john_n claim_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o refer_v himself_o to_o the_o pope_n discretion_n write_v to_o the_o pope_n that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canturbury_n and_o his_o suctragans_n have_v neglect_v his_o command_n and_o that_o the_o great_a man_n and_o baron_n altogether_o refuse_v to_o hear_v what_o he_o write_v and_o attend_v what_o the_o baron_n say_v he_o reply_v to_o they_o that_o england_n be_v the_o patrimony_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o that_o he_o hold_v it_o as_o the_o patrimony_n of_o st._n peter_n the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o pope_n and_o have_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o crusado_n and_o require_v the_o privilege_n of_o such_o who_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o that_o expedition_n and_o after_o have_v recount_v the_o effect_n of_o his_o former_a offer_n to_o the_o baron_n and_o bishop_n upon_o which_o he_o can_v obtain_v no_o remedy_n he_o refer_v himself_o to_o the_o pope_n discretion_n to_o relieve_v he_o upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o all_o these_o offer_v declaration_n matter_n and_o thing_n and_o the_o recapitulation_n and_o brief_a mention_n of_o they_o in_o his_o liberties_n his_o append_v n._n 126._o the_o pope_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o cardinal_n damn_v the_o charter_n of_o liberties_n bull_n and_o the_o information_n of_o king_n john_n messenger_n late_o send_v to_o he_o the_o pope_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o cardinal_n damn_v the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o all_o obligation_n and_o caution_n which_o he_o have_v give_v and_o enter_v into_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o and_o declare_v they_o null_a and_o void_a by_o king_n by_o append._n n._n 127._o the_o pope_n write_v to_o the_o baron_n and_o charge_v they_o with_o evil_a practice_n against_o the_o king_n letter_n of_o the_o same_o date_n with_o this_o bull_n viz._n aug._n 24._o 1215._o the_o pope_n write_v to_o the_o baron_n they_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v their_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n when_o they_o rash_o persecute_v their_o lord_n the_o king_n that_o all_o man_n detest_a their_o proceed_n especial_o in_o such_o a_o cause_n where_o they_o make_v themselves_o both_o party_n and_o judge_n when_o the_o king_n be_v ready_a to_o do_v they_o justice_n by_o their_o peer_n in_o his_o court_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o to_o proceed_v by_o arbitrator_n choose_v on_o both_o side_n with_o a_o reference_n to_o he_o if_o they_o agree_v not_o and_o therefore_o command_v they_o to_o renounce_v that_o unlawful_a and_o unjust_a composition_n they_o have_v extort_a from_o he_o by_o fear_n and_o force_n and_o satisfy_v he_o and_o such_o as_o adhere_v to_o he_o for_o the_o injury_n they_o have_v do_v they_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n the_o king_n may_v be_v induce_v to_o grant_v whatsoever_o of_o right_a aught_o to_o be_v grant_v to_o they_o and_o further_o advise_v they_o to_o send_v their_o procurator_n or_o deputy_n to_o the_o next_o general_n council_n which_o he_o intend_v sudden_o to_o call_v about_o the_o business_n of_o the_o cross_n where_o will_v be_v the_o archbishop_n and_o other_o english_a bishop_n and_o there_o commit_v themselves_o to_o his_o good_a pleasure_n who_o by_o the_o favour_n and_o god_n intend_v so_o to_o determine_v thing_n as_o to_o do_v away_o all_o oppression_n and_o abuse_n in_o the_o kingdom_n that_o so_o the_o king_n be_v content_a with_o his_o own_o right_a and_o honour_n the_o whole_a clergy_n and_o laity_n may_v rejoice_v in_o their_o just_a repose_n and_o liberty_n the_o pope_n letter_n or_o mediation_n prevail_v not_o with_o the_o baron_n they_o rochester-castle_n they_o mat._n paris_n f._n 268._o n._n 10._o the_o pope_n letter_n prevail_v not_o upon_o the_o baron_n they_o consult_v how_o to_o secure_v london_n and_o make_v william_n de_fw-fr albiney_n governor_n of_o rochester-castle_n pursue_v what_o they_o have_v undertake_v and_o send_v for_o william_n de_fw-fr albiney_n a_o stout_a man_n and_o experience_a soldier_n several_a time_n before_o he_o come_v at_o last_o upon_o a_o chide_v letter_n have_v secure_v the_o castle_n of_o belvoir_n or_o beauvoir_n he_o come_v to_o they_o to_o london_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a joy_n by_o the_o baron_n who_o immediate_o consult_v how_o to_o secure_v the_o city_n of_o london_n from_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o king_n and_o shut_v up_o all_o passage_n to_o it_o raise_v a_o considerable_a force_n and_o put_v they_o with_o william_n de_fw-fr albiney_n into_o rochester_n castle_n whereof_o he_o be_v make_v governor_n but_o before_o they_o have_v provide_v for_o their_o defence_n so_o well_o as_o they_o intend_v the_o king_n after_o three_o month_n stay_v in_o the_o 30._o the_o ibid._n n._n 30._o isle_n of_o wight_n be_v sail_v from_o thence_o to_o dover_n where_o he_o meet_v his_o messenger_n or_o commissioner_n he_o have_v send_v beyond_o sea_n with_o force_n from_o poictou_n it_o the_o king_n with_o force_n from_o beyond_o sea_n besiege_v rochester_n castle_n the_o baron_n offer_v to_o relieve_v it_o gascony_n brabant_n and_o flanders_n with_o which_o he_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o rochester_n the_o baron_n have_v swear_v to_o william_n de_fw-fr albiney_n that_o it_o the_o castle_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v besiege_v they_o will_v use_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o relieve_v it_o they_o march_v as_o far_o as_o dartford_n and_o then_o retreat_v to_o london_n they_o within_o defend_v the_o place_n with_o great_a courage_n and_o resolution_n and_o at_o last_o after_o almost_o three_o month_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v without_o condition_n for_o want_n of_o victual_n victual_n it_o yield_v for_o want_v of_o victual_n the_o siege_n be_v very_o expensive_a to_o the_o king_n and_o many_o of_o his_o man_n be_v slay_v in_o it_o for_o which_o reason_n he_o will_v have_v hang_v all_o the_o noble_a man_n or_o knight_n have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o the_o persuasion_n of_o savaric_n de_fw-fr malo_n leone_n and_o some_o other_o who_o tell_v he_o the_o war_n may_v prove_v long_o and_o some_o of_o his_o own_o knight_n may_v be_v take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n whereupon_o he_o send_v william_n de_fw-fr albiney_n quality_n the_o king_n imprison_v the_o person_n of_o best_a quality_n w._n de_fw-fr lancaster_n w._n de_fw-fr emeford_n thomas_n de_fw-fr mulecon_n osbert_n giffard_n osbert_n de_fw-fr bonbi_fw-la odinell_n de_fw-fr albiney_n and_o other_o of_o the_o best_a quality_n prisoner_n to_o corf_n castle_n and_o other_o to_o divers_a other_o prison_n all_o the_o ordinary_a man_n but_o the_o cross_a bowman_n soldier_n and_o hang_v the_o ordinary_a soldier_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v hang_v the_o pope_n upon_o notice_n 40._o notice_n ibid._n n._n 40._o that_o the_o baron_n persist_v in_o the_o persecution_n of_o the_o king_n baron_n king_n append._n n._n 128._o the_o pope_n excommunicate_v the_o baron_n excommunicate_v they_o and_o commit_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o sentence_n to_o peter_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n the_o abbot_n of_o reding_n and_o pandulph_n sub-deacon_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n in_o which_o brief_a of_o excommunication_n he_o enjoin_v the_o archbishop_n and_z bishop_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o obedience_n that_o they_o shall_v cause_v the_o sentece_n to_o be_v publish_v every_o lord_n day_n and_o holy_a day_n with_o ring_v of_o bell_n and_o lightning_n of_o candle_n throughout_o all_o england_n while_o the_o baron_n fatisfy_v the_o king_n for_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o he_o and_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n the_o bishop_n of_o 50._o of_o paris_n f._n 271._o n._n 50._o winchester_n and_o pandulph_n personal_o attend_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canturbury_n and_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o pope_n command_v he_o to_o direct_v the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n to_o publish_v this_o sentence_n against_o the_o baron_n he_o be_v ready_a to_o take_v ship_n to_o go_v to_o the_o council_n at_o rome_n and_o desire_a respite_n until_o he_o speak_v with_o the_o pope_n affirm_v pope_n the_o archbishop_n suspend_v for_o disobedience_n to_o the_o pope_n the_o sentence_n have_v be_v obtain_v by_o conceal_v truth_n and_o therefore_o he_o shall_v by_o no_o mean_n publish_v it_o until_o by_o discourse_n with_o the_o pope_n he_o know_v his_o mind_n concern_v it_o particular_o it_o ibid._n f._n 272._o lin_v 2._o the_o baron_n declare_v excommunicate_v they_o value_v not_o the_o sentence_n because_o not_o name_v particular_o these_o two_o when_o they_o find_v the_o archbishop_n disobedient_a to_o the_o pope_n command_n suspend_v he_o from_o enter_v the_o church_n and_o celebrate_v divine_a service_n and_o then_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n declare_v all_o the_o baron_n that_o have_v endeavour_v to_o drive_a the_o king_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n excommunitate_fw-la and_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o every_o lord_n day_n and_o festival_n but_o they_o because_o not_o name_v in_o the_o pope_n brief_a value_v
