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cause_n court_n justice_n law_n 3,065 5 4.7299 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A64087 The general history of England, as well ecclesiastical as civil. Vol. I from the earliest accounts of time to the reign of his present Majesty King William : taken from the most antient records, manuscripts, and historians : containing the lives of the kings and memorials of the most eminent persons both in church and state : with the foundations of the noted monasteries and both the universities / by James Tyrrell. Tyrrell, James, 1642-1718. 1696 (1696) Wing T3585; ESTC R32913 882,155 746

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court_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o chief_a next_o to_o that_o of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v call_v curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la regis_fw-la because_o oftentimes_o as_o sir_n wil._n dugdale_n inform_v we_o the_o king_n himself_o sit_v here_o in_o person_n have_v several_a justice_n à_fw-fr latere_fw-la svo_fw-la residentes_fw-la as_o 10._o bracton_n express_v it_o 38._o and_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o ealdorman_a or_o chief_a justiciary_a of_o all_o england_n supply_v his_o place_n concern_v this_o court_n though_o we_o have_v not_o many_o memorial_n leave_v of_o it_o before_o the_o conquest_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_o at_o that_o time_n in_o be_v since_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v then_o the_o great_a court_n of_o all_o appeal_v as_o well_o criminal_a as_o civil_a long_o after_o the_o conquest_n before_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n be_v take_v out_o of_o it_o for_o here_o it_o be_v that_o k._n alfred_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v re-hear_a and_o examine_v the_o false_a judgement_n of_o his_o inferior_a judge_n in_o the_o hundred_o and_o county-court_n and_o here_o it_o be_v also_o that_o he_o condemn_v above_o forty_o of_o they_o to_o be_v execute_v in_o one_o year_n for_o their_o erroneous_a sentence_n in_o matter_n of_o life_n and_o death_n 5._o as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o great_a court_n who_o power_n now_o reside_v in_o that_o of_o the_o king's-bench_n and_o common-plea_n neither_o the_o chancery_n nor_o exchequer_n have_v then_o any_o be_v the_o former_a of_o which_o commence_v long_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v erect_v by_o king_n william_n the_o first_o i_o have_v but_o two_o observation_n to_o make_v concern_v our_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n court_v of_o justice_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v that_o strict_a union_n there_o then_o be_v as_o well_o in_o the_o folk-mote_n and_o county-court_n as_o 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inferior_a court_n not_o only_o perplex_v but_o unsafe_a and_o vexatious_a to_o the_o subject_a parliament_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n call_v in_o saxon_a the_o wittena-gemot_a or_o mycel-synoth_a in_o latin_a magnum_n or_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o great_a or_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o three_o estate_n which_o we_o now_o call_v our_o parliament_n which_o court_n the_o author_n of_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n express_o tell_v we_o that_o king_n alfred_n ordain_v for_o a_o perpetual_a custom_n that_o twice_o in_o the_o year_n or_o often_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n if_o business_n so_o require_v they_o shall_v assemble_v at_o london_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o good_a government_n of_o god_n people_n and_o how_o folk_n shall_v be_v restrain_v from_o offend_a and_o live_v in_o quiet_a and_o shall_v receive_v right_o by_o certain_a ancient_a usage_n and_o judgement_n etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o this_o author_n time_n viz._n that_o of_o edward_n i._o it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n ancient_o meet_v of_o course_n twice_o in_o the_o year_n without_o any_o express_a summons_n from_o the_o king_n and_o this_o it_o seem_v be_v afterward_o alter_v to_o thrice_o in_o the_o year_n viz._n at_o the_o three_o great_a feast_n of_o christmas_n