of corrupt bloud or else of sharp humors ingendered by means of some extream cold The signes be these He will bleed at the nose and all the flesh within will be raw and filthy stinking savours and matter will come out at the nose The cure according to Martin is thus Take of green Copperas of Allum of each one pound of white Copperas one quartern and boil these in a pottle of running water untill a pinte be consumed then take it off and put thereunto half a pinte of Honey then cause his head to be holden up with a drinking staffe and â—quirt into his nostrils with a squirt of brass or rather of Elder some of this water being luke-warm three or four times one after
his meat The cure whereof as Martin saith is in this sort First turn up his upper lip and jagge it lightly with a launceâ— so as it may bleed and then wash both that and all his mouth and tongue with Vinegar and Salt Of the tongue being hurt with the bit or otherwise IF the tongue be cut or hurt any manner of way Martin saith it is good first to wash it with Allum water and then to take the leaves of black Bramble and to chop them together small with a little Lard that done to binde it up in a little clout making it round like a ball then having dipt the round end in Hony rub the tongue therewith continuing so to do once a day until it be whole Of the Barbles or paps underneath the tongue THese be two little paps called of the Italians Barbole growing naturally as I think in every Horses mouth underneath the tongue in the neather jawes which if they â—hoot of any length Russius saith that they will hinder the Horses feeding and therefore he and Martin also would have them to be clipt away with a pair of sheers and that done the Horses mouth to be washed with Vinegar and Salt Of the pain in the teeth and gums of the Wolfsteeth and Jaw teeth A Horse may have pain in his teeth partly by descent of humors from his head down into his teeth and gums which is to be perceived by the rankness and swelling of the gums and partly having two extraordinary teeth called the Wolfs teeth which be two little teeth growing in the upper jawes next unto the great grinding teeth which are so painful to the Horse as he cannot endure to chaw his meat but is forced either to let it fall out of his mouth or else to keep it still half chawed whereby the Horse prospereth not but waxeth lean and poor and he will do the like also when his upper Jaw-teeth be so far grown as they overhang the neather Jaw-teeth and therewith be so sharp as in moving his jawes they cut and rase the insides of his cheeks even as they were rased with a knife And first as touching the cure of the pain in the teeth that cometh by means of some distillation Vegetius saith it is good to rub all the outside of his gums with fine chaâ—k and strong Vinegar mingled together or else after that you have washed the gums with Vinegar to strew on them of Pomegranate piles But me thinks that besides this it were not amisse to stop the temple veins with the plaister before mentioned in the Chapter of weeping and waterish eyes The cure of the Wolfs teeth and of the Jaw-teeth according to Martin is in this sort First cause the Horse head to be tyed up to some raster or post and his mouth to be opened with a cord so wide as you may easily see every part thereof Then take a round â—â—rong iron â—oole half a yard long and made at the one end in all points like unto the Carpenters goâ—ge wherewith he â—aketh his horseâ— to be bored with a wimble or aâ—ger and with your left hand set the edge of your â—ooâ— at the â—oot of the Wolfs teeth on the outside of the jaw turning the hollow side of the tool downward holding your hand steadily so as the tool may not slip from the aforesaid tooth then having a mallet in your right hand strike upon the head of the tool one prety blow and therewith you shall loosen the tooth and cause it to bend inward then staying the midst of your tool upon the Horses neather jaw wrinch the tooth outward with the inside or hollow side of the tool and thrust it clean out of his head that done serve the other Wolfs tooth on the other side in like manner and fill up the empty places with Sale finely brayed But if the upper jaw teeth do also overâ—ang the neather teeth and so cut the inside of his mouth as is aforesaid then keeping his mouth still open take your tool and mallet and pare all those teeth shorter running along them even from the first unto the 〈◊〉 turning the hollow side of your tool towards the teeth so shall not the tool cut the inside of his cheeks and the back or round side being turned towards the foresaid cheeks and that done wash an his mouth with Vinegar and Salt and let him go Why the diseases in the neck withers and back be declared here before the diseases in the throat HAving hitherto spoken of the diseases incident to a Horses head and to all the parts thereof natural order requireth that we should now descend into the throat as a part next adjacent to the mouth But forasmuch as the diseases in the throat have not only affinity with the head but also with the lungs and other inward parts which are many times grieved by means of distillation coming from the head and through the throat I will speak of the diseases incident to the neck withers and back of a Horse to the intent that when I come to talk of such diseases as Rheumes and distillations do cause I may discourse of them orderly without interruption Of the Crick in the neck BEcause a Crick is no other thing then a kinde of Convulsion and for that we have spoken sufficiently before of all kindes thereof in the Chapter of Convulsion I purpose not here therefore to trouble you with many words but only shew you Russius opinion and also Martins experience therein The Crick then called of the Italians Scima or Lucerdo according to Russius and according to Martin is when the Horse cannot turn his neck any manner of way but hold it still right forth insomuch as he cannot take his meat from the ground but by times and that very slowly Russius saith it cometh by means of some great weight laid on the Horses shoulders or else by overmuch drying up of the sinews of the neck The cure whereof according to Martin is in this sort Draw him with a hot iron from the root of the ear on both sides of the neck through the midst of the same even down to the brest a straw deep so as both ends may meet upon the breast then make a hole in his forehead hard under the foretop and thrust in a Cornet upward betwixt the skin and the flesh a handful deep then put in a Goose feather doubled in the midst and anointed with Hogs grease to keep the hole open to the intent the matter may run out the space of ten dayes But every day during that time the hole must be cleansed once and the feather also cleansed and fresh anointed and so put in again And once a day let him stand upon the bit one hour or two or be ridden two or three miles abroad by such a one as will bear his head and make him to bring it in But if the Crick be such as the Horse cannot hold his neck straight but clean
most good so that he go in a dry warm ground for by feeding alwayes downward he shall purge his head the better as Russius saith Thus much of the Glanders and mourning of the Chine Now we will speak somewhat of the Strangullion according to the opinion of the Authors though not to the satisfaction perhaps of our English Farriars Of the Strangullion or Squinancy THe Strangullion called of the Latines Anginae according to the Physitians is an inflamation of the inward parts of the throat and as I said before is called of the Greeks Cynanche which is as much to say in English as Strangling whereof this name Strangullion as I think is derived for this disease doth strangle every Man or Beast and therefore is numbred amongst the perillous and sharp diseases called of the Latines Morbi acuti of which strangling the Physiâ—ians in Mans body make four differences The first and worst is when no part within the mouth nor without appeareth manifestly to be inflamed and yet the patient is in great peril of strangling The second is when the inward parts of the throat only be inflamed The third is when the inward and outward parts of the throat be both inflamed The fourth is when the muscles of the neck are inflamed or the inward joynts thereof so loosened as they straiten thereby both the throat or wesand or wind-pipe for short breath is incident to all the four kinds before recited and they proceed all of one cause that is to say of some cholerick or bloudy fluxion which comes out of the branches of the throat veins into those parts and there breedeth some hot inflamation But now to prove that a Horse is subject to this disease you shall hear what Absyrtus Hierocles Vegetius and others do say Absyrtus writing to his friend a certain Farriar or Horse-leach called Aâ—storicus speaketh in this manner When a Horse hath the Strangullion it quickly killeth him the signes whereof be these His temples will be hollow his tongue will swell and hang out of his mouth his eyes also will be swollen and the passage of his throat stopt so as he can neither eat nor drink All these signes be also confirmed by Hiâ—rocles Moreover Vegetius rendereth the cause of this disease affirming that it proceedeth of aboundance of subtle bloud which after long travel will inflame the inward or outward muscles of the throat or wesand or such affluence of bloud may come by use of hot meate after great travel being so alterative as they cause those parts to swell in such sort as the Horse can neither eat nor drink nor draw his breath The cure according to Vegeâ—ius is in this sort First bathe his mouth and tongue in hot water and then anoint it with the gall of a Bull that done give him this drink Take of old Oyl two pound of old Wine a quart nine Figs and nine Leeks heads well stamped and brayed together And after you have boiled these a while before you strain them put thereunto a little Nitrum Alexandrinum and give him a quart of this every morning and evening Absyrtus and Hierocles would have you to let him bloud in the palace of his mouth and also to powre Wine and Oyl into his Nostrils and also give him to drink this decoction of Figs and Nitrum sodden together or else to anoint his throat within with Nitre Oil and Hony or else with Hony and Hogs dung mingled together which differeth not much from Galên his medicine to be given unto man For he saith that Hony mingled with the powder of Hogs dung that is white and swallowed down doth remedy the Squinancy presently Absyrtus also praiseth the ointment made of Bdellium and when the inflamation beginneth somewhat to decrease he saith it is good to purge the Horse by giving him wilde Cucumber and Nitre to drink Let his meat be grasse if it may be gotten or else wet hay and sprinkled with Nitre Let his drink also be lukewarm water with some Barley meal in it Of the Cough OF Coughs some be outward and some be inward Those be outward which do come of outward causes as by eating a feather or by eating dusty or sharp straw and such like things which tickling his throat causeth him to cough you shall perceive it by wagging and wrying his head in his coughing and by stamping sometime with his foot labouring to get out the thing that grieveth him and cannot The cure according to Martin is thus Take a Willow wand rolled throughout with a fine linnen clout and then anoint it all over with Hony and thrust it down his throat drawing your hand to and fro to the intent it may either drive down the thing that grieveth him or else bring it up and do this twice or thrice anointing every time the stick with fresh Hony Of the inward and wet Cough OF inward Coughs some be wet and some be dry The wet Cough is that cometh of cold taken after some great heat given to the Horse dissolving humors which being afterward congealed do cause obstruction and stopping in the Lungs And I call it the wet Cough because the Horse in his coughing will void moist matter at his mouth after that it is once broken The signes be these The Horse will be heavie and his eyes will run with water and he will forsake his meat and when he cougheth he thrusteth out his head and reacheth with great pain at the first as though he had a dry Cough untill the fleam be broken and then he will cough more hollow which is a signe of amendment And therefore according to Martins experience to the intent the fleam may break the sooner it shall be necessary to keep him warm by clothing him with a double cloth and by littering him up to the belly with fresh straw and then to give him this drink Take of Barley one peck and boyl it in two or three gallons of fair water untill the Barley begin to burst and boyl therewith of bruised Licoras of Anise seeds or Raisins of each one pound then strain it and to that liquor put of Hony a pinte and a quartern of Sugarcandy and keep it close in a pot to serve the Horse therewith four several mornings and cast not away the sodden Barley with the rest of the strainings but make it hot every day to perfume the Horse withal being put in a bag and â—ied to his head and if the Horse will eat of it it shall do him the more good And this perfuming in Winter season would be used about ten of the clock in the morning when the Sun is of some height to the intent the Horse may be walked abroad if the Sun shine to exercise him moderately And untill his Cough wear away fail not to give him warm water with a little ground Mault And as his Cough breaketh more and more so let his 〈◊〉 every day be lesse warmed then other Of the dry Cough THis seemeth