to_o these_o meeting_n and_o he_o that_o neglect_v to_o come_v shall_v be_v punish_v fifteen_o shilling_n so_o it_o be_v here_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n doomsday_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o arcenfield_n in_o hereford-shire_n si_fw-mi vicecomes_a evocet_fw-la eos_fw-la ad_fw-la sciremote_a meliores_fw-la ex_fw-la eye_v sex_n aut_fw-la septem_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la vadunt_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la vadit_fw-la vocatus_fw-la det_fw-la dvos_fw-la solidos_fw-la vel_fw-la unum_fw-la bovem_fw-la regi_fw-la 2d_o a_o ox_n value_v at_o 2d_o &_o qui_fw-la de_fw-la hundret_fw-la remanet_fw-la tantundem_fw-la solvit_fw-la and_o there_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o chester_n t._n r._n e._n erant_fw-la duodecim_fw-la judices_fw-la civitatis_fw-la &_o high_a erant_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la feudatary_n or_o milites_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o episcopi_fw-la &_o comitis_fw-la horum_fw-la siquis_fw-la de_fw-la hundret_fw-la remanebat_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la sedebant_fw-la sine_fw-la excusatione_fw-la manifestâ_fw-la x._o solid_a emendebat_fw-la inter_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o comitem_fw-la and_o so_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o place_n in_o doomsday_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n there_o be_v mulct_n and_o punishment_n to_o be_v find_v for_o such_o suitor_n as_o give_v not_o their_o attendance_n at_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o further_o as_o we_o have_v our_o heretoch_n our_o 12_o time_n in_o a_o year_n ll._n ed._n conf._n c._n 35._o tit._n de_fw-fr heretoch_n hundred_o court_n ll._n edgari_n before_o cite_v ll._n ethelred_n c._n 4._o &_o leg_n polit_fw-la canut_n c._n 16._o so_o have_v the_o old_a german_n ll._n alaman_n tit._n 36._o §_o 1._o conventus_fw-la etc._n etc._n let_v the_o meeting_n or_o gemote_a according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n be_v in_o every_o hundred_o before_o the_o earl_n his_o commissary_n or_o the_o hundredary_n ibidem_fw-la §_o 2._o germany_n hundred_o court_n in_o germany_n let_v the_o court_n be_v from_o saturday_n to_o saturday_n or_o what_o day_n the_o earl_n or_o centenary_n shall_v think_v fit_a every_o seven_o fortnight_n seven_o the_o old_a german_n and_o saxon_n reckon_v their_o time_n by_o night_n instead_o of_o day_n and_o winter_n instead_o of_o year_n in_o some_o space_n of_o time_n we_o yet_o retain_v the_o custom_n as_o in_o seven_o night_n and_o fourteenight_v or_o fortnight_n night_n when_o we_o when_o in_o old_a germany_n all_o fray_n fight_v wound_v strive_v steal_v and_o all_o great_a offence_n and_o crime_n be_v account_v breach_n of_o the_o peace_n so_o be_v it_o here_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o at_o this_o day_n with_o we_o the_o peace_n be_v not_o well_o keep_v but_o when_o the_o peace_n shall_v be_v better_o keep_v than_o the_o hundred_o meeting_n shall_v be_v every_o fourteen_o night_n every_o freeman_n whatsoever_o he_o be_v whether_o the_o vassal_n of_o a_o duke_n or_o earl_n be_v punish_v twelve_o shilling_n if_o he_o come_v not_o to_o this_o meeting_n matter_n of_o less_o moment_n be_v determine_v in_o the_o german_a hundred_o court_n as_o well_o as_o in_o we_o ll._n longobard_fw-mi lib._n 2._o tit._n 52._o c._n 3._o court_n matter_n of_o less_o moment_n be_v â—riable_a in_o the_o hundred_o court_n no_o man_n in_o the_o court_n before_o the_o centenary_n shall_v be_v judge_v to_o death_n or_o to_o lose_v his_o liberty_n his_o estate_n or_o his_o slave_n but_o all_o such_o thing_n shall_v be_v judge_v before_o the_o earl_n or_o legate_n or_o commissioner_n county_n and_o the_o great_a matter_n be_v triable_a in_o the_o county_n that_o be_v in_o the_o county_n court_n where_o with_o they_o and_o we_o the_o title_n of_o estate_n in_o land_n be_v triable_a and_o last_o as_o we_o have_v our_o burghmote_n mention_v in_o our_o saxon_a law_n last_o cite_v so_o have_v the_o german_n in_o their_o municipia_fw-la burgh_n and_o city_n their_o court_n and_o judge_n their_o burgraves_n &_o civitatis_fw-la praeposit_v which_o magistrate_n be_v sometime_o call_v sculdais_n sculdasis_n scultetus_n or_o schults_n the_o tungreve_n burmester_n or_o burgomaster_n not_o unlike_o our_o major_n bailiff_n or_o alderman_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v such_o as_o the_o sculdais_n can_v not_o end_v it_o he_o be_v to_o direct_v both_o party_n to_o their_o judge_n which_o be_v the_o comes_fw-la pagi_fw-la or_o earl_n of_o the_o county_n where_o the_o city_n or_o town_n be_v ll._n longobard_fw-mi lib._n 2._o tit._n 41._o c._n 1.2_o the_o parity_n or_o identity_n of_o court_n be_v show_v the_o method_n of_o proceed_v in_o they_o shall_v be_v consider_v the_o very_a form_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v of_o what_o be_v do_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o learned_a 43._o learned_a praefat._n in_o auth._n decem_fw-la fol._n 43._o selden_n confess_v he_o can_v never_o find_v they_o some_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v make_v what_o be_v do_v here_o and_o show_v the_o proceed_n in_o germany_n it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o four_o of_o king_n ethelred_n law_n make_v at_o wanate_v brompton_n col_fw-fr 896._o &_o habeantur_fw-la placita_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la wapentachiis_fw-la and_o let_v court_n be_v hold_v in_o every_o wapentach_n or_o hundred_o judge_n how_o the_o english_a saxon_n proceed_v in_o judgement_n the_o 12_o man_n mention_v in_o the_o saxon_a law_n be_v no_o juryman_n but_o judge_n and_o let_v twelve_o of_o the_o most_o know_v so_o i_o translate_v seniores_fw-la here_o thanes_z or_o freemen_n assemble_v and_o meet_v with_o the_o centenary_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o hundred_o so_o i_o render_v praepositus_fw-la and_o swear_v they_o will_v accuse_v no_o innocent_a person_n nor_o spare_v one_o that_o be_v guilty_a these_o twelve_o thanes_z be_v common_o take_v to_o be_v juror_n or_o juryman_n and_o the_o other_o twelve_o mention_v in_o 94._o in_o lamb._n fol._n 94._o senatus_n consulto_fw-la de_fw-fr montic_n wall_n six_o welch_n six_o english_a be_v take_v to_o be_v a_o jury_n ex_fw-la medietate_fw-la linguae_fw-la to_o try_v the_o welsh_a and_o english_a in_o those_o part_n but_o these_o last_o in_o the_o very_a law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v judge_n and_o lawyer_n and_o not_o juror_n and_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v in_o their_o whole_a estate_n if_o they_o judge_v not_o according_a to_o right_n and_o equity_n unless_o they_o can_v excuse_v themselves_o by_o pretend_v to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o other_o twelve_o thanes_z name_v in_o ethelred_n law_n be_v no_o other_o but_o judge_n or_o assessor_n with_o the_o hundredary_n reve_n or_o praepositus_fw-la and_o swear_v with_o he_o to_o do_v every_o man_n right_a and_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o comes_n the_o they_o be_v assessor_n to_o the_o come_v in_o his_o court_n or_o mall_n so_o call_v from_o the_o saxon_a racha_n a_o cause_n and_o burgus_n a_o burgh_n or_o city_n as_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v a_o city_n judge_n they_o be_v often_o mention_v in_o the_o salique_a and_o ripuarian_a law_n as_o assistant_n to_o the_o graffio_n or_o comes_n rachinburgii_n and_o and_o so_o call_v from_o the_o law_n the_o gryph_n weich_fw-ge sax._n c._n 64._o n._n 7._o they_o occur_v often_o in_o the_o german_a law_n saxon_a scheppen_n jubere_fw-la monere_fw-la and_o be_v assessor_n also_o with_o the_o count_n and_o sometime_o as_o officer_n under_o he_o judge_v cause_n a_o shadow_n of_o these_o we_o retain_v still_o in_o our_o word_n our_o coke_n in_o hund._n and_o county_n court_v inst_z 4_o c._n 55_o 56._o freeholders_n judge_n in_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n note_n judgement_n give_v by_o the_o major_a and_o assessor_n in_o some_o of_o our_o corporation_n essoims_n what_o and_o whence_o that_o word_n county_n and_o hundred_o court_n where_o the_o freeholders_n sectatores_fw-la curiae_fw-la free-suitor_n be_v judge_n and_o judgement_n can_v be_v give_v in_o the_o court_n by_o the_o sheriff_n but_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o two_o three_o four_o or_o more_o of_o freeholders_n which_o be_v now_o hold_v sufficient_a to_o entitle_v they_o to_o be_v judge_n and_o the_o judgement_n there_o give_v in_o some_o also_o of_o our_o corporation_n there_o be_v assessor_n with_o the_o major_n or_o chief_a magistrate_n as_o in_o cambridge_n judgement_n be_v give_v by_o the_o major_a and_o bailiff_n which_o be_v four_o in_o number_n beside_o the_o alderman_n etc._n etc._n and_o we_o find_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n in_o doomsday_n there_o be_v twelve_o judge_n of_o that_o city_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n which_o be_v the_o man_n or_o feudatary_n of_o the_o king_n bishop_n and_o earl_n scabini_fw-la of_o the_o german_n which_o be_v judge_n coadjutor_n and_o assessor_n with_o the_o come_v and_o other_o inferior_a judge_n distress_n the_o german_n cause_v appearance_n by_o summons_n and_o distress_n the_o german_n have_v two_o way_n of_o proccee_a one_o by_o summons_n which_o in_o their_o law_n be_v call_v mannitio_fw-la and_o that_o only_a in_o two_o case_n when_o the_o question_n be_v about_o a_o man_n
himself_o than_o the_o battle_n be_v array_v as_o in_o this_o chapter_n be_v further_o describe_v but_o if_o there_o be_v none_o to_o make_v suit_n or_o clamour_v of_o murder_n against_o a_o suspect_a person_n accuse_v by_o common_a fame_n the_o justice_n may_v put_v he_o in_o prison_n and_o examine_v he_o before_o four_o knight_n man_n four_o knight_n 24_o lawful_a man_n and_o may_v cause_v a_o jury_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o of_o the_o most_o discreet_a and_o lawful_a man_n that_o can_v be_v find_v in_o or_o about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v which_o be_v suppose_v best_a to_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o case_n and_o how_o it_o be_v do_v and_o by_o these_o to_o try_v he_o he_o have_v his_o challenge_n allow_v to_o any_o of_o they_o but_o what_o twenty_o of_o they_o say_v be_v to_o remain_v good_a without_o contradiction_n murder_n c._n 70._o appeal_v of_o murder_n of_o murder_n and_o homicide_n the_o next_o of_o kin_n may_v have_v the_o suit_n etc._n etc._n if_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n be_v not_o of_o age_n than_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o he_o that_o be_v so_o 6._o c_o 71_o 72_o 73_o 74_o 75._o glanv_n lib._n 14._o c._n 4_o 5_o 6._o appeal_n or_o suit_v of_o robbery_n of_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n when_o a_o man_n have_v give_v security_n in_o court_n of_o his_o peaceable_a behaviour_n towards_o another_o of_o treason_n of_o mayheme_n of_o assault_n rape_n burn_v etc._n etc._n question_n c._n 69._o juror_n be_v glanv_n l._n 2._o c._n 17._o the_o near_a and_o best_a man_n such_o as_o know_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n juror_n be_v bind_v to_o speak_v the_o truth_n concern_v the_o plaint_n and_o therefore_o be_v to_o consider_v all_o circumstance_n relate_v to_o they_o they_o be_v to_o be_v of_o the_o near_a and_o best_a man_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o know_v the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n those_o which_o be_v not_o such_o or_o do_v not_o know_v or_o understand_v the_o matter_n in_o controversy_n be_v not_o admit_v it_o be_v vacation_n all_o those_o time_n 51._o c._n 80_o 81._o see_v westm_n one_a c._n 51._o in_o which_o marriage_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v solemnize_v upon_o all_o solemn_a feast_n and_o fast_n and_o the_o four_o solemn_a time_n the_o law_n of_o sanctuary_n be_v in_o normandy_n sanctuary_n c._n 81_o 82._o law_n of_o sanctuary_n no_o clerk_n ecclesiastical_a person_n or_o religious_a etc._n c._n 82_o 83._o clerk_n etc._n etc._n exempt_a from_o lay-court_n except_o etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v take_v or_o arrest_v and_o if_o he_o be_v be_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o church_n if_o demand_v and_o if_o convict_v in_o ecclesiastical_a court_n be_v to_o be_v degrade_v and_o depose_v from_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o clerk_n such_o person_n be_v exempt_a from_o sole_a jurisdiction_n of_o a_o lay-court_n unless_o in_o such_o matter_n as_o concern_v a_o layfee_n simple_a plaint_n personal_a be_v so_o call_v desrene_n c._n 85_o 86_o 123._o simple_a plaint_n desrene_n because_o determine_v by_o simple_a