Electuary made of Hony Elecampane Roots Sage and Water Germander-leaves Or Take of Scabious Water three ounces the Asthmatical Water six drams Spirit of Sal-armoniac Anisated a dram and a half Syrup of Hyssop and Syrup of Hedg Mustard of each six drams Mix for a Potion Take of the Clarify'd Juice of Coleworts two ounces Powder of Cuckowpint Roots a dram With Oxymel of Squills make an Electuary ART III. Of a Cough A Cough is a frequent and interrupted Exspiration or Convulsion of the Middriff and Muscles of the Breast attended by a Constriction of the Wind Pipe without which 't would make no Noise The Immediat cause is the Irritation and Provocation of the Wind Pipe or Lungs or of the Muscles Dedicated for Respiration This may proceed either from an irritating matter Seated directly in these places Or from a foreign Cause conveying its Influence by the Commerce of the Nerves and creating a Convulsive dry Cough such as Hypochondriac and Hysteric Persons or those in whose Bodies an Acid prevails are very liable to But we shall confine our thoughts to that which proceeds from the immediat Influence of some material cause And in order to form a distinct Idaea of it shall consider both its External and Internal Causes supposing still that the distinction of a dry and wet Cough is minded and understood The External Causes are acid mineral fumes sharp liquors hard Food and an Intemperat Air. The acid fumes and sharp particles of Air tickle the Wind Pipe and Pituitous Membran that lines the Palat and by influencing the Nerves of the Muscles of the Breast which spring from the same branch of the Intercostal Nerve as those of the Wind Pipe occasion the Contraction of the Breast and Expulsion pulsion of what it contains In like manner sharp liquors or grating Food by tickling that part of the Gullet which immediatly joyns the Wind Pipe produce the same effect Now this Irritation at the first occasions a dry Cough and squeezes only a thin serum from the Contracted Glandules But if it continue long the parts are inflam'd or corroded and their Nourishment degenerats into a slimy thick matter which Christeus it a wet Cough The Ancients imagin'd that this matter either Distill'd from the Head or was deposited in the Lungs by the Blood but they were mistaken since this vicious matter is rather the effect than the cause of a Cough The Internal causes relating to a wet Cough are seated either in the Wind Pipe and Lungs or in the Gullet and Stomac Those in the Wind Pipe and Lungs are the sharpness of the serum deposited by the Blood Ulcers Imposthumes Inflammations Morbifical matter transfer'd thither in the Declension of Acute Diseases Stagnation of Blood in the Lungs and the suppuration of a Pleurisy Empyema or Peripueumonia Now all these causes occasion the Collection of Irritating humors and convert the Nutritious Juice of the parts into a thick sordid purulent matter Nay sometimes carry the Curruption so high that pieces of the very Lungs and Veins Worms Stones c. are cast up The Internal causes of a wet Cough relating to the Stomac are a defluxion of a viscid Lymph from the hinder Membrana Pituitaria into the Stomac or Indigested Crudities collected about its upper Orifice but especially the first This Lymph falling from the Membran into the Stomac gave occasion to the Error of the Ancients in refering such Catarrhs to the Head When it irritates the Stomac especially those parts which joyn the Wind Pipe and Middriff it occasions their Constriction which seldom ceases till some part of the offending matter be cast up These Coughs proceeding from the Stomac are more frequent than those from the Breast from whence we may discover the mistake of those who fancy'd that the matter cast up by Coughing came always from the Lungs The Internal cause of a dry Cough is the sharpness of the Lymph watring the Throat and separated by its Glandules for that purpose occasion'd by a weak Digestion or Crudity of the Chyle in the Mass of Blood Sometimes a thin salin humor provoking the upper Orifice of the Stomac doth likewise cause a vehement dry Cough as the Chin Cough of Children But if the humor or Lymph become thick it degenerats into a wet one In the Paroxysms of Intermitting Feavers we frequently meet with dry Coughs that proceed from a vicious fermentation of the humors in the Duodenum irritating the Stomac and consequently the Middriff and Wind Pipe Preternatural Excrescences in the Lungs and Organs of Respiration may be also listed among the causes of dry Coughs As for the Diagnostics of Coughs A wet Cough is known by the viscous matter it brings up as a dry one by its small quantity of thin serum As for wet Coughs a superficial sound easy Respiration and the high seat of the Pain discover their Original from the Wind Pipe as a difficult Respiration or an aptness to Cough upon a large Inspiration a hollow hoarse sound follow'd immediatly by evacuation night Feavers and Phthisical Symptoms refer 'em to the Lungs But a pain and weight under the pit of the Breast attended sometimes by a difficult Respiration and Vomiting of Phlegm a deep hollow sound with a tearing fierce Cough and Prostration of the Appetit ascribe 'em to the Stomac A dry Cough proceeding from sharp saltish Lymph relents in the Day time and towards evening reassumes its former force with a gentle shivering follow'd by a Violent Heat and Night Feavers Such are those that usher in the small Pox or Phthisics or follow the retreat of Curicular Eruptions in Children Their Nocturnal Exacerbations are common to all Lymphatic Diseases and are in some measure caus'd by the want of equal transpiration with that of the Day But these dry Coughs always become wet by continuance The Coughs that Old and Arthritic Persons are subject to seem to proceed from a weak Digestion in the Stomac where the crude viscid matter assembles and provokes the adjacent Wind Pipe and Middriff Sometimes Pectoral and Stomachical Moist and Convulsive Coughs are mutually Complicated Violent Inveterat Coughs threaten Ruptures or Miscarrying and promote infirmities of the Head and Eyes A stomachical Cough continuing long viriats the Lymph and Produces a Phthific as also the Nocturnal dry Coughs To Scorbutical or Hydropical Persons any Cough is an ill Omen The cure consists in allaying the Irritation and removing the offensive cause for which ends Opiats Vomits Thickening Attenuating and Vulnerary Med'cines are in use However for obtaining a distinct method of cure let the following directions be minded 1. Opium is not convenient in wet Coughs viz. Those attended by a viscid matter till the Universal Evacuations are premis'd A dry cough caus'd by External Air or Mineral steams is admirably cur'd by Laudanum Opiatum in the Beginning To which we add Sylvius's Pills of Storax The Decoction of Zedoary in Wine The Decoction of Raisins and Elecampane Roots in Wine Or of
occasion'd by a Fall Sneezing c. An unseasonable Use of sudorific Medicines or the Translation of a morbific Matter to the Head may occasion this Disorder of the optic Nerve within the Brain If nothing disturb it within the Brain the Error must be lodg'd in its Expansion call'd the Retina as when it becomes paralytic languid or otherwise indispos'd by a Blow upon the Eye a Fall upon the hinder part of the Head violent Sneezing strong Convulsions or a continu'd gazing on the Sun or full Moon the Violence of whose Rays weakens and resolves the Fibres of the Tunicle Colic Pains and especially excessive Venery a mortal Enemy to the Eyes may produce the same effect Child-bearing Women are sometimes seiz'd with this Disease which disappears upon their Delivery In like manner it is sometimes caus'd by a Suppression of the terms and vanishes upon their Return A Gutta Serena is distinguish'd from the other sorts of Blindness by this that these advance by degrees according to the gradual Disorder of the part which causes 'em Whereas it seizes on a sudden and quickly arrives at its height The Signs drawn from the Dilatation and Constriction of the Apple of the Eye are not to be credited This Disease is not easily cur'd If the Nerves be tore or the Sight quite gone there is no hope Old People never recover for the Relaxation of the Optic Nerve is natural in them If the Cause be moveable and the Disease yet imperfect there remains some ground of Hope Among the internal Medicines those which evacuat by Stool and Sweating are first in order Vomits are not safe nor strong Purgations The meekest Purgatives such as the Pills call'd Aloephanginae or the Decoction of Senna with Agaric and Salt of Tartar are only proper on this occasion Or they may be join'd with Alteratives thus Take of the Herb Eye-bright one handful Betony Flowers Flowers of Comfrey Royal Blew-bottle Flowers of each two little handfuls Leaves of Senna without the Stalks one Ounce Roots of black Hellebor and of common Spurge the greater of each two Drams Fennel Seeds Cubebs and Cardamoms of each three Drams Salt of Tartar one Dram Cut and beat them small to be ty'd in a Bag and infus'd in Wine Of which exhibit a Draught to the Patient Morning and Evening Sassafras and the sudorific Woods are best for Sweating As for Alteratives the mild oily Aromatics which are tinctur'd with a gentle Bitterness are only proper All sharp and fierce Medicines inwardly taken are very offensive to the Eyes as Onyons Garlic Spirit of Sal Armoniac Horse Radishes c. Therefore they ought to be carefully avoided Eye-bright and all its Productions are admirably good Next to it are Valerian Celandin the greater Lovage Fennel Juniper Berries Carduus Benedictus Rue the four hot Seeds Elecampane and Rosemary We use to tie them in Bags to be infus'd in Wine The following Pouder is much approv'd Take of the Herbs Betony Celandin the greater Eyebright Lovage Anifeeds Lovage Roots Valerian Roots and Chinamom of each a Dram Cardamoms Ginger Galangal Fennel Seeds Parsley Seeds Seeds of Mountain Siler and of the Herb wild Marjoram of each half a Dram Sugar one Ounce make a Pouder to be taken some time before eating as likewise along with Victuals Or Take of the Pouder of Falcons Dung dry'd two Drams Fennel Seeds one Dram Mix for a Pouder to be taken every day Innocent the 3d was wont to do mighty feats with an Electuary made of Fennel Seeds the Seeds of Mountain Siler Smallage Dill and Parsley Seeds with Honey Ants Earthworms and Hoglice and their various Preparations are very useful Mr. Boyle commends the Infusion of Hoglice in Wine If a Gutta Serena proceed only from a want of Spirits occasion'd by Venery or excessive Evacuations there is nothing so proper as a moderat Diet and Food of easy Digestion As for external Applications May Dew gather'd from Fennel Antimonial Infusions distill'd Waters from the Galls of Fishes or Goose Dung are celebrated Remedies The Liquor or Oil of the Liver of a Lamprey the Fat of Vipers and the Juice of Ants clarify'd by standing are all good The Oil that melts from Earth-worms Glass and fermented Bread is very effectual it must be strain'd thro a thick Cloth and sharpen'd with a little Camphyr and gently laid upon the Eye Brendelius admires the following Ointment Take of Honey of Rosemary Flowers scum'd Ginger in Pouder Cloves pouder'd and common Salt of each half an Ounce Mix them for a liquid Ointment of which put about the bigness of a Mustard Seed into the Eye It will make it smart at first but is a very innocent Medicine Chewing and sneezing Remedies are likewise not improper Blistering Plaisters may be applied behind the Ears or to the Pit of the Neck or to the Head it self and Issues or Setaces may be cut in the Neck CHAP. II. Of the Disorders of the Ear. THE Sense of Hearing is occasion'd by the Motion of the Air in the Ear and is rendred agreeable or disagreeable violent or flat according to the Proportion of the Air 's Impulse upon it which is communicated to the Brain by a particular Nerve set apart for that purpose This Nerve detaches a small Branch to the Teeth which causes the Sympathy that is observ'd upon the approach of any ungrateful Sound This Sense is sometimes weaken'd or quite lost and sometimes vitiated The former may be caus'd by malignant acute or chronical Distempers and is taken for a good sign in Fevers It insues upon the cutting off or wounding of the external part of the Ear which Defect is in some measure supplied by holding one's Hand or some artificial Instrument in its place It may be caus'd by an Obstruction in the Passage for Hearing or a Disorder in the Membran which preserves the Nerve and internal part of the Organ from external Injuries This Membran may be injur'd by violent Sounds Ulcers in the Ear or a redundancy of Serum in the Brain which unbends it and so indisposes it for receiving the Impression of the Air. It becomes sometimes paralytic and liable to Convulsions and is oft-times affected by the Disorders of the Stomac If the Animal Spirits have not a free Passage in the Hearing Nerve Deafness will insue Their Passage may be disturb'd by a wrong Insertion of the Nerve by a Compression or Obstruction occasion'd by external Accidents or Defluxions within or by the above-mention'd Disorders of the Membran which is nothing else but the Expansion of the Hearing Nerve Deafness is manifest of it self The greatest difficulty is to distinguish the Causes which must be indeavour'd by inquiring into the Patient's Constitution the Accidents that preceded and the Passions or Disorders which accompany it In the business of Prognostics we must have regard to its Companions If it succeed to a Chronical Distemper or becomes a formal Disease by it self 't is a difficult Matter to remove it In acute
Etmullerus Abridg'd OR A Compleat System of the Theory and Practice of Physic BEING A DESCRIPTION OF All Diseases Incident to Men Women and Children WITH An Account of their Causes Symptoms and most approved methods 〈◊〉 Cure PHYSICAL and CHIRVRGâ—â—â—L To which is prefix'd a short View 〈◊〉 the Animal and Vital Functions and the sevâ—â—â—â— Vertuâ—â— and Classes of Medâ—cines Translated from the last Edition of the Works of Michael ETMUILERVS late Professor oâ— Physic in the University of Leiptsich LONDON Printed for E. Harris at the Harrow in Litte-Britain F. Hubbard next Door to the Crown Tavern in Duck Lane and A. Bell at the Cross Keys and 〈◊〉 in Cornhill near Stocks-Market 1699. THE TRANSLATOR's PREFACE SInce Practical Sciences are infinitely more useful to mankind than the most Curious speculations Doubtless the Practice of Physic may justly claim the same Privilege with respect to its Theoric Companions Anatomy Chymy Botany and the whole Circle of Sciences that retain to Physic are only serviceable when they conspire to improve a regular and safe Practice When they carry on any different design their Positions are deservedly neglected as idle and useless Curiosities The only plea they can make is the Diversion and Entertainment of a few whose Heads are turned that way Whereas the Advantage and Benefit of the World is the Result of Practical Truths Vpon this Account I chose to abridge Etmullerus his Practice of Physic as being the center and substance of all his Performances The Choice was determin'd by the Advantage which accrues to the Theory in being applied to Practice and back'd by Experience without which no Argument is good in being deliver'd in such a method as must naturally ingross all its useful and instructing Part and leave out what is only Calculated for Diversion and Pleasure Thus 't is restor'd to its Natural tendency and stamp'd with an inviting Character 'T is clear'd of the Crimes that are charg'd upon frivolous niceties and recommended to the World as a substantial and necessary part of Physic Had this method been always follow'd it had prevented a great many Inconveniences as it will appear by the following Instances Most of our Courses of Practice are stuffâ—d with the Nauseous Repetition of ineffectual Med'cines Their unexperienc'd Authors deliver their mistaken notions as a standing Rule and with an assuming Air pretend to Dictat to Experience So great is the Self-sufficiency of a teeming Brain and such is the Consequence of that unhappy Distinction between the Theory of Diseases and Actual Practice By this means Various Sects arise Their respective Votaries become Physicians by Eccho and form their precarious methods from the Placita of Opinionative Men The mâ—st solid and useful Positions are misconstru'd or wrangl'd away and plain Practice is confronted by vain fancies or run down by the humor and byass of a Party On the other hand a certain set of Men disoblig'd by the stiffness of the speculative Tribe and their small regard to Experience have chose to lay aside all the advantages of even useful Theory and trust wholly to the Conduct of an Ignorant Experience Thus Med'cines that in a few singular Instances have been Crown'd with success are recommended as infallible in all Diseases of the like form Whereas were these Empyric Pretenders acquainted with the Various Causes of the same effect and the peculiar Constitutions of Men they would be able to single out the particular Cases in which their Med'cines are proper and second 'em with solid Reasons But they foolishly disdain the least Tincture of Knowledge they boldly decry what they do not understand and with a successful impudence impose upon a Credulous World Now the result of all is that a happy Conjunction of Speculative and Experimental Knowledge is the only remedy of the Inconveniences that Cramp a regular Practice And 't is in great measure accomplish'd in the following sheets Here the orderly Scheme of the functions of the Body The General Classes and Vertues of Medicines and their forms of Prescription are briefly accounted for in few Preliminary Chapters Here the Reader will meet with the Spirit and Perfection of Practice supported by all the â—â—â—ful discoveries of Anatomy and Chymy and a Judicious Account of the Materia Medica Here the nicest Phylosopher will find entertainment answerable to his humor and the meanest Empyric will be Accommodated with suitable Instruction Our Author omits nothing that may promote the Grand design He reasons with the manly force and Dexterity of a Philosopher and yet stoops to the meanest stroke of unaccountable Experience He weighs all the Instances of Quack-Cures even Sympathy it self he pay's a deference to and choosâ—s rather to check the most refin'd reason than controul matter of fact He traces the Ancients to their earlyest date and omits no piece of Modern Discovery He Reconciles the Experience of former Ages with the improvements of later Authors He unites the jarring Hypotheses of Willis Sylvius and Helmont and makes 'em conspire to illustrat and imbellish an uniform Practice In the Division of Diseases he chooses to follow the most Natural method in ranking 'em with the functions of the Body and fetching in the Stragglers to the place where their cause is lodg'd In this he was oblig'd to depart from the ordinary measures of our Common-Place Writers who split diseases as their effects vaâ—y and multiply 'em according to the Number of their Symptoms By so doing he avoid the Inconvenience of Charging our memories with multiplyed Cures that may be compass'd by one method As for Instance he fetches the cause of all Chronical Diseases from the Stomac and with one Blow Cuts off the Preposterous plea of Obstructions in the Bowels and a Numberless train of Symptoms Nay he Penetrates into the hidden source of most of our Northern Diseases and by accounting for that lâ—pps off a great deal of unnecessary Practice As it appears by his method of Curing Children's Distempers which has already met with a welcome reception from the English World But 't is a needless piece of formality to anticipat the Reader 's Curiosity with a Character of the Book or Author His Name is an Ample Recommendation His Works in the Language of the Learned have been receiv'd both here and abroad with the unanimous Approbation of the best Judges and have justly Entitled him to the Character he bears in the Title-Page of their Last Edition at Amsterdam viz. Practicus per Omnem Europam Celeberrimus His Practice of Physic is doubtless the Compleatest now extant As being so admirably fitted for all the Measures of Theory and Practice 'T is Countenanc'd by Anatomy Improv'd by Chymy distinguish'd in the Minutest Circumstances warranted by Experience and finish'd to the last Degree His Method is Easy The Causes he assigns to Diseases are Natural his Reasons Convincing his Proofs Solid his Cautions Seasonable his Observations Just his Experiments true His Vouchers Men of Credit his Med'cines Nicely Prepar'd and all
of the eight pair be disorder'd the Mouth of the Stomac becomes insensible and so eludes the influence of the Acid. These Nerves may be disorder'd upon their own Account or by consent of other Parts as in Nephritic and Colic Pains Or perhaps the Nerves are faultless and the Spirits are stupify'd by the use of Narcotics as Opium or Tobacco Or are diverted and imploy'd upon other things so as not to mind the impulse of the ferment as in the Case of Love Grief Madness c. If the Nerves or Spirits be not faulty the cause must be Lodg'd in the Stomac Sometimes the Acid is blunted by a superfluity of viscid matter in the Stomac Or the Spittle is become viscid and takes off its edge as in Hectic and Hypocondriac Persons This last cause is effectually-remov'd by drinking Wine in which Elecampane Roots Horse Radishes and Scurvy-Grass have been infus'd The hasty swallowing down of much meat drinking new and fermenting Liquors Cloying the Stomac with fat Oyly things or acid and austere Fruits do all cause a bluntness of the ferment The frequent use of Brandy or sulphurous Liquors Corrects the sharpness of the acid and occasions an inappetency The fatness and redundancy of the Bile whether in the Blood or Stomac may also vitiat the ferment When this cause takes place 't is known by a bitter taste in the mouth and a gnawing at the mouth of the Stomac And Lastly the suppression of wonted evacuations as stopping of the Terms or sudden forbearing of Venery c. May concur to the same effect Sometimes the acid it self is deficient If a Volatil Choler reign in the Blood or the Spirits are so disorder'd by a Feaver or otherwise that the alteration of the humors and particularly of the lympha is not regularly perform'd or if the heat of Summer exhausts the Spirits that should serve to exalt the ferment Immoderat drinking especially of whey which enjoys a temperat nitrous Salt allays the acidity of the ferment The frequent use of Alcali's as Chalk Hartshorn and all Chalybeat medicines little stones engender'd in the Stomac and the drinking of Urine which is a specific in hungry feavers are frequently the causes of a weak ferment As for Prognostics If it continue long in the beginning of a disease it weakens nature and adds force to the disease If it do not decline along with the distemper it portends a relapse In Chronical Diseases and such as come by Fits it is the forerunner of the Paroxysm In Children it is more suspected than in adult Persons If the Appetit seem to Answer in general and yet flags when Food is offer'd Or If after a loathing of meat the Patient of a sudden covet food and swallow it down greedily 't is a very bad Omen In the method of Cure a particular regard must be had to the difference of causes which may easily be distinguish'd without a long train of Diagnostics Generally the peccant cause is the abounding of slimy humors or of Choler or Fat in the Stomac Which is only remov'd by evacuating Medicines Of which Vomits are the best One Vomit is of more efficacy in this case than ten Purges As Take of Mynsichtius's Emetic Tartar three Grains fine sugar six Grains make a Powder Or if a liquid be more acceptable exhibit the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum minding heedfully the quantity of the Liquor and not the Crocus When a viscid Matter is lodg'd in the Stomach 't is fit to add some attenuating Ingredients As Take of Hyssop-water one or two Ounces Cinnamom-water two Drams Vinegar of Squills and the Emetic Syrup above prescrib'd of each half an Ounce compound Spirit of Verdigrease from two Scruples to a Dram. Mix c. If the Patient do not Vomit easily exhibit purging Medicines among which Aloe is the best but it ought not to be wash'd It is a common Ingredient into Pills and operates but very gently If there be occasion for a stronger Purgative Take the Pills of Hiera with Agaric adding to them Gum-ammoniac or some attenuating Medicine Thus Take of the Mass of Pills of Hiera with Agaric from twelve to fifteen Grains Extract of Wormwood or Gum-ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar eight Grains or half a Scruple Scammonium Sulphuratum one Grain Extract of the Troches Alhandal from half a Grain to two Grains For those who are Obnoxious to Hypochondriac Fits the following Pills are very useful Take of the Pills of Hiera with Agaric half a Scruple or twelve Grains Gum-ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar half a Scruple Scammony prepar'd with Juice of Roses two Grains Extract of Troches Alhandal one Grain with the Essence of Steel make Pills Or Take of the Pills of Mastic fifteen Grains extract of Wormwood twelve Grains Extract of Troches Alhandal one Grain Make Pills This purging Powder is likewise very good for Hypocondriac Persons and such as are easily purg'd viz. Take of Tartarum Vitriolatum fifteen Grains Scammony prepar'd with Sulphur four Grains Troches Alhandal one Grain distill'd Oyl of Cummin-seeds two drops Make a Powder If a Potion be more agreeable Take of Hyssop-water Mint-water of each half an Ounce Tartarum Vitriolatum and Extract of Agaric of each six Grains Scammony sulphurated two Grains Mix for a Potion So much for Purging Medicines After gentle Evacuations we proceed to the use of such Medicines as strengthen the Walls of the Stomac and resolve the slimy Mucilage that sticks to them To this purpose all sharp volatil and aromatic Medicines are proper as the Stomachical Herbs Spices the hot Seeds and Antiscorbutic's especially Horse-Raddishes Those of a gentle astringent quality restore the Natural Constitution of the Stomac when vitiated by the use of Opium strong Liquors Brandy c. As for Acid Medicines I cannot much approve them I never saw any good Effect produc'd by them in this case excepting Cream of Tartar and the dulcify'd Spirit of Salt or of Vitriol 'T is true they are fit to provoke the Stomac and imitate Nature in prompting it to crave Food but the Business of a Physician is rather to remove the Encumbrances that annoy the Natural Function than to supply an Artificial Appetit The Essence of Bread distill'd thro' a Retort is a sovereign Restorer of the ferment These Medicines may be prescrib'd thus Take of Wormwood Mint of each a handful Roots of Acorus two Drams Gentian Roots half an Ounce the four hot Seeds of each two Drams Slice and chop 'em small And tie them up in a Bag to be infus'd in Wine Let the sick Person drink a Draught twice a Day adding to every Draught six Drops of dulcify'd Spirit of Salt Or Take of Mint three handfuls fresh Roots of Acorus two Ounces Roots of Elecampane or Horse-Radishes from one Ounce to an Ounce and a half Zedoary Roots six Drams Cinnamom three Drams put them into a Bag to be infus'd in Wine Take of Mint three handfuls Carduus Benedictus one handful Wormwood Tops and lesser
Quinces of Lemons Citrons Pomgranats and Oranges the Water of the Sprigs of Vines mix'd with Spirit of Treacle Capers pickl'd in Vinegar and mix'd with Carminative Seeds Essence of Orange-peel mix'd with Essence of Saffron in a suppression of the Terms the Decoction of Parsley-roots with Chiches and especially Wine in which Mint and Wormwood are infus'd Take of the Vitriolated Conserve of Mint four Ounces powder of Zedoary a Dram or two with Syrup of Quinces make an Electuary of which let the Patient take a convenient quantity thrice a Day Take of Mint-water Baum-water of each an Ounce Cinnamon-water prepar'd with Quinces six Drams Juice of Quinces an Ounce with a sufficient quantity of dulcify'd Spirit of Salt make a Potion Dose a Spoonful now and then Let Syrups or sweet things be sparingly us'd Treacle and Mithridate are sometimes very useful When other things fail we must have recourse to Steel and absorbent Powders Bleeding is of no direct use in this Disease tho in a suppression of the Terms or Plethora it may be serviceable by removing the occasional Cause CHAP. III. Of an Immoderat Appetit and Dog Hunger AN extraordinary Appetit returning by intervals and attended by Swooning is call'd Bulimus If Victuals be speedily swallow'd down without Chewing and frequently Vomited up or at least so speedily digested that the hungry Appetit is not discontinu'd 't is call'd a Dog-Hunger The Cause of 'em both for the most part is a Volatil disengag'd Acid call'd by the Ancients Melancholy that gnaws and provokes the Mouth of the Stomac Accordingly we find that Acids augment and viscous Anti-acids impair the Appetit 'T is true a volatil Urinous Alcali such as the Bile abounding in the Stomac may sometimes increase the Appetit and in that case Acids perform the Cure If the Nervous Membrane of the Stomach be over sensible and too easily provok'd an extraordinary Appetit may likewise insue thereupon Worms in the Stomac or Guts may vellicate the Membrans and so create an Appetit and if the Digestion withal be easie and quick it argues that there 's an acid Matter in the Stomac besides Worms 'T is but very seldom that a fames Canina is periodical neither is it follow'd by Fatness by reason of the rough unpliable Crasis of the Blood Long Fasting and any immoderat Evacuation of Blood or Chyle may be listed into the number of its External Causes In a Bulimus the Causes are somewhat meeker attended by a dullness or want of Spirits When it succeeds to Chronical Diseases or when the Swooning Fits happen while the Belly is full 't is dangerous If a Dog Hunger be attended by Vomiting and Loosenesses it degenerates into Gachexies Dropsies Consumptions c. The Cure consists in tempering and evacuating the Acid. The former Indication must be first satisfied for if we attempt to evacuate the Acid in its vicious State it will grow fiercer and more offensive The tempering Remedies are fix'd and volatil Alcali's absorbent Earthy Powders and fat Oyly Medicines The first kill the Acidity as appears by mixing Salt of Tartar with Spirit of Vitriol The second suck up the acid Particles as is evident by the Experiment of Vinegar and Crabs Eyes The last cramp and fetter the Acid. Of the first sort are the Vegetable fix'd Salts Salt and Spirit of Urine Spirit of Hartshorn Onyons Garlick c. Of the second are Crabs Eyes Coral Pearls Chalk Blood-Stone Bole-armenic Seal'd Earth Steel prepar'd without Acids and mix'd with Opiats Of the third sort are the express'd Oyl of Sweet Almonds Linseed c. distill'd Oyls of Aniseed Caraway-seed and especially of Cloves the Yelks of Eggs boil'd hard or the Oyl of Eggs hot Bread dipp'd into Oyl c. But if the Disease be attended by Vomiting the Oyly Ingredients ought to be avoided or their use discontinu'd when the Hunger relents Take of the Filings of Steel and prepar'd Coral of each half a Dram prepar'd Crabs Eyes a Scruple prepar'd Mother of Pearl and Bone of Carp of each a Scruple Saffron half a Scruple Laudanum Opianum two Grains Mix for two or three Doses to be exhibited in fat Broth. Besides the abovementioned Ingredients some recommend the drinking of Wine others Cockles River Crabs Pork Brains fry'd with Butter Rice boyl'd with Milk and Butter Fistic-Nuts Sweet-Almonds c. Sweet Generous Wines in which Mint and Sage are infus'd or the Spirits of those Herbs or the Essence of Wormwood Penny-royal Baum c. mix'd with distill'd Oyls are much approv'd Narcotics stupify the Mouth of the Stomach and upon that score are useful But this Cure is only palliative Treacle and Mithridate are the best of ' em The Acid being thus prepar'd let Vomits be exhibited or Purges such as this Take of the Pills of Hiera a Scruple choice Rhubarb in Powder half a Scruple with Syrup of Roses Make â—ills Or Take of the Extract of Aloe prepar'd with tartaris'd Water prepar'd red Coral of each half a Dram Gum-ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar a Scruple Extract of Steel two Scruples Extract of Troches Alhandal half a Scruple with Essence of Myrrh make thirty Pills Dose ten or fifteen A Bulimus is cur'd by generous Spanish Wine or Frontignac or a Medicinal Wine with Cinnamon Nutmegs c. infus'd in it Bread dipp'd into it and applied to the Nostrils or eaten is much approv'd Treacle dissolv'd in Wine is likewise very proper SECT III. Of the Disorders of Thirst THIRST proceeds from the Vellication of the Gullet Throat Palat Tongue and adjacent parts occasion'd by sharp saline Particles The Liquor it demands is naturally design'd for a Vehicle to the solid Food and Excrements 'T is disorder'd by way of Increase Diminution or Depravation The two last are very uncommon 'T is true there are some few Instances of a want of Thirst among Children and Splenetic Persons and wherever 't is found it must proceed from a redundacy of moisture about the Stomac and Throat or the stupidity of those parts Either of which Causes is remov'd by the use of Elixir proprietatis Tincture of Tartar Tartar vitriolated Arcanum Duplicatum Sal-armoniac mix'd with Spices Salt of Carduus Benedictus c. If it be caus'd by the inadvertency of the mind and delirous Disposition of the Spirits as in Feavers 't is a bad sign but yields to the general Cure of the Disease As for the Depravation of Thirst or a particular aversion to some Liquors and violent inclination to others 't is either a Symptom of a Feaver or accompanies a Pica or Malacia and requires the same Cure as its Companions CHAP. I. Of Immoderat Thirst IT remains now to take a View of Immoderat Thirst the only disorder of that Nature that requires consideration in this place The part affected is the Throat Gullet and Mouth of the Stomach The cause is either positive or privative The positive cause is a sharp Salt vellicating these parts which if it be lock'd up in a viscous Vehicle is
not so easily diluted as otherwise This Salt is of an Alcalin nature contrary to that which causes immoderat Hunger The privative cause is the Defect of Saliva whose Office 't is to water those parts and dilute the Salts The remote external Causes are Purging Medicines Pepper Salt Spices Arsenic sublimat Mercury talking loud sleeping with the Mouth open c. The internal remote Causes are the prevalency of a bitter Oyl in the Choler depraving the Lymph an Oyly sharpness in the Saliva occasion'd by Catarrhs extravasation of Serum or Scorbutic glutinous Lymph the Deficiency Glutinosity and Saltish sharpness of the Saliva as in Feavers Phthisicks Hectics c. To which we may add the disorder diversion or paucity of the Spirits which hinder the due secretion of the Spittle as in the Instances of Weakness Fatigue Anger Pain c. The heat of the Blood in the Lungs and dejection of the Appetit in the Stomac have likewise a great hand in causing Thirst Sometimes Thirst is attended by a Feaverish heat at other times it is quite free of it as in Scorbutic Hydropic and Catarrhous cases In general a sudden Thirst without any visible cause prognosticates some Disease or other If the Tongue be dry the Mouth beset with a tough Phlegm and the Body oppress'd with heat and yet the Person be insensible of Thirst 't is an Argument of a Delirium or great disorder among the Animal Spirits or of the stupidity of the Tongue and adjacent parts and is justly look'd upon as a malignant Symtom If in drinking the Liquor makes a noise as it falls into the Stomac it is an Argument of the Disorder of the Stomac In Feavers it disappears together with them But in Chronical Distempers 't is not so easily shaken off As for the method of Cure the irritating Cause must be first remov'd by Medicines vary'd according to its Nature Such are partly austere Acids partly temperat Medicineâ— which correct the sharp or urinous or oyly or saline Particles The Acids are Wood-sorrel Prunes Citrons Quinces Oranges Pomgranates Rasberries Barberries Corants Cherries and all their Juices and especially Tamarinds which not only abate the Thirst but open the Body The Juice of Houseleek Vinegar Strawberry-water Tinctures of Roses of Viclets and of Dasies Cream of Tartar Spirits of Vitriol of Sulphur of Salt or the Spirit distill'd from equal Quantities of Sulphur Antimony and Vitriol drop'd into the ordinary Drink The temperate Remedies are Milk Whey clarify'd with Citrons Emulsions of Seeds Raisins Liquorice e. The second Indication of Cure is to augment the quantity of Serum and Spittle by exhibiting Liquids alter'd with Wine or Cinnamom or mix'd with acid Spirits Simple cold Water tho' commonly us'd is very noxious Besides 't is not convenient to throw in too large quantities of Liquors for fear of loading the Stomac therefore Gargles and Mucilages applied to the Tongue and Throat will not be improper As for the Forms of Recipe's these following will suffice Take of the Decoction of the Leaves and Roots of Wood-sorrel one Pound fresh Juice of Wood-sorrel three Ounces Syrup of Bay-berries and Pomgranats of each six Drams Mix them Take of the Decoction of Barly one Pound Juices of Citrons and of Quinces of each two Ounces Tinctures of the Flowers of Dasies and Roses of each two Drams Syrup of the Juice of Citrons an Ounce and a half Spirit of Salt as much as sufficeth Make a Julep Take of the Flowers of Dasies six Drams sprinkle 'em with Spirit of Sulphur and infuse 'em in two Pound of Barly-water till it extract a Tincture strain the Liquor and add three Ounces of the Syrup of Rasberries Take of Tamarinds two Ounces bruis'd small Raisins an Ounce and a half boil them in Water and infuse in the strain'd Liquor while 't is yet hot an Ounce of fresh Citron-peel When 't is cold strain it out and add half an Ounce of the Tincture of Roses Make a Julep Take of Barly-water a Pound and a half Cinnamom-water an Ounce purify'd Nitre or Nitrum Antimoniatum from a Dram to a Dram and a half Mix them for a Potion This and all Nitrous Potions are proper for such as do not agree with Acids In Scorbutic Phthysical and Hydropic Cases the Saltness of the Lymph and Spittle is admirably corrected by Whey mix'd with Juice of Citrons or with the Juices of Scurvy-grass and Wood-sorrel Spirits of Salt and of Nitre are likewise very proper Emulsions prepar'd from the cooling and milky Seeds and the Decoction of China with Raisins and Liquorice are likewise conducive to the same purpose Acids in this case are improper But Liquorice and Fennel-Seeds boil'd are much approv'd As Take of Barly a handful small Raisins bruis'd an ounce and a half Anniseeds Fennel seeds of each a Dram and a half Liquorice-roots six Drams Boyl them in fair Water till the fourth part be consum'd adding towards the end a Dram and a half of Cinnamon Strain out the Liquor of which the Patient may drink at pleasure Gargles of Water Small-beer or Water impregnated with Nitre or the Juice of Houseleek or Mucilages of Quince-seeds Fleawort-seeds c. extracted with Rose-water or Phlegm of Vitriol and mix'd with the Juice of Houseleek applied to the Tongue and held in the Mouth are very useful especially when the Tongue is black dry and rough Some healthy Persons are molested with Thirst every Morning for whom Wormwood-wine is very proper Others are thirsty thro' Labour Fatigue and Exercise for whom the Spirit of Wine is very convenient SECT III. Of the Diseases relating to the Chewing Faculty HAVING dispatch'd the Disorders of the Appetit which is the first Spring of Nourishment I am now arriv'd at the manner of receiving Food It is first receiv'd by the Mouth Chew'd and impregnated with Spittle which being of a fermentative Nature not unlike that of the ferment in the Stomach predisposes and prepares it for Digestion Now if the Power of Chewing be deficient or disorder'd 't is neither impregnated with Spittle nor cut small so as to be fit for Digestion The Disorders of this Nature are such as respect either the Muscles imploy'd in that Motion the Jaw-bones or the Teeth Of these in order CHAP. I. Of the Contorsion of the Muscles of the Mouth or a Dog Cramp THE Temporal Muscles and those common to the Cheeks and Lips are the Instruments which move the under Jaw-bone in order to joyn it with the upper in the Act of Chewing If they are seiz'd with Convulsions or Cramps the under Jaw-bone is inseparably united to the upper if they be Paralytic it falls down by its own weight and they are not able to fetch it up But these Cramps and Palsies never happen but when the whole Body is equally affected and then they yield to the general Cure If one part or side of these Muscles be seiz'd with Convulsions or Palsy while the other is sound the Mouth stands awry inclining
