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A94421 The hidden treasures of the art of physick; fully discovered: in four books. 1 Containing a physical description of man. 2 The causes, signes, and cures of all diseases, incident to the body. 3 The general cure of wounds, tumours, and ulcers. 4 A general rule, for making all kind of medicines; with the use and nature of distilled waters, juyces, decoctions, conserves, powders, elestuaries, plaisters, &c. To which is added three necessary tables, 1 sheweth the contents of the four books. 2 Explaineth all the terms of art which are used in physick and chirurgery. 3 Explaining the nature and use of simples, what they are, and where they grow. A work whereby the diligent reader may, without the help of other authors, attain to the knowledge of the art above-named. / By John Tanner, student in physick, and astrology. Tanner, John, ca. 1636-1715. 1659 (1659) Wing T136; Thomason E1847_1; ESTC R203798 295,583 577

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THE HIDDEN TREASURES OF THE Art of Physick Fully Discovered IN FOUR BOOKS 1 Containing a Physical Description of Man 2 The Causes Signes and Cures of all Diseases incident to the Body 3 The general Cure of Wounds Tumours and Ulcers 4 A general Rule for making all kind of Medicines with the use and Nature of distilled Waters Juyces Decoctions Conserves Powders Elestuaries Plaisters c. To which is added three necessary Tables 1 Sheweth the Contents of the Four Books 2 Explaineth all the Terms of Art which are used in Physick and Chirurgery 3 Explaining the Nature and use of Simples what they are and where they grow A Work whereby the diligent Reader may without the help of other Authors attain to the knowledge of the Art above-named By John Tanner Student in Physick and Astrology London Printed for George Sawbridge at the sign of the Bible on Lud-gate-Hill 1659. To my truly honoured and worthily respected Friend Mr. William Beal of Little Missenden in the County of Buckingham J. T. Wisheth all Health Happiness and Prosperity in this Life and Eternal Glory in the Life to come Honoured Sir THat which for the most part emboldeneth men to dedicate their Labours unto any Personage is the affinity between the matter of the Work which they present and the Mind of him to whom it is presented I have here swerved from this custom being altogether too weak to present you with a Work sutable to your far more excellent parts Yet when I considered my Design viz. to serve my Countrey and to instruct the unlearned in this so excellent and necessary a Science I thought none so fit to patronize and encourage a piece of this nature than one who heartily desires the publique good which publique Spirit and charitable Principle I have in a more than ordinary manner observed in you and your poor Neighbours to their comfort are daily sensible of Sir I need not tell you how useful a subject of this nature may prove to the Commonalty whose ignorance of their own condition whilest they are sick and want of strength of body or purse to confer with a Physitian proves fatal to many a poor Christian in this Nation I shall leave this to the consideration of the Reader and humbly crave your favourable acceptance of these my weak endeavours and First-Fruits of my few years hard study Which if I obtain my Book though a Stripling and very impotent of it self yet under your favourable protection I am confident will manfully obvert and defend it self against the venemous Bitings of Slanderous Tongues from which it must expect not a little opposition I hope nay confidently believe that this poor Infant though but meanly clad will find your encouragement being an honest mans Child no Vagrant I beseech you Sir excuse my confidence who dare thus rush into your presence and demand without any merit of my own your favourable protection But it is your good Nature of which I am an Admirer that hath so far emboldened me Had Nature been more liberal to me in Expressions or had tipt my Tongue with Eloquence yet I durst not make use of it to you for I know you delight not in it nor is my self therewith affected Therefore in all humility sincerity and plain Language I subscribe my self Your most affectionate Servant John Tanner TO THE READER IT is not vain-glory Courteous Reader arrogancy or presumption that hath put me upon this Design viz. publishing this Tractate of Physick But for some years having abandoned the hunting after all glistering shewes of happiness I have applyed my Mind to the study of Nature and finding nothing in the World that God the Great Creatour hath kept to himself but made subject to the industrious Capacity of man's soaring Brain And that the same God that infused into man a conceiveable Mind to understand the Mysteries of Nature also gave a Tongue able to express his Conceptions to another and a Hand to write it for the benefit of Posterity As there is nothing can make a man approach nearer to the perfection of Nature which he lost in his Fall then painful searching into the Secrets of Nature so there is nothing in Nature can make a man more glorifie his Maker then communicating what he hath found by Search and Industry to Posterity These considerations put me upon the Enterprise not forgetting the saying of Plato and the Stoicks Non nobis solum nati sumus ortúsque nostri partem patria vendicat partem parentes partem amici Quae in terris gignuntur ad usum hominum omnia creari homines autem hominum causa esse generatos ut ipsi inter se aliis alii prodesse possent We are not born for our selves alone but partly for our Countrey partly for our Parents and partly for our Friends What ever the Earth hath produced was created for the use of Man Man also was created for Man's sake that they might among themselves profit one by another These considerations I say moved me to pursue this Design which though it will not satisfie every detracting Critick and self-conceited Practitioner I hope will find acceptance among those for whom I principally intended it Courteous Reader I have collected out of the Works of most of the Ancient and Modern Physitians now extant among us this Compendium or Abridgment of Physick much of which I have sealed confirmed by the Probatum est of my own Experience as Providence hath given me occasion I have not put thie to view in competition with the Works of so many more grave and Learned Raboies but for the good of those that want such helps and are unacquainted with the Latine Tongue but more particularly for these Reasons First because many industrious Students have not a Purse to purchase so many Authors Secondly others have not a Brain to peruse such lage Volumns but are at first better able to apprehend much lying in a little compass the use of which as an Introduction will give them light to pass thorough larger Volumes with more ease Third'y that People void of Learning and of mean Capacities may be better able to judge of a Disease by the Symptomes and give a better Information to an absent Physitian then to set him to juggle in the Piss-per Fourthly Ladies and Gentlewomen who are wont to help their poor sick Neighbours may be the better enabled and be forewarned by dangerous Symptomes to haste to the Learned Physitian Lastly that all Women may the better understand the Physitians Directions and with more Prudence govern the Sick The first Book was the Fruits of my wandering Meditations which I once intended not for publick view Much of the second was my Daily Collections which my Practise lead me to In the Theory I interlaced the Judgments of Authors making choice of that which seemed most consentaneous to Reason and my own Experience In the Practique part I have quoted Medicines from several Authors as left by them Some
is sound and the Distemper may be taken away if the Humours which corrupt the Blood be evacuated In the Cure of this Disease your main work is to strengthen the Liver correct the Distemper and stay the Flux If it come from a cold Cause deal with it as with a Dropsy But if it come of a hot Cause as for the most part it doth you may gently evacuate the peccant Humours with Rubarb as you are taught in the Cure of the Dysentery Then you must give Medicines which strengthen the Liver Take of the Roots of Succory Sorrell Bloodwort and Monks-Rubath of each one Ounce the Leaves of Plantane Endive Succory Purslane Agrimeny and Dandelion of each one handfull Wormwood half a handfull Red Sanders two Drachms Coriander seeds prepared a Drachm red Roses one Pugill the shavings of Ivory and Spodium of each a Drachm boil them in Barly water to a Quart and in the straining dissolve of the Sirrups of Quinces Vinegar Simple and dried Roses of each two Ounces of the Oyl of Vitriol as much as will make it moderately sharp and make a Julep for six Doses to be given Morning and Evening First and Last The Sirrup of Myrtles of Succory simple or compound with Rubarb the Sirrup Tincture or Magistery of Pearl is very good and may be made use of as the former or made into a Julep with Plantane or other cooling Waters The Liver of a Wolf is much commended and it may be made into an Electuary Opiate or into any other form with the aforenamed ingredients The Tops of young Nettles boiled in Broth or Water are good and the juyce taken is more powerful to stop the Flux and to purify the Blood It is good to apply an Epitheme to the Region of the Liver made of the aforenamed Ingredients or as many of them as you think good It is convenient that among your Medicines which you give to stop the Flux you administer such as are restorative because in this Disease the Body is much consumed Riverius much commendeth this distilled Water and the truth is it deserveth commendation Take a fat Capon and a Partridge pull and draw them and filth ir bellyes with Succory Agrimony and Snails of each one Handfull Conserve of Roses three Ounces Plantane and Coriander Seeds prepared of each two Drachms Citron Myrabolans one Drachm the Leavs of Bloodwort half a handfull the Troches of Amber and Spodium of each four Scruples the Powder of the Electuary de Gemmis Triasantalon and Diamargariton frigidum of each one Drachm Sprinkle them with Styptick Wine and put them into the Fowls Bellyes boil them in a close Vessel in four Pints of Water till half be consumed then put them into a glasse Limbeck with three Ounces of good Wine and distill them in Balaeo give a little of the Water often by it self or with other Medicines CHAP. L. Of the Worms VVorms for the most part breed in the Guts therefore I shall speak of them here Galen Propounds three kinds of Worms the First are round and long and are called Teretes and are more common then the rest and are bred in the Guts but do somtimes get up into the Stomach The Second are called Ascarides they are little and smal like threds and they commonly ly in the lower part of the thick Intestines and over against the Sphincter-Muscle The third sort are broad Worms and long though seldome seen sometimes they are voided of an incredible length They are bred of such Nourishment as easily putrifieth in the Stomach hence it cometh to passe that Children and such as are gluttonous who eat much Fruit and such things as easily putrify especially more being eaten before the former is digested are troubled with Worms The Signes of Worms in the Guts are divers not in all alike a stinking and sowr Breath Stools like Cow dung in colour Gray like Potters earth Sometimes there is a continual Feaver Heavinesse Fainting Loathing Vomiting unquenchable Thirst and sometimes cold Sweats an unequal Pulse the Cheeks are sometimes red sometimes blew the Eyes shine the Nose itcheth the Teeth gnash a dry Cough There is pain in the Belly sometimes by Inflammation and sometimes by Distention some start in their Sleep Sometimes the Body pineth and the Patient hath an insatiable Appetite this is a Signe of flat Worms which eat up the Food The Ascarides are known by the itching of the Fundament and the Excrements are many times full of them Sometimes the eating away of the Gums is a Signe of Worms Though to Children and older Folk Worms are common and little feared yet many and dangerous Symptoms and Diseases are bred by them In the beginning of a Disease it is evil for Worms to be voided alive or dead especially alone without Dung if they be alive they signify great Crudity and Want of Nourishment if dead great Putrefaction by which they are killed In the declining of a Disease Worms comming forth with the Excrements is a good Signe The Cure of the Worms consisteth in giving Medicines to kill them and to evacuate them being killed The best way to kill them or at least to drive them to the lower Intestines are these Simples which follow viz. all the sorts of Wormwood Southernwood Calamint Dogs-tooth Century Horehound Dittany Hyssop Rew Savin Peach leavs Coriander seed Harts horn Lupines Mints Garlick Elecampane and many other of these Simples may several forms of Medicines be composed mixing with them such things as purge not onely to kill but also to carry away the Cause of Worms Rubarb is much commended because it may safely be given if a Feaver be present Take of Rubarb one Drachm yellow Sanders half a Scruple infuse them in Purslane water three Ounces strain them and dissolve the Powder of Rubarb and the Powder against the Worms which you may have at the Apothecaryes of each one Scruple Sirrup of Roses one Ounce mix them and make a Potion If the Feaver be not great add Hiera picra to your Potion more or lesse according to the strength of your Patient afterwards give a Clister made of the Decoction of Liquorish Raisons Figs or Chicken Broth sweetned with Sugar and Hony of Roses such Clisters are good to draw them down into the thick Guts Afterwards give a Clister made after this manner Take of Wormwood Southernwood Century of each one handfull Lupines half an Ounce the Seed of Wormwood and Coriander seed prepared of each two Drachms In a half Pint or a Pint of the strained Liquor according umo the age of the Patient dissolve one Ounce or two of the Oyl of Wormwood and Salt one Drachm and an half To bring them out being killed add to the former Clister Benedicta Laxativa Hiera picra and Cassia newly drawn of each three Drachms or more if your Patient can bear it Rondoleitus doth highly commend Diaearthamum and the Infusion of Agarick in Oxymel because it not onely killeth Worms but purgeth Phlegm and corrupted
examine the man and see if the fault be not in him It is known thus if the man be unable to raise his yard if he want Sperm if he hath a swelling in his Stones or if he have the Running of the Reins he is not fit for Venus School If the man be of an effeminate Spirit if he hath no Beard if he be long casting forth his Seed and taketh little delight in the act and the Woman in the act feeleth his Seed cold be sure the man is unfruitfull Or Causes which may make the Seed unfruitfull have preceded Prog These that conceave not by reason of tendernesse of age have great hopes to live to have better successe but if she live above forty and never conceaved she hath little reason to hope If Barrenness be caused by Fatnesse or any Distemper or Disease whatsoever if the Woman can procure Leannesse or have her Distemper removed she may conceave But if Barrennesse be caused by evill shape of the Members it is likely to continue In the cure you must endeavour that whatsoever hindereth may be removed If tendernesse of age be the cause let her wait the time in the mean while let her refuse carnall Embracements lest her genitall Members be spoiled If it be caused by Age that is incurable by weaknesse of Nature you may endeavour to strengthen the Body and revive the Spirits but it is difficult If the Body be too corpulent or too manly you must extenuate moisten and cool If any Distemper of the Womb hinder Conception labour to remove the Distemper If a hot Distemper be the cause cure it as a hot Distemper of the Liver If drinesse be the cause use a restorative Diet such as is prescribed in the Chapter Of the Hectick Feaver If it be caused hy Witch-craft next to fervent and devout prayers to god and a confident despising and slighting of Charmes and Witch-crafts let the Woman wear the Pizzle of a Wolf about her or the Adamant or Hyacinth Stone which are much commended against Fascination likewise Sea Onions Sea Holly Sagapenum Rue and St John's W●rt which some call the Divell driver are of great efficacy But for the most part a cold and moist Distemper of the Womb and of the Body being accompanied with the Whites is the cause whose particular cure you may find in its proper Chapter You must purge the cold phlegmatick Humours you must make Issues in the Arm Neck or Thighs and give such things as strengthen the Womb. Some things there are which have a peculiar virtue to cause Faecundity and remove Barrennesse viz. the After-Birth of a Woman dried and beaten to powder and given to the quantity of a Drachm The Stones of a Bore pig and the Liver which was farrowed alone without any more in that Litter Half a pint of the Juyce of Sage taken a quarter of an hour before the Woman enjoy her Husband it is best for her to take it soon after she hath had her monthly Purgation Rejecting the multiplicity of Medicines which I might here insert I shall content my self and the Reader with one or two of the best of them and first an excellent Electuary may be made thus Take of the Roots of Eringo and Dogs Stones called Satyrion candied or preserved of each one Ounce Green Ginger candied half an Ounce Pine and Filbert kernells and Pistachios of each six Drachms one preserved Nutmeg the Seeds of Rocket and Water-cresses of each two Drachms Ashes of a Bulls Pizzle the Reins of the Sea Scinkos and Shavings of Ivory of each one Drachm Confection of Alchermes three Drachms the Powders Diambra and Diamoshe Dulce of each one Ounce and an half Ambergreese half a Drachm with Sirrup of preserved Citrons make an Electuary and let the Woman take the quantity of a Chesnut to Bedward twice or thrice in a week and drink a glasse of Sack after it Quercetanus doth much commend this Decoction following Take of the Stones of a Ram prepared with Wine and dryed the Matrix of a Hare prepared in the same manner Mace Cinnamon Cloves white Ginger and Seeds of Ammeos of each two Drachms Saffron a Drachm and an half Hazell-Nut kernells and Pistachios of each three Drachms boil them in a quart of Muscadine till a third part be consumed let her take three or four Ounces of it for three dayes together three houres before Meat then let her upon the fourth day have Geniall Embracements with her Husband Likewise externall Medicines as Pessaries Injections Fumigations such as have power to cleanse dry and strengthen the Womb may be applyed the afore-going Chapters will direct you CHAP. LXXX Of Miscarriage ABortion or Miscarriage is the bringing forth of a Child either dead or alive having not attained to the just Term of growth which it ought to have had The Causes are either externall or internall the externall causes do either kill the Child deprive it of its naturall Nourishment or loosen the bands by which the Child is fastened in the Womb. Things that kill the Child are the Stink of a Candle or such abominable Smells such things as are antipatheticall to the Womb and provoke the Courses strong purges or the Child may be killed by violent Commotions of the Mind as Anger Sadnesse Terror c. and many times things longed for and not obtained kill the Child If the Mother undergo Penury or Famine or lose much Blood the Child wanteth Nourishment The Bands by which the Child is fastened to the Womb may be loosned by violent Excercise dancing running riding being jumbled in a Cart or Coach by some fall lifting or carrying any thing which causeth a violent motion of the Belly as Coughing Sneezing Vomiting Convulsions c. or immoderate Copulation Internall causes of Abortion may be attributed to the Humours to the Child to the Womb. Humours offend in excesse or defect in excesse in a plethorick and full constitution when more Blood flows to the Womb then is requisite to nourish the Child and flows to the Veins so the Courses flowing provoke the expulsive Faculty and drive forth the Child Defect of Humours fit to nourish spring from such causes which destroy the Nourishment or draw it from the Child as long fasting loathing and vomiting up of all Food immoderate bleeding at the Nose Womb or Haemorhoids or a Loosenesse or any thing that makes the Body lean or weak The causes attributed to the Child are if the Child be over great if there be more then one for the womb overladen doth exclude the Child before the fit time likewise if the Child be dead Nature desires to be rid of it In respect of the Womb if it be any way diseased or defective that it cannot open as the Child groweth bigger or if it be moist or slack it cannot contain the Child but Abortion must necessarily follow Abortion when it happens is known there are signs preceding it which do foretell Abortion to follow her Breasts grow
and speak comfortably to him Let no unseemly action nor uncivil word proceed from him Let him not forsake his Patient for any cause whatsoever Let him consult with God in the beginning of all his cures and heartily give God thanks for the performance of them Let him love godliness and honesty and be an unblameable servant to God and Nature These are the principal and chief Characters by which every diseased man may make choice of his Physician of whom I shall say with the learned Fernelius Medicus remedia confert non solum ut naturae minister fed interdum ut adjutor interdum etiam ut opifex primarius A Physician doth cure not only as Natures servant but sometimes us her helper yea sometimes as the chief workman I shall not build my discourse Theorically but Practically and having in the former Book briefly desctibed the principal parts of man and the humane faculties and virtues thereon depending I shall in this Book declare the Causes Symptoms and Cures of Diseases in those parts which hinder them in the exercise of those humane faculties I shall treat of each disease simply and distinctly and leave this Aphorism to the consideration of the ingenious Simplex affectus simplici remedio compositus composito propellendus A simple Disease is removed by a simple remedy a compound Disease is expelled by compound Medicines CHAP. II. Of Diseases of the Head MAny Diseases are incident to the Head of Man I shall treat of them in order according to the places which they possesse which I shall devide into three parts First the Membranes Secondly the substance of the Brain Thirdly the Nerves which nourish the Brain The Membranes is the first pannicle within the Skull called Dura Mater or without the Skull called Pericranium which are subject to these Diseases viz. the Head-ach the inveterate Head-ach and the Megrim In the substance of the Brain which is the seat and instrument of the intellectual faculties of the Soul viz. imaginations judgment and memory are defects also viz. the depravation of those faculties as a Frensie Melancholy and Madnesse Sleepy Disease Lethargy The Ventricles of the brain are subject to many distempers as Vertigo Falling sicknesse the night Mare the Apoplexy Palsy Convulsion trembling and quaking and Catarrhs Of inveterate Head-ach ●…d the Megrim The inveterate Head-ach is called in Greek and Latine Cephalaea it is a disease of long continuance very painful and upon every light occasion invadeth the Patient with sharp fits that he cannot indure noise nor light but desireth to lye still in the dark sometime this Disease is with continuance and sometimes with intermission The Cause This Disease is caused through blood or other humors abounding or by sharp humors or vapours within or without the Scull inflaming the Head sometimes weaknesse of the Head is the Cause The Sign If fulnesse of humors be the cause of the Disease then is the Head very heavy and lumpish if the humors be sharp the pain is felt with pricking shooting if there be inflammation the Head worketh like the Pulses if wind be the peccant cause there is found distention or stretching out without heaviness or beating if two or more of these Symptomes appear together judge accordingly Note that if the pain be felt superficially or outwardly than is the perieranium grieved If it be felt within which is known by the pain at the roots of the Eys then is the grief within the Dura Mater Hemicrania or the Megrim differeth not from Cephalaea saving if in the Megrim one half of the Head is afflicted whereas in the other the whole Head by the aforegoing Symptoms you may discover the humour offending The Cure As there are diversity of Causes so there is of Cures If the Disease be ingendred of plenitude of humors and the whole boy app●…●…ll it is not amiss to begin the cure with the evacu●… of the whole body and if age strength and the season consent open the Gephalick or head Vein If flegmatick and viscuous humors be the Cause it is good to extenuate and make thin the humors thus Take of Oximel scilliticum and syrup of Staechas of each half an ounce distilled water of Marjerom Betony and Parsley an ounce mix these and make a potion for the morning Or else make a decoction in this manner Take Mint Calamint Marjerom Betony Sage of each half a handful the seeds of sweet Fennel Annis and Parstey of each half an ounce the roots of Asparagus Fennel and Parsley of each two ounces Peony root half an ounce shread the hearbs bruise the seeds slice the roots and take out the pith and boil it in a quart of water till half be consumed strein it and add of syrup of Betony compound one ounce and Oximel simplex as much and make a potion for three times take it at night two hours after a light supper the Body thus prepared you may come to purge and evacuate the peccant humours Take half a dram of Pill Cochiae the greater in the morning and keep the Chamber they which are most commendable are pills of Hiera with Agarick Take half a drachm at night two hours after a light supper take some warm broth in the morning and keep the house thus do for a week or longer in like manner you may use Pill Alephanginae and order your body as before and remember that grosse and clammy-humours will not follow a sudden purgation and therefore often purging is used that so they may be drawn out by little and little Also clisters are necessary because they cleanse the bowels and pull back those humours and vapours which ascend and annoy the head Take of Mallows Pellitorie of the Wall Endive Succorie Violet-leaves Cammomell-flowers of each one handfull sweet Fennellseed halfe an ounce Linseed Two drachmes boile them in a quart of Spring water or rather cleare posset-drink till halfe be consumed streine it out and to the decoction adde of the pulpe of Cassia Fistula one ounce Oile of Rue halfe an ounce Benedictae Laxativae half an ounce The Body being purged by discretion it is not amisse for the patient to make use of some diet drink that hath power to warme the braine to exsiccate and concoct crude humours to attenuate the grosse cut that which is tough and expell the thinnest either by Urine or insenfible transpiration You may make it thus Take of Guajacum Sassufras the Root of Salsaperilla of each two ounces English Liquoris and Cinamon of each one ounce Coriander-seed halfe an ounce infuse them 24 houres in 4 quarts of Spring-water the vessell standing in hot embers and close covered afterwards boile it gently to the consumption of halfe sweeten it with honey whilst it is hot let the Patient drink halfe a pint in the morning and dispose himself for sweat and if he drink it for his ordinary drink 15 or 20 dayes more or lesse as necessity requireth it is the better If the Patient become costive
month with Manna Syrups of Roses and Rubarb and every change of the Moon take a dose of the powder before mentioned and oftener if need require To conclude if the Disease be caused by some evill effects in the mouth of the Stomach you must labour to free the Stomach from the humours that offend For the Cure of the Vertigo I shall say nothing but refer you to those Medicines propounded for the Cure of the Falling-sicknesse and to the 2. Chapter viz. Of the cure of Cephalaea proceeding from cold crude and phlegmatick humours it being my present task only to epitomize not to write largely of the cure of Diseases CHAP. VII Of the Palsie PAralysis or the Palsie is a disease wherein the whole Body or part thereof as Atm Hand Leg or Tongue doth lose sense or motion or both Sometimes it followeth the Apoplexy Here note that the Faculty of sense and motion floweth from the Brain as from its proper fountain and is conveyed to all parts of the Body by the Sinews the proper Organs of sense and motion Hence it commeth to passe that if that faculty of the Brain be obstructed that it cannot descend to all parts that all or some of the 〈◊〉 of the Body lose either motion or sense or b●… according to the part obstructed The Causes The Palsie is caused by abundance of grosse and clammy humours which stop the sinews and hinder the animal faculty that it cannot come from the Brain or fountain to the members It may be caused by vehement cold or by some inflammation or swelling near the Back-bone or the sinews may be crushed by some binding or hurt by some wound or Ulcer or the like The Signs and Cure There need no more Signs to know this disease by than what hath been declared in the explanation of it This disease for the most part happeneth to old folk and surprizeth them in the Winter time therefore Phlebotomy for the most part is unnecessary and dangerous If plenitude of humours or blood appear open a vein on the sound side draw blood sparingly lest you cool the Body too much Let what part soever of the Body be affected yet you must not forget the Brain but you must purge corroborate and strengthen it If you find the originall of the distemper in the Brain you must apply Medicines which have power to extenuate dissolve and discusse such as are described in the second Chapter for the cure of cold and phlegmatick distempers of the Head To the purging Medicines you may add these Pillulae Fatidae de opopanace Arabicae and Trochisci Alhandall taken in a convenient quantity as you shall be instructed in the next Book and sutable to the season of the year and a●…●f your Patient Let him abstain from drinking ●f strong beer and Wine and let most of his drink be the decoction of Guiacum and the bark of the same and if you add Cephalick hearbs to these it will be the better This Decoction is commendable viz. Take of Guiacum ground two ounces of the bark of the same half an ounce the root of China and Salsaparilla of each two drachms Sasafras three drachms Lignum Aloes and Galanga of each two scruples the root of Angelica Peony and Fennel of each two drachms the seeds of Peony and sweet Fennel of each one drachm Betony ground Pine Sage of each one handfull the flowers of Lavender Rosemary Stechas and Cowslips of each one pugil Cinamons and Polipodium of the Oake of each half an ounce Infuse them in six quarts of water twenty four hours then boil it gently to the consumption of two quarts strein it and add to the decoction of brown Sugar candy and syrup of Stechas of each four ounces Let the diseased take half a pint in a morning three or four mornings as a preparative to purging you must purge once in a week with one of the aforenamed Medicines having respect to the age and strength of your Patient season of the year Or you may prepare the aforesaid water by distillation thus Take of the simples aforenamed and infuse them 24 hours in four quarts of water and two of White-wine then distill them in Balneo Mariae as you shall be taught in the fourth part of this Treatise to a pound of this distilled water add one ounce of the syrup of Staethas and a drachm of Theriaca diatessaron divide it into three parts for three mornings It is convenient to set Cupping glasses to the part affected without scarifying of it but easily drawing the humours and spirits to the place afterwards you must rub and chafe the parts it is convenient to bathe the paralytick part and cause it to sweat with the decoction of Bur root and Elder leaves hot-houses often profit much but much better it is if they can come to natural baths which proceed either from Nitrous hituminous or sulphureous Mines as the Bath of Bath You may safely Bathe two or three times in a week and afterwards annoint the Member with some convenient Liniment viz. Take of the Oyls of Foxes Castor Earth-worms and Rue of each one ounce Unguentum Nervinum and Martiatum of each half an ounce the distilled oyl of Rosemary one drachm Oyl of Spike six drops mix all these and make a soft ointment with which annoint the Back-bone and the other parts that are diseased afterwards wrap them up warm with the skin of a Fox or Hare If the Palsey be caused by an inflammation or hard swelling in any part the cure of the inflammation or swelling cures the Palsie also If bruising of the sinews by pinching or binding be the cause remove the bruised blood and the cure will ensue If the Spondills of the Back be out or broke and that cause the Palsie or Resolution the cure of the cause taketh away the effect If the Palsey ensue a wound or Ulcer in the Head Back or any particular Sinew if the Sinew be curable the Palsie ceaseth CHAP. VIII Of the Covulsion SPasmus Cramp or Convulsion is a disease when the Sinews are drawn or plucked up against a mans will Of this there are two sorts viz. a true Convulsion when there is a constant retraction of the Muscles and the Limb remains unmoveable or a convulsive motion when the retraction is every time new and the Members moved divers ways They differ likewise in their Causes for a true Convulsion proceedeth either from repletion or inanition a convulsive-motion from irritation or provocation Again they are thus divided a true Convulsion is either total by which most part of the Body is contracted or partiall by which one particular member suffereth contraction The Universal Convulsion is caused from the Brain when the Face is plucked together as well as the whole Body or from the marrow of the Back when the Muscles that move the Head and Back are drawn together A particular Convulsion is made from the contraction of the Muscle of some part comming from the