it be a melancholy humor and abounding over-much it waxeth every day thicker and thicker causing obstruction not only in the veins arteries which is to be perceived by heaviness and grief on the left side but also in the Spleen it self whereas by vertue of the heat it is hardned every day more and more and so by little and little waxeth to a hard knob which doth not only occupy all the substance of the Spleen but also many times all the left side of the womb and thereby maketh the evill accidents or griefs before recited much more than they were Now as touching the inflamation of the Spleen which chanceth very seldom for so much as every inflamation proceedeth of pure bloud which seldom entereth into the Spleen I shall not need to make many words but refer you over to the Chapter of the Liver for in such case they differ not but proceeding of like cause have also like signes and do require like cure The old Writers say that Horses be often grieved with grief in the Spleen and specially in Summer season with greedy eating of sweet green meats aâ—d they call those Horses Lâ—enoâ—os that is to say Spleenetick The signes whereof say they are these hard swelling on the left side short breath often groning and greedy appetite to meat The remedy whereof according to Absyrtus is to make a Horse to sweat once a day during a certain time by riding him or otherwise travelling him and to pour into his left nostril every day the juyce of Mirabolans mingled with Wine and Water amounting in all to the quantity of a pinte But me thinks it would do him more good if he drank it as Hierocles would have him to do Eumelius praiseth this drink Take of Cummin seed and of Honey of each six ounces and of Laserpitium as much as a Bean of Vinegar a pinte and put all these into three quarts of water and let it stand so all night and the next morning give the Horse thereof to drink being kept over night fasting Theomnestus praiseth the decoction of Capers especially if the bark of the root thereof may be gotten sodden in water to a syrup Or else make him a drink of Garlick Nitrum Hore-hound and Wormwood sodden in harsh Wine and he would have the left side to be bathed in warm water and to be hard rubbed And if all this will not help then to give him the fire which Absyrtus doth not allow saying the Spleen lyeth so as it cannot easily be fired to do him any good But for so much as the Liver and Spleen are members much occupied in the ingendring and separating of humors many evill accidents and griefs do take their first beginning of them as the Jaundise called in a Horse the yellows driness of body and Consumption of the flesh without any apparent cause why which the Physitians call Atrophia also evill habit of the body called of them Cachexid and the Dropsie But first we will speak of the Jaundise or Yellows Of the Yellows THe Physitians in a mans body do make two kindes of Jaundise that is to say the Yellow proceeding of choler dispersed throughout the whole body and dying the skin yellow and the Black proceeding of melancholy dispersed likewise throughout the whole body and making all the skin black And as the yellow Jaundise cometh for the most part either by obstruction or stopping of the conduits belonging to the bladder of the gall which as I said before is the receptacle of choler or by some inflamation of the Liver whereby the bloud is converted into choler and so spreadeth throughout the body even so the black Jaundise cometh by mean of some obstruction in the Liver-vein that goeth to the Spleen not suffering the Spleen to do his office in receiving the dregs of the â—loud from the Liver wherein they abound too much or else for that the Spleen is already too full of dregs and so sheddeth them back again into the veins But as for the Black Jaundise they have not been observed to be in Horses as in Men by any of our â—arriers in these days that I can learn And yet the old Writers of Horse-leech-craft do seem to make two kindes of Jaundise called of them Cholera that is to say the dry choler and also the moist choler The signes of the dry choler as absyrtus saith is great heat in the body and costiyeness of the belly whereof it is said to be dry Moreover the Horse will not covet to ly down because he is so pained in his body and his mouth will be hot and dry It cometh as he saith by obstruction of the conduit whereby the choler should resort into the bladder of the gall and by obstruction also of the urine vessels so as he cannot stale The cure according to his experience is to give him a Glyster made of Oyl Water and Nitrum and to give him no provender before that you have raked his fundament and to pour the decoction of Mallows mingled with sweet Wine into his nostrils and let his meat be grass or else sweet Hay sprinkled with Nitre and Water and he must rest from labour and be often rubbed Hierocles would have him to drink the decoction of wilde Coleworts sodden in Wine Again of the moist choler of Jaundise these are the signes The Horses eyes will look yellow and his nostrils will open wide his ears and his flancks will sweat and his stale will be yellow and cholerick and he will grone when he lyeth down which disease the said Absyrtus was wont to heal as he saith by giving the Horse a drink made of Thyme and Cumin of each like quantity stampt together and mingled with Wine Honey and Water and also by letting him bloud in the pasterns This last disease seemeth to differ nothing at all from that which our Farriers call the Yellows The signes whereof according to Martin be these The Horse will be faint and sweat as he standeth in the stable and forsake his meat and his eyes and the inside of his lips and all his mouth within will be yellow The cure whereof according to him is in this sort Let him bloud in the neck-vein a good quantity and then give him this drink Take of white Wine of Ale a quart and put thereunto of Saffron Turmerick of each half an ounce and the juyce that is wrung out of a handful of Celandine and being luke-warm give it the Horse to drink and keep him warm the space of three or four days giving him warm water with a little Bran in it Of the Yellows THe Yellows is a general disease in Horses and differ nothing from the yellow Jaundise in men It is mortal and many Horses die thereof the signes to know it is thus pull down the lids of the Horses eyes and the white of the eye will be yellow the inside of his lips will be yellow and gums the cure followeth First let him bloud
matter Of this kinde is that disease called before Tenasmus for that is an ulcer in the right gut serving the fundament and doth proceed even as the flux doth of some sharp humors which being violently driven and having to pass through many crooked and narrow ways do cleave to the guts and with their sharpness fret them causing exulceration and grievous pain The flux also may come of some extream cold heat or moistness or by mean of receiving some violent purgation having therein over-much Scammony or such like violent simple or through weakness of the Liver or other members serving to digestion Now as touching the falling out of the fundament the Physitians say that it cometh through the resolution or weakness of the muscles serving to draw up the fundament which resolution may come partly by over-much straining and partly they may be loosened by over-much moisture for which cause children being full of moisture are more subject to this disease then men And for the self same cause I think that Horses having very moist bodies be subject thereunto Thus having shewed you the causes of the diseases before recited I will shew you the cure prescribed by the old Writers Absyrtus would have the fundament on the outside to be cut round about but so as the inward ring thereof be not touched for that were dangerous and would kill the Horse for so much as his fundament would never abide within his body and that done he would have you to give him to drink the powder of unripe Pomgranate shels called in Latine Malicorium together with Wine and Water which indeed because it is astringent is not to be misliked but as for cutting of the fundament I assure you I cannot judge what he should mean thereby unless it be to widen the fundament by giving it long slits or cuts on the outside but well I know that it may cause more pain and greater inflamation And therefore me thinks it were better in this case to follow the Physitians precepts which is first to consider whether the fundament being fallen out be inflamed or not for if it be not inflamed then it shall be good to anoint it first with Oyl of Roses somewhat warmed or else to wash it with warm red Wine But if it be inflamed then to bathe it well first with a spunge dipt in the decoction of Mallows Camomile Linseed and Fenigreek and also to anoint it well with Oyl of CÃ momile and Dill mingled together to asswage the swelling and then to thrust it in again fair and softly with a soft linnen cloth That done it shall be good to bathe all the place about with red red Wine wherein hath been sodden Acatium Galles Acorn cups parings of Quinces and such like simples as be astringent and then to throw on some astringent powder made of Bole Armony Frankincense Sanguis Draconis Myrrhe Acatium and such like yea and also to give the Horse this drink much praised of all the old Writers Take of Saffron one ounce of Myrrhe two ounces of the herb called in Latine Abrotonum named in some of our English Herbals Southernwood three ounces of Parsly one ounce of garden Rue otherwise called Herb Grace three ounces of Piritheum otherwise called of some people Spittlewort and of Hysop of each two ounces of Cassia which is like Cinamon one ounce Let all these things be beaten in fine powder and then mingled with Chalk and strong Vinegar wrought into paste of which paste make little cakes and dry them in the shadow and being dryed dissolve some of them in a sufficient quantity of Barly milk or juyce called of the old Writers and also of the Physitians Cremor Ptisanae and give to the Horse to drink thereof with a horn for the medicine as the Authors write doth not only heal the Bloudy-flix and the other two diseases before recited but also if it be given with a quart of warm water it will heal all grief and pain in the belly and also of the bladder that cometh for lack of staling And being given with sweet Wine is will heal the biting of any Serpent or mad Dog Of the Worms IN a Horses guts do breed three kindes of Worms even as there doth in Mans body though they be not altogether like in shape The first long and round even like to those that children do most commonly void and are called by the general name Worms The second little worms having great heads and small long tails like a needle and be called bots The third be short and thick like the end of a mans little finger and therefore be cald Troncheons and though they have divers shapes according to the diversity of the place perhaps where they breed or else according to the figure of the putrified matter whereby they breed yet no doubt they proceed all of one cause that is to say of a raw gross and flegmatick matter apt to putrifaction ingendered most commonly by foul feeding and as they proceed of one self cause so also have they like signes and like cure The signes be these The Horse will forsake his meat for the Troncheons and the Bots will covet always to the maw and pain him sore He will also lie down and wallow and standing he will stamp and strike at his belly with his hinder-foot and look often toward his belly The cure according to Martin is thus Take of sweet Milk a quart of Honey a quartern and give it him luke-warm and walk him up and down for the space of an hour and so let him rest for that day with as little meat or drink as may be and suffer him not to lie down Then the next day give him this drink Take of Herb-grace a handful of Savin as much and being well stampt put thereunto a little Brimstone and a little Soot of a Chimney beaten into fine powder and put all these things together in a quart of Wort or Ale and there let them lie steep the space of an hour or two then strain it well through a fair cloth and give it the Horse to drink luke-warm then bridle him and walk him up and down the space of an hour that done bring him into the stable and let him stand on the bit two or three hours then give him a little Hay Laurentius Russius saith that it is good to give the Horse the warm guts of a young Hen with a Salt three days together in the morning and not to let him drink untill it be noon Some say that it is good to ride him having his bit first anointed with dung coming hot from the man some again use to give him a quantity of Brimstone and half as much Rozen beaten into powder and mingled together with his provender which he must eat a good while before he drinketh I have found by often tryal that if you give the Horse with a horn a good pretty dishful of Salt brine be it flesh brine or Cheese