easter_n and_o whitsuntide_n when_o the_o king_n meet_v his_o estate_n with_o great_a solemnity_n wear_v his_o crown_n upon_o all_o solemn_a day_n of_o entertainment_n and_o when_o the_o feast_v be_v over_o they_o fall_v to_o dispatch_v the_o public_a affair_n 347._o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n well_o observe_v these_o state_v council_n which_o be_v then_o hold_v ex_fw-la more_n as_o our_o historian_n term_v it_o i._n e._n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n continue_v long_o after_o the_o conquest_n as_o shall_v be_v far_o show_v hereafter_o but_o if_o this_o council_n happen_v to_o meet_v at_o any_o other_o extraordinary_a time_n than_o the_o king_n be_v special_a summons_n be_v requisite_a as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o ingulf_n under_o anno_fw-la dom._n 948._o where_o he_o tell_v we_o king_n edred_n summon_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o all_o the_o proceres_fw-la and_o optimates_fw-la i._n e._n chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o meet_v he_o at_o london_n at_o the_o purification_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n whence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o summons_n be_v thus_o issue_v because_o this_o council_n be_v extraordinary_a as_o not_o be_v hold_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it at_o any_o of_o the_o usual_a great_a feast_n abovemention_v concern_v the_o original_a of_o this_o great_a assembly_n since_o sir_n robert_n filmer_n in_o all_o his_o work_n 118._o and_o particular_o in_o his_o patriarcha_fw-la and_o dr._n johnston_n in_o his_o excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n will_v have_v this_o as_o 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of_o the_o land_n and_o privilege_n of_o croyland_n monastery_n in_o a_o great_a council_n id._n p._n 254._o of_o king_n berthwulf_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n confirm_v under_o the_o rule_n of_o st._n benedict_n in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o kingsbury_n id._n p._n 261._o of_o king_n edgar_n about_o his_o subdue_a the_o great_a part_n of_o ireland_n with_o the_o city_n of_o dublin_n and_o to_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o the_o isle_n as_o far_o as_o norway_n doubtless_o fictitious_a l._n 6._o p._n 12._o by_o a_o extract_n from_o king_n cnute_n charter_n preserve_v in_o the_o evidence_n of_o that_o church_n the_o port_n of_o sandwich_n be_v give_v to_o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n with_o all_o the_o issue_n etc._n etc._n id._n p._n 54._o of_o king_n cnute_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n edmundsbury_n grant_n and_o confirm_v all_o its_o land_n and_o privilege_n the_o beginning_n of_o it_o somewhat_o remarkable_a ibid._n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o coventry_n ratify_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o a_o bull_n of_o pope_n alexander_n id._n p._n 72._o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n to_o confirm_v the_o foundation_n of_o waltham-abbey_n id._n p._n 89._o the_o curia_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n confirm_v his_o charter_n of_o endowment_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o westminster_n part_n of_o which_o be_v there_o set_v down_o id._n p._n 94._o charter_n and_o other_o write_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v make_v after_o the_o french_a way_n id._n p._n 98._o chastity_n queen_n etheldrith_n though_o twice_o marry_v yet_o will_v not_o suffer_v either_o of_o her_o husband_n to_o know_v she_o l._n 4._o p._n 198_o 199._o a_o heroic_a example_n of_o it_o in_o the_o abbess_n of_o coldingham_n nunnery_n in_o yorkshire_n l._n 5._o p._n 269._o king_n edgar_z perhaps_o love_v it_o in_o other_o though_o he_o do_v not_o muc●_n practice_v it_o himself_o l._n 6._o p._n 11._o edward_n the_o confessor_n high_o extol_v his_o wife_n for_o her_o chastity_n id._n p._n 96._o cherbury_n in_o shropshire_n ancient_o call_v cyricbyrig_n l._n 5._o p._n 316._o chertsey_n in_o surrey_n ancient_o call_v ceortesige_n l._n 6._o p._n 6._o chester_n ancient_o call_v legion_n l._n 4._o p._n 164._o legacester_n l._n 5._o p._n 301._o l._n 6._o p._n 8._o concacestre_fw-fr l._n 5._o p._n 286._o call_v also_o caerlegion_n l._n 5._o p._n 