hurt of that Nerve which is ordained for his motion The immediate Causes as I said before is repletion or inanition the Nerves being too full of moisture or too dry are extended or contracted and the Muscles into which they are united are by that means drawn back to their original The mediate Causes of a Convulsion proceeding from repletion are flegm and waterish humours slowing to the Nerves stretching them in breadth must consequently make them shorter and sometimes cause an inflammation But here in the way lyeth an Objection namely why a watery humor obstructing the Nerves and the cause of the Palsie and Conuvlsion should sometimes bring one and sometimes the other the humour offending and the parts affected being one and the same The diverse opinions and long disputations of writers I shall not here repeat the difficulty of the matter having distracted them into divers opinions I shall answer the objection briefly and adhere to the most able modern Physicians and say they differ thus A Palsie is caused of a pure watery humour without mixture which softeneth the Nerves extends them not The Convulsion is caused of the same humour but mixed with much wind by which the Nerves are stretched and the Muscles contracted to their original It is the opinion of all Physitians that wind is the cause of Convulsions and experience teacheth us that the greatest distentions are caused by wind as we see in the Dropsie Tympanites and the Chollick Sometimes an inflammation in or near the original of the Nerves may cause a contraction of those Nervous parts and the cause of this inflammation is sometimes internal as a flux of blood upon the part or external by a wound contusion or bruise The Causes of a Convulsion by emptiness are all immoderate evacuations whatsoever diseases diet and Medicines which are hot and dry A convulsive motion is caused by humours or vapours which are full of Acrimony or Malignancy and it sometimes so happeneth in malignant Feavers and Diseases of choller occupying the Head or Stomach From what hath been said it is easie to know a Convulsion proceeding from fulnesse or emptinesse or convulsive motion A Convulsion near the Brain is dangerous in the Muscles of the brest gives fear of suffocation If it come after bleeding or purging it is deadly So is a Convulsion following a Frensie A Convulsion coming upon a Fever shews malignant matter which ends in death but if a Feaver follow a Convulsion it taketh away its cause The cure of this disease is as various as the cause The Convulsion caused by emptinesse requires moystening medicines both internall and externall This disease seldome happening and almost if not altogether incurable I shall say nothing of it A Convulsion comming of repletion or fullnesse must be cured by evacuation of the pecant humours if you see occasion make use of Phlebotomie and purge the humours with medicines agreeable to the age and strength of your Patient and somtimes with sharp Clysters such as are described in the fifth Chapter If you see it not convenient to let blood apply Cupping-glasses alwaies above the parts grieved that so the humours may be brought back to their originall that is to say if the Convulsion or Cramp be in the Leggs apply them to the Buttocks and Loines observe the same rule where ever it be The part affected ought to be chafed with oyles and oyntments sutable to such a distemper viz. the oyles of Rue Camomill Dill Spike the oyle of Foxes c the oyntments of Marsh-Mallows Martiatum Nervinum to which may be added the Mucilage of Briony with which you may make convenient Liniments to anoint the parts affected and the root of the Nerve which comes to it Ducks o● Goose-grease prepared in manner following is much commended viz. Take a fat Duck or Goose pluck it and draw it then fill it with these things following viz. of Sage Marjerome and Staechas of each one handfull Gum Ammoniacum and Bdellium of each one ounce Calamus Aromaticus Nutmegs Mace and Cloves of each half an ounce beat them in a Morter moystening them with oyle of Earth-wormes after sew them into the belly of a Goose or Duck spit it and roast it receiving the dripping in a pan half full of Vinegar and anoynt therewith Or you may make it stronger thus Take of the aforesaid dripping six ounces The Chimicall oyles of wax Nutmegs and Sage of each two drachms mix it and make a Liniment when you have anoynted the part affected cover it with a hot sheeps skin a Hares or Foxes skin To put the part affected into an Oxe or Sheeps belly or any other newly killed or to apply the Lungs of a Sheep yong Pidgeons Whelps or Chickens slit in the middle is much commended and hath been successefully proved For those that are thus affected it is very good to bathe themselves in the Bath of Bath or such like proceeding from a sulphureous Mine If you cannot conveniently come to this Bath you must make a Bath with thesethings following Of Marsh-mallow roots and Lillys of each two pound Of the leaves of Penniroyall Lawrell Rue Marjerome St. Johns wort Violets Mallows Sage and Wormwood of each two handfulls Linseeds and Fenugreek of each one pound boyle all these in water sufficient to make a bath and let the party diseased sit therein not too long but let him come out as soone as he finds ease If you dare venture to be at the cost make your bath with oyle boyling a Fox therein together with the aforesaid hearbs you may purge the head with sternutations Gargarisms and such medicines as you may find in the second Chapter for the cure of a cold Phlegmatick distemper of the braine and it is good to soment the hinder part of the head and neck with hot Aqua Vitae The infusion of Castor or the Spirit of the same the dose is a drachme or halfe a drachme according to the age or strength of the Patient Mathiolus his Bezoar water the like dose the compound water of Peony give these mixed with other cooler medicines The syrrup of Peony compound Diamoschu dulce Diacorum diatessaron are much commended for the cure of this disease I might adde variety of medicines for the cure of this distemper but what I have said I hope is sufficient to give light to the ingenious searching Spirits CHAP. IX Of a Catarrh or Desluxion A Catarrh is a Desluxion of excrementitious humours from the head into the inferiour parts The braine requiring much nourishment must necessarily void much excrements which if they are in quantity moderate and naturall they are received into the fore-Ventricles and conveid to the moist gladules and spit out from the Palat If it grow more plentifull yet naturall it is dispersed through the films of the brain and sent forth by the Nostrill as well as the Palat. But when the brain is weak and affected with distempers and receiveth more nourishment then it can concoct it aboundeth
of the eye looketh wider blacker and dimmer the difference of causes is thus known If the cause be blood or choler some inflammation impostume or wound in the head hath gone before If the Nerves are compressed by Flegme gathered about the roots of the eyes all or most of the head is affected and the other senses are hurt but if it be obstruction of the Optick Nerves the eye is onely affected or the fore-part of the head about the eye-hrows beareth part of the affliction If the Disease proceed from an obstruction in the Optick Nerves and the sight be totally lost for the most part the Disease is incurable but if the obstruction be imperfect that is to say the sight much diminished and the Patient not totally blind then there is hope of recovery If it happen by humours gathered into the fore-part of the head compressing the Nerves it is curable For the Cure the head must be cleansed by medicines which effectually purge those humours which compress or obstruct the Nerves but remember that as you cannot free the Nerves without purging the whole head so you cannot cleanse the head without purging the whole body It is good that the Patient avoid a thick cold cloudy and moist ayr and frequent the contrary Let him eschew all meats that are gross or yield a gross juyce such as are windy hot spices or whatever fills the head with vapours It is good to put the seed of Fenel into his bread Let his meat for his sauce be extenuating as Betony Eyebright Fenel Hysop Marjarom Sage Nutmeg also doth much comfort the brain and clears the sight as 't is generally believed Let the aforesaid hearbs likewise be boiled in his broth Lettice and such ilke cold herbs are very hurtful Turneps are highly commended and 't is proved they clear the sight being often eaten Pidgeons Sparrows and such like Fowls are said to be a good food for such who are thus diseased Let him eat no Supper if he eat any let it be light and not too late Then let him make use of this Diet-drink following Take of Bettony Eyebright Celandine the great Fenel Balm Marjarom Sage and Vervain of each two handfuls the roots of Elecompane Fenel Flowerdeluce Liquoris and Sawsaparilla sliced of each one handful the Seeds of Coriander Anice and Fenel of each one ounce the slowers of Ros-mary and Lavender of each a handful Raisons of the Sun stoned and blew Figs sliced of each a pound Senna two ounces Let all these be infused six hours in a sufficient quantity of Wort upon hot Embers then tunned up in four gallons of Newbear let them work together Let the Patient drink a draught every morning till the Cure be perfected unless some other medicine intervene You must purge the body often as you see cause either with gentle or stronger purges let them be Pills and such as purge the humour oftending of which you shall have a particular account in the fourth book If your Patient be not old and you finde blood abound you may open a vein the opening of the particular veins of the head especially those that are nearest the eyes have often proved successful because the veins by reason of their fulness of blood have compressed the Optick Nerves Sometimes the application of Cupping-glasses Vesicatories and Cauteries to the hinder part of the head or neck to the shoulders or back have been attended with admirable success After due evacuation it is convenient to dry up the humours by a sudorifick Diet-drink made and used as is described in the second Chapter adding such hearbs as have a special property to cure the eyes viz. Celandine Ey-bright Fennel and Vervain If you see occasion to dry up the moist humours of the head make use of such powders bags and caps prescribed in the fore-poing Chapters Also sulphurous and Bituminous Bathes profit much The Glossie and Crystalline humours of the Eye are subject to infirmities and disorder the first is subject to a mixture with other humours and this Disease is hard to discover but must be cured by cleansing the head and optick nerves and repelling and discussing the humour which mixeth with the vitrous humour and maketh it dusky This humour also may be disordered in respect of its scituation when it is brought before the Crystalline and so diminisheth the sight This Disease is hardly distinguished from a Cataract onely it differeth in the cause for a Cataract cometh by a defluxion of humour this from a blow or contusion and is uncurable sometimes it happeneth that Nature works a cure and reduceth it to its place again but no man as yet can imitate her therefore we leave the business to her disposing The Crystalline humour is the chief instrument of sight and if any defect happen to it that it be not pure nor perspicuous the visive spirits cannot exercise their office This humour doth often suffer prejudice through some drying and condensing cause as it often happens to ancient people where the aforesaid cause changeth the Crystaline humour to redness The sign of this Disease is a thick White about the sight of the Eye and every object appeareth to the Patient as through a Cloud It is called Glaucoma and differeth from a Cataract in this viz. a Cataract lyeth in the Pupilla or sight near Cornea but Glaucoma lyeth much deeper and is uncurable especially in old people Somtimes the Crystalline humour is displaced that it lyeth not directly against the Pupilla sometimes it lyeth too high and sometimes too low and if one eye suffer all things seem double sometimes vapours and water divide the visive humours and causeth the objects to be received into two places Sometimes the Crystalline humour is removed and brought nearer to the Pupilla and things that are near are not so easily seen as things farther of But if it be removed backward things near are plainly seen but not afar of the use of Spectacles are profitable in this case Sometimes the Crystalline humour lyeth to the right or to the left side so that more White appeareth on one side then on the other and this we call Strabismus or Squinting this also is uncurable unless it happeneth that the muscles of the eyes be displaced by convulsion or palsie for if it so happeneth it is uncurable Sometimes there happeneth an inversion of the Crystalline humour so that the objects seem soulded or crooked But these Diseases being uncurable by medicines I shall prescribe none CHAP. XI Of a Cataract A Cataract is caused or bred by a distemper of the watry humour of the eye which distemper is in quantity or quality if in quantity it causeth a dilatation of the Pupilla of which I shall speak in the next Chapter If the distemper be in quality it proceeds from a mixture of excrementitious humours with the watry humour In the beginning of this distemper the sight being a little darkened it is called Suffusion but when it is gathered about
greater Celandine six ounces Crocus Metallorum one drachm infuse it in the same water and drop two or three drops into the eye three or four times a day as long as need requireth I could insert many more Receipts of Learned and able men but I fear my Book will swell too big I shall onely insert the Ointment of Zacutus Lasitanas which he commends for drying and purging the moiffure flowing into the eyes Take of the Oyl of Roses three ounces white Rose-water nine ounces Camphire one drachm Tutty one scruple Honey two ounces the Gall of a Goat half an ounce Lupin meat half a drachm Aloes Succotrine one dram Sugar-candy half a drachm the juyce of Horehound Fennel and Rue of each half an ounce Mirrh one scruple Ammoniacum half a drachm Saicocol one dram and a half Pouder them that are to be poudered mixe them and boil them a little with a gentle fire and with the grease of a Goat or Sheep and a little Wax make an Ointment accorbing to Art anoint the Eye-brows twice in a day three hours after meat which will purg plenty of water out of the head through the corner of the eye When you have finished your Cure whether by M●…es 〈◊〉 by the Needle you must keep your Patient 〈…〉 of Physick for fear of a Relapse and administer such things as threaten the head and eyes and hinder defluxion It is good to wash the head and eyes every morning with white wine wherein hath he en infused sweet Fennel seed in pouder till they smart but for other medicines to strengthen the head and eyes I refer you to the preceding Chapter CHAP. XII Of the enlarging and dilating of the straitening or contracting of the Pupilla THis Disease is called in Greek Mydriasis because too much light going in hurteth the sight hence it is that those that are thus distempered see better in a darkish place than in the light And this may be demonstrated by the natural change of the Pupilla in sound eyes in bright and obscure places For when a man is in a bright and clear place the Pupilla is contracted and made less lest the light going in too fast should dissipate the spirits so that a man going suddenly out of a very light place into a house or place more obscure at the first entry he seeth almost nothing at all the Pupilla being so lately contracted he remaining in the same place the Pupilla is soon dilated or enlarged to receive more light and then he seeth perfectly those things which before he could not Then if he go out suddenly into a very light place his eyes are dazled and he seeth not perfectly because the Pupilla is enlarged and the Light going in so fast doth dissipate and dispierse the Visive Spirits Hence you perceive that the Light ought to pass into the Eye in a moderate quantity and the Pupilla ought to be of a moderate size Hence Galen observes that they who are born with narrow Pupillas see best The Pupilla is enlarged or contracted by dryness or repletion It is enlarged by dryness which stretcheth the Uvea which maketh the form of the Pupilla larger as Leather being pierced when it is dry the hole is larger and this proceeds from Feavers and such drying Diseases which are attended with want of sleep So may the Pupilla be straitned by dryness when the Tunicle Uvea by reason of the diminishing of the humours of the Eye loseth its former extension falls together and is wrinkled and so the hole of the Pupilla is made streighter whereas in the former the Tunicle though dry holdeth its extension It is made larger also by repletion namely by vapours or wind sent unto the Eye or by the extraordinary flowing of the watry and other humours to the eye or by the swelling of Uvea it self it is distended and the Pupilla made larger So the same watry humour may work a contrary effect namely by relaxing the same Tunicle and by that means making the hole streighter The Pupilla is inlarged sometimes by Convulsion as may be seen by some Epileptick Children Sometimes a stroak or fall may cause a deflaxion into the eyes hence comes extension retension of the Spirits causeth wind and humours and that causeth distension of the Pupilla and sometimes the Pupilla is made streighter by reason of the want of the visive spirits to extend the Tunicles for want of which they are relaxed and fall together as may be seen in old men These Diseases though they are contrary yet are to be cured by the same medicines remember this that if these Diseases be of long continuance and in ancient people they are without doubt incurable But if the Patient be young and the Disease of no long continuance you must proceed with this consideration that the cure must be varied according to the variety of causes If it proceed from dryness you must refresh the body with medicines which are moist and restaurative and such you shall finde in the cure of the Hective Feaver If it comes from a humour filling the Eye you must purge and cleanse the head and whole body of that humour as you are taught in the cure of a Cataract If from Wind after due Evacuations you must labour to discuss the Wind with the decoction of Fennel Rue Dill Cammomel Red-Roses made in Red Rose Water and White-Wine and the Eyes fomented therewith If there be occasion for Astriagent Medicines to bring the Pupilla being enlarged to its former state make use of this following taught by Ryverius Take of Red-Roses dryed two Scruples Saffron Spicknard and the Bark of Frankinsense tree of each half a scruple Tutty prepared Burnt-Ivory and Acatia of each one scruple make them into fine pouder and tie it up in a fine linnen rag and hang it in three ounces of Red Rose water woen you have occasion to use it squeez the cloaih and drop the water into the eyes and wash them therewith If a blow in the eye causeth an inflammation cure it as the inflammation of the eye but if by the blow the Pupilla be enlarged without inflammation drop in a drop or two of Pidgeons blood and apply a Cataplasme made with Bean-flower and Red-Roses juyce of Plantane and Red-rose water CHAP. XIII Of the Pin and Web. THE Tunicle called Cornea sometimes loseth its colour and brightness somtimes it grows thick by driness as in old men and is incurable Sometimes gross humours are fastened to it by reason of inflamation Sometimes by resolving Medicines the thinner humours are dissolved and the thicker remain or by the use of cold medicines the humours are thickned and a white humour is contracted which is called by some Leucona by others Albugo commonly a Pin and Web. Sometimes it comes from a Sear after an Ulcer and so the Cornea loseth its transparentress Sometimes the Eye is bloud-shod and that spoileth the natural colour of the Cornea and this is called
Sugillatio Sometimes the Cornea is made yellow by the Jaundise All these Diseases are easily discovered and their causes are laid down in the Description That which cometh after a Wound or Ulcer and is a Scar is not easily cured But the cure of the Pin and Web consists in Emollients attenuating and discussing medicines But the Antecedent cause must first be removed by universal evacuations such as are described in the 10. and 11. Chapters Then you must soften the hard matter with the decoction of Fenugreek Mallows Melilot Celendine Fenel and the like Then let a Child chew sweet Fenel-seed and afterwards liek the eye or make a Water thus Take of Honey a pint the juyce of Fenel-Brooklime and Celendine of each half a pint Sugar-candy dissolved in the juyces an ounce with the natural Balsome a scruple clarifie them together or distil them in Balneo Mariae and drop it into the eye The seed of Oculus Christi put into the eye is good If it be a scar after the use of the former medicines use the Water of Honey afterwards put a quantity of the Gall of an Ox to the Juyces before spoken of and thicken it with Gum-Traganth If the Eye be blood-shod and yieldeth not to the fore-going medicine you must seek its cure in the Chapter of the Cataract As for the yellowness of the Eyes caused by the Jaundise take away the cause and the effect ceaseth CHAP. XIV Of the Inflammation of the Eyes THis Disease is called Ophthalmia which is an inflammation of the Tunicle Adnata and is sometimes extended to the Cornea By the Latines it is called Lippitudo bloodshontess This Disease is divided into three kinds the first is called Taraxis by the Greeks and by the Latines Conturbatio and it cometh from an external cause viz. the Sun Smoke Oyl Dust or the like If it comes from an internal cause namely from distempers of the stomach it is called Phlogosis and is a light inflammation but is the Original of the true Ophthaliny which always proceeds from an internal cause accompanied with tumour redness and pain and a thick Exerement called Lippa from whence the Latines call it Lippitudo or bloodshotness The third sort is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in in Latine also Chimosis this is attended with vehement pain and the eye-lids are so inverted that they can scarcely cover the eye the red covereth most part of the Iris and it proceedeth from repletion and flegmy humours I might here shew you how Hippocrates hath divided these Diseases namely a moist and dry Ophthalmy the moist I have already spoken of the dry he calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it wanteth humidity and proceedeth from Choler and adust Melaneholy there are other subdivisions if there be itching joyned with it he calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and if it come with hardness of the eye-lids 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Galen mentions another which he calleth Ophthalmia Tabida which ends with a Consumption and loss of the eye this happeneth to them who have moist heads and weak eyes sit to receive a defluxion The immediate causes are defluxion or congestion and sometimes both The defluxion cometh from the head either by the internal veins which comes from the brain under the skull or by the external veins which come from the Pericranium to the Eyes These signs demonstrate the Disease and the cause thereof if redness appear without swelling it is a Cont●rbation If swelling heat and tears be joyned to the redness then is it a perfect Ophthalmy but if it cover the black of the eye and invert the eye-lids then it is called Chimosis If blood abound and cause the distemper the eye and face will be red and the veins swelled If Choler be the cause the Patient feeleth a pricking pain sharp tears which corrode the cheeks and corners of the eyes If it proceed from Flegme the pain is heavy many sl●my and glutin●…tious tears If Melancholy cause the grief the tumour is but small the colour of a dusky redness few tears the humour thick the constitution of the Patient melancholy If the defluxion come from the internal parts of the head the pain will be felt inwardly and about the roots of the eyes if through the exterior vessels the contrary signs appear the veins of the forehead are distended and there is much shooting about the Temples For the cure the external causes must be removed the antecedent causes evacuated revelled and repelled the conjunct cause derived and discussed and the parts affected strengthned Let the Patient observe an orderly and temperate Diet and eat such things that are of easie disgesture let him avoid all sharp and salt things and such as fume up to the head and such things as breed Choler Let him abstain from strong drink let most of his drink be Barley water Let him avoid all motion let him lie still as long as he is able and sleep as long as he can Let him keep his eyes shut and what ever you do endeavour to keep his body soluble Phlebotomy for the most part is convenient but let it be regulated and moderated according to the constitution strength age and sex of your Patient and nature of the Disease If the body be Plethorick and the Disease hath its original from blood you must take away the greater quantity for Galen in his book de curat per sang mis reiateth how one was cured of an Ophthalmy by bloed-letting first three pound and four hours after one pound understand this onely in the case before mentioned though I could instance many cases more cited by eminent Authors and Fathers of Physick yet let this serve for all to avoid prolixity If onely one eye be affected bleed your Patient on the contrary side If you finde a stoppage of any accustomed evacuations viz. the Terms or Hemorroid veins if the first be stopped open the Saphaena if the other bleed them with Leeches To make revulsion some do apply Cupping-glasses to the shoulders and back others open the veins of the head and temples sometimes the veins or the corners of the eyes and behind the ears and some bleed these veins by Leeches all which are very profitable for derivation When you have bled and made sufficient revulsion you must purge the humour that offendeth and causeth the blood to be inflamed but first let the humours be prepared then purge gently and often and if you see occasion after all this you may purge more strongly Prepare the humours thus Take of Endive Succory and Fumitory of each one handful Red. Rose leaves one ounce of the greater Cold-seeds half an ounce Of Lettice and Poppy-seeds of each two scruples boil them in a quart of Spring water to the consumption of half shrein it and with Sirrup of Violets two ounces and Sirrup of Fumitory one ounce make a Julep for three potions afterwards you must administer such medicines as have power gently to carry away the peccant