law_n which_o be_v call_v desrene_a which_o be_v a_o purgation_n of_o the_o defendant_n by_o his_o own_o oath_n and_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o his_o coadjutor_n this_o plaint_n be_v either_o of_o word_n or_o deed_n of_o deed_n as_o when_o one_o complain_v that_o another_o strike_v he_o and_o have_v his_o witness_n ready_a that_o say_v it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o see_v and_o hear_v it_o and_o be_v ready_a to_o do_v according_a to_o the_o award_n of_o the_o court_n without_o which_o last_o word_n his_o testimony_n have_v be_v invalid_a for_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o say_v he_o see_v and_o hear_v it_o but_o he_o must_v also_o offer_v himself_o to_o the_o award_n of_o the_o court_n from_o which_o accusation_n the_o defendant_n purge_v himself_o by_o swear_v that_o he_o do_v not_o strike_v he_o and_o that_o his_o witness_n neither_o see_v nor_o hear_v it_o purgation_n purgation_n by_o oath_n or_o canonical_a purgation_n and_o his_o coadjutor_n swear_v also_o that_o he_o swear_v a_o true_a oath_n desrene_n in_o latin_a be_v call_v deraisnia_n and_o perhaps_o be_v the_o same_o with_o dirationatio_n in_o the_o old_a historian_n in_o the_o canon_n law_n it_o be_v call_v purgation_n or_o canonical_a purgation_n and_o with_o we_o wager_n of_o law_n as_o also_o here_o law_n wager_n of_o law_n see_v cil_n qui_fw-la est_fw-la querelle_fw-fr enchet_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr loy_n que_fw-fr il_fw-fr a_o gaigee_n il_fw-fr doit_n amender_n le_fw-fr misfaict_n á_z celuy_fw-fr á_z qui_fw-fr il_fw-fr le_fw-fr fist_n &_o á_z la_fw-fr court_n c._n 85._o if_o the_o querelate_n or_o defendant_n fail_v in_o the_o law_n he_o have_v wage_v etc._n etc._n when_o the_o coadjutor_n have_v swear_v the_o accuse_a person_n be_v free_v and_o the_o accuser_n be_v in_o amends_o see_v in_o this_o chapter_n towards_o the_o end_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o amends_o to_o common_a person_n and_o to_o knight_n and_o soldier_n who_o be_v call_v authentic_a person_n the_o amends_o be_v as_o much_o to_o the_o lord_n in_o who_o court_n it_o be_v try_v as_o to_o the_o injure_a person_n and_o more_o to_o the_o duke_n or_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n according_a to_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o person_n and_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n personal_a plaint_n that_o arise_v from_o word_n defamation_n c._n 86._o action_n of_o defamation_n be_v the_o same_o we_o call_v action_n of_o defamation_n plea_n or_o plaint_n concern_v possession_n ibidem_fw-la c._n 87._o all_o plea_n of_o movable_n exceed_v 10_o s._n be_v try_v by_o law_n apparent_a ibidem_fw-la possessory_a action_n with_o we_o be_v either_o for_o movable_n which_o they_o call_v chattel_n as_o horse_n cow_n gold_n silver_n or_o immovables_n as_o land_n meadow_n pasture_n and_o all_o possession_n inherent_a to_o the_o land_n which_o they_o call_v fe_n their_o possessory_a action_n be_v call_v simple_a when_o terminate_v by_o simple_a law_n apparent_a when_o judge_v by_o law_n apparent_a that_o be_v by_o duel_n or_o by_o inquisition_n of_o country_n which_o they_o call_v recognition_n plea_n of_o debt_n debtor_n and_o surety_n and_o of_o contract_n covenant_n 91._o c._n 88_o 89_o 90_o 91._o and_o bargain_n etc._n c._n 92._o feodal_n plaint_n jury_n of_o twelve_o knight_n etc._n etc._n plea_n feodal_n be_v determine_v some_o by_o desrene_n or_o simple_a law_n concern_v movable_n feodal_n and_o other_o by_o enquest_n which_o be_v a_o recognition_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o knight_n or_o twelve_o other_o discreet_a honest_a credible_a person_n no_o way_n suspect_v the_o matter_n of_o all_o inquest_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o writ_n or_o brief_n râ—cognitions_n inquest_n râ—cognitions_n and_o those_o inquest_n that_o proceed_v by_o brief_a be_v call_v recognition_n writ_n c._n 91._o glanv_n l._n 13._o c._n 2_o the_o same_o writ_n there_o be_v one_o brief_a or_o write_v of_o novel_a disseisin_n another_o of_o mort_fw-fr d'ancestor_n anoter_n of_o eschaet_fw-la another_o of_o marriage_n encombre_n another_o of_o dowre_n another_o of_o presentment_n to_o a_o church_n another_o of_o fee_n and_o gage_n i._n e._n to_o inquire_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o fee_n or_o mortgage_n redeemable_a by_o the_o heir_n in_o the_o tenant_n hand_n another_z de_fw-fr feodo_n &_o firmâ_fw-la i._n e._n to_o inquire_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o fee_n or_o a_o farm_n for_o year_n in_o the_o possessor_n hand_n and_o who_o be_v the_o next_o heir_n of_o he_o that_o let_v it_o to_o farm_n another_o de_fw-la estabiliâ_fw-la to_o establish_v right_o or_o of_o right_a as_o we_o call_v it_o another_o of_o surdemand_a when_o the_o lord_n demand_v more_o rent_n and_o service_n than_o be_v due_a another_o of_o layfee_n and_o franc_n almoign_n another_o of_o lineage_n deny_v another_o of_o heritage_n take_v c._n 95._o tit._n vene_z by_o justice_n here_o iâ—_n mean_v the_o sergeant_n view_n how_o take_v view_n be_v when_o the_o plaintiff_n show_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o legal_a man_n the_o thing_n which_o he_o demand_v and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v make_v at_o a_o certain_a place_n day_n and_o hour_n assign_v by_o the_o sergeant_n who_o be_v here_o intend_a by_o the_o justice_n the_o viewer_n be_v assemble_v the_o sergeant_n be_v to_o recite_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o plaint_n contain_v in_o the_o writ_n or_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v read_v and_o then_o the_o end_v the_o bracton_n l._n 4._o c._n 16._o n._n 4._o upon_o view_n the_o land_n be_v take_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o not_o restore_v until_o the_o plea_n end_v plaintiff_n be_v to_o show_v what_o he_o demand_v with_o the_o bound_n in_o length_n and_o breadth_n or_o as_o we_o the_o butt_n and_o bound_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o view_n the_o thing_n show_v aught_o to_o be_v take_v
mention_v his_o holiness_n gain_v the_o first_o polut_v of_o his_o usurp_v jurisdiction_n in_o england_n although_o william_n still_o retain_v the_o absolute_a power_n of_o invest_v bishop_n and_o seem_v only_o to_o use_v the_o advice_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o legate_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n for_o that_o no_o decree_n or_o constitution_n be_v put_v in_o execution_n without_o his_o royal_a assent_n 1071._o assent_n eadmer_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la n._n 49._o lanfranc_n make_v archbishop_n a_o do._n 1071._o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n lanfranc_n abbot_n of_o caen_n in_o normandy_n a_o stout_a man_n and_o very_o much_o skill_v in_o divine_a and_o humane_a affair_n be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o consecrate_a the_o four_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o sptember_n or_o the_o twenty_o nine_o of_o august_n england_n august_n malm_v the_o gest_n pon._n lib._n â—_o fol._n 117._o a_o b._n the_o pope_n decree_v the_o controversy_n about_o the_o primacy_n between_o york_n and_o canterbury_n ought_v to_o be_v decide_v in_o england_n afterward_o go_v to_o rome_n for_o his_o pall_n thomas_n archbishop_n of_o york_n who_o he_o have_v consecrate_a go_v with_o he_o where_o thomas_n propound_v to_o pope_n alexander_n the_o controversy_n between_o himself_o and_o lanfranc_n about_o the_o primacy_n and_o subjection_n of_o the_o see_v of_o york_n to_o canterbury_n and_o the_o three_o bishopric_n of_o lincoln_n worcester_n and_o litchfield_n which_o he_o claim_v as_o subject_a to_o york_n the_o pope_n decree_v that_o the_o cause_n ought_v to_o be_v hear_v in_o england_n and_o decide_v by_o the_o testimony_n and_o judgement_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbat_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n b._n kingdom_n spelm._n council_n vol._n 2._o fol._n 6._o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1072._o sir_n john_n danis_n irish_a report_n fol._n 89._o b._n after_o two_o discussion_n one_o at_o winchester_n in_o the_o king_n chapel_n there_o in_o the_o castle_n in_o the_o solemnity_n of_o easter_n and_o the_o other_o at_o windsor_n in_o the_o feast_n of_o pentecost_n it_o be_v final_o determine_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n bishop_n abbat_n and_o of_o hubert_n legat_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n as_o say_v 30._o say_v fol._n 8._o n._n 30._o paris_n and_o many_o other_o order_n of_o man_n meet_v there_o upon_o the_o affair_n the_o the_o conqueror_n common_o keep_v easter_n at_o winchester_n whitsunday_n at_o windsor_n or_o westminster_n and_o christmas_n at_o gloucester_n at_o which_o time_n be_v present_a in_o court_n all_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n bishop_n abbat_n etc._n etc._n through_o all_o england_n so_o that_o at_o those_o time_n he_o can_v hold_v a_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n at_o a_o day_n warning_n when_o he_o please_v and_o at_o those_o time_n be_v common_o hold_v the_o great_a council_n for_o all_o public_a affair_n occasion_n of_o that_o festival_n scotland_n festival_n malm_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la b._n n._n 20_o 30_o 40._o the_o church_n of_o york_n ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o canterbury_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o york_n extend_v to_o the_o further_a part_n of_o scotland_n upon_o proof_n make_v by_o old_a authority_n and_o write_n that_o the_o church_n of_o york_n ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n to_o obey_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o all_o thing_n pertain_v to_o christian_a religion_n as_o the_o primate_n of_o all_o britain_n that_o the_o bishopric_n of_o duresm_n and_o all_o the_o country_n from_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o litchfield_n and_o from_o the_o great_a river_n humber_n unto_o the_o further_a part_n of_o scotland_n shall_v be_v the_o province_n and_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o york_n so_o that_o if_o the_o archbishop_n call_v a_o council_n wherever_o he_o please_v the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n with_o his_o suffragans_fw-la be_v to_o be_v present_a there_o and_o give_v obedience_n to_o what_o shall_v be_v determine_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n ought_v to_o receive_v episcopal_a benediction_n from_o he_o and_o under_o oath_n to_o make_v unto_o he_o canonical_a profession_n to_o these_o constitution_n the_o king_n arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbat_n and_o all_o these_o present_a agree_v and_o as_o 20._o as_o hist_o nou._n fol._n 9_o n._n 20._o eadmer_n say_v who_o have_v most_o reason_n to_o know_v best_a they_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o king_n seal_n about_o this_o time_n he_o amend_v distinguish_v amend_v cart._n in_o append._n n._n 11._o the_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a jurisdiction_n distinguish_v the_o episcopal_a law_n which_o have_v not_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o