315._o and_o cunaeceaster_n l._n 6._o p._n 26._o the_o place_n where_o the_o dane_n take_v up_o their_o quarter_n against_o king_n alfred_n force_n which_o make_v they_o suffer_v great_a extremity_n l._n 5._o p._n 301._o repair_v by_o the_o command_n of_o earl_n ethelred_n and_o his_o wife_n ethelfleda_n id._n p._n 315._o the_o head_n of_o leofred_n a_o dane_n and_o gryffyth_v ap_fw-mi madoc_n set_v up_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tower_n there_o id._n p._n 321._o the_o province_n much_o spoil_v and_o ruin_v by_o the_o norwegian_a pirate_n l._n 6._o p._n 20._o chichester_n the_o bishop_n see_v be_v former_o at_o selsey_n l._n 4._o p._n 198._o ancient_o cisseancester_n in_o sussex_n where_o the_o dane_n carry_v their_o prey_n from_o alfred_n l._n 5._o p._n 300._o the_o bishopric_n be_v call_v that_o of_o the_o south-saxons_a l._n 6._o p._n 88_o chiltern_n the_o woody_n country_n of_o buck_n and_o oxfordshire_n ancient_o call_v clytern_a l._n 6._o p._n 34._o chipnam_fw-la vid._n cippenham_n choisy_n ancient_o cazii_n signify_v a_o royal_a village_n it_o be_v in_o france_n l._n 5._o p._n 290._o christianity_n first_o preach_v in_o this_o island_n when_o and_o by_o who_o l._n 2._o p._n 51_o 52._o when_o and_o by_o who_o first_o preach_v in_o germany_n l._n 4._o p._n 211._o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n have_v the_o port_n in_o sandwich_n give_v to_o it_o by_o king_n cnute_n with_o all_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n etc._n etc._n l._n 6._o p._n 54._o chrysanthius_n the_o son_n of_o marcian_n a_o novatian_a bishop_n suppose_v to_o be_v send_v into_o britain_n by_o theodosius_n as_o his_o lieutenant_n l._n 2._o p._n 97._o church_n pope_n gregory_n determination_n concern_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n l._n 4._o p._n 156._o when_o their_o due_n ought_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o the_o punishment_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o they_o a_o sanctuary_n to_o those_o that_o fly_v to_o it_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o capital_a crime_n the_o punishment_n those_o be_v to_o undergo_v that_o fight_n in_o a_o church_n id._n p._n 208._o withred_n great_a care_n of_o the_o church_n in_o kent_n id._n p._n 210_o 211._o be_v free_v from_o all_o public_a payment_n and_o tribute_n whatsoever_o id._n p._n 212._o with_o how_o bright_a a_o lustre_n religion_n shine_v in_o the_o primitive_a church_n l._n 5._o p._n 24●_n alfred_n law_n entitle_v the_o immunity_n of_o the_o church_n id._n p._n 292_o 296_o 297._o the_o forfeiture_n for_o steal_v any_o thing_n from_o thence_o id._n p._n 297._o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n for_o prince_n themselves_o to_o be_v blind_o obedient_a to_o the_o discipline_n of_o it_o l._n 6._o p._n 3._o edgar_n law_n concern_v the_o immunity_n of_o the_o church_n l._n 6._o p._n 13._o when_o church_n in_o wales_n begin_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o superiority_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n id._n p._n 21._o the_o original_a of_o coat-armour_n its_o be_v hang_v up_o in_o church_n from_o whence_o suppose_v id._n p._n 57_o in_o all_o court_n of_o civil_a plea_n cause_n concern_v holy_a church_n be_v to_o be_v first_o determine_v id._n p._n 99_o those_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o church_n not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o plead_v out_o of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n unless_o justice_n be_v want_v there_o ibid._n the_o law_n concern_v those_o who_o violate_v the_o peace_n of_o it_o ibid._n when_o the_o church_n be_v not_o excuse_v from_o pay_v of_o danegelt_n id._n p._n 100_o in_o what_o case_n the_o church_n be_v to_o have_v one_o moiety_n of_o treasure-trove_a id._n p._n 101._o cimbric_n chersonese_n now_o call_v jutland_n l._n 3._o p._n 121._o cimerii_n and_o cimbri_n derive_v from_o gomer_n by_o who_o the_o ancient_a gallia_n wa●_n first_o inhabit_v l._n 1._o p._n 4._o cippenham_n now_o chipnam_n in_o wiltshire_n l._n 5._o p._n 262_o 283._o cirencester_n the_o city_n besiege_v take_v and_o burn_v and_o by_o who_o l._n 3._o p._n 148._o civilis_fw-la send_v for_o by_o theodosius_n to_o govern_v britain_n as_o vice-praefect_a l._n 2._o p._n 93._o civil_a war_n between_o cartismandua_n and_o venutius_n