humours Take of Cassia newly drawn one ounce and a half Manna dissolved in Rose-water an ounce Catholicon half an ounce Powder of Rubarb two drachms with Sugar sufficient make a Bolus for three times If the body be slagmatick purge with pills of Agarick or Lucis Majores but take this caution along with you that you administer no strong purgation in this distemper without the advice of an able Physition After sufficient Evacuations you may profirably apply a Cataplasme to the forehead and temples that hath an astringent power by which the humours flowing to the eyes may be stopt Take of Bolearmonick Mastich Frankinsence Sanguis Draconis and Wheat-flower of each one drachm the powder of Lentils and Red-Roses of each two seruples with the White of an egge juyce of Nettles Vinegar of Roses of each a like quantity sufficient to make a Cataplasme An Apple roasted with Frankincense and Mastick in it moisten it with the White of an Egg beaten to water and as much of a sound womans breast-milk make a Cataplasme and apply it to the eye or with crums of bread and womans milk with a little Rose water you may make a convenient Cataplasme Then you must prepare Collyries Unguents and Fomentations which must be used with discretion and varied as the pain or inflammation increaseth or decreaseth or as the humours are discussed or fixed c. out of the multiplicity of such medicines I shal insert a few and but a few for brevities sake Take the Salt of Lead one scruple Sal-Armoniack six grains Rose-water and Plantine-water of each three ounces the White of an egge beaten to water one ounce let them be mixed therein and the Salts well dissolved drop a little into the eye morning and evening Quercetan commends the infusion of Crocus Metallorum made in Eye-bright and Fenel-water and used as before Paenotus his Ointment is very good in these ocular inflmamations and the way to prepare it is thus Take of Tutry prepared an ounce and a half Camphire one drachm Verdegreece 12. grains beat the Tutty and the Camphire together in a morter into fine powder likewise the Verdegreece by it self then take of fresh butter or May butter if you can have it one ounce Rosewater one drachm boil them gently together then take them from the fire first put in the Camphire and Tutty then the Verdegreece by degrees stir them well together and strein them through a piece of Sarsenet put it into a glass and keep it for your use anoint the inside of the eye-lids especially about the corners and you shal find ease whether it be a moist or dry inflamation If you make an Ointment of fresh butter and juyce of Tobacco you may do wonders in this case but you must onely anoint the outside of the eye lids In the declination of the Disease you may make a fomentation which hath a power to discusse and resolve of the decoction of Camomel Melliot Roses Eyebright and Marjerom and with clothes foment the eyes If the Disease hath its original from a flegmatick humour your resolvents must be the stronger Baths also the drinking of Wine hath been approved and much commended by Galen and Hippocrates as a means to extenuate dissolve diffuse and discuss the thick humours gathered in the eyes and to open obstructions If you find that the Ophthalmy is caused by defects of the brain by defluxion or a hot distemper of the Liver then labour first to remove the cause as the several Chapters thereof entreating will instruct you Sometimes if the humour cannot be resolved there is a suppuration and an Ulcer sometimes followeth it and sometimes matter gathereth under the Cornea this is called Hypopye this cometh also sometimes by a contusion sometimes it covereth the Pupilla and sometimes compasseth the Circle of the eye and is like a mans nail Hence the Greeks call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This Disease is known by the inflamation going before the matter is white under the Cornea and when the eye is moved it hath a motion For the cure of this you must if any of the inflamation remain use the aforegoing medicines afterwards do as you are taught in the cure of a Cataract Sometimes not onely in the Cornea but also in the Adnata little blisters do arise like little bubbles like Pearls or Grumwel seed it hath its original from a sharp and watry humour it is called Phlyctaenae in the Adnata they are red in the Cornea white within but if they be on the outside they are black They which are in Cornea are more dangerous then those that are in Adnata and the more superficial they are the less is the danger The cure consisteth in the resolving the matter conjoyned and averting of the antecedent cause labour to prevent a Suppuration lest an Ulcer follow For the particular cure of this Disease you must use those medicines proper for the cure of the Ophthalmy After an Ophthalmy and blisters in the eyes ulcers sometimes happen in the aforesaid Tunicles when the humours there gathered or the blisters come to suppuration and sometimes they follow sharp corroding and watty humours flowing into the eys Some of them are superficial or profound broad or narrow A hollow narrow and hard Ulcer is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fossula or a little Ditch An Ulcer that is broad and not so deep is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that which cometh in the Circle of the eye is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Ulcus coronale They that are deep solid hard and crusty are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 If the Ulcer be in the Cornea there will be a small white blemish in the black of the eye If it be in the Adnata there will be a small red blemish in the white of the eye because the Adnata is full of blood All Ulcers in the eyes are dangerous and hard to cure but more in the Cornea than in the Adnata If it happen in the pilla though it be cured it much prejudiceth the sight because it leaveth a scar which hindereth the perspicuity of the Cornea For the Cure you must use such medicines as dry and cleanse moderately such as asswage pain and revel and restrain the humours flowing upon the eyes You can scarcely read thus far and be ignorant of particular medicines yet for the benefit of the unskilful I shall insert one or two Take an egg boiled hard pilled and cut in two pieces take out the yolk and fill the hollow with Sugar-candy and Mirth in Powder tie them last and hang them up in a Cellar and a Water will drop from it which is good to cleanse the eye without pain the water of honey distilled hath been found very effectual But if these medicines are not strong enough do as followeth Take of Plantane Vervane and White rose water of each one ounce honey two ounces the Whites of ten new
consolidated the Fistula in a very short time After this Lachrymal Fistula there followeth a consuming and diminishing of the Caruncle in the corner of the Eye sometimes it also happeneth by a sharp humour falling down thither and sometimes by cleasing medicines applyed without discretion this Disease is called Rhyas there is another Disease conrrary to this which is an immoderate growth and increase of the flesh in the corner of the eye which proceedeth sometimes for want of orderly drying up of the Ulcer and sometimes by a defluxion of bloud to the part and this is called Enchanthis For the cute of the first you must perform it by Incarnative Medicines Take of Aloes Borax Frankincense Dragons Bloud Cypress Nuts and Mprtles of each one dragm the flowers of Pomegranates Red Roses and Comfrey of each two scruples theseeds of Sumach on scruple Let them be boiled in old Canary and Plantane and Rose-water of each half a pint to the consumption of half and with this Collyrie often wash the part affected the other you must cure by taking away the superfluous flesh with eating medicines as Burnt Allum Burnt Vtriol Unguentum Aegyptiatum or Apostolorum or you must cut it off and burn it with an Iron But proceed which way you will you must not forget convenient Evacuations for fear of a defluxion and you must beware least you take it not away too near least it turn to Rhyas There is also a defluxion of Rhenm issuing out of du the corners of the Eyes and is called involuntary weeping and by some Epiphora for the producing of this Disease there is an indisposition in the part sending and the part receiving the part sending is the brain which being too hot or too cold attracteth a watery humour and sendeth it to the inferiour parts By the weakness thinness thickness of the Caruncle in the corner of the Eye it is made uncapable to resist such a defluxion which often happeneth in the three fore-mentioned Diseases This defluxion is conveighed sometimes by the external and sometimes by the internal veins Sometimes the defluxion is hot and sometimes cold If it be conveighed by the external veins the veins of the Forehead and Temples are distended and the pain is felt without the Skull if internally the pain is felt contrarily If the humour be hot it causeth the more pain heat redness and exulceration of the eye-brows follow If this Disease cometh from an outward cause if it hath not continued long it may be soon cured but hardly if your Patient be old If it proceed from a Lachrymal Fiflula Rhyas or Echanthis it hath its cure with those Diseases You must take away the defluxion and strengthen the part you must evacuate the humour offending by purging likewise if the body be phlethorick and nothing prohibite you may open a vein You must make revulsions of the flowing humours by Cupping Vesicatories Blisters behind the neck and Issues in the arms For derivation apply Leeches behind the ears and Masticatories in the morning strengthen the head and brain whether the humour be hot or cold the Chap. of the Catarrh and of the coldest distempers of the brain will particularly inform you how to purge revel and derive the peccant humours and strengthen the part affected Then you must apply astringent medicines to the Fore head and temples if the humour flow through the external veins If it be a cold humour take of Frankinsence Tacamabacca and Mastich of each two drachms Terra Sigillata one drachm Mace pulverized and Juniper Gum of each two scruples Turpentine and Wax sufficient to make a Cerate for the forehead and temples But if it be a hot and sharp humour take of Endive and Knot-grass of each one handful the Root of Solomon's Seal one pound beat them well in a Stone morter and with a pint of White-Wine Vinegar let them boil till half of the Vinegar be consumed then take of Bolearmenick Sanguis Draconis Pomegranate Flowers of each two drachms Frankinsence Mastick and Red-Roses of each half a drachm pouder them and mix them with the other and make a Caraplasme to be applyed as aforesaid You must likewise apply drying and astringent medicines to the part affected Take of prepared Tutty Egg-shels Aloes Frankinsence and Mastich of each two scruples Sarcocol Sanguis Draconis and Sumach seed of each one scruple Mirrh and Spicknard of each six grains make them all into fine pouder and tie them up in a rag and steep it in white Wine Fenel Eye-bright or white Rose-water and squeez it often into the eyes These medicines prescribed for an Ophthalmy are good likewise in this distemper There is another disease appertaining to the corner of the Eye it is called by some Pterygium by other some the Haw in the Eye and by others Unguis and it is a hard and Nervous Membrane growing out of the corner of the Eye covering the white and in time the Pupilla also Somtimes it is thin and white and somtimes it is red and full of Veins It is caused by Ulceration of the Caruncle of the Eye and is bred by excrements flowing to the part as well as blood hence it cometh to passe that variety of Haws are bred according to the seeding humour and may be thus distinguished A red Haw comes of pure blood a Yellow of Choler a white of Flegme a dark and black one of Melancholly It the Eye affected grow lesse it is an evill signe and little hopes there is of recovery If you take it whilst it is new and beginning it may with difficulty be taken off by medicine but if it be far gon it must be done by Chirurgery you must Evacuate and purge the Antecedent cause as you have heard sufficiently already in the other Chapters of the diseases of the eyes and you must use the same Course of Dier Then you may make use of those Topicks spoken of in the Cure of blisters in the Eyes Take of Cuttle bone in fine powder and put it upon the Haw this I have known take the Haw from the Eye of an Horse if you mix Tutty and Vitriol to it it may prove the better I shall instance one more commended by Forestus Take of the juyce of Fennel four ounces the juyce of Celandine three ounces of Rue two ounces and of Mallows two ounces and an half Aloes one drachm Vitriol two scruples Verdegrease one scruple Ginger and Cinamon of each half a scruple the Gall of an Eel half an ounce the Gall of an Oxe two drachms Sugar-Candy two scruples let the juyces boyle with the rest then clarifie it and make a Collyrium with which dresse the Eye and if this prevaile not it must be taken off by Chirurgery I shall say no more but put an end to this Chapter and the diseases of the Eyes CHAP. XVII Of the diseases of the Eares THe Eare is the Organ of hearing the most spirituall sense the agent of understanding the gate through which
science truth and virtue hath its entrance into the soul this member is subject to divers diseases Similary Organick and Common which are known and distinguished by their symptomes There is first deafnesse or dullnesse of hearing which I shall joyne because they differ only in degrees and are the same in causes I shall not spend my time to shew you the difference between deafnesse and dullnesse of hearing only declare the causes of both The first is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the other is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 both of these have their originall from a distemper of the braine The cause lyeth either in the exterior or interior cavity the exterior cavity may be obstructed or stopped by Tumor Impostume blood matter flegme or the like which may prove defective to the hearing but this cause cannot make an absolute deafnesse because there is an open way from the interiour eavity to the Pallat by which the sound is carryed as you may observe by those that are hard of hearing for they are subject to hold open their mouths that so they may heare the better and you may prove it by this example Hold a stick between your teeth with which strike the strings of a musicall instrument Ropping your Eares and you may heare the sound as well or better then with your open Eares The interior Cavity is somtimes obstructed by Flegmatick and Cholerick humors and somtimes by blood Somtimes humors from all parts of the body are sent to this Cavity as it happeneth somtimes in Feavers Somtimes the Tympany may be relaxed somtimes by excesse of moist humors and somtimes by some violent and suddaine noise somtimes it is stretched or dried after some violent disease accompanied with watching or fasting somtimes it may be broken by a violent motion or corroded by a sharp humor Somtimes Narcoticks administred over much somtimes a cold distemper or cold water got into the Eare or somtimes the instruments of hearing hurt by some stroke or fall or the like may be the cause of this disease Though it be hard to distinguish all these by their proper signes yet you may by Art and Conjecture come neare it If the distemper comes from a distemper of the brain either there is an appearance of some disease in the head as the Head-Ach Apoplexy c or some of the other sences are hurt If the externall Cavity of the Eares be obstructed by excrementitious humors or somthing fallen in it may be discovered by the Eye If the interior Cavity be obstructed by some humor the humor may be known by some present or preceeding disease or by the constitution of the body The loosenesse or moistnesse of the Tympane may be conjectured by some preceding moist distemper the drynesse of the same part by the drynesse of the whole body The Tympane cannot be broken unlesse there hath been some violent cause which might break it preceded If deafnesse be absolute and of long continuance or if the Patient was borne so it is incurable If it proceed from a sharp or continuall Fever the cure of the Fever is the remedy The Tympane broken the deafnesse is incurable If it increase and decrease it proceedeth from a moveable humor and is curable If it hath its originall from a distemper of the brain it is easier cured then if it comes from a proper distemper of the Eare. For the Cure you must consider what humor is the cause of the defect and you must purge the body and particularly the head you must use Revulsions as Cauteries Vesicatories Gargarisms and Masticatories to be breise these and other remedyes effectuall against this distemper may be sought out of the Chapter treating of cold distempers of the brain Sulphurous and Bituminous Baths are very profitable especially if the Patient wear a cap made of Spunge and the water pumped upon his head It is good also to make fomentations of these following hearbs viz. Mallows Marjarom Hysop Centuary Mints Camomell Rosemary Peneroyall Sage boyle them in white Wine and soment the Eare If you would have it stronger add a dram of the pulp of Coloquintida and as much white Hellebore to the fomentation a sumigation made with a Punnell of the same decoction doth wonderfully peirce the Cavity of the Eare. Or make a Loafe of bread and m●x with the meale a good quantity of Carawayseeds Bayberryes Juniper berryes Nutmegs and Cloves and when it is baked cut it in the middle and apply it hot to the Eare affected or to both if need be and if you think it not of sufficient force dip it first into the spirit of Wine this will serve instead of a somentation After which you must put some Oyle or Liquors proper to the Cure into the Eare as Oyle of Bitter Almonds Castor Rue c. The Chymicall Oyles of Rosemary Marjarom Sage Fennell Spike and Cloves which are too hot to be used alone but may with good successe be mixed with other Oyles and applyed Take the water of an Ash that runneth out at the end the other being in the fire one ounce The dripping of a silver Eel rosted upon a spit as much a fruple of any of the beforenamed Chymicall Oyles or a drachm of the other mix them and drop it into the Eare. Observe this generall rule that you drop nothing cold into the Eare and that you stop the Eare afterwards with Wooll or Cotton and a little Mu●k into it Somtimes the sense of hearing is prejudiced by a preternaturall noise in the Eares the causes of which are many but cheifly a wind or vapour sent thither from other parts or bred there It cometh from all parts of the body when it happeneth in a Fever and this according to Hippocrates is deadly Somtimes it cometh from the Stomach Liver Spleen Midriffe and Womb witnesse Vomitings Hypocondriak Melancholly and fits of the Mother which for the most part are attended with a noise in the Eares Somtimes it is caused by Flegme contained in the Eare for they that are thick of hearing are seddome free from a noise in the Head a blow great sound or an Ulcer in the head may cause a noise in the head a hot distemper in the head filleth the Arteries of the Eare with much spirit and causeth a noise If the noise hath been of long continuance it is hardly Cured if it proceed from Flegme Obstructing the passage 't is doubtfull that it will end in deafnesse If you judge it curable you may find the cure in this Chapter for it differeth not in cure from dullnesse of hearing in some Cases and agreeth with the cure of the paine of the Eares in others But this remember that if it come by consent of the Stomach Liver c take away the cause and the effect ceaseth Pain in the Eares is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is caused by cold winds cold baths or the like or by a hot distemper so it be accompanied
with a defluxion of humors otherwise heat is freindly to those Nervous and Membranous parts The cold matter which causeth pain is Flegme water or cold wind either coming from without or from some inferiour part within The hot matter is Choler or blood There may be other evident causes of pain as wounds Contusions Ulcers or breaking of an impostume or any hard or pricking thing got into the Eare. You may judge the distemper to be from cold if a cold cause hath preceded and hot medicines profit the contrary declareth a hot distemper If Flegme cause the paine the Eare and Head will be heavy some Rhume falleth upon some other part the distemper is taken in cold wether or the Patient is old If wind be the cause the paine is without heavinesse nor is it constant If water causeth the pain the Patient is troubled with a sharp defluxion upon the Teeth Eyes Breast c. If it come from Choler the paine is sharp and pricking cold things give ease the body is Cholerick c. An inflammation is accompanied with a great heating paine the parts adjacent are very red and there is joyned a Fever A wound maketh it self known by blood issuing out at the Eare and an Ulcer by filth But somtimes there issueth filth from an Impostume in the braine but this may be distinguished by Head ach preceding and other signes of Impostume the filth cometh away in great abundance at first and decreaseth by degrees If an Ulcer follow an Impostume in the Eare the symptomes of an Impostume going before declareth it If the Ulcer come by defluxion there is a burning and shooting paine and the matter issueth forth by little and constantly If the Ulcer be in the bone the matter is thin and yellow and hath continued long the deeper the Ulcer is the more matter issueth the fouler it is the more and thicker is the matter If it be Virulent the matter is thin if putrid it stinketh much if it corrode blood accompanieth the matter If it continue very long it groweth Fistulous and then the matter is Virulent and the flesh groweth hard If the distemper proceed from a cold cause with or without matter you must use the medicines prescribed for the cure of deafnesse especially fomentations and fumes with warme oyles dropt into the Eare and if it be with matter you must evacuate and purge the humor If the distemper come from a hot cause without matter use cooling Topicks If it hath a Cholerick matter you must revel the humor by Phlebotomy and with cooling drinks and Juleps allay the preternaturall heat of the Liver but this having dependancy to the diseases of the head proceding from a hot cause also to the inflammation of the Eare I leave the ingenious there to seek the Cure The inflammation of the Eare is cured by making revulsion after the administration of an Emollient Clister by blood-letting and this must be done in as great a quantity as the violentnesse of the disease requireth and the strength age and constitution of the Patient permitteth open the Head-Vein on the same side the inflammation is If the stoppage of the Termes hath been prejudiciall open the Saphaena or the Hemorrhoids if you see occasion Revulsions by frictions and ligatures of the Armes and Thighs Cupping the Shoulders and Back with or without scarifications are often successefull a Cupping-glass fixed behind the Eares with Scarification hath been attended with admirable successe and Horsleeches applyed to the same place hath been no lesse effectuall If you find the Cure difficult the opening of the Arteries in the Temples is good to prevent hot and windy bloud which doth much feed the inflammation you must often purge Choller and temper the Humours with cooling Juleps thus Take of Lettice Purflane and Sorrel Water of each two ounces the Water of Plantane and Succory of each three ounces of Syrup of Lemons two ounces the Syrup of Erratick Poppies one ounce mixe them and make a Julep take sour spoonsuls morning and evening You may foment the Ear with the decoction of cooling and piercing Hearbs and let the Patient receive the same with a Funnel then come to the use of Topicks which have power to mitigate pain thus Take of Breast milk two Ounces the Oyl of Roses and Water-Lillies of each one ounce and an half the Water of an Ashen stick before mentioned one ounce the White of an Egg beaten to water half an ounce mixe them and drop some into the Ear after you have formented and famed it If you would have it repelling add Vinegar of Roses to it but use it with moderation lest you drive the Humours to the Brain If the vehemency of the pain constrain you to make use of stupefactive Medicines mixea scruple of Opium or an ounce of Oyl of Poppy seeds with your former Medicine but be careful also in the use of this lest you offend the Brain If you see occasion for resolving Medicines the Oyls of Camomil Dill sweet Almonds and Violets all or either of them may be mixed with your aforesaid Medicine If after all this you find that the Imposthume will come to suppuration you must help Nature therein thus Take the leaves of Mallows Nightshade Camomel and Dill of each one handful bruise them well in a STONE-MORTAR boil them in a quart of milk to the consumption of half add the Musilage of Line-seed Fleabane and Fenugreek seeds of each one ounce Ducks and Hens Grease of each one ounce the Oyl of Camomel Roses and Violets of each one ounce with the crum of White Bread as much as is sufficient make a Cataplasm and apply it After the Imposthume is broken and the Matter run out you must apply cleansing Medicines viz. Mixe Barley water and Honey of Roses and drop it into the Ear. If the Humour be sharp and cause an Ulcer you must after the use of needful Purgings necessary bleeding and all requisite Evacuations make use of cleansing and drying Topicks Take of the juyce of Reets and sow-Bread of each one ounce Horehound Smallage and Wormwood of each half an ounce Myrrh and Frankincense of each half a drachm Saffron and Verdegreece of each one scruple White Wine and Honey of each four Ounces boil it and scum it till the Wine be consumed then drop of it into the Ear 2 or 3 times in a day After you have well cleansed it you must come to cicatrize it Take of the Powder of Galls and Burnt Allum of each one drachm Frankincense and Myrrh of each half a drachm Gum of Juniper and Sarcocol of each one seruple make them into fine Powder and mixe them with White-Wine and drop it into the Bar. If you find that it is sed by defluxion you must labour to divert the deflaxion as you are taught in the 9th Chapter of this Book If the Ulcet be very foul you must mixe Unguentum Aegyptiacum and the Rust of Iron powdered with White-Wine and drop it into
may make it stronger if you see occasion by adding red Arsenick and Sandarach to it Mercury precipitate and applyed with Honey of Roses with a Tent is good You may make an Ointment thus Take of Letharge of Silver one drachm Ceruss three drachms Pomegranate Peels and Allum of each two drachms Verdegreese and Orpiment of each one drachm powder them and in good old white wine boil them to the thickness of Honey put in a little Oyl of Myrrh and reserve it in a Leaden Box and use it as the forenamed Medicines The sence of Smelling is either diminished abolished or depraved either by Obstruction or Astriction Cold moist and Flegmatick Distempers may either dull or abolish the sence of Smelling Hence Defluxions upon those parts do hinder the sence Flegm obstructs and hindereth the sensible passages viz. the Nostrils and the Pores of the Brain the insensible Passages and the Processus Mamillates or Sarcoma and Polypus may hinder the senceby obstructing the Nostrils Smelling is hindered by Astriction when Flegm gathered in the fore-part of the Brain doth compress the Mamillares as was said before in the compression of the Optick Nerves Sometimes this Sence is depraved by some putrefaction or ulcer in the Nose or the Menings or some of the parts official to this Sence and thereby hindereth it or some stinking Vapour arising from some other part of the Body may hinder the exercise of this Office as the Tongue is depraved by Choller and maketh all things that is tasted seem bitter the signes are these Slimy Flegm coming from the Brain and cold and moisture oppressing the Brain shew Flegm to be the cause If it be from Sarcoma or Polypus it is easily discovered If the matter causing the obstruction be contained in the Nostrils the speech is hurt also but it is not so if it be in the Mamillares or the fore-part of the Brain The Cure is diverse according to the diversity of causes I shall say nothing to it onely give you this general Rule If it come from a Defluxion you must proceed as you are instructed in the cure of a cold Catarrh If from obstruction or compression of the Mamillares I shall refer you to the Chapter treating of the cold distemper of the Brain for the Cure In the 9th Chapter of this Book treating of a defluxion I told you if it fell into the Nose it is a cold Coryza I think it not amiss if I here speak a word or two of the nature and cause of it This Defluxion is caused either by overmuch heat which doth dissolve the crude Humours gathered in the fore Ventricles of the Brain or else by cold which doth compress and squeez the aforesaid Humours This is easily known by the Humours flowing through the Nose and of all Catarrhs it is the most easie to cure For the Cure repair to the 9th Chapter to which add the Vapour of Marjarom and Red-Rose Leaves boiled in Vinegar taken into the Nose It the Distemper be cold Take Frankincense Mastich Nigella and the like thrown upon a Chafingdish of Burning Coals and do as before I shal now speak a word or two of Neesing vulgarly sneezing which though it be looked upon but as a slight effect not worth mentioning hath by reason of a sharp Defluxion proveth not onely troublesome but dangerous And hence came the Custom of saying God bless you God save you or Christ help when a man sneezeth Sneezing is a swift motion of the Brain by which the Breath is drawn up unto the Brain to force out that which doth offend for Sneezing belongs to the Natural Expulsive Faculty of the Brain and its Membranes as it is with the Cough which doth by its natural motion free the Arteries of the Lungs from Flegm which obstructeth them But the proper cause of Sneezing is a sharp Humour which doth provoke the inside of the Nostrils as 't is verified by snuffing up sharp things into the Nostrils which Humour cometh from the Brain or some inferiour parts sometimes the coldness of the Air doth act upon and compress the Brain and causeth a sharp Humour to fall into the Nostrils which provoketh Sternucation The knowledge of this Disease is manifest outward causes appear and by the signs of the parts affected As to the Prognostick it is naturally and essentially without danger accidentally it may prove hurtful namely in the beginning of Coryza it hindereth the concoction of the Humours by its violent motion sometimes in Feavers it is violent and causeth bleeding and is prejudicial to the Patients strength In the Plurisie and all Diseases of the Lungs it is bad because it violently pulleth those parts and causeth a greater inflammation Yet if there be Flegme got into the Gristles of the Lungs which a Cough cannot get out then is Sneezing helpful For the most part it is friendly to healthy people and promiseth help in Feavers It is good in Apoplexies and always welcome to women in travel or troubled with fits of the Mother If Sternutation become Symptomatical you must remove the external cause or internal from whence it cometh by Evacuations Derivations Revulsions and Discussions and if you see cause you must bleed use Frictions Ligatures and Cupping In the mean time you must labour to take away the sharpness which provoketh to Stenutation Let your Patient snuff up warm milk warm water or warm water and Butter mingled the Oyls of Roses sweet Almonds and Violets which will afford much comfort to the diseased Of bleeding at the Nose CHAP. XIX THis disease is called Haemorrhagia and it is either organicall or common the organicall is either the opening of the Vessels called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the rarefaction of them called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The common disease is also twofold either the breaking of the Vessels called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Erosion called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Blood offending either in quantity or quality is the cause of these distempers Somtimes externall causes concur as wounds strokes falls vehement exercise drunkennesse long staying in the Sun It is also either Criticall or symptomaticall Criticall when nature dischargeth her self of superfluous blood sometimes in health sometimes in Fevers and somtimes from an inflammation of the Liver or Spleen Symptomaticall is when filthy blood caused by the weaknesse of the Liver in a Cronical distemper is let go by reason of the debility of the retentive faculty or by the strength of the expulsive faculty expelled as unprofitable and unnecessary If the blood flowes by reason of the vein broken the blood is thick and floweth continually if the vein be only opened the blood is thinner and floweth by fits If the veines be eroded or gnawen asunder the Patient hath had a salt Catarrh or Ulcer or Cacochymia The causes are easily distinguished by their signes viz A red face and eyes with heavinesse signifieth plenty of blood If choler or Melancholly be the cause the blood is