to one side In which posture one of the Eyes cannot be duly shut neither can the Person pronounce the Letter O with a full Mouth or Spit but at one side of the Mouth If it be a Palsy the part affected is loose soft and follows the Motion of the sound Muscles and the under Eyelid falls down whereas if it be a Cramp or Convulsion the part is hard painful and draws the sound Muscles to it As for the Causes of Convulsions and Palsies they are accounted for elsewhere This Contorsion is a fatal Symptom in acute continual Feavers or after an universal Apoplexy or Epilepsy The Cure is accomplish'd by Purgative Medicines volatil and aromatic Sudorifics decoctions of Woods Castor given inwardly or its Essence apylied outwardly or its Extract roll'd in the Mouth Or Take of Nutmegs two Drams Roots of Pellitory of Spain and of Angelica Seeds of Staves-acre Mustard-seeds of each a Dram Cumin-seeds and Cubebs of each half a Dram Pepper half a Scruple Mastic a Dram and a half with Wax make Tablets to be roll'd in the Mouth The Mouth may be wash'd with Spirit of Wine in which Castor is dissolv'd or the Decoction of Pellitory-roots with Rocket-seeds Platerus was wont to cure the Convulsive distortion of the Mouth by Opiats mix'd with Aromatics as Mithridat Syrup of Poppies c. If the Case be Paralytic Blistering Plaisters may be applied to the Ear or Nap of the Neck As for the Disorders of the Jaw bones If they are disjoynted by external Violence Yauning or Gaping they are easily set right by a Cuff under the Chin. If they are incumbred by Tumors or Inflammations in the Throat if their motion be cramp'd by the swelling of the Glandules behind the Ears or the settlement of a tartarine thick Humour upon the conjunction with the Bones of the Temples the regular motion is retriev'd by the respective Cure of those Causes If the Antagonist Muscles that bring up and pull down the under Jaw-bone be reciprocally contracted thro' Cold Worms c. there insues a gnashing of the Teeth Which in Feavers and adult Persons is an unlucky Symptom and is cur'd by the external Application of Balsam of Peru and the removal of its Causes CHAP. II. Of the Loss Corruption Blackness Looseness Numness and Chilness of the Teeth THE Teeth are nourish'd not only by the Arteries and Veins inserted into their Roots but likewise by the Gums When they are uncapable thro' Age or otherwise to receive Nourishment they fall out or are ground away by continual use The Causes which promote this their decay are the abuse of Stupifying or Narotic over cold or over hot Medicines or of Viscous and Corruptible things which stick to the sides of the Teeth and corrupt their Nourishment such as Sugar Sweet-meats Figs Cheese Milk c. The Scurvy Salivation handling of Mercury external Violence c. The Cure consists in removing the Causes If Mercury be the cause Leaves of Gold or Solar Preparations are very proper Sometimes the Teeth are corrupted thro' the acidity of their own direct Nourishment or of that receiv'd sideways from the Gums External Injuries are apt to produce the same Effect At first there appears a black Spot in the Tooth then it becomes a Hole and the Tooth grows hollow the corrupted Matter lodg'd within corodes the Tooth causes pain and sometimes reaches the Gums and Jaw-bone creating Ulcers which degenerate into Fistula's Sometimes the corrupted Matter degenerates into Worms Sometimes the Teeth stink and infect the Breath by reason of corrupted Meat sticking in their Chinks or in the hollow Tooth If the Corruption be confirm'd it cannot be Cur'd without drawing the Tooth The Juice of Sun-spurge mix'd with Sal-armoniac and Flour and put into the Hollow-Tooth will render the Operation easy the Juice of Celandin the greater or a bruis'd Grashopper are proper for the same purpose Or Take of Gum-ammoniac Henbane-seeds Juice of Henbane of each a Dram and a half with the fat of Green Frogs and Wax make an Ointment to be applied to the Tooth before 't is drawn If the Corruption be not too far advanc'd a stop may be put to its further progress by applying an actual Cautery and afterwardsfilling the Tooth with Gold-leaf beat up with Myrrh and Wax or with Turpentine or with the Decoction of Ginger in Oxymel or with Coral and Camphyr Or Take of prepar'd red Coral bone of a Cuttle and burnt Hartshorn of each two Scruples choice Myrrh half a Dram Camphyr five or six Grains with the mucilage of Tragacanth make Pills to be put into the Hollow-Tooth Some choose potential Cautery's instead of actual ones as Aqua-Fortis or the Spirit of Salt If the Teeth stink let 'em be wash'd with Water in which Sal-armoniac is dissolv'd If they are infested with Worms wash 'em with the Decoction of Savin in Wine or apply the Spirit of Sulphur with Cotton or let the fumes of burnt Henbane-seed be receiv'd at the Mouth Sometimes if the Gums be flaccid loose or otherwise disorder'd the lateral Nourishment they afford to the Teeth is viciated and sticks like an Excrement upon their surface and either grows hard like a friable Stone or blackens and disorders the Teeth Hence we see that whatever affects the Gums as the Scurvy Mercurial Salivation c. is follow'd by a blackness and sordid colour of the Teeth If this Symptom be recent and not confirm'd let the Teeth and Gums be rub'd with the following Powder Take of burnt Hartshorn three Ounces Coral a Dram and a half Roots of Florentine Orris two Scruples burnt Allum and Salt of Tartar of each a Scruple make a Powder to be sprinkled with Spirit of Scurvy-grass adding some drops of the distill'd Oyl of Cloves If the Excrement be stiff and confirm'd let Spirit of Salt mix'd with Honey be applied to the Gums and Teeth Or Take a Polypody-root and soak it for the space of four and twenty Hours in Wine sharpen'd with Spirit of Sulphur Then dry it for a Powder for the Teeth Let the Teeth and Gums be wash'd every Morning with Human Urine and after eating with Plantan and Houseleek-water in which Sal-armoniac and Salt of Tartar are dissolv'd The Powders of hard stones such as Flint Pumice-stone c. are not so convenient unless it be in a very inveterat case because they consume the Gums As touching the looseness of the Teeth 't is occasion'd either by their own intrinsic fault of which above or the relaxation of the Fibres of the Gums which frequently proceeds from the sharpness of the Saliva or Serum as appears by the aptness of the Scurvy Tooth-ach and Mercurial Salivation to cause it Opiats also us'd for the Tooth-ach sometimes cause a looseness of the Teeth by relaxating the Fibres of the Gums If it be inveterat it may run to that height that the Gums are exulcerated corrupted and dispos'd to a Gangrene Sometimes if the Texture of the Gums is very solid and
relaxating Causes assault it it shoots up a loose flaccid sordid sort of Flesh that ' twines about and covers the Tooth The Cure consists in corroborating the flaccid Gums by Astringents cleansing the Ulcers if any there be and preserving them from further Corruption Tincture of Lac with Myrrh is a noted Medicine for this Effect Spirit of Salt with Honey of Roses is also a powerful cleanser Take of the Flowers of Holyhocks half an Ounce prepar'd burnt Hartshorn two Drams burnt Allum Nutmegs of each a Dram. Make a Powder to rub the Gums with after cleansing the Teeth and washing the Mouth with the following Gargle Take of Sage-leaves two handfuls Flowers of Holyhocks one handful Polypody-roots half an Ounce Boyl them in fair Water To a Pound of the strain'd Decoction add Honey of Roses two Ounces and a half Antimonial Nitre three Drams burnt Allum and seal'd Earth of each a Dram. Mix c. Take of the Leaves of Sage and Scurvy-grass of each three handfuls boyl them in Milk To a Pound of the strain'd Liquor add fresh Juice of Scurvygrass two Ounces Syrup of Columbines four Ounces Mix for an Antiscorbutic Gargle Take of crude Allum a Dram and a half Flowers of Columbines and Sage-leaves of each two Drams Roots of Florentin-Orris three Drams choice Myrrh two Scruples Sprinkle 'em liberally with Spirit of Scurvygrass adding a few Drops of the distill'd Oyl of Cloves Make a Liniment for the Teeth For a Scorbutic Excrescence of the Gums Spirit of Scurvygrass mix'd with burnt Allum is very proper or the Decoction of small Houseleek with Allum and Hony or a mixture of the Scum of Quicklime Water with Lac Vitriol and Rose-water are much approv'd If the Excrescence be over luxuriant we must have recourse to the Decoction of Verdigrise and Allum mix'd with Vinegar or the Ointment Aegyptiacum mix'd with Hony of Roses or the following Powder Take of burnt Allum and Sal-armoniac of each a Scruple Mastic and Frankincense of each half a Dram. Make a Powder to be rub'd upon the Teeth after washing the Mouth with the Decoction of Sage Tormentil and red Roses The Numness of the Teeth proceeds from the Acidity of the Lymph and is cur'd by chewing fresh Purslain or Cheese or applying the White of an Egg boyl'd hard but especially by warm Urine The chilness of the Teeth or their aptitude to shrink and ache at the approach of any cold thing is curâ—d by applying Treacle or Spirit of Wine or chewing hot Bread or the Yelk of an Egg rosted SECT IV. Of the Diseases that hinder Swallowing THE Food receiv'd and prepar'd in the Mouth must be forwarded by the Tongue to the upper part of the Pharynx and thence convey'd downwards to the Stomach by the successive contraction of the Muscles of the Gullet This we call Swallowing The Disorders 't is obnoxious to are such as tend either to impair or deprave it Those of the former sort are occasion'd by the Palsy of the Sphincter and Mâ—sâ—les of the Throat The Convulsion or Contraction of the Gullet caused by Hypocondriac Hysteric and Epileptic Fits Worms want of Spittle or Moisture violent Exercise astringent Liquors c. Or the narrowness of its Passage caus'd by Tumors Obstructions and Inflammations either of it self or the adjacent parts Or the Inflammation Excoriation Exâ—lceration and Tumor of the upper Orifice of the Stomach or its queasyness and aversion to Food or Wind irritating its Muscles to contract themselves and deny admission to the Food The Depravation of the Swallowing Faculty discovers it self three ways 1. When Liquors can be taken down but no solid thing 2. When solid things are easily receiv'd but such as are liquid are thrown up by the Mouth and Nostrils by reason that the Epiglottis does not duly cover the opening of the Wind-pipe 3. When some things both solid and liquid are easily taken down and some are not Of which more under the Head of a Queasy Stomac In acute Diseases or Wounds the Convulsion of the Gullet is fatal as also its relaxation for want of Spirits If any external thing taken down stick in the Gullet it occasions Imposthumes Ulcers c. and together with the corrupted Matter works it self out either upwards or downwards or cuts out a new Passage through the neighbouring parts Or if it reach the Stomach may either be voided by Stool without any harm or cause Obstructions in the Pylorus Looseness in the Guts c. according to its Nature and Bulk The Cure vary's according to the quality of the Causes If the Head of the Gullet is Paralytic let the Decoction of Sage and Rocket-seeds in Wine or the Infusion of Thyme and Lavender-flowers in Aqua-Vitae with Castor or the Essence of Castor mix'd with Spirit of Venice-Treacle and Aqua Anhaltina be held in the Mouth Let the Juice of Sage with Nutmegs and Castor or Turpentine dissolv'd with the Yelk of an Egg in the Water of Primroses or some drops of the distillâ—d Oyls of Amber Sage Anniseeds c. be gradually taken down Let the Neck and neighbouring parts be anointed with Spirit of Earth-worms and distill'd Oyl of Cloves Amber c. If the Muscles of the Gullet be seiz'd with Convulsions let Cephalic and Opiat Medicines be us'd both internally and externally If want of moisture and extreme dryness cause their contraction Let the mucilage of Quinces extracted with the Water of Frogs-Spawn be held in the Mouth and insensibly swallow'd Hysteric and Hypocondriac Contractions of the Pharynx are cur'd by Chalybeat and absorbent Remedies Pins Bones pieces of Glass and such like pointed things swallow'd down and sticking in the Gullet ought to be brought back if possible by Sneezing Coughing or taking down liquid Vomits and drinking in the mean while Oyly soft Liquors or by the help of Instruments made for the purpose SECT V. Of the Hindrances of Chylification THE Food convey'd by the Mouth and Gullet into the Stomac is there dissolv'd partly by the heat of the Stomac and adjacent Bowels and partly by the salin and spirituous Juice in the Stomac which likewise encounters the alcalin Salts of the Food when dissolv'd and by means of a fermentation works it into a volatil temperat milky substance which we call Chyle That this ferment in the Stomac is an acid salin substance is sufficiently made out by the acid Belchings that attend even those who are well by the evident vertue which Acids have of promoting and fat oyly Anti-acids of impairing the Appetit The original of this ferment is the Lymph deposited by the Glandules of the Stomach into its Cavity where it meets the remains of Food impregnated with Spittle and render'd acid by delay and combines with 'em in the form of an acid ferment CHAP. I. Of Diseases Incumbring or Extinguishing Chylification IF the Food be not sufficiently elaborat in the Stomac and in due time converted into Chyle it remains unfit for nourishing the Body as being nothing
vomiting in the beginning or height is good If it follow Wounds or Bruises of the Head 't is frequently mortal The Periodical Vomitings of Hypochondriac Scorbutic and Splenetic Persons are of a good Character If the Matter vomited be a mixture of Choler and Pituita 't is a Friendly Symptom but either of them apart is more noxious The vomiting of Worms Excrements of the Belly Clysters c. is much suspected Before we launch into the method of Cure 't will not be improper to take Notice of the following Cautions 1. That Critical Vomits or those which happen in the beginning of Benign Diseases or those of Women with Child in their first Months ought not to be stopp'd unless they exceed measure 2. That in Scorbutic Cases absorbent mitigating Ingredients are more proper than hot sharp Aromatics 3. That a Vomiting of Blood ought to be curb'd betimes for fear of exhausting the Spirits 4. In case of Worms it ought to be incourag'd and the Body kept soluble 5. That in all Vomitings 't is convenient to keep the belly open by gentle Purges and Clysters But withal the quantity of the Liquor for Clysters must be small lest the Colon being distended it should press or irritate the incumbent bottom of the Stomac 6. By all means let Sleep be promoted 7. All Vomitings occasion'd by assumption of Poyson ought to be encourag'd and continu'd till the Poyson be rooted out For which end fat and tempering Liquors are very Proper for that all Vegetable and Mineral Poysons are endu'd with an excessive Acrimony As touching Animal Poysons indeed the case is alter'd 8. That Inappetency Loathing and such like Infirmities of the Stomac ought to be obviated betimes by Vomits lest delay remove the opportunity The General Indications of Cure are these The Remote Causes must be remov'd the exquisite sense of the Stomac and fierceness of the Spirits abated by Opiats the Stomac gratify'd with agreeable Aromatics and fortify'd by Astringents The first Indication must be satisfied according to the variety of the Causes Gentle Vomits and Purges are convenient if vicious Humors in the Stomach or Poyson are blam'd as the Cause For the second Indication Laudanum Opiatum is an incomparable and universal Remedy Mithridat Venice Treacle and especially Diascordium are entitled to the same Character As for Example Take of Treacle half a Dram Laudanum Opiatum a Grain distill'd Oyl of Mace two Drops with Juice of Quinces make a Bolus The third Indication is answer'd by sweet-scented Aromatic Stomachic Remedies Such as are Quinces Mint Wormwood Baum Zedoary Orange Peel Mastic Camphir Cloves Nutmegs and especially Cinamom their Waters Spirits Essences Extracts and distill'd Oyls The Astringent Ingredients are Quercetanus's Syrup of Coral Syrup of dry Roses Juice of Pomgranats Vinegar with Zedoary infus'd Elixir of Vitriol and especially the Spirit of Vitriol of Steel and Juice of Quinces Seal'd Earth beat into a Pultise with Spirit of Vitriol or of Nitre hardens into a Stone which if powder'd and put into a moist place melts into a Styptic Liquor of admirable use for all Astringent Indications Take of Mint-Water two or three Ounces Cinnamom-Water six Drams Juice of Quinces an Ounce rectify'd Spirit of Vitriol five or six Drops Distill'd Oyl of Cinnamom three Drops mix Take a spoonful now and then adding sometimes one two or three Grains of Laudanum Opiatum or if the Person be very weak a Scruple of the Essence of Ambergrise or in a case of Extremity four or five Grains of Allum Venice Treacle mixt with Vinegar or form'd into a Bolus with Spirit of Vitriol is much approv'd In malignant Feavers Salt of Wormwood with Juice of Limons when the Stomach is stuff'd with thick Humors Spirit of Salt or of Nitre with Treacle and when the Stomach is inflam'd or corroded the Muciâ—age of Fleawort and Quince-seeds with solutive Syrup of Roses are very convenient Externally Let Aromatic and Corroborating Ingredients be boyl'd in Vinegar and the warm Decoction applied with a Spunge to the Stomach or let toasted bread soak'd in Vinegar and cover'd with Aromatic Pouders be applied to the Region of the Stomach Spirit of Wine Camphoris'd is very effectual in Fomentations A Bag may be quilted with Mint Nutmegs Cloves Mace and Cinnamom sprinkl'd with Triacl'd Spirit of Wine and Distill'd Oyl of Mint and applied Some commend the application of a bag of Saffron Liniments are compos'd of Venice Treacle Balsam of Peru or Oyls of Mastic Wormwood Quinces c. Or Take of Express'd Oyl of Nutmegs two Drams Distill'd Oyls of Mint Cloves and Mace of each half a Scruple Distill'd Oyl of Cinnamom five Drops make a Liniment and anoint the Stomach and Breast Plaisters may be made of Tacamahac and Gum Caran with Aromatic Oyls after the Example of Crato's Cataplasms are likewise proper as Take of the sharpest Yest four Ounces Pouder of Mint an Ounce of Zedoary six Drams Nutmegs three in number Mace Cloves and Cinnamom of each two Drams Aniseeds Cuminseeds and Fennelseeds of each three Drams With a little vinegar of Roses make a Cataplasm to be applied to the Stomach When the Irritating Cause is transfer'd from other parts to the Stomach Purging Bleeding and such like Diversions are very proper As Women with Child are sometimes cur'd of vomiting by Blood-letting When we are oblig'd to stop an Artificial vomiting 't is convenient to exhibit Milk boyled with Bread or Bread soak'd in Generous Wine Inject Clysters of Milk with Treacle administer Opiats and apply outwardly as above If the Assumption of an harsh Purge dispose one to vomit there 's nothing better than to chew fresh Citron Peel or smell to toasted Bread dipp'd in vinegar and cover it with Pouder of Cloves CHAP. II. Of a Vomiting of Blood THis Symptom may be caus'd by the suppression of the Piles or Terms in Maids or Women with Child Opening of a Vein or Artery as that of the Vas breve thro the Obstruction of the Spleen which emptys its Blood into the Stomac or any of the Pancreatic Veins occasion'd by the sharpness of its Juice which Veins deposit their Blood into the Duodenum and then it is voided both upwards and downwards Sometimes the healing up of a sordid Ulcer may occasion it by reason partly that the Blood was formerly evacuated in the form of corrupt Matter and partly that the Ferment of the Ulcer may have corroded the Vessels in the Lungs It succeeds frequently to Amputations the Blood being then crouded into Fewer Channels The Signs are these Arterious Blood is fluid and reddish If the vomited matter be of an obscure colour and clotted resembling the Liver it comes from the Veins If it incline to a black colour be voided with a biting pain and tended by an austere taste 't is not Blood but an acid corrupt humor or Atra Bilis If it proceed from the rupture of the Vas breve 't is usher'd in by a beating pain in the left side of the
Back under the short Ribs The Vomiting of Atra Bilis is fatal as likewise a Voiding of Blood any way in the Small Pox Measles or other Eruptions If the Piles succeed to Vomiting 't is a good sign as also if it come by Intervals in Splenetic and Chronical Diseases If it be Critical all is well The Cure consists in removing the Causes diverting the Blood from the Stomac fortifying the broken Vessel attenuating and throwing off what is already extravasated Blood-letting in the Arm or Leg or opening the Hemorrhoid Vessels must be premised in Cases of Ploethora's or Suppressions of Blood As for Astringents the Syrup of the Juice of Comfrey Roots and Plantane Leaves not clarify'd mix'd with Sugar is recommended by the Honourable Mr. Boyle and mightily esteem'd in England Water of Nettles mix'd with Spirit of Vitriol is extoll'd by Hartman and several other Authors Or Take of the Conserve of Roses two Ounces Prepared Bloodstone a Dram and an half Adstringent Crocus of Steel that is Vitriol of Steel dissolv'd in Water and precipitated with Oyl of Tartar per deliquium a Dram white Henbane-seeds two Scruples with Syrup of Purslain make an Electuary Take a convenient quantity of the Earth of Vitriol of Steel well calcin'd and dulcify'd dissolve it in Spirit of Salt draw off the Spirit in a Fire of Sand till the residue come to the consistence of Honey Upon which digest Rectify'd Spirit of Wine for some time and strain the Tincture for use Take of Plantane and Tormentil-water of each an Ounce innamom-water and Vinegar of each six Drams Prepared Red Coral half a Dram Troches of Amber a Dram seal'd Earch half a Dram Mummy six Grains Laudanum Opiatum one Grain Syrup of Comfrey one Ounce Make a Potion If the Breast be perplex'd the Pulse weak Respiration difficult the Stomac blown up the Face Pale and liable to sudden Flushings and the Person apt to swoon 't is a sign that the Blood is congeal'd in the Stomac In which case Crabs Eyes Coral and Diaphoretic Antimony and especially Sperma Coeti are proper After the stagnating Blood is attenuated the remaining Clots may be carried off by Rhubarb or a Gentle Vomit If the obstruction of the Spleen occasion the recoyling of the Blood in the Vas Breve upon the Stomac Chalybeat and opening Remedies are most convenient Externally apply Treacle with Saffron and Vinegar of Rasberries to the Stomac SECT VII Of Pains of the Stomac SOmetimes the Breast or the whole Cavity reaching from the Mouth of the Stomac to the Midriff Liver Spleen and Sweet-bread is siez'd with a Prodigious Uneasiness and Confus'd Pain causing the afflicted Person to toss up and down the Bed This we call Anxiety If this Pain be particularly fix'd to the Pit of the Breast attended by a seeming Compression with a sense of Biting and Gnawing 't is call'd Cardialgia or Pain in the Stomac The former is wandring arising from the least irritation and is fitly resembled by the Anxiety following the Assumption of a Vomit The latter is fix'd arising from a Convulsive Contraction and is of the same Nature as the Pain we are afflicted with when we swallow any thing too hard or overbulky All Anxieties excepting such as arise from Suffocation or the disturbance of respiration are owing to the Constriction or uneasiness of the upper and more sensible Orifice of the Stomac as appears by their following the assumption of a Vomit attending Hysteric Constitutions and being abated by Belching their Accompanying Agues and Disappearing after Vomiting and their being caus'd by Eating of heavy Suppers The blame is usually cast upon the Heart but very unjustly for the Heart is an indolent muscle and if it be irritated is siez'd with Convulsions or what we call a Palpitation which does not Accompany Anxieties of the Breast The Remote causes are sharp Poysonous things taken into the Stomac Corrupt Food Wind Vicious Humors or Foreign ferments Translated thither Inflammations and such like disorders of its Membrans Convulsions of the Nerves or Adjacent Parts and in a Word whatever provokes the Mouth of the Stomac to Contract it self Anxieties are usually Companions to other Diseases whose peculiar cure must be taken care of In General Aromatic Discussing Ingredients together with Vitriol and Nitrous Medicines are very proper The Pain of the stomac was by the Ancients call'd Cardialgia by reason of the frequent Swoonings Prostration of strength and Cold sweats that attend it tho in the mean while the Heart is not at all afflicted The left Orifice of the Stomac is its seat as being the most sensible tender Part of the whole Body richly stor'd with Nerves that maintains a near Corrâ—spondence with all the Nervous systeme This Pain is caus'd by the Preternatural fermentation of the Bile and other vicious Juices 't is attended by Inflammations sometimes 't is seated in the back of the stomac and sometimes glides along the Gullet to the very shoulders or resembles the Compression or Squeezing of the Throat The remote causes are whatever offends the left Orifice of the stomac or provokes it to Contraction Nephritic Pains Contorsions of the Backbone Depression of the Cartilago Ensiformis Stones in the Gall Bladder or Duodenum Tumors in the Mesentery and Sweetbread Hysteric Passions and Suppression of the terms may occasion it by consent The Boyling of the Juices in the first Passages In Intermitting feavers frequently produces this symptom which is remov'd by Clysters Wind in an empty stomac an Acid viscid matter gnawing and piercing the upper Orifice which generally quickens about an hour or two after Eating Green or Rusty Bile Tinctur'd with a Corrosive acid from the Sweetbread Corruption or Acidity of the Victuals Tumors Stones or Ulcers in the stomac assumption of sublimat Mercury Arsenic Coagulation of Milk or new Cheese in the stomac occasion'd by its mixture with an Acid Worms in the stomac swallowing of Leeches cur'd by salt Water pieces of Glass Pins c. Are frequently the Authors of the same disorder Sometimes it is Periodical according to the successive return of its causes The Symptoms of Anxiety and Pain of the Stomac are an Inexpressible sort of uneasiness about the Pit of the Breast unquietness tossing difficult Respiration and Swooning usher'd in by Giddiness and follow'd by cold Sweats and a pale Chilness in the Outward Parts If the Pain seize the bottom of the Stomac it ought to be carefully distinguish'd from the Cholic by observing if it creeps upwards or descends to the Loyns and Kidnies If it accompanies other Diseases or comes by it self the former are signs of a Pain in the Stomac the latter of the Cholic If Anxiety and Pain of the Stomac proceed from Worms or Wind it is not very dangerous tho the Symptoms may seem dismal To children it prognosticates Epilepsies and to Adult Persons Chronical Diseases If it arise from curdled Milk or a green rusty sharp viscous humour 't is dangerous If it owe its being
to a Viscous Pituitous Matter 't is not so violent If follow'd by Convulsions 't is much suspected as also if it accompany Acute Feavers The cure is perform'd by removing the offending cause and abating the Pain If it depend upon another Disease it yeilds to its cure If it be Essential or accompany Feavers there 's nothing equals Antimonial Vomits which prevent an Infinity of dismal circumstances After Vomiting Purges are proper But by reason of their offensiveness to the Stomae let 'em be mix'd with Opiats a useful contrivance fot such as are liable to Gripings or over-purgations or stuff'd with sharp Scorbutic Hypocondriac Humors Take of Tartar vitriolated fifteen Grains Scammony sulphurated two or three Grains Laudanum Opiatum one or two Grains Extract of Troches Alhandal one Grain Distilled Oyl of Caraways two Drops Make a Pouder Take of Quercetanus's Pills of Ammoniac twelve Grains Magistery of Jalap five Grains Scammony sulphurated and Laudanum Opiatum of each a Grain with Essence of Castor make Pills Four or five Grains of Fulminatory Gold may be added Take of Aloes half an Ounce Myrrh two Drams Mastic a Dram Oriental Saffron half a Dram Rectify'd Flowers of Antimony a Dram with solutive Syrup of Roses make a Mass Dose from fifteen to twenty four Grains This is the composition of Poterius his Catholic Pills If it be caus'd by Wind or the Steams of the Choler and Pancreatic Juice fermenting in the Duodenum let Carminative Clysters be injected As Take of Leaves of Mint Wild Marjoram and Penny Royal of each a handful Chamomil Flowers half a handful Angelica Roots half an Ounce Bayberries three Drams Seeds of Anis Carrets and Fennel of each a Dram. Boyl them in Water and Man's Urine To Eight or Nine Ounces of the strain'd Liquor add of Lenitive Electuary and Electuary of Bayberries four or six Drams Distill'd Oyls of Anniseeds and Fennelseeds of each half a Scruple Yelks of Eggs in number one Make a Clyster to be injected warm 'T is proper to add Salt of Tartar by reason that at once it whets the Clyster and attenuats the viscid humors Blood-letting is inconvenient excepting the case of a Plaethora or some notable suppression of Blood The second Indication is satisfied by Opiats as thus Take of Chamomil water three Ounces Cinnamom-water one Ounce Elixir of Mint or of Citrons or of Oranges six Drams Distill'd Oyl of Chamomil six Drops Laudanum Opiatum from three to six Grains Syrup of Hysop six Drams Syrup of Canel an Ounce Mix them Dose two or three spoonfuls 'T is a Catholic Mixture for all Pains of the Stomac The Spirits of Salarmoniac Anniseeds Hartshorn Tincture of Tartar Carminative Spirit de tribus or if the Pain be attended by a burning heat dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre may be conveniently added The Remaining Specifics are vary'd according to the Causes If Wind be deem'd for the Cause Chamomil is a noted Specific by reason of its Anodyn and Aromatic Vertues It s Water its Essence extracted with a Carminative Spirit of Wine its Decoction its Oyl drunk with Wine or applied outwardly with Oyl of Nutmegs are all of excellent vse Next are the Decoctions of Sassafras Hyssop Dill Rosemary and Mullein Flowers The Tincture and Distill'd Oyl of Orange or Citron Peel Spirit and Distill'd Oyl of Anniseeds Spirit of Salarmoniac Elixir of Mint c. If it be attended by a Notable Heat to these Aromatic Ingredients we may add Acids as the Juices and Syrups of Quinces Citrons and Pomegranats Spirit of Nitre dulcify'd with a triple quantity of the Spirit of Anniseeds If the Anxiety or Pain proceed from Acid sharp Humors or green rusty Choler Absorbent Pouders are proper as Take of Prepar'd Red Coral Cinnabar of Antimony Chalybeat Diaphoretic Antimony of each Eight Grains Laudanum Opiatum a Grain Distill'd Oyl of Cloves one Drop Make a Pouder to be exhibited in Chamomil-water mix'd with Essence of Castor If it arise from a Viscous Mucilage Cream of Tartar and Gum Ammoniac are proper Ingredients If it be caus'd by Sublimat Mercury let Milk mix'd with Oyl of Sweet Almonds or Oyl of Tartar per deliquium be exhibited Let Prepar'd Chrystal Venice Treacle and Fresh Butter be dissolv'd in Barley-water and given to drink and the Stomac fomented with the Decoction of Henbane Leaves in Red Wine Some recommend seal'd Earth with Syrup of Comfrey for internal use Pins Pieces of Glass and such like sharp things swallow'd and pricking the Stomac are remov'd by drinking Oyl of Sweet Almonds and Broth or eating a thick Pultise of Rice and Milletseeds If the Pain be occasion'd by Worms give Elixir Proprietatis without the Acid and Spirit of Sal Armoniac or Tartaris'd Essence of Wormwood As for Old Persons who are frequently troubled with a Pain of the Stomac attended by a notable Weakness and Propensity to swoon the following Pills are of wonderful Efficacy Viz. Take of Ambergrise two or three Grains Mosch and Oriental Saffron of each a Grain or two Opium four Grains Make Pills As touching External Applications Ointments are compos'd after this manner Viz. Take of the Distill'd Oyl of Chamomil a Dram Oyls of Mace and of Cloves of each fifteen Drops Balsam of Peru half a Dram. With Expressed Oyl of Nutmegs make a Liniment and anoint the Breast and Stomac applying afterwards a hot Brick Plaisters are very useful especially such as are made of Tacamahac or Gum Caran with Venice Treacle or Balsam of Peru and Distill'd Oyl of Amber The Stomac may be likewise fomented with the Decoction of Wormwood Mint Hyssop Marjoram Chamomil Flowers Fennel seeds and Juniper Berries in Wine or Vinegar and Water or a Bag quilted with the same Ingredients and Spices and sprinkled with the Oyls of Amber and Mint may be applied hot to the Stomac Anodyn Cataplasms are also very useful especially in Scorbutic Cases as Take of the Leaves of Henbane and Mallows roasted under Ashes of each three Ounces Meal of Barly and Vetches reduc'd to a due consistence with the Decoction of Vetches of each two ounces the Mucilages of Tragacanth of Fleawortseeds and of Quinces of each two ounces Make a Cataplasm Womens Pains of the Stomac arising from the Faults of the Matrix are frequently cur'd by the application of Pomatum and Goats Tallow As those which proceed from Wind by applying a Bag of Bran tosted Milletseeds and common Salt The Disease which we call the Heat of the Stomac is near akin to those last describ'd 'T is seated in the Left Orifice of the Stomac and is only a sense of Heat and Sulphureous Fumes passing thro the Gullet caus'd by the Fermentation of an Acid with a Fat Oyly Alkali in the Stomac The Remote Causes are over-acid or over-fat Victuals Choler abounding in the Stomac or forc'd thither by Anger or such like occasions or an Hypocondriac Acidity prevailing in the Stomac The Burning or Heat is frequently accompany'd by bitter and musty Belchings and if it come without
a manifest Cause portends a Chronical Distemper The Specifics that compass its Cure are Absorbent Pouders such as Chalk and Cream of Tartar the Pouder of Burnt Bricks Bole Armenic c. Nutmegs are possess'd of a temperat Oyl fit for moderating the Acrimony of the Humours The Conserve of the Fruit of the common Briar Syrup and Conserve of Oak-Buds Juice of House-leek and Nitre dissolv'd in Elder-flower-water are much approv'd Take of Prepared Chalk two Drams Nutmegs burnt Ivory of each a Dram Mineral Unicorn Red Coral and Crabs Eyes of each two Scruples With four or six Ounces of Sugar dissolv'd in Purslain-water make Tablets Take of the Conserve of Oak-Buds an Ounce Prepared Chalk two Drams Nutmegs one Dram. Make an Electuary If the Evacuations be needful Tamarinds are most proper When a stronger Purgation is desir'd Rhubarb Pills of Ammoniac and Elixir Proprietatis are likewise convenient In an Inveterat case we have recourse to Vomits SECT VIII Of Disorders hindring the due Separation of the Chyle from the Excrements in the Guts THE Victuals having made a sufficient stay in the Stomac repair to the Guts under the form of Chyle which wants to be further prepar'd by being rid of its Curd or gross Excrements before it enter the Vasa Lactea This separation of the good and bad is perform'd by the Gall and Pancreatic Juice The former is an Oyly sulphureous Body which tinctures the Chyle and predisposes it for being converted into Blood It defends it from Corruption destroys any remains of Acidity and ferments with the Pancreatic Juice which is a temperat Acid. Thus they joyntly attack the Chyle attinuat its parts and precipitat the Coarser in order to expulsion while the more refin'd are receiv'd by the Milky Vessels and convey'd to the Blood If this fermentation and separation be irregularly perform'd the Body is expos'd to an infinity of Diseases In a word all Chronical Distempers are owing to the lameness of this performance and that of the first Digestion From these two Juices viz. the Gall and Pancreatic Juice together with the Pituita compos'd of the Saliva and remains of the Chyle in the Stomac Sylvius fetch'd the Causes of a great many Diseases not only Agues but all Chronical Distempers and Symptoms of the lower Belly For the least disorder in that Triumvirat obstructs the due purification and conveyance of the Chyle which cannot but produce many Inconveniencies in the Body Now each of these Juices is accountable for its own faults If the Gall be too copious it renders the Chyle too Oyly and ought to be purg'd out If too sharp or saline it ought to be temper'd by dulcify'd Acids If too fat or oyly it ought to be sharpen'd with volatil Aromatic Salts If it be lazy or do not flow into the Duodenum it ought to be stir'd up and a passage open'd to it by spirituous volatil Medicines As for the Juice of the Sweet-bread if it be too rank it ought to be carry'd off If too acid or austere its austerity causes Constipation of the Belly Gripings and Suffocations of the Womb it ought to be temper'd by Alcali's both fix'd and volatil as fix'd Salts Earths Chalybeat and Antimonial Medicines Castor Galangal Ginger distill'd aromatic Oyls and Spirits c. If it be too flat or deficient it ought to be retriev'd by dulcify'd mineral acid Spirits Juice of Quinces c. If the Chyle it self be deprav'd in the first Digestion it s softer coarse parts that stick to the Guts viz. the mucus that defends them from the sharpness of these two Juices is likewise disorder'd and ought to be put to rights If it be too copious purge it off with Coloquintida If too viscid attenuat it with volatil Salts if deficient repair it with viscous Food But for so much at 't is a difficult Task to trace the peculiar faults of every Juice apart we shall touch at such Medicines as are equally calculated for redressing all their Disorders Those are the temperat salin Ingredients as Arcanum Duplicatum the Carminative Spirit Spirit of Nitre dulcify'd with a triple quantity of the Spirit of Aniseeds together with Opiats As for Example Take of Carduus Benedictus Endive and Mint Waters of each an Ounce Sal Armoniac six drams dulcify'd Spirit of Mint a scruple prepar'd Crabs Eyes a dram Diaphoretic Antimony a scruple Laudanum Opiatum three grains Syrup of Orange-peel half an ounce Mix and give a spoonful now and then SECT IX Of Disorders relating to the Expulsion of the Excrements by Stool THE Chyle having drop'd its Excrements in the Guts pursues its Journey to the Blood These Excrements ought to be voided in due time The hindrances of their regular Evacuation are such as either impair enlarge or deprave it CHAP. I. Of the Diseases which impair the Evacuation by Stool ARTIC I. Of Costiveness THE Causes of Costiveness respect either the Excrements or the Guts Of the former sort are the paucity of Excrements for want of Victuals Their hardness and dryness occasion'd by neglect of drinking excessive sleep and rest swallowing Cherry-stones or Gooseberryskins eating Chesnuts Eggs boyl'd hard Crust of Bread and Medlars Their viscidity and glutinosity caus'd by viscous Victuals or an acid austere Constitution of Body and want of Exercise Their Condensation and Coagulation caus'd by the austere acidity of the Pancreatic Juice and defect of the oyly bilious Alcali all which makes 'em unfit for observing the Peristaltic Motion of the Guts and dispose 'em to stagnat The Causes relating to the Guts are Obstructions or fleshy Excrescences in the Guts their Compression as in Women with Child their Inflammation or Gangrene their growing together after the Corrosion of a Dysentery the Paralytic Relaxation of their Fibres which in Apoplexies eludes Clysters Their Convulsive Contractions occasion'd by Colic or Nephritic Pains which are frequently augmented by strong irritating Purgatives but remov'd by smooth Laxatives Now all these Causes hinder the Guts to perform their wonted Office of forwarding the Excrements by their Peristaltic Motion Sometimes a Costiveness is follow'd by a loathing vomiting gnawing shooting Pains in the Belly uneasiness watchings giddiness and Head-ach If it be inveterat it may occasion a bleeding at Nose If the Excrements be lodg'd in the Colon they creat an uneasiness resembling the splenetic Illness which frequently imposes upon Physitians The disorders of the Head and Hypocondriac Symptoms are inlarg'd by Costiveness which to young Persons threaten an Epilepsie If attended by an Iliac Passion Colic Pains or a Palsie of the Guts 't is very dangerous To Childbearing Women it renders Delivery difficult The Cure consists in softening watering and attenuating the Excrements or in removing the Causes which straiten the Capacity of the Guts reviving their Sense and appeasing their Irritations For the former purposes Oyl of sweet Almonds with solutive Syrup of Roses Salt of the tendrels of Vines mix'd with Spirit of Salt soft potch'd Eggs with Butter drinking