his_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbat_n and_o all_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o command_v by_o his_o regal_a authority_n that_o no_o bishop_n or_o archdeacon_n shall_v hold_v plea_n in_o the_o hundred_o concern_v episcopal_a law_n nor_o shall_v bring_v any_o cause_n pertain_v to_o the_o government_n of_o soul_n before_o a_o secular_a judicature_n but_o that_o every_o one_o that_o have_v transgress_v episcopal_a law_n shall_v be_v judge_v in_o a_o place_n where_o the_o bishop_n shall_v appoint_v according_a to_o the_o same_o law_n and_o canon_n law_n canon_n this_o be_v leave_v out_o by_o mr._n selden_n f._n 167_o 168._o not._n in_o eadmer_n no_o sheriff_n minister_n or_o laic_a to_o meddle_v with_o episcopal_a law_n and_o if_o any_o one_o be_v so_o obstinate_a as_o not_o to_o appear_v at_o the_o three_o summons_n he_o shall_v be_v excommunicate_v and_o if_o need_n be_v the_o king_n or_o sheriff_n power_n be_v to_o be_v add_v and_o further_o command_v that_o no_o sheriff_n minister_n or_o laic_a shall_v intermeddle_v with_o the_o bishop_n law_n before_o this_o the_o bishop_n sit_v with_o the_o sheriff_n in_o the_o county_n court_n or_o turn_v and_o with_o the_o hundredary_n in_o the_o hundred_o court_n if_o he_o please_v where_o they_o promiscuous_o determine_v ecclesiastical_a and_o secular_a cause_n and_o from_o this_o time_n the_o separation_n of_o both_o jurisdiction_n bear_v date_n and_o further_o out_o of_o the_o fullness_n of_o ecclesiastical_a power_n with_o which_o he_o think_v himself_o invest_v in_o right_a of_o his_o crown_n ibid._n crown_n cleopat_fw-la e._n 1._o bibl._n coâ—ton_n 1._o vol._n of_o the_o state_n of_o he_o church_n &_o ex_fw-la chart._n willielmi_n sub_fw-la sigillo_fw-la ibid._n by_o the_o assent_n of_o lanfranc_n archbishop_n and_o stigand_n bishop_n of_o chichester_n in_o a_o council_n of_o his_o bishop_n and_o baron_n grant_v to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n martin_n of_o battle-abby_n which_o he_o found_v 1086._o found_v in_o append_v n._n 12._o an._n do._n 1086._o all_o the_o freedom_n from_o subjection_n imaginable_a and_o that_o although_o it_o be_v within_o the_o diocese_n of_o winchester_n yet_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o bishop_n abby_n great_a privilege_n grant_v by_o william_n to_o battle_n abby_n and_o that_o in_o his_o visitation_n he_o shall_v not_o lodge_v there_o nor_o in_o any_o of_o the_o manner_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o that_o in_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o church_n and_o a_o league_n every_o way_n round_o about_o it_o the_o abbot_n shall_v be_v lord_n and_o judge_n the_o violator_n of_o which_o constitution_n be_v for_o ever_o anathematise_v by_o lanfranc_n archbishop_n stigand_n aforesaid_a walkelin_a bishop_n of_o winchester_n wolstan_n bishop_n of_o worcerster_n all_o then_o present_a the_o pope_n send_v to_o william_n by_o his_o legate_n hubert_n to_o do_v he_o fealty_n and_o pay_v he_o the_o arrear_n of_o peterpence_n but_o though_o willing_a to_o gratify_v he_o in_o one_o he_o absolute_o pope_n absolute_o in_o appe_v n._n 13._o the_o conqueror_n refuse_v to_o be_v feudatary_a to_o the_o pope_n deny_v the_o other_o and_o refuse_v to_o become_v his_o feudatary_n or_o vassal_n for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n archbishop_z lanfranc_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n hold_v and_o preside_v in_o many_o council_n in_o one_o at_o london_n member_n london_n spelm._n council_n fol._n 7_o 8._o vol._n 2._o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1075._o bishopric_n remove_v from_o village_n to_o city_n the_o clergy_n not_o to_o give_v judgement_n in_o loss_n of_o life_n or_o member_n wherein_o because_o it_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o council_n of_o sardis_n and_o laodicea_n that_o bishop_n see_v shall_v be_v in_o village_n therefore_o by_o the_o king_n munificence_n and_o authority_n of_o this_o synod_n bishop_n hermannus_n remove_v from_o sherborn_n to_o salisbury_n stigand_n from_o selsey_n to_o chichester_n peter_n from_o litchfield_n to_o chester_n and_o afterward_o remigius_n from_o dorchester_n a_o village_n in_o oxfordshire_n to_o lincoln_n it_o be_v also_o ordain_v in_o this_o council_n that_o according_a to_o the_o council_n of_o eliberis_n and_o the_o eleven_o of_o toledo_n both_o city_n in_o spain_n that_o no_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n
grow_v every_o day_n more_o dissolute_a all_o the_o kingdom_n over_o for_o which_o cause_n the_o king_n call_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o clergy_n to_o london_n and_o crime_n and_o ibid._n c._n 23._o he_o urge_v the_o bishop_n that_o clerc_n may_v be_v try_v by_o the_o secular_a law_n for_o enormous_a crime_n have_v tell_v they_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o be_v call_v together_o and_o urgent_o press_v that_o clerc_v take_v for_o or_o accuse_v of_o enormous_a crime_n may_v be_v leave_v to_o his_o officer_n and_o not_o have_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o church_n he_o most_o earnest_o require_v by_o advice_n of_o such_o as_o have_v skill_n in_o both_o law_n that_o such_o clerc_n may_v present_o be_v degrade_v and_o tradantur_fw-la and_o curiae_fw-la tradantur_fw-la deliver_v to_o the_o court_n whence_o some_o very_a learned_a man_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n favour_n do_v affirm_v that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v send_v into_o exile_n or_o thrust_v into_o a_o monastery_n by_o the_o canon_n law_n but_o rather_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o court_n that_o be_v they_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o secular_a judgement_n the_o it_o the_o ibid._n the_o archbishop_n neither_o can_v or_o will_v bear_v it_o archbishop_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n have_v consult_v their_o learned_a man_n be_v much_o concern_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o clergy_n answer_v to_o these_o thing_n clear_o and_o probable_o or_o perhaps_o by_o proof_n luculent_a satis_fw-la &_o probabiliter_fw-la respondent_fw-la according_a to_o the_o canonical_a institution_n of_o ancient_a father_n and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o speech_n with_o much_o devotion_n beseech_v his_o royal_a clemency_n etc._n clemency_n regiâ—m_fw-la objecrabat_fw-la clementiam_fw-la â—esub_fw-la novo_fw-la rege_fw-la christo_fw-la &_o sub_fw-la nova_fw-la christi_fw-la lege_fw-la in_fw-la novam_fw-la &_o peculiarem_fw-la domini_fw-la sortem_fw-la contra_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la patrum_fw-la instituta_fw-la novam_fw-la per_fw-la regnum_fw-la suum_fw-la induceret_fw-la cohertionem_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o he_o will_v not_o under_o a_o new_a king_n christ_n and_o under_o a_o new_a law_n of_o christ_n introduce_v into_o a_o new_a and_o peculiar_a lot_n of_o the_o lord_n contrary_a to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n a_o new_a way_n of_o coercion_n into_o his_o own_o kingdom_n and_o this_o he_o beg_v for_o the_o king_n sake_n and_o the_o quiet_a and_o stability_n of_o his_o kingdom_n often_o humble_o inculcate_v that_o he_o neither_o can_v or_o will_v bear_v it_o but_o the_o law_n the_o ibid._n c._n 24._o he_o require_v the_o observation_n of_o his_o law_n king_n not_o move_v with_o his_o importunity_n demand_v more_o earnest_o whether_o he_o and_o the_o bishop_n will_v observe_v his_o royal_a answer_n royal_a consuetudines_fw-la suay_n regias_fw-la the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n answer_v they_o will_v observe_v they_o save_v their_o order_n the_o king_n angry_a at_o their_o answer_n law_n and_o custom_n add_v that_o in_o his_o grandfather_n time_n they_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n chief_z man_n and_o privilege_a person_n and_o that_o now_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v set_v aside_o the_o archbishop_n after_o consultation_n with_o his_o brethren_n answer_v they_o will_v observe_v they_o salvo_fw-la ordine_fw-la svo_fw-la and_o the_o bishop_n be_v ask_v one_o by_o one_o give_v the_o same_o answer_n only_a hilary_n bishop_n of_o chichester_n change_v the_o phrase_n say_v he_o will_v observe_v the_o king_n custom_n or_o law_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la in_o good_a faith_n the_o king_n be_v angry_a at_o the_o answer_n and_o reservation_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o other_o bishop_n and_o depart_v from_o they_o most_o of_o the_o archbishop_n the_o ibid._n c._n 25._o the_o bishop_n desert_n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n desert_n the_o archbishop_n and_o he_o a_o long_a time_n persist_v in_o his_o denial_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o exhortation_n of_o they_o and_o persuasion_n of_o the_o secular_a great_a man_n yet_o at_o length_n he_o come_v to_o the_o king_n at_o oxford_n and_o promise_v to_o change_v those_o word_n salvo_fw-la ordine_fw-la svo_fw-la save_v his_o order_n which_o give_v he_o so_o much_o trouble_v hereupon_o the_o king_n clarendon_n king_n ibidem_fw-la c._n 26._o the_o council_n at_o clarendon_n call_v the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n to_o clarendon_n where_o he_o exact_v the_o promise_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n and_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o man_n and_o norwich_n and_o two_o of_o the_o great_a earl_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o other_o great_a person_n send_v from_o the_o king_n he_o promise_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la and_o in_o verbo_fw-la veritatis_fw-la in_o good_a faith_n and_o in_o the_o word_n of_o truth_n law_n the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n promise_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la and_o in_o verbo_fw-la veritatis_fw-la to_o observe_v the_o king_n royal_a law_n to_o observe_v the_o king_n law_n leave_v out_o the_o word_n salvo_fw-la ordine_fw-la svo_fw-la and_o all_o the_o bishop_n do_v the_o like_a and_o then_o those_o royal_a custom_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o form_n and_o cause_v to_o be_v write_v by_o the_o great_a man_n and_o recognize_v by_o they_o in_o this_o council_n escape_v council_n ib._n c._n 27.28_o the_o king_n require_v the_o bishop_n to_o put_v their_o seal_n to_o their_o acknowledgement_n the_o arch_a bishop_n repent_v and_o refuse_v and_o endeavour_n to_o escape_v the_o king_n require_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n to_o confirm_v their_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o law_n by_o put_v thereunto_o their_o seal_n the_o archbishop_n repent_v he_o of_o his_o promise_n and_o refuse_v to_o do_v it_o and_o resolve_v to_o go_v private_o unto_o the_o pope_n which_o he_o attempt_v and_o have_v be_v twice_o at_o sea_n be_v both_o time_n drive_v back_o this_o escape_v this_o ibidem_fw-la c._n 30._o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1164._o the_o king_n angry_a at_o his_o endeavour_n to_o escape_v attempt_n much_o heighten_v the_o king_n displeasure_n against_o he_o