swallow it by which it may be known as also by looking into the mouth You must make use of such Evacuations Revulsions Derivers Repellers as are prescribed in the ninth Chapter of a Catarrh And you must make use of Gargarisms which restrain and dry Take of Plantane Purslane and Shepheards purse of each one handful Cyprus nuts Pomegranate flowers and Red roses of each one ounce Galls and Allum of each one drachm boile them in a quart of Spring water to the consumption of half strain it out and add to it Bolearmenick a drachm Sirrup of Mulberys and Hony of Roses of each one ounce gargarise the mouth therewith Powders are better which have an astringent and drying property Take the Roots of Bistort flowerdeluce and Tormentil the Flowers of Pomegranates and Red Roses of each half an ounce Burnt Allum and long Pepper of each one scruple make them into fine powder and depressing the tongue blow it upon the Uvula If this doth not perfect the cure the superfluity must be cut off this operation must be performed very warily for if you cut too much it will be prejudicial to the speech if there be an inflammation in the Columella you must extenuate such accidents before you cut it lest a greater inflamation follow or a flux of blood if the Uvula be greater at the bottome then it is at the top then it is fitter and safer to cut If the Uvula be onely inflammed you must make use of such medicines as are prescribed for the cure of the inflammation of the tongue There are other distempers of the throat viz. the inflammation and Ulcers of the Tonsills or Almonds of the throat occasioned by a defluxion of crude Phlegmatick and Viscid humors mixed with blood or by excessive drinking of wine or strong liquors or by a greedy devouring of meat they who are thus afflicted swallow with much difficulty and pain and many times have a Feaver For the cure administer a cooling Clister open the Vein under the tongue and if blood abound open the Cephalick-Vein in the arme use all other convenient revulsions Then make a Cataplasme of Barly meal the Seed of Flax and Fenugreek and the Leaves of Mallows bruised with new Milke sufficient and apply it to the throat Then use astringent Gangarisms you have examples enough in the foregoing Chapters If the inflammation increaseth and the pain be sharp and vehement in the Evening then expect suppuration then you must surther it by gargarising with a decoction made of Hysop Figs and the Seeds of Marsh mallows or with aquamulla When it is perfectly rotten squeez it gently that the matter may run forth or else open it with a sharp instrument and let the Patient hold his head down that the matter may the better run out then wash it again with aquamulsa till it be healed For the cure of the Ulcers of the Tonsils you must observe the same rules prescribed for the cure of the Ulcers of the mouth CHAP. XXV Of the Quinzie ANgina or the Quinzie is a disease of the Jaws and Throat by which breathing and Swallowing are hindred withour defect of the breast and Lungs there are two sorts of Quinzyes Legitimate and Bastard Legitimate Quinzy is accompanied with a feaver and inflammation of the part which Galen and the antient Greekes have divided into four sorts the first they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 when the inflammation is in the inward proper Muscles of the Larynx the second they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the outward Muscles of the Larynx are in flammed the third they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the interiour muscles of the pharynx are inflamed the last they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because the exerior muscels of the Jaws are inflamed a Bastard Angina or Quinzy cometh without a feaver The cause of the first is blood either pure or mixed with Choler flegm or melancholly flowing from the head to the jugular veins the cause of the Bastard Angina is caused by much flegme falling into the jugular veins and by its glewinesse obstructing the passage of the spirits or by a Tumor in the Vertebrae of the neck caused by a deflux of cold flegm removing the Vertebrae from its proper seat or causing a luxation thereof by loosening their Nerves and making them slippery between the joynts or lastly this may happen by some fall or stroak or some external cause The Legitimate Quinzy may be known by the difficult swallowing and breathing without fault of the breast or Lungs pain about the Jaws and threat red nesse heat and a feaver their sorts may be distinguished by their proper signes In the first there is great hinderance of respiration the patient is almost strangled cannot breathe except he open his mouth and hold his neck streight In the second there is lesse difficulty of breathing but greater of swallowing especially of drink which flyeth out at the nose In the third there is some red tumor about the Jaws less difiulty of brething then in the first but more then in the second The last doth hinder the breath but little or not at all the outward parts of the neck are red and painfull The bastard Angina may be known by the abundance of flegm and humors flowing to the mouth If it comes by Luxation the motion of the head and neck is hurt and a preternatural cavity appeareth in the neck I shall not need to spend time to shew the signes of every distinct humor predominating reason or other parts of this book will informe you A Legitimate Quinzy is an acute disease and very dangerous for want of freedome in respiration therefore the first is worst and the patient in most danger of strangling the other are more or lesse dangerous as they more or lesse hinder respiration If the matter fall upon the Lungs or the swelling vanish away without critical or artificial Evacuation it is very dangerous and for the most part deadly If the patient foame at the mouth it is a signe of death saith Hippocrates in his 43 Aphorism because it is a signe of streightnesse and violent heat about the heart which squeezeth the moisture out of the Lungs and sendeth it to the mouth in a foame Every Quinzy requireth a hasty and speedy cure for it sometimes killeth in one day read Fernelius Lib 5 pag. 284. Let the physitian open the Cephalick Vein and if the body be naturally plethorick and blood the cause of the disease draw as much as the Patients strength will bear and reiterate Phlebotomy according as necessity requireth give a Glister first or after or both or as often as need requireth you must speedily make use of other revulsions as cupping glasses with scarification to the shoulders vesicatories frictions and ligatures to the lower parts purges must be administred and if you find the case desperate you need not Question the time of the day Trallianus reporteth that he was forced to open a
Pint and an half strain it out and dissolve Sirrup of Jujubes two ounces Sirrup of Violets one ounce make an Emulsion for three doses give it Morning and Evening If his Cough be violent let him alwayes have in his mouth Sugar of Roses Sugar Candy or penids or the Tablets of Diatraganthum Frigidum or with Sirrup of Violets and Jujubes you may make it into the form of an Celegma or Lohock If his spittle be thick and tough adde Oxymel Simplex or the Sirrups of Liquoris or Coltsfoot Let his constant drink be Barly water boile it in Currans Borrage and Bugloss Flowers Hartshorne Maidenhaire Coltsfoot Liquoris and such like give it warm You must not purge in this disease till the declination thereof and then use a gentle potion Many medicines there are proper and special for a Pleurisie as Stone-horse dung or White-hens dung soaked in Carduus water and strained give a quarter of a pint this hath a peircing and discussing quality by reason of the volatile salt in it and doth wonderfully disperse the humors in the Pleurisie An Apple made hollow and a dram of Frankincense put therein and rosted given to the sick drinking three ounces of Carduus Water after it and laid to sweat is good saith Quercetan Goats Blood also is good If the Sick fall into a loosness in the height of this Disease it is very dangerous in the declination it is good but if it so happen give him the Sirrup of Myrtles and do as you are taught in the Cure of Diarrhaea 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Or The inflammation of the Lungs is a disease not much different in the causes or signes from a Pleurisie but only in the part affected Sometimes this Peripneumonia commeth alone and sometimes followeth another Disease as the Quinzy or Pleurisit which is a dangerous Symptome on the contrary if a Pleurisie follow the inflammation of the Lungs it is a hopeful Symptome This Disease is more dangerous then a Pleurisie and for the most part deadly by reason of want of respiration and the nearness of the heart The cure is the same with the Pleurisie therefore I shall say no more of it CHAP. XXVIII Of Empyema EMpyema 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or a Collection of matter in the Cavity of the Thorax is a Disease which for the most part followeth a Pleurisie and Peripneumonia and sometimes a Quinzy when they are not carefully cured and the inflammation commeth to Suppuration and when the Imposthume breaketh the matter falleth into the cavity of the breast Sometimes blood falling into the Thorax by the breaking or wounding of a Vein may come to Suppuration or rather Corruption Sometimes flegm falleth from the head and other parts into the breast and there putrifying begetteth matter like quitter The signes of Suppuration beginning according to Hippocrates are these First the Pleurisie being not purged the Feaver increaseth while the matter is turning into Pus Secondly the sharpness of the matter touching the Membranes causeth quaking the Third is weight and sense of heaviness in the part To these we may adde the difficulty of breathing for although when the Imposthume is broken the Diaphragma and the Muscles of the Thorax move more freely yet the Lungs are oppressed by the matter lying about them But an old and confirmed Empyema is known by a lingring putrid and partly Hectick Feaver more violent towards night and much sweating a constant troublesome Cough the Cheeks grow Red the Eyes hollow the legs swell Pustles break out on the breast If the Suppuration break and the Feaver continueth are thirsty want appetite the pus green livid or frothy brought up with much difficulty and a loose belly all these are signes of Death or of long sickness the contrary are the signes of recovery They who in this condition doe lift up the whole breast when they breathe by reason of the matter contained are quickly choaked If the matter be not spit forth in forty dayes it turneth to a Consumption and death followeth The Supuration on both sides is more dangerous then that of one that on the left side the worst by reason of the left Ventricle of the heart If the matter flow plentifully by Stoole and Urine and the Patient strong and hearty it is a signe of recovery For the Cure you must endeavour to help nature in Suppurating the humors if Suppuration cannot be hindred by this or the like Cataplasme Take of Chamomel Melilot and Mallows of each one handful the Roors of Althaea one handful Figs and Raisons stoned of each four ounces after due boiling beat and strain them adding to the Liquor the Oyles of sweet Almonds Lilies and Fresh Butter of each one ounce with the Meal of Wheat Fenugreek and Flax Seed sufficient make a Cataplasm and apply it In the mean time let the Patient take of this Lohock Take of the Conserve of the Flower of Bugless Violets and Roses of each one ounce Maidenhaire Liquorish and Coltsfoot of each one ounce Oyle of Sweet Almonds newly drawn one ounce Sugar Candy one ounce Powder what is to be Powdered and with Sirrup of Liquorish or Colts foot sufficient make a Lohock and let the Patient take thereof often Venice Turpentine washed and with Liquorish powder made up into Pills are good to maturate discuss and cleanse give three drachms in the Morning But if the matter will not be spit up you must open it between the fourth and fifth Rib and apply a Plaister to draw out the matter giving the Patient a Wound-drink in the mean time If you desire particular direction herein read Hieronymus Fabricius ab aqua pendente in Libro de operationibus Chirurgicis CHAP. XXIX Of spitting of Bloud Sputum Sanguinis or spitting of Blood called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is an unnatural Flux of Blood from the vital parts viz. the breast Lungs and Aspera Arteria The Immediate cause is Organical or common the Organical twofold either the opening of the Vessels called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Rarefaction called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The common Disease is twofold also as the breaking of the Vessels called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Erosion of them called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Blood offending in quantity or quality may be the cause of opening rarifying breaking or Corroding of the Vessels To be further satisfyed therein Ipray you have recourse to the nineteenth Chapter of Bleeding at the nose Some external cause as Fall Wound or the like may be the cause of Haemoptysis Immoderate Cold may be the cause by hardening the Tunicles that they cannot be extended It is very difficult to judge of the part from whence it commeth If it comes from the head it is cast forth by Coughing hawking and there is a tickling in the Palat as in a Catarrh That which comes from the breast and Lungs causeth Coughing that which comes from the Lungs is Frothy that which comes from the breast is Blackish
Plague poison worms putrified or the Mestrues stopped and conveighed as before may be the cause of Palpitation To these adde excesse in quantity or quality of bloody Cholerick or watry humors oppressing the Veins Arteryes or Ventricles of the heart Likewise Inflammation Imposthumation or Tumors happening in the Arteries of the Lungs near the heart or in the Pericardium may be the cause of Palpitation A Second cause is a preternatural heat by which the Spirits are inflamed and the motion of the heart and Arteries is encreased and this sometimes though seldome ariseth from an inward cause often from an outward as anger violent excercise and the like The third cause is the defect of Spirits caused by hunger watching anger joy fear shame or great Diseases or any thing which dissipateth the Spirits which the heart labouring to recover encreaseth its motion and causeth Palpitation The Diagnosis or knowledge of this Disease is easie for it may be felt heard or seen The causes must be distinguished by their proper signes A hot distemper is known by often breathing by a Feaver and heat of the breast and a desire of cold things If wind be the cause it is subject to Variation and raised by a small motion the breath is difficult a mist before the eyes and a noise in the eares c. If the Disease commeth from humors in the heart or Pericardium it comes not suddainly nor goeth away quickly The nature of the humor you may gather from their Symptomes Water in the Peticardium is hard to be known but we may conjecture it by the weaknesse of the Pulse the heart seems to be almost suffocated in water If Malignant and Pestilent humors cause it the Patient fainteth a losse of the pulse and strength c. If it come by consent from other parts their proper signes declare it If a Tumor be the cause the motion of the heart is different from the natural and the pulse is various if the Tumor be in the pericardium and hard the disease is constant and the Patient decays without manifest cause To the Prognostick I say it is a dangerous Symptome because the motion of the heart by which life is preserved is hindered and Galen saith that they who are thus affected in youth or middle age live not to be old because the Vitalls are weak in them Alpho 41 de loco aff Sect 2 et 5 Chap. 2. If it come from a Tumor it is incurable if it be peculiar to the heart or pericardium it is incurable If it come by consent from other parts the cure must be sought out of their proper Chapters but seeing not only the cause ought to be removed but also the Symptomes asswaged by refreshing the heart you must administer Cordial medicines which have power to strengthen the heart If a hot distemper vex the heart Take of the Conserve of Violets Water-lillys Borrage or Buglosse flowers of each one ounce Diamargariton frigidum Diarrhodon Abbatis of each two drachms Red Sanders Coral and Camphire of each a drachm with the Sirrups of Coral Balme or Citron peels make an Opiate of which let him take often If cold humors cause the Palpitation Take of the Conserve of Roses and Rosemary flowers of each one ounce Aromaticum Rosarum Dianthus and Diambra of each one drachm Cinamon Cloves and Mace of each half a drachm Confection of Alchermes two scruples Amber Muske and Saffron of each one scruple with Sirrup of Clove-Gilly-flowers make an Opiat and give it as before With these and the like ingredients the Ingenious may form medicines of all sorts whether the disease be hot or cold likewise may Liniments Unguents Epithemas and Sacculibe prepared and applyed to the Region of the heart to strengthen and abate the hot or cold distempers thereof If an humor gathered near the heart cause the Palpitation extenuating medicines must be mixed with your Cordialls and if nothing prohibite open the inner Vein of the arme called Basilica if that appear not open the middle Vein which course Galen commendeth also if you see occasion administer purging and Carminative Clisters CHAP. XXXIII Of Swooning or Syncope 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Swooning is a sudden and swift failing of all strength for all parts having a continual necessary influence upon the heart and vital spirits when they fail all the rest must suffer This Disease is distinguished from the Epilepsy which hath a Convulsion and this not from an Apoplexy in which the breath is much stopped and the pulse not much abated till near death but here the pulse faileth and the breath is free In Fits of the Mother the breath is most obstructed the pulse not much altered nor the colour of the face except it be higher the contrary happeneth in a Syncope The immediate cause of this Disease is the defect of the Vital Spirits in which nature is constrained lest the heart should totally fail to fetch the spirits from other parts to the heart by which means they lose their functions This defect happeneth four ways principally First they are naturally few by fault in the faculty making of the Vital Spirits or the matter which fault commeth by diseases proper to the heart or by consent from other parts Proper to the heart are too much constriction dilation and Solutions happening to the Ventricles of the heart or such as destroy the natural temper as Sharp Malignant Fainting Pestilential and Hectick Feavers and the like The faculty may be hurt by diseases in those parts which have a Sympathy with the heart as the Brain Liver Stomach and Womb. The matter is faulty when the Aire or Blood by which the Vital spirits are generated is defective or corrupted The aire is defective when respiration and transpiration is hindered But the hinderance of nutrition causeth a defect of the Blood They are both corrupted when their qualityes are changed Secondly this Disease is caused when the Spirits are dissipated and spent by too great evacuations which may be done sensibly or insensibly Sensibly by inordinate Phlebotomy Bleeding of wounds or at the Mouth Nose Womb Belly or Hemorrhoids or an extraordinary discharging of other excrementitious humours by Vomit Stool Urine or Sweat the breaking of an inward Impostume or by Empyema or by tapping the Nave lin the Dropsy Insensible evacuations are caused by sharp or thin humours which rarifie the skin or the immoderate heat of Bathes or Hot-Houses To these add long Watchings Fastings Lechery Anger Joy long continuing and violent pain or sickness c. may cause a dissipation of the spirits Thirdly this disease is caused by things which alter and corrupt the Spirits as venemous and pestilential aire and stincks or an evill disposition of the Bowels and other parts in a word all things which are averse to the heart may corrupt the spirits Or Lastly the spirits may be suffocated or destroyed which may come to pass by a vehement returning of Blood and Spirits to the Heart as also corrupt
vapours cold and thick blood and other humours gathered about the Heart or the adjacent parts These signes shew a Syncope viz. a sudden failing of strength a slow pulse sometimes stopping a pale and blewish Face the body externally cold a cold Sweat especially on the Temples Neck and Breast The signes of the Causes for the most part are manifest as the sorts of Feavers and the external Causes but now named may be easily known A sharp Nose hollow Eyes the Temples fallen are signes of thin Humours gnawing of the Stomach pricking heat and great pain do shew that the Body is troubled with Choler Abundance of crude Humours is known by the enlarging of the Body swelling of the Breast the colour pale and the pulse smal unequal and obscure If swoonding come by consent from other parts the Signes of those parts affected will discover it They who often and violently faint without manifest Cause dy suddenly saith Hippocrates A Syncope which cometh from some evident Cause as Fear Sorrow or immoderate Evacuations is lesse dangerous then that which cometh from an internal Cause In respect of various Causes you must vary the Cure If it come from immoderate Evacuations you must endeavour to stop it with their proper Medicines prescribed in their several Chapters If from too violent purging give three graines of Laudanum or two of Opium If by too much sweating you must use Medicines which restrain Sweat If from suffocation of the Spirits call them back by Frictions Ligatures and Cupping If it come from Poyson taken give somthing to expell it after Vomiting with Oyl give Treacle if it burn in the guts give Milk fat Broth or cooling Cordials If thinness of the Humours cause it give things that are sweet and thickning If want of Food cause a Syncope make use of a restoring Diet and nourishing Broths To conclude From what Cause soever it come in the Fit lay your Patient upon his back throw cold water into his Face make him sneez put Aqua-vitae Caelestis or Imperiales into his Mouth call him loud stop his Nostrils wring his Fingers pull his Haire rub bind and Cup if need be CHAP. XXXIIII Of want of Appetite As there are divers actions of the Stomach so there are divers diseases hindring those actions See the fifth Chap. of the first Book And seeing that the attractive faculty is the first in order I shall begin with the want of Attraction or Appetite It is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Inappetentia In English Want of Appetite or Loathing of Meat That we may rightly judge of the Causes of this Disease let us consider the Natural Causes of Appetite and Hunger by which we may the better discover the fault or hinderance The first cause of Hunger is emptinesse of the Stomach if there be no emptinesse there is no Attraction nor Appetite Want of emptinesse is when the parts are filled with plenty of crude Humours caused by Gluttony or Drunkenness want of Excercise or usual Evacuations Weakness of the Natural Heat or a Feaver when the Heat is busied to concoct the matter of the Disease or the like The Second cause of Appetite is the attraction of Nourishment to the Stomach sometimes this is depraved though the parts are empty when the Veins have left their strength by Sickness or immoderate Evacuations The third cause of Appetite is the Attraction of the Chilus from the Stomach to the Liver by the Meseraick Veins which cannot be performed if those Veins are obstructed the Chilus sent out by Siege and the parts d●…prived of their necessary Nourishment Fourthly the faculty of attracting an Appetite requireth a good disposition of the stomach brain and Nerves consequently what ever altereth their dispositions destroyeth apperite great heat and drieth dispersing the moist substance of the stomach doth cause a want of appetite The like doth cold which causeth a Stupefaction of the parts and extinguisheth the natural heat Flegmy and Slimy-humors gathered in the stomach by evil concoction or by a defluxion from the head the suppression of the Termes or Hemorrhoids smoothereth the natural heat and causeth want of attraction Distempers of the Brain and Nerves maketh a man insensible of the attracting in the stomach The signe of the first cause is known by high feeding repletion want of evacuation the body is full and the Veins Swoln and the like The second cause is evident by sicknesse or immoderate evacuations The third is known by obstruction of the Liver Spleen or Mesentery The fourth cause is thus known If there be a great heat in the stomach drynesse bitternesse of the congue and Jaws and a Feaver with heart-burning and the like All which signifie a hot distemper of the stomach if it flow from some other parts the signes of Inflammation of the Liver and other parts will demonstrate it A cold distemper and much flegm is known by coldnesse of the stomach great heavinesse and sharp belchings Prog want of appetite is dangerous for it is a digression from the natural estate Loathing of meat for want of natural heat is farr more dangerous then when it is caused by abundance of evil humors In children want of appetite is worse then in men because their natures require more nourishment In all diseases want of Appetite is an evill Symptome If a man recovering wanteth Appetite there is fear of a Relapse If want of Appetite come from a Disease of some other part I referr you thither for the Cure but if it be onely in the Stomach you must consider it as either Hot or Cold. If a hot Humour be the cause purge Choler gently and often if your Patient be easy to vomit give an easy Vomit Alter the Humours with cooling Sirrups and Juleps mixing therewith the Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur for all sharp things allay Choler and provoke an Appetite After Purging Marmalade of Quinces is good or take this following Opiate Take of Conserve of Wormwood and Sorrel of each one Ounce Conserve of Roses Succory and Buglosse of each halfe an Ounce Diamargariton frigidum and Diarrhodon Abbatis of each one Drachm Troches of Spodium one Scruple with Sirrup of Lemmons make an Opiate of which let the Patient take the quantity of a Chesnut Morning Night and Noon To the Stomach apply a Rose Cake steeped in Vinegar Or anoint the Stomach outwardly with this Liniment Take of Oyle of Roses Martles and Quinces washed with Vinegar of Roses of eath two Ounces all the Sanders red Corall Coriander seed prepared and red Roses of each one Drachm the graines of Kermes and Spodium of each half a Drachm White Wax as much as is sufficient to make a Liniment and anoint the Stomach often therewith If a cold Distemper of the Stomach draw crude flegmatick and inelancholy Humours thither from other parts you must amend the Distempers of those parts with Medicines laid down in their proper Chapters Then you must evacuate the
the Cure in their proper Chapters If Women with Child are thus affected be sparing in giving Medicines for fear of Miscarriage for the most part they are freed of it in the fourth Moneth If the Green-sickness in Maids be the Cause of this Effect seek the Cure in the Chapter of the Green-sickness CHAP. XXXVI Of the Thirsty Disease This Disease is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sitis Morbosa The immediate Cause is Want of moist Nourishment Drinesse of the Stomach and other parts which maketh the Stomach sensible of their wants It is caused by those things which have a Power to consume and dry up the Moisture of the Stomach and whole Body It is caused also by Propriety or Sympathy by Propriety when the Moisture of the Stomach is altered or drawne forth by a hot dry salt sharp or filthy Humour contained in his Cavity By Sympathy when the whole Body or some particular Member having lost its Moisture doth suck Moisture from the Stomach For the Veins having lost their Moisture endeavour to recruite themselves with the Stomach's moisture as it happeneth in Feavers Inflammations of the Liver Lungs and a hot and dry Distemper of the Reins causeth Diabetes or a continual Pissing and is accompanied with great Thirst and therefore is called Dipsacus The outward causes also are all such things as heat and dry the use of salt sharp and spiced Meats Excess of old rich Wine Watchings or immoderate Evacuations The Sons of Hermes conclude that praeternatural Thirst is caused by thirsty Spirits bred of sulphureous Excrements whose Thirst cannot be satisfied with ordinary cooling Medicines unlesse the sharp spirits of Vitriol Sulphur or Salt be added to them The Knowledge of the Disease is easy of the Cause and the Part affected not difficult Of the Disease the Patients Complaint for want of Drink will inform you Likewise the Cause may be distinguished by the Tasts which are hot dry salt bitter sharp and the like Lastly the Tasts do not onely distinguish the peccant Humour but also that the part affected is the Mouth of the Stomach but if Thirst come by consent from other parts the Signes of those Diseases will be manifest The Thirst which comes from external Causes is easily quenched with Drink that which comes from internal Causes are more or lesse dangerous according to their differences Thirst accompanying Feavers ends with them and their Cures shall be set down in their proper places Thirst in a Dropsy is not allayed but rather encreased by Drink and is most dangerous If it be caused by immoderate Evacuations Suppress the Evacuations and restore the Empty Parts with cooling and moistning Medicines such as are prescribed in the Cure of the Feaver Hectick and Marasmus CHAP. XXXVII Of evill Digestion The Concoction of the Stomach is hurt three wayes viz. it may be diminished depraved or abolished Concoction diminished is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 depraved 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 abolished 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The fault of Concoction is either in the Organ Object External or Internal things The fault in the Organ comprehendeth all Diseases in the Stomach For since digestion is made in the Stomack by a moderate natural Heat if it want its Moderation the digestive Faculty is hurt A cold Distemper of the Stomach if it be gentle diminisheth the Heat and weakneth Concoction If it be greater it abolisheth it A hot distemper in the Stomach depraveth the Faculty and causeth difficult Concoction Though these Distempers are somtimes simple yet many times they are joyned with Matter as Phlegm and black Humours caused by Hypocondriack Melancholy which cause Crudities sowr Belchings Rumblings Winds and the like The fault of the Object is thus considered when the Nourishment which is the proper Object of the Stomach offendeth in Substance Quantity Quality or Time Nourishment offendeth the Stomach in Substance when it is too hard and difficult to be concocted In Quantity it offendeth the Stomach when either too much is taken at once that the natural Heat cannot digest it but some part of it remaineth Crude Lesse taken then Nature requireth becometh Crude also when it is dryed or burnt in a Cholerick Stomach In Quality Food offendeth when it is either too hot or dry or too cold moist and windy for the Stomach In respect of Time Nourishment may offend the Stomach If a Man contrary to his order in Diet doth eat liberally a little before he goeth to Bed this may hurt concoction External or internal Meanes may hurt the concoctive Faculty Namely an Aire too hot may dissipate the natural Heat an Aire too cold may dull it Immoderate Excercise especially after Meat draweth the Heat from the Stomach to the External parts and drives the imperfect Chylus into the Guts and so weakens Concoction Costiveness of the Belly or a Flux immoderate Watching or sleep in the day time deep Study upon a full Stomach Sadness and other Passions of the Mind do hinder the Actions of the Stomach The Hermetick Physitians add another Cause for they say and not without reason that a sharp Liquor sent from the Spleen to the Stomach which hath a great power to dissolve in its Natural State causeth a laudable Concoction that concoction is not made by Heat onely For Meat boyled in a Pot with a strong Heat many dayes is not dissolved and Bones in a Doggs Stomach are quickly dissolved Likewise Fishes do quickly dissolve their Meat though they have no actuall Heat Birds do quickly concoct the hardest Seeds and small pebble Stones and they have a Spleen round about their Maw and that there is a dissolving Spirit inhaerent in the Gizzards of Birds the Physical practice doth prove being often used in Medicines to help Concoction dissolve the Stone and the like The Signes of a diminished or abolished Concoction is the same differing onely in Degrees viz. sowr Belchngs Vomiting or Purging forth of Food either not well or not at all concocted Weight Extension and Inflammation of the Stomach the Patient sensible of some cold Cause going before and is worse by taking of cold things the Urine thin pale like Water and sometimes thick and red If the concoctive Faculty be depraved the Patient is sensible of stinking Belchings and the like Tast in the Mouth of Heat and Thirst and is prejudiced by Hot things If it come from external Causes the Patient or some about him will be able to demonstrate it if it come by consent from other Parts their Signes must be considered Concoction hurt by consent from other Parts is easier cured then that which is proper to the Stomach onely that which cometh from external Causes is cured easiest of all Concoction diminished though it be not the worst yet it bringeth many inconveniencies as the Chollick Chachexy and somtimes the Dropsy Concoction abolished is worst because all Parts are frustrated of their Nourishment and deadly Diseases follow as the Lientery Dropsy Atrophy