l._n 2._o p._n 45_o 46._o between_o otho_n and_o vitellius_n id._n p._n 53._o claudia_n rufina_n wife_n of_o pudens_n a_o senator_n of_o rome_n l._n 2._o p._n 66._o vid._n rufina_n claudian_n his_o verse_n in_o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la getico_n suppose_v to_o be_v design_v for_o the_o second_o departure_n of_o the_o roman_a legion_n l._n 2._o p._n 101._o claudius_n the_o emperor_n as_o he_o be_v come_v to_o invade_v the_o britain_n have_v twice_o like_a to_o 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great_a lord_n or_o senator_n then_o present_o he_o be_v with_o the_o doctor_n a_o trifle_a old_a monk_n very_o little_a curious_a in_o observe_v the_o constituent_a part_n or_o member_n of_o our_o saxon_a great_a council_n have_v thus_o show_v some_o of_o dr._n brady_n erroneous_a and_o inconsiderate_a gloss_n concern_v the_o english-saxon_a nobility_n before_o the_o conquest_n which_o he_o vain_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n i_o shall_v now_o endeavour_v to_o settle_v some_o true_a notion_n relate_v to_o those_o great_a council_n which_o as_o to_o the_o lay-member_n beside_o the_o ealdorman_n abovementioned_a i_o conceive_v consist_v of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o thanes_z or_o freeholders_n who_o be_v then_o all_o gentleman_n either_o by_o birth_n or_o estate_n for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v from_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelstan_n that_o a_o mere_a ceorl_n man_n if_o he_o have_v purchase_v five_o hide_n of_o thane_n land_n do_v 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offer_v to_o abridge_v it_o hoc_fw-la nomine_fw-la scilicet_fw-la barones_n comitatus_fw-la say_v he_o contineri_fw-la videtur_fw-la antiquis_fw-la paginis_fw-la omnis_fw-la baronum_fw-la feodalium_fw-la species_n in_o uno_fw-la quovis_fw-la comitatu_fw-la degentium_fw-la proceres_fw-la nempè_fw-la &_o maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la liberè_fw-la quique_fw-la tenentes_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la fundorum_fw-la proprietarii_fw-la anglicè_fw-la freeholder_n notandum_fw-la autèm_fw-la est_fw-la liberè_fw-la hos_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nec_fw-la tàm_fw-la exile_n olìm_fw-la fuisse_fw-la nec_fw-la tàm_fw-la vulgares_fw-la ut_fw-la hodiè_fw-la deprehenduntur_fw-la nam_fw-la villa_n &_o dominia_fw-la in_fw-la minutas_fw-la haereditates_fw-la nondùm_fw-la distrahebant_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sed_fw-la ut_fw-la vidimus_fw-la in_o hiberniâ_fw-la penès_fw-la se_fw-la retinentes_fw-la agros_fw-la per_fw-la precarios_fw-la excolebant_fw-la &_o adscriptitio_n vid._n ll._n edw._n confess_v cap._n 15._o quod_fw-la per_fw-la hundredum_fw-la colligerentur_fw-la 46_o marcae_fw-la &_o sigillo_fw-la alicujus_fw-la baronum_fw-la comitatus_fw-la sigillarentur_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la thesaurum_fw-la regis_fw-la deportarentur_fw-la in_o domesd._n habiti_fw-la sun●_n barones_n comitatus_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o curiis_fw-la praesunt_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la ipsarum_fw-la curiarum_fw-la judices_fw-la quos_fw-la hen._n 1._o ll._n suarum_fw-la cap._n 30._o esse_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la comitatûs_fw-la demonstrat_fw-la regis_fw-la inquit_fw-la judices_fw-la sunt_fw-la barones_n comitatus_fw-la qui_fw-la liberas_fw-la in_o eye_n terras_fw-la habent_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la debent_fw-la causae_fw-la singulorum_fw-la alterna_fw-la prosecutione_n tractari_fw-la which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o thus_o in_o english_a under_o this_o title_n of_o barones_n comitatus_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v contain_v in_o our_o ancient_a writer_n all_o sort_n of_o feudal_n baron_n dwell_v in_o any_o one_o county_n viz._n the_o chief_a man_n and_o lord_n of_o manor_n as_o also_o all_o free_a tenant_n that_o be_v proprietor_n of_o land_n in_o english_a freeholders_n and_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v consider_v that_o these_o free_a tenant_n be_v not_o ancient_o so_o mean_a and_o pitiful_a as_o they_o be_v account_v at_o this_o day_n for_o gentleman_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o