and_o he_o cause_v he_o peremptory_o to_o be_v cite_v at_o a_o certain_a day_n to_o answer_v such_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v object_v against_o he_o the_o king_n also_o by_o a_o strict_a edict_n confiscate_v edict_n regni_fw-la episcopi_fw-la vniversi_fw-la &_o proceres_fw-la exit_fw-la edicto_fw-la regio_fw-la districtissimè_fw-la convocantur_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n judge_v all_o his_o movable_n to_o be_v confiscate_v call_v together_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o meet_v at_o northampton_n where_o the_o archbishop_n appear_v not_o in_o person_n according_a to_o his_o citation_n though_o he_o send_v his_o answer_n and_o excuse_v for_o which_o cause_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o those_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n all_o his_o movable_n be_v confiscate_v this_o he_o say_v be_v a_o new_a form_n of_o judgement_n according_a to_o the_o new_a canon_n or_o law_n make_v at_o clarendon_n for_o it_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o before_o that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canturbury_n shall_v be_v try_v in_o the_o king_n court_n for_o any_o cause_n whatsoever_o both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o his_o church_n and_o person_n and_o that_o because_o he_o be_v spiritual_a father_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o all_o in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o he_o complain_v more_o of_o his_o brethren_n and_o fellow-bishop_n than_o he_o do_v of_o the_o judgement_n or_o the_o lay_v person_n judge_v of_o he_o etc._n etc._n ibidem_fw-la etc._n ibidem_fw-la veruntamen_fw-la multo_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la judicio_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la proceribus_fw-la judicantibus_fw-la de_fw-la consratribus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o coepiscopis_fw-la querebatur_fw-la novam_fw-la formam_fw-la &_o ordinem_fw-la judiciorum_fw-la dictos_fw-la invenisse_fw-la ut_fw-la archipraesul_n à _fw-la suis_fw-la suffraganeis_fw-la aut_fw-la pater_fw-la à _fw-la filiis_fw-la judicetur_fw-la the_o king_n in_o the_o it_o the_o ibidem_fw-la c._n 31._o 500_o l._n charge_v upon_o the_o archbishop_n security_n give_v for_o it_o second_o day_n of_o this_o council_n require_v five_o hundred_o pound_n of_o the_o archbishop_n which_o he_o say_v he_o have_v borrow_v of_o he_o the_o archbishop_n affirm_v the_o king_n give_v he_o the_o money_n which_o notwithstanding_o when_o he_o can_v not_o prove_v it_o be_v adjudge_v against_o he_o and_o the_o king_n exact_v caution_n and_o the_o archbishop_n make_v some_o delay_n it_o be_v tell_v he_o he_o must_v either_o pay_v the_o money_n or_o go_v to_o prison_n but_o some_o man_n see_v his_o friend_n and_o suffragans_fw-la forsake_v he_o voluntary_o offer_v themselves_o as_o surety_n for_o he_o and_o five_o not_o there_o name_v become_v bind_v every_o one_o in_o a_o hundred_o pound_n on_o the_o 34._o the_o c._n 34._o last_o day_n of_o the_o council_n before_o he_o enter_v into_o the_o court_n the_o bishop_n come_v to_o he_o astonish_v and_o affright_v at_o the_o thing_n they_o have_v hear_v whence_o compliance_n whence_o
great_a man_n of_o ireland_n and_o therefore_o order_v they_o to_o secure_v the_o peace_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o send_v they_o further_o private_a instruction_n by_o roger_n waspail_n who_o carry_v these_o letter_n to_o who_o he_o command_v they_o to_o give_v credit_n this_o be_v all_o i_o find_v worth_n note_v concern_v ireland_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n who_o appoint_v courageous_a justiciaries_n and_o other_o officer_n by_o who_o industry_n and_o by_o put_v the_o english_a law_n in_o execution_n that_o nation_n be_v keep_v in_o peace_n and_o quiet_a the_o issue_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o edward_n his_o 30._o his_o paris_n f._n 488._o n._n 30._o elder_a son_n by_z queen_n alienor_fw-la of_o provence_n who_o be_v king_n of_o england_n after_o his_o death_n be_v bear_v at_o westminster_n upon_o the_o 16_o of_o june_n 1239._o edmund_z his_o second_o son_n by_o the_o same_o queen_n 20._o queen_n ibid._n f._n 654._o n._n 20._o bear_v january_n 16_o a._n d._n 1245._o in_o the_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n he_o be_v earl_n of_o lancaster_n leicester_n derby_n and_o campaign_n lord_n of_o monmouth_n and_o steward_n of_o england_n there_o be_v by_o some_o four_o more_o son_n name_v but_o if_o he_o have_v they_o they_o die_v young_a margaret_z his_o 1._o his_o pat._n 36_o hen._n 3._o m._n 1._o elder_a daughter_n be_v marry_v to_o the_o king_n of_o scot_n alexander_n the_o second_o a_o child_n of_o nine_o year_n old_a beatrice_z his_o second_o daughter_n so_o name_v of_o her_o grandmother_n beatrice_n countess_n of_o provence_n be_v 20._o be_v paris_n f._n 5â—4_n n._n 20._o bear_v at_o bourdeaux_n in_o gascoigne_n on_o the_o 25_o of_o june_n a._n d._n 1242._o and_o be_v marry_v to_o john_n de_fw-fr dreux_n duke_n of_o britain_n in_o france_n and_o earl_n of_o richmond_n in_o england_n katherine_z the_o three_o daughter_n be_v bear_v 10._o bear_v ibid._n f._n 879._o n._n 10._o at_o london_n on_o st._n katherine_n day_n or_o the_o 25_o of_o november_n a._n d._n 1253._o and_o die_v at_o five_o year_n of_o age._n finis_fw-la the_o appendix_n de_fw-fr sententiis_fw-la judicum_fw-la chartley_n xcix_o vauco_fw-la in_o nomine_fw-la dei_fw-la forma_fw-la progreâ—suâ—_n in_fw-la judicio_fw-la antiquitates_fw-la alaman_n tom_n 2._o fol._n 3._o cum_fw-la resideret_fw-la vnfredus_fw-la vir_fw-la inluster_n rhetia_fw-mi be_v towards_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o alps._n retiarum_fw-la n._n 1_o comes_fw-la incurte_fw-fr ad_fw-la campos_fw-la in_o mallo_n publico_fw-la ad_fw-la universorum_fw-la causas_fw-la audiendas_fw-la vel_fw-la recta_fw-la judicia_fw-la terminanda_fw-la ibique_fw-la veniens_fw-la bomo_fw-la aliquis_fw-la nomine_fw-la hrothelmus_fw-la proclamavit_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o contra_fw-la direâ—tum_fw-la coâ—_n drâ—ctum_n coâ—tra_fw-la drutum_fw-la contra_fw-la droâ—_n gallicâ—_n testimonia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d tâ—sâ—eâ—_n common_a in_o barbâ—rousâ—â—tin_n â—â—tin_z contradrutum_fw-la suum_fw-la mansum_fw-la ei_fw-la tollutum_fw-la fuisset_fw-la quod_fw-la ei_fw-la advenit_fw-la à _fw-la parâ—e_fw-la uxoris_fw-la suâ—_n simul_fw-la &_o flavino_n &_o propriâ—_n suum_fw-la fuisset_fw-la &_o legibus_fw-la suum_fw-la esse_fw-la deberet_fw-la quin_fw-la jam_fw-la de_fw-la tradaviovxoris_fw-la suae_fw-la fuisset_fw-la â—dcircò_fw-la suum_fw-la esse_fw-la deberet_fw-la tum_fw-la prâ—dictus_fw-la comes_fw-la convocatis_fw-la illa_fw-la testimonia_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la ipso_fw-la bâ—go_fw-la erant_fw-la interrogavit_fw-la eos_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la fidem_fw-la &_o sacramentum_fw-la quam_fw-la nostro_fw-la domino_fw-la datam_fw-la haberet_fw-la quicquid_fw-la exinde_fw-la scirent_fw-la veritatem_fw-la diâ—eâ—ent_fw-la at_o illi_fw-la dixerunt_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la quod_fw-la domino_fw-la nostro_fw-la datum_fw-la habemus_fw-la scimus_fw-la quia_fw-la fuit_fw-la quidem_fw-la homo_fw-la nomine_fw-la mado_n qui_fw-la ibi_fw-la habuit_fw-la suum_fw-la solum_fw-la proprium_fw-la cujus_fw-la conâ—inium_fw-la nos_fw-la sciâ—us_fw-la quiâ—_n adjacet_fw-la &_o confineâ—â—d_fw-la ipsâ—m_fw-la mansom_n unde_fw-la iste_fw-la proclamat_fw-la in_o quâ—_n illi_fw-la arbore_fw-la durem_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr uno_fw-la lâ—tâ—re_fw-la aquâ—_fw-la câ—ngâ—t_fw-la &_o inter_fw-la eos_fw-la terminum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o petrâ—s_n &_o in_o arboris_fw-la ipse_fw-la est_fw-la dominus_fw-la nam_fw-la sicut_fw-la illa_fw-la â—dificiâ—_n dâ—sursum_fw-la conjungâ—nt_fw-la istorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la proprium_fw-la est_fw-la &_o illorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la de_fw-la parâ—e_fw-la avii_fw-la illorum_fw-la quinti_fw-la tunc_fw-la praedictus_fw-la comes_fw-la jussit_fw-la ut_fw-la ipsa_fw-la testimonia_fw-la suprâ—_n irent_fw-la &_o ipsos_fw-la terminos_fw-la ostenderent_fw-la quod_fw-la dâ—ebant_fw-la quod_fw-la 〈…〉_o feâ—erunt_fw-la &_o ipsos_fw-la terminos_fw-la firmaverunt_fw-la qui_fw-la inter_fw-la illa_fw-la dâ—_n mansaâ—ernebant_fw-la â—ernebant_z sed_fw-la &_o pluâ—imi_fw-la ibidem_fw-la adfuerunt_fw-la nobiles_fw-la quos_fw-la ipse_fw-la comes_fw-la cum_fw-la â—s_n direâ—erat_fw-la quod_fw-la &_o omne_fw-la pleniter_fw-la factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la ut_fw-la autem_fw-la haec_fw-la â—iâ—ita_fw-la â—unt_fw-la interrogavit_fw-la ipse_fw-la comes_fw-la illâ—s_fw-la scabinios_n quid_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la hâc_fw-la causâ_fw-la judicare_fw-la voluissent_fw-la at_o illi_fw-la dixerunt_fw-la secundum_fw-la istorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la vestram_fw-la inquisitionem_fw-la judicamus_fw-la ut_fw-la sicut_fw-la davisum_fw-la &_o finitum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o terminis_fw-la positâ—s_fw-la inter_fw-la ipsos_fw-la mansos_n ut_fw-la isti_fw-la homines_fw-la illorum_fw-la proprium_fw-la habeant_fw-la absque_fw-la ulliâ—_n contradictione_n in_o perpetuum_fw-la &_o quoth_v in_o dominico_n dictum_fw-la &_o terminâ—_n divisum_fw-la coram_fw-la testibus_fw-la fuit_fw-la reâ—eptum_fw-la sit_fw-la ad_fw-la partem_fw-la domini_fw-la nostri_fw-la proptereâ—_n opporâ—num_fw-la fuit_fw-la hrothelmo_n &_o flavino_n cum_fw-la hieredibus_fw-la eorum_fw-la ut_fw-la exinde_fw-la ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la comite_fw-la vel_fw-la scabinis_fw-la tale_n scriptum_n acciperent_fw-la about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 807._o in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a qualiter_fw-la in_o postmodum_fw-la ipsom_n mansom_n absque_fw-la ullius_fw-la contrarietate_fw-la omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la valeant_fw-la possidere_fw-la actum_fw-la curte_n ad_fw-la campos_fw-la mallo_n publico_fw-la anno_fw-la 7_o imperii_fw-la caroli_n augusti_fw-la &_o 37_o regni_fw-la ejus_fw-la in_o franciâ_fw-la &_o 34_o in_o italiâ_fw-la datum_n vii_o id_fw-la feb._n sub_fw-la umfredo_n comite_fw-la faeliciter_fw-la amen_n haec_fw-la nomina_fw-la testum_fw-la valeriano_n burgolfo_n vrsone_n stefano_n majorino_n valerio_n leontio_n victore_fw-la maurestone_n frontiano_n florentio_n stipfone_n valentiano_n quintello_n stradario_n et_fw-la haec_fw-la nomina_fw-la scabiniorum_fw-la flavino_n orsicino_n odmaro_n alexandro_n eusebio_n maurentio_n quam_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la plurimis_fw-la ego_fw-la itaque_fw-la vauco_fw-la rogitus_fw-la scripsi_fw-la &_o subscripsi_fw-la all_o old_a judgement_n process_n and_o chart_n be_v drawâ—_n up_o in_o barbarous_a provincial_n latin_a without_o congruity_n syntax_n propriety_n or_o elegancy_n the_o process_n and_o judgement_n be_v thus_o english_v n._n 1_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n when_o humphrey_n the_o illustrious_a