c. A depraved Concoction is the cause of many Evills likewise as Obstructions Scabs Feavers c. To cure the Disease you must remove the Antecedent Conjunct and External cause The Stomach must be cleansed of the offending Humours and then strengthened seek Medicines in the Chap. of Want of Appetite If it come by consent you must amend the Parts sending the Humours their proper Chapters will furnish you with means CHAP. XXXVIII Of the Hiccough 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek and Singultus in Latine in English Hiccough is a depraved motion of the Stomach by which it desireth to expell somthing which is hurtfull It is caused according to Hippocrates of Fulnesse or Emptinesse sometimes saith Galen by Provocation The matter causing the Hiccough is either gathered in the Stomach or is sent from other Parts Sharp Humours Nourishment or Medicines or gnawing Worms in the Stomach may cause a Hiccough by propriety It is caused by consent when the Liver Spleen Guts or other Parts being inflamed send offensive Vapours or Water to the Stomach A Tumor in the Liver being inflamed doth compresse the Stomach and so provoke the expulsive Faculty finally sharp Humours sent from all parts of the Body in malignant Feavers may be the cause of the Hiccough Diagnostick signes are if the Disease come by Propriety it is more lasting and is eased by Vomit the signes of the Humours in the Stomach appear by the Tast in the Mouth Belchings c. If it come from any other part of the Body their proper Signes will declare it Prognosticks are If the Hiccough be caused by Meat Drink of Cold it is not dangerous But if it come in a malignant or great Feaver and continue it is deadly The same you may judge if the Hiccough accompanied with redness of the Eyes in an acute Disease invade the Patient after Vomiting Singultus from the inflammation of the Liver is also hurtfull For the cure you must if the disease come from a cold cause First administer medicine which do cut and prepare the Humours as Vinegar and Oxymel of Squils and Oxymel Simplex then evacuate the Humours by Purge or Vomit and then strengthen the Stomach use the Medicines prescribed in the Chapter of Want of Appetite comming of a cold Cause if the Disease be violent add these following Take of Castor and Mirrh of each three Drachms Sal Gem half an Ounce Diagridium and Mastich of each one Drachm Agarick newly trochiscated three Drachms Aloes the weight of all the rest with the juice of Mints make them up into a Mass and of one Drachm make six gilded Pills Let your Patient take two or three in the Morning Riverius If Wind in the Stomach be the Cause Take of Dill-Seed Sweet Fennell and Annis-Seed of each one Ounce Juniper Berries half an Ounce Cloves a Drachm Macerate them in good Wine or Spirit of Wine and distill it in Baineo If sharp and chollerick Humours be the cause of the Hiccough you must give Oyl of Sweet Almonds Prisan Broth Sirrup of Apples and Quinces the Emulsion of the Cold Seeds foment the Stomach with a Spung dipt in Rose Water or apply a cooling Oyntment to the Stomach Sneezing hath been attended with admirable successe Vomiting with little lesse but have a care how you administer Vomits to weak People Drinking of Milk fom the Cow is much commended and somtimes proves succesful Narcoticks somtimes effect the Cure by stupifying the too too Exquisite sense of the Stomach CHAP. XXXIX Of Vomiting 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nausea and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vomiting differ onely in Degrees the first is a Desire to vomit up what soever troubles the Stomach either in Quantity or Quality but cannot either by reason of the weaknesse or the Stomach strength of the upper Orifice or thicknesse or sliminesse of the Matter But Vomiting is a depraved motion of the Stomach which shaketh it by which the expulsive Faculty is stirred up by contracting the Fibres of the Lower part and loosening the Superior and with a violent motion casteth forth the Matter contained therein which was trouble some to it The Causes of Vomiting are external or internal and is divided into Natural or Artificial the Natural is either without or in a Disease and is thus divided it is either Periodical Critical or Symptomatical Periodical vomiting is without a Disease and is used by many twice in a year or oftener to cleanse the Stomach of cholerick or phlegmatick Humours and to prevent Disease Critical vomiting is when Nature in a disease casts forth her Enemy Symptomatical vomiting is when Nature is provoked and weakned and is not eased by it because she is not strong enough utterly to expel it the Matter vomited is either Excrements as Phlegm Choler Melancholy Water Matter Wormes and the like or Nourishment as Meat Chylus or Blood Artificial Vomiting is from an external Cause as Compression of the lower Belly Stroaks Falls violent Excorcise Riding Sayling on the Sea Poysonous Aire or Breath stinking Smels or beholding some Filthy thing External Causes may provoke Nature as Vomits taken Some Nourishment is distastful to some Stomachs and causeth vomiting Hippoceates reporteth that one eating Mushtooms died vomiting Meats which are Fat Oyly are praeposterous to some Stomachs Omitting Gluttony which is many times the Cause The whole Body in a Plethory evil Habit Feavers and other Diseases of the Body may be the Cause Inflammations or Obstructions of other Parts as the Liver Spleen Mesentery or Bowels the Terms or Hemorrhoids stopped a Catarrh or the like may cause Vomiting If Vomiting be caused by Humours offending the Stomach or by an Organical disease therein you may find the signes thereof in the praeceding Chapters of diseases of the Stomach If it come by Sympathy from other Parts their proper signes will informe Make the Prognostick thus Choler and Phlegme exquisitely mingled and vomited up is good If the Sick vomit Critically and cast forth Choler in a cholerick Distemper and Phlegm in a phlegmatick it is hopeful Violent vomiting and little brought up in a Feaver is evil for it shews abundance of Matter or that Nature is weak Vomiting after a Flux of the Belly is good for there is a revulsion of the Matter and Nature is refreshed Vomiting of divers Colours is dangerous because Nature hath to do with divers Enemies Green blew black and stinking Matter vomited is deadly In Feavers acute if the Patient vomit without mixture of Humours it is an evil signe because that a pure Humour is not capable of Concoction For the Cure If the Disease come by consent from other parts remove the Cause by working their Cures If phlegmatick cholerick or melancholy Humours provoke the Stomach cast them forth by vomiting prepare and cut them if they be tough and clammy Give gentle Vomits as warm Oyl or white Vitriol prepared or Salt of Vitriol made red by Calcination for they cleanse and dissolve the glutinous Matter If your
when the Pain is under the Ensiformis it shews that the upper Orifice of the Stomach is affected a very sharp Pain that the Patient cannot rest and sometimes fainteth the Vapours sometimes offend the Brain and cause inveterate Head-Ach the Megrim Vertigo and Epilepsy In the other parts of the Stomach there are not so violent Symptomes but great Paines like the Chollick Thus you may know the Causes The Humours offending may be known by the Excrements avoided at the Belly or Mouth also Choller Phlegm Wind or Worms may be knowne by their proper Signes The Diseases of the Stomach or parts adjoyning causing this Disease may be known by their proper Signes Prog This Disease is more dangerous then any other Disease of the Stomach The danger is greater if a Feaver accompany it if the extream Parts be cold Death is at hand thus saith Hippocrates It is least dangerous if it proceed from Worms yet sometimes dangerous Symptoms appear and the Patient dyes sometimes if the cause of Wind cannot be removed a dry Dropsy followeth If it come from other Parts there begin your Cure if it be in the Stomach properly consider the peccant Humour If Wind be the Cause first administer a Clister Take of Camomil Penny-royall Miats and Pellitory of the Wall of each one handful the Seeds of Annise Fennel Cummin and Dill of each two Drachms make a Decoction in white Wine Posset Drink add Benedicta Laxativa half an Ounce the Oyls of Dill Rue and Chamomil of each half an Ounce the Chymical Oyl of Juniper Berries ten Drops make a Clister and give it or the like as often as need requireth Make a Fomentation with the Herbs and Seeds aforesaid or with others of the like Nature then anoint the Stomach with the Oyls of Sage and Cloves Chymical Oyl of Dill Camomil Rue and the like Then administer this or the like Julep which hath power to asswage Pain discusse Wind and strengthen the Stomach Take of Wormwood Pennyvoyall Century the lesse and Agrimony of each one handful the Flowers of Camomill and Juniper Berryes of each one Ounce the Seeds of sweet Fennel and Anise of each two Drachms Boil them in a Quart of white wine to the consumption of half sweeten it with the compound Sirrups of Wormwood and Betony of each two Ounces Let the Patient take a spoonful of this often and six spoonfuls Night and Morning this have I often proved with good successe let the Cause be what it will If the Disease be yet too stubborn to yeeld to ordinary Medicines make a Bath of mollifying Herbs and let the Patient sit in it giving inward discussing Medicines In vehement Pain some do give a Purge and mix Narcoticks with it to allay the Pain and this following is much commended by Forestus Take of Diaphenicon half an Ounce Philonium Romanum two Scruples with Camomil water in want thereof the Decoction make a Potion If Choller cause pain purge it administer Juleps cooling and thickning Foment the Stomach and apply a Cataplasm made of mollifying cooling and discussing Herbs and Seeds CHAP. XLII Of the Inflammation Ulcer and Imposthume of the Stomach The Inflammation of the Stomach is a Tumor comming of Blood sent into the Stomach and its Membranes from the Vena Porta by the small Veins which Blood is either pure and maketh a proper Phlegm or mixed with Choller and maketh an Erisipelatous or with Phlegm making an Oedmatous or with Melancholy making a Schirrous Tumor In a word all things that may inflame the Blood may be the Cause of this Tumor Diagnostick Signes are great Pain burning pricking distending beating even to the Back you may see or feel the Tumor belching and sometimes vomiting of Blood and the Breath is ferched difficultly and a burning Feaver If it be onely of Blood it is somwhat gentler but if it be with Choller there are grievcus Symptoms But be carefull to distinguish this Inflammation from that of the upper side of the Liver see the Chap. of the Inflammation of the Liver This Disease for the most part is deadly If the Inflammation be in the upper part of the Stomach or over the whole or much loathing of the Stomach or rumbling in the Belly all these are deadly Symptoms If the Inflammation kill not and the Feaver and Pain ceaseth and the Tumor remain then it turns to an Imposthume which being broken there remaineth an Ulcer which is known by voiding of Matter by Vomit and Stool But an Ulcer may be bred in the Stomach from other Causes as sharp salt cholerick Humours bred in the Stomach or sent thither from other parts the breach of a Vein which could not grow together again a Wound not well cured Poyson or corroding Medicines taken The Signes of an Ulcer bred in the Stomach are the same with the former to which I add these a constant lingring Feaver stinking Belching no Appetite a pricking Pain and Burning when any thing is taken which is hot cold sharp salt or sowr This Disease for the most part is deadly because Cleansers encrease Pain and Dryers cannot execute their Office but are hindred by Meat Drink and Chylus The Cure of theso Diseases must be diversly considered Purging is altogether prohibited lest more Humours be gathered to the Stomach but give an emollient and cooling Clyster every day such an one as is prescribed in the last Chap you must let Blood in both Arms as much as strength will bear bleed the Haemorrhoids if you see Occasion cup and scarify the Shoulders Back and Buttocks rub and bind the extream Parts and heat them with the Oyl of Spike or Flowerdeluce and the like You must give Medicines which are altering and strengthning and with them mix such which have power to dissolve This Julep is good Take of Barley water well clarified two Ounces Fennel and Purslane water of each one Ounce the Sirrups of Water Lillies and Violets of each one Ounce the Sirrup of Poppy half an Ounce Diamarganiton frigidum a Drachm mix them and make a Julep for three Doses give it Morning Noon or Night Foment the Stomach with ●he Decoction of cooling and mollisying He●… Roots and Flowers and afterwards anoint it with Oyl of Roses Violets and the like Some commend Turpentine washed in Wormwood water given in Pills three or four times which will quickly dissolve or maturate the Imposthume If you find that the Imposthume tend to Suppuration apply this Cataplasm Take of the Roots of common and March Mallows of each one Ounce Camomill two handfuls red Rose leaves a handfull boil them well together and then beat them in a stone Morter then add of the Meal of Barley Flax seed and Fenugreek of each one Ounce with Hen's Grease and Oyl of Roses and Camomill alike QUantity sufficient to make a Cataplasm which must be applyed and often removed When the Imposthume is broken cleanse the Ulcer with new Milk and Sugar or Hydromell or Take of Barley water 3.
Ounces Sugar of Roses and the Oyl of sweet Almonds of each one Ounce make a Julep and give it The drinking of Mineral Waters is good Before you endeavour to heal it you must endeavour to cleanse the Stomach as well as the Ulcer Take of Cassia one Ounce Powder of Rubarb one Scruple dissolve it in Whey and drink it you may with this or the like Purgers which attract not the Humours to the part cleanse the Stomach as often as Necessity requireth Then fement the Stomach with the Decoction of Comphry roots Quinces Wormwood Roses Pomegranate flowers and peels Myrtles Galls Frankincense Mastick and the like then apply astringent Unguents and Emplaisters to the Stomach and inwardly give Medicines of the same Nature Take of the Conserve of Roses and Comphrey roots and of Marmalad of Quinces of each one Ounce Bolearmenick Sanguis Draconis Terra Sigillata of each one Drachm Gum Arabick Red Corall and Blood stone of each half a Drachm Hypocistis Sarcocol and Frankincense of each one Scruple with Sirrup of Comphrey make an Opiate a little of which let the Patient take often if his Stomach loath the often use of one Medicine let Troches be made of the Powders and the Musilage of gum Traganth or into any other form How to make Troches see the fourth Book Give him for his Food in the mean time Chicken Broth and boil therein astringent Herbs fresh Barley and China Root CHAP. XLIII Of the Chollick The attractive and digestive Facultyes are not only hurt but the expulsive Faculty which chiefly respects the Intestines may also be defective and cause many distempers in the Body the first of which is the Chollick This Disease took its Name from the Part affected which is the Gut called by the Greek Colon and the Disease 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is caused by excrementitious Matter retained too long and by distending pricking or corroding causeth grievous pain Sometimes it is caused through Crudities bred by a cold Distemper of the Stomach and Intestines which causeth Wind to afflict the Guts being obstructed especially the Gut Coion sometimes cold grosse and phlegmatick Humours sticking to the Tunicles or Coats of the Guts cause constriction and divulsion and a gnawing pain also salt and sharp cholerick and melancholy sowr Humours by pricking and twitching the Cuts cause Pain Here note that if Wind or Humours remain onely in the Cavity of the Guts they might be easily excluded by evacuating cleansing and curminative Medicines but being for the most part fixed to the Coats of the Guts they are not expelled without difficulty There are other lesse usual Causes of the Chollick viz. Tumors in the adjoyning parts causing compression of the Guts Tumors and Inflammations in the Intestines causing Narrownesse Knots of Worms or Stones bred in the Guts which stop them sometimes a poysonous and malignant Matter engendreth a pestilent Chollick or Plague in the Guts The External causes are either a cold Aire which doth constringe the Belly or an Air too hot indurating the Excrements Raw Fruit Meats grosse and of hard Digestion in a Word every thing which disturbeth the concoction of the Stomach may here be taken for an External cause Diagnostick Signes are a very sharp pain sometimes moveable sometimes in the Region of the Stomach Liver Spleen Reins sometimes above and sometimes beneath the Nayel oftentimes in the left side so that by comparison of other Signes you must distinguish between this and the Spleen and Stone The Pain is like the Boaring of an Auger he vomiteth chole rick and phlegmatick Matter if the Stomach consenteth The pain is greater after Meat the Belly for the most part is bound that the Patient cannot so much as break Wind when he voideth Excrements they are windy like Cow dung with Water on the Top. The causes are also distinguished by their Signes If Phlegm be the cause the pain is not so violent the Sick hath used a phlegmatick Diet but if Wind be joyned with it the part seemeth as if it were boared through with a Wimble the Urine is crude and white yet sometimes the violent Pain enflameth the Spirits and the Urine appeareth yellow or red He is better for hot and the worse for cold things If cholerick Humours cause the Chollick there is a violent pulling and pricking Pain the Urine is cholerick a Diet breeding Choller went before he is the worse for hot Medicines there is great Heat Thirst and sometimes a Feaver If the Chollick proceed from Wind there is a stretching Pain and the Belly swelleth and the Wind rumbleth therein he findeth ease when he breaketh it If the Wind be in the Cavity the Pain is moveable and encreaseth and decreaseth If in the Coats of the Guts the Pain is fixed in respect of place and constant Prognostick signes are It the Chollick be gentle moveable and the Belly soluble it is easily cured on the contrary if the Pain be great and fixed the Belly bound the Patient wanteth Sleep vomiteth and is troubled with cold Sweats Hiccoughs Doting and Coldnesse of the extream parts it is alwayes dangerous and for the most part deadly An Epidemical and pestilent Chollick is very d●…ous If it come of sharp chollerick Humours ●…generateth sometimes into other worse Diseases as the Palsy Falling-Sicknesse and the Gout You must vary the Cure according to the diversity of Causes if Phlegm and Wind be the cause you must administer an emollient discussing and carminative Clister See Chap. 41 Of Pain in the Stomath three or four times in a day Or make a Decoction of emollient and carminative Herbs and boil therein three Drachms of Colloquintida If two or three Clisters provoke not to Stool make use of this Suppository Take of Hony sodden half an Ounce Hiera piera one Drachm Diacolo-Cynthidos one Scruple Salt Gemm half a Scruple mix them and make a Suppository It is not amisse if after all this you purge the noxious Humours mixing with your purge Narcoticks See Forrestus his Medicine prescribed in the aforenamed Chap. Or give an Ounce and an half of Manna of Oyl of Sweet Almonds newly drawn two Ounces give it in Broth. Then you must foment bathe or anoint the Belly See the aforesaid 41 Chap. The Bowels of a Wolf pulverized and the white Dung of the same is much commended if the Patient take a Drachm in white Wine The Electuary of Bay berries taken as much as a Nutmeg often easeth Pain This Medicine I have used with good Successe Take of Pellitory of the Wall Mints Parslypearch of each one handfull the Roots of Fennel Parsley Marshmallows and Butchers Broom of each half a handfull Juniper Berries one Ounce the Seeds of Aunis sweet Fennel and Cummis of each half an Ounce Bay berries three Drachms bruize slice and powder them Infuse them in white wine twenty four houres and distill it in Balneo after sufficient Evacuations give one Ounce Galen much commendeth the Application of a Cupping-glasse to the Navil
the parts by which the Stomach and Guts are provoked to send forth the Meat too soon Lastly in malignant Feavers and other dangerous Diseases the retentive Faculty is weakned and Nature being conquered degenerateth into a Lientery There is another Cause peculiar to the Coeliack Passion Namely the Obstruction of the Meseraick Veins which hinder the passage of the Chilus to the Liver and therefore must of necessity be cast forth by the Belly I need not lay down the Signes of this Disease being obvious to the Eye The Causes may be thus discovered If it come from a cold Distemper there are sowr Belchings the Excrements are phlegmatick If the Humours flow from the Head the Excrements are frothy and the Flux greater after Sleep the Signes of a Catarrh appear If it come from Provocation there is a Heat in the Hypocondria sharp and cholerick Excrements great Thust and a Gnawing in the Stomach These Diseases if they last long are very dangerous because Nature is deprived of her Nourishment and the Body soon falleth into a Dropsy or Atrophy If it follow other Diseases it is for the most part deadly If the Disease hath its originall from phlegmatick Humours covering the wrinkles of the Stomach you must use those remedyes propounded for the cure of Want of Appetite comming from a cold Cause with which make use of those things which are astringent to stay the Flux Clisters are of no great force except the Flux be violent in such Cases they must be astringent such as shall be prescribed in the 47 Chapter of the Flux Dysentery You must purge the peccant Humours and then strengthen the Stomach with the Medicines prescribed in the Cure of Want of Appetite for which purpose Amatus Lusitanus highly commendeth this following Opiate Take of Conserve of Roses six Ounces of the best Treacle six Drachms Sirrup of Quinces sufficient to make an Opiate give half an Ounce in the Morning and fast one hour If this Flux come from Provocation by cholerick Humours do as you are taught in the Chapter of cholerick Vomiting or you may use those things prescribed in the following Chapter of the Flux Diarrhaea For that which comes from the Imbecillity of the retentive Faculty now and then give Clisters made of Posset drink in which red Roses have been boiled and dissolve Sugar therein and the yelks of Eggs. Give inwardly strengthning and astringent things which are prescribed in the following Chapter and against cholerick vomiting Anoint the Stomach and Belly with this following Oyntment Take of the Oyls of Mastick Wormwood Mints and Myrtles of each two Drachms the Powders of Cinnamon Cloves and Galingale of each one Scruple the flowers of Pomgranates and red Roses of each half a Scruple Wax sufficient to make an Oyntment If this Disease depend upon the Obstruction of the Meseraick Veins use the Remedies prescribed for opening Obstructions of the Liver CHAP. XLVI Of the Flux Diarrhaea 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diarrhoea is a Flux of the Belly or a great and copious sending forth excrementitious Humours not of Food or Chylus as in the Lientery or Caeliack Passion nor of Blood with Inflammation or Ulceration of the Intestines as in the Dysentery which remaineth next to be spoken of The Humours voided are either Cholerick Phlegmatick Melancholy or Serous The Place from whence it comesis either from the whole Body or from the Brain Stomach Intestines Liver Spleen Mesentery Womb and the like The Cause is either Critical or Symptomatical Internal or External The Disease it self is easily known from what hath already been said the difference of the Matter and Humours sent forth are manifest to the Senses It is somwhat difficult to know from what part of the Body the Humours are sent If it come from the whole Body there hath been some Disease which hath afflicted the whole Body as Cachexia Leucophlegmatia a continuall Feaver or excessive Eating or Drinking If it comes from the Head the Excrements are froathy and are voided more violent by Night then by Day and there is some manifest Disease in the Head as a Catarrh Deafnesse Lethargy c. If the fault be in the Stomach the Patient filled himself with Food apt to corrupt or there be Signes of Concoction hurt viz. If the Humours be sharp cholerick and stinking the Concoction is hurt by a hot Distemper of the Stomach and the expulsive Faculty laboureth to throw it out If they be crude and phlegmatick Concoction is hurt by a cold Distemper If Worms in the Guts be the cause their Signes seek 〈…〉 Chapter of the Worms If the Humours come from the Liver they are cholerick and there appeareth some Distemper of the Liver If from the Spleen the Excrements are blackish and distempers of the Spleen and Hypocondria appear If from the Mesentery there is extention but Humours there have their original from the Liver or Spleen If from the Womb there are the Symptoms of the Womb affected To the Prognostick I say the Flux of the Belly which is Critical that is easily endured and is a benefit to the Patient by which Humours which are burthensome to Nature are discharged is good On the contrary if it be symptomatical painful weakning to Nature it is evil If the Excrements are thin voided often with Pain without Feeling when they are voided or in an acute Disease all these are evil Signes If the Excrements voided be yellow as yelks of Eggs green black blew or of divers colours it is evil If this Flux afflict a Woman with Child she is in great danger of Miscariage If the Excrements begin to grow thicker there is hopes of Recovery If a Flux happeneth in the Dropsy wherein the whole Body is affected it causeth a Recovery understand this where the Patient is young strong and the Disease but begun for if Nature be weakned by the long continuance of the Disease and the Flux happen the Disease and Life hand in hand go together For the Cure If the Body abound with Blood open a Vein if not if the Patient hath a Feaver it is good to let Blood Then purge the Humour offending with such Purgers that leave an Astringent behind them If the Body be strong vointing is good for it revelleth and evacuateth the Matter of the Disease Before and after purging give cleansing Clisters after the Body is sufficiently emptied give astringent all which the next Chapter will furnish you with Inwardly you may give astringent und strengthning Medicines prescribed in the next Chapter If your Patient be free from a Feaver boil new milk and scum off the Foam and quench red hot Steel often in it and let him drink thereof warm which is a present Remedy Unripe Mulberryes and Blackberryes dryed and heaten to powder is good to stay this Flux This Opiate is excellent Take of the juyce of Quinces Conserve of Roses of each one Ounce Sanguis Draconis Terra Sigillata and fine Bole of each one Drachm Bloodstone
the Musilage of Gum Traganth made with Rose or Plantane Water and the Suet of a Goat of each one Drachm which Emplastick Clisters as with a Plaister cover the internal Superficies of the Guts and preserveth the part from the gnawing of the Matter All this while you must give internal Medicines of the same Nature and the oftner if the upper Guts are ulcerated First to cleanse give Gears Milk to glutinate Cows Milk Chalybiated with it you may mix the juyce of Plantane Sirrup of Comphry Sugar of Roses the Troches of Amber and the white Troches of Rhasis Let the Sick eat Rice boiled in Chalybiated Milk or the Musilage of Gum Traganth and Arabick drawn as before in his Broth half a Drachm The Body being well cleansed you may make an astringent Decoction to compleat the Cure Take of the Roots of Bistort Tormentill and Comphry the Leaves of Plantane Yarrow Shepherds purse Horse-tayl Mousear and Agrimony of each one handfull the Seeds of Sorrel Sumach and Grape-stones of each one Ounce make a Decoction in four quarts of Water to the Consumption of half Sweeten the strained Liquor with the Sirrup of Comphry Quinces dryed Roses Myrtles or Corall Front what hath been said there is light enough for the Ingenious to make Medicines in any form to please the Pallate of his Patient which I omit being loath to be tedious but lest I should omit any thing necessary make an Opiate thus Take of Conserve of Roses and Quinces of each one Ounce Conserve of Comphry Roots half an Ounce Coral prepared Sanguis Draconis Bolearmenick sealed Earth Acatia Conserve of Sloes of each one Drachm burnt Ivory and Spodium of each one Scruple with any of the Sirrups aforesaid sufficient to make an Opiate and give the Quantity of a Chesnut Morning Night and Noon Narcoticks do Wonders especially if they be mixed with astringents and strengthners Take of Conserve of Roses and Services of each one Drachm Confectio Alchermes half a Scruple Laudanum three Grains make a Bolus Anoint the Belly with the Oyls of Quinces Myrtles Roses Mastich Wormwood and the like The Oyntment called Comitissae is of wonderful Virtue I might here teach you to make Fomentations and Cataplasms for the purpose aforesaid of the aforenamed Simples but seeing the Ingenious need it not and the Ignorant deserve it not I shall save that labour fearing my Booke will swell to a greater Volume then I intended What ever you do remember to strengthen the Liver with Cataplasms for that purpose made of Simples strengthning the Liver If the Dysentery be Epidemical and Malignant Sudorifick Medicines are of great force As Medicines made of Bezoar and Treacle water you must begin with Cordials and proceed as you do in a Malignant Feaver CHAP. XLVIII Of Tenasmus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek and Tenasmus in Latine is a continual desire to go to Stool yet the Patient voideth nothing but Slime and bloody Matter it is caused by an Ulcer in the Intestinum rectum or streight Gut from which filthy Matter continually flowing provoketh the expulsive Faculty hence followeth a continual desire to go to Stool This Disease properly belongeth to a Dysentery yet by custom when onely the streight Gut is ulcerated it is called Tenasmus therefore I shall not insert the Causes being the same with the former For the Knowledg of this Disease it is easy to distinguish between this and a Dysentery In a Tenasmus the desire of going to Stool is continual in the Dysentery by Fits onely In the first notwithstanding all straining nothing is voided but Slime bloody or mattery in the other both Exerements and Humours are voided The Signes of the Causes seek in the former Chapter Tenasmus for the most part is easily cured but is dangerous if a melancholy Humour be the Cause lest it turn to an ulcerated Cancer yet for the most part it is of long Continuance and very troublesome If a Woman with Child hath the Tenasmus it brings many Inconveniences to her and great danger of Miscarriage Hippocrates saith she will miscarry but I have known the contrary True it is a Woman seldom escapeth in that condition for that Motion doth much disturb the Womb because the same Muscles which serve to cast forth the Excrements are employed for Delivery If the Ulcer be near the Fundament or Anus if it continue long it turns to an incurable Fistula For the Cure I shall refer you to the former Chapter it being the same both in the Causes and the part affected of the same Nature with the other Intestines CHAP. XLIX Of the Flux of the Liver FLuxus Hepaticus a Flux of the Liver is when serous and bloody Humours are voided much like Water wherein Flesh hath been washed It is caused by an evil Disposition consuming the radical Moisture of the Liver and destroyeth the natural Heat thereof this Disposition cometh by burning and swooning Feavers by a hot Distemper of the Bowels or by great Coldness from abundance of Phlegm and Melancholy which oppresseth the natural Heat Outward Causes as great draughts of cold Water extraordinary eating of raw Sallets poysonous and too violent Purges salt sharp and peppered Meats which parch the Substance of the Liver may corrupt the natural Hear There is also a bastard Flux of the Liver when the radical Moisture is not in fault nor the Faculty hurt yet the Blood is impure and corrupt by the mixture of Choller Melancholy or some corrupt Matter or by its staying too long in the Liver and the parts adjacent by which it is made thick burnt or rotten or the Spleen is in fault and doth not suck away the drossy Blood In this Bastard Fluy thick and black Blood and sometimes Blood mixed with divers Humours is voided The Signes of this Disease may be gathered from what hath been said and it differeth from the Dysentery in this that the Stools are l●quid bloody and watry and voided without pain The Signes of the Causes most be considered If this defect of the Liver come from a hoe Distemper there went before a burning Feaver or a Feaver is present green Vomits or Stcols Thirst Foulnesse of Body and Want of Appetite stinking Evacuations If from cold the Stools are not so stinking nor is there Thirst the whose Body is colder and blewish Moist and dry Causes produce contrary Effects a moist Distemper causeth more Stools and thin a dry sewer and thicker and lesse in Quantity with much Thirst This Disease is very dangerous because a principal part is affected and the radical Moisture consumed which can scarcely be restored and nothing but destruction to be hoped for so much the more if the Disease comes of Hear If it comes in Feavers the whole Body melteth and putrifieth If it come from a cold Cause it losteth the longer and turns into an incurable Dropsy Though a Bastard-Flux of the Liver be dangerous yet it is farr lesse then a true one because the Liver