parcele_v out_o their_o township_n and_o lordship_n into_o small_a estate_n but_o as_o we_o see_v in_o ireland_n keep_v they_o themselves_o by_o their_o hire_a servant_n and_o villain_n husband_v their_o own_o land_n in_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n 15._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o 46_o mark_n shall_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o the_o hundred_o and_o seal_v up_o with_o the_o seal_n of_o one_o of_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o county_n and_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o king_n treasury_n in_o doomsday_n book_n those_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n be_v call_v 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make_v the_o saxon_a wittena_n gemote_n more_o large_a and_o diffusive_a for_o in_o they_o he_o own_v be_v arch-bishop_n bishop_n masse-thegnes_a or_o dignify_v and_o great_a clergyman_n alderman_n or_o comites_fw-la king_n gereve_n or_o praepositi_fw-la king_n be_v thegnes_fw-la thanes_z or_o minister_n his_o counsellor_n
his_o son-in-law_n who_o he_o denote_v by_o this_o title_n ethelredo_fw-la principi_fw-la meae_fw-la militiae_fw-la the_o other_o viz._n the_o great_a civil_a officer_n be_v that_o of_o chancellor_n chancellor_n so_o call_v from_o the_o barbarous_a latin_a word_n cancellare_fw-la from_o his_o cancel_v or_o strike_v out_o what_o he_o please_v in_o man_n grant_n and_o petition_n and_o as_o for_o his_o power_n we_o find_v it_o thus_o express_v in_o ingulf_n oxen._n upon_o k._n edward_n the_o elder_n be_v have_v make_v his_o cousin_n turketule_n chancellor_n quaecúnque_fw-la negotia_fw-la temporalia_fw-la vel_fw-la spiritualia_fw-la regis_fw-la judicium_fw-la expectabant_fw-la illius_fw-la consilio_fw-la tam_fw-la sanctae_fw-la fidei_fw-la &_o tam_fw-la profundi_fw-la ingenii_fw-la tenebatur_fw-la omne_fw-la tractarentur_fw-la &_o tractata_fw-la irrefragabilem_fw-la sententiam_fw-la sortirentur_fw-la from_o whence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n do_v not_o only_o in_o that_o 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our_o present_a alderman_n of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n be_v derive_v though_o of_o a_o far_o different_a signification_n as_o well_o as_o a_o much_o late_a institution_n and_o this_o i_o suppose_v happen_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o paucity_n of_o word_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n which_o call_v grave_a man_n distinguish_v by_o any_o office_n or_o dignity_n by_o the_o title_n of_o ealdorman_n because_o they_o be_v at_o first_o bestow_v on_o man_n of_o elder_a year_n though_o afterward_o geref_o as_o the_o auctuary_n to_o king_n edward_n law_n inform_v we_o they_o be_v not_o so_o style_v propter_fw-la senectutem_fw-la cum_fw-la quidam_fw-la adolescentes_fw-la essent_fw-la sed_fw-la propter_fw-la sapientiam_fw-la therefore_o i_o can_v forbear_v take_v notice_n that_o whereas_o bede_n speak_v of_o k._n oswald_n send_v ad_fw-la majores_fw-la natu_fw-la scotorum_fw-la to_o the_o elder_n of_o the_o scot_n for_o bishop_n 13._o king_n alfred_n in_o his_o translation_n of_o bede_n call_v they_o the_o ealdorman_n of_o the_o scot_n that_o be_v the_o great_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o that_o nation_n i_o must_v here_o beg_v the_o reader_n be_v pardon_n for_o a_o mistake_v i_o have_v commit_v in_o the_o render_n of_o that_o passage_n into_o english_a in_o the_o ensue_a history_n for_o not_o have_v the_o saxon_a version_n by_o i_o but_o only_o a_o latin_a copy_n when_o i_o write_v it_o nor_o have_v then_o consult_v mr._n selden_n to_o who_o i_o confess_v myself_o much_o behold_v for_o this_o criticism_n i_o have_v there_o translate_v the_o word_n majores_fw-la natu_fw-la scotish_n bishop_n because_o i_o think_v it_o most_o proper_a for_o they_o to_o be_v send_v to_o about_o a_o affair_n concern_v religion_n i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v on_o this_o head_n only_o that_o i_o have_v leave_v this_o word_n ealdorman_n so_o often_o use_v in_o our_o annal_n untranslate_v for_o though_o i_o grant_v he_o be_v frequent_o style_v dux_n or_o come_v in_o latin_a yet_o it_o will_v not_o bear_v be_v render_v duke_n or_o earl_n in_o english_a because_o that_o those_o title_n be_v