Gangrene of the Guts causes a retraction of the Yard and Testicles and it always ends in Death If the Disease proceed from a Rupture let sharp Antimonial Clysters be injected and the Intestines reinstated in their proper Places If it proceed from an Ulcer emollient laxative things are only to be us'd As for outward Applications 't is usual to anoint the Belly with Distill'd Oyl of Chamomil mix'd with the fat of Geese or Ducks for softening the Excrements or mix'd with Oyntment of Soubread and Oyl of Coloquyntida for provoking to Stool Cow dung applied to the Belly is sometimes very effectual for mitigating the Pains Some recommend the hot Caul of a gelded Lamb others the Blood of Bats or the castcoals of Serpents boyl'd with Oyl of Roses for External Application Cataplasms of sheeps dung boyl'd with milk or rotten Apples with Saffron or Baths of the Decoction of Chamomil and Melilot-flowers and Juniperberries are proper for the same purpose CHAP. II. Of the Diseases which Inlarge the Quantity of Excrements voided by Stool ART I. Of a Looseness WHen the Excrements are more frequently or copiously vomited than they ought to be we call it a Diarrhaea or Looseness which varies according to the Color and consistence of the Excrements it discharges If it be a critical Looseness caus'd by the Translation of Morbific Matter or suppression of some wonted Evacuation change of Season or Diet c. 't is of no great importance That which we have now before us is a preternatural Looseness which is sometimes malignant and contagious attended by cold Sweats great Anxiety and propagating it self by the Breath Sometimes more Benign Sometimes it comes alone at other times 't is the Symptom of some other Disease of which nature are the Loosenesses which attend the Beginning or Increase of Malignant Fevers or those peculiar to Phthisical consumptive Persons which we style Melting by reason that they drain the nourishing Juice Sometimes we meet with Periodical Loosenesses especially among Cacochymical Persons which return every Quarter of a Year Month c. The Radical Subject of a Looseness is the Mass of Blood which deposits it Recrements either in the Form of Serum thro the Glands of the Guts or in that of Gall or Pancreatic Juice not that it is actually stuff'd with so much Filth as is evacuated but it degenerates and corrupts as the Looseness advances If the Bilious Particles prevail and give the Excrements an high Tincture 't is call'd a Bilious Diarrhaea If the Pancreatic Juice or Serum 't is entitled Serous If Gross Viscid Indigested Humors be voided without any notable Tincture 't is a Pituitous Looseness The Cause of Loosenesses is a sharp Volatil Humor sometimes Acid sometimes Alcalin that either irritates the Guts or ferments with the Natural Acid of the Blood melting down its Mass into Serum much after the manner of Artificial Purgatives This Humor is an Enemy to the Acid of the Stomac and always depresses its Appetit Nay oft-times a deprav'd Acid in the Stomac is the occasional cause of a Looseness Hence whatever weakens the Ferment of the Stomac promotes the other and what cures the other fortifies the Stomac Sometimes the Internal Corruption of the Humors independent of the Stomac occasions it which frequently molests such as are of a thick Texture and unfit for a free Transpiration by reason that the Serum not finding an easy Passage on the Surface of the Body retires to the Intestines to procure a vent Melting Consumptive and Habitual Loosenesses proceed from the Deficiency of the Acid in the Stomac and Acrimony of the Bile imparted to the Chyle All Corruptible things or such as are apt to ferment do of course dispose the Humors to a Looseness The Signs are a Loathing and Dejection of Appetit immoderat Thirst Weakness Suppression of Sweat and Urine a Noise and some sort of Griping in the Guts immediatly before going to stool If it come to a great height 't is attended by Anxieties of the Breast Swoonings and Cold Sweats especially upon the Forehead If a Looseness accompany Spotted Feavers or invade the Person in the Beginning of an Acute Feaver 't is very dangerous by reason that it weakens the Patient disturbs the Concoction and Separation of the Febril Matter and is the Effect of the Feaverish Colliquation and upon that account ought always to be stopp'd or at least curb'd If a Looseness be follow'd by Vomiting 't is a good sign In a word 't is accounted dangerous or favourable according as the Stomac is in good or bad case If the Excrements be much degenerat from their natural condition as very gross white green or Saffron colour'd If frothy gluy pale slippery and scantly Especially if they be black rusty fat livid or foetid they portend danger If the Patient begin to void large quantities of Urin and sweat plentifully we look upon the Looseness as Declining If a melting Looseness follow Acute Feavers Consumptions Phthisics Hectics c. 't is very dangerous A Critical Looseness ought not to be stopp'd unless it exceed Bounds Symptomatical and Epidemical Loosnesses are those which require the greatest attention The Indications of Cure with relation to them are these following 1. The sharp Ferment ought to be curb'd by moderat and thickening Medicines 2. The Blood ought to be purify'd by Sudorifics 3. The Irritating Cause temper'd by Absorbents 3. The Fury of the Spirits and Sense of Irritation abated by Opiats 5. The Corrupt Humors gently evacuated 6. The Stomac ought to be restor'd to its due strength and vigour In order to obtain these Ends let 's take notice of the following Remarks 1. 'T is impossible to cure a Looseness without having regard to the Stomac Therefore let Wine and the Preparations of Wormwoad Mint Quinces Cinnamom c. and the External Fomentations and Inunctions recommended above be us'd in this Case Let all Cold Drinks be prohibited and as little of any Liquor allow'd as possibly can be done 2. All Purgatives are improper against Symptomatical and malignant Loosenesses They ought rather to be appeas'd than provok'd 3. In all Malignant Contagious Epidemical Loosenesses Alexioharmacal Ingredients such as Spirit of Venice Treacle Bezoardic Tincture with Opium seal'd Earth fix'd Antimonial Preparations c. are much the best If the Looseness proceed only from an Irritation of the Guts they are not so needful 4. 'T is not proper to purge in the beginning of any Looseness whatsoever The best way is either to suffer it to go on a little if it do not exceed measure or first to check the Boyling Humors and then if need be to wash off the Dregs with Rhubarb and Tamarinds or Gentle Clysters 5. If a Loathing Giddiness Anxiety of the Breast and Disorders of the Stomac accompany a Looseness in the beginning let a Vomit be exhibited 6. Astringents as such are not properly any part of the Cure of a Looseness After the Cure of a tedious Looseness is finish'd they
with Nerves and upon this Account we frequently observe that these Convulsive Asthma's are attended by disorderly Smptoms in the lower Belly Besides if we consider the Variety and Multitude of the Muscles imploy'd in Respiration and the various Motions and Contrary Offices they are obliged to perform we shall not be at a loss to Imagin what a sensible Influence any sort of Convulsions may have upon Breathing This Convulsive sort of Asthma's may likewise be caus'd by the Dryness and Flaccidity of the Lungs following the Depravation of their Nutritious Juice smoaking of Tobacco Mineral steams frequently irritating the Fibres of the Lungs c. The like may insue upon the striking in of a Scab or the unseasonable healing of an Ulcer the Blood being thereby render'd sharp and irritating and its Texture prone to irregular fermentations An Asthma is of its self manifest But the Symptoms ought to be heedfully regarded in order to distinguish the various Causes Those which proceed from a Vicious form of the Breast or from serum or slime covering the Lungs or from the Depravation of their own Nutritive Juice are continual Whereas the other sorts are Periodical All Asthma's agree in this Symptom that they are Exasperated at Night and when the Patient moves the Body or Changes the Air. Moist Asthma's are attended by a Cough snoring and comfortable Expectoration of matter in and after the Paroxysm If the snoring make a deep hollow sound the matter lodges in the Bronchia If it lodge within the substance of the Lungs the sound is flatter and the matter is not so Copiously brought up Dry Asthma's come suddenly and disappear in like manner without any visible cause or discovery of Noxious matter They are not attended by Snoring Coughing or Spitting unless it be towards the end of the Fit and even then very sparingly For the matter thus expectorated is not the cause of the Disease as in the moist kind but only squeez'd out by the Perplexity of the Muscles and Agitation of the Lungs Neither are they so greedy of Inspiration as of Exspiration which is contrary to the method of moist Asthma's If the cause of the Convulsive kind come Originally from the Head the fit is usher'd in by Head-aches and Swimming of the Head If from the Belly by a murmuring Noise in the Guts If the Midriff be chiefly affected Pain Girds that Part where 't is joyn'd to the short Ribs If the Muscles of the Breast the whole Breast seems to be squeez'd If those of the Throat and Wind Pipe they are as it were strangled If the Lungs themselves They can give no other account but that they cannot Breathe An Asthma in malignant Cases or Acute Feavers is a fatal Symptom The Convulsive sort is more common than the moist and of the moist ones that from the Stomac is more frequently met with If an Asthma be Inveterat it seldom admits of a Radical Cure and is oft-times follow'd by Cachexies Swellings of the Feet Dropsies and then Death it self If an Asthma be only a Symptom of other Diseases it yields to their Cure If it be of the moist kind the viscous matter ought to be attenuated and carried off and the Stomac or Lungs fortify'd The Convulsive kind is cur'd by appeasing the Spirits strengthening the Nerves and Diverting their Cause by Blistering Plaisters and Issues In order to obtain these ends the following Cautions will assist us 1. In the moist Asthma's there 's no Medicine equals a Vomit It equally clears both the Stomac and Lungs and may be given in the very height of the Fit without the least fear of stiffling In a dry Asthma proceeding from the lower Belly it may be exhited after the Paroxysm Antimonial Preparations or the Water or Syrup of Tobacco or the Juice of the flower de luce are proper on this occasion Some exhibit the Infusion of white Hellebor in Rhenish Wine Some mix Emetic Ingredients with attenuating Medicines but in so small Doses that they only Expectorat others premise attenuating Medicines by themselves and then exhibit a Vomit 2. Cause a Vein to be speedily open'd in any Asthma whatsoever and exhibit convenient Medicines for dissolving Congeal'd Blood Correcting its Cachexy and curbing its Turgescence 3. During the Fit let all manner of Purgatives be avoided After the Fit is over they are useful but ought always to be mix'd with Gum Ammoniac As Take of the Pills of Ammoniac fifteen Grains Sweet Mercury a scruple Extract of Troches Alhandal two Grains Distill'd Oyl of Anis two drops Make Pills Some use Quercetanus's Oxymel of Tobacco Others the Decoctions of Aromatic Herbs and Senna which evacuat Gradually 4. If the Disease proceed from serum it ought to be carried off by Sweat Urine Blistering Plaisters and Issues Sudorifics especially of the Decoction of Guajacum and Sassafras are always useful in dry Convulsive Asthma's They expectorat also and attenuat and therefore are not improper for the moist sort If the Stomac be faulty the Acid Crudity must be Corrected and Expell'd 5. Narcotics are of Sovereign use both in and before the Paroxysm of a dry Asthma In the moist kind If the Symptoms are very fierce they are not improper 6. If it proceed from a Particular cause it requires a Particular Cure As if it be caus'd by the retreat of a Scab or Itch let volatil sudorifics such as the Decoctions of Furmitory Elecampane Fennel Extract of Venice Treacle and the fixed Salts be used for recalling the Itch and if nothing prove effectual put the Patient to Bed with those that are Scabby If it proceed from Metallin Fumes as Mercury let Solar-Bezoar and Diaphoretic Antimony be exhibited If from sudden Cold or Drinking of Cold Water exhibit the Juice of Dasies in Wine The specifics commonly us'd for moist Asthma's or such as flow from a viscid matter whether in the Lungs or Stomac are the Roots of Cuckowpint Hyssop Horehound Rosemary and its Flowers Saffron Speedwell Zedoary especially its Spirit the Juice of Briony Elecampane Roots The Syrup or Volatil Salt of Tobacco for old Persons Essence of Saffron Essence of Sassafras the Juice of Radishes Oxymel of Squills mix'd with Cinnamon Water Gum Ammoniac above all dissolv'd in Vinegar Compound Spirit of Verdigrise mix'd with the thicken'd Juice of Coltsfoot Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre Elixyr Proprietatis Sulphur or its Spirit per Campanam The Water of Turneps Sperma Caeti Turpentin dissolv'd with the yelk of an Egg in a Convenient Vehicle Balsam of Sulphur Prepar'd with Oyl of Anis Juice of Woodlice with Wine an incomparable Medicine and the Carminative Spirit if the Stomac be disorder'd A Mercurial Salivation or washes for the feet in some Cases are very effectual Take of the Roots of Cuckow-Pint four Scruples Roots of Florentin Orris and Cinnabar of Antimony of each two Scruples Flowers of Sulphur and Benzoin in Powder of each a Scruple Make a Powder Note the Faecula's of Cuckowpint Briony c. are good for nothing
Take of the Leaves of Hyssop and white Horehound of each two handfuls Elecampane Roots two Ounces Fennel seeds half an Ounce Anis seed two drams Terra foliata Tartari three drams Common Water three Pound Scum'd Hony half a Pound Boyl them in a close Vessel Scum the Liquor and add three drams of Cinnamon and a dram of Oriental Saffron Strain it for use Let the Patient take a draught twice or thrice a day Take of Hyssop and Speedwell Water of each an ounce and a half Cinnamon Water an ounce Essence of Zedoary half an ounce Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar and a dram and a half Oxymel of Sqills an ounce Mix for two or three Doses Take of Hyssop Poppy flower and Asthmatical Waters an ounce and a half Asthmatical Spirit Prepar'd fâ—om Gum Ammoniac Verdigris and Brimstone an ounce and a half Oxymel of Squills or Syrup of Tobacco an ounce Take of the Tincture of Tartar half an ounce Spirit of Sal-armoniac two drams Mix and take thirty or forty drops in a warm Vehicle Take of the Roots of Fennel of Asarabacca and of Florentin Orris of each three drams Liquorice two drams Boyl them in Water till the third part be consum'd To eight ounces of the strain'd Liquor add Gum Ammoniac a dram Oxymel of Squills an ounce Syrup of Horehound an ounce or two Mix. This is Brunnerus his Potion Note Sugar and Sweet things ought to be Cautiously us'd in this Disease They are offensive to the Stomac and Lungs and favour a Phthisic Take of Rape flower Water four ounces strong Cinnamon Water half an ounce Syrup of Tobacco an ounce Spirit of Sulphur as much as sufficeth for a Grateful Acidity Mix c. A dram of Gum Ammoniac may be added Take of Cinnamon Water two ounces Sperma Caeti two drams Oxymel of Squills an ounce Mix c. Take of the Wine and Infusion of Woodlice eight ounces Extract of Elecampane Roots two drams Extract of Saffron half a dram Syrup of Hyssop and Syrup of white Horehound of each two drams Mix and take a draught twice a day As for the Convulsive dry Asthma's they are cur'd by premising a Vomit excepting the case of Hysterical Symptoms exhibiting Antiepileptic Medicines such as the Volatil Salt of Amber the Spirits of Tartar Amber Harts-horn Sulphur and Sal-armoniac especially the Essence of Castor whose Oyly salt conquers the Acid most effectually the Spirit of Putrify'd Earthworms and the Distill'd Oyls of Amber Anis and Turpentin mix'd with Narcotics Externally we apply the Oyl of sweet Almonds with Saffron to the Breast and Blistering Plaisters to the Shoulder-Blades and Arms. ART II. Of a Hiccough THE Hickets are a Convulsive motion of the Diaphragm bending it downward distending the Belly and provoking it to accelerat and interrupt Inspiration The Ancients refer'd it to the Stomac but its influence over the Belly its necessary dependence upon Inspiration its ready Obedience to the Command of our Will its being cur'd by continu'd Inspiration Sneesing Mirth and Violent Passions argue that 't is Seated in the Middriff 'T is true the Irritating Cause is frequently lodg'd in the upper Orifice of the Stomac from whence it has a short influence upon the Middriff thro' which the Orifice Passes Thus sharp acid Cold Liquors and Victuals or an acid Viscous Phlegm in the Stomac such as Children are Obnoxious to are frequently the Authors of this Disease As also the Convulsive motions of any other Membran that Corresponds with the Middriff Violent Purgatives Disjoynting of the Ribs Inflammations of the Liver Ruptures and whatever injures the Guts or Adjacent Membrans If a Hiccough proceed from the assumption of sharp Liquors or External things 't is not so dangerous as when it follows the Inflammations of the Liver Costiveness Colics or Feavers especially towards their height The Cure consists in abating the Convulsive sense of the Middriff and removing the material cause The former end is compass'd by Narcotics mix'd with Specifics Now the Specifics are Cinnamon Mastic Galangal Ginger Aniseed Burnt Hartshorn or Ivory Spirit of Sal-armoniac and especially Castor Take of Venice Treacle half a dram Laudanum Opiatum two Grains Aniseed half a Scruple Distill'd Oyl of Mace two drops With the Juice of Quinces Make a Bolus If the Evil be Inveterat 't will be necessary to Vomit Or at least to Purge with Pills of Aloe and Sweet Mercury mix'd with Laudanum After their Operation is over exhibit the following Mixture Take of Wine Impregnated with Quinces and the Tincture of Roses of each an ounce Extract of Zedoary fifteen Grains Laudanum Opiatum two Grains Distill'd Oyl of Orange Peel four drops Syrup of Quinces half an ounce Mix c. If the Stomac be distended with Wind add the Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre If the Person be molested with Hysterical Symptoms add the Extract of Castor Externally we apply to the Stomac Cataplasms of yest Aromatic Powders and Oyl of Castor Or hot Bread soak'd in Spanish Wine or in Vinegar in which Pepper Castor and Mustard seeds are Boyl'd If a Hiccough proceed from Crudities in the Stomac besides the General method of Vomiting and Purging with Aloe 't will be requisit to exhibit Stomachical Mixtures of the Essence of Zedoary Spirit of Mastic Elixyr Proprietatis prepar'd with Spirit of Sal-armoniac Essence of Wormwood c. If it be occasion'd by sharp Corrosive rusty humors 't will be needful to joyn the above mention'd Specifics with Absorbent Powders such as Seal'd Earth Crabs Eyes Coral Solar Earth and especially the Inner skin of a Hen's Breast If it take its Root from Poyson or be Accompany'd by Malignity let Alexipharmacal Ingredients be added In Feavers Antimonial Nitre given to a dram is of Noted Efficacy If sudden Cold or Drinking of Cold Liquors immediatly after heat gave being to the Disease 't will be proper to Bathe in the Decoction of Nervous Plants ART III. Of the Night Mare THE Night-Mare is either Accidental or Habitual The former is occasion'd by the Distention of the Stomac with Wind or Crudities and prevails when Persons are asleep and lye upon their Backs For then the Stomac dilated presses the Middriff and Muscles of the Bread most and so incumbers the descent of the one and dilatation of the other which are necessary for Inspiration Thus the Blood stagnats in the Lungs and the Person is not able to speak or breathe freely but fancies himself press'd by some particular Object The Habitual is occasion'd by some Acid Lymph that disorders the Spirits and Creates a Paralytic or Convulsive Disposition of the Nerves of the Middriff and Muscles of the Breast which by consent Cramp those of the Wind Pipe whose Contraction raises a sense of strangling and abolishes the Power of an Articulat Voice Hypochondiac and Scorbutic Persons are most subject to this habitual sort which is frequently attended by red spots in the skin and seems to be near a-kin to an Epilepsy Sometimes 't is the effect of Worms
As for the first A preternatural frequency of the pulse from an internal cause is accounted by Silvius a peculiar and infallible Symptom of a Feaver tho' some malignant Feavers seem to make an exception to the Rule For the most part the pulse is also swifter Now these effects are plainly resolvable into the fermentation of the Blood or the irritation of the Heart and Spirits occasion'd by a foreign ferment As for the second A Chilness shivering and shaking differ only gradually The first is only a light Convulsion of the Skin and contraction of the pores resembling the sense of Cold tho in the mean while the Body feels hot to the External touch If the muscles are likewise affected it creates a shivering and sometimes a stiffness These effects proceed from a prevalent Acid which twitches the membranous parts and corrupts the mass of Blood In the beginning of intermitting or Continual Feavers these Convulsions chiefly affect the internal and noble parts But after the height of Malignant or Favourable Feavers they are seated for the most part in the external Membrans and portend Critical eruptions The third Symptom is the immoderat Heat of the Body I call it only a Symptom for 't is not Essential to a Fever as some would have it For some diseases are attended with a preternatural Heat that are not accompany'd by a Feaver and besides there are some Feavers that are not hot but on the contrary notably Cold. Tho' this advance may sound like a paradox 't is back'd by Hippocrates Avicenna Galen Bartholin and Helmont Nay I my self have met with an instance of an intermitting Feaver that had no hot fits at all which I cur'd after the common evacuations by a mixture of Spirit of Sal-armoniac and Spirit of Scurvy-grass exhibited in the intermitting days and a Powder of Tartar vitriolated or Salt of Wormwood with prepar'd Crabs Eyes taken some hours before the invasion of the Paroxysm To return to the preternatural heat which for the most part attends Feavers 't is sometimes moist when the fibres of the Skin are unbended and the steams of the humours copiously exhal'd Sometimes when these fibres are contracted 't is dry If the Acid Salts are not much exalted 't is meek and tolerable but if these sharper Salts abound in the Blood the heat gives a biting and fiery impression to the external Organs of touching This preternatural Heat springs immediatly from the boyling and struggling of the Salts in the mass of Blood The Occasional Cause is an Acid which sometimes infects chiefly the Spirits and then the heat is remisser than when it principally affects the Blood It destroys the establish'd proportion of the Salts and so gives rise to vicious fermentations To make good this assertion namely that an Acid is the principal author of excessive heat and consequently of Feavers themselves it will not be improper to mention the following Observations 1. All wounds and ulcers are offended by Acids by reason of the Inflammation and heat occasion'd by them And Alcali's perform the cure 2. Pleurisies Quinsies and all inflammations are still attended by acute hot Feavers Now they are the product of Acids and yield only to Alcalin Remedies 3. The same may be said of St. Antony's fire 4. Intermitting Feavers spring from an Acid Crudity prevailing in the stomach and are only cur'd by absorbent Alcali's 5. Catarrhous feavers proceed from the Acid sharpness of the Limpha and are cur'd by Volatil temperat Medicines 6. The Measles and Small-pox are attended with a remarkable heat and Feaver before the eruption Now the prevalency of an Acid in these cases is plainly evinc'd by the corrosion of the Skin suppuration of the Pimples and method of Cure 7. Arthritic pains are oft-times usher'd in by Feaverish Symptoms Now their Cause is an Acid and the cure consists in subduing it 8. The Feavers which follow the stopping of an itch or crusty scab in Children are the natural offspring of the Acids retain'd in the Body by means of that suppression 9. Hectic Feavers always attend purulent internal Ulcers which partake of acidity 10. Children are oft-times seiz'd with Feavers and gripings by virtue of the corrupt Acid of the Milk 11. The high Colour of the Urine in Feavers must needs proceed from a prevalent Acid for Alcali's give a contrary Tincture 12. Immoderat use of Wine produces the same Symptoms as a Feaver by means of its Acid Tartareous parts 13. Hypochondriac persons are obnoxious to Inflammations c. by reason of the prevailing Acidity in the first passages 14. The Heart-burning resembles the Symptoms of a Feaver and is caus'd by a gnawing Acid in the mouth of the stomac 15. That according to Tachenius the hot vegetable Remedies are proper against a predominant Acid and the cold vegetables against an Alcali The plain truth is this All hot vegetables have a fat rosinous Acid which if set at liberty is notably hot but if they be digested with fix'd Salts the fat Acid is retain'd by the fix'd Salt and then they yield a thin meagre Spirit of noted excellency in hot diseases as I have often experienc'd by the simple Spirit of Sal-armoniac 16. That the pain and heat remaining after burning proceeds from the keen Acid particles shot into the part and is remov'd by Alcali's Some derive the excessive heat attending Feavers from the Bile but several medicines near ally'd to the Choler expel the heat and besides its Patrons cannot determin whether it should proceed from its Acid or Alcali since 't is equally intitled to the possession of both The fourth Symptom is the Alteration of Urine When the Chyle or Blood is viciated Nature indeavours to discharge the Heterogeneous particles by this passage which accordingly impart to the Urine a high or flat tincture according to the degree of the peccant Acid which is equally the Cause of this and all other Symptoms attending Feavers The immediat subject of Feavers is the Blood and Spirits The alteration of Pulse and Urine clearly infers that the Blood is affected the Critical Sweats the Jaundice and sometimes the Acid tincture of the Blood ensuing Feavers are plain Demonstrations of the same truth The feaverish tendency of Aches the efficacy of Opium in appeasing febrile commotions and the nature of some malignant Feavers that produce no notable alteration in the Blood and Urine make it to appear that the discomposure of the Spirits is properly call'd a Feaver From whence I infer that Heat or Chilness are not essential to a Feaver and that the Heart or any other solid part are not the immediat subject 'T is true the febrile source may lodge in some corrupt or vitiated part but it only causes a Feaver by disordering the Blood and Spirits This remote Cause of Feavers ought to be heedfully distinguish'd from their Effects of the same Nature namely when in their declination any solid part is seiz'd with a swelling obstruction c. according to the various disposition of
a hard matter to distinguish Quotidians from double Tertians These last are known by this that either the Paroxysms have an alternat correspondence the first to the third second to the fourth c. Or the intervening Paroxysm comes later while the other two observe their set Periods or in Progress of time it intirely disappears and two Fits recur every other Day A precedent or succeeding simple Tertian discovers likewise a double Tertian So that true Quotidians are very rare and some are so hardy as to deny that there are any such But several good Authors have vouch'd for the Affirmative There are some Erratic Intermitting Feavers that observe dark Periods peculiar to themselves and some call'd Wandring which have no set times at all The grand Symptoms of intermitting Feavers are a chillness shivering and shaking follow'd by heat and that by plentiful Sweats Before the invasion of the Paroxysm the Patient is molested with a Yawning and Stretching a weariness of the Joints and unquietness or tossing in Bed The Nails become livid and blue a gentle chillness seizes the Loins and Back afterwards it creeps to the Belly and by degrees overspreads the whole Body especially the extreme Parts Then follows a shivering and sometimes a violent concussion of all the parts of the Body During the cold Fit several sorts of pains affect the Joints the Guts are grip'd and make a murmuring noise and the Pulse is render'd more frequent but withal weaker and lesser nay scarce perceivable When the coldness abates a difficulty of breathing insues with a notable heat and thirst the Pulse is strengthen'd and inlarg'd If the Pulse be small 't is a sign of great Malignity The Tongue becomes dry the Neck and Temples are seiz'd with a beating heat attended with frequent respiration head-ach watching and sometimes doating The heat declining is follow'd by sweating and voiding Urine After which sleep takes place and the Symptoms disappear In Tertians the heat and thirst are greatest And in Quartans the cold shaking and weariness of the Joynts are most troublesome This is the ordinary manner of Invasion But withal there are some irregular Feavers that depart from this method As the cold Feavers that have no hot Fits and the hot Tertian Feavers that are not usher'd in by cold Sometimes but very rarely the Order is inverted and the heat precedes the cold Fit Oft-times these Feavers begin regularly and afterwards degenerate or on the contrary begin in a disorderly manner and by continuation become regular If the Pulse be very small the Strength abolish'd the Breast disturb'd the Spirits disquieted in the beginning of the paroxysm and afterwards Pushes and Spots appear in the Skin the Feaver is malignant and very dangerous Tho' some are inclin'd to exclude malignity from the whole circle of intermitting Feavers Tho' intermitting Feavers may differ in their Periods and some occasional Symptoms they all proceed from one and the same Cause and require the same method of Cure as appears by their frequent permutation The general efficient Cause of all Motion is the Spirits but the occasional material Cause which provokes them to such irregular Motions is a vicious acid ferment bred in the Stomach and first Passages by the depravation or weakness of the digestive Faculty This Opinion is justified by the preternatural Appetit that sometimes attends Feavers the frequent Cures perform'd by Fasting by excessive Drinking and Vomiting or by eating greedily what was long'd for and the notable exasperation or relapse of the Disease occasioned by any error in Diet or earing unacceptable Food 'T is true such Feavers may sometimes proceed from the Air or quality of the Food but very rarely The disorders of the Spleen and Liver do frequently attend Quartans and Tertians but they are rather their Effects than Causes or perhaps they may remotely indispose the Body and render the Paroxysms more obstinat The suppression of the Terms or obstruction of any part may produce the like Effects but still the immediat Cause is lodg'd in the Stomac or first Passages which insinuats it self into the remains of indigested Food and so multiplies the Cause of repeated Paroxysms Now by means of this Acid all the Symptoms and Periods of Paroxysms are thus accounted for If the Chyle be not well digested in the Stomac and duly separated from the grosser parts by the interposal of the pancreatic and choleric Juices in the Guts it degenerates from its temperat volatil saline Quality and becomes acid or viscid and accordingly when it joins the Blood fixes its saline volatil oyly Particles and thickens the whole Mass Thus its fermentation is impair'd and by consequence the Pulse is weaken'd and diminish'd but withal render'd more frequent by the irritation of the Heart The heat of the Body is extinguish'd and the Spirits disorder'd by the indisposition and vicious fermentation of the Blood from whence issues the weariness of the Joints When this Acid begins to exert it self it twitches and contracts the nervous and membranous parts the Coats of the Guts and Stomach with the annex'd choleric and pancreatic Vessels the fat Membrane or Panniculus Carnosus c. the natural Consequences of which are a shivering shaking pains of the Joints and violent Vomiting of white or green matter which is nothing else but a mixture of the pancreatic and bilious Juices perverted by this irregular fermentation and causing gripings of the Guts a coldness of the Belly and many other Symptoms These Symptoms are allotted only to the beginning of the Paroxysm For after that this acid has for some time stifled the volatil oyly parts of the Blood they make head against it and the mutual Encounter creates a notable effervescency which ends in discharging the vanquish'd acid in a vehicle of attenuated Serum by Urine or Sweat From hence we deduce the other Symptoms of heat burning the vehemency and largeness of the Pulse plentiful Sweats the clearness of the Urine at first and its subsequent muddiness The Acid being thus subdu'd and evacuated the Feaver and concurring Symptoms intermit till such time as the remaining Miasma's be provok'd afresh or supplied by new recruits from the Stomac If this intermitting ferment be cramp'd by a vicid pituitous Vehicle the Paroxysm is longer and the Symptoms meeker than when it is master of it self and at liberty to display its utmost energy From whence we gather the difference of acute and chronical spurious and regular Feavers In these Northern Countries 't is highly necessary to take notice of scorbutic and hypocondriac Diseases as the frequent Companions of intermitting Feavers Those which we call erratic are always scorbutic unless they be caus'd by Imposthumes of the internal parts which seldom happen The signs of a scorbutic Feaver are anxieties of the Breast rending pains of the Joints floating pains or convulsions of the lower Belly either before or in the Paroxysm vomiting of green or yellow Matter and the eruption of livid or red Spots towards the end of the
from the preâ—ernatural fermentation of the Blood If a Continual Acute Feaver be attended by a Consumption or colliquation of the fat oily parts of the Body and a tendency to a Marasmus 't is call'd a Melting Feaver These oily far nutritious juices are voided either by stool in the form of stinking Excrements or by a cool glutinous Sweat or by copious quantities of Urine whose surface is cover'd with far or by falling into the cavity of the Belly or upon the Feet after a Hydropic manner The Causes of melting Feavers are the thin open texture of the nutritious juice and fat occasion'd by the want of a fixing congealing Acid The Acrimony of the Bile which sharpens and whets the Chyle and qualifies it for unlocking the Body of the nutritious and fat Juices the vehemence of dissolving Heat and the Caustic penetrating sharpness of the febrile ferment The remote causes are the epidemical Constitutions of the Air the immoderat use of Brandy or spiritous Liquors which over-whet the oily volatil Salt of the Choler the over-frequent smoaking of Tobacco and drinking cold Water after a violent heat The Scurvy and Cancer in the Breasts are oft-times listed into the number of the Causes These melting Feavers ought to be heedfully distinguish'd from that profluence of Sweat which proceeds from the deficiency of the Spirits the unbending of the Fibres and flagging of the looser parts as in swoonings c. Some continual burning Feavers are call'd Delirious when the Spirits move irregularly in the Brain causing doating insusterable Head-aches stubborn watching and sometimes Convulsions The cause is partly the heat of the Brain and Spirits occasion'd by the violent fermentations of the Blood and partly the malignity of the febrile ferment which debauches the quality of the Spirits and galls the membranous nervous parts If the malignant ferment break out in Pushes and Whelks in the Face Mouth or Head the Feaver is call'd Pemphygodes If the Person sweat copiously the first day of the Feavers invasion but without any ease or benefit 't is call'd Elodes If the Person be disquieted and toss in Bed 't is call'd Assodes This last symptom may be caus'd by weakness notable malignity vehement heat impetuosity of the Spirits and especially by vicious Humours disturbing the mouth of the Stomac If the Person be molested with a Hiccough which always proceeds from the Stomac 't is call'd Lyngodes If shivering and shaking attend the whole progress of the Feaver as it oft-times does in the suppurations of internal Ulcers and compound continual Feavers 't is call'd Phricodes Of all the compound continual or continual periodical Feavers that call'd Semitertiana is most worthy our regard 'T is generally look'd upon to be compos'd of a Tertian and Quotidian one of which is a Compound Continual and the other an intermitting Feaver Authors give several varying accounts of the periods of this Feaver but however 't is foâ— the most part cast into this form viz. A Continual Feaver seizes the Patient and periodical shiverings follow'd by a notable heat Observe the order of a Tertian and gentle shiverings succeeded by a meeker heat follow a Quotidian period The signs of Acute Feavers are manifest A notable Heat and Thirst always attends a burning Feaver 'T is usher'd in by a weariness of the Body and perturbation of the Head for some days then by a chilness and shivering which intimats that the volatil oily Particles have not yet obtain'd the ascendant over the Acid. Afterwards a notable heat succeeds the Pulse is frequent and accelerated and if the Salts of the Blood are equally match'd 't is large and equal if it be small or unequal it bespeaks malignity If the Salts of the Blood are very sharp and exalted a biting vehement heat molests the whole Body if they are temperat the heat is milder The Urine at first is thick red and dark in progress of time it discovers a Cloud on the top and upon the Crisis a copious sediment at bottom If at the height of the Disease the Urin be thin 't is a fatal sign If at first it appear thick and dark and afterwards degenerate into a thin consistence it portends unquietness doating and frequently Death But for making a due estimat of the Urine we ought to have a particular regard to the Constitution of the Patient For the Urine of those whose Blood is copiously temper'd with lymph and nutritious juice is never so high tinctur'd nor so thin as that of Bilious scorburic or Phthisical Persons Nor can those who sweat much void such large quantities of Urin and sediment as others The Spittle is glutinous and scanty attended by intolerable thirst watchings Head-aches c. Acute Feavers come regularly to a Crisis in hot Climats but in these Countries where we are wont to anticipate Nature by alterative Diaphoretic and absorbent Medicins they are not quite so regular Sometimes they spend themselves by gradual solutions by Urine Night-Sweats or Salivation As for the Prognostics of acute Feavers a sudden unaccountable Lightning or ease is a mortal sign If the Symptoms are extream high the Breast disturb'd and the Stomac queasy or molested with a gnawing Pain if in the beginning of the Disease a looseness happen attended by a notable prostration of strength and a 〈◊〉 corruption of the excrements in a word if any signs of malignity appear 't is a dangerous case Vomiting is a good sign If the Patient be somewhat benefited and not overweaken'd by a looseness 't is not so very dangerous Sometimes a melting Sweat in which red Sand-like matter is voided and found in the Bed may perform the Cure White Pale crude Urine is always a bad Omen The more reddish it appears at first the sooner the Disease comes to its height The Feavers that are occasioned by evident causes are more favourable than those whose cause is invisible If strength decay apace without any notable Evacuation Death is at hand If the Tongue be moist and of a natural red Colour all is well but if it be rough Dry Black Livid Slimy or Chop'd 't is in a bad Condition The swelling of the Face bespeaks the length of the Disease If the signs of Concoction appear the fourth Day the Feaver disappears the seventh if they are put off till the seventh the eleventh Concludes the matter The Crisis of the Feaver signifies the Period in which the useless and noxious parts are separated and expell'd sometimes by Ulcers in the Lips and Nostrils where the Skin is thin and Blood Vessels abound sometimes by a 〈◊〉 diffâ—sâ—d over the Body by Urine Sweating Salivation c. In â—ot Climats the Disease is sometimes Cur'd by Bleedings at Nose or other places The Bleeding at Nose is for the most part preceded by a tingling of the Ears If this Crisis be imperfect or disturb'd by an indiscreet use of absorbent fixing Medicines 't is follow'd by insufferable pains of the Stomac Guts or Joints and sometimes Palsies If a Physician