Stomack CHAP. LVIII Of the Obstruction Inflammation and Tumor of the Spleen THe Spleen is subject to Obstruction as well as the L●ver or rather more because it draweth cruder blood when thick humors stick in the substance of the Spleen it maketh an inflammation and Tumor If the humors grow thick and hard it breeds a Scirrhus If the Tumor be phlegmatick it is called Oedma which chanceth to them who live upon cold and moyst food or live in a moyst ayre But if it be soft loose puffed up it is called an inflammation or puffing of the Spleen The causes of the Obstruction Inflammation tumour of the Spleen are the same with them of the Liver Sometimes the affect seizeth on both together They are distinguished by their Signes the Obstruction of the Spleen is distinguished from the Obstruction of the Liver by the scituation of the part If the Spleen be obstructed there is heavinesse and pain in the left Hypochondrion especially after running riding or any more than ordinary exercise if you handle the hypochondrion there is resistance the face is blewish and Signes of melancholly appeare the disease is of long continuance and if it be not speedily cured it turnes to a Scirrhus The cure is performed the same way as the Obstruction of the Liver is only you must add things which particularly respect the Spleen and purge the Melancholly humor The inflammation of the Spleen likewise hath the same conjunct and antecedent cause only it is especially caused by Melancholly Blood The Diagnostick Signes are different viz the Patient hath swelling pain heavinesse and beating on the left side under the ribs thirst blacknesse of the tongue loathing of meat a constant fever troublesome lying on either side especially the right somtimes the Tumor is in the shape of the Spleen Somtimes fills the left Hypochondrion and if the adjacent parts be inflamed also it extendeth below the Navell If only Melancholly blood cause the inflammation the Tumor is harder the colour black and many times the Urine If choler be mixed with melancholly blood the thirst is greater the Fever stronger and worse every third day the mouth bitter and the Urine red great want of sleep and doting If phlegme be mixed the former symptomes are lessened The Prognostick is the same with the inflammation of the Liver only it is lesse dangerous for as much as the Liver is the nobler part If it endeth not in Death it endeth by some criticall Evacuation as by Stoole Urine or Bleeding at the left Nostrill or else it grows hard and turnes to a Schirrhus Which may be known by the causes and signes laid down in the Chapter of the Schirrhus of the Liver only it appeareth on the contrary side The cure of this and the former may be performed by the medicines laid down in the Chapters of the inflammation obstruction and Schirrhus of the Liver only make use of some things that especially respect the Spleen and purge melancholly as I hinted before Somtimes the Spleen is much pained by wind which stretcheth the Spleen and its membranes but is without fever or hardnesse It is easily distinguished from the former griefs but hardly from the Chollick by reason of the neernesse of the Gut Colon but you may distinguish them thus the pain of the Spleen is weighty and in one place but of the Chollick is stretching sharp moveable and runs over the whole Belly The Cure must be wrought by Medicines carminative emollient and discussive given internally or Clisters of the same Nature with Fomentations and Liniments made of the Oyls of Wormwood Lillyes Camomell Capers and such like adding a little of the Oyl of Spike and if the pain cease not some commend the Application of a Cupping-Glasse but be well advised first whether there be no Defluxion or Inflammation CHAP. LX. Of Hypocondriack Melancholy THis Disease hath its Originall from melancholly and adust Humours which are bred by the Distemper of the Spleen or Stomach which by reason of of their Crudity stay long in the Veins Arteries and other Passages which cause great and grievous Fermentations or Workings from whence noisome Vapours ascend to the Brain Heart and Midriff which cause divers Symptoms which I shall mention hereafter The antecedent Causes are all Meats of evill Juyce and of hard Digestion long continued Passions and Sadnesse because they disperse the Spirits and hinder Concoction and cause Credityes which being burnt by Heat turn to Melancholy Much Study Watching and want of Excercise may be the Cause by reason of much Retention of Excrements hence it is that learned men and such who sit much are troubled with this Disease The Stoppage of the Terms or Haemorrhoids may be the Cause The Diagnostick Signs of this Disease are many according to the parts affected Sometimes the Patient spitteth or vomiteth much because the Stomach concocteth ill and turneth the Nourishment into watry sharp sowr or clammy Substance which not being drawn away by the Guts ly in the Stomach and sometimes discharge themselves as aforesaid Sometimes the boiling of these Humours in the Stomach causeth flaruous Vapours which stretch the Stomach and afflict the Heart and cause Swooning These Vapours cause a Noise beneath the Ribs hence it hath been called the windy Disease Sometimes the Wind reacheth to the Kidneys and causeth great Pain there which maketh the Patient think he hath the Stone He is often costive because the clammy Humours bred by evill Concoction stick to the Guts sometimes the Sharpnesse of the Humours causeth the Belly to be soluble There is great Heat in the Hypocondria so that the Face will grow red and hot from those Vapours Sometimes the Urine is thin because thick and tartarous Humours stop the Passages sometimes thick red and troubled and hath a thick tartarous Sediment and sometimes stick to the bottom of the Urin all like Sand which causeth a Suspition of the Stone but this dissolves between the Fingers like Salt and that which is bred in the Reins is hard The Vapours ascending produce many Symptomes as Palpitation of the Heart a distempered Pulse if they ascend to the Tongue and Pallat it causeth great Thirst if to the Lungs difficulty of the Breathing if to the Membranes of the Brain Head ach if to the Brain it self Dimnesse of sight Noise in the Ears Giddinesse Fear and melancholy Phantasies if they be very sharp they sometimes cause the Falling-Sicknesse and if they settle in the Nervs Convulsion if they be stupifying they cause Numbnesse the Palsy Apoplexy c If the Vapours be hot and dry they dry the Brain and cause Watchings troublesom Sleep and frightfull Dreams Note that all these Symptoms are not to be expected in one and the same Patient but more or fewer according to the variety of the peccant Humours Prognosticks are A continual Pain and Giddinesse of the Head in a Hypocondry doth threaten an Epilepsy Apoplexy or Blindnesse and the like Thick Urine
Sulphur and Vitriol Of these and such like may several sorts of Medicines be formed which for Brevity sake I omit CHAP. LXII Of the Stone in the Kidneys THe material Cause of the Stone in the Kidneys is a phlegmatick feculent thick slimy and tartarous Humour in the Urine the efficient Cause is Heat which drieth and hardneth the Matter and at length turneth it into a Stone this is the Opinion of Hippocrates and Galen and most modern Physitians The Hermetick Physitians have found a certain Juyce which they call Succus Lapidiscens which is a certain Humour naturally proper to turn to a Stone and this they say is the material Cause of the Stone and the efficient Cause to be Spiritus Lapidiscens a stone-making Spirit So that if a man eat or drink any thing wherein the Stony Juyce is that Juyce is turned into a Stone if the Reins have a Stone-making Spirit But if the Reins be free from this Spirit a Stone is not bred unlesse the stony-Juyce be very predominate on the contrary if the Reins have this stony Faculty and the Food be free from this Juyce the Stone is scarcely engendered unlesse the stone-making Faculty be very predominate Many Historyes shew that Stones come from a stone-making spirit or Breath out of the Earth which hath turned the Bodyes of Men Beasts and other things into Stone Riverius upon this Subject in his last Edition quoteth Aventius Annal. Bavar lib. 7 An. 1343 who saith that above fifty men with many Cows were turned into Stone Ortellius tells the same story of whole heards in Russia And Camerarius reporteth that in the Province of Chilo in Armenia at the blast of a South Wind which happeneth four times in a year whole Troops of horse have been turned into Statues of stone standing in the warlick posture in which they were before The Antecedent Causes are many The Stomach being not able to concoct well sendeth a crude Chyle to the Liver A hot Liver doth bake the chylous Matter or a cold Liver maketh crude Blood the Spleen weak or obstructed doth not sufficiently purge the drossy Blood these do cause even the Blood or crude Juyces fit to make a Stone Likewise the Reins besides their conjunct Cause may be an Antecedent Cause in two respects viz. their Temper and Form First their Temper being hot doth violently draw the crude Matter and thicken it In respect of their Form the emulgent Veins may be loose and fit to receive the tartarous Matter into the Reins and the Ureters so narrow that the thick Matter hath not passage from the Kidneys Lastly all Food that produceth crude thick and slimy Nourishment doth afford Matter for the Stone as Flesh or Fish that is very salt or dryed in the smoak Pulse Cheese and all Milk-Meats hard Eggs Chesnuts Pears Quinces Medlars Rice Wine thick and not well purged standing Waters all things which make the Liver and Reins too hot as old strong Wine Garlick Onions Pepper and Ginger too strong Diureticks which carry crude Matter too violently to the Reins violent Excercise after Meat inordinate Lechery too much Fulnesse or Emptinesse and the like The Signs of the Stone of the Kidneys are many viz. a constant pain about the Loyns whilst it is in the hollow of the Kidneys the pain is heavy when it gets into the head of the Ureters sharp and pricking and so continueth unlesse it get back again or fall into the Cavity of the Bladder The Urine is sometimes bloody by reason of the opening Corrosion of the Veins or cutting of the tender Flesh of the Kidneys sometimes it is thin and little in Quantity Voiding of Sand and Stones is an evident sign of the Stone but if the Patient voideth Gravell without stones be not too hasty in your Judgment but take the Caution given you in the 60 Chapter Of the Hypocondriack Melancholy The Thigh on the same side the Back is pained becometh numb because the Stone doth oppresse the Nerve which is in the Muscles of the Loyns under the Reins and goeth to the Hip for its Motion The Sick loatheth and vomiteth often by reason of the Connexion of the Kidneys with the Stomach the Stomach sympathetically sensible endeavoureth to exclude that hurtful companion Be sure you make a distinction between the Stone in the Kidneys and the Chollick have recourse to the 43 Chapter where I have left a few Rules This Disease is very dangerous and bringeth many and sad Symptoms as Inflammations Exulcerations great Pains long Watchings Weaknesse Feavers Suppression of Urine and Death it self It is difficult to cure if not incurable in old men saith Hippocrates with whom Experience agreeth If the pain hath continued long and violent and the Sick grow externally cold with cold and faint Sweats Death is at hand If the Stone be accompanied with an Ulcer of the Kidneys it is incurable because those things which do break the Stone do exasperate the Ulcer The Cure of the Stone in the Kidneys consisteth in mollifying enlarging or relaxing and throwing the Stone out of the Ureters to break the Stone if it be too big for the Passage to take away the antecedent Cause and to ease pain which you must do thus first open the Liver-Vein on the same side that is most grieved draw as much Blood as the Constitution of the Patient can well spare Then administer a mollifying and laxative Clister Take of Common and Marsh-Mallows Camomill Penny-royall Pellitory of the Wall and Violet Leavs of each one handfull the Seeds of sweet Fennell Flax and Faenugreek of each half an Ounce boil it in Posset-drink to a Pint strain it and dissolve therein Cassia Catholicon and Diaphaenicon of each three Drachms the Oyls of Rue and Scorpions of each one Ounce make a Clister and administer it Likewise the Oyls of sweet-Almonds Camomill Dill Lillyes and Violets are good to be used in Clisters of this Nature This Clister or one of the same Nature you must give twice or thrice in a week and in the dayes between foment the Region of the Kidneys with a Fomentation made of the aforenamed simples or others of the like Nature which I shall treat of before I put an end to this Chapter Afterwards anoint the part with the Oyls aforenamed Or you may make a Cataplasm of white Bread sodden in white Wine and if you add any of the aforesaid Oyls it will be the better Afterwards lay a Plaister to the place Take of the Oyl of Camomill and Rue of each half an Ounce of Dill and sweet-Almonds of each two Drachms Goose and Hens Grease of each one Drachm with Wax and the compound Melilot Plaister as much as sufficeth make a Plaister and apply it In the mean time you must not forget inward Medicines which have a Faculty to break the Stone to ease pain and mollify and enlarge the Ureters The simples following are approved of viz. the Roots of Asparagus Birthwort Fennell Butchers-Broom Filipendula
vitall Heat is decayed and the Body oppressed with cold and moist Humours The other Cause you may discover in those whose Bladder nor Sphincter is no ways distempered but they imagine when the Quantity and Sharpnesse of the Vrine stirreth up the expulsive Faculty that they are pissing against the Wall and so get a custome of it which cannot be cured by Medicines The Sphincter Muscle may become weak or loose by Youth old Age decay of vitall Heat by the Palsy in Women from Diseases of the Womb or hard Labour cutting for the Stone or any Wound there or deep Vlcer This Disease is easily known and the cause thereof is as easily discovered if it come by Wound Vlcer old Age or the like it is apparent If it come by consent of other parts the Diseases of those parts are obvious as the original If neither of them appear consider the cold and moist Temper of the part which is known by the internall and external causes and the Effects upon them depending as Softnesse of the Body Whitenesse and Loosenesse of the Nervs about the privityes Childhood Age evill phlegmatick Concoction and such like In old Men this Disease is incurable because the vitall Hant cannot be repaired In Children Nature worketh the cure when they grow elder by drying up the superfluous Humidity and knitting the Muscle but if a man continue so till the Age of twenty or twenty five he is incurable If involuntary Pissing come to a man sick of an acute Feaver Death is at hand If this Disease come by a Wound or Vlcer or any other manifest Disease the cure depends upon the removing of them otherwise the cure is wrought by amending the cold and moist Distemper and the Loosenesse of the Sphincter Muscle First you must purge the cold and phlegmatick Humours add to your phlegm-Purgers such Medicines which purge and leav a binding Quality behind it as Rubarb Myrabolans and the like Then give Medicines that knit the part and dry the Humours Take of the Roots of Comphry and Cypresse of each half an Ounce Cypresse-Nuts and Myrtles dryed of each two Drachms Coriander Seed prepared red Corall Amber and Shavings of Ivory of each one Drachm the Seeds of Plantane Rue and Acorn cups of each two Scruples powder them and with the Sirrup of Comphry make an Opiate and give the Quantity of a chesnut Morning and Evening or drink half a Drachm of the powder in red Wine Sweating Medicines are much cōmended Things proper for the cure of this Disease are the Brain and Stones of a Hare burnt the Throat of a Cock Snails and Egg shells Mice fryed or dryed to powder Hogs Hoofs powdered Agrimony and the Gizzards of Hens in powder Apply Medicines to the Privityes that are hot strengthning and astringing Let him drink the Decoction of the inward Bark of an Oak of Sloes and such like and let him avoid drink to bedward You must allay the Symptomes which may accompany this Disease as Feavers Thirst Watchings Consumptions c. by the Remedies laid down in their proper chapters CHAP. LXVIII Of the Stoppage of Urine and Strangury THe Stoppage of Urine and the Strangury are Diseases which differ onely in degree the first is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Iscuria is when the Urine is totally stopped when little is voided then it is called Stranguria The first is caused by an Obstruction in the Nerv which helpeth the expulsive Faculty of the Bladder by the Palsy or some sleepy or stupifying Disease A cold Distemper of the Bladder dulling the Sense thereof may be the Cause Sometimes an Inflammation or Tumor in the Muscle of the Bladder may stop the Passage the Stone some thick humor clod of Blood or the like Sometimes by long holding of Water by which the Bladder is so stretched that it cannot contract it self to open the Passage Sometimes the Bladder is empty no Urine cometh to it this is called a bastard Iscuria and may be caused by some hurt in the attractive or expulsive Faculty of the Roins The attractive Faculty is hure by some Stoppage in the Reins or emulgent Veins The Reins may be obstructed by the Stone thick Phlegm or the like the emulgent Veins by abundance of Blood or Water Sometimes the watry humour is spent as in Feavers or sent to some other part as in the Dropsy by which means the attractive Faculty of the Reins is hindered The expulsive Faculty of the Reins is hindered by the Stone Phlegm or clods of Blood Diag The Disease is easily known the Causes thereof may be obtained If it come by long holding the Urine the Patient is able to inform you If there be a stoppage in the part the use of the Catheter or fearing Candle and the ingenuity of the Artist will discover the Nature of the stoppage If the Passage be stopped by the Stone the Symptoms of the Stone have gone before If a Caruncle there hath gone before a Gonorrhaea or an Vlcerin the passage of the Yard If clods of Blood stop the Passage the Patient hath formerly voided Blood and clotted Blood will stick to the Catheter The Strangury is thus known there is neither Weight Tumor or Extension about the Privityes but rather an Emptinesse the attractive or expulsive Faculty of the Reins is obstructed as aforesaid Prognosticks are thus made This Disease is ever dangerous if it continue above seven dayes it is deadly The same judge if the Patient hath Hiccough or Tenasmus accompanying this Disease or if it came by a Wound or Blow upon the back-bone or if his Breath stink of Pisse The Cure of both these consisteth in removing the Causes If it proceed from the fullnesse of the emulgent Veins bleeding is good if from Diseases of the Reins or Ureters seek the Cure out of the Chapters that treat of the Pain Inflammation or Stone in the Kidneys If it depend upon the Inflammation of the Bladder see the 64 Chapter If upon the Stone fastned in the Neck of the Bladder lay the Patient upon his back with his Thighs lifted up move him hither and thither till the Stone fall out of the Passage if that will not do make use of the Catheter If the Stone lyeth in the Passage of the Yard bathe the Yard in warm Milk or Oyl labour to get it out with your fingers if it will not come out bind the Yard on each side and make an Incision on the upper side of the Yard If a Caruncle stop the Passage Medicines which are proper to take it away must be conveyed to the part with a Wax-Candle If Phlegm obstruct purge it with Medicines convenient and when you see occasion give such as provoke Urine The Chapters of the Stone of the Bladder or Kidneys will direct you how to prepare them as also Clisters Fomentations Unguents and the like CHAP. LXIX Of the Scalding of the Urine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dysuria in
Greek is a Disease which modern Writers call Scalding of the Urine it differs from Stranguria in this that more Water is made and with farr more pain Any thing that can wound the Sphincter-Muscle or passage of the Bladder may be the Cause The usuall Cause is either a mixture of sharp Humours with the Urine or sometimes the sharpnesse of the Urine caused by the eating of hot and sharp Meats or by the hot Distemper of the Bowels Liver or other parts or from evill Concoction in the Stomach or Liver by which the Blood is not freed from salt and tartarous Humours which being sucked to the Kidneys is sent to the Bladder causeth pain Filthy Matter comming from an Ulcer in the Reins or Bladder may be the Cause he who is troubled with a Gonorrhaea or Running of the Reins is seldom free from scalding Urine To conclude the Stone or large Gravel may be the Cause The Knowledge of this Disease is evident the Signes of the Causes are easily gathered If it be caused by the Stone Inflammation or Gonorrhaea it is known by their proper Signes If from sharpnesse of Urine by the mixture of Humours the Urine will be thin and high coloured or in it will appear a mixture of Choller Phlegm or Matter the Patient hath eaten hot things or else hath some hot Distemper This Disease is not very dangerous unlesse it continue long and ulcerateth the Neck of the Bladder Sometimes it is hard to be cured especially if the Patient be old The Cure must be wrought by taking away the Cause If a mixture of sharp Humours make the Vrine sharp first make use of Phlebotomy which is good to correct the hot Distemper of the Liver and other parts make use of this Evacuation as often as the Patient's Constitution will bear and the Distemper require then to derive it from the part affected open the lower Veins Then purge with Cassia Manna Rubarb Mirabolans Tamarinds and such things which purge gently if you give it with the Decoction of Plantane Mallows Lettice Purslane and the like it will be the better A gentle Vomit is much commended as a good Revulsion Cooling Clisters are good Inwardly the Whey of Goats milk or Mineral Waters that cool are good for ordinary drink Or this Julep Take of the Roots of Marsh and common Mallows of each one Ounce Lettice Endive Purslane and Violet Leavs of each one Handfull Jujubes and Sebestens of each one Ounce of the four great cold Seeds a Drachm the flowers of Violets Roses and water-Lillyes of each one Pugil boil them in Spring Water to a Pint and an half strain it and add of Jujubes Violets and Poppyes of each one Ounce and an half Oyl of Vitriol twenty Drops make a Julep for four Doses to be taken Morning and Evening If there be no Feaver give Milk by it self The Troches of Winter Cherryes is good If the pain be very great let the Patient when he maketh Water put his Yard into warm Milk or a Decoction of Mallows and other cooling Herbs Or inject Milk Plantane-Water or an Emulsion of the cold Seeds into the Passage Baths and Fomentations made of cool Herbs are good and if the Privities be anointed with Unguentum Populeon the Oyl or Unguent of Roses Oyl of Lillyes and the like it profiteth If the Liver Reins or other parts by their Heat be the Cause use Medicines that are good to cool them If the Liver be too hot bleed the Haemorrhoids or make an Issue in the right Leg. If it come from the Stone Inflammation or Vlcer of the Bladder or Kidneys cure them according to the Rules in their proper Chapters but the cooling Medicines before mentioned are good to allay the Symptomes CHAP. LXX Of Pissing of Blood THough Blood may come from divers parts of the Body to the Passages of the Vrine yet I shall here speak onely of that bloody Vrine which is made from the defect of the Reins or Bladder The usual Causes are much sharp Blood which corrodeth the Veins or plenty of Blood which bursteth them Sometimes a Stone in the Reins or Bladder being moved by Riding or violent Excercise by its roughnesse teareth the part A Fall or Stroak vehement Motion lifting or carrying may break a Vein Sometimes the Weakness of the Reins being not able to divide the Vrine from the Blood may cause this Disease This Disease is apparent to the Senses for when Blood is mixed with the Vrine it appeareth like Water wherein Flesh hath been washed with Clods of Blood at the bottom if it stayes too long in the Bladder it looks black The place that is pained shews the part affected If it come from the Reins it is more mixed with the Urine then if it come from the Bladder If it come from the Bladder it is in a lesser Quantity If it come from the Stone in the Kidneys or Bladder the Signes mentioned in their proper Chapters will appear If it come from Repletion or Sharpnesse of Humours the Abundance of Blood Choller Melancholy or such Humours appear in the Body If it come by a Blow Fall violent Exercise c. the Patient is able to inform This Disease if it be violent and continue long is very dangerous for sometimes the Patient falleth into a Consumption sometimes into the Dropsy Sometimes it causeth a Stoppage of Urine and sometimes an Vlcer breedeth in the place from whence the Blood Floweth If Blood or sharp Humours abound begin the Cure with blood-letting after a while for derivation let the Haemorrhoids and the Saphaena or Ancle-Vein be opened Then purge the chollerick Humours with those Medicines that are prescribed in the 30 Chapter Of Spitting of Blood After you have purged sufficiently give things that knit the Veins and stop Blood For this purpose give four or five Ounces of the Juyce of Plantane and a Scruple of the Troches of Amber or of Gordonius Morning and Evening Forestus in his Observations doth much commend Sheeps Milk six Ounces with one Drachm of Bolearmenick is the Dose The Decoction of Knot-grasse Purslane Horse-Tail Comphry roots Plantane Pomgranats Quinces and the like Likewise the Powder of red Coral Blood-Stone Sanguis Draconis Terra Sigillata given with the Water or Juyce of Plantane is good Giye cooling Juleps to allay the Heat of the Blood Apply such things to the Loins as cool and astringe thus Take of the Roots of Bistort Comphry and Clowns-Wound-Wort of each one Ounce Horse-Tail Plantane Purslane Knot grasse and Shepherds purse of each one Handfull Pomgranate peels half an Ounce Sumach Myrtle Berryes and Hypocystis of each two Drachms Acorn cups red and yellow Sanders of each one Drachm red Roses three pugils boil them in Smith's Water and Vinegar therewith soment the Reins Then anoint the Loins with Unguentum Comitissae and Refrigerans Galeni and if you would have it bind more add the juyce of Plantane or such like Sanguis Draconis c. Then wear a