saith make the joints to fall away one by one it shall be good as Martin saith to wash all his tail with Aqua fortis or strong water made in this sort take of green Coppera◠of Allum of each one pound of white Copperas a quartern Boyl of all these things together in three quarts of running water in a strong earthen pot untill one half be consumed and then with a little of this water being made luke warm wash his tail with a little clout or flax bound to the end of a stick continuing so to do every day once untill it be whole Of the Scab THe Scab is a foul scurffe in divers parts of a Horses body and cometh of poverty or ill keeping or many times by going amongst woods wherein they are infected with water boughs it is most incident to old Horses which will die thereof and chiefly in the Spring time when the new bloud appears the cure whereof I have spoken before How to know when a Horse halteth before in what part his grief is BEing now come to talke of the griefs in the shoulders legs hips houghes joynts and hoofs causing the Horse most commonly to halt I think it good first to shew you the way how to find in what part of his legs the Horse is grieved when he halteth either before or behind And first you have to consider that if a Horse halteth before it must be either in his shoulders in his legs or in his feet If it be in his shoulders and new hurt the Horse will not lift that leg but trail it nigh the ground If it be old hurt he will cast that leg further from him in his going then the other and if he be turned on the foreside then he will halt so much the more If a Horse halteth in the leg it is either in the knee in the shank or else in the pastern joynt if it be either in the knee or pastern joynt he will not bow that leg in his going like the other but go very stifly upon it If he halteth in the shank then it is by means of some splent wind gal or such apparent grief apt to be seen or felt If he halt in the foot it is either in the cronet heel in the toe in the quarters or sole of the foot If it be in the cronet the grief will be apparent the skin being broken or swollen some manner of way If in the heel as by over-reach or otherwise then he will tread most on the toe If upon any of the quarters then going on the edge of a bank or hilly ground he will halt more then on the plain ground and by the Horses coming toward you and going from you upon such edge or bank you shall easily perceive whether his grief be in the inward quarter or in the outward quarter the quarter is to be understood from the mid hoof to the heel If he halt in the toe which is not commonly seen then he will tread more upon the heel If the grief be in the sole of the foot then he will halt all after one sort upon any ground unlesse it be upon the stones And to be sure in what part of the foot the grief is it shall be good first to make him go upon the plain ground and then upon a hard and stony ground yea and also a bankie ground Thus having declared unto you in general how to know in what part a Horse is grieved when he halteth before I think it meet first to shew you orderly all the particular griefs and sorances whereunto the foreparts of a Horse is subject together with the causes signes and cure thereof That done I will speak of halting behind and shew you first generally where the grief is and then particularly declare unto you every grief incident to the hinder parts of a Horse And lastly I will speak of such griefs and sorances as are commonly in both parts that is to say as well to the fore legs and fore feet as to the hinder legs and hinder feet Of the grief and pinching in the shoulder THis cometh either by labouring and straining the Horse too young or else by some great burthen you shall perceive it by the narrowness of the breast and by consuming flesh of the shoulders insomuch as the forepart of the shoulder bone will stick out and be a great deal higher then the flesh And if it be of long continuance he will be very hollow in the brisket towards the armeholes and he will go wider beneath at the feet then above at the knees The cure according to Martin is thus Give him a slit of an inch long with a sharp knife or rasor upon both sides an inch under the shoulder bones then with a Swans quill put into the slit blow up first the one shoulder and then the other as big as can possible even up to the withers and with your hand strike the winde equally into every place of the shoulders And when they be full then beat all the windy places with a good hasell wand or with both your hands clapping upon the places puffed up with wind so fast as they can walk one after another over all the shoulder then with a flat slice of iron loosen the skin within from the flesh that done roll the two slits or cuts with two round rols made of the upper leather of an old shooe with a hole in the middest that the matter may issue forth and let such rols be three inched broad and so put in as they may lie plain and flat within the cut then make a charge to lay upon the same in this sort Take of Pitch and Rosen of each one pound of Tar half a pinte boyl these things all together in a pot and when it is somewhat cooled take a stick with a woollen clout bound fast to the end thereof and dip it into this charge and cover and daub all the shoulder therewith That done clap thereunto a pound of Flox of such colour as the Horse is or as nigh unto the same as may be every other day cleanse both the wounds and rols and put them in again continuing thus to do the space of fifteen dayes Then take them out and heal up the wounds with two tents of 〈◊〉 dipt in Turpentine and 〈…〉 le molten together renewing the same every day once untill the wounds be whole But let the change lie still untill it fall away of it self and let the Horse run to grasse untill he hath had a 〈…〉 Of the wrinching of the Shoulder THis cometh sometime by a fall and sometime by turning too suddenly in some uneven ground or by rash running out of some door or by some stripe of another Horse or by some sudden stop in passing a Career you shall perceive it in his going by trailing his legs upon the ground so close unto himself as he can possible The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloud
as Martin saith is cured thus Take a round hot iron somewhat sharp at the end like a good big bodkin and let it be somewhat bending at the point then holing the sore with your left hand pulling it somewhat from the sinews pierce it with the iron being first made red-hot thrusting it beneath in the bottom and so upward into the belly to the intent that the same jelly may issue downward out at the hole and having thrust out all the jelly tent the hole with a tent of Flaâ— dipt in Turpentine and Hogs grease molten together and also anoint the outside with Hogs grease made warm renewing it every day once until the hole be ready to shut up making the tent every day lesser and lesser to the intent it may heal up Of the Curb THis is a long swelling beneath the Elbow of the hough in the great sinew behind and causeth the Horse to halt after that he hath been a while laboured and thereby somewhat heated For the more the sinew is strained the greater grief which again by his rest is eased This cometh by bearing some great weight when the Horse is young or else by some 〈◊〉 or wrinch whereby the tender sinews are grieved or rather bowed as Russius saith whereof it is called in Italian Curba 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say of bowing for anguish whereof it doth swell which swelling is apparent to the eye and maketh the leg to shew bigger then the 〈◊〉 The cure according to Martin is thus Take of Wine-lees a pinte a porringer full of Wheat flowre of Cumin half an ounce and stir them well together and being made warm charge the sore three or four dayes and when the smelling is almost gone then draw it with a hot iron and cover the burning with Pitch and Rosen molten together and lay it on good and warm and clap thereon some flocks of his own colour or so nigh as may be gotten and remove them not until they fall away of themselves And for the space of nine dayes let the Horse rest and come in no wet Another of the Curb A Curb is a sorance that maketh a Horse to halt much and it appears upon his hinder legs straight behind upon the cumbrel place and a little beneath the Spaven and it will be swoln as big as half a Walout The cure followeth Take a small cord and bind his legs hard above it and beneath it then beat it and rub it with a heavy stick till it grow soft then with a fleam strike it in three or four places and with your thumbs crush out the filthy bruised matter then loose the cord and anoint it with Butter uutil it be whole Of the Pains THis is a kind of Scab called in Italian Crappe which is full of fretting matterish water and it breedeth in the pasterns for lack of clean keeping and good rubbing after the Horse hath been journyed by means whereof the sand and dirt remaineth in the hair fretteth the skin and flesh and so breedeth a Scab And therefore those Horses that have long hair and are rough about the feet are soonest troubled with this disease if they be not the cleanlier kept The signes be these His legs will be swollen and hot and water will issue out of the Scab which water is hot and fretting as it will scald off the hair and breed Scabs so far as it goeth The cure according to Martin is thus First wash well all the pasterns with Beer and Butter warmed together and his legs being somewhat dryed with a cloth clip away all the hair saying the sâ—wter locks Then take of Turpentine of Hogs grease of Hony of each like quantity mingle them together in a pot and put thereto a little Bole-armony the yolks of two Egges and as much Wheat flowre as will thicken the things aforesaid and make it plaister like and for that cause it had need to be very well wrought and stirred together Then with a slice strike some of the plaister upon such a piece of linnen cloth as will serve to go round about the pastern and bind it fast on with a roller renewing it once a day until it be whole and let not the Horse be travelled nor stand wet Another of the Pains PAins is a sorance that cometh of hot ill humors of ill keeping it appeareth in the Fetlocks and will swell in the Winter time and will send forth a sharp water the hair will stare and the cure is thus Wash them every day twice or thrice with gunpowder and Vinegar and they will be whole in one week at the most Of Mules or Kibed heels called of the Italians Mule THis is a kind of Scab breeding behind somewhat above the neather joynt growing overthwart the fewter lock which cometh most commonly for being bred in cold ground or else for lack of good dressing after that he hath been laboured in foul mire and dirty wayes which durt lying still in his legs fretteth the skin and maketh scabby rifts which are soon bred but not so soon gotten away The anguish whereof maketh his legs somewhat to swell and specially in Winter and Spring time and then the Horse goeth very stifly and with great pain The sorance is apparent to the eye and is cured according to Martin in this sort Take a piece of linnen cloth and with the salve recited in the last Chapter make such a plaister as may cover all the sore place and bind it fast on that it may not fall off renewing it every day once until the sore leave running and beginneth to waâ— dry then wash it every day once with strong water until it be clean dryed up but if this 〈◊〉 be but in breeding and there is no raw flesh then it shall suffice to anoint it with Sope two or three dayes and at the three dayes end to wash them with a little Beef broath or dish water Of Frettishing FRettishing is a sorance that cometh of riding a Horse till he sweat and then to set him up without litter where he taketh suddenly cold in his feet and chiefly before it appears under the heel in the heart of the foot for it will grow dun and wax white and crumbly like a 〈◊〉 and also in time it will show by the wrinkles on his hoof and the hoof will grow thick and 〈◊〉 he will not be able to tread on stones or hard ground nor well to travel but stumblâ— and fall The cure is 〈◊〉 Take and pare his feet so thin as may be then lost two or three Egges in the Embers very hard 〈◊〉 being extreme hot taken out of five trush them in his foot and then clap a piece of Leather there 〈◊〉 and splint it that the Egges may not fall out and so let him run and he will be sound Of sorances or griefs that be common to all Fore-feet HItherto we have declared unto you the causes signes and cure of all such
again upon that continuing so to do every day once until it be hardned and let not the Horse come in any wet until he be whole Of Accloyd or Prickt ACcloyd is a hurt that cometh of shooing when a Smith driveth a nail in the quick which will make him to halt And the cure is to take off the shooe and to cut the hoof away to lay the sore bare then lay to it Wax Turpentine and Deer-sewet which will heal it Of the Fig. IF a Horse having received any hurt as before is said by nail bone splent or stone or otherwise in the sole of his foot and not be well dressed and perfectly cured there will grow in that place a certain superfluous piece of flesh like a Fig and it will have little grains in it like a fig and therefore is rightly called of the Italians Vnfico that is to say a fig. The cure whereof according to Martin is thus Cut it clean away with a hot Iron and keep the flesh down with Turpentine Hogs-greese and a little Wax laid on with Tow or Flax and stop the hole hard that the flesh rise not renewing it once a day until it be whole Of a Retreat THis is the pricking of a nail not well driven in the shooing and therefore pulled out again by the Smith and is called of the Italians Tratta messa The cause of the pricking may be partly the rash driving of the Smith and partly the weakness of the nail or the hollowness of the nail in the shank For if it be too weak the point many times bendeth awry into the quick when it should go right forth It flatteth and shivereth in the driving into two parts whereof one part raleth the quick in pulling out or else perhaps breaketh clean asunder and so remaineth still behinde and this kinde of pricking is worse than the cloying because it will ranckle worse by reason of the flaw of Iron remaining in the flesh The signes be these If the Smith that driveth such a nail be so lewd as he will not look unto it before the Horse depart then there is no way to know it but by the halting of the Horse and searching the hoof first with a hammer by knocking upon every clinging For when you knock upon that nail where the grief is the Horse will shrink up his foot And if that will not serve then pinch or gripe the hoof with a pair of pinsons round about until you have found the place grieved The cure according to Martin is thus First pull off the shooe and then open the place grieved with a Butter or Drawer so as you may perceive by feeling or seeing whether there be any piece of nail or not if there be to pull it out and to stop the hole with Turpentine Wax and Sheeps-sewet molten together and so poured hot into the hole and then lay a little Tow upon it and clap on the shooe again renewing it thus every day until it be whole during which time let not the Horse come in any wet and it must be so stopped though it be but prickt without any piece