correcting the viscidity or sharpness of the Lymph especially the saliva and pancreatic juice evacuating the crude Phlegm and Lymph thus prepar'd and mitigating the Symptoms If the Breast be oppress'd let a gentle Vomit be exhibited or a mild purgative As Take Mynsicht's emetic Tartar two or three grains purifi'd Sal-Armoniac eight grains Or Take of Ruffius's Pills de tribus fifteen grains fulminatory Gold three grains prepar'd Scammony Treches Alhandal of each a grain With compound Tincture of Tartar make Pills In the next place attenuating Diuretic Remedies are proper as dulcifi'd Spirit of Salt of excellent use against a Hectic dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre essential Salt of Tartar Sal-Armoniac Nitrum Antimoniatum Tartar vitriolated Terra foliata Tartari or its Liquor Tincture of Tartar Essence of Myrrh tartaris'd carminative Spirit Spirit of Sal-Armoniac anisated Poterius's Antihectic c. Take of purifi'd Sal-Armoniac half a dram Poterius's Antihectic a scruple make a Powder for two Doses one in the Morning and the other at Night before the Fit Nitrum Antimoniatum mix'd with an equal quantity of Sal-Armoniac or Arcanum duplicatum mix'd with diaphoretic Antimony or Sal-Armoniac mix'd with Galangal and Ginger are successfully us'd after the same method Take of Mint-Water and Fennel-Water of each an ounce and a half Spirit of Treacle two or three Drams dulcifi'd Spirit of Salt half a dram or a whole dram Poterius's Antihectic a scruple Syrup of Hyssop six or eight drams Mix for two Doses Let the Mouth be gargaris'd with small Beer and Hony of Roses or with Water Vinegar and purifi'd Nitre or the infusion of Holyhoc-flowers in Water with a little Spirit of Salt and a convenient Syrup The Feaver call'd Epiala in which the inward parts are oppress'd with heat while the external are cold is by some referr'd to this Head But 't is only a combination or rencounter of either a Continual and Intermitting or two Intermitting Feavers The Swoonings that sometimes attend both this and other sorts of Feavers are caus'd either by some viscious slime irritating the Mouth of the Stomac or some sharp rusty Humour lodg'd in it In the last case Unicorn's Horn or the Decoction of Tamarinds in Water are much approv'd But if a viscid windy Matter arise to them volatil spiritous Remedies are proper Tho' after all 't is worthy our consideration what Ballonius remarks upon this matter viz. That many Physicians are faulty in giving strong Cordials against swooning where purging were more proper Of Symptomatical slow Feavers These Feavers are frequently occasion'd by a preposterous use of Absorbents in Intermitting and Continual Feavers which fix the heterogeneous Particles and render the Chyle and Lymph viscid or by over-feeding in the declination of other Feavers while the digestive faculty is weak by which means the Chyle is loaded with Crudities They may likewise follow other Diseases proceeding from a viscous Acid. Their Symptoms are the same as above to which we may add that sometimes they are accompanied by a looseness or voiding of liquid pituitous Matter The Cure consists in tempering the saltish Acid attenuating the viscid Matter and procuring to it an egress by vomiting stool urine or sweat They sometimes proceed from Ulcers especially of the internal parts retention of the After-birth a dead Child in the Womb chronical Pains and are cur'd by removing the respective Cause by Medecins alotted to that purpose In general gentle Vomits and Purges are proper and in a word the whole series of Medicins prescrib'd for the independent Slow Feavers Sometimes such Feavers follow an unseasonable use of sudorific Decoctions against the Pox before the Body be evacuated and are cur'd by vomiting and the repeated use of Sal-Armoniac Of Hectic Feavers A Hectic is a Slow Feaver advancing insensibly If it be a principal independent Disease it proceeds from the Corruption of undigested Food in the Stomac immoderate fatigue sorrow watchings want over-liberal evacuations excessive Bathings c. Oft-times 'tis only a symptom of other Diseases and follows the irregular Cure of Continual and Intermitting Feavers Inflamations of the Bowels Lungs Mesentery Womb and Kidneys the French-Pox c. The Part affected is not the habit of the Body as the Ancients fancy'd but the mass of Blood and Lymph Hence the greatest heat is perceiv'd about the Arteries As for the independent Principal sort of Hectics the Stomac and digestive Faculty are the original seat of their cause The immediat cause is the indisposition and unequal texture of the Blood caus'd by the saltish sharpness of the Lymph in the conglobat Glandules and the viscosity of that in the Conglomerat From whence insue a deprav'd and diminish'd fermentation weakness weariness deficiency of Spirits and the whole train of Hectic Symptoms The salin and viscid Blood is render'd unfit for nourishing the parts and after eating when the thin readier part of the fresh Chyle dilutes the Blood and disengages its Salts the Pulse is a little enlarg'd and the Heat augmented and after some time sink again to their ordinary pitch And the coarse remains of the Chyle are frequently voided by Night-Sweats as having receiv'd a vicious Tincture in the Stomac from the Saliva and being upon that Account equally disagreeable to the Blood and solid parts As for the Remote Causes Fatigue and Labour Watchings and Care exhaust the Spirits and watery Vehicle of the Blood Anger exalts the Bilious Salt which joyning with the Acid acquires a saline Acrimony Grief and Sorrow increase the Acid which joyning to the urinous Salt becomes dull and unactive indigested Crudities in the Stomac or the want of Food occasion a stricter union between the Acid and urinous Salts and their mutual degeneracy into a third sharp saline Body Ulcers both internal and external corrupt the Blood by vertue of their salin sharp Matter continual and intermitting Feavers attended by plentiful Sweats exhaust the dewy watry part of the Blood or the unseasonable use of absorbent earthy Powders administred for their Cure destroys the Ferment of the Stomac and increases the Acrimony of the Blood Thus they all conspire to render the Blood and Lymph saltish or viscous There are three Essential Signs of a Hectic Feaver 1. An obscure insensible Heat increasing after eating 2. The successive Consumption of the Body 3. A swift frequent small weak and oft-times a hard Pulse To which we may add in some cases Night-Sweats the falling off of the Hairs an universal Weariness inward Heat and averseness to sleep in the morning If Ashy belchings precede the appearance of these Symptoms they serve for a confirmation In the beginning of the Disease the Urine resembles that of healthy Persons unless the Stomac be much deprav'd in which case 't is white pale and thick afterwards when the Appetit and Digestion are in a manner quite abolish'd it becomes thin transparent and high Colour'd and when 't is form'd into a perfect Consumption a fat oily Crust resembling Cobwebs swims on the Top. But we ought
either design'd for preservation from imminent danger or removing the present Illness Distill'd Vinegar Camphyr and alexipharmacal Ingredients are proper Preservatives As for the proper Cure of Malignant Feavers 't is perform'd by expelling the poysonous ferment and fortifying the Spirits and Humours in order to promote the expulsion To this purpose Sulphur absorbent Antimonial Powders Camphyr Vinegar and Acid Juices precipitating Powders such as the friable parts of Animals mix'd with alexipharmacal Ingredients such as Zedoary Ivy-Berries Juniper and Bay-berries Myrrh Angelica Gentian and Saffron with Opium and Sudorifics are very proper But in order to a regular use of 'em let us mind the following Cautions 1. Vomits especially the Infusion of Vitrum Antimonii are of admirable efficacy in the very beginning of Malignant Feavers especially when they 're attended by Anxieties in the Breast or proceed from an internal corruption of the Humors But the Season of exhibiting them must be nicely weigh'd for if Nature be already endeavouring any other evacuation especially through the Skin they are out of season 2. Sudorifics are justly look'd upon as the basis of the Cure but they ought to be proportion'd to the malignity of the Disease and strength of the Patient If the Malignity be of a moderat Character 't is advisable to begin with absorbents at first Indeed a violent malignity requires powerful Sudorifics but care must be taken that the Patient be not stifl'd with weight of Cloaths And those of the sweating Tribe that are Aromatic and Oily are only proper in the beginning or during the increase Towards the height or when the Heat is violent 't is not amiss to exchange 'em with fix'd Powders or at least to qualifie 'em with Acids such as the Spirits of Nitre the vegetable Acid Juices c. Camphyr is a Sudorific never to be omitted unless it be prohibited by a peculiar Antipathy as in some Women and studious Men. 3. During the time of sweating or immediatly after it let Acid mixtures of the Juice of Citrons and especially Spirit of Nitre c. be exhibited They retrieve the exhausted Spirits and procure a due consistence to the dissolv'd Blood and ought always to be imploy'd for a Vehicle to Venice Treacle and such like hot Compositions 4. Opiats are of admirable use for promoting Sweat which is frequently hinder'd by anxiety and unquietness Let 'em be mix'd both with Sudorifics and with the Acid mixtures exhibited after sweating but their proper Season is during the Increase for towards the Crisis they ought to be avoided 5. The Cure of malignant Feavers varies according to their respective Causes If they proceed from external Contagion fierce Sudorifics are requir'd If from the internal corruption of the Humours they ought to be more temperat and rather absorbent If the Animal Spirits are the principal seat of the Malignity subtil volatil penetrating Ingredients mix'd with Narcotics are proper If the Blood claim that Character they ought to be temper'd with Acid Vehicles The malignity of the Blood is for the most part attended by eruptions of Humours at one part or other that of the Spirits by Deliriums Watchings Convulsions c. and a tolerable Pulse 6. Malignant Feavers are frequently complicated continual Burning ones in which case regard must be had to the boiling heat of the Blood by insisting most on moder at Acids and fix'd absorbents especially those of Antimony and qualifying the volatil oily Specifics 7. The above mention'd Symptoms relating to the Tongue Hands and Tendons ought always to be inquir'd after as also the condition of the Eyes for if they are rutilant and fiery or fierce they threaten Deliriums 8 There is nothing more fatal than a Looseness and all Artificial Purgations are pernicious especially if the Disease came by Contagion or if Nature endeavour Cutaneous Fruptions or if the force of malignity surpass that of the febrile effervescency If the first Passages be stuff'd let temperat Clysters be injected and even those but very cautiously In the Declension of the Disease a gentle Laxative is not amiss 9. Blood-letting is highly Pernicious especially if the Disease came by Contagion or tend to cutaneal Eruptions Sometimes if the malignity be weak and the Blood boyl high in a Plethoric young Person accustom'd to Bleeding it may be allow'd but with a great deal of Caution and Judgment 10. Blistering Plaisters are very useful They 're applied to the Legs and Arms and in case of sleepy Symptoms to the Nap of the Neck If the Animal Spirits are much afflicted or if the Eruptions design'd by nature advance but slowly or retire afterwards they are of singular use Stephanus advises us not to be over hasty in applying 'em till Nature have discover'd her design and then if she be weak to interpose their help The increase or rather beginning of the Height is a proper time to apply ' em 11. The Diet must be thin neither are Victuals to be offer'd unless the appetit require ' em For Drink let Water be boyl'd with a third part of Rhenish Wine and mix'd with the Juice of Citrons and Gelly of Harts-horn Or let Whey be sharpen'd with the Juice of Citrons or Spirit of Nitre Having premis'd these Cautions we shall next touch at the Specifics some of which are volatil some fix'd The volatil are either lean and thin such as the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac the Spirits and volatil Salts of Harts-horn of Vipers of Tartar of Urine of Amber c. Or Oily and Aromatic such as Camphyr Elecampane Birthwort Rue Galangal Mary-gold Orange Peel Germander Castor Vipers Baum Zedoary lesser Centory Rob of Juniper and Elder-berries the distill'd Oyls of Amber Camphyr Harts-horn and Tartar Essence of Triacle Spirit of Triacle Camphoris'd and the Essences of Aromatic Herbs The fix'd are Diaphoretic Antimony Diaphoretic Gold native Cinnabar or that of Antimony above all the fix'd Sulphur of Antimony mineral Bezoar both simple and Compound the Bezoar Stone given to half a dram or in the room of it the Stone cut out of a Man's Bladder seal'd Earth Coral Harts-horn Sulphur and the preparations of Nitre c. Some are of a temperat nature neither properly volatil nor fix'd such are the Gelly of Harts-horn the expelling Seeds viz. Those of Carduus Benedictus Columbines Cresses Citrons c. To which we may add Myrrh which is a baumy Medicine of excellent use for covering the Spirits from the shocks of the malign ferment From these Simples are prepar'd an infinity of compound Medicines such as Venice Triacle or Diascordium which is better Mithridat Species of Hyacinth the Powder call'd Saxonicus c. As for Venice Triacle and such like hot Compositions the best way is to exhibit em in Acid Vehicles and mix 'em with fix'd Specifics Take of Rasberry Water and that of Water Germander of each an ounce and a half Diaphoretic Antimony half a dram Cinnabar of Antimony fifteen grains volatil Salt of Harts-horn twelve grains Camphyr two or three
from its irregular and unequal turgescence Upon which account the suppression of the Terms the Scurvy and Hypocondriac Sickness are frequently follow'd by palpitations of the Heart Sometimes it takes its rise from the slow and stagnating condition of the Blood and by consequence from whatever crosses or thwarts the circular progress But of all its Causes the most frequent is the occasional disorder of the Nerves and Animal Spirits occasion'd either by Fear Anger strong Smells c. Or by hysteric and hypocondriac Passions and the indisposition of the Spleen For the Nerves of the Heart and those of the lower Belly especially of the Spleen entertain a mutual Commerce by vertue of which the contraction of these Nerves is continued to the Heart and in its progress resembles the ascent of Fumes or Steams from the Spleen and Intestins The facility of this communication is much inhanc'd by the scorbutic or acid Constitution of the Blood which is equally dispos'd to provoke both the Nerves of the Heart and those of the Bowels As for Diagnostics A palpitation of the Heart is discover'd by laying one's Hand upon the Breast If it proceed from a Dropsy of the Pericardium or Obstructions in and about the Heart the Pulse is small and slow respiration difficult and the Body inclining to a Consumption and Hectic Feaver If it proceed from Worms in the Heart-Purse it returns without manifest cause the Breast is molested with gnawing pricking corroding pains the Patient is frequently troubl'd with a pale Countenance intermitting Pulse and a prodigious unquietness and sometimes sudden swoonings or epileptic Fits If it take its rise from the hypocondriac Disease it is frequently interrupted and when it comes is usher'd in by a murmuring noise in the Belly or attended by disorderly Symptoms in the Abdomen and a sense of constriction of the Heart as if it were squeez'd betwixt two Hands If it flow from a scorbutic Original it does not invade when the Person lies quietly in Bed but upon the least motion of Hand or Foot displays it self and is frequently accompany'd by swoonings A trembling of the Heart is attended by a prostration of strength and an unequal weak languishing Pulse The Remission or intermission of the Pulse following a Palpitation of the Heart prognosticates Swoonings If a Palpitation proceed from a scorbutic cause or accompany malignant Symptoms 't is very dangerous If it be occasion'd by Worms in the Pericardium or Excrescences in the Heart or adjacent parts 't is incurable If it happen in one's Youth it prevents Old Age. The Indications for Cure are to remove the irritating cause Opium impairs only the sense of irritation but has no influence upon the cause it self wherefore it ought to be very cautiously us'd especially considering that a Palpitation or trembling is frequently attended by a notable weakness In hypocondriac or Scorbutic cases perhaps it may not be improper Blood-letting is also dangerous yet if the stagnation of the Blood give rise to the Disease or if the Patient be young and the Blood boil high 't is in some measure allowable as when a Palpitation is caus'd by Fear suppressing of wonted evacuations or a violent commotion of the Body Of all Palpitations of the Heart those of a convulsive Character that spring from Scorbutic or Hypochondriac causes or in a word from prevailing Acid are the most frequent and require a particular regard Earthy Ingredients Steel and volatil Salts are Medicins most in use against these and all other sorts of Palpitations The Tincture of Coral prepar'd with a Menstruum of May-Dew or Snow and mix'd with some cordial Liquor is an universal Specific Now of the Cordial Ingredients Baum is the Head Its Spirit or primum Ens or the Essence of Amber-grise extracted with it is an admirable support for decaying Nature The Leaves of Baum and those of Borrage sprinkled with Rose-water and Vinegar are applied outwardly to the Heart with good success Next to Baum are Cloves Citrons Orange-peel Rosemary Zedoary Elecampane Dill and their various productions The Essence of Saffron given inwardly and a Bag of Saffron and Camphyr hung over the pit of the Breast are of good use The Essence of Ambergrise and Mosch are celebrated Medicins but Ambergrise injoys a stupifying quality which may be extinguish'd by putting it into fermentation as in the preparation of Spiritus Rosarum Ambratus Besides there are some studious Men and hysteric Women that are easily offended by this and all other oily volatil Salts in the room of which we may substitute the meagre thin Salts such as the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac and dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre The Essence of Juniper-berries prepar'd with their own Spirit the carminative spirit de tribus the volatil Salt of Vipers the spirit and volatil salt of Harts-horn the spirit volatil Salt and distill'd Oyl of Amber the Essence of Castor mix'd with Camphyr the Oyl of Cinnamon the Syrup of the filings of Steel Whey and all anti-hypocondriac Ingredients are much approv'd Externally in a Hysteric or Splenetic Palpitation we apply the same things as are proper against the Causes Take of prepar'd red Coral native Cinnabar and chalybeat diaphoretic Antimony half a scruple volatil salt of Harts-horn three grains distill'd Oyl of Cloves a drop Make a Powder Take of the Tincture of Coral prepar'd with the spirit of Stags-heart two drams the spirit of Roses impregnated with Ambergrise a dram Dose thirty or sorty drops in Cinnamon-water Take of Cinnamon-water impregnated with Quinces an ounce the Cordial-water of Saxony an Ounce Essence of Juniper Berries two drams Essence of Saffron half an ounce Spirit of Venice Treacle camphoris'd a dram distill'd Oyl of Cinnamon for Men or of Amber for Women four drops shake and mix them Dose a spoonful or two Oft-times not only the Heart but the Arteries especially that leading to the Spleen and that of the Temples are seiz'd with a palpitation The cause is an inflammation of the Place or stagnation of the Blood or Convulsions of the Spleen and adjacent parts affecting the Tunicles of the Artery The first two are remov'd by Sudorifics and the last by Steel and anti-hypochondriac Medicines CHAP. II. Of Swoonings THere are three kinds or rather degrees of Swooning viz. Lipothymia Syncope and Asphyxia In a Lipothymia beside that the Pulse is weaker and less the Senses both internal and external are eclips'd and animal Motion both voluntary and natural does in a manner fail all which symptoms go easily off again and the Patient is restor'd to health In a Syncope the symptoms are more tragical the Pulse Sense and bodily Motion are quite extinguish'd Respiration is scarce perceivable the Heart is much oppress'd a cold clammy Sweat and Paleness covers the Body and sometimes the Excrements come away of their own accord In an Asphyxia all things are yet worse so that the Patient lies as one dead without any Pulse or sign of Life Now in order to discover the cause of
inappetency especially an aversion to meat in the Morning an uncooth taste invades the Mouth which by degrees becomes saltish and is attended by a dry tickling Cough in process of time the taste of the Mouth becomes putrid and resembles that of Ashes or rotten Meat the dry Cough prevails towards Night and brings up some thin watery Matter respiration is render'd difficult and the Breast oppress'd especially after eating at which time the whole Body especially the palms of their Hands are molested with Heat The Pulse is always quick frequent and small After some time all these Symptoms increase the Cough angments and copiously brings up a viscous white then yellow green or livid and at length a true purulent Matter whereupon Night-sweats a Hectic Feaver and a gradual decay insue In fine if a Phthisic of the Lungs be not externally occasion'd or depend not upon a preceding Disease such as a Pleurisie or spitting of Blood it always flows from the Stomac From this Induction we may infer that in the beginning of a Phthisic the Cough does not always proceed from the Lungs but from the Stomac Nay sometimes tho' the Lungs be ulcerated if the Matter do not irritate the Bronchia there insues no Cough at all Besides the Matter which is expectorated by coughing is not always bred in the Lungs as being sometimes taken up from other ulcerated Parts by the Blood In which case 't is a difficult matter to trace out the part to which the Ulcer belongs But in general if it lodge in the Abdomen the Symptoms of the Belly do discover it If the Cough bring up no purulent Matter we conclude that the Phthisic is owing to a Schirrus or some such disorder among the Viscera Now the purulency of this Matter is discover'd by its sinking in Water whereas that which is only viscid being porous and dilated with Air swims above To conclude if the Lungs are exulcerated the Cough sounds hollow and deep and if they be much consum'd are voided by pieces If the right side be chiefly affected the sick Person cannot lie but on the right side and eâ—contra A confirm'd Phthisic or Consumption is incurable while 't is yet but growing there are some hopes especially if the Stomac is not much disorder'd If it proceed from hard swellings in the Lungs Schirrus's or Ulcers in the Bowels from the Scurvy the Whites Dropsy or running of the Reins 't is seldom cur'd If the Cough disappear of a sudden 't is a tragical Omen as also if the Hairs fall off and the feet swell or if the expectorated Matter stink when thrown upon burning Coals The Cure is compassed by removing the various Causes mitigating the Symptoms and projecting a method for nourishing the Body For which end let the following Cautions be heedfully minded 1. There 's no Remedy whatsoever that equals Vomits especially in the beginning nor any case in which they are nor convenient except that of a spitting of Blood and extream Weakness 2. Purgation Bleeding and issues are of no use The first is pernicious and augments the Cough or if in the beginning of a Phthisic it be absolutely necessary to cleanse the first Passages Rhubarb is the most proper Ingredient the second is never allowable unless a suppression of Blood require it the third was introduc'd of old in compliance with the exploded Fancy of a Phthisic's being caus'd by a Catarrhâ— distilling from the Brain which now we justly refer to the Stomac 3. Sugar Hony and all sweet Syrups are hurtful They putrify in the Stomac weaken its digestion and proâ—â—ore the corrosion of the affected Bowel 4. A scorbutic Consumption is admirably accounted for by a Milk Dyet especially that of Goats Milk mix'd with vulnerary and anti-scorbutic Syrups 5. Tho' an inveterat Phthisic do not admit of a perfect Cure yet the Life may be drill'd on by a Milk Diet using vulnerary Medicines and changing the Air. Milk is a Sovereign Remedy when the Disease proceeds from a sharpness of the Blood or Lymph it both cleanses with its Whey and heals with its Butter Indeed if it spring from the corruption of a Bowel or default of the Stomac 't is improper as being apt to curdle and putrify in a deprav'd Stomac Goats Milk mix'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-grass or that of Sal-Armoniac is of excellent Use in Scorbutic cases but Woman's Milk suck'd immediately from the Breasts without being exposed to the Air and the Butter made of it are preferable to any other It will not be amiss to add a little Sugar or Conserve of Roses to prevent Curdling And when Persons are confin'd to a Milk Diet they ought to take of it three or four times a Day and use some exercise after taking it in order to promote its quick distribution and in the interim eat nothing else but Raisins or Food of very easie digestion Note before the use of Milk 't is advisable to exhibit a Vomit The Yelks of Eggs dissolv'd in Wine and mix'd with a little Amber-grise are of admirable use in Venereal Consumptions The Decoctions of Elecampane-roots with Raisins and Liquorice and a little Spanish Wine are of noted efficacy against all Phthisics to which we may add Sweet Almonds and Emulsions of Milky Seeds Oysters River-Crabbs mix'd with Butter Cockles and all temperat Ingredients In the beginning of the Disease especially when it proceeds from the Stomac Acids such as the Spirit of Salt Nitrum Antimoniatum Terra foliata Tartari distill'd Vinegar with Crabs-Eyes dissolv'd in it Sal-Armoniac c. are recommended upon the acount of their Stomachical Virtue But after the confirmation of the Disease or an Ulcer in the Lungs both these and all Spaw-Waters ought to be equally avoided And as for the sharpness of the Blood and Lymph which vitiats the Lungs and is generally the Cause of those Phthisics that the Ancients refer to Catarrhs from the Head Sulphur is a proper Remedy It contains both Acid and Balmy Parts the former are pernicious and ought to be carefully separated from the latter Thus the Flowers of Sulphur nicely prepar'd and the Balsam of Sulphur prepar'd with distill'd Oyl of Aniseeds are incomparable Medicines If a Hectic and Night-Sweats prevail perhaps the Balsam of Sulphur prepar'd with distill'd Oyls may prove too hot in which case let it be prepar'd with the Oyl of Sweet-Almonds adding but a few drops of distill'd Oyl of Aniseed which last alone is a noble Pectoral Or the heat of the Balsam may be restrain'd by adding the Sugar of Lead or the Anti-phthisical Tincture of two Parts of Vitriol of Steel and one of Sugar of Lead infus'd in rectifi'd Spirit of Wine or the dewy Phlegm of Vitriol that 's free of Acidity rectifi'd upon its own Caput mortuum The Tincture of Blood-stone or that of the Sulphur of Vitriol are also fir to be added In the room of Common Sulphur some chuse the Mineral fix'd Sulphurs such as Diaphoretic Antimony Poterius's Antihectic and all
we ought to observe nicely where the Impediment lies If the Stagnation and Viscidity of the Humors about the Breast retard the work let a Vomit be exhibited If want of strength and Spirits let the sudorific Decoctions be Administred The Salivation being obtain'd must be continu'd till the Saliva become foetid and viscous and apt to fall to the bottom in a Vessel full of Water or stick to its sides If the Salivation exceed its due bounds let Opiats Clysters and Purgatives be us'd as also Gold both held in the Mouth and given inwardly After the Salivation is over it will be requisit to shift the Bed-Cloaths and wearing Cloaths and to continue the use of the Decoctions of Woods Which if the Salivation was imperfect may recal the Nocturnal Pains by driving the remaining Acid dissolv'd by the Mercury into the external Parts but their continu'd use with that of Mercury will overcome ' em Purgation is also proper after the Salivation Before the Commencement of the Cure as well by a Salivation as by Sweating it is not amiss to cleanse the first Passages by Vomits and Purges that so the humors may be more pliable and the troublesom Symptoms of the Breast prevented If the Pox be inveterat or if the virulent Matter be fix'd in the external Parts one or two Purges will suffice since we ought to be cautious of recalling the humors to the Center When the Matter is joyn'd to the fluid Juices repeated Purgation is of use For which end Coloquyntida and sweet Mercury are the topping Ingredients As Take of the extract of Black Hellebor and sweet Mercury of each fifteen Grains Scammony Sulphurat and extract of Troches Alhandal of each two grains With Essence of Fumitory or that of Woods Make Pills Take of the Conserve of Fumitory a dram Rosin of Jalap Sulphurat Scammony of each six grains Turbith Mineral four grains Make a Bolus Some add Purgatives to the Sudorific Woods as likewise volatil Salts urinous Spirits and Cinnabar of Antimony together with the extracts and distill'd Oyls of Woods As Take of the shavings of Guajacum four scruples Diaphoretic Sulphur of Antimony a sctuple volatil Salt of Vipers twelve grains Make a Powder for two Doses Or Take of Matthiolus his Quintessence half an ounce Spirit of Venice Treacle a dram Clyssus of Antimony half a dram Spirit of Guajacum two drams Mix for a Dose to be pour'd into each draught of the Sudorific Decoction Before we take leave of this Subject it will be requisit to consider the Symptoms and account for their particular Cures The first that offers it self is the Clap or virulent running of the Reins This Symptom appears frequently by it self without the Pox but if it be not speedily cur'd degenerats into it The cause of it is some sharp Miasma's proceeding from Ulcers in the Womb which in the time of Coition insinuat themselves thro' the Urethra and inlarged Pores of the Yard into the Prostatae and by fermenting corrupt their watery Juice which in time becomes Corrosive Ulcerats the Glandules and Excoriats the Urethra and Prepuce Hence the Symptoms of a Clap are a violent pain about the Root of the Yard where these Glandules are seated a continual Efflux of discolour'd matter as being first yellow then green and blue the Inflammation and oft-times Ulceration of the Nut of the Yard the Corrosion of the Urethra follow'd by Caruncles an insufferable Heat of Urine and a squeezing Pain girding the Yard especially in the Night-time or when it attempts Erection If a Clap continue long it Excoriats and Wasts the Glandules and sometimes the malign ferment reaches the Stones and causes their Swellings and Bubo's The first step towards the Cure is to cleanse the Body by purging with Coloquintida the extract of black Hellebor and sweet Mercury or rather the green precipitat prepar'd with Quick-lime which tho' it may seem at first to exasperat the Symptoms yet it lays the Foundation of the Cure After Evacuation we proceed to Balmy cleansing and healing Ingredients in regard of the Ulcer of the Prostratae Such are the distill'd Oyl of Turpentine the Turpentine Balsam of Sulphur joyn'd to Quercetanus's Clap Water the Juice of Lemons mix'd with Spirit of Turpentine and Camphyr the Balsam prepar'd of Sugar of Lead and Oyl of Turpentine Oyl of Juniper extract of Tormentil Rosin of Guajacum prepar'd with Tincture of Tartar the Decoction of Quick-silver in Water the Balsam of Peru and above all that call'd Capaivi or its Essence prepar'd with Tartaris'd Spirit of Wine Some commend the infusion of Cantharides in Wine To these we may add the Bone of a Cuttle Diaphoretic Antimony Chalybeat Bezoar and whatever subdues a prevailing Acid. If the Infection have already reach'd the Blood it will be needful to administer Decoctions of Woods and the above mention'd sudorifics mix'd with the Essences of Woods and Tincture of Coral Take of Turbith mineral six or eight grains With Conserve of Roses make a Bolus Take of Extractum Catholicum fifteen grains the green precipitat Mercury six grains extract of Troches Alhandal two grains with the Essence of Woods or distill'd Oyl of Amber make Pills Take of the extract of Tormentil an ounce Sugar of Lead half an ounce Camphyr two drams With distill'd Oyl of Turpentine Make Pills Take of the Balsam of Sulphur prepar'd with Oyl of Turpentine two drams Balsam of Capaivi a dram Mix Dose fifteen drops twice a Day Externally for cleansing the Ulcers we inject Quick-lime Water in which Aloe Myrrh Honey of Roses Sugar of Lead and sweet Mercury are dissolv'd If the Ulcers tend to a Cancer we add Vnguentum Aegyptiacum or if an Ulcer appear in the Nut of the Yard we wash it with a solution of sublimat Mercury in the same Water If the Testicles are inflam'd we apply Cataplasms of the Meal of Beans and Cuminseeds boyl'd in Vinegar and Water and mix'd with Litharge or anoint 'em with a Liniment of the Balsam of Sulphur Oyl of Cummin and Ointment of Marsh-mallows and if any hardness remain discuss it with a Plaister of Gum Ammoniac and the Plaister of Hemlock The Plaister de Ranis with Mercury is of excellent use for other places but for the Testicles 't is not so proper for fear the Mercury should extinguish their ferment If the Prepuce be inflam'd foment it with the Phlegm of Vitriol or Dissolution of Sugar of Lead in Lime Water A Clap in Women is cur'd after the same manner and attended by Symptoms of the same Nature The next Symptom we take notice of is that of Bubo's or Glandulous swellings occasion'd by the Sâ—agnation of viscid Lymph Their suppuration ought to be promoted by applying Sala's Magnetic Plaister or Toads soak'd in Vinegar or the Plaister de Ranis with Mercury soften'd with Oyl of Guajacum or foetid Oyl of Tartar or the Plaister of Hemlock mix'd with Soap When the Bubo's are sufficiently soften'd let 'em be open'd with a Caustic or a
Salt remain at bottom Now take of this Salt three drams of the Gum Lac two drams Cyprus Vitriol six Grains Rosemary and Sage-waters of each an ounce and a half Mix and dissolve with a gentle heat As for Powders Take of Snake-weed and Tormentil Roots and the Rinds of Pomegranats of each a dram Blood-stone Frankincense Burnt-allum and Sal-Armoniac of each half a dram make a Powder for rotten Gums Or sprinkle it with the distill'd Oyl of Cloves and Spirit of Scurvy-grass Note all stony or tartarin things are pernicious to the Gums If the Mouth or Gums are beset with Ulcers apply the following Liniment Take of crude Allum a dram and a half Sage-leaves three drams Roots of Florentin Orris a dram and a half Myrrh half a dram With Hony make a Liniment Borellus recommends Allum with the Oyl of Sulphur and Conserve of Roses If the Ulcers are malignant and stinking apply the Ointment of Columbines with the Juice of Sage and Spirit of Salt or the Ointment Aegyptiacum diluted with Hony or Platerus's green Waters Note the Spirit of Vitriol always makes the Teeth black II. Scorbutical Tooth-aches are cur'd by applying the Decoction of Pine-tree Leaves with Spirit of Scurvy-grass or the Juices of lesser House-leek and Scurvy-grass with the Decoction of Henbane Rosemary Rue Plantane Sage Snakeweed and Fearn If the Pain reach the Temples and Face foment 'em with the weaker Spirit of Scurvy-grass mix'd with the Spirit of Earth-worms III. The spots on the Skin ought to be promoted by exhibiting inwardly the volatil Specifics mix'd with absorbent Powders and the Tincture of Columbine Flowers or Emulsions of its Seed or the Antiscorbutical Tincture of Coral If the Spots be red we add acid Juices if blew or livid Scurvy-grass and volatil Ingredients Externally if they disorder the Skin and are apt to excoriat apply after sweating a Liniment of Mustard-seeds mix'd with Vinegar or if that be too sharp with the Oyl of sweet Almonds and fresh Juice of Citrons The Ointment of the Roots of Florentin Orris and white Hellebor mix'd with the Oyl of sweet Almonds is look'd upon by some as infallible for this purpose If the Skin itch and be molested with little miliar Eruptions exhibit the Decoction of Pine-tree Buds and let the Hands and Feet be lick'd by a Dog IV. The fix'd pains in the Legs are remov'd by bleeding in the Arm applying Blistering Plaisters near the affected part exhibiting Sudorifics especially the Decoctions of Woods and Pine-tree Buds the Essence of Sassafras Spirit of Scurvy-grass Spirit of Venice Treacle camphoris'd and Spirit of Elder-berries mix'd with the Essence of Opium and Laudanum Opiatum and by fomenting the part with the Spirit of Juniper-beries camphoris'd Spirit of Earth-worms and Aqua Articularis or by soaking it in Tanner's Lye mix'd with Man's Urine or in hot fermenting Wine or in the Decoction of Ants the Person being put to a warm Bed immediately after Some recommend the Decoction of Sage Chamomil and Elder-flowers Water-cresses and Henbane-leaves in Milk or Whey for a fomentation or the Rob of Juniper mix'd with the thicken'd Juices of Water-cresses Camomil and Elder Flowers in the form of a Cataplasm or hot dry Bags of Millet-Seeds Salt Bran Wormwood-tops and Chamomil Flowers to be applied to the Parts however if all prove ineffectual we must have recourse to the natural Hot Baths or Artificial ones of Sulphur and Quick-lime V. The Colick Pains or those resembling the Nephritic as proceeding from the Cramp and Convulsion of the Guts and the Mesentery which is seated in the Loins are Cur'd by cleansing the Guts and appeasing the tumultuous motions The first design is compass'd by Raisins Goats-Whey Oyl of sweet Almonds and the Decoction of Marsh-mallows Pugatives are very pernicious But if the Pain be recent and not very violent we may venture to exhibit a gentle Purge mix'd with Opium the Body being first prepar'd by Digestives If the irritating matter be hot and sharp Whey in which China-Roots Borrage-Flowers and Clove-Gilli-flowers are boil'd the Emulsions of cold Seeds Sugar of Lead or the Antiphthisical Tincture and earthy absorbent Powders are proper but if the Urine be laden with a sandy Tartar all Lenitives are in vain 'till that be remov'd by meek Diuretics such as Turpentin the Syrup of Marsh-mallows c. In other cases we exhibit the Volatil oily Salts mix'd with Opiats especially the Spirit of Nitre dulcifi'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-grass the carminative Spirit de tribus and the Spirit of Earth-Worms Or thus Take of Dorncrellius his Carminative Water and the Antiscorbutic Water of each two Ounces the Spirit of Scurvy-grass and the carminative Spirit de tribus of each a dram the Essence of Opium half a dram Syrup of Orange-peel an Ounce Emollient Anodyn Clysters are also very proper I mean such as are usually prescrib'd against Colic and Nephritic Pains especially those of the Decoction of River-Crabs But if they do not quickly give relief 't is advisable to set 'em aside for fear of inflaming the Guts and to foment the Belly with the Decoctions design'd for ' em 'T is also usual to anoint the Navel with the Oyl distill'd from Galbanum and Turpentin and then apply either a hot Brick or the Plaister of Galbanum mix'd with the Balsam of Peru. Pâ—terius's Plaister Diasulphuris applied to the Loins is of good use as also Fomentations or Cataplasms for the Belly of Chamomil and Elder-flowers Juniper Berries Henbane-leaves Cresses c. boil'd in Milk If the Clysters prove successful let 'em be still continu'd and sharpen'd with purgative Ingredients after the Paroxism exhibit the Decoction of Pine-Apples and Juniper Berries and other Antiscorbutics VI. The wandring gouty Pains that follow the Scurvy are owing to the Convulsive influence of the scorbutical Salt upon the nervous Parts especially the Membranes that cover the Bones They are distinguish'd from a proper Gout by these Symptoms They are very inconstant and apt to shift the place of their Abode and return again on a sudden Thus rubbing with a warm Cloth will occasion their removal and appearance in another Part. They never rise up in hard stubborn Swellings Their solution is frequently accomplish'd by Sweat and Urine and by cuticular Eruptions with an unsufferable itching The Cure consists in allaying the impeutosity of the Spirits and Humors evacuating the Scorbutic Salt by Sweat and Urine and removing the radical cause after the Paroxysm is over First of all it ought to commence by bleeding in the opposite side to the part affected then Clysters and Vomits follow'd by absorbent Powders and fix'd Salts especially Arcanum Duplicatum diaphoretic Antimony and Cinnabar of Antimony to which if the Spirits be very irregular we add Narcotics Oft-times a gentle Laxative is very necessary If the Spirits be low and flaggy we may exhibit the Essence of Woods or Venice Treacle with Osteocal mix'd with Opium After these Preparations we proceed to the use of volatil Specifics of