too much Blood which doth so dilate the Vessels that they cannot contract to expell it too little when the Body hath not enough for its Nourishment It offendeth in Quality when the Blood is thick slimy and viscuous by some cold Distemper of the Liver or by the mixture of such Humours with the Blood It offends in Motion when it flows some other way as by the Haemorrhoids by Urine the Nose Vomiting and by Spitting and many other wayes Riverius saith that he saw a Maid which had a sore Head which opened once a month and bled plentifully and I know a Maid in the same Condition at this time Externall causes are taking cold in the time of the Flux eating things of a very hot Nature by which the Substance of the Liver is dryed or Food that is cold thick and astringent especially at the time of Purgation eating too much or too little by too long retaining of Excrements by bleeding at the Nose or any unnatural Evacuation by Vomit Seige Urine or Sweat To these add the externall Causes mentioned in the Chapter aforegoing Of the Green-Sicknesse This Disease is known by the Patient's Relation but it is convenient to distinguish between this kind of Suppression and that which is common to Women with Child They who have their Menstrues thus stopped are pale and more discoloured then those who are with Child They who are in this condition the longer it continues the more the Symptoms encrease the contrary you shall find in Women with Child They are likewise more sad and melancholy then those who are with Child In these the lower Belly though it swell yet it is not so hard nor proportionable to the Womb. And Lastly an expert Midwife may distinguish it by the mouth of the Womb for in these the mouth of the Womb is not so close shut as in a Woman with Child but rather hard and painfull More particularly the Stoppage of the Vessels of the Womb are known by a pain in the Loins especially when the Terms should flow and if any thing issueth it will be white or blackish and slimy If the parts adjacent be obstructed the Veins in the Thighs Arms by abundance of Blood are swollen especially if the Woman be fleshy plethorick and hath fed high Or else the Woman wanteth Blood Or the Blood is corrupted which you may perceive by the evill habit of the Body and some Disease of the Liver If the Blood hath a praeposterous Motion or flow some other way it is manifest The Stoppage of the Terms is very dangerous and many I had almost said all Diseases may come thereof It is lest dangerous if it come by reason of too much Blood It is worst which cometh by Streightnesse of the Vessels or crude and slimy Humours which obstruct them The Cure consisteth in this generally If too much Blood be the cause abate the Quantity by Phlebotomy first in the Arm then in the lower Veins Then by Fomentations soften and relax the parts about the Womb and give such Purges as do properly provoke the Terms If you find that Want of Blood is the cause of the Obstruction use Restoratives in the first place and whatever you find to be the cause of Extenuation let that be removed and if you find a praeposterous Motion of the Blood labour to repell it and drive it to the Passage of the Womb. But seeing that for the most part this Obstruction is in the Veins of the Womb you may follow the same Rule in cure prescribed in the Chap Of the Green sicknesse adding such things which more especially respect the Womb. Purge thus Take of Aloes three Drachms the Masse of Cochy Pills one Drachm with the Juyce of Savin or Sirrup of Mugwort make twenty Pills and give three in the Morning every third day Emollient Clisters are likewise of great use After Phlebotomy and sufficient purging give such things as powerfully open Obstructions such as are prescribed in the cure of Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen to these add Medicines made of the Roots of Asparagus Parsly Fennel Smallage Maddir Elicampane Birth-Wort Angelica Cyperus the leavs of Wormwood Calamint Camomill Origan Southern-wood Mugwort Pennyroyall Hyssop Hore-Hound Rue Motherwort Sage Fether-few Maiden-hair Nep and Savin the seeds of Smallage Parsly Fennel Juniper Bayes Annis Cummin Nettles and such like of these may be made Decoctions or distilled Waters Sitrups and the like which I omit fearing my Book will swell to a farr bigger volume then I intended Of these or such like you may make a Bath for the Patient to sit in afterwards anoint the Share parts about the Privities with the Oyl of Dill Rue Lillyes c. You may likewise make dry Suffumigations with Castor Storax Galbanum Cinnamon Frankincense Bdellium Benzoins Lignum Aloes Cloves and Mace Or you may make Pessaries with the masse of Cochy pills Hony and the Juyce of Mercury Or with Hiera Picra and Benedicta Laxativa with the Hony and Juyce aforesaid but this remember that Pessaryes must be applyed to married Women onely If the Disease be inveterate let Issues be made in the Legs and after the menstrual Flux is obtained let them be dryed up again CHAP. LXXIII Of the immoderate Menstruall Flux Mensium Fluxus Immodicus is when the monthly Terms do exceed in Quantity come too often or stay too long This is caused by an opening of the Veins either by Abundance Heat Sharpnesse or Thinnesse of the Blood or by some Blow Fall or Wound to understand the Cause more fully have recourse to the 19 and 30 Chapters Of bleeding at the Nose and spitting of Blood The Disease it self may be known by the Patient's information and the Symptoms which follow viz. decay of Strength and Appetite an ill habit of the Body by reason of ill Digestion Swelling of the Legs and a Leady coloured Complexion To know the Causes observe that a thin habit of the Body with a Diet which doth encrease thin and wheyish Blood or you may perceive the thin and wheyish Humours in the Blood which cometh from the Patient this sheweth that the Blood soaketh thorough the Veins If the Coats or Ends of the Veins be broken the Patient hath had soule Wound Bruise or Fall or used some immoderate Labour Excercise or Venery hath indured too great Heat or Cold or she hath had a hard bargain in Child-birth a Miscarriage or been handled by an unskilfull Midwife If there be an Exulceration in the Womb by which the Veins are eaten thorough the Blood droppeth by little and little with Pain and Sharpnesse the Patient's Body is afflicted with sharp and cholerick Humours the Blood which issueth is at first matterish wheyish blackish or yellow If it encrease the Ends of the Veins come with the Blood and the Flux encreaseth and is hard to be stopped Prognosticks are All long and lasting Issues of Blood are dangerous especially those of the Womb that which comes by soaking
and Castor Then foment the Privityes and Share with a mollifying Decoction to which add Briony Roots and the Roots of wild Cucumber round Birth-wort and the like And put up a Pessary made in this manner Take of the Roots of round Birth-wort Orice black Hellebore Coloquintida and Mirrh of each one Drachm Galbanum Opopanax of each half a Drachm with Ox Gall make a Pessary and apply it If all this will not do you must implore the help of the Chirurgion If the After-birth be retained you must endeavour to expell it by such Medicines as expell the dead Child to which add these which are said to have a specifick property the Stones of a gelded Horse dried and powdered and given as much as will ly on a three pence two or three times as need requireth is commended by Gesnerus and Augenius Some commend the Juyce of an Onion given in Wine or an Onion held in the Woman's mouth between her teeth and the Juyce squeezed out and swallowed and a Draught of white-Wine drunk after it Or 20 or 30 drops of the Oyl of Juniper drunk in Wine or the Juyce of Lovage taken in Renish Wine If her Purgations flow immoderately that you fear the Death of the Woman or in case her Purgations be suppressed which may cause dangerous Symptoms have Recourse to the Chapters treating of those Maladyes Many Women are much troubled with after-pains which do much afflict them and these pains are caused either by the Thicknesse or Sharpnesse of the Blood or by Wind. If the Blood be thick you may know it by its clotting if thin by its Tenuity or yellow Colour If the Blood be thick give this Julep Mugwort water two Ounces sirrup of Violets oyl of sweet Almonds of each half an Ounce If the Blood be sharp add to the former the Musilage of Quince Seeds drawn with Violet Water half an Ounce If Wind be the Cause of these Pains which you may know by its Motion from one part of the Belly to the other then give inwardly and apply outwardly carminative Medicines Take of the Seeds of Carrots one Drachm of Annise Nutmeg and Cinnamon of each a Scruple make them into fine Powder and give it half at one time in Wine Foment her Belly with the Decoction of Bawm Bay Leavs Camomill Calamint Mugwort and the Seeds of Carrots Caraway and Cummin and lay on a Pultise made of boiled Onions Camomill Flowers the Seeds of Flax and Cummin beaten and Barly Meal CHAP. LXXXII Of the Gout and Sciatica 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arthritis in Greek in Latine Articularis Morbus is the Joynt-Sicknesse caused by an Influx of Humours into them which causeth pain in the Membranes Tendons and Nervs Authors do commonly make four sorts of Gouts according to the diversity of the Joynts affected as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chiragra the Hand-Gout of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Hand 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gonagra when it is in the Knees of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Knee 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Podagra when it is in the Foot because the Greeks call the Foot 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ischias the Hip-Gout or Sciatica of the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Hip. The immediate cause of the Gout is a wheyish Humour flowing to the Joynts and by its Quantity stretcheth the sensible parts or by its Sharpnesse twitcheth them and this Humour floweth not onely from the Brain and Head but from all parts of the Body The cause may be attributed to all Meats which encrease raw and wheyish Humours Meats of a grosse Substance hard to be digested and such as afford plenty of Excrements Gluttony Drunkennesse immoderate Venery therefore the Gout is called the daughter of Bacchus and Venus long Sleep and unseasonable Watchings Fear Sadnesse continuall care and intermission of such Excercises or Evacuations as men have been accustomed to and the like The beginning of the Gout is known thus there is a more exquisite and quick Sense in the Joynts then formerly they are easily hurt as by a new shooe walking the least touch against any hard thing Commonly a Feaver ushers it in and at its approach there is a kind of unusuall Heat felt in the Joynts and a Motion as if some living Creature were therein after which followeth a tormenting pain in the Joynts for the most part beginning in the great Toe and attended with Rednesse and Swelling The Signes of the causes or the Humours which are mixed with the wheyish Humours are thus considered If choller be mixed with the wheyish Humour the Urine is thin yellowish or red the pain great and violent the Feaver comes to the height the part is swelled is red or pale but very hot the application of cold things giveth ease If Phlegm be mixed there is a soft and loose swelling of the part the pain not so violent the Urine is thick and troubled little or no Heat and hot things give ease If Melancholy be the Humour mixed the Temper of the Body inclineth to Melancholy and there is a wearinesse felt all over the part is of an obscure Colour like Lead the pain deep and the Urine thick and melancholy The Gout is no dangerous Disease but it continueth long and is attended with violent pain for the most Part to the end of a man's life and sometimes it is a means of long life because Nature doth drive the vitious Humours to the Joynts which if they should fall upon the more noble parts would be a means of great Diseases if not death it self But in weak Bodyes that are decayed by Sicknesse or Age that Nature cannot expell these Humours to the Joynts many dangerous Diseases are ingendered He that hath no knots in his Joynts is inclinable to Labour and is for the most part soluble by a skillfull Physitian may be cured An haereditary Gout is seldom or never cured If the Veins of a gouty Person do swell with black Blood there is hopes that the Gout leavs him If the Gout doth not return at its season it is dangerous unlesse the matter be taken away by Medicines for it is an argument that Nature is weak and cannot expell it The Cure of the Gout is to be performed by stopping the Flux of the Humours into the Joynts by removing the Humours in the Joynts and to abate the Sharpnesse of the pain If the Patient be full of Blood and strong let him bleed in a great Quantity or let him blood often till the plenitude of Blood be sufficiently abated Then let him be purged with strong Medicaments which may evacuate the stirred Humour and turn the cause from the Joynts Whilst you are purging let Ointments or Plaisters be applyed to the Joynt above the part affected of an astringeing and drying property by which the Humours may be intercepted that they may not so much nor so forcibly fall into the Joynt Let your Ointments be made of the Roots of Snake-weed
Feavers In the Bastard add Agarick Catholicum Diaphaenicon Sena and such as the judicious Physitian shall judg suitable in respect of the Patient's Constitution and the Humors offending But to every Medicine cream of Tartar may be added for it openeth cleanseth and cools If the Patient be subject to vomit go that way to work as I said in the last Chapter Open a Vein draw Blood as often or as much as you see occasion Prepare the Humours with Juleps as you are taught in the last Chapter then purge If the Humours be stubborn and the Fit continue make a Decoction of Wormwood and Century with cool Herbs to qualify the Heat it is much commended after the use of that purge again If there be a Distension under the short Ribs apply an emollient attenuating and strengthning Fomentation What ever part of the Body is ill disposed have a regard to that in all your Medicines The Spirit of Sulphur is much magnified for extinguishing the Heat of Feavers and if the Humours be thin it sends them forth by Sweat give from half a Scruple to a Scruple in four Ounces of Purslane Water Or you may give it thus Take of Salt of Wormwood half a Drathm Spirit of Sulphur a Scruple Carduus Water four Ounces mix them and give the Patient to drink when the Fit approcheth and lay him to sweat Those things which are usually laid to the Wrists by the common people are not to be despised I shall not insert them nor more Receipts for the cure of this Ague First it being my cheifest end to describe the Causes and Signes of Diseases Secondly almost every womans Head is full of Medicines against an Ague CHAP. LXXXVIII Of the Quotidian or every day-Ague THis Ague is caused by Phlegm putrefying in the first Region of the Body therefore all things that breed Phlegm in the Body may be the Cause thereof The Diagnostick signes are such as testify Phlegm to abound in the Body as white colour pale dull Sense Softnesse and Fatnesse Profoundnesse of Sleep and Droaming of Water It comes with a cold shlvering little or noe shaking and for the most part it comes in the Night After the cold Fit the Patient feels Heat but mildly not scorching little Thirst the Pulse is small seldom and slow there is a Distension about the short Ribs the Fits appear more intense or remisse last longer or shotter as the Phlegm is simple or mingled with other Humours the Fit commonly lasteth twelv hours and then leaveth a feavourish Fit behind it Sometimes it lasteth twenty four hours and is almost like a continuall Feaver There is a difference found in respect of the Nature of the Phlegm for salt Phlegm makes the Patient thirsty sharp Phlegm hungry sweet Phlegm sleepy If the Phlegm hath no Tast it maketh him without Appetite Acid or glassy Phlegm by reason of its Coldnesse causeth shaking This Disease for the most part continueth long and is not without danger because it sometimes degenerates into a Cachexia Dropsy or Lethargy The Diet and Medicines must be such as have an extenuating cutting and dividing Quality The Cure must be performed almost in the same Manner as the bastardly Tertian Zacutus Lusitanus doth much commend the Decoction of Roman Wotmwood and Camomill Flowers if five or six Ounces be adminisred And the Decoction of China and Guajacum for many dayes but beware it dry not too much CHAP. LXXXIX Of the Quartane Ague AN intermitting Quartane is caused of Melancholy putrifying in the Body There are two sorts of Quartan Agues viz. a Legitimate and a Bastard Quartane a Legitimate is bred of naturall Melancholy which is the carthly part of our Nourishment in quality cold and dry The bastard Quartane is bred of preternaturall Melancholy which is bred of adust Choller and is hot and dry or by Melancholy mixed with adust Choller A Quartane Ague is either single double or triple the single is that which comes every fourth day The double is when two Fits happen upon two dayes one after another and the third day none The Triple Quartane is when Fits come every as in a Quotidian and double Tertian Diagnostick Signes of a Quartane are the Ague coming every fourth day and Melancholy abounding in the Body it begins with gaping and stretching heavinesse of the Body shivering and shaking follows as if it would break the Patient's Bones The Pulse is seldom and slow the Urine watry thin and white after a while it is higher coloured and thicker The bastard Quartane for the most part follows other Feavers or Agues by which Adustion of Humours is made and in it the Feaver Heat and Thirst is more violent and all the Symptomes are greater because the Humours are thinner A double Quartane is known by the course of the Fits A triple Quartane is distinguished from a double Tertian or Quotidian by Melancholy abounding and by the course of the Fits and chiefly in this that at first it was a simple or double Quartane Prognosticks are thus made This of all Agues is the longest of Continuance some continue half a year some a year and some longer It is good in this Ague for the Patient to void black Urine The bastard Quartane is not of so long continuance as the Legitimate because it proceeds from thinner Humours then the other The Legitimate is not so dangerous as the other which hath many times dangerous Symptomes especially if the Liver Spleen or any of the interior parts be damnified because it is sometimes degenerated into a Dropsy If any aged above sixty fall into the Quartane Ague it proveth mortall If the intermitting Quartane degenerate into a continuall it is for the most part deadly To bleed at the Nose in a Quartane Ague is but a bad Sign because the morbifick Humours are too thick for such an Evacuation If a bloody Flux come upon a Quartane Ague and continue but a while it is good A bastard Quartane is cured almost with the same Medicines which have been prescribed for the Cure of a Tertian to them adding such Medicines as regard Melancholy and free the Spleen from Disaffection Seeing the Legitimate Quartane is caused of Humours that are cold and dry thick and earthly we must use Medicines that do heat moisten and attenuate Let the Patient's Diet be heating and moistning of good Juyce easy of digesture and of thin substance as rear Egs yong Animals and Birds of Mountains Fishes of stony Rivers among Herbs Borrage Buglosse Spinach Fennell Parsly and Turneps Crato doth much commend the Broth of Turneps of Fruits Almonds Apples stewed Prunes Figs Raisons Dates and Pine-kernells Let him abstain from all Meats which are of a thick and clammy Substance and of hard digesture let him drink small Ale or Beer let him eat moderately and on the Fit day six hours before the Fit cometh let him be very moderate in drinking for much drink fills the Spleen and makes the Disease rebellious Having thus
the defects and Eclipses of the Sun and Moon and unusuall Meteors especally blazing Starrs Above all causes let us not be unmindfull of the strict severe Judgment of God for the sinnes of Mankind For many times he is pleased to punish our Sins and Offences by this Judgment as the Scriptures do frequently prove To these non-naturall causes afore mentioned we must add the Retention of Womens Courses the Haemorrhoids in men or some usuall Evacuation Idlenesse or too much Sleep Anger Sadnesse or other Passions of the mind Signes that shew the Pestilence approaching are taken from the presence of Causes before mentioned Those Bodyes are disposed to receive pestilentiall Infection which have collected evill Juyces and Diet and have had a praeposterous use of the non-naturall things afore specifyed The cheif Signes which shew the Body to be infected the H●art is much afflicted Cardialgia and Heart-burning and pain about the Mouth of the Stomach sometimes great Thirst exceeding the Measure of the Patient's Heat somtimes Want of Thirst yet a vehement Feaver and Drinesse of the Tongue Want of Appetire and abhorring of all Meat and vomiting up what ever Food Drink Juleps or Emulsions is given and their Thirst continue and the Tongue black A frequent and inordinate shivering which comes divers times in a day Wearinesse and Heavinesse of the whole Body Pains of the Head Watchings and Ravings Some are very drousy and sleepy then judge that the Brain is full of phlegmatick Excrements To some there happen cholerick Fluxes which stink very much Frequent Sweats small short and unprofitable do break forth the Heat is mild and gentle to the Feet because the Disease is caused rather by a malignant and venemous Quality then by Putrefaction Rednesse of the eyes and sometimes a frowning or a furious look Sometimes abmndance of Worms are voided which shew a great Putrefaction The Urine is sometimes like the Urine of a sound man if a malignant Quality doth rather offend then Putrefaction sometimes it appeareth thick troubled and high coloured and hath a thick red and scattered Sediment On some purple Spots like Flea-bitings Carbuncles and Risings in the Groin behind the Ears and under the Atmpits Those Spots upon the Bodyes of the dead which are of a Lead-colour or black do especially denote the Pestilence No certain Prognostick can be drawn of this Discase therefore the discreet Physitian ought to suspend his Judgment of the issue thereof For many have died notwithstanding many hopes and testimonyes of recovery and on the contrary many have escaped with most mortall signes Yet it is lawfull for the Phisitian to give his conjecture thus If the Pulse keep a Tenor and equality there is some hopes on the contrary if it be inordinate unequall and contracted it is dangerous If the Pulse be like the Pulse of an healthy person it is dangerous because it is a sign that Nature doth not labour to concoct the Humours for her own deliverance Raving is not dangerous if it be lessened by Sleep but if it turn to dotage and continue there is little hope Contractions convulsive and trembling Motions are deadly for it shews that the Brain is mortally wounded and that Nature is overcome by the Disease Deafnesse at the beginning is dangerous but in the state of the Disease it is not so for many times health follows Sneezing is laudable Heart-burnings Hiccoughs and extream Loathing do portend danger and that the Stomach is over mastered by the Malignant quality of the Humours Suppression of all Evacuations in the beginning and state of the Disease is good provided that the Malignity doth not settle in the head or near any Principal part The Urine that is like the Urine of a healthy person is bad the same judge if they be thin thick confused or troubled Urines which have a laudable sediment and well concoct are good and shew a strong naturall Faculty to expell the Venome An Urine black or blew fat and oyly with a black or blewish setling shews a wasting of the Body and is a deadly Sign Sweats seldom portend good though it happens on a criticall day unlesse it doth much diminish the Feaver Sometimes a Loosenesse of the Belly at the beginning is good and sometimes it is a deadly Sign Spots the more laudable the colour is the better if they be black or Lead-colour and go in again it is dangerous Carbuncles and Buboes the farther from the Heart the better and the sooner they ripen the safer The Cure ought to be two-fold first to preserve those from it who have it not secondly in healing those that have it First to preserve take away the causes both internall and externall If the Body be plethorick let Phlebotomy abate it If full of evill Humours let them be purged If obstructed let means be used to open Obstructions If the Body be in a good state labour to keep it so If it be too moist babour to dry it and avoid all moist Nourishments and much drinking eat no Fish Meats made of Milk nor Herbs walk not in the South Air or neer Lakes nor in the Night fleep not too much If the Body be weak use a restorative Diet. If the Air be too hot labour to cool it as we taught you in continual Feavers if it be too moist correct it by fires and fumes as also to consume and dissipate the infection of the Ayre make fires and fumes of sweet Woods and other sweet sented ingredients as Cypresse Wood of Aloes Juniper Storax Labdanum Mirrhe Benjamin yellow Sanders Ireos Storax Frankinsence Cinnamon Cloves Red-Rose-leaves Calamint Bayes Rosemary and such like Let the common sort of people and the poorer sort carry Rue and Angelica to smell to and take in the morning fasting and when they go abroad Mithridate's medicine Mithridate Venice-Treacle and such like Let the Rich man use of this Pomander Take of Labdanum and of the Rinds of Citrons of each one drachm of the three kinds of Sanders of each half a drachme Wood of Aloes flowers of Buglosse Nenuphar Rose leaves of each two Scruples a lipta Muscatae half a scruple Cloves and Marjoram of each one scruple Zedoary root one scruple Benjamin one drachm Storax Calamita one drachm and an half Camphir half a drachme Musk and Ambergreece of each sour Grains Powder them and with the Musilage of Gum-dragant made in Rose-water make a Pomander and let them make use of this Preservative Take of Bolearmenick prepared half an ounce of Cinnamon three drachms of white Dittany the roots of Angelica Gentian and Tormentill of each two drachms the root of Zedoary Red Roses of all the Sanders Harts-Horn the leaves of Scabious and flowers of Buglosse of each one drachme of Juniper-berries Nutmegs and bone of a Stags Heart of each half a drachm of Pearls prepared two Scruples of Saphir Jacinth Emerauld Ruby and Granate prepared and leaf-Gold of each one scruple powder them all and with Syrrup of Vinegar or Lemons make
condition escape If black or blew Spots come forth among the Pox it shews great Malignity and the Patient in great danger If the Excrements and Urine be black or livid they signify abundance of Melancholy and great danger For the Cure keep the Patient in a warm room and if you tender his life keep out the cold Air lest the Humours be driven inward Keep the Cloaths close about him but let them not ly too heavy Let his drink be Barly-Water and boil therein Sorrell Roots and Harts-horn and Figs if the Feaver be not violent let his Sleep be moderate Physitians for the most part advise the Cure to begin with blood-letting that is if the Patient be full of Blood and nothing forbid it but it must be done before or just as they be coming forth Purges are absolutely forbidden but if the body be very costive move it with a Suppository but do not provoke it Then endeavour the expulsion of the Matter thus Take of the Roots of grass Asparagus and Fennell of each four Ounces Liquorish half an Ounce Wood Sorrell two Handfulls twenty Figs the cordiall Flowers one Pugill make a Decoction to a Pint towards the latter end put in a little Saffron take four Ounces Night and Morning Bezar and Gascoins powder is good to send out the Pox and for Children Diascordium is a familiar Medicine We must endeavour to preserve the internall parts if you fear that the Liver Spleen or Guts should suffer to the former Decoction add husked Lentils two drams Gum Lac and Traganth of each one Drachm You must defend the Eyes with the Water of Roses and Plantane and infuse Camphir Saffron and if the Inflammation be great infuse Tutty You must defend the Lungs with the Conserve of Roses and Violets the Sirrup of Violets Jujubees Myrtles dried Roses Poppyes and such like You must defend the Throat with a Gargle of Oxycrate or you may make it with Plantane Water and Sirrup of Mulberryes or Pomegranates To defend the Nose put up a Nodulus made of Vinegar Rose-Water and the Powder of Sanders and Camphir When the Pox are out full ripe and begin to break anoint them often with the Oyl of Almonds it will be a means to prevent their pitting and where there are likely to be holes anoint with the Oyl of the yolks of Egs. The End of the Second Book The Third Book HAving in the former Book been more voluminous then I expected I shall be briefer in this and treat more theorically then practically And leaving the Description and Cures of Wounds Tumors and Ulcers in particular to the ingenious and expert Chirurgion I shall run over their Causes Signes and Cures generally and as briefly as may be CHAP. I. Of a Green Wound A Wound is a breach of Continuity fresh and bloody without Putrefaction or Matter It is caused by a Sword Bullet Arrow or such like which the Chirurgion may easily perceive Wounds in the flesh are easily cured in the Nervs Veins and Arteryes they are not without danger In the instrumentall principall parts as the Heart Liver Lungs Brain Spleen Midriff Wezand Stomach Guts or Bladder are deadly A Feaver Perturbation Swooning Convulsion and such like Symptomes are dangerous The Cure must be directed first to the cause secondly to the Wound itself thirdly to the part affected lastly to the Symptomes attending The Cause or outward things viz. a Bullet Arrow or such like sticking in the Body must be drawn out by Instruments or by Medicine what concerns the first I shall not meddle with the medicinall part I shall breifly handle The Simples availeable and of force for the purpose aforesaid are The Roots of Reeds and Birthwort the Leavs of Dittany Crow-foot Missletoe Thapsia Sagapenum Ammoniacum Opopanax Quick Lime burnt Frogs Galbanum Bears grease the Load-stone Mustard-Seed and such like Of these and such like you may prepare compound Medicines This Unguent of Vesalus is much approved of Take of Rozin of the Pine tree two Ounces Galbanum three Ounces of the Stone called Calamites one Ounce the Gall of an Ox one Ounce and an half of Turpetine three Ounces New Wax two Ounces first strain out the Wax Rozin and Turpetine after mix the Golbanum Gall and the Powder of the Stone and make an Unguent This Plaister is likewise good for the same purpose Take of Leaven one pound Oyl half a pound the juyce of Knot-grasse and Dittany or for want of it the Powder of the dried Herbs of each three Ounces Turpetine one pound The Bird Lime made of Missletoe Berryes Ammoniacum Galbanum and dissolved in wine of each one Ounce of Wax four Ounces mix them upon the Fire and make a Plaister Having thus far proceded and removed all things unnaturall from the Wound then must the Chirurgion if the Solution be great artificially join the gaping sides of the Wound by Seam Taches or stiching cloths and such like which I omit and shall lay down a few Rules to prevent pain Inflammation or other untoward Accidents which may happen to the wounded part or whole Body Inflammation is restrained by taking away the Cause of the Fluxion Now the Humours flowing to the part are either drawn or sent They are drawn by reason of the Pain and Heat of the Member which doth attract the Humours to it self They are sent thus when the whole Body is full of evill Humours and every part disburtheneth it self upon the weaker The Inflammation of the Part must be allayed with such Medicines that quench Heat and the Body must be purged and such a Course of Diet used as may somewhat free the Body from such Humours which are offensive and burthensome to Nature But before I come to treat of the removeall of such Accidents and evill Symptoms I shall briefly shew you the manner of Cure which ought thus to be performed After closing of the Wound dresse it with some agglutinative Medicine made of such Simples viz. Frankincense Mastich Aloes Rolearmenick Sanguis Draconis Sarcocolla Terra Sigillata Balaustines Pomegranate Rinds Cypresse Nuts Galls Horse-tail Tobacco and such like You may make a Balm thus Take of Turpetine a pound of Galbanum Gum Elemy Gum of Ivy Frankincense Mastich Myrrh of each two Ounces Aloes Lignum Aloes Galanga Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon Cubebs of each one Ounce Aqua Vitae three Ounces infuse and distill them to a Balm After the Application of this or the like Balsome lay on this Plaister Take of Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar two Ounces Gum Elemy three Ounces Rozin of the Pine tree five Ounces Turpentine of the Fir-tree three ounces Oyl of Roses two Ounces make a Plaister Open it once in twenty four hours till it be whole thus may you cure a simple Wound in the Flesh If the Wound be hollow you must put in Tents twist them not too hard but so that the Sanies may come forth If the Wound be deep without losse of Substance you must consider whether the
