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for_o 1._o that_o juries_n the_o thing_n in_o effect_n and_o substance_n britain_n among_o the_o britain_n though_o purhaps_o not_o just_a the_o number_n of_o twelve_o man_n be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o britain_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n appear_v by_o the_o ancient_a monument_n and_o write_n of_o that_o nation_n attest_v that_o their_o free_a holder_n have_v always_o a_o share_n in_o all_o trial_n and_o determination_n of_o difference_n 2._o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v practise_v by_o the_o saxon_n and_o be_v then_o the_o only_a court_n 155._o among_o the_o saxon_n lamb._n p._n 218._o cook_n 1._o par_fw-fr institutes_n fol._n 155._o or_o at_o least_o a_o essential_a and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o all_o court_n of_o judicature_n for_o so_o to_o omit_v a_o multitude_n of_o other_o instance_n we_o find_v in_o king_n
long_o continue_a use_n of_o juries_n and_o the_o zealous_a regard_v our_o ancestor_n have_v not_o to_o part_v with_o they_o i_o perceive_v that_o they_o be_v esteem_v a_o special_a privilege_n be_v please_v therefore_o to_o acquaint_v i_o wherein_o the_o excellency_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o people_n by_o that_o method_n of_o trial_n above_o other_o may_v consist_v b._n this_o question_n show_v 29._o see_v all_o this_o excellent_o make_v out_o and_o more_o at_o large_a by_o the_o l._n c._n j._n fortescue_n afterward_o chancellor_n to_o k_o hen._n 6._o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la cap._n 26_o 27_o 28_o &_o 29._o you_o have_v not_o be_v much_o conversant_a abroad_o to_o observe_v the_o miserable_a condition_n of_o the_o poor_a people_n in_o most_o other_o nation_n where_o they_o be_v either_o whole_o subject_a to_o the_o despotic_a arbitrary_a lust_n of_o their_o ruler_n or_o at_o best_o under_o such_o law_n as_o render_v their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n liable_a to_o be_v dispose_v of_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o stranger_n appoint_v their_o judge_n most_o time_n mercenary_a and_o creature_n of_o prerogative_n sometime_o malicious_a and_o oppressive_a and_o often_o partial_a and_o corrupt_a or_o suppose_v they_o never_o so_o just_a and_o upright_o yet_o still_o have_v the_o subject_n no_o security_n against_o the_o attack_n of_o unconscionable_a witness_n yea_o when_o there_o be_v no_o sufficient_a evidence_n upon_o bare_a suspicion_n they_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o torture_n of_o the_o rack_n which_o often_o make_v a_o innocent_a man_n confess_v himself_o guilty_a mere_o to_o get_v out_o of_o present_a pain_n be_v it_o not_o then_o a_o inestimable_a happiness_n to_o be_v bear_v and_o live_v under_o such_o a_o mild_a and_o righteous_a constitution_n wherein_o all_o these_o mischief_n as_o far_o as_o humane_a prudence_n can_v provide_v be_v prevent_v where_o none_o can_v be_v condemn_v either_o by_o the_o power_n of_o superior_a enemy_n or_o the_o rashness_n or_o ill_a will_n of_o any_o judge_n nor_o by_o the_o bold_a affirmation_n of_o any_o profligate_n evidence_n but_o no_o less_o than_o twelve_o honest_a substantial_a impartial_a man_n his_o neighbour_n who_o consequent_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v unacquainted_a either_o with_o the_o matter_n charge_v the_o prisoner_n course_n of_o life_n or_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o evidence_n must_v first_o be_v full_o satisfy_v in_o their_o conscience_n that_o he_o be_v guilty_a and_o so_o all_o unanimous_o pronounce_v he_o upon_o their_o oath_n be_v not_o these_o think_v you_o very_o material_a privilege_n j._n yes_o certain_o though_o i_o never_o so_o well_o consider_v they_o before_o but_o now_o i_o plain_o see_v our_o forefather_n have_v and_o we_o still_o have_v