of nail remaining And if for lack of looking to it in time this retreat cause the hoof to break above then cure it with the Plaister restrictive in such order as is mentioned in the last place saving one before this Of Cloying CLoying is the pricking of a whole nail called of the Italians Inchiodatura passing through the quick and remaining still in the same and is clenched as other nails be and so causeth the Horse to halt The grieved place is known by searching with the hammer and pinsons as is before said If the Horse halt immediately then pull off his shooe and open the hole until it begin to bleed and stop it with the Ointment aforesaid in the same page of the Retreat and clap on the shooe again and the hoof may be so good and the harm so little as you may travel him immediately upon it but if he be ranckled then renew the stopping every day once let him come in no wet until it be whole Of loosening the Hoof. THis is a parting of the hoof from the cronet called of the Italians Dissolatura del unghia which if it be round about it cometh by means of foundering if in part then by the anguish caused by the pricking of the canel nail piercing the sole of the foot or by some Quitter-bone Retreat Gravelling or Cloying or such like thing The signes be these When it is loosened by foundering then it will break first in the fore-part of the Cronet right against the toes because the humor doth covet always to descend towards the toe Again when the pricking of a canel nail or such like cankered thing is the cause then the hoof will loosen round about equally even at the first But when it proceedeth of any of the other hurts last mentioned then the hoof will break right above the place that is offended and most commonly will proceed no further The cure according to Martin is thus First of which soever of these causes it proceeds be sure to open the hoof in the sole of the foot so as the humor may have free passage downward and then restrain it above with the Plaister restrictive before mentioned and in such order as is there written and also heal up the wound as is before taught in the Chapter of a prick in the sole of the foot Of casting the Hoof. THis is when the coffin falleth clean away from the foot which cometh by such causes as were last rehearsed and is so apparent to the eye as it needeth no signes to know it The cure according to Martin is thus Take of Turpentine one pound of Tar half a pinte of unwrought Wax half a pinte Boil all these things together and stir them continually until they be throughly mingled and compact together Then make a Boot of Leather with a good strong sole meet for the Horses feet to be laced or buckled about the pastern and dress his foot with the Salve aforesaid laid upon the Flax or Tow and bolster or stuffe his foot with soft Flax so as the Boot may grieve him no manner of way renewing it every day once until it be whole and then put him to grass Of the Hoof-bound THis is a shrinking of all the whole hoof It cometh by drought for the hoofs perhaps are kept too dry when the Horse standeth in the stable and sometime by means of heat or of over-straight shooing The Italians call the Horse thus grieved Incastellado The signes be these The Horse will halt and the hoofs will be hot and if you knock on them with a hammer they will sound hollow like an empty bottle and if both the feet be not hoof-bound the sore foot will be lesser than the other indeed and appear so to the eye The cure according to Martin is thus Pull off the shooes and shooe him
of the party so grieved The dust of a Horse hoof anointed with Oyl and Water doth drive away impollumes and little bunches which rise in the flesh in what part of the body soever they beâ— and the dust of the hoof of an Asse anointed with Oyl Water and hot urine doth utterly expell all Wens and kernels which do rise in the neck arme-holes or any other part of the body of either man or woman The genital of a gelded Horse dryed in an Oven beaten to powder and given twice or thrice in a little hot broth to drink unto the party grieved is by Pliny accounted an excellent and approved remedy for the seconds of a woman The soam of a Horse or the dust of a Horse hoof dryed is very good to drive away shamefastness being anointed with a certain titulation The scrapings of the Horses hoofs being put in wine and poured into the Horses nostris do greatly provoke his urine The ashes also of an Horses hoof being mingled with wine and water doth greatly ease and help the disease called the Colick or Stone as also by a perfume which may be made by the hoofs of Horses being dryed a childe which is still born is cast out The milk of Mares is of such an excellent virtue that it doth quite expell the poison of the Sâ—ahare and all other poison whatsoever drink also mingled with Mares milk doth make the body loose and laxable It is also counted an excellent remedy against the falling sickness 〈◊〉 drink the stones of a Boar out of a Mares milk or water If there be any filth or m 〈…〉 ying in the matrice of a woman let her take Mares milk boiled and througly strained and presently the 〈◊〉 and excrements will void clean away If so he that a Woman be barren and cannot conceive leb her then take Mares milk not knowing what it is and let her presently accompany with a man and she will conceive The milk of a Mare being drunk doth asswage the labor of the matrice and doth cause a still childe to be cast forth If the seed of Henbane be beaten small and mingled with Mares milk and bound with a Harts skin so that it may not touch the ground and fastened or bound to a woman they will hinder her conception The thinnest or latest part of the milk of a Mare doth very easily gently and without any daâ—ger purge the belly Mares milk being dayly anointed with a little Hony doth without any pain or punishment take away the wounds of the eyes being new made Cheese made of Mares milk doth represse and take away all wringings or aches in the belly whatsoever If you â—â—dint a co 〈…〉 wâ—th the foam of a Horse wherewith 〈◊〉 young man or youth doth use to comb his head it is of 〈…〉 as it will cause the hair of his head heither to encrease or any whit to appear The 〈…〉 a Horse is also very much commended for them which have either pain or difficulty of hearing in their ears or else the dust of Horse dung being new made and dryed and mingled with Oyl of Roses The grief or soreness of a mans mouth or throat being washed or anointed with the foam of a Horse which hath been sed with Oates or Barly doth presently expell the pain of the foreness if so be that it be two or three times washed over with the juyce of young or green Sea-crabs beaten small together but if you cannot get the Sea-crabs which are green sprinkle upon the grief the small powder which doth come from dryed Crabs which are baked in an Oven made of Brasse and afterward wash the mouth where the pain is and you shall finde present remedy The foam of a Horse being three or four times taken in drink doth quite expell and drive away the Cough But Marcellus doth affirm that whosoever is troubled with the Cough or consumption of the lungs and doth drink the foam of a Horse by it self alone without any drink shall finde present help and remedy but as Sextus saith the Horse will presently die after it The same also being mingled with hot water and given to one who is troubled with the â—ame diseases being in manner past all cure doth presently procure health but the death of the Horse doth instantly ensue The sweat of a Horse being mingled with Wine and so drunk doth cause a woman which it very big and in great labor to cast a still childe The sweat of any Beast but as Albertus saith only of a Horse doth breed wind in a man or womans face being put thereupon and besides that doth bring the Squince or Squincy as also a filthy stinking sweat If Swords Knives or the points of Spears when they are red fire hot be anointed with the sweat of a Horse they will be so venemous and full of poyson that if a man or woman be smitten or pricked therewith they will never cease from bleeding as long as life doth last If a Horse be wounded with an Arrow and have the sweat of another Horse and bread which hath been brent being mingled in mans urine given him to drink and afterwards some of the same being mingled with Horse grease put into the wound it will in short time procure him ease and help There are some which will assure us that if a man be troubled with the belly worms or have a Serpent crept into his belly if he take but the sweat of a Horse being mingled with his urine and drink it it will presently cause the Worms or the Serpent to issue forth The dung of a Horse or Asse which is fed with grasse being dryed and afterward dipped in wine and so drunk is a very good remedy against the bitings and blowes of Scorpions The same medicines they do also use being mingled with the genital of a Hare in Vinegar both against the Scorpion and against the Shrew-mouse The force is so great in the poyson of a mad Dog or Bitch that his pargeted Urine doth much hurt especially unto them that have a â—ore boil upon them the chiefest remedy therefore against the same is the dung of a Horse mingled with Vinegar and being warmed put into the scab or sore The dung as well of Asses as of Horses either raw cold or burned is excellent good against the breaking forth or issues of the bloud The dung of Horses or Asses being new made or warm and so clapped and put to a green wound doth very easily and speedily stanch the bleeding If the vein of a Horse be cut and the bloud do issue out in too much aboundance apply the dung of the same Horse unto the place where the vein is cut and the bleeding will presently cease wherefore the Poet doth very well express it iâ— these Verses following Sive fimus manni cum testis uritur ovi Et reprimit fluâ—dos miro 〈…〉 The same
the Italians Montone and Ariete the Spaniards Carnero the Helvetians Ramchen the Grecians in ancient time Krios Ariacha Ceraste and now in these days Kriare the Hebrews Ail or Eel the Chaldees plurally Dikerin the Arabians Kabsa and the Persians Nerameisch Now concerning the Greek and Latine names there is some difference among the learned about their notation etymology or derivation for although they all agree that Aries est dux maritus pecorum yet they cannot consent from what root stem or fountain to fetch the same Isidorus bringeth Aries ab aris that is from the Altars because the sacrificing of this beast was among all other Sheep permitted and none but this except the Lambs Others derive it of Aretes which signineth vertue because that the strength and vigor of Sheep lyeth in this above all other for there is in his horns incredible strength in his minde or inwards part incredible courage and magnanimity but the truest derivation is from the Greek word Mratiâ—s Some Latines call him also Nefrens and plurally Nefrendes for distinction from the Weather or gelded Sheep for the stones were also called Nefrendes and Nebrundines and the Epithets of this Beast are horn-bearer insolent violent fighting fearful writhen swift wooll-bearer leaping head-long warriour and in Greek meek gentle and familiar and is not known by the name Ctilos for that it leadeth the whole flock to the pastures and back again to the folds And thus much may suffice for the name and demonstrative appellation of this Beast now we will proceed forward to the other parts of his story not reiterating those things which it hath in common with the Sheep already described but only touching his special and inseparable proper qualities First of all for the election of Rams fit to be the father of the flock and to generate and increase issue and therefore Varro and others call him Admissarius Aries a stallion Ram. They were wont to make choise of such an one from an Ewe that had brought forth twins for that it is conceived he will also multiply twins for first in the choise of a Ram they look unto his breed and stock from whence he is descended and then to his form and outward parts as in Horses Oxen Dogs Lions and almost all creatures there are races and stocks preferred one before another so is it also in Sheep and therefore require that he be Boni seminis pecus a Ram of a good breed and next of the form and outward parts although some never look further then colour but Columella adviseth that his wooll palate of his mouth and tongue be all of one colour for if the mouth and tongue be spotted such also will be the issue and Lambs he begetteth for we have shewed you already that the Lamb for the most part followeth the colour of the Rams mouth such a Ram is thâ—â— described by the Poet. Illum autem quamvis aries sit candidus ipse Nigra subest udo tantum cui lingua palato Rejice ne maculis infuscet vellera pullis Nascentum And therefore for as much as the young ones do commonly resemble the father and bear some notes of his colour let your Ram be all black or all white and in no case party-coloured and for the stature and habit of his body let it be tall and straight a large belly hanging down and well cloathed with wooll a tail very long and rough a broad fore-head large stones crooked winding horns toward his snowt having his ears covered with wooll a large breast broad shoulders and buttocks his fleece pressed close to his body and the wooll not thin nor standing up And for the horns although in all Regions Rams have not horns yet for windy and cold Countries the great horned Beasts are to be preferred for that they are better able through that defence to bear off winde and weather yet if the climate be temperate and warm it is better to have a Ram without horns because the horned Beast being not ignorant what weapons he beareth on his head is apter to fight then the pold Sheep and also more luxurious among the Ewes for he will not endure a rival or companion-husband although his own strength and nature cannot cover them all but the pold Ram on the other side is not ignorant