not_o only_o very_o different_a but_o be_v unknown_a in_o our_o saxon_a tongue_n till_o many_o year_n after_o that_o government_n be_v settle_v in_o england_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o title_n earl_n or_o eorle_n which_o be_v altogether_o danish_n eorle_fw-mi be_v not_o common_o use_v here_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n cnute_n though_o we_o now_o and_o then_o find_v it_o mention_v in_o our_o annal_n before_o his_o time_n but_o as_o for_o its_o power_n and_o authority_n it_o be_v much_o what_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o ealdorman_n abovemention_v i_o think_v i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o of_o it_o only_o that_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v then_o hereditary_a nor_o descend_v to_o son_n or_o brother_n though_o they_o often_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o family_n when_o the_o king_n be_v please_v so_o to_o confer_v it_o and_o both_o the_o title_n and_o the_o office_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v forfeit_v upon_o any_o great_a maladministration_n as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o divers_a instance_n in_o this_o book_n the_o next_o title_n and_o office_n i_o shall_v mention_v be_v that_o of_o heretoch_n which_o be_v whole_o military_a heretoch_n and_o as_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_a suppose_n hold_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o hold_v or_o commander_n in_o war_n mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelstan_n because_o his_o wiregild_n be_v make_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o a_o high-gerife_a viz._n four_o thousand_o thrymsa_n this_o heretoch_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v somewhat_o like_o our_o lord-lieutenant_n of_o a_o county_n at_o this_o day_n and_o be_v choose_v for_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n as_o upon_o a_o sudden_a invasion_n or_o expedition_n against_o the_o scot_n or_o welshman_n which_o be_v over_o their_o commission_n also_o cease_v but_o they_o themselves_o be_v still_o have_v in_o high_a esteem_n and_o honour_n if_o they_o have_v prudent_o and_o courageous_o discharge_v that_o great_a trust._n and_o as_o the_o
aldermannus_n venit_fw-la ad_fw-la ely_n &_o infrà_fw-la cimeterium_fw-la ad_fw-la aquilonalem_fw-la portam_fw-la monasterii_fw-la tenuit_fw-la placitum_fw-la cum_fw-la toto_fw-la hundredo_fw-la b._n and_o the_o witness_n of_o contract_n and_o purchase_n than_o be_v testimonio_fw-la hundredi_n here_o not_o only_o temporal_a cause_n but_o ecclesiastical_a be_v handle_v the_o alderman_n or_o principal_a judge_n be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o dei_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la jura_fw-la studebat_fw-la promovere_fw-la who_o study_v to_o promote_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n the_o bishop_n or_o archdeacon_n sit_v therein_o with_o the_o say_a alderman_n which_o jurisdiction_n so_o continue_v until_o the_o beginning_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reign_n that_o he_o by_o a_o special_a precept_n do_v inhibit_v inspex_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la episcopus_fw-la net_n archidiaconus_fw-la de_fw-la legibus_fw-la episcopalibus_fw-la amplius_fw-la in_o hundredo_fw-la placitum_fw-la teneat_fw-la but_o the_o low_a of_o these_o inferior_a court_n be_v that_o of_o the_o decennary_n or_o tything_n court_n which_o yet_o be_v the_o great_a bridle_n upon_o the_o inferior_a sort_n of_o people_n for_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n every_o english_a freeman_n as_o ingulph_n tell_v we_o aught_o to_o be_v in_o some_o hundred_o or_o tything_n i_o mean_v whosoever_o be_v of_o full_a twelve_o year_n of_o age_n 19_o and_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v be_v suspect_v of_o larceny_n or_o theft_n he_o may_v in_o his_o own_o hundred_o or_o ward_n be_v either_o condemn_v or_o give_v security_n in_o some_o manuscript_n it_o be_v be_v acquit_v either_o incur_v or_o avoid_v the_o deserve_a penalty_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n add_v to_o this_o that_o he_o that_o can_v not_o find_v security_n be_v afraid_a of_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o if_o any_o guilty_a person_n