all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n to_o be_v zealous_a for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o preservation_n thereof_o from_o subversion_n or_o encroachment_n and_o to_o transmit_v they_o entire_a to_o posterity_n for_o if_o once_o this_o bank_n be_v break_v down_o or_o neglect_v a_o ocean_n of_o oppression_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o infinite_a number_n of_o people_n as_o in_o empson_n and_o dudley_n day_n may_v easy_o follow_v when_o on_o any_o pretence_n they_o may_v be_v make_v criminal_n and_o then_o fine_v in_o vast_a sum_n with_o pretext_n to_o enrich_v the_o king_n coffer_n but_o indeed_o to_o feed_v those_o insatiate_a vulture_n that_o promote_v such_o unreasonable_a prosecution_n juries_n the_o office_n and_o power_n of_o juries_n but_o since_o you_o have_v teach_v i_o so_o much_o of_o the_o antiquity_n and_o excellency_n of_o juries_n i_o can_v but_o crave_v the_o continuance_n of_o your_o favour_n to_o acquaint_v i_o somewhat_o more_o particular_o of_o their_o office_n and_o power_n by_o law_n b._n 84._o see_v cook_n four_o part_n of_o instit_fw-la fol._n 84._o i_o shall_v glad_o comply_v with_o so_o reasonable_a and_o just_a a_o request_n a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n be_v by_o our_o law_n the_o only_a proper_a judge_n of_o the_o matter_n in_o issue_n before_o they_o as_o for_o instance_n 1._o that_o testimony_n which_o be_v deliver_v to_o induce_v a_o jury_n to_o believe_v or_o not_o to_o believe_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n in_o issue_n be_v call_v in_o law_n evidence_n because_o thereby_o the_o jury_n may_v out_o of_o many_o matter_n of_o fact_n evidere_n verilatem_fw-la that_o be_v see_v clear_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o they_o be_v proper_a judge_n 2._o when_o any_o matter_n be_v swear_v deed_n read_v or_o offer_v whether_o it_o shall_v be_v believe_v or_o not_o or_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o false_a in_o point_n of_o fact_n the_o juror_n be_v proper_a judge_n 3._o whether_o such_o a_o act_n be_v do_v in_o such_o or_o such_o a_o manner_n or_o to_o such_o or_o such_o a_o intent_n the_o juror_n be_v judge_n for_o the_o court_n be_v not_o judge_n of_o these_o matter_n which_o be_v evidence_n to_o prove_v or_o disprove_v the_o thing_n in_o issue_n and_o therefore_o the_o witness_n be_v always_o order_v to_o direct_v their_o speech_n to_o the_o jury_n they_o be_v the_o proper_a judge_n of_o their_o testimony_n and_o in_o all_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o matter_n criminal_a the_o prisoner_n be_v say_v to_o put_v himself_o for_o trial_n upon_o his_o country_n which_o be_v explain_v and_o refer_v by_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o court_n to_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o jury_n say_v to_o they_o which_o country_n you_o be_v j._n well_o then_o what_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o king_n justice_n trial_n the_o office_n of_o the_o court_n in_o trial_n or_o the_o court_n what_o be_v they_o to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o or_o do_v in_o the_o trial_n of_o man_n life_n liberty_n and_o property_n b._n their_o office_n in_o general_n be_v to_o do_v equal_a justice_n and_o right_n particular_o 1._o to_o see_v that_o the_o jury_n be_v regular_o return_v and_o due_o swear_v 2._o to_o see_v that_o the_o prisoner_n in_o case_n where_o it_o be_v permittable_a be_v allow_v his_o lawful_a challenge_n 3._o to_o advise_v by_o law_n whether_o such_o matter_n may_v be_v give_v in_o evidence_n or_o not_o such_o a_o writing_n read_v or_o not_o or_o such_o a_o man_n admit_v to_o be_v a_o witness_n etc._n etc._n 4._o because_o by_o their_o learning_n and_o experience_n they_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v best_a qualify_v to_o ask_v pertinent_a question_n and_o in_o the_o most_o perspicuous_a manner_n soon_o