a wet one Sometimes critical Loosenesses give the solution of the Distemper As for Epiphora's if they prove inveterat in adult Persons they degenerat to a Fistula Lacrymalis which is oft-times incurable As for the Cure When the Inflammation proceeds from external Causes a few external Medicines may give relief But when the Cause is internal we proceed thus First of all we open a Vein in the Leg then in the Arm and aftewards but not sooner in the Forehead if it can be done without straitening the Neck In desperat cases we open the Jugular Veins and sometimes the Temporal Artery Blistering Plaisters appli'd to the nape of the Neck are of excellent use as occasioning a plentiful Flux of Blood into the outer branch of the Artery of the Neck which must needs drain the inner-branch that visits the Eyes They are best prepar'd of Emplastrum Citrinum mix'd with the Powder of Spanish Flies whout Acids and the Blisters ought to be kept long open with the Plaister of Ceruss mix'd with a small quantity of the Powder of Spanish Flies In Hydropical Persons or such whose Skin does not easily heal Blistering Plaisters may be omitted In difficult Cases we order Issues in the Arm or Leg of the same side with the inflam'd Eye and a Setum in the Neck Instead of a Setum some chuse to make a sort of Issue in the Ear thus Take the Root of Hellebor or Mezereon dry it and slice it into little round pieces which macerat in the solution of Nitre in Water or the Lye of the Ashes of Vine-twigs Then bore a Hole in the Ear and promote its suppuration for three Days with a thread cover'd with Butter and then put in one of these pieces thus prepar'd renewing 'em every day Internally we exhibit Jalap for a Purge and the Decoctions of China-Roots Sassafras Sarsaparilla and Juniper-Wood to which we add the Cephalic Dryers such as Fennel Eye-bright Valerian Betony Rosemary and their Essences If the Inflammation proceed from Mineral Fumes we give Mineral Preparations inwardly In external Applications we ought to avoid Opium and Milk tho' commonly usâ—d The former shuts the Pores and promotes a Gangrene the latter is also charg'd with the same Crime and besides is apt to Curdle and become Acid and by consequence must needs be prejudicial to the Eyes In the beginning of the Distemper while the heat pain redness and sharpness of the Rheum prevail absorbent Powders are proper such as Tutty Ceruss Chalk Flowers of Tin Crabs-Eyes Calaminar-stone c. In general the Water of Frogs-spawn the Water distill'd from bruis'd River-Crabs when they begin to putrifie and distill'd again with the Juice of Celandin the Oyl or Liquor per deliquium of Blew-bottle or Succory flowers they being gather'd in the Morning when wet with the Dew and put into a thick Glass encompass'd with a thick Crust of Dough and so baked in an Oven 'till they melt into Liquor the Phlegm of the Spirit of Vitriol the Oyl of Sugar per Deliquium or Sugar it self ground in a new Tin Platter 'till it become livid the Sugar of Lead Camphyr the mucilages of Flea-wort and Quince-seeds extracted with Celandin Water the Phlegm of Allum Whites of Eggs the strain'd Decoction of the Litharge of Gold in Vinegar the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum or the Glass of Antimony and in the height of the Distemper Collyriums prepar'd with white Vitriol are all approv'd Medicines If the Inflammation proceed from external Causes the above mention'd Mucilages or a piece of raw Beef or Veal applied to the Eye will finish the Cure If the Rheum be very sharp and corrosive we insist much upon fix'd absorbent Powders if it be thick and slimy diluting Medicines and gentle Astringents are convenient These Ingredients are prescrib'd in various Forms As Take of the mucilages of the Seeds of Quinces Clary and Fenugrec extracted with Celandin Water of each half an ounce Sugar of Lead twelve grains With Fennel or Eye-bright-water make a Collyrium Take of Plantan and Eye-bright-water of each an ounce prepar'd Tutty half a Scruple Camphyr five grains Saffron two grains Make a Collyrium to be us'd after the Small-Pox Take of Tormentil or Plantan-Water of each an ounce mix 'em with the White of an Egg and ten grains of Allum And apply it warm to the Eyes Take of the Glass of Antimony in Powder from ten to fifteen grains infuse 'em in three ounces of the Water of Frogs Spawn Let 'em stand all Night in a hot place Strain the Liquor in the Morning and add to it ten grains of the Sugar of Lead in fine Powder and six grains of Camphyr Take an Egg boil it hard and take out the Yelk putting into its place six grains of the Sugar of Lead eight grains of white Vitriol two grains of Camphyr and half an ounce of the Hony of Roses When they 're melted squeeze out the Liquor and drop it into the Eye especially when the Rheum is slimy and apt to make the Eye-lids stick togethet Take of Rose-water and Plantan-water of each two ounces Night-shade-water an ounce white Vitriol a scruple dissolve and strain then add a scruple of prepar'd Tutty Make a Collyrium in which dip a Clout and apply it warm to the Eyes about the height of the Distemper Take of the Ointment Diapompholigos and that of Tutty of each two drams prepar'd Pearl Coral Crabbs-Eyes Tutty and Sugar of Lead of each a Scruple Camphyr twelve grains Leaves of Gold and Silver of each four Make an Ointment With which anoint the lower part of the Eye-lids and put about the bigness of a Lentil into the corner of the Eye Take of sweet Apples roasted three in number boil them in Eye-bright-water 'till they be soft beat their Pulp thro' a sieve and add of prepar'd Tutty two Drams Camphyr ten grains Saffron four grains Make a Cataplasm for allaying the Pain and Heat Take of fresh Butter half an ounce Sugar of Lead prepar'd Tutty and Calaminar stone of each a scruple Camphyr a grain Make a Liniment for anointing the Eye-lids in a dry Inflammation A serous Inflammation is cur'd by extracting the external Objects that disturb the Eye or correcting the Acrimony of the Lymph or strengthening the Glandules For the first purpose we apply to the Eye a Crabs Eye making its hollow part to touch the apple of the Eye or a Seed of Clary or we make use of Instruments such as Hildanus recommends The Second Indication is accounted for in the Chapter of Catarrhs The Third is compass'd by moderat Astringents outwardly applied such as the Decoction of the Rinds of Pomgranats with Chamomil-Flowers especially after the Small Pox the infusion of Tormentil Roots and Allum in Plantan and Rose-water or of Tutty in Fennel-water the Powder of Citron Myrobalans infus'd three or four times in Rose-water and dry'd a-fresh every time the Liquor that flows from a Willow cut in the Spring the Decoction of dry'd Rue in
and its extravasation in the Cavities of the Body being already dispatch'd it remains now to account for its effusion out of the Body The causes of which are either 1. An Anastomosis or spontaneous dis-joining of the Capillary Vessels and especially of the Arteries whose Blood in all natural bleedings runs by drops as depending upon the successive Pulsation of the Artery whereas that of the Veins which for the most part never burst without a violent cause runs with a constant and united Stream 2. A Diaeresis or Breaches violently made in the Vessels by external cutting pricking or bruising Instruments by Coughing Neesing Vomiting or Crying by excessive Joy Grief and vehement Passions of the Mind especially in the flux of the Terms by the Assumption or Inspiration of sharp corrosive things Such as Hellebor violent Purgatives Suppositories c. and lastly by sharp corrosive Humors incorporated with the Blood which both fret the Blood and gnaw its Vessels especially in scorbutical Constitutions the Fibres of whose Vessels are lank and weak Some Authors assign yet a third Cause of Bleeding viz. A 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Transudation of the Blood thro' its Vessels but 't is not accountable that any Liquor so thick as Blood should sweat through the strong touch Coats of the Vessels especially those of the Arteries without a breach or Anastomosis 'T is true the thin Serum may glide thro' sometimes but the Consistence of the Blood robs it of that Priviledge The remote Causes of an Anastomosis are 1. A true Plethora or redundancy of Blood as in the suppression of the Terms c. 2. An apparent Plethora or the Ebullition of the Blood obliging it to distend its Vessels as in Feavers and the Small Pox or when Persons drink much Generous Wine or eat Aromatic Food or imploy themselves in any extraordinary exercise of the Body This ebullition is most apt to cause a bursting of the Vessels in fat Persons by reason that their Vessels are straiten'd by the incumbent Fat 3. The thinness and serosity of the Blood which at once unbends the Fibres and qualifies the Blood for making a Passage thro' ' em In this case the Blood when it runs out appears thin and pale whereas in other cases 't is brisk and florid This serosity of the Blood was by the Ancients charged to the Liver as being tardy in its Office of sanguification but as our later Anatomists have justly imploy'd the Liver for other uses so the imperfect Digestion in the Stomac and fermentation of the Chyle in the Duodenum will naturally account for the want of consistence in the Blood 4. The Convulsive Contractions of the Coats of the Vessels especially the Arteries which by straitening one Branch occasion the extraordinary distention of the next Thus splenetic Persons are liable to vomiting of Blood because the Artery in the Spleen denies a free admission to the Blood and the obstruction of the Blood in the Head is frequently remov'd by bleeding at Nose 5. The Convulsive Contraction of the Parts incompassing the Blood-Vessels which are apt to straiten the Vessels especially the Veins that are least able to resist their force Critical and customary effusions of Blood or such as follow the suppression of a wonted Evacution are not to be stopp'd without they exceed measure When a Bleeding is attended by a sensible pulsation of some adjacent Artery 't is a sign that it proceeds from the Compression or Contraction of that Artery Bleedings at Nose are usher'd in by a giddiness redness of the Eyes involuntary Tears tingling of the Ears itching of the Nose a hard Pulse a violent Pain and sensible pulsation of the Arteries in the Head and Neck A flux of Blood from the Wind-pipe is introduc'd by a Cough and difficult Respiration That from the Womb by the distention weight and heat of the Abdomen and Loins happening about the menstrual period and that from the Haemorrhoid Veins by a Pulsation in the Hypocondria Back and Loins and a Tumor and Pain in the Veins with a Tenesmus As for the Prognostic a Diaeresis is worse than an Anastomosis and Bleedings from external Causes are more favourable than those from internal In Melancholic and Phlegmatic Constitutions especially when the Bleeding renders the Face Limon-colour'd or is follow'd by Convulsions and Swoonings it prognosticates Dropsies Consumptions c. As for Cure The various causes must be remov'd by proper Medicines a Plethora by Bleeding Scarifying and a thin Diet The Ebullition of the Blood by such Medicines as temper a volatil Acid as Vinegar Spirit of Vitriol Nitre dissolv'd in Water the Tincture of the Flowers of Dasies the Sugar of Lead the Antiphthisical Tincture Coral seal'd Earth Purslain Plaintain Opium Camphyr c. The serosity of the Blood by thickening Ingredients and such as evacuate Serum either by Stool Urine or Sweat The Convulsive Contractions of the Blood-Vessels by Chalybeats The sharpness of Blood by temperat Medicines such as Milk Raisins Steel c. The Corrosion of the Vessels by vulnerary Astringents The Laxity of the Parts by corroborating things such as Ass-Dung the Ankle of a Hogg Crollius his Powder Sperniola Opium Steel c. However we ought to observe 1. That Bloodletting is only proper when the Blood abounds or boils too high and 't is better to bleed often for Revulsion Derivation and Aversion than to draw forth much at once Sometimes Ligatures and Cupping-Glasses applied at a convenient distance from the Part are not amiss 2. That Purgatives are only proper when the Blood is too serous and in that case especially if it be accompanyed by a Feaver Diaphoretics mix'd with Opiats are of good use as being apt to thicken the Blood after the Swelling is over tho' in the time of swearing they rather attenuate and dissolve it 3. Opiats are good in all Cases From these Premises we infer that the internal Medicines that are proper against Bleeding are the vulnerary Astringents absorbent Powders especially Steel which is both Astringent and Anti-acid to a notable Degree Diureticks and Purgatives in serous Cases and temperat Ingredients especially Raisins and Milk for mitigating the sharp Humours The Medicines which jointly answer these ends are either of the Vegetable Mineral or Animal Families Those of the Vegetable Province are Plantan Purslain the Syrups of Comfrey Ground-Ivy and Myrtle-berries the Syrup made of the Juice of the Root of Bastard Acorus with Sugar The fresh Juice of the common stinging Nettle given to two or three Ounces the Moss of Man's Skull given to a scruple or half a dram in the Water of Shepherds Purse with the Syrup of Coral Mastic Sarcocol Amber Frankincense Raisins Camphyr Opium and Rhubarb which not only evacuats the Serum but corrects the crasis of the Blood Dragon's Blood if it be Genuin is very proper but since 't is generally adulterated with some noxious stuff we ought to avoid it The Mineral Province presents us with Coral Bole Armenic Nitre
Spirit of Vitriol Sugar of Lead the Powder of Blood-stone mix'd with Vinegar or the Juice of Pomgranats the Vitriol of Steel mix'd with Sugar of Lead Hartman's Astringent Extract of Steel given to nine Grains the Spaw-waters or in want of them the solar Liquor of steel and above all the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol prepar'd thus Take of the Native Genuin Vitriol of Steel that 's void of all Copper and dissolve it in Water if the Vitriol be not genuin put the filings of Steel into the Water and 't will precipitat the Copper and then the strain'd Liquor being thicken'd will yield the genuin Vitriol of Steel when the Vitriol is dissolv'd in Water pour into it the Oyl of Tartar per Deliquium or the Lie of the Salt of Tartar and 't will precipitat an Astringent Crocus of Steel which ought to be frequently dulcifi'd with Water and dry'd then dissolv'd in the Spirit of Nitre and after the Spirit of Nitre is drawn off the Caput Mortuum digested with rectin'd Spirit of Wine gives the Tincture which is of admirable use against all Bleedings Its Dose is thirty or forty Drops in a convenient Vehicle The Animal Province affords us burnt Hartshorn Unicorn's-Horn the Powder of green Frogs the Water of Frogs spawn Crollius's Sperniola given to fifteen Grains the Juice of Asses and Hog's Dung mix'd with the Juice of Nettles or with Sugar in the form of a Syrrup or their Powders with the Powder of the Dung of a Dog that 's wont to gnaw Bones and the Powder of the Blood that comes forth in Bleeding it being dry'd and given to a Dram in some proper Vehicle The Forms of Recipe's are as follows Take of the Extract of Flowers viz. of Red Roses Red Poppies and Dasies infus'd in Water in order to be strain'd or thicken'd for an Extract three drams Ivory and Sea-Horse-Teeth of each half a dram prepar'd red Coral a dram prepar'd Blood-stone two scruples with the Syrup of Red Poppies make an Electuary for allaying the Heaâ— and Turgescence of the Blood Take of the Pulp of Raisins three ounces choice Rhubarb and prepar'd Red Coral of each a dram and a half Ivory prepar'd without Fire a dram Sea-Horse-Teeth half a Dram Extract of Steel prepar'd with the Juice of Apples three Drams With the Syrup of Red Roses make an Electuary Of which take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening for correcting the serosity of the Blood Take of Plantan Water three Ounces Cinnamon-water three Drams Vinegar of Wine half an Ounce Astringent Crocus of Steel half a dram seal'd Earth a scruple Laudanum Opiatum three grains Syrup of Myrtles three drams Mix and exhibit a spoonful or two frequently for correcting the sharpness of the Blood and Humours For the Bleedings in Malignant Feavers we add Alexipharmacal Ingredients If a Bleeding be causâ—d by Cantharides we exhibit Milk and the Decoctions of Raisins Isinglass and Misletoe of the Oak with Gum Arabic Tragacanth c. Take of the Juice of Fresh-Asses Dung Syrup of Purslain and that of Myrtle-Berries of each half an Ounce Plantan Water an Ounce Mix for a Draught After the Bleeding is thus stopp'd we exhibit such Medicines as dissolve and evacuat clotted Blood especially if it proceeded from an internal part In the mean while we use likewise external Medicins viz. Such as either cement the Vessels by their gluy Vertue as the Whites of Eggs Mastic Aloe Beans and a living Pigeon or Hen cut up and applied to the Part whose Blood curdles upon the orifice of the Vessels and shuts 'em or such as wring the Vessels by their austerity or imbibe the Blood and stick close to the Orifices of the former sort are Vitriol Vinegar c. Of the latter are Bole Armenic seal'd Earth Allum Potters-Clay mix'd with Vinegar c. In general the French Styptic Liquor which is nothing else but the solution of Allum and half its quantity of the Vitriol of Steel in a proper Vehicle and Tulpius's compound Powder of Bole Armenic Quicklime burnt Vitriol burnt Allum Blood-stone Aloes Dragons Blood Lemnian Earth Crocus of Steel Mummy Mastic and â—rankincense these I say are generally approv'd for external use in all Bleedings ART 1. Of Bleeding at the Nose and Gums THE small Arteries inserted into the Membrane of the Nostrils are liable to frequent Bleedings as being relaxated by prevailing moisture The Symptoms and Causes of this Bleeding are related above If it be very copious and unwonted or unseasonable it prognosticates the Disorders of the Spirits in Acute Diseases especially about the height 't is an ill Omen but in the beginning of the small Pox or when it follows a Deafness after the height of a Feaver 't is not ill In the Disorders of the Liver or Spleen if the Nostril of the same side with the Part affâ—cted void Blood 't is well if that of the opposite side 't is a bad Symptom according to Hippocrates In regulating the Method of Cure we must have a particular regard to the various Causes viz. the redundancy turgescence serosity or sharpness of the Blood and single out proper Medicines according to the Directions given for Bleedings in general To which we shall only add this one Observation that in habitual Bleedings at Nose fresh Mint or its Juice taken frequently is of singular use Externally we endeavour to divert and appease the Spirits to curb the turgescence of the Blood and to shut the Orifices of the Vessels For compassing the first Design we use painful Ligatures Frights Caustics appli'd to the remote parts cold things suddenly apply'd to the Scrotum or Breast a dry'd Toad hung under the Armpits or tied to the Forehead or its Powder applied to the Nostrils a Blood-stone or genuin Jasper held in the Hand 'till it become warm Ash-wood applied to the Nostrils c. For the second end we sometimes Bleed by way of Revulsion and Derivation or apply scarifying Cupping-Glasses to the Neck or to the Calf of the Leg those which the Antients order'd for the Liver and Spleen being very dangerous and of no use Cataplasms of Fullers Earth and Vinegar and Epithema's of the Juice of House-leek Vinegar Nitre and Camphyr or of Soot Vinegar and the Whites of Eggs or of Allum Frogs Spawn and Vinegar being applied to the Fore-head Temples Crown of the Head Nape of the Neck Scrotum in Men and the Breasts in Women are of admirable efficacy for appeasing the tumultuous Motions of the Blood As for the third Indication of shutting the Orifices of the Vessels we blow into the Nostrils the Powder of Allum or Vitriol mix'd with Painters Lac or apply it with a Tent dipp'd into the White of an Egg or into the Juice of Hoggs-Dung mix'd with Juice of Plantan The Powder of Hoggs-Dung and that of Toads are very proper for the same use as likewise the Phlegm of Vitriol writing Ink the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol Soot taken from the
bottom of a Kettle and mix'd with the Powder of the Blood that runs from the Nostrils the French Styptic Liquor or a solution of Allum and Vitriol of Steel in Plantan-Water and above all the rectifi'd Spirit of Wine The Gums are also very liable to Bleedings occasion'd by the laxity of their Substance or the Corrosion of sharp scorbutical spittle or the drawing of a Tooth or by the general Causes of other bleedings If their bleeding be periodical customary or critical it ought not to be stop'd If it be caus'd by the drawing of a Tooth apply the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol with Cotton and gargle the Mouth with the Decoction of Tormentil and Snakeweed-roots with Galls and White Poppy-seeds in Water mixing it with Bole-Armenic Allum and a little Vinegar Sometimes the Spirit of Salt mix'd with Water is useful for washing the Mouth But when every other thing proves ineffectual an actual Cautery is the surest Remedy Scorbutical Bleedings are accounted for elsewhere ART 2. Of a spitting of Blood THE Blood that is evacuated by spitting may either proceed from the Stomac of which elsewhere or from the Palat Nostrils and Gums as was related in the last Article or from the Organs of Respiration viz. the Wind-pipe Bronchia or Lungs in which case the Disease is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hemoptysis or a spitting of Blood and is the subject of this Paragraph The general Causes are already accounted for The particular Causes are 1. The Rupture of some Vessel in the Breast occasion'd by a redundancy of Blood suppression of the Terms or Piles violent Crying bearing heavy Burdens Falls Blows vehement Coughing or immoderat Laughter 2. The Corrosion of the Vessels in the Breast especially in the Lungs occasion'd by the Inspiration of Mineral Sulphureous steams or by a sharp Lymph reigning in the Body as in the small Pox or when a sordid Ulcer is unseasonably dry'd To these we may add the accidental swallowing of Leeches and immoderat Bathing A Spitting of Blood is of it self manifest But to trace out the part from whence it proceeds is a piece of Difficulty For this end the Physician ought to weigh the antecedent Causes such as excessive Crying Falls Bruises of the Breast and violent Coughs which generally arraign the Lungs while other Causes are apt to affect other parts Besides the Circumstances attending the Evacuation will give some further light into the Matter as if the Blood be clotty if it be voided without Coughing or much Hauking and that in small quantities then it proceeds from the Palat Gums Throat c. and not from the Breast If it be copiously voided with a Cough that not only accompanies but precedes the evacuation and makes a hollow Noise then it comes from the Wind-pipe or Lungs and if the respiration be difficult if the Blood be florid thin and frothy as being rarify'd by the Air and if a pain beset the lower part of the Breast it certainly takes its rise from the Lungs If the Blood be black clotty and thick and voided with a Cough and hollow Noise it springs from the Veins in the Cavity of the Breast As for the Prognostic A Spitting of Blood from the Lungs is most dangerous and apt to degenerat into a Phthisic or Ulcer of the Lungs especially if it took its rise from the Corrosion of a sharp Humor If it be only a Symptom of another Disease as of a Pleurisie Peripneumonia c. it is not so dangerous as when it stands upon its own Legs If a Spitting of Blood occasion'd by a suppression of wonted evacuations or by the Turgescence of Blood be unseasonably stop'd it degenerats into a Peripneumonia or Consumption The Cure is perform'd in the Paroxysm by removing the cause appeasing and thickening the Blood and repairing the losses of the Vessels out of the Paroxysm the clotty Blood remaining in the Breast ought to be discuss'd and the Lungs strengthen'd Now in order to answer these Indications let 's mind the following Rules 1. When a Spitting of Blood is caus'd by the Corrosion of sharp humors Blood-letting is improper in some other cases it may be serviceable but regard must still be had to the Rules of Revulsion and Aversion as if it proceed from the suppression of the Piles or Terms a Vein must be open'd in the Leg When it arises from the suppression of a customary Bleeding at Nose the vein of the Fore-head or that under the Tongue is the proper place 2. Purgatives are highly pernicious But Diuretics and Diaphoretics are very useful 3. Internal Astringents ought not to be us'd before the Blood be turn'd off for fear of imprisoning the Blood in the Breast and so causing a Suffocation or Peripneumonia 4. All external Astringents and cold things applied to the Breast are more apt to enflame than mitigat the Disease 5. Opiats are always safe and useful but such of 'em as are very hot as Venice Treacle Mithridat c. are not so proper as Laudanum Opiatum and especially Henbane Seeds which are unanimously approv'd both by the ancient and modern Writers Hence an Electuary of Henbane and white Poppy Seeds with Coral Blood-stone and the stale Conserve of Roses is of excellent use However the safest way is to give but a small quantity of Henbane Seeds at a time and repeat the Doses oftner because they are very Narcotic and apt to cause Madness 6. In all Compositions we ought still to have an Eye upon the corrosive sharpness of the Humors for tempering which we use the same Medicines as were recommended against Bleedings in general especially Plantan Purslain and Comfrey their Decoctions Juices and Syrups for their Waters have no astringent force The Decoction Syrup and Conserve of Ground Ivy a noble Pectoral the Juice of Nettles the stale Conserve of red Roses Diascordium the Troches of Amber which at once temper sharp humors dissolve clotty Blood and stop its Flux The Oyl of Linseed given by Spoonfuls the Oyl of Vitriol when there 's no apprehension of a Phthisic the Juice express'd from Quinces boyl'd in Water till they be soft given to two or three Spoonfuls three or four times a Day the Decoction it self being mix'd with that of Barly or Corants for ordinary Drinking Mice Dung given to a dram twice a Day with the Juice of Plantan and Sugar the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol Bloodstone the Antiphthisical Tincture Mynsichtius's Species Diaplantaginis c. 7. When the Paroxysm is over we ought to add dissolving and expectorating Medicines such as Sperma Ceti Diaphoretic Antimony Crabs Eyes with Vinegar Oyl of Amber Oxymel of Squills c. 8. In the last place the Lungs ought to be fortify'd by Vulnerary Balmy Medicines As for external Applications some apply a dry'd Toad under the Arm-pits some trust to the Sympathetic Powder of Vitriol and others choose to wet or wash the Testicles with Rose Vinegar and that with good success Take of the Conserve
of Ground Ivy and that of Comfrey of each an ounce Conserve of Roses an ounce seal'd Earth impregnated with spirit of Vitriol providing the Lungs are not corroded two scruples prepar'd Blood-stone a scruple Troches of Amber a dram Laudanum Opiatum six grains With the Syrup of Comfrey make an Electuary Of which take the Quantity of a Nutmeg twice a day Take of Plantan Purslain and Chervil Waters of each an ounce Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol a dram Troches of Amber two scruples Crollius's Sperniola fifteen grains Laudanum Opiatum five grains Fernelius's Syrup of Comfrey and the Syrup of Purslain of each half an ounce Make a Potion The Spaw Waters Milk and the vulnerary Decoctions are us'd as preservatives SECT XIX Of Diseases relating to the Alterations of the Blood in the Spleen Liver and Kidneys AS the Blood visits the Bowels for their nourishment so it is variously alter'd according to the Nature of every Bowel In the Spleen 't is impregnated with a Volatil sour Ferment that prepares and qualifies its parts for separation in the Liver 't is separated from the Bile which is convey'd thence in t othe Gut either directly thro' the Ductus Hepaticus or after some stay in the Gall-bag thro' the Ductus Cysticus Now there are several Cases in which this separation is lamely perform'd viz. When the Animal Spirits are exhausted or disorder'd or the innate Spirits of the respective Bowel vitiated or when Inflammations or Tumors invade the Part as in Chronical Diseases not as if the Obstructions or Tumors of the Spleen or Liver were the Causes of Chronical Distempers but only as being their effects or at least troublesome Companions that ought to be accounted for in the Cure of those Distempers it being generally compass'd by Chalybeats or such Medicines as conquer an Acid and clear the first Passages which are the Original Source of all Obstructions In the Kidneys the Blood being carry'd thither by the Emulgent Arteries is dissolv'd by a lixivious Ferment and its Serum laden with acid and urinous Salts invelop'd with Oily Particles is strain'd thro' the small Fibres that convey it to the Corpus Papillare from whence it sweats through into the Pelvis and passing thro' the Ureters and Bladder is voided under the name of Vrine If the Salts of the Urine be exactly united together they entitle it to transparency if their mixture be unequal it is muddy or crude and betokens the unequal temperature of the Salts in the Blood But so soon as the Blood has conquer'd the prevailing heterogeneous Salt that over-match'd and disturb'd the Harmony of the rest then the Urine precipitats 'em as a Sediment and becomes clear In perfect Health it contains nothing but these Salts incorporated with Oyl and a serous Vehicle but when the Chyle is not elaborat or perfectly digested then its Crudities and the Sulphureous vicious Salts occasion'd by them are voided with the Serum and impart to it a high or flat Tincture according to the various Exaltation of the Salts and their mixture with Sulphur CHAP. I. Of Distempers relating to the separation of Serum in the Kidneys ART 1. Of an Ischuria in the Kidneys or a suppression of Vrine arising from the want of a due Separation in the Reins THE Causes of an Ischuria in the Kidneys relate either to the Blood or the Kidneys The former are the Redundancy of the Blood or its vicious thickness and the close Cohesion of its Parts occasion'd by Acid or viscous Lymph and an imperfect Fermentation as in Feavers before the Height in Chronical Diseases obstructions of the Bowels c. The latter relating to the Kidneys are 1. The Obstruction of their Passages occasion'd by clotted Blood as in the case of a Fall Purulent Matter either residing there or convey'd thither from other Ulcers viscid tough Humors a Stone in the Kidneys external cold contracting the Fibres nephritic Tumors c. 2. The Paralytic Laxity of the Fibres occasion'd by a weakness or deficiency of Spirits by preceding Wounds or Ulcers by the disorders of their Nerves the dislocation of the Vertebrae of the Back c. 3. The Convulsive Contractions of the Fibres which are frequently occasion'd in one Kidney by a Stone in the other thro' the correspondence of the Nerves 4. The flatness of the Ferment in the Kidneys or its degeneracy from a volatil salin Acrimony as in Dropsies Cachexies c. A Suppression of Urine arising from the default of the Kidneys is distinguish'd from that in the Bladder by a sense of weight about the Loyns the insufficiency of a Catheter for procuring Urine and the absence of a Tumor or pain about the Pubes or Perinaeum sometimes 't is attended by stinking Sweats or such as smell like Urine a stinking Breath Anxieties in the Breast Vomiting an universal Benummedness Epileptic Symptoms and Tumors of the Abdomen and Legs If the Urine before the suppression was thick and muddy with a copious slimy Sediment the Body being universally infested with tough coarse Humors then the suppression is caus'd by Slime stopping the Passages If the Urine before the suppression was Bloody or if a Blow Fall or violent Riding occasion'd it then clotted Blood is the immediat Cause If the Urine was mix'd with Purulent Matter or if any considerable Bowel be ulcerated the Obstruction is caus'd by the corrupt Matter If the Urine was voided without any other remarkable Symptom than that of losing its wonted Smell and Taste the Ferment is faulty An Ischuria in the Kidneys is worse than that in the Bladder If it be attended by Symptoms disturbing the Breast 't is very dangerous If the Urine force its Passage before the Seventh day it affords a comfortable Prediction tho' not infallible especially if the Blood and solid Parts be much corrupted Some Instances there are of a total suppression of Urine for ten fourteen or twenty Days that was cur'd but these are unfrequent besides they are generally attended by a perpetual Sweating Vomiting or some notable evacuation of Serum otherwise they would prove Mortal If a suppression of Urine be free from pain it proceeds from the Paralytic Laxity of the Fibres and is always Mortal The Cure varys according to the Difference of the Causes In general gentle Laxatives mix'd with Diuretics and Turpentin Clysters are proper as being apt not only to irritat the Guts but to promote Urine If the Obstruction be caus'd by clotty Blood Madder Sperma Ceti Crabs Eyes mix'd with Vinegar Chervil Ground Ivy St. John's-wort especially its Seed and above all the volatil Salt of Amber are proper Ingredients If the Obstruction be occasion'd by Purulent Matter we exhibit the Balsam of Sulphur prepar'd with Oyl of Turpentin the Essence of Agrimony Juice of Ground Ivy and such like vulnerary Medicines If a slimy humor beset the Kidneys we must first evacuat the slimy Crudities by Laxatives before we attempt to use Diuretics for fear they should augment the Evil as
all Bleedings viz. Either an Anastomosis or Diaeresis The former is caus'd by the laxity of the Pores of the Reins violent Motion Jumping Falls excessive Venery violent Diuretics and a redundancy of Blood in the Body The latter by sharp corrosive Humors as in maligant Feavers the Small Pox and the Scurvy or by the application of Spanish Flies without mixing and tempering them with Acids by the Stone Ulcers c. The bloody Urine is distinguish'd from that which is only tinctur'd by Salts by its thick intransparent Consistence and a red blackish Sediment like clotted Blood at the bottom of the Urinal When the Blood proceeds from the Kidneys or Bladder a heavy or gnawing pain besets those parts When the Blood is plentiful and well mix'd with the Urine and is not curdled but liquid when it falls to the bottom it comes from the Kidneys When the Blood is scarce unequally mix'd voided with Pain and gives a clotty Sediment it takes its rise from the Bladder If the Blood be voided without the Urine or fall to the Bottom immediately upon making of Water it proceeds only from the Vrethra If a sharp Urine be voided with a sharp gnawing biting Pain and if a strangury or difficulty of making Water went before the flux of blood is caus'd by the Corrosion of the Vessels If it proceed from Cantharides the Person is molested with an eternal erection of the Yard If it proceed from the corrosion or ulceration of the Bladder 't is very dangerous but that from the corrosion or weakness of the Reins is yet more such For Cure the Causes must be enquir'd after and remov'd after the same method as in spitting of Blood A redundancy of blood admits of bleeding The sharpness of the Serum prohibits both that and Purgation Rhubarb indeed may be allow'd as being an Alterative and Fortifyer of the Reins as well as a Laxative Sylvius's Mixture of Coral Dragons-blood Laudanum and Syrup of Myrtles with Vinegar and Plantan and Cinnamon-water is a general prescription for all Haemorrhagia's However the Acrimony of the Urine ought always to be accounted for by the Juice of Plantan or Purslain or the Syrup of the Juice of Comfrey and that of Plantan Leaves the Decoction of Ground-Ivy or the following Decoction Take of the Herbs Agrimony and Yarrow the tops of St. John's Wort and the Moss of Bullace-Trees of each a handful Comfrey-Roots two ounces St John's-wort-Seeds two three or four drams boil 'em in Chalybeat Milk or Whey or Black-Smith's Water sweeten the strain'd Decoction with the Syrup of Comfrey and add to every Draught Crabs Eyes dissolv'd in Vinegar The Decoction of Ground-Ivy or Ground-Pine Sheep's Milk exhibited to four ounces with a dram of Bole-Armenic Amber and especially its Troches given to a dram with half a dram of Bole-Armenic and a little Vinegar in Plantan-water or with Crabbs Eyes and Sugar of Lead the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol the Antiphthisical Tincture prepar'd Blood-stone exhibited with Milk especially when the Disease is caus'd by Cantharides and the Emulsions of milky Seeds are all very proper and ought to be frequently interlac'd with Laudanum Opiatum To these we add vulnerary Ingredients especially the Juice or Powder of River-Crabbs and Turpentin either given in Pills with Rhubarb or dissolv'd with the Yelk of an Egg in some convenient Vehicle The Spirit and Oyl of Turpentin are too sharp If the Bladder be ulcerated we may inject the Troches of Amber mix'd with Plantan Water or the Juice of Plantan with the Powder of Blood-stone When the Pissing of blood is over we ought to dissolve the clotty Blood that may remain in the Bladder with Amber and its Productions CHAP. II. Of Diseases relating to the Expulsion of Vrine from the Bladder ART 1. Of a total suppression of Vrine arising from its stay in the Bladder THE Urine being separated in the Kidneys is convey'd through the Ureters to the Bladder and when its distending quantity or its sharpness provokes the Bladder to Contractions is voided thro' the Vrethra This natural Evacuation is suppress'd either thro' the default of the Bladder or of its Sphincter or of the Vrethra The Bladder is faulty when its Fibres are heedless and stupid as in Malignant Feavers or relaxated and unable to contract it This may be occasion'd by staying long in cold Water by Wounds Blows Bruises in the lower part of the Back or any Injury done to the Nerves of the Part by an excessive quantity of Urine forcibly retain'd in the Bladder by Worms Ulcers Inflammations Tumors c. in the Bladder and adjacent parts and by the remissness of the Muscles of the Abdomen which ought naturally to press its Fibres The Sphincter is faulty when it shuts the Orifice as being constantly contracted 'T is provok'd to such Contractions by Cholic and Nephritic Pains Scorbutical Pains in the Abdomen and the Application of Spanish Flies The Vrethra or Passage which leads from the Bladder is faulty when Inflammations Tumors or Venereal Excrescences beset the Neck of the Bladder Prostratae or Perinaeum or when 't is block'd up by a Stone clotty Blood or viscous glutinous Humours occasion'd by using Diuretics immediately after eating before the Chyle be transform'd or by giving bad Milk to New-born Children who are naturally liable to that Symptom The Symptoms of this Distemper are these When the Bladder is over-distended by a large quantity of Urine the Person is molested with a grievous pain and vain desire of making Water and the suppression is difficult to cure when the Bladder is Paralytic 't is insensible of Pain or of any Provocation to evacuat when the urinary Passage is obstructed a painful Tumor appears in the Pubes and is exasperated by touching If clotty Blood cause the Obstruction 't is discover'd by preceding Falls Bruises pissing of Blood c. If glutinous Humors block up the Way antecedent Causes and Slime voided with the Urine will give us to know it If a suppression of Urine in the Bladder be free of all Pain and attended by a Tenesmus and Hiccough it prognosticates Death That from a Schirrus in the Neck of the Bladder or adjacent parts is not easily cur'd The Cure is vary'd according to the Causes If the Bladder be Paralytic and insensible we give inwardly Cephalic Medicines especially the Elixyr and distill'd Oyls of Juniper the distill'd Oyl of Amber or that of Turpentin the Brains of Magpies c. and inject Clysters first of emollient Ingredients and afterward of Centory Coloquintida c. Or we administer gentle Purgatives and order the Person to keep in his Breath and squeeze the Abdomen If these methods be ineffectual we open the Passage with a Catheter or rather a Wax Candle anointed with Hony and Oyl of sweet Almonds When the Bladder is empty'd we inject the Decoction of Sage Penny-royal wild Marjoram Calamint Rue Castor c. in Wine and foment the External Parts with a Spunge or apply