how naked and bare and unarmed is his head and therefore like a true coward sleepeth in a whole skin being nothing so harmful to his corrivals nor to the females but well indureth partnership in the work of generation There is no Beast in the world that somuch participateth with the nature of the Sun as the Ram for from the Autumnal Aequinoctium unto the Vernal as the Sun keepeth the right hand of the Hemisphere so doth the Ram lie upon his right side and in the Summer season as the Sun keepeth the other hand of the Hemisphere so doth the Ram lie upon his other side And for this cause the Lybians which worshipped Ammon that is the Sun did picture him with a great pair of Rams horns Also although in the heavenly or celestial sphere or Zodiack there be nothing first or last yet the Egyptians have placed the Ram in the first place for their Astronomers affirm that they have found out by diligent calculation that the same day which was the beginning of the worlds light on the face of the Earth then was the sign Aries in the midst of Heaven and because the middle of Heaven is as it were the crown or upper-most part of the World therefore the Ram hath the first and uppermost place because it is an Equinoctial sign making the days and nights of epual length for twice in the year doth the Sun pass through that sign the Ram sitting as it were judge and arbiter twice every year betwixt the day and night There be Poetical fictions how the Ram came into the Zodiack for some say that when Bacchus led his Army through the Deserts of Lybia wherein they were all ready to perish for water there appeared to him a goodly Ram who shewed him a most beautiful and plentiful fountain which relieved and preserved them all afterward Bacchus in remembrance of that good turn erected a Temple to Jupiter Ammonius also in that place for so quenching their thirst placed there his Image with Rams horns and translated that Ram into the Zodiack among the Stars that when the Sun should pass through that sign all the creatures of the world should be fresh green and lively for the same cause that he had delivered him and his Hoast from perishing by thirst and made him the Captain of all the residue of the signes for that he was an able and wise Leader of Souldiers Other again tell the tale somewhat different for they say At what time Bacchus ruled Egypt there came to him one A 〈…〉 n a great rich man in Africa giving to Bacchus great store of wealth and cattel to
they kill thereby forthwith or else wound greatly with the same so that the strokes of his tail are more deadly then the biting of his teeth which caused Nicander to write thus Nec tamen illegraves ut caetera turba dolores Si velit infixo cum forte momorderit ore Suscitat exiguus non noxia vulnera punctus Qui ceu rodentes noctu quaeque obvia muris Infligit modicum tenuis dat plaga cruorem Which may be thus Englished Nor yet he when with his angry mouth Doth bite such pains and torments bringeth As other Serpents if Ancients tell the truth When with his teeth and spear he stingeth For as the holes which biting Mice do leave When in the night they light upon a prey So small are Dragons-bites which men receive And harmlesse wound makes bloud to run away Their mouth is small and by reason thereof they cannot open it wide to bite deep so as their biting maketh no great pain and those kinde of Dragons which do principally fight with Eagles are defended more with their tails then with their teeth but yet there are some other kinde of Dragons whose teeth are like the teeth of Bears biting deep and opening their mouth wide wherewithall they break bones and make many bruises in the body and the males of this kinde bite deeper then the females yet there followeth no great pain upon the wound The cure hereof is like to the cure for the biting of any other Beast wherein there is no venom and for this cause there must be nothing applyed thereunto which cureth venomous bitings but rather such things as are ordinary in the cure of every Ulcer The seed of grasse commonly called Hay-dust is prescribed against the biting of Dragons The Barble being rubbed upon the place where a Scorpion of the earth a Spider a Sea or Land-dragon biteth doth perfectly cure the same Also the head of a Dog or Dragon which hath bitten any one being cut off and flayed and applyed to the wound with a little Euphorbium is said to cure the wound speedily And if Alberdisimon be the same that is a Dragon then according to the opinion of Avicen the cure of it must be very present as in the cure of Ulcers And if Alhatraf and Haudem be of the kinde of Dragons then after their biting there follow great coldnesse and stupidity and the cure thereof must be the same means which is observed in cold poysons For which cause the wound or place bitten must be embrewed or washed with luke-warm Vinegar and emplaistered with the leaves of Bay anointed with the Oyl of herb Mary and the Oyl of Wilde-pellitory or such things as are drawn out of those Oyls wherein is the vertue of Nettles or Sea-onions But those things which are given unto the patient to drink must be the juyce of Bay-leaves in Vinegar or else equall portions of Myrrhe Pepper and Rew in Wine the powder or dust whereof must be the full weight of a golden groat or as we say a French Crown In the next place for the conclusion of the History of the Dragon we will take our farewell of him in the recital of his medicinal vertues which are briefly these that follow First the fat of a Dragon dryed in the Sun is good against creeping Ulcers and the same mingled with Honey and Oyl helpeth the dimnesse of the eyes at the beginning The head of a Dragon keepeth one from looking asquint and if it be set up at the gates and dores it hath been thought in ancient time to be very fortunate to the sincere worshippers of GOD. The eyes being kept till they be stale and afterwards beat into an Oyl with Honey made into Ointment keep any one that useth it from the terrour of night-visions and apparitions The fat of a Hart in the skin of a Roe bound with the nerves of a Hart unto the shoulder was thought to have a vertue to fore-shew the judgement of victories to come The first spindle by bearing of it procureth an easie passage for the pacification of higher powers His teeth bound unto the feet of a Roe with the nerves of a Hart have the same power But of all other there is no folly comparable to the composition which the Magitians draw out of a Dragon to make one invincible and that is this They take the head and tail of a Dragon with the hairs out of the fore-head of a Lyon and the marrow of a Lyon the spume or white mouth of a conquering Horse bound up in a Harts skin together with a claw of a Dog and fastned with the crosse nerves or sinew of a Hart or of a Roe they say that this hath as much power to make one invincible as hath any medicine or remedy whatsoever The fat of Dragons is of such vertue that it driveth away venomous beasts It is also reported that by the tongue or gall of a Dragon sod in Wine men are delivered from the spirits of the night called Incubi and Succubi or else Night-mares But above all other parts the use of their bloud is accounted most notable But whether the Cynnabaris be the same which is made of the bloud of the Dragons and Elephants collected from the earth when the Dragon and Elephant fall down dead together according as Pliny delivereth I will not here dispute seeing it is already done in the story of the Elephant neither will I write any more of this matter in this place but only refer the Reader unto that which he shall finde written thereof in the History of our former Book of Four-footed Beasts And if that satisfie him not let him read Langius in the first book of his Epistles and sixty five Epistle where that learned man doth abundantly satisfie all men concerning this question that are studious of the truth and not prone to contention And to conclude Andreas Balvacensis writeth that the Bloud-stone called the Haematite is made of the Dragons bloud and thus I will conclude the History of the Dragon with this story following out of Porphyrius concerning the good successe which hath been signified unto men and women either by the dreams or sight of Dragons Mammea the Mother of Alexander Severus the Emperor the night before his birth dreamed that she brought forth a little Dragon so also did Olympia the Mother of Alexander the Great and Pomponia the Mother of Scipio Africanus The like prodigy gave Augustus hope that he should be Emperor For when his Mother Aetia came in the night time unto the Temple of Apollo and had set down her bed or couch in the Temple among other Matrons suddenly she fell asleep and in her sleep she dreamed that a Dragon came to her and clasped about her body and so departed without doing her any harm Afterwards the print of a Dragon remained perpetually upon her belly so as she never durst any more be seen in any bath The Emperor Tiberius Caesar had a Dragon
the Kine of Helvetia which are sucked by Salamanders do ever after remain barren and without milk and sometime also they die of that evil And as Arnoldus writeth it casteth forth a certain mattery white humor like milk out of the mouth whereupon if a man or any other living creature do but tread he is poysoned thereby and at the least all the hair of their body falleth off and in like sort they infect herbs and plants of the earth by their poyson Sometimes it happeneth that beasts or men have swallowed Salamanders and then the tongue is inflamed and all the body falleth into grievous torment by cold corruption and putrefaction part after part and also pains in the fundament and in the stomach likewise Dropsies and Impostumation in the belly cramp of the guts and retention of the urine For the cure whereof they give sweet water Calamints Saint Johns Wort sod with the shells of Pine-apples leafs of Cypresse Galbanus and Honey or Rozen Ammoniack and Stirax New Cow-milk the meal made of Flax-seed with sweet water sweet Wine and Oyl to cause vomits Scammony and a decoction of Calamints and Figs fat Bacon or Hogs-flesh and also the Egges of a Tortoise with the flesh thereof besides infinite other remedies ordained by the goodnesse of Almighty God as Physitians know by their own studies and daily experiments And therefore I hold it sufficient for me to have lightly touched them referring those that are desirous to know more unto the learned collection of Carromus Out of the Salamander it self arise also some medicines for it a hath a septick power to eate and corrode to take away hairs and the powder thereof cureth corns and hardnesse in the feet The hear tyed to the wrist in a black skin taketh away a quartain Ague and also Kiranides writeth that being bound unto a womans thigh it stayeth her monethly flowers and keepeth her barren But this is worthily reproved for untruth and therefore I will not commend it to the Reader And thus much for the Salamander Of the SCORPION SCorpios in Greek is attributed both to the Scorpion of the Land and of the Sea although some-times for difference sake the Scorpion of the earth be called Scorpios chersaios The derivation is manifold according to some Writers either of Scorpizein ton ion that is dispersing his poyson or of Sckanoos erpein because the motion of it is oblique inconstant and uncertain like as the flame of fire beaten with a small winde The Grecians also use for a Scorpion Blesta because it casteth poyson and Octopos from the number of his eight feet And in Aethiopia there is a kinde of Scorpion which the Greeks call Sybritae The Latines doe use indifferently Scorpius Sorpio nepa and Cancer also Vinula and Geptaria as we finde in Ponzettus The Arabians have many words as Harab Acrob Achrach and Satoracon Hacbarab Algerarat Algeterat and Algenat and Alkatareti for little Scorpions which draw their tails after them Howbeit among these names also Algarat signifieth that little kinde of Scorpions and Algararet the Scorpion with bunches on his back The Hebrewes according to the opinion of some call a Scorpion Acchabim the Italians Scurtigicio and Scorpione terrestre the French Vn Scorpion the Speniards Alacram and Alacrani which name they have also given to an Island in the West-Indies subject to their dominion In Castilia it is called Escorpion and in Germany Ein Scorpion The kindes of Scorpions I finde also to be many but generally they may be referred unto twain whereof one is called the Scorpion of the earth and the other the Scorpion of the water or of the Sea whose discourse or history is to be found among the fishes for we in this place doe only write of the Scorpion of the earth which is also called by Avicen a wilde Scorpion Of this kinde there are many differences First they differ in sex for there are males and females and the female is greater then the male being also fat having a grosser body and a greater and sharper sting but the male is more fierce then the female Again some of these have wings and some are without wings and some are in quantity greater then a Bean as in Helvetia neer Rapirsnill by Zurick The Scorpions called Vinulae are of a reddish colour as it were Rose-water and Wine mixed together and from thence it is probable that they took their name and from their colour the Authors have observed seven severall kinndes The first is white and the biting of this is not deadly The second is reddish like fire flamant and this when it hath wounded causeth thirst The third is of a pale colour and therefore called by the Grecians Zophorides and these when they have wounded a man cause him to live in continuall motion and agitation of his body so as he cannot stand still but remaineth distract and without wit alway laughing like a fool The fourth kinde is greenish and therefore termed Chloros which having wounded causeth intolerable trembling shaking and quivering and cold so that if the patient be laid in the hot sun yet he thinketh that he freezeth like hayl or rather feeleth hayl to fall upon him The fifth kinde is blackish pale and it is called Empelios it hath a great belly and broad whereof the poyson is great and causeth after stinging and admirable heavinesse and sorrowfull spirit This kinde is called by Gesner Ventricosum because of the large belly by the Arabians Algetarat and by Ponzettus Geptaria It eateth herbs and the bodies of men and yet remaineth insatiable it hath a bunch on the back and a tayl longer then other Scorpions The sixth is like a Crab and this is called by Aelianus a flamant Scorpion it is of a great body and hath tongs and takers very solid and strong like the Gramuel or Crevish and is therefore thought to take the beginning from that Fish The seventh is called Mellichlorus because of the Honey-colour thereof or rather Waxe-colour and the wings it hath on the back are like the wings of a Locust Also Scorpions do differ among themselves in regard of their outward parts for some of them have wings as those in India which are spoken of by Strabo Nicander and others and therefore many times when they settle themselves to flie they are transported by the winde from one Countrey to another There is also another difference observed in their tayls and in their stings for some of them have six knots on their tayls and some of them seven and those which have seven are more hardy and fierce but this falleth out very seldome that the Scorpions have seven knots in their tail and therefore much seldomer to have nine as writeth Apollodorus For if any have seven then is there likewise in them a double sting for there is also another difference some of them having a single and some a double sting yea sometimes a treble one and the sting of the