to_o sift_v out_o truth_n from_o among_o tedious_a impertinent_a circumstance_n and_o tautology_n they_o therefore_o common_o examine_v the_o witness_n in_o the_o court_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o jury_n who_o of_o right_n may_v and_o where_o they_o see_v cause_n aught_o to_o ask_v they_o any_o necessary_a question_n which_o undoubted_o they_o may_v lawful_o do_v with_o modesty_n and_o discretion_n without_o beg_v any_o leave_n for_o if_o ask_v leave_v be_v necessary_a it_o imply_v in_o the_o court_n a_o right_a when_o they_o listen_v to_o deny_v it_o and_o how_o then_o shall_v the_o jury_n know_v the_o truth_n and_o since_o we_o see_v that_o council_n who_o too_o often_o pudet_fw-la haec_fw-la opprobria_fw-la nobis_fw-la for_o their_o fee_n strive_v only_o to_o baffle_v witness_n and_o stifle_v truth_n take_v upon_o they_o daily_o to_o interrogate_v the_o evidence_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v that_o the_o juror_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o same_o privilege_n who_o be_v upon_o their_o oath_n and_o proper_a judge_n of_o the_o matter_n 5._o as_o a_o discreet_a and_o lawful_a assistant_n to_o the_o jury_n 144._o vanghan_n report_n in_o bushell_n case_n fol._n 144._o they_o do_v often_o recapitulate_v and_o sum_v up_o the_o head_n of_o the_o evidence_n but_o the_o juror_n be_v still_o to_o consider_v whether_o it_o be_v do_v true_o full_o and_o impartial_o for_o one_o man_n memory_n may_v soon_o fail_v than_o twelve_n he_o may_v likewise_o state_n the_o law_n to_o they_o that_o be_v deliver_v his_o opinion_n where_o the_o case_n be_v difficult_a or_o they_o desire_v it_o but_o since_o exit_fw-la facto_fw-la jus_o oritur_fw-la all_o matter_n of_o law_n arise_v out_o of_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o that_o till_o the_o fact_n be_v settle_v there_o be_v no_o room_n for_o law_n therefore_o all_o such_o discourse_n of_o a_o judge_n to_o a_o jury_n be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v hypothetical_n not_o coercive_a conditional_a and_o not_o positive_a viz._n if_o you_o find_v the_o fact_n thus_o or_o thus_o still_o leave_v the_o jury_n at_o liberty_n to_o find_v as_o they_o see_v cause_n than_o you_o be_v to_o find_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n but_o if_o you_o find_v the_o fact_n thus_o or_o thus_o than_o you_o be_v to_o find_v for_o the_o defendant_n or_o the_o like_a guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a in_o case_n criminal_a last_o they_o be_v to_o take_v the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n
and_o thereupon_o to_o give_v judgement_n according_a to_o law_n for_o the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n as_o cook_n well_o observe_v be_v jus_o dicene_a not_o jus_o dare_n not_o to_o make_v any_o law_n by_o strain_n of_o wit_n or_o force_v interpretation_n but_o plain_o and_o impartial_o to_o declare_v the_o law_n already_o establish_v nor_o can_v they_o refuse_v to_o accept_v the_o juries_n verdict_n when_o agree_v for_o if_o they_o shall_v and_o force_v the_o jury_n to_o return_v and_o any_o of_o they_o shall_v miscarry_v for_o want_v of_o accommodation_n it_o will_v undoubted_o be_v murder_n and_o in_o such_o case_n the_o jury_n may_v without_o crime_n force_v their_o liberty_n because_o they_o be_v illegal_o confine_v have_v give_v in_o their_o verdict_n and_o thereby_o honest_o discharge_v their_o office_n and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v starve_v for_o any_o man_n pleasure_n j._n fact_n how_o juror_n be_v judge_n of_o law_n as_o well_o as_o fact_n but_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o a_o jury_n be_v only_a judge_n of_o naked_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o be_v not_o all_o to_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o meddle_v with_o or_o regard_v matter_n of_o law_n but_o leave_v it_o whole_o to_o