person_n earl_n of_o rhaetia_n in_o his_o pavilion_n in_o the_o field_n in_o a_o public_a mall_n or_o court_n sit_v to_o hear_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o man_n or_o to_o determine_v according_a to_o right_a judgement_n there_o come_v a_o certain_a man_n call_v hrothelm_v and_o complain_v that_o against_o his_o right_n he_o have_v a_o house_n or_o farm_n take_v from_o he_o which_o come_v to_o he_o by_o his_o wife_n and_o flavino_n and_o be_v proper_o his_o own_o and_o 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to_o perform_v their_o service_n there_o be_v very_o few_o freehold_n land_n according_a to_o the_o present_a notion_n of_o they_o nor_o be_v the_o proprietor_n of_o they_o of_o much_o esteem_n until_o the_o military_a man_n part_v with_o so_o much_o of_o their_o estate_n as_o their_o fee_n grow_v very_o narrow_a and_o scanty_a so_o as_o they_o can_v not_o support_v their_o military_a service_n and_o charge_n and_o the_o burden_n as_o they_o then_o account_v they_o of_o attend_v at_o hundred_o and_o county_n court_v and_o upon_o the_o justice_n in_o their_o iter_n or_o circuit_n and_o sheriff_n in_o their_o turn_v but_o either_o send_v their_o attorney_n or_o deputy_n or_o by_o law_n of_o their_o own_o make_n force_v the_o inconsiderable_a freeholders_n or_o soccager_n upon_o that_o drudgery_n nor_o be_v these_o military_a man_n any_o other_o than_o norman_n or_o the_o descendants_n from_o they_o that_o make_v this_o noise_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n be_v 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&_o in_o dubiis_fw-la &_o obscuris_fw-la vel_fw-la si_fw-la dictio_fw-la aliqua_fw-la dvos_fw-la contineat_fw-la intellectus_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la erit_fw-la expectanda_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la &_o voluntas_fw-la cum_fw-la ejus_fw-la sit_fw-la interpretari_fw-la cujus_fw-la est_fw-la condere_fw-la concern_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o king_n or_o deed_n of_o king_n neither_o the_o justice_n or_o any_o private_a person_n ought_v or_o may_v dispute_v nor_o when_o there_o may_v arise_v a_o doubt_n in_o any_o one_o of_o they_o may_v they_o interpret_v it_o for_o in_o doubtful_a and_o obscure_a passage_n if_o any_o word_n contain_v two_o meaning_n the_o king_n mind_n and_o interpretation_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v when_o as_o he_o that_o make_v and_o grant_v aught_o to_o interpret_v it_o the_o baron_n and_o bishop_n as_o often_o as_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o quarrel_v with_o the_o king_n clamour_v against_o he_o for_o not_o observe_v the_o charter_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o he_o think_v they_o extend_v it_o too_o far_o thus_o they_o begin_v and_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o please_v can_v improve_v these_o clamour_n almost_o into_o a_o perfect_a rebellion_n especial_o if_o they_o prefaced_a they_o with_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o holy_a church_n for_o that_o then_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o religious_a equal_o influence_v the_o people_n and_o move_v they_o to_o sedition_n and_o tumult_n as_o pretend_a oppression_n of_o conscience_n and_o destroy_v their_o religion_n by_o the_o management_n of_o the_o dissent_v brethren_n do_v at_o this_o day_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v they_o stiff_o insist_v upon_o it_o to_o have_v a_o power_n to_o etc._n to_o see_v answer_v â—o_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v â—_o 131_o 132_o etc._n etc._n choose_v the_o justiciary_a or_o chief_a justice_n and_o send_v into_o the_o several_a county_n itinerant_a justice_n such_o as_o may_v interpret_v the_o point_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o execute_v the_o law_n to_o their_o advantage_n and_o according_a to_o the_o humour_n and_o clamour_v of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o faction_n but_o notwithstanding_o their_o object_v to_o the_o king_n his_o neglect_n and_o non-observation_n of_o the_o charter_n they_o either_o will_v not_o be_v or_o think_v not_o themselves_o oblige_v by_o it_o for_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v hint_v in_o the_o general_n preface_n fol._n 40._o b._n they_o use_v and_o practise_v arbitrary_a dominion_n and_o power_n over_o their_o tenant_n and_o neighbour_n refuse_v to_o be_v justify_v that_o be_v to_o receive_v justice_n from_o the_o king_n and_o his_o court_n or_o to_o observe_v the_o article_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n which_o concern_v they_o for_o remedy_n whereof_o the_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 20_o and_o 22_o chapter_n of_o the_o etc._n the_o pulâ—on's_n statute_n f._n 16_o 17_o etc._n etc._n statute_n of_o marleborough_n make_v in_o the_o 52d_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o be_v provide_v so_o that_o we_o see_v those_o factious_a baron_n when_o they_o have_v secure_v their_o own_o liberty_n rather_o make_v use_n of_o they_o to_o oppress_v than_o relieve_v their_o tenant_n and_o neighbour_n the_o practice_n of_o these_o man_n be_v not_o well_o understand_v by_o our_o ordinary_a writer_n who_o have_v nothing_o but_o what_o they_o common_o find_v in_o the_o monk_n the_o only_a historian_n of_o those_o time_n and_o they_o write_v the_o action_n of_o king_n and_o great_a man_n and_o render_v they_o good_a or_o bad_a as_o they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o kind_a and_o beneficent_a to_o the_o church_n churchman_n and_o themselves_o and_o extol_v or_o defame_a they_o as_o they_o appear_v for_o and_o favour_v their_o ecclesiastic_a liberty_n who_o will_v not_o think_v simon_n montfort_n earl_n of_o leicester_n a_o great_a patron_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n a_o saint_n a_o innocent_a person_n and_o good_a subject_n that_o bare_o read_v the_o monk_n of_o those_o and_o succeed_v time_n
commonwealth_n and_o divide_v the_o province_n between_o himself_o and_o the_o roman_a people_n those_o which_o be_v most_o quiet_a and_o remote_a from_o enemy_n he_o give_v to_o they_o such_o as_o border_v upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v most_o hazardous_a he_o keep_v to_o himself_o lest_o the_o people_n have_v the_o command_n of_o soldier_n and_o arm_n may_v turn_v they_o against_o he_o ibid._n ibid._n their_o magistrate_n he_o call_v proconsul_n although_o they_o have_v never_o be_v consul_n or_o choose_v out_o of_o senator_n that_o have_v bear_v that_o office_n they_o have_v no_o power_n over_o the_o soldier_n nor_o do_v they_o wear_v a_o sword_n or_o soldier_n habit_n those_o which_o he_o send_v into_o the_o province_n call_v legate_n or_o lieutenant_n who_o so_o call_v that_o he_o retain_v himself_o he_o call_v legate_n or_o lieutenant_n although_o they_o have_v be_v consul_n and_o vice-praetor_n that_o be_v have_v bear_v the_o office_n of_o praetor_n contain_v not._n imp._n or_o c._n 98._o city_n how_o many_o a_o province_n contain_v every_o province_n contain_v ten_o or_o eleven_o eleven_o be_v not._n imp._n or_o c._n 98._o city_n and_o chief_a city_n what_o ibid._n c_o 33._o praetorian_a praefect_n what_o he_o be_v they_o be_v such_o place_n as_o have_v court_n for_o hear_v cause_n duumviri_fw-la judge_n or_o magistrate_n execute_v justice_n but_o the_o great_a city_n or_o metropoles_fw-la such_o as_o have_v a_o prâ—tâ—rium_n or_o palace_n a_o gymnasium_n a_o school_n or_o place_n of_o philosophy_n exercise_n a_o theatre_n court_n and_o bath_n city_n at_o least_o and_o they_o be_v various_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o time_n in_o the_o begin_n all_o be_v praetor_n because_o govern_v by_o praetor_n but_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o asia_n and_o achaia_n there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o province_n praetorian_a and_o consular_a which_o be_v govern_v by_o proconsul_n the_o magistrate_n or_o officer_n in_o italy_n be_v praetorian_a and_o consular_a those_o abroad_o be_v propretorian_a and_o proconsular_a ibid._n ibid._n constantin_n the_o great_a change_v this_o constitution_n and_o the_o form_n of_o government_n in_o the_o empire_n prefect_n alâ—iat_fw-la t._n 2_o the_o magistrate_n etc._n etc._n 471._o constantin_n institutes_n 4_o praetorian_a prefect_n and_o institute_v four_o etc._n four_o the_o praetorian_a praefect_n at_o first_o only_o command_v the_o emperor_n immediate_a guard_n and_o from_o these_o those_o constitute_v by_o constantin_n have_v their_o denomination_n and_o have_v the_o great_a trust_n in_o the_o empire_n commit_v to_o they_o by_o succeed_a emperor_n from_o who_o sentence_n there_o be_v no_o appeal_n etc._n etc._n praetorian_a prefect_n one_o of_o the_o east_n another_o of_o illiricum_n a_o three_o of_o italy_n and_o a_o four_o of_o gallia_n these_o have_v their_o vicar_n or_o deputy_n under_o they_o who_o likewise_o have_v the_o command_n over_o several_a precedent_n consular_o and_o other_o magistrate_n according_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o country_n where_o they_o be_v deputy_n or_o vicar_n province_n three_o degree_n of_o province_n there_o be_v three_o degree_n of_o province_n the_o great_a the_o middle_a 98._o not._n imp._n or_o c._n 98._o and_o the_o less_o the_o great_a province_n be_v rule_v by_o the_o great_a magistrate_n or_o spectabiles_fw-la the_o conspicuous_a or_o notable_a who_o how_o rule_v and_o by_o who_o such_o be_v proconsul_n comites_fw-la count_n etc._n etc._n the_o middle_n be_v consular_a province_n not_o that_o they_o be_v govern_v by_o consul_n or_o proconsul_n but_o by_o senator_n send_v with_o consulary_a ornament_n these_o be_v sometime_o govern_v by_o corrector_n which_o be_v inferior_a to_o they_o of_o consular_a dignity_n because_o they_o use_v not_o their_o ornament_n yet_o they_o command_v over_o the_o soldier_n and_o wear_v a_o sword_n and_o military_a habit_n 112._o maxima_fw-la cesariensis_n valentia_n consular_a province_n see_v these_o explain_v in_o the_o note_n upon_o the_o history_n in_o valentinian_n and_o also_o these_o three_o presidial_a province_n britan._n 112._o which_o the_o proconsul_n do_v not_o maxima_fw-la caesariensis_n and_o valentia_n be_v consular_a province_n in_o britain_n and_o govern_v by_o by_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o consul_n before_o constantin_n the_o ordinarii_fw-la and_o suffecti_fw-la who_o the_o roman_n date_v their_o record_n although_o they_o continue_v not_o a_o whole_a year_n in_o that_o office_n consulars_n who_o the_o ordinary_a be_v the_o usual_a annual_a consul_n or_o be_v such_o as_o begin_v their_o consulship_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n or_o on_o the_o first_o of_o january_n whence_o the_o other_o be_v substitute_v consul_n these_o last_o constantin_n call_v consulares_fw-la or_o honorary_a consul_n from_o the_o consulary_a ornament_n they_o have_v which_o be_v institute_v by_o julius_n caesar_n sueton._n in_o julio_n c._n 76._o such_o also_o be_v call_v consulares_fw-la that_o have_v bear_v the_o office_n of_o ordinary_a consul_n but_o these_o be_v not_o of_o that_o number_n consular_o the_o less_o or_o small_a province_n be_v subject_a