showres and very much rain a thing fatall to Islands do yeeld such extraordinary pure honey that it hath not the least mixture of venome and doth last a long time before it be corrupted or putrified that we do not speak of its excellent whiteness hardness sweetness hanging well together viscosity and ponderousness and other principal signs of the goodness of it But let us leave off to commend our own Countrey wherein good is to be found and set forth those Countreys which are infamous for the badness of it For the extreme bitterness the Cholchian honey and next the Corsican and in some places the Hungarian and the Sardinian hath an ill name For in Sardinia Wormwood in Corsica Rose-lawrel in Colâ—his the venomous Yew and all of them in Hungary Also the honey is venomous in Heraclea of Pontus and in the flowers of Goats-bane fading with the wetness of the spring for then the flowers contract that hurtfull venome which doth presently infect the honey-dew that falls upon them There is also another kinde of pernicious honey made which from the madness that it causeth is termed Mad-honey which Pliny conceiveth to be contracted from the flower of a certain shrub very frequently growing there in the woods Dioscorides and Aetius do not amiss impute this poyson to be caused of great plenty of the venomous herb called Libbardsbane or Wolf-wort which groweth there in that it is cured with the very same remedies as the venome of that herb is In Carina Persis Mauritania and Getulia bordering to Massesulia either by reason of vapours of the earth or by reason of the virulent and poysonous juice of the plants poysoned honey-combs are produced but are descried by their duskie or blackish colour In Trapezuntum in the Countrey of Pontus Pliny reports of a certain honey that is gathered of the flowers of the Box-tree which as it doth make those that are well sick with the noysome smell of it so those that are not well it restores to health On the trees of the Heptocometanes a people near unto Cholchis there growes a kinde of infectious honey The which poyson being drank makes men stupid and out of their wits This was sent by the enemy to the three Legions of Pompey with a token for the desire of peace they drinking very freely of it were put both besides their wits and their lives too as Strabo saith Ovid makes mention of the Corsick honey very infamous being extracted from the flower of Hemlock speaking thus I think it 's Corsick Honey and the Bee From the cold Hemlocks flowers gathered thee But yet it may seem to be not so much for Dame Natureâ— honour that she should bring forth a thing so desired of all men as honey is and so ordinarily to temper it with poyson Nay but in so doing she did not amiss so to permit it to be that thereby she might make men more cautious and lesse greedy and to excite them not only to use that which should be wholesome but to seek out for Antidotes against the unwholsomeness of it And for that cause she hath hedged the Rose about with prickles given the Bees a sting hath infected the Sage with Toad-spittle mixed poyson and that very deadly too with Honey Sugar and Manna The signs of poysoned honey are these it staines the honey-comb with a kinde of Lead-colour doth not become thick it looks of a bright shining glistering hew sharp or bitter in taste and hath a strange and 〈…〉 th smell it is far more ponderous then the other as soon as it is taken it causeth neâ—sing and a loosness of the belly accompanied with excess of sweating They which have drunk it dâ— tumble themselves up and down upon the cold earth very desirous of refrigeration The 〈◊〉 poy 〈…〉 honey hath the same symptomes with the poyson of Wolfâ—â—ane and hath the same way of cure Galen reports that two Physicians in Rome tasted but a very small quantity of poysoned honey and fell down dead in the open Market-place Against madness from eating honey Dioscorides prescribes Rue to be eaten and salt fish and honey and water to be drank but being taken they must be vomited up again and he prescribes the same remedie against this disease as he doth against Wolfs-bane and Rose-lawrel and Pliny agrees with him also he adds one singular antidote to eat a fish called a Gilt-head which also wonderfully corrects the loathing of good honey Gulielmus Placontia bids to cause vomit abundantly with syrup of Violets acetosus simplex and warm water eating salt fish before vo-miting Afterwards he gives Theriac with hot vinegar Christophanus de honest is perswades vo-miting and to set cold water under the nosthrils with the flowers of Violets Water-lillies and Fleawort But his Bezoar stone are Quince kernels bruised and given with hot water as Sanctus Ardoinas relates Avicenna hath prescribed nothing worth speaking of but what he had from others for I understand not what he means by his Aumeli But what if I a youth and an English man after so many grave and experienced Physicians should asseâ—t this for a certain Antidote viz. to take nothing down but the Bees themselves The likelyhood of the conjecture doth perswade and reason it self doth somewhat seem to favour it For unless that Dame Nature had given to these Bees a very marvellous power against poysoned honey as amongst men to the Psilli against Serpents to Storks and Peacocks amongst the Birds without all doubt with gathering of it swallowing of it and for some time keeping of it in their bodies yea concocting of it there they would be grievously pained and the poyson running and dispersing it self through all the parts would kill them Now the Terrestrial honey although it be not alwaies poysonous yet by reason of the blackness and clamminess of it 't is not much to be commended also it is often found to be subject to be infected by the venomous breath of Serpents Toads red Toads and therefore is carefully to be avoided Now let us come to the Qualities of Honey whereof some are first or primary others derived from them some formal some specifical which we deservedly call Energetical or operative In respect of the first Crasis or temper Honey is thought to be hot and dry in the second degree for which cause Galen did forbid those that are in Hectick Feavers and in all Feavers young men or those that have the yellow Jaundies to use it whereas in cold distempers he doth very much commend it and did prescribe it to those that were troubled with a raw and watry stomach whom if you gently anoint therewith it doth very much nourish and causeth a good colour and constitution of body If you desire to know the second qualities of honey viz. the smelling tasting visible tactile the best honey ought not to have the eminent quality of any herb or other thing whatsoever and therefore the honey that doth strongly smell of
Thyme Galen rejects and yet is of it self a most sweet and fragrant smell and not without a certain spirituous fragrancy such is that which in the middle of the spring is perceived to be in the air about break of day But if it have an ill savour it is putrefied not being well kept If it smell strong it hath contracted some contagion from Hemlock if it sting as it were and prick the nose with its sent it is an argument of some poyson or too much acrimony couched in it If it smell not at all it is stark dead no spirit in it If it smell of Thyme Linden or Teil-tree Rosemary Box Wormwood c. it shewes that it is degenerated into their nature The like is to be said of the Taste of honey which is known either by the herbs age of it or by the colour of it to be mixt or adulterate or natural that is to say striking and filling the tongue with a certain fine and lively sweetness so that it may seem to some to be a little tart As for what concerns the colour of the best honey in the Tigremahonick and Tagodostick Region that of a milky colour is preferred in hotter Countreys that which is white and transparent but commonly that which carries away the garland and is esteemed above the rest is yellow and of the colour of Gold And in the second rank is that which is white and transparent which I with Aristotle should put in the first place For that it is a sign of pure honey and not infected with any tincture of herbs The bright shining is also by him commended if it be not summer honey for the honey that is gathered at that season of the year like wax or butter either by reason of the abundance of yellow flowers or the scorching heat of the air it comes to be of a deep and full yellow yea almost quite red But if the Erycaean or Anthine appear reddish it is not without cause accounted unwholsome because it is not in its season Suspected and of ill name are the black duskie bright red and above all the lead colours which whether they appear in the comb or in the honey sometimes are evident signs of corruption and putrefaction and sometimes of poyson That honey is best in touch that is fat clammy glutinous heavy and most like to the clear liquor of Turpentine every where like it self that is pure without any or with very few dregs that is melted with a very soft fire and with the least cold as it were congealed into little stones The Energetical or operative qualities of honey are seen in the use of it the which is of divers sorts whether you turn you to the Apothecaries shop or to the Kitchen for so mightily doth it nourish and preserve health entire and men long-lived that the Greeks thought the Cyrneans by reason of their constant using of it lived long being old men as Herodotus Athenaus and Diodorus Siculus testifie Pollio indeed being asked how it came to pass that he lived to be so old as he was made answer Because from his youth he used Oyl without his body and Wine mingled with Honey within More then this all flowers fruits simples and compounded medicaments or confections by mingling them with honey are preserved entire from putrefaction in which faculty or virtue it so excells that even the Babylonians were wont to bury the dead corpses of their noble men in it as Herodotus witnesseth in Thalia Vintners also and such as deal in Wines that will play the knaves when they observe a piece of Wine decaying and at its last almost then they put honey to it to bring it to life again by which means the sophisticate wine appears pure and relisheth very well upon the palat though never so critical and curious It is not subject to putrefaction Fruits and all other bodies are kept in it very long yet if it be but touched by its enemy bread it putrefies They therefore that sell honey are very wary lest children as they pass by should dip their bread in it for so it will presently corrupt and turn into Ants or such like creatures if we will believe Paracelsus for his natural skill in the nature of things a most famous Philosopher With admixtion of honey also Galen amendeth the naughtiness of sweet meats when they begin to fail Honey mingled with other things doth both nourish and cause a good colour but taken by it self without any other thing it doth rather make the body lean than nourish it because it doth cause urine and purge the belly beyond all measure Hippocrates saith if you take the seeds of Cucumers or the seeds of any other plant and keep them for some time in honey and afterwards sow or set them the fruit that groweth of them will taste the sweeter As for the medicinal and Physical vertues of Honey It causeth heat cleanseth sores and ulcers excellently wears them away and removes them in what part of the body soever gathered as Galen Avicen Celsus and Pliny have observed It perfectly cureth the disease which causeth the hair of the head or beard to come off by the roots called the Foxes evill and other filthy ulcers of the head Plin. To regain hair lost by the disease aforesaid and for long Agues it is very effectual if the party be anointed with it raw as it is or with the honey-comb newly dreined or emptied Galen But above and beyond all the Oyl of honey distilled doth effect it The water that droppeth from the honey doth excellently cleanse the skin provoke urine extinguish the burning heat of Feavers open the obstructions of the bowels quench thirst The chaulk or salt of it as it is of all corrosives the least painful so it is most energetical and operative and therefore is very much commended by Chymicks and Chirurgeons for to cure that kernell or tumour of flesh which groweth upon the yard But how many and how ample virtues that quintessence of Honey as they call it hath attained against the strength of all diseases whatsoever is excellently described by Isaacus Belga the predecessor of Paracelsus Nay without doubt if wilde honey and raw was able so to prolong the health and life of Democrates Pollio John the Baptist in a word of the Pythagoreans and Cyrneans as aforementioned how much more will it do being refined and heightned to the highest degree of nutrition The Epicureans who took the best way they could to provide for their health and their pleasure fed alwaies upon Ambrosia as Tzetzes reports which did consist of a tenth part of honey as if they meant by the use of it to stave off all pains and griefs and live free from all diseases and maladies It doth wonderfully help the ulcers in the ears if it be powred warm into them and especially if an ill sent be joyned with them Moreover in their histing noyses inflamations Galen commands to instill