the_o court._n b._n it_o be_v most_o true_a juror_n be_v judge_n of_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o be_v their_o proper_a province_n their_o chief_a business_n but_o yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o consideration_n of_o matter_n of_o law_n as_o it_o arise_v out_o of_o or_o be_v complicate_v with_o and_o influence_n the_o fact_n for_o to_o say_v they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o meddle_v with_o or_o have_v respect_n to_o law_n in_o give_v their_o verdict_n be_v not_o only_o a_o false_a position_n and_o contradict_v by_o every_o day_n experience_n but_o also_o a_o very_a dangerous_a and_o pernicious_a one_o tend_v to_o defeat_v the_o principal_a end_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o juries_n and_o so_o subtle_o to_o undermine_v that_o which_o be_v too_o strong_a to_o be_v batter_v down_o 1._o it_o it_o false_a for_o though_o the_o direction_n as_o to_o matter_n of_o law_n separately_z may_v belong_v to_o the_o judge_n and_o the_o find_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n do_v peculiar_o belong_v to_o the_o jury_n yet_o must_v your_o jury_n also_o apply_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o law_n together_o and_o from_o their_o consideration_n of_o and_o a_o right_a judgement_n upon_o both_o bring_v forth_o their_o verdict_n for_o do_v we_o not_o see_v in_o most_o general_a issue_n as_o upon_o not_o guilty_a plead_v in_o trespass_n breach_n of_o the_o peace_n or_o felony_n though_o it_o be_v matter_n in_o law_n whether_o the_o party_n be_v a_o trespasser_n a_o breaker_n of_o the_o peace_n or_o a_o felon_n yet_o the_o jury_n do_v not_o find_v the_o fact_n of_o the_o case_n by_o itself_o leave_v the_o law_n to_o the_o court_n but_o find_v the_o party_n guit_o or_o not_o guilty_a general_o so_o as_o though_o they_o answer_v not_o to_o the_o question_n single_o what_o be_v law_n yet_o they_o determine_v the_o law_n in_o all_o matter_n where_o issue_n be_v join_v so_o likewise_o be_v it_o not_o every_o day_n practice_v that_o when_o person_n be_v indict_v for_o murder_n the_o jury_n do_v not_o only_o find_v they_o guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a but_o many_o time_n upon_o hear_v and_o weigh_v of_o circumstance_n bring_v they_o in_o either_o guilty_a of_o murder_n manslaughter_n per_fw-la infortunitus_fw-la or_o se-defendendo_a as_o they_o see_v cause_n now_o do_v they_o not_o herein_o complicate_o resolve_v both_o law_n and_o fact_n and_o to_o what_o end_n be_v it_o that_o when_o any_o person_n be_v prosecute_v upon_o any_o statute_n the_o statute_n itself_o be_v usual_o read_v to_o the_o juror_n but_o only_o that_o they_o may_v judge_n whether_o or_o no_o the_o matter_n be_v within_o that_o statute_n but_o to_o put_v the_o business_n out_o of_o doubt_n we_o have_v the_o suffrage_n of_o that_o oracle_n of_o law_n littleton_n who_o in_o his_o tenor_n sect._n 368._o declare_v that_o if_o a_o jury_n will_v take_v upon_o they_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o the_o matter_n they_o may_v which_o be_v agree_v to_o likewise_o by_o cook_n in_o his_o comment_n thereupon_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v false_a to_o say_v that_o the_o jury_n have_v not_o power_n or_o do_v not_o use_v frequent_o to_o apply_v the_o fact_n to_o the_o law_n and_o thence_o take_v their_o measure_n judge_v of_o and_o determine_v the_o crime_n or_o issue_n by_o their_o verdict_n 2._o as_o jury_n have_v ever_o be_v vest_v with_o such_o power_n by_o law_n so_o to_o exclude_v they_o from_o or_o disseise_v they_o of_o the_o same_o be_v utter_o to_o defeat_v the_o end_n of_o their_o institution_n for_o then_o if_o a_o person_n shall_v be_v indict_v for_o do_v any_o common_a innocent_a act_n if_o it_o be_v but_o clothe_v and_o disguise_v in_o the_o indictment_n with_o the_o name_n of_o treason_n or_o some_o other_o high_a crime_n and_o prove_v