to_o precedent_n by_o such_o be_v rule_v britannia_fw-la prima_fw-la secunda_fw-la &_o flavia_n caesariensis_n for_o what_o reason_n in_o those_o time_n the_o three_o last_o province_n be_v account_v the_o least_o and_o worst_a and_o the_o two_o former_a the_o great_a and_o better_a i_o know_v not_o camden_n say_v the_o empire_n decline_v those_o province_n have_v only_o consular_a magistrate_n which_o lie_v next_o the_o enemy_n such_o be_v maxima_fw-la caesariensis_n and_o valentia_n in_o britain_n whatsoever_o the_o first_o institution_n be_v of_o these_o dignity_n and_o imperial_a command_n yet_o what_o distinct_a jurisdiction_n and_o power_n belong_v to_o they_o i_o find_v not_o sufficient_o clear_v by_o any_o author_n i_o have_v see_v especial_o since_o the_o time_n of_o constantin_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o aera_fw-la of_o the_o decline_a empire_n be_v right_o fix_v i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v the_o same_o government_n power_n and_o jurisdiction_n or_o very_o little_a different_a may_v be_v use_v and_o exercise_v by_o person_n of_o various_a and_o different_a title_n they_o all_o have_v the_o same_o 6._o see_v alciatâ—_n breviary_n in_o his_o second_o tome_n 482_o 483_o 485._o and_o panciroll_v in_o utramque_fw-la notitiam_fw-la and_o upon_o the_o several_a magistrate_n lib._n 2.64.688_o digest_v lib._n 8_o tit._n 6._o or_o not_o much_o different_a office_n and_o court_n of_o state_n with_o almost_o the_o same_o officer_n attendant_a upon_o they_o yet_o so_o as_o they_o be_v distinguish_v by_o their_o several_a ensign_n habit_n symbol_n and_o other_o discrimination_n of_o mere_a state_n and_o honour_n according_a to_o the_o first_o institution_n this_o conjecture_n want_v not_o some_o authority_n to_o confirm_v it_o zosimus_n report_v that_o the_o vice-pretor_n be_v call_v duke_n and_o virius_n lupus_n propretor_n or_o lieutenant_n be_v call_v precedent_n by_o ulpian_n panciroll_n say_v those_o which_o govern_v small_a province_n by_o special_a appellation_n be_v call_v precedent_n 99_o not._n imp_n or_o c._n 99_o yet_o all_o proconsul_n and_o governors_n of_o province_n be_v contain_v under_o the_o general_n name_n of_o precedent_n and_o they_o agree_v in_o very_a many_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o name_n according_a to_o the_o general_n opinion_n the_o civil_a government_n of_o britain_n after_o the_o time_n of_o constantin_n be_v commit_v to_o a_o vicar_n or_o deputy_n of_o the_o praetorian_a perfect_a of_o gallia_n under_o who_o direction_n or_o disposition_n be_v the_o two_o consular_o 482._o alciat_fw-la tome_n 2d_o 482._o and_o three_o precedent_n before_o mention_v in_o his_o office_n or_o court_n of_o state_n he_o have_v these_o officer_n etc._n the_o officer_n of_o the_o vicarâ—_n court_n ibid._n princeps_fw-la etc._n etc._n principem_fw-la de_fw-la schola_fw-la agentium_fw-la in_o rebus_fw-la ex_fw-la ex_fw-la a_o decree_n or_o order_n of_o mâ—n_z in_o this_o body_n so_o call_v from_o the_o ducenarii_fw-la in_o a_o cohort_n which_o command_v two_o hundred_o man_n see_v panciroll_n not._n imp._n or_o c._n 64._o and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v note_v that_o the_o officer_n in_o the_o court_n of_o magistrate_n have_v the_o resemblance_n of_o officer_n in_o military_a cohort_n ducenarii_fw-la ibid._n c._n 20._o ducenarii_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o their_o name_n and_o be_v raiâ—ed_v by_o degree_n to_o honour_n as_o in_o that_o the_o name_n of_o military_a be_v transfer_v to_o civil_a officer_n whence_o the_o magistrate_n office_n have_v the_o name_n of_o cohort_n or_o court_n which_o we_o at_o this_o day_n retain_v ducenariis_fw-la the_o chief_a or_o principal_a of_o this_o court_n who_o give_v direction_n to_o the_o other_o officer_n be_v of_o the_o society_n or_o corporation_n of_o the_o emperor_n emissary_n 64._o panciroll_fw-fr not._n oâ—_n c._n 64._o spy_n and_o pursuivant_n and_o superintendent_o of_o the_o the_o be_v alciat_fw-la tom._n 2._o â—35_n post_v horse_n keep_v at_o the_o
controversy_n about_o investiture_n inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la &_o sacerdotium_fw-la between_o the_o secular_a and_o ecclesiastic_a government_n or_o between_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o four_o and_o pope_n hildebrand_n otherwise_o gregory_n the_o seven_o and_o pope_n paschal_n the_o second_o let_v he_o see_v william_n of_o malmsbury_n who_o live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n f._n 60._o b._n n._n 10._o f._n 61._o a._n n._n 30_o etc._n etc._n f._n 93._o b._n n._n 40._o f._n 94_o a._n b._n etc._n etc._n and_o juret_n observation_n upon_o ivo_n carnotensis_n his_o epistle_n print_v at_o paris_n 1610._o p._n 740._o upon_o the_o 233d_o epistle_n and_o p._n 744._o upon_o the_o 236th_o epistle_n the_o decree_n and_o canon_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o pope_n provision_n and_o donation_n of_o bishopric_n and_o ecclesiastic_a live_n afterward_o in_o all_o nation_n but_o especial_o this_o libertas_n ecclesiastica_fw-la the_o right_n of_o investiture_n be_v a_o main_a part_n of_o that_o which_o the_o clergy_n call_v church-liberty_n but_o by_o it_o they_o understand_v and_o contend_v for_o a_o freedom_n of_o their_o person_n possession_n and_o good_n from_o all_o secular_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o canon_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n hold_v by_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n at_o merton_n a._n d._n 1258._o and_o confirm_v by_o another_o hold_v at_o london_n a._n d._n 1260_o or_o 1261._o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o church_n story_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o servi_n do_v every_o where_o occur_v in_o domesday_n book_n and_o no_o doubt_n but_o their_o condition_n be_v worse_a than_o that_o of_o the_o bordarii_n see_v the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o saxon_a history_n f._n 82._o b._n and_o f._n 83._o and_o the_o life_n of_o william_n the_o first_o f._n 206._o f._n these_o be_v of_o four_o sort_n such_o as_o sell_v themselves_o for_o a_o livelihood_n debtor_n that_o can_v not_o pay_v their_o debt_n captive_n in_o war_n or_o nativi_fw-la such_o as_o be_v bear_v servant_n or_o slave_n they_o wrought_v at_o any_o time_n and_o do_v what_o their_o lord_n command_v they_o their_o person_n child_n and_o good_n be_v the_o lord_n they_o can_v not_o marry_v but_o with_o those_o of_o equal_a condition_n they_o can_v not_o make_v their_o will_n or_o dispose_v of_o their_o good_n if_o they_o have_v any_o whatever_o they_o get_v by_o labour_n be_v the_o the_o lord_n these_o servi_n perhaps_o be_v the_o same_o which_o in_o the_o ancient_n survey_v of_o manner_n be_v afterward_o call_v operarii_fw-la who_o perform_v all_o servile_a and_o incertain_a work_n in_o the_o history_n of_o ely_n p._n 210_o b._n in_o a_o account_n of_o land_n and_o man_n detain_v from_o that_o monastery_n which_o belong_v to_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v this_o note_a among_o the_o rest_n willielmus_fw-la filius_fw-la gorham_n tenet_fw-la lxxxvi_o homines_fw-la in_o meltuna_fw-la qui_fw-la ita_fw-la proprie_fw-la sunt_fw-la abbati_n ut_fw-la quotiescunque_fw-la praeceperit_fw-la praepositus_fw-la monasterii_fw-la debeut_fw-fr arare_fw-la seminare_fw-la segetes_fw-la purgare_fw-la colligere_fw-la vel_fw-la terere_fw-la equosque_fw-la invenire_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la necessitate_v monasterii_fw-la ire_n &_o omnem_fw-la rei_fw-la emendationem_fw-la persolvere_fw-la &_o si_fw-la quid_fw-la de_fw-fr svo_fw-la voluerint_fw-la venundare_fw-la à _fw-la praeposito_fw-la licentiam_fw-la prius_fw-la debent_fw-la accipere_fw-la these_o be_v either_o servi_n servant_n or_o the_o low_a sort_n of_o bordarii_n or_o socmani_n i_o take_v the_o person_n of_o servant_n to_o have_v be_v always_o obnoxious_a to_o servitude_n soca_fw-mi socmanni_n socagium_fw-la soca_fw-mi soc._n general_o signify_v liberty_n or_o privilege_n fleta_n lib._n 1._o c._n 47._o say_v soca_fw-la significat_fw-la libertatem_fw-la curiae_fw-la tenentium_fw-la quam_fw-la socam_fw-la appellamus_fw-la soak_v signify_v the_o liberty_n of_o tenant_n of_o a_o court_n and_o it_o differ_v from_o saca_n because_o that_o be_v a_o liberty_n give_v to_o any_o one_o of_o hold_v plea_n and_o try_v cause_n and_o also_o of_o receive_v the_o mulct_n and_o forfeiture_n come_v from_o they_o within_o his_o soak_v or_o jurisdiction_n and_o come_v from_o the_o saxon_a face_n or_o german_a sack_n a_o cause_n controversy_n or_o accusation_n sometime_o it_o signify_v a_o territory_n or_o precinct_n in_o which_o saca_n or_o liberty_n of_o court_n or_o trial_n be_v exercise_v sometime_o it_o signify_v a_o payment_n westfelda_n etc._n etc._n huic_fw-la manerio_fw-la adjacent_a t._n r._n e._n thirty_o acr_n terrae_fw-la quas_fw-la tenebat_fw-la presbyter_n in_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la &_o reddebat_fw-la socham_n i.e._n he_o pay_v rend_v little_a domesday_n book_n f._n 4._o a._n writelan_n etc._n etc._n ibi_fw-la dimid_n hid._n libere_fw-la tenet_fw-la 1_o sochman_n reddens_fw-la socam_fw-la in_o manerio_fw-la ibid._n f._n 5._o a._n wirecestrescire_a terra_fw-la episcopi_fw-la hund._n owldestan_n episcopus_fw-la habet_fw-la omnes_fw-la redditiones_n socharum_fw-la etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la manerium_fw-la alvertune_n pertinet_fw-la soca_fw-la harum_fw-la terrarum_fw-la newhuse_v westhuse_n mannebi_n werlegesbi_n and_o nineteen_o other_o farm_n berwite_n or_o small_a village_n and_o then_o it_o follow_v inter_fw-la totum_fw-la sunt_fw-la ad_fw-la geldum_fw-la quater_fw-la viginti_fw-la &_o quinque_fw-la carucat_fw-la quas_fw-la possunt_fw-la arare_fw-la xlv_o caruc_fw-la ibi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la 116._o sochmani_fw-la modo_fw-la wastum_fw-la est_fw-la the_o soak_v of_o these_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o alvertun_n etc._n etc._n in_o they_o all_o there_o be_v fourscore_o and_o five_o carucate_n which_o pay_v rend_v which_o forty_o five_o plough_n may_v till_o there_o be_v one_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o socmans_n now_o the_o manner_n be_v waste_v great_a domesday_n f._n 299._o a._n col._n here_o soca_n signify_v a_o rent_n for_o use_v their_o land_n with_o some_o privilege_n or_o liberty_n in_o the_o description_n of_o many_o town_n at_o the_o late_a end_n rex_fw-la &_o comes_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la habent_fw-la socam_fw-la or_o soca_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o comitis_fw-la the_o king_n have_v two_o part_n and_o the_o earl_n one_o of_o the_o annual_a rent_n for_o liberty_n of_o use_v the_o land_n sudfulc_n f._n 322._o b._n in_o limberge_n clamat_fw-la ivo_n tallebosc_n super_fw-la regem_fw-la vi_fw-la bovat_n terre_fw-fr dicunt_fw-la homines_fw-la comitatus_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la debet_fw-la habere_fw-la terram_fw-la &_o rex_fw-la socam_fw-la in_o limberge_n ivo_n tallebosc_n claim_v upon_o the_o king_n six_o bovate_v of_o land_n the_o man_n of_o the_o county_n say_v he_o ought_v to_o have_v the_o land_n and_o the_o