of Spirits From whence ensues the variety of the animal or sensitive Phaenomena's 2. That the Brain and Spirits have a peculiar dependance upon the Moon and upon that account the Diseases of the Head encrease or diminish in proportion to its Age. The Spirits when disorder'd are more sensible of this Influence than in their natural State 'T is true the Sun has some Ascendant over our Bodies but that properly relates to the vegetable and vital Functions the Animal Province being more peculiarly allotted to the Moon 3. That there is an admirable Sympathy betwixt the Brain and the Bowels especially the Stomac An ungrateful Imagination disturbs the Stomac and Vomiting and Giddiness do equally give rise to one another The Disorders of the Stomac and lower Belly have a visible Influence upon the Fancy as in the case of Hysteric or Hypocondriac Fits and the ridiculous Appetites of Women Helmont was very happy in this Observation and the practical Inferences he deduc'd from it but his Theoretic Conjectures are frivolous The reason why the Spirits and the Stomac do so sensibly affect one another seems to be this That the Mouth of the Stomac is the first part of all the Body that receives any sensible Impression in the Womb for so much as all Alterations in the Embryo must be produc'd by the Nourishment convey'd to the Stomac This establishes an early Correspondence betwixt it and the Spirits and lays the lasting Foundation of their future Intimacy 4. That the Spirits are liable to the same material Alterations with the Blood CHAP. I. Of immoderate Watchings WE are said to wake when the Spirits are distributed through the Organs of Sense and extend their Fibres On the contrary Sleep unbends the Fibres and imprisons the Spirits The Privation of which causes Disorders in the Body The immediate Cause of Watchfulness is a continued or violent Incursion of Spirits into the Organs of Sense The remote Cause barring some external Object must either be the Disorder of the animal Spirits or some defect in the Brain The Spirits are oft-times too nimble and moveable as in young People and such as feed high and drink generous Liquors The Heat of Summer or travelling in a hot Climat eating of Venison immoderat Care Study and the Passions of the Mind the accession of foreign heterogeneous Particles from malignant Distempers or drinking Tee and Cossee are the natural Causes of the Mobility and Disorder of the Spirits and consequently of Watchfulness As for the Brain Watchings will insue upon the Openness of its Pores occasion'd by a Dryness or want of Moisture to fill up the Intervals This may happen through Fasting or eating of sharp volatil Meats immoderat Venery Sweating smoaking Tobacco which tho it be an Opiat exhausts the Moisture of the Brain an unseasonable Use of purging Medicines or a Deficiency in the first Digestion which not only affects the Spirits by Consent but robs the Brain of its wonted Recruits in neglecting the regular distribution of the Chyle This Disease is manifest of it self As for Prognostics It infers a Weakness and Feebleness 'T is more sufferable in Youth than in a State of Manhood and among Men than among the Female Sex It portends ill in acute Distempers But in Chronical Diseases may be longer endur'd tho 't is oft-times follow'd by Phrensies Folly or Stupidity The Cure is perform'd by taking off the remote Causes If it be caus'd by the Inflammation and Impetuosity of the Blood a Vein must be open'd If the Blood be sharp and oppress'd with heterogeneous Particles Purgation and Sweating take place If it spring from the Disorder of the animal Spirits they must be reduc'd to Order by the use of pacific Medicines such as Opium or Laudanum opiatum or their Compounds Bartholetus commends the Essence of Opium prepar'd with Spirit of Vitriol or Spirit of Cockle Ens Veneris which consists of Vitriol and Salt Armoniac and likewise the Anodvn Sulphur of Vitriol are proper in this case But in using Opium we ought to observe these Causions Not to exhibit it when the Watchings are owing to the Efforts of Nature endeavouring a Solution of a Disease or when attended with a straitness in the Breast or difficulty of Breathing or when they proceed from the deficiency and want of Spirits as in old Men c. The mildest Opiats are the safest Let them be given in small Quantities and repeated often As Take of the Conserve of wild Poppy Flowers one Dram Venice Treacle or Diascordium half a Dram Laudanum Opiatum one Grain Make a Bolus Or Take of native Cinnabar fifteen Grains Saccharum Saturni eight Grains Laudanum Opiatum one or two Grains with the Extract of Saffron make Pills to be taken in the Evening about an hour before Supper The Seed of Thorn Apple is of excellent use in this case As for the Watchings which arise from the Dryness and Openness of the Brain moist and cooling Medicines are most proper such as Emulsions and other oily temperat Compositions Take of the four greater cold Seeds of each half an Ounce Garden Poppy Seeds two Drams sweet Almonds from two Drams to half an Ounce with a sufficient quantity of the Water of Water Lillies make an Emulsion Add of Cinnamom Water half an Ounce and sweeten it with Syrup of Poppies Or the Emulsion may be accommodated to whatever acute Distemper accompanies the Watchings as in a malignant Fever Take of sweet Almonds and Garden Poppy Seeds of each two Drams of the four greater cold Seeds of each a Dram With Viper Grass Water make an Emulsion sweeten it with pearl'd Sugar and add half an Ounce of Ciâ—namom Water and a Scruple of Bezoar Mineral It pacifies the Spirits and obviats the Malignity of the Distemper The Decoction of Barley with Poppies and Liquorice is much applauded And in general all moist nourishing milky chilous Medicines are very conducive in this caseâ— especially the Seed of Thorn Apple of the Fruit we make Pills thus Take of Thorn Apples six Pound bruise and boil them in twelve Pints of Lettice Water to eight Pints express the Decoction and digest it in the Sun sprinkle it with Spirit of Wine and set it to dry To an Ounce of the Juice thus thicken'd and dry'd add half an Ounce of Saffron and two Scruples of the Oil of Citron Peel Make a Mass for Pills Dose a Grain or two It procures Sleep and stops all Fluxes In the Watchings of old Men or such as proceed from a scarcity of Spirits or a frigid Crudity in the Stomac Opiats are inconvenient Comforting and aromatic Medicines are only proper Some give Opiat Clysters or Suppositories to procure Sleep but 't is a dangerous Method unless the Watchings be accompany'd with a Loosness or Pains in the Guts Besides the internal Use of moistening and quieting Medicines some apply them outwardly to the Forehead Temples Feet and Hands They foment and bathe the extreme Parts with the Decoctions of Anodyn and
Emollient Vegetables such as Camomile Night-shade Water-Lillies c. They apply Emulsions to the Forehead and Temples or Liniments made of the emollient Oils Sanctorius affirm'd that all these external Applications were of no use Primerosius was of the same Opinion CHAP. II. Of Excessive Sleep SLeep is accounted preternatural when the Spirits do not repair to the external Organs in their wonted Season but continue lock'd up within the Brain If a scarcity of Spirits and extreme Weakness occasion a shutting of the Eyes 't is not properly Sleep but Swooning As in the case of hysteric Fits and Weakness after Child-birth there first appears as it were a violent Inclination to sleep which presently terminates in Swoonings If the Sleep be so profound that the Person does not wake when jogg'd or call'd upon but remains destitute of all Sense and Motion except Respiration 't is call'd a Carus and if it proceed from any internal Cause is a sort of Apoplexy and requires the same Cure The external Causes are excessive Drinking smoaking Tobacco using Narcotic Medicines the Steams of sulphurous Minerals or fermenting Liquors or new Plaistering upon the Walls of the House and such like When the Person doats in his Sleep and readily answers upon a Call but continues sensless and presently drops asleep again 't is call'd a Sleeping Coma. If the Fancy be awake while the external Senses are shut up by Sleep and attended by frantic Outcries and irregular Motions of the Members of the Body 't is call'd a waking Coma which seldom comes alone but is generally follow'd by Phrensies and Convulsions and disappears upon their Removal Sometimes the strength of Imagination is such that while the Person is asleep he not only speaks and moves but gets up and walks about and attempts many fearful things that when awake he would shrink to think of This is rather a natural Infirmity than a proper Disease It is influenc'd by the Moon and seems to be near akin to Hypocondriac Melancholy If the sick Person be seiz'd with a sleepy Coma and withal a slow Feaver and a forgetfulness of what he does speaks or demands 't is call'd a Lethargy which is the only sleeping Distemper that requires Consideration in this place The immediat Cause is the dulness of the Spirits The remote Causes are 1st A Paucity of Spirits occasion'd by Bleeding Venery Watching Fatigue c. 2dly A watry or pituitous Humour separated from the Blood by the Glandules of the Brain that blocks up the Passages and drowns the Spirits Thus Children Hydropic and Arthritic Persons and those of a Phlegmatic moist Constitution are ofttimes obnoxious to this Distemper The Stone in the Kidneys or any thing that suppresses the evacuation of the Serum will give rise to a Lethargy 3dly Narcotic Medicines and sulphurous Liquors or poisonous Fumes which stupify the Spirits by making such alterations in the Humors of our Body as are apt to produce a Numness Thus the very Humors of our Body turn Narcotic and have the like influence upon the Spirits as new Wine by fermentation acquires a stupifying Quality which formerly it had not 4thly The stagnation of the Blood Contusions or Tumors in the Brain which compress the Spirits and straiten their Passages Sleep distinguishes these Distempers from all others The particular Symptoms that distinguish one sleepy Distemper from another may be gather'd from what is already said As for Prognostics Sleep in general is a bad Omen and is more or less to be suspected according to the degree of sleeping A Coma is very dangerous in the height of an acute Feaver If the Feaver intermit or be accompany'd by evacuations 't is less hazardous except it happen in the beginning A Lethargy generally brings Death in seven days If the sick Person survive the seventh day he recovers If 't is follow'd by evacuations by Stool by the Nostrils the Ears or salivating Glandules 't is a tolerable sign especially if the Feaver and other Symptoms relent If the Symptoms are heighten'd and the Body in the interim oppress'd by other Distempers especially those of the Head together with cold Sweats 't is a desperat Case A Phrensy preceding a Lethargy makes it mortal whereas if it follow after 't is a sign of Recovery If a Trembling succeed it portends ill If it come of its own accord without the impulse of an external Cause 't is mortal In the Method of Cure we must have regard to the remote Causes abovemention'd If a Lethargy proceed from a prevalency of serous or pituitous Humors in the Blood and consequently in the Brain Blood-letting is for the most part necessary both by way of Aversion Derivation and Revulsion It may be repeated according to the former strength of the Patient 'T is better to bleed often and draw forth but little at a time than to take it all at once In the beginning of a Lethargy from this Cause 't is not improper to inject the following Clyster Take of Wormwood lesser Centory and Rue of each a handful Pellitory Roots three Drams Pulp of Coloquyntida ty'd in a Bag from half a Dram to a Dram boil them in common Water To nine Ounces of the strain'd Liquor add Electuary of Hiera with Agaric one Ounce Ox Gall thicken'd a Dram Volatil Salt of Amber half a Dram and the yelk of one Egg or if you design to make it very sharp half a Dram of Sal-gem mix for a Clyster Or Take of Asarabacca or Tobacco Leaves the Herb Rue the Flowers of lesser Centory Flowers of Arabian Stechas of each half a handful Bryony and Gentian Roots of each half an Ounce Pulp of Coloquyntida ty'd in a Bag a Dram and a half boil them in common Water or human Urin in seventeen Ounces of the strain'd Liquor dissolve of Electuary of Hiera and Agaric one Ounce Ox Gall thicken'd a Dram Essence of Castor two Scruples make a Clyster Or Take of the Pouder of Hiera with Agaric a Dram and a half Mice Dung Ox Gall thicken'd of each a Dram with a sufficient quantity of Honey of Rosemary Flowers or Honey of Rue make a Suppository to be anointed with Oil of Myrrh or Coloquyntida If these prove ineffectual 't is proper to apply a blistering Plaister as Take of the Pouder of Spanish Flies from a Scruple to two Scruples Pouder of Euphorbium from half a Scruple to twelve Grains Castor in Pouder from fifteen Grains to a Scruple with half an Ounce or an Ounce of Capital Lees make a blistering Plaister to be appli'd to the pit of the Neck or behind the Ears or to the back of the Head or to the Arms or Legs 'T is a very effectual Medicine in this Case If the Patient reap any Benefit by these prescriptions then 't is time to prescribe Vomits and Purges The Antimonial Vomits are best As for purging Medicines Take of Castor two Scruples and prepar'd Scammony one Scruple mix for two Doses to be exhibited in Oxymel Or Take of Quercetanus's
Extractum Phlegmagogum from half a Scruple to a Scruple Castor half a Scruple Troches Alhandal two Grains Rosin of Jalap one two or five Grains With the Essence of Castor make Pills To which you may add some sweet Mercury Next to evacuating Medicines we exhibit the sharp Volatil Cephalics which dispel the serous Humour and disengage the Spirits such are Spirit of Salt Armoniac Spirit of Mustard Seeds Spirit of the Lilly Convally Salt of Amber and especially Castor The Decoction of Tee is much commended in all sleepy Distempers The sharpest Cephalic Medicines are best As Take of Marjoram and Rue Water of each an Ounce and a half Apoplectic Water six Drams Essence of Castor a Dram and a half Spirit of Soot two Scruples Syrup of Betony one Ounce Mix c. Or Take of the Spirit of Mother of Thyme Spirit of Citron Peel of each a Dram and a half Spirit of Human Blood one Dram Mix. Or Take of the Conserve of Sage Conserve of Rosemary and Lavender Flowers of each one Ounce the Pouder Dianthos a Dram and a half Pouder of Cubebs a Dram Mustard-seeds and Castor of each two Scruples with the Syrup of Piony Flowers make an Electuary If the Lethargy proceed from a narcotic Virulency that has seiz'd the Spirits then the Volatil Acids are most proper especially the Volatil spirit of Vitriol and the Volatil Spirit of Verdigreese They are given from twenty to thirty Drops in any convenient Vehicle to which Castor always ought to be added it being an admirable specific in these Cases When a Lethargy proceeds from this cause prescribe thus Take of black Cherry Water Mother of Thyme Water of each an Ounce and a half Myasichtus his Hysteric Vinegar or Vinegar of Squills half an Ounce Essence of Castor two Drams Oxymel of Squills six Drams mix c. Or Take of prepar'd Amber a Dram Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram Castor two Scruples make a Pouder for four Doses After the use of these Medicines the Cure may be compleated by the Sudorific decoctions of Woods c. Next succeed the sneezing and chewing Medicines which evacuate by the Mouth and Nose To this purpose are the sharp pointed irritating Medicines which ought always to be mix'd with Volatil Salts that so while the one irritates and provokes to an evacuation the other may penetrate and prepare the Humor As Take of Pouder of Tobacco Pouder of Lilly Convally of each a Dram white Hellebor Roots a Scruple Castor from twelve Grains to a Scruple distill'd Oil of Marjoram six drops make a Pouder to be blown into the Nostrils thro a Quill Or Take of white Hellebor Castor white Pepper of each a Scruple the distill'd Oils of Rue of Marjoram and Sage of each two drops mix and make a Pouder for the same Use This prescription was peculiar to Timaeus Or Take of Treacle of Andromachus two Drams Extract of Castor half a Scruple Pouder of Pellitory Roots one Scruple distill'd Oil of Amber six Drops mix and make a Medicine for cleansing the Palat. To these we add the external Remedies As Take of the distill'd Oil of Sage half a Dram the distill'd Oils of Castor and of Amber of each a Scruple mix and make an Oil with which anoint the Face and Temples Or Take of the distill'd Oils of Rue of Savory and of Mother of Thyme of each a Scruple Castor half a Scruple With a sufficient quantity of some convenient Balsam mix and reserve for Use Or Take of Swallow Water prepar'd with Castor two Ounces the Spirit of the Crystals of Verdigrease two Drams mix and foment the Face and Temples with iâ— Or Take of Vinegar of Rue two Drams Spirit of Verdigreese prepar'd with Sulphur two Drams Essence of Castor a Dram and a half mix and use as before Or thus Take of the Herbs Savory and Rue of each half a handful Zedoary half an Ounce Juniper-berries six Drams Laurel-berries half an Ounce Mustard Seeds and the Seeds of Water Cresses of each two Drams boil them in a sufficient quantity of Vinegar and foment the Face and Temples The Spirit of Vitriol and Vinegar applied to the Nostrils are of admirable use against feaverish Coma's As for the waking Coma's a Cataplasm of a fresh Horse Radish Root beat up with Rue Vinegar common Salt and a sufficient quantity of Lees may be applied to the Feet If the Lethargy proceed from Mercurial or Sulphurous Fumes c. let a Vomit be exhibited upon the first view then apply Vinegar and Castor to the Nose and likewise give it inwardly Or thus Take of Mint Water of Rue Water of Rue Vinegar of each an Ounce Essence of Castor six-Drams Syrup of Mint or of the Juice of Citrons one Ounce mix and let the Patient take a Spoonful often Where the immoderate Use of Opium causes a Lethargy Vinegar of Rue or of Squills or of Vitriol mix'd with Castor is a sovereign Remedy or if that prove ineffectual add Mustard Seed or Rocket Seeds or inject a Clyster of Spanish Wine If any sleepy Distemper ensue upon hard Drinking let a Vomit be first exhibited then foment the Forehead and Temples with Vinegar mix'd with the Juice of Smallage or apply the juice of Sengreen the greater with Vinegar and Nitre to the Scrotum Spirit of Salt Armoniac or of Soot are very serviceable in this Case Upon the whole the Remedies made use of in a Lethargy must be particularly appropriated to the Cause that produc'd it If it proceed from an external Cause Vomiting and the use of Vinegar with Castor will finish the Cure If it owe its Original to an internal Cause or be preceded by other Distempers the Cure must be vary'd according to the respective Indications There is a near resemblance betwixt these Distempers and what we call a Catalepsis in which the Patient is depriv'd of all Sense and Motion and seiz'd with a stiffness in his Members tho moveable by any external impulse and apt to remain in the posture they 're left in It is an uncommon Distemper and very surprising being accompany'd with a staring of the Eyes and distortion of the Countenance The Cause is the coagulation and fixedness of the Spirits it may remotely proceed from Cold suppression of the Terms Hypocondriac Fits Worms sulphurous Fumes and discontent of the Mind It is a dangerous Disease As for the Cure exhibit Antimonial Vomits and apply sharp Cataplasms or Suppositories Spirit of Wine is us'd in this Case both Internally and Externally SECT II. Of the Disorders of the external Senses EXternal Sense proceeds from the influence of outward objects upon the Organs where the Nerves are inserted The Animal Spirits ought naturally to bend and extend these Nerves so that when the outward Extremities are mov'd the same motion may readily be communicated to the Spirits in the Brain This secondary motion of the Spirits within occasion'd by the impulse from without is the foundation of internal Sense by
Diseases if the Urine remain crude and the Person is seiz'd with a Deafness it portends Doating If it be accompany'd with the signs of Concoction it signifies the Solution of the Disease If attended by a Perturbation of the Eyes a Heaviness in the Head and a Distention of the lower Belly it bespeaks a Bleeding at the Nose especially if the Patient be apt to rub it A Deafness succeeding to Doating is a better Circumstance than if it went before As for the Cure In acute Diseases it disappears upon the Solution of the Disease or if it continue longer is cur'd by Cupping behind the Ears or smoaking Tobacco or putting into the Ears a little Cotton dip'd in Aqua Anhaltina If it subsist by it self without any dependance upon other Distempers the Cure must be accommodated to the Cause that produces it If it arise from an Obstruction in the Passage occasion'd by the hardening of the Earwax or otherwise 't is cur'd by injecting the Juice or Essence of Wormwood or Child's Urine or the Spirit of Urine unrectify'd If it proceed from other internal Causes a tender regard must be had to the Drum and the hearing Nerve by preserving their due Order with Aromatic and Nervous Medicines In a Catarrhous case give internally what follows Take of the Essence of Rosemary Flowers of Saint John's Wort and of Sassafras of each two Drams mix c. Amber given inwardly or apply'd to the Ear in a little Cotton is an admirable Medicine for old People Mosch or Civet or Balsam of Peru diluted with Spirit of Wine or Origanum Water distill'd with Wine or the Water of Carduus Benedictus rectify'd by frequent Cohobation are all us'd externally the same way If Deafness be attended by a remarkable Heat in the Ears the Water that drops from one end of a piece of Ash-wood while t'other is put into the Fire or the Water of Ants or the Water distill'd from Flies or Magpy Water with Castor or the Juice of Radishes or of Onions mix'd with Oil of Amber and Oil of Bitter Almonds are all applauded Remedies and are to be us'd with Cotton or a Linnen Cloth Above all the penetrating Aromatics as Spirit of Treacle Essence of Wormwood and of Cloves c. are preferable Human Gall or the Galls of other Animals infus'd in Spirit of Wine are much commended Or Take of Ox's Gall and Spanish Wine of each equal Quantities distil from them a Liquor to be drop'd into the Ear or applied in Cotton or a Linnen Cloth Take of the Roots of black Hellebor half a Dram Roots of Aromatic Calamus two Scruples Pulp of Coloquintida a Scruple Bay Berries a Dram Cumin Seeds from two Scruples to two Drams and a half Cut and beat them small and infuse them in four Ounces of Spirit of Wine and use the strain'd Liquor as above or sharpen it with Essence of Amber All Preparations from Ants are of wonderful use in this case As Take of the Eggs of Ants one Ounce and six Galls of Hares beat them up with a double Quantity of Hony and then drop it into the Ear. Or Take twenty of the little white Worms that are found betwixt the Bark and Wood of an Oak-tree Let them boil in two Ounces and a half of the Oil of unripe Olives Then take the Root of Sowbread and cut it hollow Fill the hollow space with the Oil of these Worms and add of prepar'd Pellitory Roots and of the Roots of Aromatic Costus from half a Scruple to a Scruple Oil of Costus or of Rue as much as it can hold Close up the Root and roast it under the Ashes then bruise it in a Mortar and with force express the Juice and pour some Drops of it into the Ear every day for ten ays together Timaeus and Heertodius recommend it for an incomparable Remedy The Fat of Serpents or of Vipers or the Fat that drops from roasted Eels are proper in this case and may be mix'd with the Oil of Amber or Aniseeds Some commend a Fumigation of the Ears from a mixture of Sal Armoniac Oil of Tartar per Deliquium and a double quantity of Quicklime with common Water After the application of these external Remedies the Ear ought always to be stop'd with Cotton and Amber or Musk upon it and the Patient must lie upon the sound Ear that so the Virtue of the Medicines may penetrat the more Besides 't is to be remark'd that oily viscid Medicines are not so mild as those of a thin spirituous Substance and that they ought never to be applied till the Ear be purg'd and wip'd clean All Medicines thus applied must be just luke-warm and two or three Drops may always suffice for one time If Deafness come by Fits or depend upon a Catarrhous Disposition of the Brain just before the Invasion of the Paroxism 't is proper to apply to the Crown of the Head a Cloth dip'd in Apoplectic Spirits or Oils If it be occasion'd by a vehement Noise 't is not amiss to apply hot Bread from the Oven with Juniper and Bay-Berries baken into it Or Take of the Herbs Marjoram Sage Rosemary and the Flowers of red Roses of each half a handful Juniper Berries one Ounce Cumin Seeds half an Ounce chop and beat them small and stitch them into a Bag to be applied hot or wet with a convenient Vehicle A Fumigation receiv'd at the Ear from a Decoction of Filings of Steel with distill'd Vinegar and Cephalic Herbs or from the Flowers of Sulphur is much esteem'd After the Fumigation is over apply to the Ear distill'd Oil of Fennel with Cotton In Chronical or Catarrhous Cases the hot Baths are very proper both for Bathing and Pumping upon the Head An Issue cut in the Arm of the same side with the affected Ear is likewise very useful on this occasion If Deafness be caus'd by a Fall Contusion or external Violence distill'd Soubread Water is a proper Remedy and a Plaister made of equal Quantities of Tacamahac and Cerecloth of Betony may be applied to the Head shav'd Hot Urine taken from a hunted Hare is commended by some If any Obstruction or such like cause give rise to a Deafness 't is probable a Salivation procur'd by Mercury may be useful But 't is a desperate Cure and must be cautiously undertaken Thus I 've dispatch'd the first Branch of the Disorders of the Ear the next is when the Sense of Hearing remains and the Patient is molested with a tingling or noise in his Ears It proceeds from a preternatural Motion of the internal Air contain'd in the Cavity of the Ear which affects the Fibres of the Drum and so represents an imaginary Sound This Motion may be occasion'd by subtil foreign Fumes exhal'd from the Blood in the adjacent Arteries which disturb the Repose of the internal Air or by the Irritation or violent misplacing of the Drum from any internal or external Cause Convulsions of this Membran may be occasion'd by
Salt dry'd upon the Fire a quarter of that quantity Quilt them into a Bag to be fumigated with Gum Animi and applied to the Head Or Take of Millet Seeds tosted a handful common Salt dry'd over a Fire half a handful of Vervain or Betony or Elder Flowers and Chamomile Flowers of each half a handful Pouder of Rhodium Roots half an Ounce Sow them into a quilted Bag 'T is very proper for old Men as likewise blistering Plaisters 14. If the Headach be caus'd by external Accidents apply the following Plaister Take of the Gum Hedera or Elemi three Ounces Rosin half an Ounce Wax and Turpentin of each three Ounces Oil of Roses two Ounces and a half the Gum Animi dissolv'd in Vinegar two Ounces Juice of the Flowers of Ivy four Ounces Meal of Beans as much as sufficeth to make a Plaister The Ointment of Alabaster or Hartman's Bag of Amber with the Essence of Pepper or a Plaister of Tacamahac with Oil of Amber are very useful on this occasion 15. If the Pains of the Head are caus'd by Worms Take of the Pouder of Aloe and of Earthworms of each two Drams the Gall of a Bull a Dram Oil of Wormwood and Wax of each a sufficient quantity for a Plaister to be applied to the Head Then make a Fumigation of the following Pouder to be receiv'd by Mouth and Nose Take of the Pouders of lesser Centory Horehound and Betony of each two Drams Zedoary half a Dram Roots of Angelica two Drams Amber a Dram Crude Antimony an Ounce Millet Seeds or Ginger a Dram and a half Bole Armenic a Dram Roots of round Birthwort two Drams Wormwood two or three Drams Make a Pouder for a Fumigation A sneezing Medicine compos'd of Pepper and Castor and the Fumes of Spirit of Wine Myrrh and Seeds of Fennel Flower convey'd into the Ear are convenient in this case 16. If the Pains proceed from immoderat Drinking Vomits and Purges are first requir'd Then Pepper Cephalic Spirit of Vitriol and Elixir Proprietatis Cold Water with Vinegar may be thrown upon the Head and Stones 17. When one half of the Head only is affected 't is call'd a Hemicrania and is the highest degree of Headachs A Cataplasm of the Root of a wild Cucumber or Bryony with Vervain and Wormwood or a Decoction of them may be applied to the Part affected Or Take of Euphorbium one Ounce sweet Oil a Pound let them boil together then add three Ounces of Wax and make an Ointment to be applied to the Temples Forehead c. 18. If it arise from the Womb apply a Bag of Amber and Essence of Pepper or a Plaister of Tacamahac and Oil of Amber In all these particular cases the general Evacuations must be first taken care of and no external Medicines are sufficient for the Cure without the Assistance of Internals ART VII Of Arthritic Pains THE Parts immediatly affected are the membranous Ligaments surrounding the Joints The Cause is a volatil Acid join'd to the Spirits which gnaws the Membrans and thickens their nutritious Juice This Acid takes its first rise from the Disorders of the Stomac It displays it self in the Foot and is call'd the Gout in the Huckle Bones and is call'd the Sciatica in the Hands and several other Parts of the Body Sometimes 't is hereditary In other cases 't is acquir'd by the use of acid Wine Venery and Passion or any Commotion of the Spirits that increases the Acid in the Body This Acid affects chiefly the solid Parts and serves to depurat the Blood and fluid Humors When it invades a solid Part it leaves some small Particles in it that afterwards revive and make a new Paroxism The Paroxysm is ushered in by a Constipation of the Belly difficulty of Breathing an unsufferable Heat at the Stomac Thirst and loss of Appetite In the Gout the great Toe is first affected in the Sciatica the Huckle Bone where it receives the Bone of the Thigh and all the Membrans from thence downward to the Foot are contracted If the Acid be sharp and fiery these Symptoms are aggravated if it be viscid and what we call cold the Symptoms are weaker and the Fits of a longer Duration In forming Prognostics we may expect the Paroxysm when the wonted Excrements betwixt the Toes disappear and the Belly is constipated The Sciatica is more obstinat than the Gout which if inveterat hereditary or attended by Nodes is incurable in old Men. If the Joints adjacent to the Original of the Nerves be seiz'd it portends Death If any part be put out of Joint by arthritic Pains 't is a hard matter to set it right The frequency of bad Symptoms and the moving of the Pains towards the Throat and upper Parts betokens Death If the Paroxysm do not finish its Course but break off abruptly 't is an ill Omen As for the Cure When we foresee a Paroxysm 't is convenient first to exhibit the Pouder of Crabs Eyes with Salt of Tartar and Osteocolla then a Vomit and afterwards the following Purge Take of Cream of Tartar Salt of Wormwood Arcanum duplicatum of each eight Grains Digrydium three Grains make a Pouder Or Take of the Conserve of Rosemary Conserve of Sage of each six Drams Paracelsus his purging Pouder for the Gout a Dram and a half Rosin of Jalap half a Scruple with Syrup of Buckthorn make an Electuary All purging Medicines ought to be avoided during the increase of the Fit but after it has pass'd the height and the Feaver and other Symptoms have disappear'd give what follows Take of Ruffius his Pills de tribus Extract of black Hellebor of each half a Scruple Turbith Mineral prepar'd with Spirit of Sulphur two or three Grains make Pills Opiats ought never to be us'd but after the universal Evacuations and along with purging and sweating Specifics As Take of the Pills Aloephanginae two Drams Laudanum Opiatum half a Dram make Pills for four Doses to be taken in Wine fasting three or four hours after Take of prepar'd Crabs Eyes Mynsichtus his Arcanum Duplicatum of each twelve Grains Salt of Amber six Grains Hysteric Laudanum three Grains make a Pouder Or Take of Triacle from half a Dram to a Dram Salt of Wormwood a Scruple with Wine make a Draught Or Take of Fennel Water Water of Carduus Benedictus of each an Ounce and a half Spirit of putrified Earthworms a Dram and a half Salt Armoniac Magistery of Corals prepar'd with Juice of Citrons of each half a Dram laudanum Opiatum two Grains Syrup of Orange Peel half an Ounce mix In Arthritic Pains Blood-letting is pernicious But in the Sciatica 't is needful in the beginning of the Paroxysm to open a Vein in the Foot of the same Side with the affected Part. Clysters ought to be injected during the whole Course of the Paroxysm The Specifics that are proper in the Paroxysm are sweating Medicines both fix'd and volatil as red Corals Cinnabar of
Mesentery Arthritic melancholy and cholic Fits Pains of Childbirth c. When a Convulsion proceeds from any inferior part it resembles the Motion of a cold Vapor rising from the part towards the Brain But there is neither space for that Vapor to move in nor a sufficient force to put it in Motion Therefore 't is a false Imagination and ought to be rectified The plain case stands thus The Part being irritated by the offending Cause the Spirits repair in a disorderly manner into it and contract the Fibres these Spirits are follow'd by large Numbers of others that not finding room in the contracted part rebound this Convulsion is continued to the Original of the Nerve and creates a Disorder in the Brain which affects all the other Nerves and produces the universal Epilepsy So the gradual Contraction of the Part and the disorderly Incursions of the Spirits create a Sense not unlike to that of ascending Vapors and occasion the vulgar Error These imaginary Vapors are generally attended by a sense of Cold by reason that the Spirits have not a free admission into the contracted part Convulsions differ from Trembling in this that the former invade the part when resting whereas the other follows only upon attempting some voluntary motion In a Palsy the Part affected may be mov'd or extended without Pain but in a Convulsion it cannot In Swoonings or sleepy Diseases the Pulse is weak and low and the Fits observe no regular Periods nor are they easily carried off but in the first degree of an Epilepsy tho it resemble swooning the Pulse is strong and frequent and the Fit returning at set times is easily cured In acute burning Feavers Convulsions are foretold from a tingling in the Ears heaviness of the Head dulness of the Senses panting of the Heart Flashings of Light and strange Colors appearing before the Eyes If in the beginning of the Disease the Balls of the Eyes are seiz'd with Pain without any Inflammation or if the sick Person attempt as it were to catch Flies it betokens a Delirium and Convulsions But if he begin to pick at the Bedclothes or be sensible of the Contraction or twitching of any Member or of the seeming Ascent of Vapors to the Head the Convulsion is just at hand If the Patient dote and be uncapable to give an account of these Symptoms the Physician may put his hand to the Wrists or tendinous Parts and if he observe that the Tendons start or quaver 't is a sign of fatal Convulsions An Epilepsy may be also prophesy'd in other cases from frequent Swimmings of the Head and Nightmares If an Epilepsy proceed from Convulsions of the internal Membrans it discovers it self by a murmuring Noise in the Guts Swellings or Contractions or Hardness of the Belly drawing the Navel inwards violent throws in the Guts Pains in the Loins a Distention and Contraction of the Breast difficulty of Breathing an apprehension of being stifled c. If it be essential it surprises the Person without any preceding signs or sense of Pain but a symptomatical Epilepsy is usher'd in by the aching of some affected part and the apprehension of Vapors transmitted from thence to the Brain The Prognostics are variable according to the Circumstances of the Patient If an Epilepsy commence after the twenty fifth year of the Persons Age if it succeed Iliac Pains acute Feavers immoderat Watchings excessive loss of Blood over-violent Purging or the use of Hellebor if the Fits return frequently and the Lips Tongue Eyelids or Breast be much affected if the Disease be hereditary essential and inveterat if the Patient do's not sneeze after using Medicines for that purpose In all these cases there 's a great deal of danger If a Woman with Child be seiz'd with Convulsions they threaten Miscarriage If it commence from the Infancy or before the state of Manhood 't is curable If it return frequently it renders the Person stupid or delirious If a Chronical Epilepsy be follow'd by an unmalignant Feaver 't is a good Omen The Cure of Convulsions and the Falling Sickness of Children is accounted for elsewhere As for adult Persons the Physician must heedfully inform himself if the Cause be external or internal if the Disease be essential or symptomatical and if symptomatical in what particular Member the source of the Distemper lies And withal let him carefully observe the following Remarks which do not relate to the Paroxysm but the general method of Cure 1. That Chronical Convulsions arising from internal Causes do generally invade Hypochrondiac and Scorbutic Persons and are owing to a vicious Acid which for the most part is bred in the first Passages Therefore Evacuations and the use of testaceous Alcalin Pouders Spanish Soap boil'd in Milk and Chalybeat Medicines are recommended 2. That if the Disease arise from any particular Member the Medicines which properly regard that part ought to be join'd with Specifics but not exhibited till after the general Evacuations 3. That Antimonial Vomits are sovereign Medicines if the Disease proceed from the internal Parts They ought to be given every Month four days before the Full-moon 4. That all purging Medicines ought to be of the milder sort and mix'd with sweet Mercury thrice sublimated and exhibited before the Changes of the Moon 5. That if the source of the Disease be lodg'd in the Humors of the Body the Decoctions of the sudorific Woods together with proper Specifics are given with good Success after the first Passages are sufficiently cleans'd 6. That in a desperat case a Salivation with Mercury may be attempted 7. That sneezing Medicines ought to be us'd every Morning As for example Take of the Leaves of Marjoram and Rue of each two Drams Flowers of the Lilly Convally a Dram white Hellebor and Castor of each half a Dram. Make a Pouder 8. That if the Distemper proceed from the Disorders of any external part 't is proper to place a Ligature betwixt it and the Brain just before the Invasion of the Paroxysm Issues Caustics applied to the part especially in the puncture of a Nerve and opening the Scull with a Trepandiron are of good use 9. That if the Falling Sickness be attended by a Suppression of any wonted Evacuation of Blood 't is fit to open the Hemorrhoid Vein or a Vein in the Arm or in the Ancle of Women with Child or apply Leeches to the inside of the Womb when an Epilepsy follows Delivery 10. That Opiats ought not to be given before the general Evacuations nor too frequently repeated left they promote a Stupidity which generally insues Chronical Epilepsies They may serve to prevent and mitigate a fierce Paroxysm They ought to be mix'd with Specifics and Camphyr and given before the Invasion of the Fit The Temples Nostrils and Wrists may be anointed at the same time with Oil of Boxwood which has a peculiar Anodyn Virtue 11. That the Disorders of the Brain and Animal Spirits ought to be redress'd by the use of
Feavers Inflammations Gout Arthritic and Hypochondriac Fits in which the prevailing Acid fixes in tendinous parts and renders them stiff Collections of Serum in the Brain and Worms in the Guts which are for the most part accompany'd by swellings of the Belly Sometimes a flatulent serous Humour affects the Muscles and causes a Contraction Sometimes the offending Cause is lodg'd in the contracted part and sometimes elsewhere As for the Cure the universal Evacuations are first in order especially the injection of sharp Clysters The internal Specifics are the same as in the case of an Epilepsy For external use all spirituous and oily things are proper but such of 'em as are more penetrating than viscid or unctuous are prâ—â—erable as the Oil of Worms per deliquium Or Take of the Oil of Orris Oil of Earth-worms of each two Ounces Castor in Pouder four Scruples mix them by continual shaking and anoint the contracted part without intermission till the Convulsion cease The Oil that drops from a rosted Goose the Spirit of Wine with Saffron Spirit of Triacle camphoris'd with Castor the Decoction of stale Urine with white Bread mix'd with a small quantity of Assa faetida Oil of Amber mix'd with Roâ—k Oâ—l when the occasional Cause is of a cold nature are much approv'd for the same use Or Take of Oil of Turpentine Oil of Earth-worms of each an Ounce and a half Human Fat one Ounce the Fat of Dogs half an Ounce make a Liniment Or Take of human Fat three or four Ounces distill'd Oil of Turpentine three Drams Oil of Juniper Berries two Drams Oil of Spike half a Dram make a Liniment Or Take of Oil of Turpentine half a Dram distill'd Oil of Cloves six Drops Mucilage of Briony as much as sufficeth for a Liniment When a Nerve is prick'd by an error in Blood-letting the Wound must be dilated and distill'd Oil of Turpentine or of Wax or of Bricks drop'd into it warm If the Wound be large apply the following Plaister Take of Euphorbium a Scruple Turpentine half an Ounce with Wax make a Plaister If after scarifying or letting of blood the Part swell and ache anoint it frequently with the following Liniment Take of the fat of Foxes fat of Badgers of each three Ounces distill'd Oil of Spike half an Ounce Oil of Mastic two Drams Wine two or three Drams mix 'em before the fire and use it hot If the Part be livid swell'd and affected with pain apply the following Cataplasm Take of the Herbs Agrimony Chervil and Flowers of Chamomil of each a handful Roots of Larks Spur three Ounces Roots of Solomon's Seal an Ounce Linseeds Fenugrecseeds of each half a Dram Boil them in a sufficient quantity of Water to the consistence of a Cataplasm If the Convulsion proceed from a Wound in the part drop into it the Balsam of Sulphur with Turpentine and anoint the part with Oil of Worms and distill'd Oil of Turpentine If it be caus'd by a poisonous Animal anoint with Oil of Scorpions apply scarify'd Cupping-glasses or an actual Cautery to the part or the magnetic arsenic Plaister and give inwardly Triacle with Gentian in order to procure sweat If it be occasion'd by violent Purgation give Triacle with Opiats For a windy Cramp take a rough Cloth hot and dip it into Spirit of Juniper Berries or rectify'd Spirit of Wine and rub the part or foment it with Spirit of Triacle and Juniper Water In case of extremity apply the following Ointment Take of fresh Goose-tallow four Drams distill'd Oil of Cloves half a Scruple distill'd Oil of Cinnamom five drops Mix for an Ointment Volatil Anti-acids Milk and such like temperat things are proper for the Convulsions which proceed from an internal Acid. ART III. Of Trembling TRembling resembles Convulsive Motions and when it follows Epileptic Fits partakes of their Nature Some particular Members are apt to shake after drinking or sudden Passion but this is a lesser sort of trembling For some are universal some particular some greater and some lesser It do's not proceed from any weakness of the moving Faculty but from the joint Action of several Muscles that are either Antagonists or imploy'd in different Motions of the Member which is occasion'd by the almost equal Incursions of the Animal Spirits whereas upon the Will 's injoining a particular Motion they ought to repair more copiously to the Muscle whose Office 't is to perform the commanded Motion than into its other Companions that are supposed to rest The Animal Spirits are apt to commit this Error when disorder'd by Passion or over-fix'd by the use of Narcotics or excessive drinking of Wine But oft-times the Spirits themselves are innocent and the fault lies either in the Nerve or the Muscle If any Obstruction or Irritation happen at the head of the Nerve the Spirits design'd for the Muscle are diverted another way If the Fibres of the Muscle be contracted dry misplac'd or not so accessible as they ought to be the regular â—rrival of the Spirits is prevented Thus mercurial Steams immoderat Venery Cold drinking of cold Liquors suppression of wonted Evacuations and malignant Feavers are wont to occasion a Trembling Trembling is easily distinguish'd from a Palsy by the performance of the voluntary motion and from Convulsions by this that it never appears but when a voluntary motion is attempted If it succeed to a Palsy it prognosticats a Recovery If it proceed from internal Causes it ought not to be neglected If it be hereditary of a long standing or accompany'd by old Age it seldom admits of a Cure If it terminat in Convulsions or approach to their Nature If attended by Doating in Burning Feavers If it succeed to Child-birth or happen in a Lethargy or Apoplexy it portends ill If the under-lip quaver it betokens Vomiting The occasional Cause must be diligently inquir'd for and remov'd So the method of Cure must be calculated for the various Causes In general it requires cephalic and nervous Medicines such as are us'd against Palsies Convulsions and Apoplexies Sage is a noted Specific in this case it may be eaten with food infus'd in Ale or a Spirit or Essence taken from it and mix'd with Castor which may be us'd inwardly often The Hands or Part affected may be fomented with this Spirit or an infusion of Sage in Wine or Water us'd for a wash Baum is next its Leaves infus'd in Wine or Spirit of Wine make a useful Medicine for this purpose Juniper-berries their Spirit Oil Rob Infusion in Wine or Spirit of Wine and the infus'd Berries in substance are very sovereign in this case After due Evacuations there is nothing so proper as a Diet-drink of the Decoction of Woods especially of Juniper Wood. Nutmegs Cinnamom Cloves Castor and its Preparations the â—rains of Hares rosted c. are mightily esteem'd Peacocks Dung infus'd in Spirit of Wine is a sovereign Remedy against Trembling in old Age. The Oils of Hazelwood and Boxwood are also very