of bitter choler innumerable worms are oft-times found And I see no reason why Worms may not breed from yellow choler as well as in Wormwood from melancholy as well as in stones from bloud as well as in sugar But if they be not bred from them whence have they matter that they breed of The Physician of Padua will answer It remains therefore that they can breed only of raw flegm which either ariseth from too great quantity of the best meats for want of heat or quantity of bad meats corrupt by depravation which opinion though it well agree with Galen Aegineta Aetius Avenzoar Avicenna Coluâ—nella Celsus Alexander and chiefly with our Mercurialis yet in my judgement Hippocrates is in the right who thought that living creatures are bred in the little world as well as they are in the great Therefore as in the earth there are all kinde of humours heat and spirit that it may nourish living creatures that breed so hath man all kinde of moisture that mourisheth things that breed Moreover when as these living creatures do represent perfectly Earth-worms no man in his wits will deny but that they have both the same original What flegm is there in the earth yet it breeds round Worms and Gourd-fushioned and Ascarides and all sorts of Worms and the best and warmest earth abounds with them so far is it that they should breed only of raw and corrupt humours Do we not also daily see that Worms are voided by men that are in health For I knew a woman of Flanders that at Francfort on the Main which from her youth till she was forty years old did daily void some round Worms without any impairing of her health and she was never sick of them I conclude therefore that from every raw humour of the body Worms may breed and not only from crude or corrupted flegm The formal cause depends from internal heat which is weak gentle pleasing and fit to breed living creatures wherein that plastick force of Caleodick Nature to use the word of Avicennas doth make the colours by the degrees of secret heat and sporting her self doth make that broad form of Gourd-worms and some-times of Lizards Toads Grass-worms Catterpillers Snakes Eels as we read in Histories This doth give them taste feeling and motion this gives them that force of attracting whereby they forcibly draw forth with greediness the juices that slip into the guts If it were not so that heat that consumes all things might perhaps dispose the matter that is changed by putrefaction but it would never give the form and figure of a living creature For it is not because the guts are round that round Worms are bred in them as some men dream but the external form depends from the internal and the spirit drawn forth of the bosome of the soul it self doth frame the shapes without a Carver or Smith This spirit is the mediate efficient cause but God himself is the principal cause in this and other things in whom as well as we the Worms are move and have their being The final cause shewes their use which declares Gods omnipotency Natures majesty and the singular providence of both for mans good For there are collected in us some putrefied excremental superfluous parts which the more bountiful hand of Nature changeth into Worms and so cleanseth our bodies as we account it a good sign of health to be full of lice after a long disease also they consume much superfluous moisture in mans body and unless they grow too many for then they feed on our nutrimental juice they are a great help to the guts so far is it that they should be accounted by physitians amongst diseases or the beginnings of diseases Amongst the concomitant causes I reckon the place and the countrey For though they are more common to children than to those that are of years to women than men in a pestilential than a healthful time in Autumn than in the Spring to such as use an ill diet rather than to those that keep an exact diet yet they accompany all ages sexes conditions seasons diets for no man is priviledged from them yet some places or climates are free for according to the nature of them in some many in others no Worms will breed for all kinde of Worms will not breed in each part of the guts but round Worms only in â—he small guts Ascarides in the Longanum the Gourd-worms only are bred in all Also as Theophrastus and Pliny testifie there are no small differences amongst Nations and Countreys lib. hist pl. 9. c. 2. Lib. Nat. hist 27. cap. 13. For broad or Gourd-worms are common amongst the Egyptians Arabians Syrians and Cilicians again they of Thracia and Phrygia know them not And though the Boeotians and Athenians are under the same Confines they are frequently full of Worms and these are by a priviledge as it were freed from them He only will admire at this or think it a Fable who knowes not that the nature of Countreys vary according to the position of the stars the nature of the winds and the condition of the earth There is a River saith Aristotle lib. de nat anim c. 28. in Cephalenia that parts an Island and on one side of it there is great abundance of Grashoppers but none on the other In Prodoselena there is a way goeth between and on one side of it a Cat will breed but not on the other side In the Lake Orchomenius of Boeotia there are abundance of Moles but in Lebadius that is hard by there are none and brought from other parts they will not dig the earth In the Island Ithaca Hares cannot live nor in Sicily flying Ants nor in the Countrey of Cyrene vocal Frogs nor in Ireland as we know any kinde of venomous creature The reason of all this he can only tell who hath hanged the earth in the air without a foundation for it is not my eye that can see so far nor have I any minde to affect to know things above my understanding I leave that work to those that dare aspire To know Gods secrets let me them admire CHAP. XXXIII Of the signs and cure of Worms out of Gabucinus LEt us therefore shew the signs of Worms beginning from those that are called round Worms both because these do more frequently vex children and because they produce more cruel symptomes of which Paulus writes thus they that are troubled with round Worms are cruelly torn in their bellies and guts and they have a tickling cough that is troublesome and somewhat tedious some have a hickop others when they sleep leap up and rise without cause sometimes they cry out when they rise and then they fall asleep again their Arteries beat unequally and they are sick of disorderly Feavers which with coldness of the outward parts come thrice or four times in a day or a night without any reason for them Children will eat in their sleep and put forth their tongues
gnash their teeth wink with their eyes they will be very silent and are angry with those that rowse them up the balks of their cheeks in a short time are sometimes red sometimes wan-coloured If the Worms run up to the stomach they cause nauseating gnawing and want of appetite and if the sick are forced to eat they scarse can swallow it and if they swallow it down they vomit it up again they void many corruptions of meat by their bellies and they are swoln like a drum the rest of the body growes unreasonable lean not by reason of hunger nor immoderate evacuations These things happen when these creatures creep and gnaw in the belly A feaverish heat sends up ill vapours to the brain that arise from putrid moisture collected in the stomach So writes Paulus But Aetius out of Herodotus writes thus Those that are troubled with Worms have a most cruel pain of their stomach and bellies and they have a little frequent tickling cough and yet they spit up nothing iâ— their sleep they shiver and rise preternaturally some again put out their tongues and shut their eyes and are silent and cannot endure to be rowsed and cannot watch for weakness some have their eyes bloudshed their pulses unequal obscure deficient and recurrent some want an appetite children whilest they sleep bite their tongues and move their mouthes as if they sucked or eat meat But these things are done for a short time and by circuits Moreover some children besides reason rise with crying and presently fall down again some crash their teeth which it seems happens when the Worms suck and gnaw their bellies and guts And now it appears that some are come up into the stomach and cause loathing and bitings oft-times also by themselves they are cast upward but sometimes with some flegmatick humour Some Infants neglected lose their motion and are benummed and like those that are in a swound they sweat a cold thin humour and most commonly they are wan-coloured sometimes the face will be red especially about the cheeks but this colour again is changed into more than ordinary paleness Others again like dotards speak strange words in their sleep others change their places they 〈…〉 y on still sleeping and they are vexed and turn from place to place but very few of those do cry for most of them are void of reason and are silent Also they that are vexed with round Worms loath their meat and if they eat any thing they cast it up again or â—oath it so much they can hardly swallow it for they fall into Feavers with vehement cold in the outward parts some have their bellies swoln like a drum So saith Aetius But these are the marks he reckons from Hippocrates opinion Worms in the belly are discovered by these marks If they be sleepy and the disease will not let them and their outward parts be cold and there be gnawing at their hearts the urine troubled and the tongue full of moisture also they that have Worms in their stomach are full of spittle and if any little Worm comes forth they spit no more therefore all those that have Worms in the mouth of their stomach do commonly cast them up all by vomit but those that have belly Worms void them by siege But they all nauseate and vomit up what they take in They are like to those that are pricked that have contractions all over their bodies and move suddenly and confusedly and they have torments and pains of their guts Vapours carried to the head cause Vertigoes Moreover the manner of diet that the party used will shew the generation of Worms and all the rest These are the signs of round Worms but all these signs must not be sought for in every one as Paulus saith but some and the principal of them I might joyn here many things out of our new writers unless what they say and more also were not to be found in Avicenna whence they borrowed it Paulus gives us these notes of broad Worms sometimes they abound in those that have Feavers and sometimes in those that have none In Chronical diseases they breed gnawing the stomach and causing a greedy appetite They eat the meat so fast that we need more and if it be not present they bite shrewdly the body growes lean and weak and unequal But the most certain sign is that some bodies like Gourd-seeds come forth with our excrements so saith Paulus and Aetius doth not differ from him but that he saith that they gnaw the stomach continually and cause an insatiable appetite and that the meats eaten soon turn to excrements They that are affected grow weak of body and sluggish and are alwaies hungry for what is living in the guts when it hath consumed the meat feeds on the body but this sign will not fail us if some things like Gourd-seeds be voided by stool The signs Hippocrates gives are these He writes after this fashion There is another kinde of this that comes forth like the white shavings of the guts which hath these marks The party voids seed like Cucumer-seed and when he is fasting he is vexed and spits much his liver being affected sometimes not and sometimes when this vehemently affects his liver it stops his speech and he spits much and after that it stops and sometimes there is great pains in the guts sometimes the shoulders ake and then it stops again Sometimes these are the signs of the broad Worms He that is affected with this Worm is almost alwaies in health but when he growes weak he can hardly endure it or be recovered For this broad Worm takes some part of those things that go down into the stomach and if care be taken it may be cured but if not the Worm will not come forth it self nor doth it kill a man but growes old with him c. Ascarides are alwaies about the bottome of the belly as we said and there they cause a great itching almost continually as Paulus and Aetius have written and sometimes as it is reported they will make one faint For that is shewed by their name For they moving alwaies do continually exercise a man and tire him out They that are troubled with these feel alwaies a heaviness about their Praecordia and backs The signs of these are chiefly taken from the filthy smelling of the excrements They that have Worms their eyes at first shine their cheeks are wan in the night they have cold sweats their mouth is pale they start in their sleep in the day they are more feaverish their tongues and are dry lips their breath commonly stinks their face is pale they nauseate and vomit often they loath meat they crash their teeth especially in the night they put forth their tongues and they seem to eat they are angry with those that awake them they speak strange words sometimes they are in a lethargy and pick straws and their heads ake they cry out in their