either_o before_o his_o give_a security_n or_o after_o shall_v make_v his_o escape_n all_o of_o that_o hundred_o and_o tything_n shall_v incur_v the_o king_n fine_a here_o we_o have_v the_o original_a of_o decennary_n or_o fribourgs_n 27._o in_o which_o every_o man_n be_v to_o be_v bind_v for_o other_o as_o well_o as_o himself_o viz._n master_n for_o their_o servant_n husband_n for_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n before_o they_o have_v attain_v the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o as_o also_o the_o housholder_n for_o his_o guest_n all_o which_o ten_o person_n be_v thus_o bind_v one_o for_o another_o be_v unite_v under_o one_o head_n call_v a_o tythingman_n and_o in_o some_o place_n a_o borsholder_n for_o borgh_n signify_v a_o surety_n or_o pledge_n and_o fri_n be_v all_o one_o as_o free_n from_o whence_o come_v our_o word_n neighbour_n that_o be_v those_o that_o be_v near-pledge_n but_o that_o this_o law_n concern_v the_o decennary_n or_o tything_n be_v not_o only_o make_v for_o the_o mere_a vulgar_a or_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n but_o that_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o nobility_n and_o even_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n themselves_o be_v alike_o subject_a to_o it_o 16._o will_v appear_v by_o that_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n confirm_v by_o king_n william_n i._n whereby_o all_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o all_o those_o that_o have_v court_n of_o sac._n soc._n and_o theme_n etc._n etc._n swear_v to_o keep_v their_o knight_n and_o all_o other_o servant_n there_o mention_v in_o their_o frithborg_n i._n e._n franc-pledg_a for_o who_o these_o lord_n or_o master_n themselves_o be_v to_o be_v surety_n so_o that_o if_o any_o of_o they_o offend_v their_o lord_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v right_a in_o their_o court_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o cnute_n every_o thane_n or_o gentleman_n of_o estate_n 50._o be_v to_o have_v his_o family_n under_o his_o own_o pledge_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o be_v accuse_v he_o be_v to_o answer_v for_o he_o in_o the_o hundred_o court_n i._n e._n be_v to_o compel_v he_o to_o appear_v and_o the_o lord_n 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any_o other_o writer_n ccccxxx_n and_o the_o age_n also_o be_v become_v very_o corrupt_a and_o ignorant_a during_o the_o frequent_a war_n and_o revolution_n that_o happen_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v that_o we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o set_v down_o the_o name_n of_o any_o bishop_n or_o other_o remarkable_a in_o this_o last_o age_n for_o piety_n or_o learning_n so_o have_v give_v as_o good_a a_o account_n as_o i_o be_o able_a and_o as_o the_o break_a history_n of_o those_o time_n will_v allow_v of_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o britain_n and_o the_o state_n of_o affair_n as_o well_o ecclesiastical_a as_o civil_a during_o the_o space_n of_o near_o 490_o year_n that_o the_o roman_n have_v to_o do_v here_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o book_n give_v you_o a_o prospect_n of_o the_o lamentable_a state_n of_o this_o part_n of_o britain_n after_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o the_o britain_n 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for_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o tranquillity_n it_o than_o seem_v to_o they_o that_o what_o he_o have_v command_v be_v too_o remiss_o execute_v therefore_o he_o now_o require_v all_o that_o will_v amend_v and_o reform_v these_o thing_n and_o will_v with_o he_o enjoy_v common_a society_n that_o they_o will_v prosecute_v with_o their_o utmost_a hatred_n the_o same_o person_n as_o he_o do_v both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o that_o they_o will_v take_v care_n not_o to_o do_v wrong_a or_o injury_n to_o any_o man_n he_o that_o do_v contrary_a let_v he_o as_o be_v former_o ordain_v pay_v thirty_o shilling_n to_o the_o king_n and_o if_o he_o offend_v the_o second_o time_n as_o much_o more_o if_o the_o three_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o shilling_n the_o five_o command_n that_o that_o reeve_n or_o judge_n who_o do_v not_o justice_n according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o