wither and consume tho the root of the Evil be not seated in it 't is not improper to anoint it with the following Mixture in order to provoke and waken the Spirits Take of Spirit of Earth-worms three Ounces distill'd Oils of Spike and of Juniper of each a Dram and a half distill'd Oils of Lavender and Marjoram of each half a Dram distill'd Oil of Amber two Scruples plumous Allum which ought always to be added in this case a Scruple If this prove too sharp as it frequently do's to scorbutic Constitutions take of human or Goose fat three or four Ounces distill'd Oil of Turpentin three Drams Oil of Juniper-berries two Drams Oil of Spike half a Dram. Mix and use as above Let the following Plaister be likewise applied to the Back-bone viz. Take of Gum Galbanum two parts Gum Caran one part soften 'em with stone Oil into the Consistence of a Plaister Bathing in a Decoction of Ants is of singular Virtue both in this and many other cases of which more elsewhere ART III. Of a Palsy A Palsy ought to be carefully distinguish'd from a stupidity of any part and particular Apoplexies tho it be near ally'd to both The former retains the power of moving tho depriv'd of the Sense of Feeling the latter relates to the Disorders of the Nerves whereas a Palsy is principally a relaxation of the Tendons Fibres and Ligaments by which the part is moved the Nerves being only secondarily affected So a true formal Palsy affects chiefly the moving Faculty and if the Nerves are not much touch'd the sense of Feeling remains Now by this it appears that in many Cases a Palsy is accus'd where particular Apoplexies are the true Criminals Their difference is thus made out 1. The particular Apoplexies are retainers to the Disorders of the Brain and spinal Marrow whereas Palsies follow another set of Diseases as the Scurvy Hypochondriac and Colic Fits and excessive Drinking 2. In the former the original and uppermost part of the Nerves is chiefly affected and upon that account external Remedies are applied to the Neck and Back-bone without regard to the Apoplectic Part. But in the latter that part of the Nerve which accompanies the Muscles of the place is principally injur'd and accordingly external Applications are confin'd to that quarter 3. The former deprives both of sense and motion the latter oftimes retains the sense and is molested with pains 4. The former are constant and obstinat the latter relents now and then and 't is not quite so hard a matter to compass its Cure Some Palsies are call'd Privative when the Passages for the Spirits are straiten'd and embarass'd by Obstructions or Compressions of the Nerves the sudden retreat of the small Pox Wounds Falls and such like external Causes But these are more properly particular Apoplexies A true positive Palsy may be occasion'd by a cold moist Air bathing in cold Water c. Thus old Men and Children are as it were half paralytic the former by reason of a watry Serum that succeeds in the room of their exhausted nutritious Juice and unbends the Fibres the latter by virtue of overflowing Moisture The usual internal Cause of a Palsy is an acid Humour convey'd along with the Lymph or Serum to the affected part where it vitiats the Fibres and renders 'em unfit for their wonted Motions Palsies of this kind are frequently occasion'd by immoderat drinking of some Wines that partake of a notable volatil Acid which not being concocted in the Stomac is thrown upon the external parts and creates in them sometimes a tickling sort of Pain resembling the motion of Pismires sometimes a stupid and sometimes a tearing Pain Thus the Fibres are corrupted but the Nerves are at first secure and accordingly the moving Faculty is extinguish'd while that of Feeling remains intire tho in progress of time it may dwindle away A scorbutic Acid join'd to a serous Vehicle frequently causes Palsies It proceeds insensibly at first causes a wandring Stupidity and Titillation of the Fingers or Toes One day they are quite well another day mightily swell'd and retain the Sense of Feeling tho render'd in some measure stupid and the Person when lying can move 'em but if he attempt to stand can perform no progressive Motion without a great deal of pain 'T is a volatil austere Acid that gives rise to these Symptoms and if Austerity prevail Convulsions and Contractions invade the part The French Pox Worms in the Guts and Suffocations of the Matrix may procure Palsies But the Bilious Colic that proceeds from thin sharp Humours more frequently introduces ' em If these Colic Pains be exasperated by violent Purgation or otherwise as it frequently happens the Navel being drawn inwards and the Belly very much bound and grip'd there follows a Stupidity and afterwards a Paralytic Disposition of some Members of the Body In this case the Cause seems to be a Scorbutic Acid lodg'd in the nervous Knot of the Mesentery which contracts the Nerves and so prevents the regular distribution of the Spirits to these Parts So that partly by the mutual consent of Membrans and partly by the Translation of the morbific Matter to the external Parts such Palsies take their rise The suppression of wonted Evacuations of Blood and the Passions of the Mind especially Grief and Want are likewise apt to cause ' em Besides these internal Causes there are several external Occasions of Palsies as touching the Cramp-fish or some Indian Shell-fishes reported to be indow'd with a numming Virtue approaching to mercurial and mineral Fumes and an indiscreet tampering with Narcotics If the Nerves be chiefly affected as in a total Privation of feeling or when the Disease proceeds from a Wound Fall or other external Accidents or succeeds an Apoplexy the Original of the Nerves must be chiefly regarded according to the Method propos'd for particular Apoplexies If the Sense of Feeling be intire or not much impair'd the Ligaments and Tendons of the part affected ought to be most taken care of If a Palsy invade the Face 't is distinguish'd from a Dog-Cramp by this that in the former the paralytic part is soft and flaccid and easily reduc'd to its natural posture but in the latter the contracted Part is hard and cannot be brought to join the others without pain As for the privative Palsies that approach to the nature of Apoplexies or in which the Sense of Feeling is quite lost or the Evil inveterat and fix'd to a Part their Cure will be very difficult but if once cur'd they are not so apt to relapse as the proper positive Palsies proceeding from internal Causes If the heat of the part be quite extinguish'd and Contractions seize it If the Eye of the paralytic Side be lessen'd If the Person be old and of a Cacochymical or Cachectic Constitution they are all cross Circumstances If a Trembling invade the Part If a Looseness succeed to a light Palsy or an acute Feaver to the Apoplectic
Sort they are esteem'd Signs of Recovery In regulating the method of Cure we must heedfully distinguish the privative apoplectic Palsies from the positive sort If the former arise from external Causes the Cure turns upon their removal and inunctions of the part with the Queen of Hungary's Water Rock Oil Oil of Juniper Oil of Lavender and above all Balsam of Peru. Internally nothing equals Oil of Lavender taken to the quantity of four or six drops in bed in order to sweat for which purpose distill'd Oil of Amber is likewise proper If they proceed from internal Causes Sudorific and Cephalic Medicines are us'd in the same manner as for particular Apoplexies and in an inveterat Case a Salivation is the last Refuge As for positive Palsies the peccant matter must be corrected and discharg'd by aromatic and volatil Sudorifics and the nervous Parts corroborated and restor'd to life by the external application of penetrating meagre Oils In order to compass these ends 't will be needful to observe the following Rules 1. Since the peccant matter is an Acid that owes its Original to the first Passages Saline Digestives Vomits and sharp Clysters ought to be premis'd and whatever purgative Medicines are us'd they must be very gentle especially in the beginning 2. A temperat milk Diet ought to be closely pursu'd for that it vanquishes any Acid and supplies the Nerves with a Chyl-like Juice capable to repair their loss of moisture occcasion'd by copious Sweats 3. When a Palsy is caus'd by a Colic or Scurvy by all means avoid strong Purges lest Convulsions insue Soft Laxatives in which black Hellebor is the chief Ingredient may be ventur'd upon Or Clysters impregnated with Carminative Oils may be frequently injected but at first they must be gentle and soft as those of Milk and Turpentine c. and in the progress of the Disease if the Patient reap no benefit by 'em you may add a small Whet 4. Fat viscous Oils are improper for external Use Penetrating and spirituous Liniments are only convenient and ought always to be us'd immediately after Sweating while the Pores are yet open Indeed if the Person be scorbutic temperat things are best to begin with And when the affected part begins to wither and the Person withal is of a choleric Constitution 't is advisable to abstain from applying these subtil volatil Remedies But where a Palsy proceeds from a Corruption of the Lymph and the part is swell'd up they are very needful 5. If the stopping of any wonted Evacuation of Blood give rise to a Palsy repeated Blood-letting is wont to finish the Cure I am now advanc'd to the Prescriptions of proper Remedies For Vomiting the Flowers of Antimony with Extract of Scammony are recommended by Hartman For Purging Sweet Mercury is much applauded by Sylvius and Turpentin by Platerus Hellebor and Turbith are generally approv'd but Coloquintida ought always to be added for a Whet. Take of the Arthritic Pills a Scruple Scammony sulphurated four Grains Extract of Troches Alhandal a Grain With Essence of Sage make Pills Or Take of the Herbs Germander and Groundpine of each a handful Flowers of Rosemary of Primroses and of Sage of each two little handfuls Roots of Angelica Masterwort and Florentin Orris of each three Drams Roots of black Hellebor a Dram pick'd Senna six Drams Roots of common Spurge half a Dram Cardamoms and Cubebs of each three Drams Salt of Tartar a Dram and a half Mix for a Bag to be infus'd in Wine Sudorific Decoctions of Guajacum Burdoc c. are much in use But Willis has remark'd that those whose Blood is stuff'd with a fix'd Salt and not much diluted with inspid Serum are apt to be offended by Sweating The internal Specifics for this Disease are much the same as those for Apoplexies and Epilepsies The Decoction of Rosemary over a gentle Fire in Balneum Mariae mix'd with a little Essence of Castor is a noble Medicine A large draught of it ought to be taken in the Morning with a fasting Stomac Primroses French Lavender distill'd Oils of Lavender and Amber are much approv'd The Decoction of Elecampane is a sovereign Remedy for Palsies arising from a Colic Sassafras and Guajacum are of excellent use especially the former Rosemary and Juniper or Bay-berries ought always to be boil'd with em Poterius found great benefit by the following Prescription Take of the shavings of Sassafras Wood one Ounce Bay-berries an Ounce and a half boil them in six pound of Wine to three pound and reserve it for use Instead of the Decoctions of these Woods Essences and Spirits may be prepar'd from 'em that are of singular use Lindanus recommends a Wood call'd Pavana given to the quantiry of two Scruples in a spoonful of Spirit of Wine It procures Vomiting Purging and Sweating without impairing the strength of the Person Millet-seeds are likewise very proper for procuring Sweat The volatil Preparations of Tartar are wonderfully extoll'd It s volatil Salt or Spirit drawn from the dregs of Wine or stinking Oil of Tartar or the Spirit of Tartar cohobated with tartaris'd Spirit of Urine are very useful in Cholic Hypochondriac and Scorbutic Palsies Sylvius was wont to cure Cholic Palsies with his Sal volatile Oleosum Next are the Spirit and volatil Salt of Urine prepar'd by putrefaction Spirit of Sal Armoniac Spirit of Lavender the Spirit and volatil Salt of Vipers Spirit of Hartshorn succinated volatil Salt of Amber given along with Cinnabar of Antimony and Magistery of Pearls But above all the volatil Preparations from Worms and Ants have merited the greatest approbation If you digest a vegetable Spirit with Ants for some time you 'll have an incomparable Medicine that may be us'd both internally and externally But withal we are to remember that these volatil Remedies are not fit to be given upon the first invasion of the Disease till the Acid in the first Passages be in a good measure vanquish'd Upon which account the fix'd Absorbents ought to lead the Van. As Take of prepar'd human Bones from a Scruple to half a Dram Cinnabar of Antimony from twelve to twenty Grains volatil Salt of Amber from ten to twelve Grains Make a Pouder for two Doses Now after a discreet use of such like fix'd Medicines is the time to exhibit the volatil Sudorifics Poterius's Diaphoretic Gold is a noted Specific Six Grains may be given for a Dose Helmont commends the volatil Tincture of Coral I have seen an admirable Tincturemade with volatil Spirit of Tartar in his Majesty of Great Britain's Laboratory but Mr. Febure conceal'd the way of Preparation If a positive Palsy proceed from the Relaxation or prevailing Moisture of any Part 't is convenient to anoint both the Part it self and the Back-bone with the following Liniment Take of human and Goose Fat of each an Ounce Oil of Earth three Drams Mix. Tacamahac and Balsam of Peru are fit for the same use The Plaister for the Nerves of
three Drams Oil of Juniper-berries a Dram Oil of Spike half a Dram. Mix and anoint the Part. Or Take of human Fat two Ounces Oil of Earthworms an Ounce Rock Oil three Drams Oil of Amber a Dram and a half Mix and use as above Take a bowell'd Goose and fill it with the Leaves of Sage Rosemary Spike and Avens to which add of the fat of a wild Cat an Ounce and a half Frankincense Mastic and Amber of each half an Ounce Castor and Euphoâ—bium of each two Drams Sow 'em in and rost the Goose on a Spit reserving the Fat that drops from it â—s an admirable Liniment for Paralytic Parts Or Take a bowell'd Gander and wash it well with Wine then stuff its Belly with Frankincense Myrrh Mastic of each two Ounces Ointment call'd Martialum six Ounces Rost it on a Spit throw away the watry Phlegm that drops from it and take of the Fat well separated an Ounce and Pouder of Earthworms two Ounces Mix and distil thro a Retort an incomparable Oil for anointing paralytic Members These external Remedies are apply'd to the paralytic Members when the Ligaments and Tendons are faulty but if the source of the Distemper be lodg'd in the Nerve then we apply 'em to the Back or Neck or crown of the Head according to the Progress of the Nerve CHAP. IV. Of the Deficiency of Rational Operations THE Intellect or Rational Faculty being immaterial cannot be vitiated of it self by any morbific Cause but for so much as 't is conversant about the Objects of our internal Senses it makes use of their Ministry and if they are out of order shares of the common Calamity The internal Senses are the Imagination and Memory which depend upon the regular Motion of the Animal Spirits in the Brain and run into disorder upon their Enormities as appears a posteriori by ridiculous Gestures Words and Actions Thus whatever impairs the right use of Reason must immediatly affect the Imagination and Memory Our rational Faculty is injur'd either by being diminish'd or abolish'd as by Stupidity and Folly or by being perverted as in Deliriums c. ART I. Of the defect of Memory and Stupidity OUR Reason is impair'd or extinguish'd by the deficiency of Memory which is an Endowment common to us with Beasts and is generally affected by the Disorders of the Head The remote Causes that prejudice the Memory may be reduc'd to three Classes 1. Whatever alters the regular form of the Brain its Pores and Passages as Falls Bruises Wounds or any preternatural form of the Head 2. Whatever corrupts the Blood and Animal Spirits as immoderat Drinking unseasonable Fasting stopping of any wonted Evacuation of Blood excessive Bleeding c. 3. Whatever exhausts disperses or stupifies the Spirits as an indiscreet use of Opium Poyson Love-Potions excessive Venery sudden Fear Care and Watchings and excess and multiplicity of Studies sleepy Diseases Epilepsies Apoplexies Madness acute Feavers the Plague and old Age. A natural want of Memory being incurable dos not fall within the compass of our present inquiry If it be preternaturally occasion'd we ought to consider the Circumstances and past life of the Patient If the Person be old drousy and inclin'd to sleep much and voids a great deal of Phlegm by the Mouth and Nostrils but retains a vigorous Judgment we will find that in his Youth he was not given to study or perplex'd with Business and Care and that the loss of Memory proceeds from an inundation of Lymph in the Brain Old Persons whose Youth was imploy'd in much study and thought have generally a dry habit of Body void but little by the Mouth or Nose sleep not much and are easily wakened and their want of Memory proceeds from the dryness of the Brain and agility of the Spirits If young Persons are seiz'd with a loss or deficiency of Memory whose Apprehension and Genius was and continues lively it argues a dryness occasion'd in the Brain by the nimble Revolutions of the Spirits and generally such Persons are in danger of losing both Judgment and Memory when they grow old And those whose Memory and Judgment are very fresh and keen in their Youth are apt to run the same risque If a Youth have a weak Memory and withal a drousy inactive Temper 't is owing to the Humidity of the Brain and Deficiency of Animal Spirits The sudden loss of Memory without any visible Cause is a Forerunner of an Apoplexy Palsy or Epilepsy If it surprise one already enfeebled and weak 't is a sign of Death If it arise from the moisture of the Brain 't is easier cur'd than when it flows from an excessive dryness If it be caus'd by Poison Love-potions inveterat Diseases of the Head malignant and acute Feavers 't is almost incurable As for the Cure The remote Causes must be specially accounted for If it proceed from a dryness of the Brain aromatic and spirituous Medicines are very noxious nor are there any Medicines so effectual as moist and juicy Food Milk Chocolate c. If it arise from the Moisture of the Brain attended by a stupidity and drousiness of the Spirits Purgatives are first proper then Aromatics sneezing Pouders and Medicines to be chew'd The aromatic Medicines are Rosemary Baum Stechas Spike and all the Spices Three Cubebs taken in the Morning with a fasting stomac corroborat the Memory wonderfully Cardamoms are very good but more proper for old than young Persons Frankincense and Amber are likewise very useful But above all Ambergrease is the most powerful Medicine 'T is given in Pouder with Sugar or by way of Essence or Tincture prepar'd with Spirit of Roses or black Cherries It ought to be given in a small Dose by reason of a Stupidity that sometimes follows it Where the Brain is dry or the Patient young and of a hot Constitution 't is not proper But for old People 't is incomparable if discreetly us'd Besides 't is an incentive to Venery which is a mortal Enemy to the Memory Laurembergius recommends the four following Compositions for corroborating the Memory which are chiefly to be us'd when the Brain is moist and the Spirits drousy Take of juicy Tobacco-leaves two handfuls Roots of Pellitory of Spain three Drams Ginger a Dram. With Hony reduce 'em to the consistence of a Pultice and make little round Balls to be chew'd or roll'd to and again in the Mouth Take of the Herbs Baum Marjoram Sage and Rosemary Bay-leaves of each a handful Flowers of Lavender Lilly Convally Lime-tree and French Lavender of each a little handful Boil them in Spanish or Rhenish Wine and wash the Head with the Decoction every fourth fifth or sixth day Take a convenient quantity of Spanish Wine in which macerat for fourteen or fifteen days the following Ingredients Take of the Herbs Basil Marjoram Sage Baum and Penny-Royal of each half a handful Flowers of Borrage of Sage and Primroses Flowers of Rosemary of French Lavender and of Lilly Convally
undetermin'd In the latter the whole force and vigour of Thought is confin'd to one Object so that ofttimes the melancoly Persons are enabled to discourse and reason about it with much more accuracy than in their healthy state when other Objects claim a larger share in their Thoughts and cramp their Application to that one Oft-times the sick Person reasons calmly on any other Object beside that of his Melancoly by reason that the Spirits are not so keen and eager in pursuing the former The change of Air and Seasons or of any not natural thing sensibly alters the Crasis of the Blood and Spirits and consequently the nature of this Delirium either by quite extinguishing or heightning or depressing it or by removing it from one Object to another As Wine by altering the state of the Blood and Spirits first makes some Men cheerful then inspires 'em with a talkative Humour afterwards disposes 'em to Strife Anger Madness c. and last of all covers 'em with drousiness and sleep Melancoly being grounded on the Constitution of the Blood and Spirits becomes an inveterat Companion and ofttimes propagates it self by an hereditary Succession especially among Women who convey the Legacy to their Daughters that surely visits 'em when with Child or upon point of delivery if not at other times It is ofttimes cur'd by the Stratagem of cheating the Patient into a contrary Humour or Passion which if forcible and strong recals the Spirits from the Passages in which they deviate 'T is highly necessary to obviat Melancoly betimes before its Settlement Now a melancolic Disposition is usher'd in by these Signs The Person is troubled in sleep and haunted by aukward Dreams he becomes fullen and sorrowful and courts solitude he is pensive and apt to dwell long upon one thought and is timorous to a high degree If he begin to tell ridiculous Stories and withal is full of his own Wisdom the Delirium is at hand Let the Causes be diligently inquir'd after If it proceed from the Passions of the Mind the Pulse is low inconstant contracted ofttimes unequal and sometimes resembles the Motion of Emmets or Worms and when the Mind is unbended by chearfulness c. the Pulse is proportionably alter'd If Melancoly steal on by degrees without the influence of external Objects and be follow'd by wandring unfix'd Deliriums it proceeds from the Hypochondriac Distemper and is attended by the Palpitation of the Heart Anxiety of the Breast acid Belchings a murmuring noise in the Guts constipation of the Belly Wind an uneasy obscure Pain in the left side of the Abdomen with a Pulsation in the same place or in the Back a notable heat in the Forehead and wandring Inflammations over the Body If it proceed immediatly from the Depravation of the Blood it remits now and then the Patient is querulods and anxious oppress'd with Grief and Sorrow and a frequent Palpitation of the Heart If Melancoly be caus'd by Passions of the Mind or external Objects 't is much more easily cur'd than when it ows its Original to the internal Indisposition of the Blood and Spirits If it be follow'd by Doting recur frequently or claim a hereditary Privilege it accompanies the Person to the Grave If it be occasion'd by preceding Diseases as Feavers Phrensies c. a regular Diet carries it off It is more uncommon among Women than among Men yet the Cure of the former is more difficult especially if they be with Child or pass'd the season of their Terms If the Countenance be chearful If the Delirâ—ums begin to relent If the Urine exchange its thin Consistence for that which appears thick muddy and black If a Flux of the Emrods or Womb insue If a Sâ—ab and such like Eruptions beset the Skin we hope a Recovery If the Person be subject to uncouth Laughter or Crying immoderat Grief attended by a sort of Fury it tends to a Palsy or Apoplexy or Convulsions If he obstinatly decline eating or drinking or totally deprive himself of Sleep he posts to his Grave We are now arriv'd at the Method of Cure which consists in rectifying the Blood and Spirits by proper Correctives and reducing the Animal to orderly Motions The following Remarks are worthy our observation upon this matter 1. The remote Cause must be taken off either by moral Perswasions or deceiving the Person with some cunning Stratagem so as to bring him off the melancolic Fancy If the Cause be internal as suppression of the Terms the hypocondriac Disease c. it must be particularly taken care of In geneneral the hypocondriac Specifics and comforting Cephalic Medicines are always proper 2. Vomiting is an essential part of the Cure and ought to be frequently repeated 3. Let the Physician be very cautious in visiting the Patients alone for they hate the Person that pretends to cure 'em and retain the Odium even after they are cur'd 4. When the melancolic Fancy is deeply lodg'd within 'em they ought to be undeceiv'd by the means of some Stratagem or Trick 5. By all means the Belly must be kept open If it do not answer every day of it self let Clysters or lenitive Draughts provoke it 6. During the Solstices and Equinoxes the Person ought to ply proper Preservatives for fear of the Relapses which are wont to happen at those times 7. Blood-letting is improper excepting the Case of Suppressions Inflammations and Plethora's or where Madness is fear'd Willis fancies that when the old unactive Blood is drawn forth it gives occasion to the Generation of new spirituous Blood but he should have remembred that 't is Blood that begets Blood and that by Blood letting Stupidity and dull Folly is promoted Trepanations Issues and blistering Plaisters are sometimes us'd with Success 8. In the beginning of the Disease Purgatives may succeed to Vomits but in the progress of the Distemper they are very improper Dieuretics are incomparable Medicines for this Disease Melancolic People naturally void large quantities of Urine and its deep Tincture muddiness or blackness betokens the declension of the Distemper 10. The Hypochondria must be particularly taken care of in all sorts of Melancolies 11. By all means let Sleep be promoted by moist temperat Food c. 12. Opiats ought not to be exhibited alone nor before the Acid in the Stomac be remov'd by the universal Evacuations They ought to be mix'd with Specific and moistening Ingredients Externally Anodyn Fomentations for the Head Washes for the Feet c. are very proper 13. Their Diet must be very regular Their Food nourishing moist and temperat as Milk Raisins Apples c. A Glass of generous Wine is very proper now and then a moderat Exercise and the regular Evacuation of Excrements ought to be heedfully procur'd Now of the Medicines answering the foresaid intentions Antimony is the chief both in its vomiting and purgative Capacity but especially the former This and all other Emetics must be given in very large Doses tho it is proper to
if withal the Texture of this glandulous Membran is by frequent runnings rendred loose and flaccid in this Case I say there follows a continual and much more copious Flux of a serous Liquor of various Colours as yellow black or green and sometimes of a noisom smell This Flux is accompany'd with Cachexies loss of Appetite swelling of the Feet Belchings Weakness dulness of the venereal Appetite c. and ofttimes occasions Barrenness If it is of long continuance the Cure is hard especially in old Women if the matter is sharp it causes Itchings Burning Exulcerations of the Genitals Gangreens and at length Death In curing this Distemper we must first retrieve the Chylification of the Stomach by vomiting and stomachical Medicines 2. Correct the cachectic Crudity of the Blood partly by Steel and partly by volatil Salts and Aromatics 3. In particular we must resist the Disease with Specifics And 4. Repair the injury done to the solid parts with astringent and nervous Remedies Two Scruples of the Pouder of Asarum-root given after the use of Digestives is the choicest Vomit Purgatives are of no use but Sudorifics as Guaiacum Sassafras Juniper-wood c. and Diuretics as Turpentin c. may fitly supply their room Take Turpentin wash'd in Rose-water half an Ounce Pouders of red Coral and Bole Armenic of each half a Dram. Mix and take it twice a week fasting 't is an excellent Diuretic Rosemary is of noted efficacy to which some add leaves of Mint and Baum also the Roots of Galangal Cyperus Avens Marjoram Clove Gilly-flowers and their distill'd Oils also vulnerary Herbs as Ladies Mantle Agrimony c. Of Steel Medicines the chief are Liquor Martis Solaris Tincture of Steel with Tartar its Solution in Juice of Quinces c. Internal Specifics for this Flux are such as allay the saltish Acid dry up watry Humours and leave some astriction behind such are Misletoe of the Oak in Substance and Decoction the Decoction of the Pine-nut with the Wood of this Misletoe is an admirable Remedy drop Fern Tormentil Solomon's Seal Angelica and the like Garden and wild Clary us'd any way for internal or external Use dead Nettle with the white Flower its Water Conserve or Decoction Walnut-shells white flower'd Millfoil Fern-root Melilot with the white Flower Plantane Horse-tail white Daisy Woods of Mastic Guaiacum and Sassafras Chalybeat Milk mix'd with Bole Armenic shells of hatch'd Eggs either crude or calcin'd given to half a Dram the Bone of the Cuttle-fish Jaw-bone of a Pike River-Crabs Capons head powder'd burnt Cork given to a Dram Amber and its Preparations prepar'd Crystal Pumice-stone crude or calcin'd Diaphoretic Antimony feathered Allum Osteocolla the Pizzle of a Hart or Whale Of these Ingredients various Receipts may be prescrib'd As Take Ostoocolla prepar'd half an Ounce prepar'd Crystal and Jaw of a Pike of each a Dram with the Conserve of Rosemary-flowers make an Electuary to be taken twice or thrice a day Take Walnut-shells two Drams Aniseed a Dram. Mix and make a Pouder for four or five Doses Among external Remedies the Ointment of Clary is famous viz. Take Clary and beat it up with Butter let it stand sometime to putrify then boil and strain it with this anoint from the Navel to the Groin using it also by way of a Pessary Natural Baths are useful as also artificial ones made with Quick-lime Allum Sage Clary Mugwort Feverfew c. or Injections of the Ashes of Walnut-kernels with Wine Some use Fumigations with Mastic Frankincense Nutmeg Amber c. Or convey the Smoak of Sage by a Pipe Issues in the Thighs Legs and Shoulders are of use to divert the Humours SECT II. Of the Disorders of Women relating to the venereal Appetite CHAP. I. Of the loss of Virginity IN the outer Neck of the Womb behind the Urinary Passage there is a transverse Membrane plac'd which if the Lips of the Privity be drawn aside resembles a Crescent with a hole in the upper side but when the Lips fall together it has the appearance of three small fleshy Prominences like Myrtle-berries In the Integrity of this Membrane together with the straitness of the Vagina does Virgin-Innocence consist and Virginity is said to be lost when by the admission of the human Yard the former is violently broken or loosened and distended and the latter widened tho yet in the mean while it may be violated by other means Tho Virginity once lost can never be properly restor'd yet an artificial one aping the true may be obtain'd by straitning the Genitals and retrieving their natural Tone which is effected by Baths and Fomentations prepar'd of Astringents such as the Root of the greater Comfrey Plantane Ladies Mantle Rob of Acacia c. to which Allum must still be added As Take of Oak and Plantane-leaves of each a handful Root of the greater Comfrey three Ounces Galls an Ounce Allum half an Ounce boil them in water This Decoction may be injected by a Syringe or apply'd externally with a Spunge Moreover if we frequently foment the great soft and flagging Breasts of Women that have conceiv'd with the distill'd water of green Pine and wash them with the same at night letting them dry of themselves they will become little round and hard Ladies Mantle Feaverfew and Clary are also of use for this purpose That which provokes Virgins to forfeit their Title to the Angelical Character is Lust which they begin to entertain about the age of fourteen when the menstrual Flux commences CHAP. II. Of the Depravation of the venereal Appetite THE venereal Appetite or Lust is nothing else but a tender sense and tickling of the extended Clitoris caus'd by the influence of seminal matter abounding in the two glandâ—ous Prominences and other Glandules of the Vagina This according to nature ought to be moderat however it is sometimes deficient and sometimes it exceeds The languishing of the venereal Appetite is frequently occasion'd by the paucity of Genital Liquor and its want of Spirits proceeding sometimes from another Disease as the Scurvy Whites c. But if this Appetite is altogether wanting I am of opinion it is a default in the Structure or Conformation of the parts and admits of no cure As to the former it is an Evil of little danger save that it is ordinarily accompanied with barrenness The want of Genital Liquor may be supplied by the use of juicy Food and volatil Aromatics such as Musk Civet and Amber But if it is only the effect of other Causes 't is cur'd by their removal Externally foment with the Infusion of Ants together with their Nest and anoint the Groin and Privities with the Oil of Ants or with Aromatic Oils or Apoplectic Balsam mix'd with Civet and Musk. If the seminal humor contain'd in the glandulous Substance of the Vagina either by too long retention or otherwise become sharp saltish or somewhat acid it excites sometimes in the places through which it passes such an itching as disturbs Sleep
it continue long it may occasion Ulcers and Gangrens In order to prevent this Inconvenience the Midwife ought to tie the Navel-string to the Woman's Thigh till she be ready to draw forth the Afterbirth And then the Mother ought to be incourag'd to promote its Egress by Sneezing Coughing and in Case of Extremity Vomiting If all prove ineffectual let the expelling Medicines abovemention'd be administred especially the Spirit and Pouder of a human Secundine Myrrh Saffron Amber Castor and Borace If the After-birth be already corrupted in the Womb exhibit Elixir Proprietatis extracted with the Spirit of Venice Triacle camphoris'd In the interim let sharp irritating Clysters be injected and Pessaries of expelling Ingredients put up into the Womb. Glauberus orders a Mixture of Sal Armoniac and Salt of Tartar to be put into a Glass with a long Neck thrust into the Womb. Some anoint the parts with the Oils of Coloquintida Wall-flowers Savine Amber c. and order Fumigations of Myrrh Cinnamom Galbanum Castor Opoponax and Black Hellebor form'd into Troches with Cow's Gall. If these Prescriptions are still successless the Midwife must put her hand into the Womb and draw it out or if that cannot be done its Putrification must be promoted by injecting emollient Decoctions of Marshmallows Pellitory of the Wall Chamomil c. mix'd with Aloes Myrrh Oil of Roses and Vinegar of Wine to which we may add Lime-water Vnguentum Basilicon and a small quantity of that call'd Aegyptiacum After the Expulsion of the After-birth the next step is to regulate the Flux of the Lochia or the Child-bed Purgation If they are deficient we ought to consider if they are not voided some other way as by the Nostrils Stool c. In which Case we ought not to disturb Nature unless grievous Symptoms oblige us Besides if the Woman was wont to void but a small quantity of her monthly Courses or if she suckle the Child we are not to expect so large an Evacuation as otherwise The natural Method of this Flux is such that Blood is voided four days after Delivery from thence a watry Liquor like the washing of Flesh till the seventh day after that a viscous and serous Humour untainted with Blood continues to flow till the fourteenth or twentieth day Now the Causes of the Suppression of this Flux are external Cold drinking cold Liquors Anger Fear Grief Shame and the Collection of clotted Blood or viscid Humours in the Womb. The Symptoms of a Suppression are the Distention Hardness and Pain of the Belly a beating Heat about the Loins and Groin a shivering Feaver Headach difficult Respiration Swooning cold Sweats Doating and frequently Death If the Womb be inflam'd if a Pleurisy Dropsy or spitting of Blood insue 't is a dangerous Case As for the Cure of a Suppression of the Lochia if the Blood and Feaver boil high if Headachs difficult Respiration and such like Symptoms of the upper Region molest the Person let a Vein be open'd in the Arm and after the use of some internal Expellent open the Saphaena or apply Leeches to the Vagina or scarifying Cupping-glasses to the inside of the Thighs The internal Medicines are those of an expelling Virtue recommended above especially Myrrh Saffron Borace Amber Zedoary and Elixir Proprietatis If the Blood be clotted Castor and Sperma Caeti with Crabs-eyes and Wine are proper to which we may add some Grains of Laudanum Opiatum in case of violent Headachs and other Pains Externally let the Abdomen be fomented with the Decoctions of Chamomil Savine and wild Thyme and anointed with a Mixture of the Oil of Wall-flowers and the distill'd Oils of Cumin Juniper-berries and Amber applying afterwards a hot Brick or a Bag either dry or boil'd in Wine of Wormwood Chamomil Fever-few Angelica-roots the four great hot Seeds and Juniper-berries If the Urine be also stop'd apply to the lower Belly a Cataplasm of Chervil Pellitory of the Wall and Oil of Scorpions In the mean while it will not be improper to inject Clysters of the Decoctions of Specifics for the Womb and stimulating Ingredients and to order Fumigations from Coloquintida the Dross of the Regulus of Antimony Troches of Myrrh Bdellium c. Some put into the Vagina a little Bag of black Hellebor In a word this Symptom and that of a Suppression of the Terms require the same Cure Instead of a Suppression of the Lochia sometimes we meet with an immoderat Flux of Blood attended by a Prostration of Strength dimness of Sight tingling of the Ears and Swooning If the Blood be of an obscure and blackish Colour it proceeds from the Veins if its Colour be florid and a yellowish scarlet it comes from the Arteries and portends Danger The Causes are 1. The Redundancy and watry thinness of the Blood 2. It s Turgescence and accelerated Motion occasion'd by the abuse of spirituous Liquors in time of Labour or the administration of expelling Medicines 3. The Wounds of the Womb caus'd by the violent pulling of the After-birth in case of miscarrying or of its firm Adhesion to the Womb. 4. The Irritation of the Womb occasion'd by a Mola or Clots of Blood or pieces of the After-birth remaining The Cure is vary'd according to the respective Cause If the Blood be thin Sudorifics and Incrassating Ingredients are proper If it be overturgid Purslain Plantane Tormentil Loostrife and Acids take place If the Womb be wounded the Decoctions of Chervil and vulnerary Ingredients are recommended If a Mola or Pieces of the After-birth remaining cause an immoderat Flux we must be cautious of using strong Expellents because they promote the Flux But Aromatic Ingredients mix'd with Astringents may be safely administred Such are Tormentil Bistort Marjoram Pennyroyal Mugwort Troches of Amber c. In general all Preparations from Quinces the Pouder of Sea-horse Teeth given to a Dram the Preparations of Steel Blood-stone seal'd Earth burnt Hartshorn the solar Tincture of Steel given to fifteen Drops and the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol given to thirty Conserve of Roses and that of Comfry-roots with Laudanum Opiatum and in case of extremity Allum given to half a Dram These I say are generally approv'd in all Cases Externally apply Cupping-glasses under the Breasts or foment the Breasts and Genitals with a cold Mixture of Vinegar Juice of Housleek Nitre and Water of Frogs Spawn or apply a Cataplasm of Soot Vinegar of Roses and the Whites of Eggs to the Loins Some order Decoctions of astringent Ingredients and Hogs Dung in Smith's Water to be injected into the Womb. Others recommend a Girdle of black Hellebor-leaves ty'd round the Body The Redundancy and Turgescence of the Blood admits of bleeding in the Arm but no other Cause With reference to the Extraction of the After-birth and Regulation of the Child-bed Flux we ought to take notice of the After-pains that ofttimes succeed to Delivery These After-pains are call'd genuin when they 'r seated in the Womb as being only