Creature which inflicted the Wound were not venemous the pain is less and the danger not so great and the Cure easily performed by ordinary Medicines CHAP. IV. Of a Wound in the Nerves Tendons Ligaments Veins and Arteries VVHether Nerve Tendon c. are wounded may be easily conjectured and how and with what weapon it was done the Patient will be able t● inform If a Sinew be burnt there is great pain hurt both of sense and motion sometimes a Feaver Inflammation Convulsion or raving a breach or wound of a Vein or Artery is known by profusion of bloud But whether the Vein or Arterie be wounded their proper figns must distinguish viz. the bloud black and thick with an equal fluxion sheweth a wounded Vein but if the bloud be thin and yellow and cometh forth leaping like the motion of the Pulse then is the Artery wounden The Nervous Ligaments will endure Medicines of great force If in Wounds of this nature a Tumor appear and afterwards vanish away it threatneth danger of Convulsion and Raving If a Nerve be wounded overthewart and not cut alunder it brings the move peril of Convulsion An Artery cut overthwart is sooner joyned together then if it were severed longwise An Artery cut is harder to cure then a Vein Flux of bloud is peril lous especially of an Artery for unless it be stopped it bringeth death unavoidably Swooning Convulsion Raving c. in this case is an evil token For the Cure if the Nerve be priekt begin thus If there be any weapon or any outward thing sticking in the Wound let it be removed and keep the part from in jury if you fear inflammation open a Vein Let him lye in a warm Room on a soft bed and keep the body loose by Clisters or laxative Medicines regulated according to the nature of the humour peccant Let his Diet be sparing and small Beer his Drink Let him lye as free from motion as may be let not the cold Air which is inimical to the Sinews afflict him not too hot Air for fear of inflammation Keep the Wound oren if it be not wide enough makeit wider then use such Medicines that may ease the pain and draw forth the eruginous and fretting matter Medicines which heat and dry without pain is good in this case as the Oyl of Turpetine Ireos Sage Elder or Water wherein Salt and Turpetine hath been boyled the Oyl of Earth-Worms and of the yolks of Eggs mixed or the Oyl of Roses and Turpetine or the Oyl of Turpetine and of Savine mixed or Euphorbium one drachm boiled in two Ounces of Oyl For which purpose this Plaister is good Take of the Roots of Marshmallows the Meal of Barley Beans and Lentils of eaeh a like quantity as much as you think good boil them in Lye then put to it Oyl of Roses Camomel Dill and Turpetine of each sufficient and a little Saffron so make a Plaister If the Wound will come to suppuration heal it forward and afterwards mundify it If the Nerve be cut after you have observed the asorelaid general Rules joyn the Nerve then apply this Medicine Take of Karth-worms prepared three drachms Horstail two drachms Betony and Nettles in powder of each one drachm Olibanum three drachms encorporate them with the slesh of Snails beaten and apply it four days laying on some Glutinative Unguent Take of the lesser Century Plantane Hounds-tongue Mouse ear both the Consonds Horse tail and Yarrow of each one handsal Earth-worms a pound and an half Oyl and Wine of each one pound and an half Vinegar sour ounces stamp them and let them infuse 7 dayes then add the Suet of a Ram one peund Pitch and Rozin of each sour ounces boil them to the consumption of the Wine and Vinegar add to the straining Ammoniacum Gathanum Opaponax dissolved in Vinegar of each 5 drachms Turpemine one ounce and an half Frankincense Maslick and Sarcocol of each three drachms Of Saffron two ounces Wax as much as needeth to make an Unguent Both these are much commended by Jacobus Weckerus If the Vein or Artery be cut you must first labour to stanch the bloud Secondly to cure the Wound First the bloud may be stanched either with or wit hs out Evacuation With Evacuation is to open a Vein on the contrary part and sometimes near the Wound and to let it fly and suddainly stop it again To stay the bloud without Evacuation must be performed by cupping with scarrifying binding and rubbing of the contrary part Secondly you must bridle the furious course of in by things that thicken cool and astonish Things which thicken the bloud are Rice Lentils Jujubees Quinces and all Stiptick Fruits Cold Water drunk or laid upon the member near the Wound doth astonish it It the Vein or Artery lye so that you may easily come at it ty the end with fine silk stitch up the Wound and apply astrictive Powders upon it and upon that lay on the like powder mixed with the White of an Egg with Stuphs This Powder is good Frankincense Aloes Terra Sigillata Bolearmenick and Senguis Draconis of each equal parts pouder them finely and with the white of an Egg and the hairs of a Hare let it be applyed Or this Take of Lapis Haemitatis one ounce Frankincense Mastich Bolearmenick Cobwebs green Galls dried Frogs Soot white wall and the Meal that lye upon the walls of Mills and Bake-houses of each two drachms Burnt Vitriol Quick-lime and Gum-Traganth of each three drachms the shaving of the skin of a Ram or He-Goat Paper-cards the hairs of an Hare and cotton torrified of each one drachm Asses dung half an ounce make it into fine powder and use it as the fermer The accidental Symptomes both of this and other Wounds you shall have in a Chapter by themselves with their Cures CHAP. V. Of Luxations and Fractures A Luxation or Dislocation is the slipping of a joint from his Natural Position and proper place into some strange and unwonted seat whereby voluntary motion is hindered A Fracture is a division or breaking of the bone the causes of the first are either outward or inward outward causes are falls strokes extension wrenching or the like the Patient is able to inform you The inward causes are filthy slimy and Phlegmatick Humours falling between the joynt as it many times happeneth in the Sciatica Causes of Fractures are things of weight falling upon the place or the Patient falls from on high slippeth or such like A Dislocation is known by these signs viz. a Tumor in the part where the bone lies a pit or cavity in the place from whence the bone is departed great pain a difficulty or deprivation of motion in that member The bone broken is easily seen but whether the Fracture be overthwart or long ways you may discern thus If it be overthwart by seeling you may discern the bone several and disjoyned the bones make a noise and crackling when you handle each side
of the root of Night shade finely powdered and Hogs-grease make an oyntmnt or you may use unguentum è Solano or the white of an egg and Stiptick Wine and such like Then you must consider if the distemper be hot or cold if hot whether it is of the whole body or the part only if the whole body be distempered it is a Fever and you must seek the cure in the second book if the distemper be in the Member only foment it with the decoction of Plantane Roses and such like with the Oyl of Roses unguentum album populeon c if the member suffer by a cold distemper which you may know by the swart colour loosnesse and softnesse of the part then you must apply heating medicines unguentum Basilicon will do very well in this case If a Convulsion happeneth you must consider what is the cause if repletion or fullnesse of phlegm be the cause let the place wherein he lyeth be naturally or art ficially hot and dry let him lye free from perturbation and trouble let his sleep be moderate and only in the night Let him be very moderate and sparing in his Diet which ought to be rere Eggs Barly Cream the flesh of Chickens Capons and Hens Raisons Pine-Kernells sweet-Almonds of hearbs Sage wild Time Hysop Marjarome and such like Let the phlegmatick humor be purged and the convulsed part anointed with the oyle of Nard Bays Castor Rue Nutmeggs c. Vesalius commendeth this following oyntment Take of oyle of sweet-Almonds Hens grease and the marrow of Calves feet of each nine drachms oyle of Violets six ounces the fat of a Kid and Calfe of each fifteen ounces boyle them in the decoction of Mallowes the root of March-Mallowes and the seeds of Quinces till it be consumed then strain it and bring it into the form of a Liniment If Convulsion come by repletion of blood and inflammation open the middle vein and draw blood at severall times give Clysters and deal with this inflammation as with another If emptinesse be the cause of Convulsion direct a moist diet rest of body and mind and much sleep To the diet aforesaid add small stone fishes let his drink be Barly-water and if a little Liquoris and Cinamon be sodden therein it will be the better herbs proper for him are Lettice Spinach Arach Borage Buglosse Mallow and such like of fruits Melons Gourds Damask Prunes Peaches ripe Grapes c. The conserve of Violetts Borage Buglosse Diatraganthum frigidum and bathe his body or the part with warm water and oyle or anoint with the oyle of sweet Almonds Be sure to remember to have respect to the greatnesse of the disease the season of the yeare the age strength and constitution of the Patient Swooning often happening to wounded persons if vioient pain be the cause labour to appease the pain you have rules enough before going If it be occasioned by unmeasurable Evacuation cast Rose-water or cold water into his face use strong Ligatures and fricarions to the extream parts If some venemous quality by reason of a bite of some venemous Creature or wound with some venemous weapon be the cause of this symptome you must seek the remedy in the third Chapter If Raving and Madnesse happen appoint a mean diet betwixt hot and cold labour to provoke sleep to loosen the belly and to expell all perturbations of the mind If the body abound with blood and nothing forbid it open a vein then alter and prepare the humors with Juleps made of the syrup of Roses Violets Water-Lillyes Poppyes and Endive then empty the body with Manna Cassia or some such gentle thing or with an Emollient Clister but above all have a speciall regard to the wound because pain there may be the cause therefore let it be often opened and bathed with Vinegar and oyle of Roses or something that may powerfully appease the pain If the Palsie happen you must be very circumsp●ct and appoint such a Diet as for the Convulsion let his drink be honyed water and boyle therein Sage and Cinamon or this Take of Cinamon two ounces Ginger half an ounce graine of Paradice Galanga and long Pepper of each one drachm Cardamoms one drachm and an halfe Nutmegs Cloves and Mace of each one drachm boyle them in water to the wasting of a third part strain it and sweeten it and let the Patient drink two or three ounces in a morning For medicines internall or externall go to the seventh Chapter of the second book If the wounded person be costive and he begin to suffer prejudice thereby give him some Lenitive medicines or a suppository If he suffer by stoppage of Urine give him somwhat which gently provoketh Urine see the 68 Chapter of the second book If Vomiting happen and it ceaseth not in due season Take Leaven half a pound the juyce of Mint extracted with Vinegar as much as is needfull boyle them in to the form of a Cataplasm lay it warm to the Stomach If the Patient feel heat and astonishing about the wound anoint the wo●nd with the oyle of Camphire If the wound swelleth with heat and pilleth under the finger boyle Water-Cresses and Water-Lillyes in Rose Vinegar and apply it If there appeare the Flux of the Sinews which is a viscous liquor from the Nerves dresse it with a vulnery oyle and lay on Emplastrum Sticticum If the wound putrifie and goeth back from healing swelleth with heat looks black blew or swart Take of Litharge one pound Allum one pound and an half Salt two ounces Frankinsence four ounces Roman Gum five ounces of Wine Water and Vinegar of each one pound boyle them a quarter of an hour and apply it warm If there grow a Pustulous Fistula that is when the wound is healed too soon without any firm foundation so that it putrifie underneath and break out again in this case Paracelsus adviseth this Cerat to be used Take of common oyle Virgin Wax and Litharge of Gold in Powder of each one pound boyle them together into the formes of a Cerate to which add Opoponax prepared with Vinegar and Mummy of each three ounces Aristolochia Mastick Frankinsence and Mirrh of each half an ounce Turpetine three ounces Oyle of Bayes two ounces Camphire two drachms mix them upon the fire afterwards make it up with oyle of Camomel So much for the generall cure of wounds and their accidents CHAP. VII Of Sanguine Tumors FIrst Phlegmon is a Tumor begotten of pure blood and is for the most part incident to the fleshy parts the Antecedent cause is abundance of blood In which Tumor are three things considerable first the part that sendeth it either by reason of its plenty strength or streightnesse of passages Secondly the part receiving it either by reason of weaknesse largenesse or opening of the passages or by the lownesse of its scituation Thirdly the part drawing it which it doth either through heat or pain within it The conjoyned cause is much blood
in the part which before it cometh to suppuration causeth a Tumor Rednesse heat and pain but when it is suppurate the Tumor is soft yielding and growing to a point a pricking and beating pain last of all the skin breaketh and the pus issueth out somtimes if the humors be thin and the skin of the same nature the Tumor may be resolved without suppuration To this Tumor happeneth evill accidents somtimes if the Chirurgion want care or skill Sometimes it turneth to corruption and is seen by its leaden black colour and stinking savor Somtimes the matter maketh a regression and the Tumor diminisheth but the whole body is inflamed with a Feaver and such like accidents And somtimes it turneth into a Schirrhous hardnesse In the cure the Antecedent cause must be first removed Therefore first let the Chirurgion open the Liver-vein or any other vein which he finds hath more affinity with the sending part if he see good he may bleed him in the opposite part for a revulsion and derive the matter to some part adjacent by cupping frication or Ligatures and apply to the part affected medicines that cool and repell or beat back the flowing humors and of this sort are these simples Acatia Vinegar Balaustines Bolearmenick Camphite sealed Earth Myrtles Pome-granate Peels unripe Grapes Vine-leaves the leaves of Cyprus Plantane Oake Sumach Night-shade Henbane Housleeke Lettuce Purslane Roses and such like Of these you may make somentations or Cataplasmes to be used in the beginning of the Tumor to hinder and beat back the blood which floweth to feed it Take this caution that in some cases these medicines ought not to be medled with to wit when the humor is Malignant or thick or if the Tumor be Criticall Or upon some of the Glandulous parts Next you must deale with the conjoyned cause or the blood impact in the part affected If you judgo that the blood is thin and apt to be discussed discussing medicines are to be applyed This Cataplasm is good Take the leaves of Mallows Melilot and Camomell of each one handfull the seeds of Dill Flax and Fenugreek of each half an ounce boyle them to the Consumption of the Water then beat them in a Stone-Morter and add to it the oyle of Dill and Camomell of each one ounce a little Honey and Leaven and make it into the form of a Cataplasm But if the matter be thick and not fit to be discussed then labour to bring it to suppuration For which these Simples are proper Warm water Butter Wheaten Bran or Wheaten bread the grease of an Hogg Calfe Goose c. Grease tryed from the Wool of a Sheep Rozin Pitch Figs Saffron Frankinsence c. Of these you may make Cataplasms and remove them twice a day If the hot intemperature doth stirr up a Fever let the diet be ordered and such medicines administred as the nature of the Fever requireth see the second book among the Chapters of Feavers when you find it very soft and well suppurated open it with a Lancet where it is softest and in the most convenient place for the matter to come forth afterwards mundifie incarnate and Cicatize it A Carbuncle is a Sanguine Tumor the antecedent cause of it is black thick hot and faculent blood flowing to the place the conjoyned cause is the settling of the blood in the part as you have heard before The signes of a Carbuncle are sometimes but one and somtimes many small pustu'es like burnt blisters which being broken a crusty Ulcer ensueth If it be pestilentiall the crust is black or Ash colour about it rednesse Inflammation and grevious pain the Patient is troubled with Loathing Vomiting losse of Appetite Palpitation of the heart and Swooning Carbuncles for the most part are attendants of the Plague and Epidemicall causes If they come upon the Emunctuories there is very great danger lest the venemons humors fall upon some principall part If it break out about the Stomach or Jaws there is danger of Choaking If the colour be first Red after Yellowish it is laudable but if it be black or blew it is dangerous If the accidents which accompany the disease vanish there is hepes In the cure first have regard to the antient cause which is thick hot blood and must be altered and evacuated to alter the quality of the blood give him broath of Chickens with Lettice Purslane Pomegranates and Lemons and his drink Barly-Water give him medicines cooling and concocting as Juleps made of syrup of Vinegar Pomegranates Citrons Lemons and Endive and the distilled water of Lettice Purslane and the like But if the Pestilence be present you must have respect to the malignity and give such medicines which strengthen the Heart and Vitalls See the 90. Chapter of the second Book the quantity must be diminished ether by blood-letting cupping or medicines as gentle Purges or Clisters in all which be well advised if the Plague be present If there be a great fluxion of blood to the part lay on discutients and repressings discutients you have before Take this caution that you apply gentle ones in the beginning and stronger when the matter is gathered to lay defensives to the adjacent parts as the Oyntment of Roses Bolearmenick or the oyle of Mittles and Vinegar also attractives are convenient as hot Bread the warm Lungs of beasts new killed the taile of a Cock made bare and a little Salt put into it and applyed or young Pidgeons slit alive and applyed warm The cause conjoyned must be taken away by Chirurgions or Medicine first scatifying of the Tumor if nothing orbid it deeply and wash it with warm-water Horsleeches are good When the matter cannot be dispersed or otherwis delt with you must apply such things as have an altering or ripening quality as is aforesaid If the Carhuncle be very venemous this is commended viz. Take a great Onion and cut off the head of it and pick out the core or middle part fill the hollow place with good Venice Treacle pasle on the head again with a little Leaven and roast it in the Embers when it is soft pill it and beat it in a Morter and apply it warm to the Sore and renew it every 6 hours This Cataplasm is much commended Take of Onions and Garlick heads of each of them four one Lilly Root the Seed of Flax and Fenugreek of each one spoonful Snails with their sh●ls four or five sour Figs Leaven as much as a Walnut Barrows grease as much as two Walnuts beat them all in a Morter very well warm it and apply it Then you must mundifie and heal it but if there remain a crusty Escar you must resolve it for which purpose this Plaister is good Take the flower of Wheat and Barley of each three ounces with the decoction of Mallows Violets and Althea Roots and make it into a solid Plaister then add to it fresh Butter and Hogs grease of each two ounces the yolks of two new laid Eggs. This
feet of the Crab fish Secondly because it is much like in colour to a Crab and lastly some will have its name to be taken from its sticking quality that it can scarcely be pulled away as the Sea-Crab doth which obstinately sticketh to the place on which it layeth hold The cause is thick and Melancholly juice contained in the part and appeareth with a hard resisting unequall swartish or brown Tumor round about it the veins are swelled and exalted about it there is somtimes suddaine pricking but for the most part it is of dull sense The thicker and blacker the humor is so much the w●…se is the effect this disease happeneth to any part of the body but more especially about the face Eares Lips Womens breast who have wanted their naturall purgation and it happens to men who were wont to have Hemorrhoicall purging and have lost it By reason of the thicknesse and stubbornnesse of the humor it is seldom cured but rather turneth to an Ulcerate Cancer Those Cancers only that are upon the extreame parts of the body receive curation but if they are deeply lodged they admitt not of cure a Cancer that is confirmed cannot be cured unlesse it be rooted up by incision or burning Order your Patient as before in respect of diet and prepare and purge the Melancholly humor as before is taught in this case let purges be very gentle and often reiterated Then give medicines which have a faculty to consume and dry up the matter This Electuary of Antonius Montaguana is good Take of the powder of Sea or River Crabs drowned in Milk and dried in an Oven of each four ounces the powder of Frogs Snailes and Hedg-Hogs of each one ounce the rind of Citrons preserved two ounces the shaving of Ivory and the bone of a Stages Heart of each three drachms Xylobalsamum and wood of Aloes Sanders Corall and the powder of Steel prepared of each two drachms the seed of Sorrell and Citrons the powder of Carduus Scordium and Ceterach of each one drachm Amber and Musk of each two graines the conserve of Borrage Buglosse Sorrell and Sowthistles of each two drachms with the simple sirrup of Apples as much as sufficeth make an Electuary the dose is the quantity of a Chesnut three houres before meat Then apply such medicines to the part that may scatter the humor contained and strengthen the part against farther defluxion These simples are very assistant in this case Nightshade Ceterach Agrimony St. Johns wort Clery the juyce of Coriander the flesh of Cocks Snailes River-Crabs Frogs the dung of a man burnt and washed lead oyle of Frogs oyle of sulphur and such like you may make a compound oyntment thus Take of Bolearmenick and Terra Sigillata of each one ounce of Lapis Ealaminaris and washed Ceruse of each half an ounce Tutty and Marchasite prepared of each three drachms the powder of Frogs and Snailes dryed in an Oven of each three drachms Litharge of Gold two drachms oyle of Roses three ounces oyle of Frogs one ounce and half● Vinegar two ounces the white of two Eggs Wax sufficient let them be well beaten in a Leaden Morter and brought into an Unguent Whilst you purge apply such things as principally repell or beat back in the augmentation you must beat back and discusse in the declination discusse only and all the while let the Patient be nourished with Cordialls to defend the Heart Liver and all the principall parts from this so malignant and stubborn Enemy CHAP. XI Os ulcers An Ulcer is a solution of continuity in the flesh containing Sanies and Pus The antecedent causes is Bloud Choler Flegm Melancholy thereto flowing as hath been said of Tumors the joyned cause is distemperature pain tumor contusion or such like stirred up by antecedent causes Of this cemeth matter either good or bad that which is good is of a mean substance between thin and thick white light equal and not stinking that which is bad is thin glewy much in quantity swarrish black pale stinking If the distemperature of the Ulcer be hot it is known by heat redness and relief by cold things In a cold distemperature there is not so much rednesse and it is cased by hot things Whether the distemperature be moist or dry the eye will discover The cure of an Ulcer simply considered must be performed by Medicines which have a digestive mundificative incarnative and cicatricing quality of which sort I have alieady treated in the cure of Wounds I shall onely now briefly treat of the Distempers Adjuncts and Accidents of Ulcers First let the symptome be removed if it be hot consider whether it be with matter or without if with matter whether it be Sanguine or Cholerick If it be a Sanguine Distemper let bloud observe a slender and cooling Diet and Medicines If the matter be Cholerick purge Choller observe a cooling Diet and use cool Medicines If there be a hot distemperature without matter neither purge nor bleed but use cooling Medicines as Unguentum Album Diapompholigos Rubrum Camphora Ex Plumbo and Ex Cerussa and such others Also Rose-Water the Juyce or Water of Nightshade Housleek Plantane and such like If the Distemperature be cold purge Flegme if it abound and use Diet and Medicines which doth heat and dry inwardly Outwardly apply warming Ointments Unguentum de Althea or Unguentum Citrinum wash it with warm wine or the decoction of Wormwood Mint Hysop Calamint Origan Rosemary Peny-royal and such like If the Ulcer be too moist dry it with Unguentun Pompholigos de Plumbo de Cerussa de gratia dei de Calce If it be too dry let his Diet and Medicines be moystening as Basilicon de Pice Diachylon c. Having removed the Distemperature go on gradually to the Cure if the matter be crude digest having digested it mundifie it having so done in carnate it and lastly cicatrise it If a Tumor doth accompany the Ulcer you may from the Chapters asoregoing be able to judge what the Humour is which is the cause thereof You must evacuate it by bloud-letting purging thin and cooling Diet and Medicines The Chapters aforegoing will inform you whether it be drawn thither by the part if self or sent from other parts or from the whole body Nor you need not go any farther nor I trouble my self to prescribe Medicines to repel and discuss the Tumors the aforenamed Chapters being sufficiently furnished A contused Ulcer must be nourished with Medicines moistening and ingendring good matter and the Cure may be performed by the means prescribed for the Cure of a contused Wound If the Ulcer be accompanied with proud flesh it must be taken off by an Incision Knife Cautery or hot Scissers c. or by cotrosive Medicines the gentler sort are Burnt Allum Hermodactyls with Tartar Date Stones burnt Aqua vitae with Sulphur Unguentum Apostolorum Nettle-seed the Flower of Brass Burnt Brass Serpentaria the Root of Asphodels c. Of a stronger
Dialacca It strengthneth the Stomach and Liver and opens Obstructions mollifieth schirrhous Tumors and is of great virtue to remove the effects thereof viz. Cachexia and the Dropsie It provokes Urine and breaks the Stone in the Reins and Bladder The dose is from half a drachm to four scruples Pulvis Cardiacus Magistralis This Powder hath not its name for nothing it is a very great Cordial and strengthneth the Heart and Vitals The dose is from one grain to ten the Gentry may use it often Diamargariton Frigidum It is a great Cordial good against Syncopes Asthmahs Coughs and Distillations of sharp Humors Consumptions and Hectick Feavers Half a drachm is an indifferent dose if it be not too dear Diambra It effectually strengthneth all the bowels and inward ●arts weakned by cold it cheareth the Spirits and gives the Patient a good colour it profiteth the Womb and is friendly to antient men and women The dose from half a drachm to two drachms Diamoshu dulce Amarum It is good against cold afflictions of the Brain and all Diseases thence arising against Melancholly and all Melancholly Diseases The last besides the former hath a purging Faculty and cleanseth the Stomacle The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm Species Dianthus It maketh a light heart a chearful mind a good Stomach and a sound body The dose is the same with the former Diapenidion It prevaileth against all Diseases of the Breast Cough Hoarseness loss of Voice Take half a drachm or mix it with some Pectoral Syrup Diarrhodon Abbatis It strengthneth the Liver Heart Stomach c. and quencheth unnatural heat in any of those parts The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm Diaspoliticum It is good to discuss wind in the Stomach and removes the Diseases of the part and helps digesture The dose is from one drachm to two Diatraganthum Frigidum It cures all Diseases of the Breast and Lungs which proceed from a hot and dry cause or from putrefaction in the parts for the most part it is mixed with other Medicines Or it may be made into an Electuary with the Syrup of Violets and you may take a drachm Diatrion Piperion This Pouder discusseth Wind from the Stomach and Bowels it heats the Stomach helps Digestion and frees it of Flegm The dose is from a scruple to half a drachm Diatrion Santelion It is a very good Medicine to correct the hot Distemper of the Liver and is good against a Diarrhaea caused by Cholerick Humours it helps Obstructions of the Liver also The dose is from four scruples to two drachms Pulvis Haly. It is a good Medicine against Peripneumonia or Inflammation of the Lungs Phrisicks and Pleurisies Take half a drachm of the Powder Pulvis Laetificans It revives the Heart and chears the Spirits helps digestion and preserves a good Colour The dose is from one scruple to four Or of it you may make a Sacculus to be applyed to the Region of the Heart Stomach and Head against Palpitation and cold Diseases of the Head and Stomach Pulvis Bezoardicus Magistralis A Bezoartick Powder Magisterial It is a great Cordial and very good in Feavers and in all Diseases where the Vitals suffer The dose is from a grain to twelve If you take too much your purse will soon complain Species confectionis Liberantis It is a good preservative in Pestilential Times and a good Medicine in Pestilential Feavers The dose is from half a drachm to two drachms It is a good Cordial for the Gentry Pulvis Saxonicus It is a great preservative against Poyson and the Pestilence and powerfully expels all poyson and malignant humours out of the body Take half a drachm or a drachm Pulvis Antilyssus This Powder is good against the biting of a Mad-Dog or any other venemous Creature for it fortifyeth the heart against poyson The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm Rosatae Novellae It helpeth hot and dry Stomachs and is good against distempers of the Heart Liver c. or of any other part caused by heat and dryeth it strengthneth the Vital Spirits and provokes Sweat The dose is the same with the former Pulvis Thuraloes It is good to stanch bloud in any Wound If you mix it with the White of an Egg and with the Wool of an Hare dipped in it apply it to the bleeding part Species Electuarii de gemmis frigidi It strengtheneth the Heart and Vital Spirits and relieveth languishing Nature Half a drachm is the utmost dose and that too much for a poor man Pulvis contra casum A Powder for those that are bruised by a Fall It is good to strengthen the internal parts of one bruised by Fall or otherwise The dose is from two drachms to three sweat after it Diacymini It is good to discuss Wind warms the Stomach and easeth the pains of the Chollick and helps digestion The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm Diagalanga It discusseth Wind and cold Humours in the Stomach it corrects the cold and moist distemper of the Liver and Brain and doth somewhat provoke Urine The dose is from half a drachm to two Species Electuarii Diamargariton calidi It is a great Cordial heats the Stomach and the Womb and removeth cold Distempers thereof The dose is half a drachm Lithontribon It heats the Stomach and helpeth want of Digestion it is good against the Hiack Passion and Cholick breaks the Stone in the Reins and Bladder Strangury and Dysury The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm Pleres Arconicon It is good in Syncopes and Palpitations and cherisheth those who have been weekned by Sicknesses it strengthneth Memory and quickneth the Senses good against the Falling-Sickness and cold afflictions of the Lungs and is exceeding good for sad and melancholly people The dose is the same Pulvis contra Pestem A Powder against the Pestilence The little tells you the virtue of it besides it chears the Heart and Vital Spirits The dose is the same Pulvis contra Vermes A Powder against the Worms And is a good one for the purpose The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm Purging Powders Pulvis Hermodactylorum compositus Powder of Hermodactyls compound It purgeth Choller Flegm and Melancholy but with such violence that it is the safest course not to meddle with it Or let it be first corrected by an able Brain Pulvis Senae compositus major The Powder of Sene the greater composition some call it Holland Powder or Ralph Holland's Powder it discusseth Wind and helps the Chollick opens the Obstructions of the Reins and Bowels The Dose is from one drachm to two Pulvis Senae compositus minor Or the Powder of Sene the lesser composition It purgeth Melancholy from the head and other parts The dose is a drachm Diasenae Or Pulvis Sanctus The Holy Powder It purgeth the same humour but is very violent The dose is the same for strong bodies Diaturbith cum sine