be well disposed nor can this be unlesse the whole body be so and this is excellent well performed by good diet wherefore that in the first place must be well ordered for without that all helps are in vain for the preserving and repairing our health For this is so famous and almost the best part of Physick that that admirable Cous Celsus Galen Pliny and almost all the old Physicians could never give it commendations enough Asclepias formerly esteemed it so much that he almost took away the method of curing by Physick and wholly turned all curing upon diet Now this consists not only in the quantity and quality of meats and drinks but also in all those things that befall us whether we will or no as in sleeping and waking motion and rest as also in the repletion and emptinesse of the whole body and of every part and in the affects of the minde but chiefly in the Air that is about us which not only sticks fast to us outwardly but continually enters into the inmost parts of our body by the drawing in of our breath As for what concerns those things that we take because they are such things that every man knows I shall say nothing of them For there is no man ignorant that divers meats and of ill and naughty juice and disorderly taken will breed crudities and that gluttony and drunkenness do our bodies great hurt yet many kinde of meats that are hurtfull in other diseases are profitable in these Wherefore we shall as it were besides our purpose and by the way touch upon these first adding what Paulus writes Let the meats of those that have Worms be of good juice that may easily be dispersed and passe to the parts and neither foster the cause nor weaken our forces Wherefore we grant them wine mingled with water and let them eat often both for their need and that the Worms may not gnaw them If there be a scowring of the belly it is a sign that many are bred the meat being not dispersed and in that case Pears or Quinces must be mingled with our broths Wheaten bread is a wonderfull help having Anniseed mingled with it or Fennel or Salt or bread that is between Bran and Wheat called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because there are joyned together in it the Bran the Hulls and the Flour Men call also this bread 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because all the Wheat without taking any thing from it is made into bread Also the wheat it self that the meal is taken from must be the best for some of these have much Bran which is the courser wheat but the finer wheat is the best But wine that is mingled with water because it gently bindes is held to be very convenient Mountain birds are fit for their meat and young wood Pigeons green Groundsel and Goats-beard the broth of black Chiches and Coleworts and Capers and pickled Olives eaten and if there be no Feaver let them eat their other meats with Mustard also sowr and oyly things are commended Also Panick which Diocles called the honey of Corn is most durable if so be it may be reckoned amongst Corn. Also Spelt in the decoction of Myxie and a Ptisane with a great quantity of Oyl of unripe Olives besides these Lupines Cresses Betes Mints Smallage Radish and sawce eaten are good Give children before all meat a decoction of Sebestens with Mints Milk is very hurtful as also Fish and Pulse and whatsoever is of a cold grosse substance and hard to be digested Bread unleavened breeds Worms for it is good for no man and so are all moyst meats that easily turn to corruption within For all kinde of Worms it is most convenient to use abstinence from such things as breed them And when they are bred it is good to eat often a little at a time and that is best when they leave off gnawing But those that have Ascarides must eat meats of good juice and of easie digestion that the force of them may not reach so farre as the right gut For the matter fit to breed them is so consumed Thus far for meats and drinks to be taken But the other five kindes that are not so manifest shal be handled by us also with all brevity And we shal begin from sleep It must not be too little nor too much and in the night rather than in the day at least two hours after meat Moreover to be long idle is naught let exercise precede meats and rest after meats Nor is every motion to be taken for exercise but that which makes us breath more unlesse it be when we have taken Physick against Worms for then we must ride or run to shake our bodies for they are more easily cast forth by hard exercise or labour but children will hardly observe these rules Care also must be had that the belly may twice be unburdened and if that will not do of it self we must use a Suppository or Clyster to provoke it made of such ingredients that are fit for this purpose All affections of the minde whatever they be must be set aside as quarrelling anger sorrow great cares and thoughts sadnesse fears envy and all such kinde of perturbations and chiefly after meat For these change and turn the body from its natural state Let men beware of cold North windes and let them not go barefoot The air because it alwayes is about us cannot be chosen at our pleasure for it is sometimes a defence for us and sometimes the cause that makes Worms or fosters them It wil be a defence if it be very hot and dry pure clear and calm and it wil chiefly foster the disease when it is very cosd or moyst or moved by the North or South winde or by too great heat dissolves our forces and then by art it must be thus prepared To burn in our Chambers wood of Juniper tree or of Citrons or Peach-trees and such wood as is against Worms Also to perfume the place with tops of Worm-wood Peach-tree leaves Citron pills roots of Pomegranate-trees also with Fern and Ivy. But that is the best that is made with Myrrhe and Aloes Another remedy that succours the fainting spirits by reason of Worms Amber-greece two penny-weight Musk one peny weight Gum Arabick four peny-weight Roses Sanders Cloves Privet Frankincense of each one peny-weight Gallia Moschata so called six peny-weight Lignum Aloes burnt to a cole twenty peny-weight the quenched coles of Vine-branches what is sufficient make them up with Rose Vinegar Worms are oft-times exasperated with vehement remedies that they bring children to Convulsions swoundings and death wherefore they are not rashly to be given and at all adventures But because that remedies by reason of their different qualities are thought to be good to kill and bring forth Worms therefore in general such remedies as heat drie cut and are sharp bitter salt or sowr and attenuating are to be used For either they kill the
Eye-browes to make black 1080. Emerods 1073. 1104. 1049. Enterocele 1105. Epiplocele ibid Epilepsies 1088. 1098 Elephantiasis 1088. F. FAce ulcers 912. Feavers cured 911. 912. 913 914. 1079. Fulling sicknesse 1107. Fears remedy 1088. Felons 945. 1000. 1073. 1088. Fish-baits 1130. Fish to catch 975. Fistula in ano 1099. 1104. Flies remedies 947. Fleas remedy 1104. Fortunate to make 1012. Fundament swoln 1073. 1088. G. GLewing things 1104. Glow-worms dead shine not 976. Gnats use 955. 956. Gnats remedy 956. Gowt 915. 1004 1005. 1073. ibid. 1104. 1129. Glurd-worms 1109. Gravel 906. Groin sore 1017. H. HAir to take off 979. 980. 1080. 1098. 1100. Hairs hoary to hinder 1105. Hair to make white 9006. Hair to make black 1129. Hair falling 1004. Head-ache 915. 1012. 1017. 1049. 1105. Head diseases 1088. Hearing 906. Heart panting 1088. Hemeroids 1012. Hony poysoned remedies 906. Hip-gowt 1080. 1104. Hips pain 1049. Honey drinks 912. Hemicrania 1107. Honey good for all diseases 906. Honey to know the best 908. Honeys physical use 911. Honeys quintessence ibid. Horsleeches prepared 1â—â— Horsleeches use ibid. Honey better then Sugar 912. Horsleeches removed 1098. 1128. Hydromel 912. 91â— Horses cured 1017. 1044. 1045. Humours salt 1049. I. JAws pain 911. 996. Jaundies 915. 1093. 1100. 1104. 1053. Impostumes 906. 1098. 1104. Impostume in the breasts 1105. Infants gums 911. Inflamation hindred 1073. Joynts pain 915. 1104. 1105. 1129. Joints wounds 1073. Iron to make hard 1106. Itch 1080. K. KIbe heels 1104. Kings Evil 996. 1000. 1048. 1049. Kings-evil tried 1105. Krickets use 996. L. LAnfracks powder for the stone 1053. Leprosie 945. 987. 1000. 1003. 1025. 1049. Lethargy 1012. 1098. Letters to open secretly 916. Lice cured 1073. 1092. 1093. 1095. Light artificial in the night 980. Lice in a disease sign of health 1093. Life long to make 911. Lice in the eyes cured 1095. Limbs wasted 1105. Lips sore 906. Liver opened 1104. Locusts use 987. Loins pain 1049. Locusts remedies 988. Lowsie disease 1129. Lungs remedies 912. Lungs Worms 1108. M. MAgitians folly 1012. 1053. Melicrate 913. Manginesse 1025. Melancholy 91â— Matrix stopped 1000. Metheglin good for weak stomachs 912. Milk a remedy for Cantharides 1004. Milk curdled 912. 915. Milk to keep from curdling 1073. Morals 974. 975. Moths remedies 1000. 1101. Mouth sore 911. Melancholy people cured 1129. Monstrual bloud 1079. Mad people cured 11â—9 Melancholy 1088. Mâ—tre 〈…〉 1115. Matrix to heat 1088. Maggots bred in ulcers cured 1123. Moles of the matrix 1098. N. NAils rough cured 987. 1003. Nits remedies 1123. Neck swoln 1000. Nâ—â— sings cure â—râ—in Worms 1107. Nerves cut asunder 1104 1109. Nerves contracted 1104. Noli me tangere 1080. Nose bleeding 1098. Numbnesse 101â— O. OBstructions opened 911. 912. Old people 912. Oyl of Earth-worms to make 1106. Ozena 915. Opening remedies 1048. P. PAins cured 1100. Parotides 996. Phalangiums bites cured 1062. 1063. 1064. 1065. Pimples red in the face 906. Palsey 1105. Pin and Web 945. Plague cured 1053. Poysons remedy 945. 1072. 1053. Privities scabs 1098. Propolis 916. 917. Polypus in the nose 1108. Purge 914. Purple colour 1088. Pursivenesse 1049. Pismires drove the Cynamolgi an idle people out of their Countrey 1080. Q. QVinsey 912. 1049. Quartan ague 1053. Quotidian ibid. R. RHeums hindred 980 Reins 912. Reins Worms 1108. Ring-worms 917. Reins Impostume 1108. Rose 917. Round Worms bred only in the small guts 1111. Ruptures cured 1105. S. SCorpions stings 988. 1057. 1058. 1053 1054. 1055. 1056. Scolopenders bites cured 1046. Sight helpt 906. 911. Scrofulous tumours 988. 1006. 1105. Skin cleansed 911. 912. Sleep caused 996. 1088. Sores running 906. 912. 1006. Sores pestilent 1017. Stophilyâ—us swallowed by a horse cured 1044. 1045. Stone 906. 912. 980. 987. 996. 1012. 1098. 1104. 1048. 1053. 1105. 1106. Spiders eaten 1073. Stomach raw 906. 917. Stomach Worms 1108. Spleen 912. 1072. Stormâ— foreshewed 945. Squint eyes cure ibid. Strangury 987. 1026. 1098. Suffocation of the mother 1072. 1098. Suffusion of the eyes 911. Stones voided at the fundament 1107. Stones bred in most parts of the body ibid. Sweating helped 912. Sweating caused 1017. Swellings 912. 915. 945. Salamanders antidote 1004. Scabs 10â—0 1080. Scurf 1025. Secondine 1104. 1105. Shingles 1100. 1105. Softning things 1104. Short winde 1048. 1049. Scorpions stings prevented 1054. 1105. Scorpions cure their own stings 1053. St. Bernards Oyl powerfully provokes urine ibid. T. TArantula 945. Tendons remedy 915. Teeth to make fall out 1105. Teeth breeding 911. Teeth to preserve 1105. Testicles cold helpt 912. Thirst quenched 911. 912. Tooth-ache 915. 1072. 1073. 1088. ibid. 1104. 1049. 1105. Tonsils swoln 912. 996. Thorns to draw out 917. Tumours 1080. 1049. Tonsils diseases 1049. Tetters 1003. 1004. 1073. 1080. Terms provoked 1004. 1012. 1088. Terms to stop 1100. Tympany 1073. Tinkling in the ears 1049. Tertian ague 1053. V. VEnery provoked 988. 1004. 1080. Venery abated 980. 1080. 1100. Vlcers cured 911. 912. 915. 1000 1073. 1088. 1080. 1099. 1104. Vrine provoked 911. 912. 914 975. 1004. 1012. 1017. 1088. 1008. 1047. Vvula 912. Vipers bites cured 1053. W. WAll lice killed 1097. Wasps stings 925. 926. 927. Wax to make 915. Wax the best 915. 916. Wax paint the best 916. Womens diseases 1105. Wax vertues 915. 916. Weevils remedy 1089. Winde helped 912. Witch-craft 1012. Warts 1000. 1073. 1080. Water dissolved 1088. Wens 1000. 1049. Winde dissipated 1080. Wombs pain 1012. Whitloof cured 1049. Worms in hands 1017. 1095. 1096. Worms in trees and plants remedy 1089. Worms in ulcers cured 1049. Wounds cured 1017. 1073. 1104. Wounds hard cured 1049. Worms of three sorts in men 1107. Worms use 1106. Worms cause many diseases ibid. Worms breed in most parts of the body 1107. Worms sign of health 1111. Worms in Feavers best voided when 1113. Worms signs and cure 1111. 1112. 1113. 1114. 1115. 1116. 1117. 1118. 1119. 1120. 1121. 1122. Y. YArds tumours 911. Z. ZOmerysis what 1115. THE END Bish Juel Countrey of breed Cicera C 〈…〉 an Martial Horace Of the name The small use of Apes * * * Athenaeus Apes made for â—aughter Qualities of Apes * * * Varinus Docibility of Apes Hurts received by Apes â—n History Countreys breeding Apes Book of Voyages Labour of Apes Diversity of Apes Chymaera lib. 7. 1. de animal Pygmeys Onesicritus The anatomy of Apes The disposition of Apes An History Places of their abode Food of Apes The manner of taking Apes Procreation of Apes Secrets in their nature Their imitation Their love Their fear An antiquity The medicine of Apes Joh. Leo. African The Countrey of their abode and breed Hurt of Munkeys Their food Diversities of Munkeys Solinus Their anatomy and parts Vessalius Mammonets Festus Another kind The names Diodorus Siculus Pliny The first knowledge of Martines Their Countrey of breed Strabo Their anatomy Strabo Scaliger Their colour Aelianus Cay Their disposition The name Pliny Countrey of b 〈…〉 Their parts and colour Albertus Erasmus Their resembance Aelianus Place of their abode Their food The hatred of these