by_o witness_n to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o he_o the_o jury_n though_o satisfy_v in_o conscience_n that_o the_o fact_n be_v not_o any_o such_o offence_n as_o it_o be_v call_v yet_o because_o according_a to_o this_o fond_a opinion_n they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o judge_n of_o law_n and_o the_o fact_n charge_v be_v full_o prove_v they_o shall_v at_o this_o rate_n be_v bind_v to_o find_v he_o guilty_a and_o be_v so_o find_v the_o judge_n may_v pronounce_v sentence_n against_o he_o for_o he_o find_v he_o a_o convict_a traitor_n etc._n etc._n by_o his_o peer_n and_o thus_o as_o a_o certain_a physician_n boast_v that_o he_o have_v kill_v one_o of_o his_o patient_n with_o the_o best_a method_n in_o the_o world_n so_o here_o shall_v we_o have_v a_o innocent_a man_n hang_v draw_v and_o quarter_v and_o all_o according_a to_o law_n j._n god_n forbid_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n shall_v be_v practise_v and_o indeed_o i_o do_v not_o very_o full_o understand_v you_o b._n i_o do_v not_o say_v it_o ever_o have_v be_v and_o i_o hope_v it_o never_o will_v be_v practise_v but_o this_o i_o will_v say_v that_o according_a to_o this_o doctrine_n it_o may_v be_v and_o consequent_o jury_n may_v thereby_o be_v render_v rather_o a_o snare_n or_o engine_n of_o oppression_n than_o any_o advantage_n or_o guardian_n of_o our_o legal_a liberty_n against_o arbitrary_a injustice_n and_o make_v mere_a property_n to_o do_v the_o drudgery_n and_o bear_v the_o blame_n of_o unreasonable_a prosecution_n and_o since_o you_o seem_v so_o dull_a as_o not_o to_o perceive_v it_o let_v we_o put_v as_o imaginary_a case_n not_o in_o the_o least_o to_o abet_v any_o irreverence_n towards_o his_o majesty_n but_o only_o to_o explain_v the_o thing_n and_o show_v the_o absurdness_n of_o this_o opinion_n suppose_v then_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v indict_v for_o that_o he_o as_o a_o false_a traitor_n not_o have_v the_o fear_n of_o god_n before_o his_o eye_n etc._n etc._n do_v traitorous_o presumptuous_o against_o his_o allegiance_n and_o with_o a_o intent_n to_o affront_v his_o majesty_n person_n and_o government_n pass_v by_o such_o or_o such_o a_o royal_a statue_n or_o effigy_n with_o his_o hat_n on_o his_o head_n to_o the_o great_a contempt_n of_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o authority_n the_o evil_a example_n of_o other_o against_o the_o peace_n and_o his_o majesty_n crown_n and_o dignity_n be_v hereupon_o arraign_v and_o have_v plead_v not_o guilty_a suppose_v that_o sufficient_a evidence_n shall_v swear_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n viz._n that_o he_o do_v pass_v by_o the_o statue_n or_o picture_n with_o his_o hat_n on_o now_o imagine_v yourself_o one_o of_o the_o jury_n that_o be_v swear_v to_o try_v he_o what_o will_v you_o do_v in_o the_o matter_n j._n do_v why_o i_o shall_v be_v satisfy_v in_o my_o conscience_n that_o the_o man_n have_v not_o herein_o commit_v any_o crime_n and_o so_o i_o will_v bring_v he_o in_o not_o guilty_a b._n you_o speak_v as_o any_o honest_a man_n will_v do_v but_o i_o hope_v you_o have_v not_o forget_v the_o point_n we_o be_v upon_o suppose_v therefore_o when_o you_o think_v to_o do_v thus_o the_o court_n or_o one_o of_o your_o brethren_n shall_v take_v you_o up_o and_o tell_v you_o that_o it_o be_v out_o of_o your_o power_n so_o to_o do_v for_o look_v you_o say_v he_o my_o master_n speech_n a_o ordinary_a jury-man_n wise_a speech_n we_o juryman_n be_v only_o to_o find_v matter_n of_o fact_n which_o be_v full_o prove_v as_o in_o this_o case_n before_o we_o it_o be_v we_o must_v find_v the_o party_n guilty_a whether_o the_o thing_n be_v treason_n or_o not_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o we_o to_o inquire_v it_o be_v say_v so_o here_o you_o see_v in_o the_o indictment_n and_o let_v the_o court_n look_v to_o that_o they_o know_v