such_o as_o be_v summon_v pay_v a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o his_o contumacy_n against_o the_o king_n the_o six_o will_n that_o if_o a_o servant_n be_v accuse_v of_o theft_n he_o that_o recommend_v he_o to_o his_o master_n or_o other_o of_o his_o friend_n if_o he_o have_v any_o be_v surety_n for_o he_o that_o he_o discharge_v himself_o of_o what_o be_v depose_v against_o he_o and_o if_o he_o have_v none_o to_o interpose_v on_o his_o behalf_n those_o that_o be_v concern_v may_v seize_v his_o good_n but_o if_o he_o have_v neither_o good_n nor_o friend_n let_v he_o be_v take_v into_o custody_n dccccxxu._n the_o eight_o law_n enjoin_v that_o no_o man_n know_o and_o voluntary_o have_v peace_n with_o or_o harbour_v one_o that_o be_v condemn_v for_o any_o crime_n he_o that_o act_v contrary_a and_o thereby_o break_v his_o oath_n and_o the_o faith_n give_v by_o he_o and_o all_o the_o people_n let_v he_o undergo_v the_o mulct_n prescribe_v in_o the_o judiciary_n book_n which_o if_o he_o refuse_v to_o pay_v he_o be_v to_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o all_o other_o man_n friendship_n and_o far_o forfeit_v all_o his_o estate_n and_o if_o any_o afterward_o relieve_v he_o let_v he_o also_o incur_v the_o penalty_n express_v in_o the_o say_a book_n and_o far_o whosoever_o shall_v relieve_v a_o fugitive_n either_o in_o this_o country_n or_o in_o the_o eastern_a or_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i._n e._n in_o east-england_n and_o northumberland_n let_v he_o be_v punish_v as_o by_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n be_v ordain_v the_o nine_o provide_v that_o if_o one_o deprive_v of_o his_o liberty_n for_o steal_v steal_v again_o so_o that_o all_o his_o kindred_n forsake_v he_o and_o none_o will_v engage_v for_o he_o he_o be_v to_o be_v set_v to_o servile_a and_o hard_a labour_n as_o opportunity_n shall_v offer_v and_o his_o kindred_n shall_v lose_v the_o valuation_n of_o his_o head_n the_o ten_o law_n forbid_v any_o man_n to_o receive_v another_o man_n servant_n without_o his_o leave_n and_o that_o he_o have_v full_o satisfy_v his_o master_n he_o that_o do_v otherwise_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o contumacious_a against_o the_o king_n the_o eleven_o and_o last_o command_v that_o about_o every_o four_o week_n every_o sheriff_n or_o judge_n hold_v the_o gemot_n or_o assembly_n and_o administer_v justice_n to_o every_o man_n and_o determine_v all_o cause_n at_o the_o day_n appoint_v if_o he_o do_v otherwise_o he_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o be_v before_o say_v from_o all_o which_o law_n we_o may_v observe_v first_o that_o the_o law_n concern_v redeem_n of_o all_o crime_n by_o pecuniary_a fine_n be_v not_o yet_o abolish_v nor_o in_o some_o age_n after_o but_o the_o strict_a law_n for_o vouch_v of_o good_n sell_v as_o also_o against_o fugitive_n and_o runaway_n servant_n be_v but_o necessary_a in_o such_o licentious_a and_o turbulent_a time_n when_o it_o be_v so_o very_o easy_a for_o offender_n to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o english_a territory_n into_o those_o of_o the_o dane_n you_o may_v also_o here_o observe_v the_o antiquity_n and_o power_n of_o the_o county-court_n which_o be_v then_o hold_v as_o now_o every_o month_n but_o have_v much_o more_o power_n ancient_o than_o at_o this_o day_n as_o for_o the_o law_n that_o follow_v and_o which_o be_v entitle_v in_o mr._n lambard_n copy_n the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n of_o edward_n the_o elder_a king_n of_o england_n and_o gutherne_a king_n of_o the_o dane_n in_o east-england_n which_o be_v first_o make_v by_o the_o king_n alfred_n and_o gutherne_a and_o be_v now_o say_v to_o be_v again_o confirm_v by_o king_n edward_n son_n to_o alfred_n and_o the_o same_o king_n gutherne_a there_o must_v certain_o be_v a_o error_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n here_o mention_v since_o it_o appear_v by_o our_o annal_n that_o gutherne_a die_v ten_o year_n before_o king_n alfred_n therefore_o since_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o other_o danish_a king_n of_o this_o name_n we_o may_v rather_o suppose_v that_o these_o law_n be_v make_v by_o king_n edward_n and_o eoric_n the_o 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