a Continuation of its Contraction and expulsive Endeavours occasion'd by the irritation of the Womb from cold Wind clotted Blood the Remainders of the After-birth c. or its being wounded by sharp humours or a violent tearing of the Secundine They are styl'd spurious when they 'r lodg'd in the Guts and assume the form of Colic Pains The genuin ones are confin'd to the lower Belly and move downward whereas the others are more floating and direct their Course upward especially towards the left Hypochondrium If these Pains proceed from Cold we order a Fumigation of the Womb with Nutmegs if from clotted Blood we administer the Decoction of Chervil and Sperma Caeti inwardly If they occasion a Suppression of the Lochia â—â—ro the Irritation and Constriction of the Neck of the Womb let the Tincture of Tartar and Essence of Myrrh be exhibited If the Excoriation of the Womb gave root to 'em the Oil of Sweet Almonds and vulnerary Decoctions mix'd with Chalybeats give relief In general the Decoction Spirit and distill'd Oil of Chamomil is universally approv'd as an admirable Specific against all after-Pains To which we add ofttimes Elixir Proprietatis Zedoary Mug-wort Castor the Pouder of a human After-birth and the Carminative-seeds are likewise proper Ingredients In the last Extremity we are oblig'd to have recourse to Laudanum Opiatum Externally we foment the Womb with the Decoction of Mugwort and anoint it with the Oils of Chamomil Wall-flowers Cumin Dill Earth-worms c. and apply the Plaister of Galbanum call'd Matricale or carminative Cataplasms As for spurious Pains we treat 'em as Colics Sometimes Women in Child-bed are seiz'd with a Drousyness Swooning and Anxiety about the Stomac and Hypocondria which in effect are the Symptoms of a hysteric Passion and are remov'd by volatil Salts as Castor Spirit of Sal Armoniac c. and Antihysteric Clysters But if these Symptoms are attended by a Difficulty of Breathing they threaten an acute Feaver which forbids Clysters and requires a much different Cure of which more anon The Convulsions of Women in Childbed are generally retainers to this hysteric Passion or the Suppression of the Lochia and are cur'd by Myrrh and Castor join'd to succinat Spirit of Hartshorn and absorbent Pouders Sometimes hard Labour causes Excoriations Tumors or Rents on the Privity The first and last are cur'd by applying a Liniment of the Oil of St. John's-wort Balsam of Peru and Yelks of Eggs the second by fomenting with the Decoction of Chamomil and Elder-flowers in Wine and Water and applying a warm Cataplasm of fresh Brook-lime and Chamomil-flowers beaten together If the Capacity of the Vulva be so inlarg'd that the Rent passes through the Perinaeum let the Woman avoid all motion of coughing and apply the following Glue to the Lips of the Wound Take of Comfry-roots two Drams Bole Armenic Mastic Dragon's Blood Sarcocol fine Flower and Pompholix of each a Dram. With Rosin of the Pine-tree and the Whites of Eggs make a gluy Substance If the Lips of the Wound are already cover'd with Scars we treat it the same way as a Hair Lip If it be inflam'd and tend to a Gangrene we cut off the corrupt part wash the sound Flesh with Lime-water and cover it with the Balsam of Sulphur If the Woman in Child-bed be Costive or troubled with the dry Piles exhibit a very gentle Laxative and foment the Anus with emollient Decoctions If a Looseness seize her while the Lochia are suppress'd it ought not to be stopp'd any other way than by administring Specifics for retrieving the Flux of the Lochia But if their Flux continues or if an acute Feaver attend the Loosness it ought to be curb'd betimes by exhibiting Sudorifics and proper Specifics against Loosnesses and applying to the Navel or Stomac the Oil of Amber mix'd with the distill'd Oil of Mace If the Sphincter of the Bladder be so relaxated by the distention of Childbirth or the roughness of the Midwife's Hands that the Woman cannot retain her Urine she must foment the Parts with aromatic and astringent Decoctions and hang the Pouder of Toads in a Bag over her Breast or have recourse to the natural Hot-baths If Clots of Blood collected in the Passage for Urine occasion its Suppression let the Pubes be anointed with Oil of Scorpions and the Decoction of Chervil Chamomil and Sperma Ceti be us'd both inwardly and outwardly If hard Labour occasion wrinkles in the Belly let it be anointed with a Liniment of the Oil of Nutmegs Sperma Ceti Saffron and Wax The remaining Disorders incident to Women in Child-bed are the Milk-feaver and acute Diseases The occasion of the former is this The nutritious Juice that was wont to be measur'd out for the Child in the Womb stagnats in the Blood after Delivery and about the fourth day raises a feaverish Thirst and Fermentation by virtue of which 't is precipitated into the Breasts and converted into Milk while the remaining Recrements are voided by a natural Sweat about the seventh day If this Feaver be troublesome 't is alleviated by promoting the Flux of the Lochia especially if the Woman do not design to suckle her Child as the fix'd Salts with Diaphoretic Antimony and Myrrh or gentle Sudorifics will answer those who make account to suckle In general there 's nothing more friendly to Women in Childbed than continued breathing Sweats If anxiety and difficulty of breathing attend this Feaver we must have recourse to the expelling Emulsions of the Seeds of Turneps Columbines c. If the Breasts be hard and molested with pain foment 'em with the Spirit of Sal Armoniac and the Essence of Saffron and apply a Plaister of Saffron and Galbanum The acute Diseases of Women in Childbed are for the most part malignant and usher'd in by malign Symptoms If a Feaver is occasion'd by a Suppression of the Lochia we must endeavour to recover their Flux If the Lochia continue to run we must be cautious of exhibiting strong Sudorifics against the Feaver for fear of occasioning an untimely Suppression But withal remember to keep it within bounds and restrain it if there be occasion lest the Malignity should gain force by the excessive loss of Blood In general the Cure is perform'd by avoiding the least degree of cold and taking Sudorifics such as Mineral Bezoar Diâ—phoretic Antimony Cinnabar of Antimony the â—olatil Salt of Hartshorn and the fixed Salts mix'd with Myrrh and Amber in case of a Supprestion of the Lochia or with Astringents when they exceed measure exhibited in the Water of Swallows with Castor for a Vehicle Purging Clysters Blooding and sweet Syrups are generally noxious especially if the Feaver be very malignant attended by a tingling of the Ears heavyness of the Head difficulty of Breathing c. Tho the Person be molested with Thirst Acids ought to be cautiously us'd by reason that they may provoke the Womb or stop the Childbed Flux The Gelly of Hartshorn and Juice
Ceruss 2. Under the Second Head viz. Critical Swellings we comprehend Buboes Swellings of the Glandules behind the Ears the fiery Botches call'd Carbuncles those call'd Furunculi Phymata and Phygilta the Swellings in the Fingers call'd Paronychia and Chilblains in the Hands and Feet A Bubo is a Swelling in the Groin or Armpits If it lie deep low and flat 't is very dangerous If it accompany pestilential Feavers we ought to promote its Suppuration by avoiding Purgation and Bleeding exhibiting Sudorifics and applying externally Cataplasms of the Juice of Celandine mix'd with Venice Triacle Soot and roasted Onyons and Garlic or Toads dry'd and soak'd in Wine If the Skin be thick and the Swelling obstinat we apply a blistering Plaister and when the Blister is open Sala's Magnes Arsenicalis which will extract the Malignity in the form of a Crust After this Crust is remov'd we cleanse the Ulcer with a Mixture of the Balsam of Sulphur Ointment Basilicon and Venice Triacle Venereal Bubo's are accounted for above The Critical Swellings behind the Ears ought to be brought to a Head when they accompany malignant Feavers by ripening Cataplasms and Plaisters To which if the Swellings are very hard we add Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar and the stinking Oils of Guajacum and Tartar When the Swelling is ripe it ought to be open'd and cleans'd Carbuncles are very malignant Swellings caus'd by a sharp caustic lixivious Salt separated from the Blood which creates a bitter Heat and Pain mortifies and blackens the Part and occasions a crusty Ulcer like those that follow the Application of potential Cauteries This Ulcer is sometimes usher'd in by little whitish or livid Pushes and is always surrounded with a red or livid Circle according as the adjacent parts are more or less mortified 'T is cur'd thus Apply the Butter of Antimony to the middle of the Ulcer and make a Circle with it about the mortified part So the corrupt part will fall off and the further Progress of the Mortification be prevented In the room of the Butter of Antimony some choose to apply Sala's Magnes Arsenicalis the Part being first prepar'd by a blistering Plaister Valeriola orders it to be scarify'd and then he applies the following Cataplasm Take of the Juices of Comfry Scabious and Marygold of each an Ounce Venice Triacle three Drams common Salt a Dram and two Yelks of Eggs. Mix for a Cataplasm which separats the Crust and prepares the Ulcer for being cleans'd first by Vnguentum Aegyptiacum then by the Oil of Eggs the Balsam of Sulphur and the Plaister Diachylon with Gums In the mean while we administer internally Antimonial Sudorifics mix'd with Acids The Swellings call'd Furunculi are the red hot pointed Botches appearing in glandulous parts They are cur'd by promoting Suppuration and avoiding Repellents as likewise those call'd Phymata which are round glandulous Swellings flat in the lower part and pointed like a Plant in the upper Those styl'd Phygeltons are hard glandulous Swellings resembling a Mushroom adhering to a Tree They are cur'd by applying discussing Medicines mix'd with softning and anodyn Ingredients The Swelling call'd Paronychia is a painful Tumor of the Joints of the Fingers sometimes fix'd sometimes wandring from one Joint to another The Cause is a sharp corrosive Humour collected about the roots of the Nails where it gnaws the Periostium and Tendons and so causes Inflammations Imposthums and sometimes Gangrenes For Cure we administer Mercurial Purges and apply the Spirit of Earth-worms Balsam of Sulphur and the Plaister Diachylon or a Liniment of Earwax Sugar of Lead and the express'd Oil of Filberts Some order the Finger to be put into a new-laid Egg while 't is hot or into a Dunghil and held so for some time Sometimes 't is necessary to lay the Swelling open and then apply to it Venice Triacle dissolv'd in Wine And for a defensive to the whole Hand a Liniment of the Ointments Populeum and Album Camphoratum mix'd with Opium and Venice Triacle The Chilblains or Kibes are whitish Swellings in the Hands and Feet apt to become blewish and sometimes to ulcerat They are generally occasion'd by Cold and are cur'd or prevented by applying Rock-Oil or the distill'd Oil of the Pine-tree or the distill'd Oil of Turpentine mix'd with the express'd Oil of Rapes Some order the part to be rub'd Morning and Evening with Ice or cold Snow and to be wash'd with the Decoction of frozen Rapes or with the Spirit of Wine camphoris'd or impregnated with Strawberries or Saffron If the parts are much injur'd we apply Cataplasms of Yest distill'd Vinegar and Sulphur of Antimony If the Kibes are ulcerated we apply a Liniment express'd from a Rape excavated and fill'd with the Oil of St. John's-wort and so roasted or sprinkle 'em with the Pouder of Man's Dung and then anoint 'em with an Ointment of fresh Juniper-berries and boil'd Butter or of the Mucilage of Quinces extracted with Nightshade-water and mix'd with prepar'd Tutty 3. The Tumours next in order are such as proceed from the Disorders of the Lymph Such are the serous watry soft painless Swellings that receive no impression by the pressure of one's Finger and if look'd upon sideways seem to be pellucid They proceed from the Obstruction of the Lymph and are cur'd internally by administring Diuretics and the Decoctions of sudorific Woods externally by applying Lime-water impregnated with Spirit of Wine and Cataplasms of Cow's Dung Cumin-seeds and Lye or the Plaister of Bay-berries mix'd with Goat's Dung and Hony If the Lymph be viscid it occasions a soft white painless Swelling that retains Pits by the pressure of one's Finger and is call'd an Oedema which generally accompanies Chronical Distempers For the internal Cure we prescribe stomachical and aromatic Medicines and whatever corrects the Crudities of the Chyle that are justly accounted the Causes of viscid Lymph Externally we apply Discussives for 't is in vain to attempt Suppuration As Take of the Leaves of Tamarisk Rosemary and Rue of each a handful boil them in Wine till they become soft then add of the Meal of Vetches and Bran of each three Ounces Cow's Dung four Ounces Duck's Fat an Ounce and a half Hony four Ounces Make a Cataplasm If Oedema's happen in the declensions of Feavers Cataplasms of the Herb Robert or of Celandin bruisd with Wormwood are very proper Some fumigate the Parts with Amber and Vinegar upon red hot stones and apply the Plaister of Bay-berries mix'd with distill'd Oil of Amber renewing it twice a day Rosemary-leaves and Juniper berries boild in Lye for a wash for the Feet or Bay-berries boil'd in Lime-water and the Lee of Vine-twigs to be apply'd with a Spunge are much approv'd If the Swelling be hard a Cataplasm of Goats Dung and Man's Urine is very proper If the viscid Lymph be fix'd by an Acid and stagnat in glandulous parts it creats scrophulous Swellings call'd the King's Evil some of which are hard some soft some loose and moveable
ART IV. Of the Looseness call'd Caeliaca A Caeliaca is a Looseness by which the Chyle is voided together with the Excrements The Stomac is not faulty Chylification being duly perform'd there But the blame must either be cast on the Bile that is stopp'd in its Passage to the Guts or degenerat from its saline Acrimony and so unfit for separating the Chyle or on the milky Vessels thro which the Chyle ought to pass as having their Orifices cover'd with slime or shut by the Contraction and Corrosion of the Intestines by loosenesses c. Somtimes the obstruction of the Glandules of the Mesentery will also cause a Caeliaca If the Bile be defective the Excrements are white pale and parti-colour'd without any sign of Separation If the obstruction of the milky Vessels cause the Disease the Excrements are ting'd yellow and the Chyle tho voided at the same time is but loosely mix'd with 'em as having been separated in the Guts but disappointed of its Passage If the Bile be lazy or its Passage stop'd we use the Medicines prescrib'd for the Jaundice If the milky Vessels are block'd up we endeavour to remove the slime that besets 'em by attenuating opening Ingredients Astringents are not proper Mint Wormwood the opening Roots Rhubarb Fennel Aniseeds Gum Ammoniac distill'd with Verdigrese Sulphur and Oxymel c. are fit for opening the Obstructions After which the Tincture of Tartar or the Tincture of the dross of Regulus Antimonii or Chalybeat Tinctures mix'd with the Spirit of Salarmoniac or that of Urine or that de tribus are very convenient CHAP. III. Of Depravations relating to the Expulsion of Excrements by Stool ART I. Of a Desentery Tenesmus Hepatic Flux and Ieching of the Anus A Dysentery properly so call'd is a voiding of Blood and purulent Matter with throws and gripings In which sense 't is distinguish'd from the painless evacuation of thin watery Blood from the internal Hemorroid Veins call'd by the Ancienâ—s the Hepatic Flux and likewise from the natural discharge of Blood independent of the Guts caus'd by its redundancy in the Body as after Amputations suppression of the Terms c. or by its Acrimony opening the Vessels or the obstruction of the Bowels hindring its Circulation The Cause is some sharp acid that irritates the Guts provokes 'em to Contractions assembles the Blood by vertue of its Provocation and corrodes the Orifices of the Blood Vessels This may proceed from the Corruption of Matter in the Guts Summer Fruits Sugar Hony new Wine which become acid and ferment with the Bile Mercury Coloquintida Antimony Lead the coarse Powder of an Adamant Worms c. which vellicat the Guts and amass sharp humors in ' em If the acidity and sharpness be owing to these Causes the Dysentery is benign and free of Contagion But the cause of an epidemical malignant contagious looseness is a corrupt volatil acid not lodg'd in the Guts but immediately reigning in the Blood perverting its texture opening the Vessels inserted into the Guts and provoking 'em to convulsive Contractions from whence insue a malignant Feaver Gripings and bloody Stools So that tho previous Excoriations may take place in benign Dysenteries there is no occasion for 'em in the contagious malignant sort It being a sufficient cause of bloody Stools that the caustic ferment is a mortal Enemy to the Guts like to that of Antimony or Arsenic that perpetually thwarts and provokes 'em to Convulsions Upon which they squeeze out their blood together with their nutritious Juice that they are not then in a Capacity to receive and which is by some taken for the Mucus of the Guts whereas the large Quantities that are voided do sufficiently evince the contrary The signs are these The sick Person is seiz'd with unsufferable griping Pains in the Guts follow'd by frequent stools at first of whitish matter afterwards of Blood and slime mix'd together When he goes to Stool he is grievously tortur'd and the Guts and Bowels seem to descend If the Dysentery be malignant 't is wonderfully contagious propagating it self not only by the Breath but by using the same Clyster-pipe A malignant Feaver and all its dismal Symptoms accompany it If in the progress of the Disease pure Blood be voided 't is a sign of the corrosion or opening of some large Vessel in the Guts or Mesentery If a Dysentery be unseasonably stop'd the Guts are inflam'd and gangren'd the Throat beset with Wheals and Pimples the Intestinum Rectum sometimes molested with a Tenesmus and do vnfalling the Appetit dejected upon which insue Nauseating Vomiting the Hiccough Watchings and at last fatal Convulsions If the great Guts are affected the Pain is heavy and obscure seated towards the sides of the Belly and quickly follow'd by Stools the Excrements Slime and Blood are but indifferently mix'd and the Stomac less disorder'd than when the small Guts are the seat of the Evil for then there is a notable propension to Vomit the pain is more pricking and shooting plac'd above and below the Navel and not so quickly follow'd by Evacuations and the Matter when evacuated is exactly mix'd without any signs of distinction There are three degrees observable in a Dysentery The Symptoms of the first are bloody and slimy Stools In the second the slime gives some signs of an Excoriation and in the third of an Exulceration When the Guts are excoriated 't is either the Crust that covers 'em or part of their thick Tunicle or at most the Caruncles or inflam'd Glandules of the Guts that is voided If a Dyfentery be attended by a Vomiting Hiccough and malignant Symptoms if the Excrements are green black or fetid if the Looseness began from a green black corrosive Bile or an acid salin tenacious Pituita 't is a dangerous Case Convulsions and Doatings usher in Death The voiding of Caruncles is a fatal sign The Indolency of the Guts signifies a Gangrene If the Anus be so contracted that nothing can enter it bespeaks a fatal tumor in the Intestinum Rectum if it hang out and open so that Clysters are not retain'd t is Paralytic A Feaver succeeding to a Dysentery is a sign of the Inflammation or Corruption of the Intestins A Dysentery is frequently fatal to Women with Child unless it be very benign and not long before the time of Delivery If a bitter taste in the Mouth and bilious Vomits happen in the beginning if a Lienteria Hiccough wheals in the Throat or spots in the Face happen after it has continu'd some time and if the Intestines are ulcerated Death is at hand If the Person belch or fart 't is a good sign If the great Guts are the proper seat of the Evil there 's less danger Splenetic and gouty People are sometimes benefited by a Dysentery Now in order to form a distinct Idea of the Cure let us first give ear to the following Cautions 1. That by all means we ought to distinguish malignant Dysenteries from such as are benign
those from an internal Cause from others externally occasion'd 2. Notwithstanding the Clamors of some Authors Narcotics are very proper especially in the beginning but they ought to be mixt with convenient Specifics and given in very large Doses for Persons under this Disease can bear Opium wonderfully 3. In malignant Dysenteries laxative Medicines are very nocive but in benign ones they 're approv'd in the beginning if the Constitution of the Patient be Cacochymical or if the Dysentery proceed from Summer Fruits Rhubarb and Whey are fittest for this purpose but Narcotics ought to be mix'd with 'em and likewise exhibited by themselves both the preceding and following Nights 4. Vomits are very dangerous yet if the Chyle be corrupted and the Stomac much oppress'd if the Person vomit easily and have sufficient Strength to undergo the Tryal they may be ventur'd on But withal in a malignant Dysentery they are absolutely noxious unless an over-violent Purge or Poyson have occasion'd it 5. Sudorifics are always proper in Epidemical Dysenteries and ought never to be omitted They are much preferable to Purgatives or any other Medicines whatsoever 6. Astringents are very offensive at first After the use of gentle abstergent Laxatives in benign and that of Alexipharmacal Sudorifics in malignant Dysenteries they may be given in the declension of the Disease but not before 7. Blood-letting is to no purpose in most cases Nay even in the case of a suppression of the Terms it ought to be cautiously attempted if the Dysentery be malignant 8. All Clysters whatsoever tho never so softening irritat the Guts in some measure and promote a Tenesmus upon which account they ought to be very cautiously and sparingly us'd They are most proper in the declination of the Disease when the great Intestines are affected or stuff'd with sharp Humors and when the Dysentery is benign 9. A peculiar regard must be always had to the Stomac whose good or bad Condition alone stamps a hopeful or desperat Character on a Dysentery Warm Wine moderatly us'd is proper for this purpose 10. The Feet and external parts ought to be kept warm for the least Cold or the drinking of any cold Liquor revives and exasperats the Disease 11. There 's nothing so conducive as Rest and Quiet They ought not to stir from their Beds nor move when they are in ' em 12. Venery is oft-times a Sovereign Cure for a Dysentery From what is premis'd we may infer the Indications for Cure viz. To put a stop to the Irritation of the Intestins and repair the loss they 've sustain'd to purify the Blood and separat the preternatural ferment As for the particular Medicines answering these ends we shall first run over the Specifics peculiar to this Disease In which Class the Pizzle of a Whale leads the Van next is a Staggs Pizzle They are never pounded but only shav'd As Take of the shavings of a Stags Pizzle two drams Hysteric Laudanum nine Grains make a Powder for two Doses Take of the Decoction of a Whale's Pizzle a Pound and a half Cinnamom-water an ounce Syrup of Coral two or three ounces Make a Julep of which let the Patient take a Draught over Night They may be mix'd either in Powder or Decoction with other specific and common Ingredients of which more anon The next Specific is Hartshorn Its Decoction with Burnet is commended by Riverius for ordinary drinking It s Gelly may be mix'd with the Gelly of Stags Pizzle and dissolv'd in any Liquor Or thus Take of the Decoction of the shavings of a Stag's Pizzle a Pound Gelly of Hartshorn six drams Cinnamom-water six drams Syrup of Comfrey an ounce Make a Julep Next in order are the shavings of the Scull of a Man that dies a violent death given to a dram the Moss of the Scull given to a scruple the Powder of a Sea-horse Tooth or Unicorn's Horn given to a dram Oak Berries Misselto of the Oak The Powder prepar'd from Elder-berries call'd Tragaea Granorum Actes baken up anew with Hairs-blood and Stag's Pizzle and fresh Juice of the Berries the blood of a Hare kill'd by Dogs given in Powder to a dram or by way of Infusion a Clour soak'd in it being infus'd in Ale or ordinary Drink the Blood of a Lamb Kill'd after frighting us'd after the same method the dry'd Livers of Serpents and Vipers given to a Scruple Crystal the Livers of Green Frogs an Apple excavated and fill'd with Wax and Gum Arabic and so Roasted or rather a Quince with the same Ingredients Roasted the Dung of a Dog fed with Bones given to a Dram in Steeled Goats Milk the Pouder of Horse-hoof given to a Dram Satyrium Roots by way of Infusion the Decoction or Pouder of Cork Wallnut-Catkins given to a Dram in Pouder Tormentil Rob of Sorbe Apples Mineral Unicorn Dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol taken from the Vitriol of Steel Sulphur and its Flowers Ashwood given to a Dram in warm Wine and Allum of which Four or Five Grains are given with Cinnamom very successfully Thus far the most Noted Specifics The Common Ingredients which we usually joyn to them are the Astringent Styptic absorbent and fat Oily Medicines recommended against Vomiting Loosenesses and the Cholera Goats Milk in the beginning of the Disease is a good Abstergent and towards the end Cows Milk Consolidats and Heals Chalybeat Milk with Comfrey and Tormentil Roots or the shavings of Stag's Pizzle or Rice or Yelks of Eggs and Juice of Ivy boyl'd in it is of excellent use The Essence and Syrup of Comfrey the Extract of Venice Treacle or that of Tormentil given with Laudanum Opiatum at Night in Pills The Spirit of Venice Treacle Camphoris'd The Tincture of Coral Prepar'd with Spirit of Sassafras The Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol The Styptic Liquor Prepar'd from Seal'd Earth and Spirit of Nitre call'd Liquor Aureus The Tincture of Blood-stone Myrrh and its Essence Amber and its Troches Sugar of Lead a Noted Specific The Tincture Extracted from the Earth of Gold Mines by Spirit of Salt These I say are all Common Ingredients A few Receipts shall serve for Examples In a Benign Dysentery if it be Convenient either in the Beginning or Declension to Purge of which we must be very cautious Let Laudanum Opiatum be exhibited over Night then in the Morning take of Diascordium a Dram Rhubarb two Scruples Laudanum Opiatum two Grains With Syrup of Quinces make a Bolus to be Reiterated Or Take of Plantan Water an Ounce Powder of Rhubarb a Dram Laudanum Opiatum a Grain With Syrup of Quinces make a Potion In a Malignant Dysentery let Laxatives be omitted and prescribe thus Take of Hartshorn Prepar'd without fire a Scruple Diaphoretic Antimony half a Scruple Volatil Salt of Vipers five Grains Laudanum Opiatum one Grain Mix. Take of Mint Water an Ounce Spirit of Venice Treacle Camphoris'd two Drams Diaphoretic Antimony a Scruple Human Bones calcin'd half a Scruple Extract of Venice Treacle five Grains
Boyl them and express the Liquor to which add a handful of the Leaves of Toad-flax then express again and add the yelks of two Eggs. Make a Liniment and anoint the part or add to it express'd Oyl of Henbane-seeds and Sugar or Lead in case of an Inflammation The Oyl of the Berries of the Herb Paris for Women with Child or Oyl of Stag-flies Oyl of Wood-lice and that of Box-wood are very much recommended for Inunctions Take of the Mucilages of Fleawort-seeds of Quince-seeds and Linseeds prepar'd with Rose-water of each an ounce fresh Butter an ounce with the yelks of two Eggs and Oyl of Roses beat them in a leaden Mortar till they become livid and make a Liniment of excellent use against Inflammations of the Piles The Oyl of Eggs Spirit of Wine camphoris'd and Sugar of Lead may be added The Balsam of Sulphur prepar'd with express'd Oyl of Poppy-seeds or mix'd with Camphyr and Sugar of Lead or with the Oyl of Eggs and that of Bricks is of very good use in External Applications Some put Venice Treacle mix'd with Sugar of Lead and the Oyl of the Balsam-Apple upon a Clout and thrust it into the Fundament Figwort Orpine and Pilewort are three famous Specifics they are given inwardly by way of Infusion in Ale or Wine Their Roots are given also in Powder Figwort-roots mix'd with fresh Butter and kept in a Cellar for fifteen days yield a noble Liniment The Juice of Pilewort externally applied is also of excellent use Take of the Roots of Figwort and Pilewort of each half an ounce with Oyl of Mullen make a Liniment If they become Chronical let an Issue be cut in the Thigh If they are ulcerated let fulminatory Gold mix'd with Oyl of sweet Almonds be applied Upon the whole 't will not be improper to take notice of Wedelius's Caution viz. That Ointments are not always the most convenient forms by reason that they inlarge the Capacity of the Veins stop the Transpiration and augment the Heat SECT X. Of Worms in the Guts HAving discours'd of the Expulsion of the Excrements we come next to consider what preternatural things the Guts may contain viz. Worms They are either long or broad or very small call'd Ascarides and confin'd to the Intestinum Rectum The immediat Cause is the seed of Worms convey'd into our Bodies The remote cause is putrify'd Crudities in the Stomac and Guts and the deficiency or weakness of the Bile which is the true scare-crow of Worms The Symptoms are an acid smell in the Mouth stinking Spittle copiously voided and with some squeamishness the Excrements in Colour resembling Cows-dung the yellowness of the white of the Eye or a Jaundice Sometimes a biting pain seizes and distends the Belly especially in a Morning and the Person is troubl'd with night fears gnashing of Teeth trembling Convulsions corrosion of the Gums Consumption of the Body the Face is red and pale by turns the Appetit voracious and fierce the Symptoms are exasperated by acid bitter Victuals and mitigated by Milk and sweet things The Person is molested with a dry Cough and thirst when his Belly is empty Broad Worms have this peculiar Symptom that little things like Gourd-seeds are interspers'd with the Excrements The Ascarides observe the Motions of the Moon By day they are generally quiet but from ten a Clock at night till Morning they rage Sometimes they 'll corrode the Buttocks and Thighs and creat Ulcers in the Anus and Intestinum Rectum The broad sort are expell'd with the greatest difficulty Worms frequently introduce troublesom Diseases If in the beginning of a Disease they throw themselves out 't is a sign of great malignity within In the Declension or after Concoction 't is look'd upon as a good sign In the Diseases of Children Worms are always suspected All sorts of Worms ought to be attack'd during the wane of the Moon Jalap Rhubarb and sweet Mercury are proper Purges The Specifics are Horse-Radishes Water-Cresses Centory Wormwood Peach-flowers Turnsil Flowers of St. John's-wort Savin Water-Germander Gentian Zedoary Onyons Garlic Leeks Myrrh Aloes Spirit of Hartshorn the Decoction of Quicksilver in Onyon or Garlick-water or Quicksilver beat up with Sugar to a Powder of which half a dram is a Dose the Oyls of Hazel and Juniper-woods the acid Spirits mix'd with fair Water such as that of Vitriol of Sulphur c. While the Worms are lodg'd in the small Guts inject Clysters of Milk and the Decoctions of Figs Raisins Liquorice Hony c. to invite 'em to come down If they 're arriv'd at the great Intestins kill 'em with Clysters of the Decoction of Gentian Wormwood Grass-roots c. In the mean while apply to the Belly the Gall of a Bull mix'd with Powder of Coloquintida or a Cataplasm of Myrrh Aloe Vinegar of Roses and Bull 's Gall or Rock Oyl and Oyl of Hazel-wood with Hiera Picra or the Ointment of Soubread with Quicksilver The broad Worms are cur'd by the Juice of Horse-radishes and the Powder of Jalap with Worm-seed The Ascarides require Suppositories of Dutch Cheese or Lard and Hony and Clysters of Coloquintida SECT XI Of Pains in the Guts and particularly of the Colic WHEN the Guts are irritated and suffer wringing Convulsions they are molested with a pain call'd Gripings Sometimes these Pains reach only the small Intestins and then their Station is about the Navel and Center of the Belly and are much more violent than those in the great Guts If they range not beyond the Duodenum or beginning of the Jejunum they are felt in the Loyns bending towards the right Hypochondrium and are oftimes mistaken for Nephritic Pains or those caus'd by the Convulsions of the mesenteric Nerves or the Tumors and Ulcers of the Pancreas The Pains in the great Guts are for the most part felt in the Colon especially that part of it towards the Circumference of the Belly upon the left side where 't is straitned and incurvated and consequently more liable to the shocks of Wind and more apt to stop the Circulation of the Excrements and cause their swelling up into a Tumor sometimes hard sometimes soft This Pain and Tumor is frequently imputed to the Spleen whereas the Spleen is incapable of any shooting pricking pain such as this is it s Membran being almost insensible and besides it lies too low to display its tumor externally Moreover this pain is exasperated by riding immediately after eating and tho it may be compatible to the Jejunum in the left corner from whence it runs to the Center of the Belly yet the Colon is its usual Seat And sometimes it veers about to the right side of the Belly upon the outermost Circumference where the same Colon pursues its Course This last mention'd Pain is a Colic properly so call'd but for somuch as the generality of Writers do comprehend the former under the same Title I shall not depart from the usual Measures of prescribing their Cure without Distinction
especially considering that the same is the cause of both Tho the Pains of the Guts be equally caused by Convulsions and Contractions yet the difference of antecedent Causes requires Consideration These I cast into two Heads 1. Some irritating matter provoking the Guts to such Convulsions 2. The disorder and uneasiness of the Nerves inserted into the Guts while they themselves are faultless as to the matter contain'd in ' em If the Irritating humor be a viscous acid mucilage or hard Excrements fasten'd to the pleats of the Guts it creats a fix'd boring sort of Pain its viscidity settles it in one station and its acidity acts the boring part This humor causes the common Colic It sculks for most part in that corner of the Colon towards the left side of the Belly where 't is contracted and bended downwards It is incident to Hypocondriac acid Constitutions and requires much the same sort of attenuating Medicines If this acid acquire any notable sharpness it shoots and pricks as it were with a Needle If the humor be a viscous matter hatching an imprison'd acid it causes Wind and consequently distending Pains supposing still that the Intestins are molested with convulsive Contractions which stop the Egress and occasion the rebounding of the Wind. If the humor be altogether viscid without any acrimony it causes a heavy dull Pain If the irritating cause be Worms or some sharp saltish acid it gnaws the Guts If the Guts are inflam'd or the Arteries contracted by the Convulsions they occasion a beating sort of Pain The Disorders and Convulsions of the Nerves running from the great Mesenteric Plexus will cause tearing wringing and contracting Pains They are occasion'd sometimes accidentally as by Nephritic Pains and Child-birth when the Mesenteric Plexus being irritated by vertue of its near intercourse with the Nerves of the Kidnies and the Womb pulls and contracts both the Stomac and Guts which it supplies with Nerves At other times they are Retainers to some fix'd permanent habitual Cause that tho it lye latent for some time has always an ascendant in the Body These are either Scorbutic or Hypochondriac or Hysteric or Nephritic and are owing to the Convulsions of the Mesenteric Plexus to which the Intestins are annex'd it being gall'd with an offensive acid oftimes the Nerves of the Throat are likewise contracted at the same time occasioning a difficult Respiration and a sort of Suffocation Of this nature likewise are the griping Pains which follow an irregular Cure of Feavers as being caus'd by transferring the morbific Matter to the Glandules of the Mesentery and the subsequent Irritations of its Nerves Both these sorts of Pains viz. those caus'd by a vicious humor in the Intestins and those by a foreign irritation of their Nerves are equally attended by the successive returns of Cold and Heat The Cold proceeds from the Vellication of the Membrans when 't is universal or the prevalency of the acid Juice of the Pancreas when it is chiefly felt about the Loyns The heat from the impetuosity of the Spirits and the acceleration of the Bloods motion or when the humor is lodg'd in the Duodenum from the prevalency of the Bile or its strugling with the Juice of the Pancreas and accordingly it is most perceivable in that place The Belly is frequently costive by reason of the Contractions of the Guts If it happen to be soluble the Colic from the humors in the Guts is mitigated but that from a mere irritation receives no benefit Oftimes the Nerves of the Stomac are influenc'd by the mesenteric Plexus and a Vomiting insues If the Urine be watry 't is a Nephritic Colic if 't is highly tinctur'd towards the middle and colour'd in the surface and the Anus obstinatly shut 't is a Scorbutic Colic if Respiration be difficult and the Breast Perplex'd 't is Hysteric if the Convulsion of the Intestins be attended by a Pain reaching to the Pubes and Haunch-bone the Womb is disorder'd If the Colic be caus'd by the mere irritation of the Nerves the Pain is tearing and not heavy or dull and the Urine is milky and pale impregnated with a large Sediment A Colic is distinguish'd from simple Nephritic Pains by these Symptoms After eating or the use of Aromatics 't is mitigated the Urine undergoes no sudden Changes tho a Strangury and high Color may attend the Scorbutic sort Clysters and Evacuations give ease and the heavy Pain does not incessantly molest the Loyns Now the Symptoms of Nephritic Pains are directly contrary to these The Causes of Colics are already hinted at In general some noxious acid either irritats the Nerves being seated in the Plexus of the Mesentery or reigning in the Guts The Pancreatic Juice is of that nature The Bile is of a contrary diluting quality and do's not of it self cause Colic Pains unless it become black rusty and green as in the Bilious Colics The Remote Causes are whatever promotes Corruption in the Stomac or Guts increases or exalts an Acid or Creates an uneasiness to the Guts and Membrans of the Body Of these more under the Head of Iliac Passions A Bilious Colic or that proceeding from humors in the Guts is of a meek Character unless it be flatulent Sometimes it Degenerats into Ulcers If the body be very costive and the Anus retracted 't is a fatal symptom and portends an Iliac Hoarseness and Vomiting are bad Symptoms Convulsive Colics especially the Scorbutic Kind are very dangerous and obstinat and frequently end in Epilepsies or some such disorder of the Head The Cure is endeavour'd both during the Paroxysm and after its disappearance In the Paroxysm the Indications are to allay the Irritation of the Guts correct and evacuate the peccant Matter if the Colic proceed from vicious Humors and redress the Disorders of the Nerves if it be Convulsive In order to compass these Ends 1. The Belly ought to be kept open with Clysters especially if the Colic proceed from Vicious Humors in the Guts or if the Great Guts be their Habitation If the Small Guts are affected gentle Laxatives taken by the Mouth are much preferable In Convulsive Colics we may inject emollient Anodyn Clysters of Turpentine c. But when a Humor or harden'd Ordure prevails in the great Guts we may add sharp Purging Ingredients As Take of the Decoction of Pease Eight Ounces Infusion of Crocus Metallorum two or three OUnces Lenitive Electuary or Oyl of Olives an ounce Mix for a Clyster When the great Guts are afflicted by hard Excrements some add the Extract of the greater Common Spurge instead of the Antimonial Infusion The Smoak of Tobacco is also proper for the same purpose For Convulsive Colics Take of the Emollent Decoction one Pound Turpentine dissolv'd with the Yelk of an Egg two three or four ounces strain'd Hony six or eight Drams Make a Clyster The Oyl of Linseed and Rape-Oyl are likewise very proper For old Persons an Anodyn Clyster may be prepar'd of