king_n the_o soak_v book_n soak_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o great_a domesday_n book_n clamores_fw-la in_o nortrede_n lincoliae_n super_fw-la drogonem_fw-la clamat_fw-la norman_n de_fw-fr adreci_fw-fr tres_fw-fr bovatas_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o normanbi_fw-la dicit_fw-la wapentachium_n quod_fw-la ipsius_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la terra_fw-la &_o drogonis_fw-la soca_fw-la ibid._n in_o westtredinge_v in_o both_o these_o place_n here_o be_v the_o land_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o land_n that_o it_o may_v be_v use_v without_o too_o strict_a imposition_n and_o hard_a service_n upon_o it_o and_o for_o this_o protection_n of_o it_o there_o be_v a_o annual_a rent_n pay_v which_o be_v call_v the_o soak_v in_o ristuna_fw-la three_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la vi_fw-la acr_n val_n xuj_o d._n in_o his_o non_fw-la habuit_fw-la baignardus_n nisi_fw-la commendationem_fw-la &_o sanctus_n benedictus_fw-la socam_fw-la invasiones_n in_o nordfulc_n rogerus_fw-la bigot_n tenet_fw-la in_o plicham_n x_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la lxxx_o acr_n etc._n etc._n the_o his_o habuit_fw-la suus_fw-la antecessor_n commendationem_fw-la tantum_fw-la &_o stigandus_fw-la super_fw-la unum_fw-la socam_fw-la &_o commendationem_fw-la &_o super_fw-la alios_fw-la socam_fw-la ibid._n hund._n &_o dimid_n de_fw-fr fredebruge_n in_o grestuna_fw-la four_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la xxvi_o acr_n quod_fw-la tenet_fw-la idem_fw-la rogerus_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o val_n four_o sol._n &_o in_o hoc_fw-la non_fw-la habuit_fw-la antecessor_n rogeri_n nisi_fw-la commendationem_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o comes_fw-la socam_fw-la ibid._n hundred_o de_fw-la wanelunt_fw-la in_o dersincham_n 1_o lib._n homo_fw-la twelve_o acr_n val_n twelve_o d._n hoc_fw-la tenet_fw-la petrus_n valoniensis_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la habuit_fw-la suus_fw-la antecessor_n commendationem_fw-la tantum_fw-la &_o stigandus_fw-la socam_fw-la ibid._n here_o i_o confess_v i_o be_o in_o the_o dark_a for_o it_o be_v clear_a commendation_n and_o soak_v be_v then_o different_a thing_n refer_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o yet_o they_o both_o signify_v privilege_n and_o protection_n for_o which_o those_o that_o receive_v they_o pay_v a_o annual_a stipend_n or_o rent_n stanford_n burgum_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o his_o custodiis_fw-la etc._n etc._n sunt_fw-la lxxvii_o mansiones_fw-la sochemanor_n qui_fw-la habent_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la petunt_fw-la dominos_fw-la ubi_fw-la volunt_fw-la super_fw-la quos_fw-la rex_fw-la nihil_fw-la habet_fw-la nisi_fw-la emendationem_fw-la forisfacturae_fw-la eorum_fw-la et_fw-la heriet_fw-la et_fw-la theloneum_fw-la
the_o great_a esteem_v the_o common-law_n of_o germany_n and_o in_o many_o matter_n be_v esteem_v the_o commune_fw-la law_n of_o germany_n as_o be_v clear_a in_o lib._n 2._o leg_n longobard_fw-mi tit._n 56._o romani_fw-la successiones_fw-la juxta_fw-la illorum_fw-la legem_fw-la habeant_fw-la similiter_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la scriptiones_fw-la secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la svam_fw-la faciant_fw-la &_o quando_fw-la jurant_fw-la juxta_fw-la legem_fw-la svam_fw-la jurent_fw-la et_fw-la alii_fw-la similiter_fw-la faciant_fw-la et_fw-la quando_fw-la componunt_fw-la juxta_fw-la legem_fw-la ipsius_fw-la cujus_fw-la malum_fw-la fecerint_fw-la componant_fw-la &_o longobardo_n illos_fw-la convenit_fw-la similiter_fw-la componere_fw-la de_fw-fr caeteris_fw-la vero_fw-la causis_fw-la communi_fw-la lege_fw-la vivre_fw-fr quam_fw-la dominus_fw-la carolus_n excellentissimus_fw-la rex_fw-la franconum_fw-la atque_fw-la longobardorum_fw-la in_o edictum_fw-la adjunxit_fw-la that_o be_v the_o roman_n may_v have_v their_o succession_n in_o good_n or_o estate_n according_a to_o their_o law_n and_o likewise_o may_v make_v all_o their_o write_n or_o chart_n according_a to_o their_o law_n and_o when_o they_o swear_v or_o make_v oath_n of_o any_o thing_n they_o may_v swear_v according_a to_o their_o law_n and_o other_o nation_n or_o people_n may_v do_v the_o like_a and_o when_o they_o compound_v for_o any_o fault_n or_o injury_n do_v by_o they_o they_o may_v compound_v pay_v the_o mulct_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o he_o people_n of_o many_o nation_n live_v at_o this_o time_n promiscuous_o together_o unto_o who_o they_o shall_v do_v injury_n concern_v other_o cause_n they_o may_v live_v according_a to_o the_o commune_fw-la law_n which_o charles_n the_o most_o excellent_a king_n of_o the_o franc_n and_o longobard_n unite_v into_o a_o edict_n above_o this_o law_n stand_v carolus_n imperator_n as_o make_v by_o he_o which_o be_v charles_n the_o gross_a great_a grandchild_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n 877._o antiq._n alaman_n tom._n 2._o part._n 1._o fol._n 4._o own_o the_o german_n will_v not_o admit_v the_o roman-law_n or_o any_o other_o but_o their_o own_o whatever_o these_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v to_o other_o yet_o they_o so_o esteem_v they_o as_o they_o will_v admit_v no_o other_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n in_o their_o judgement_n or_o decision_n of_o controversy_n yet_o permit_v man_n to_o read_v they_o for_o equity_n sake_n and_o to_o better_v their_o understanding_n though_o they_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o their_o court_n and_o convention_n for_o this_o reason_n that_o though_o they_o entertain_v very_o many_o eloquent_a sentence_n and_o constitution_n yet_o they_o abound_v in_o difficulty_n and_o for_o that_o a_o plain_a order_n of_o word_n be_v sufficient_a and_o most_o fit_a for_o the_o do_v of_o justice_n therefore_o they_o will_v not_o be_v vex_v with_o the_o roman_a law_n or_o any_o foreign_a institution_n leg._n wisigoth_n lib._n 2._o tit._n 1._o leg._n 9_o 10._o capit._fw-la caroli_n &_o ludou._n lib._n 6._o tit._n 269._o thus_o have_v show_v the_o origin_n or_o time_n when_o our_o saxon_a and_o the_o german_a law_n begin_v to_o be_v write_v let_v we_o proceed_v to_o see_v what_o agreement_n and_o likeness_n there_o be_v between_o they_o i_o shall_v be_v troublesome_a to_o the_o reader_n to_o no_o purpose_n shall_v i_o here_o insert_v all_o the_o law_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o germane_a that_o be_v like_o one_o another_o or_o the_o very_a same_o for_o substance_n and_o matter_n though_o the_o mulct_n or_o penalty_n may_v be_v great_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o legislator_n and_o the_o exigency_n of_o different_a case_n the_o matter_n law_n our_o saxon-law_n be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o old_a german_a law_n and_o in_o most_o of_o they_o the_o manner_n be_v the_o same_o although_o different_a in_o some_o circumstance_n and_o there_o be_v not_o one_o law_n publish_v by_o lambard_n but_o either_o its_o self_n or_o the_o matter_n and_o substance_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v over_o and_o over_o again_o in_o the_o german_a law_n same_o the_o english_a and_o german_a law_n for_o murder_n the_o same_o their_o law_n for_o punish_a manslaughter_n and_o murder_n by_o pecuniary_a mulct_n be_v alike_o only_o different_a in_o the_o sum_n or_o penalty_n impose_v ll._n inae_fw-la c._n 33._o alured_n c._n 26._o edmund_n c._n 3._o ethelred_n in_o faeder_n cum_fw-la antavo_fw-la c._n 5._o senatus_n consult_v de_fw-fr montic_n walliae_fw-la c._n 5._o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o german_a law_n as_o ll._n fris_n tit._n 1.17_o and_o 20._o saxon_n tit._n 2._o ripuar_n c._n 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13_o 14_o 16_o 36._o boioar._n tit._n 18._o c._n 2._o alaman_fw-mi tit._n 49.76_o salique_a tit._n 61._o anglor_n tit._n 1._o c._n 9_o and_o as_o by_o some_o of_o our_o saxon_a law_n kill_v a_o man_n be_v death_n praefat._n in_o leg._n alured_n c._n 13._o so_o be_v it_o by_o the_o german_a law_n capit._n car._n lib._n 6._o tit._n 5.39_o ibid._n lib._n 7._o tit._n 183._o banishment_n for_o manslaughter_n ll._n canut_n c._n 6._o capit._fw-la car._n lib._n 4._o tit._n 20._o in_o some_o of_o these_o forecited_a german-law_n man-killing_a be_v call_v mordritum_n in_o other_o mordrido_n or_o mortando_n conquest_n mordrum_n use_v in_o the_o german_a law_n not_o find_v in_o we_o till_o after_o the_o conquest_n but_o in_o the_o german-saxon_a law_n tit._n 2._o §_o 6._o it_o be_v call_v mordrum_n which_o word_n nor_o any_o thing_n like_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o our_o english_a saxon_n law_n though_o it_o occur_v often_o in_o william_n the_o conqueror_n law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o the_o word_n be_v from_o the_o german_a ermorden_n or_o morden_n to_o kill_v a_o man_n base_o and_o privy_o as_o thief_n use_v to_o do_v herman_n comit._n nuenarii_n exposit_n verb._n ante_fw-la egginhart_n ll._n christin_n tit._n 20._o §_o 2._o siquis_fw-la hominem_fw-la occiderit_fw-la &_o absconderit_fw-la quod_fw-la mordritum_fw-la vocant_fw-la the_o mulct_n common_o for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n be_v his_o wergild_n that_o be_v the_o value_n of_o his_o head_n or_o life_n out_o of_o which_o slay_v the_o mulct_n for_o murder_n common_o the_o wergild_a or_o value_n of_o he_o that_o be_v slay_v if_o he_o be_v a_o servant_n his_o master_n or_o patron_n have_v a_o part_n or_o compensation_n for_o his_o loss_n which_o be_v call_v manbote_n ll._n inae_fw-la c._n 69._o ll._n fris_n tit._n 1._o §_o 3.6_o 9_o 10._o and_o for_o this_o purpose_n the_o weregilds_n of_o almost_o every_o person_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a be_v settle_v and_o name_v in_o both_o the_o english-saxon_a and_o german_a law_n ll._n ethelstani_fw-la towards_o the_o end_n capit._fw-la car._n lib._n 3._o c._n 25._o qui_fw-la subdiaconum_fw-la occiderit_fw-la 300_o solid_a componat_fw-la qui_fw-la diaconum_fw-la 400_o qui_fw-la presbyterum_fw-la 600_o england_n the_o weregilds_n or_o value_n of_o the_o life_n of_o every_o person_n set_v in_o germany_n as_o well_o as_o england_n qui_fw-la episcopum_fw-la 900_o qui_fw-la monachus_fw-la 400_o ll._n ripuar_n tit._n 36._o §_o 11._o boioar._n tit._n 2._o c._n 20._o §_o 4._o where_o the_o weregild_n of_o a_o duke_n be_v 9060_o shilling_n ll._n fris_n tit._n 15._o where_o the_o wergild_v of_o a_o nobleman_n freeman_n countryman_n and_o slave_n or_o servant_n be_v all_o particular_o mention_v and_o as_o among_o the_o english-saxons_a half_a or_o part_n of_o the_o be_v be_v give_v to_o the_o parent_n or_o relation_n of_o the_o slay_a person_n ll._n inae_fw-la c._n 20_o 23._o so_o among_o the_o german_n ll._n longobard_fw-mi lib._n 1._o tit._n 9_o §_o 2._o fris_n tit._n 1._o as_o above_o next_o after_o the_o law_n of_o homicide_n and_o murder_n we_o may_v show_v the_o agreement_n of_o the_o english_a and_o german_a law_n in_o punish_v theft_n injury_n trespass_n striking_n maim_v or_o maihen_v wound_v bloodshed_n dismember_a etc._n etc._n theft_n punish_v by_o mulct_n in_o the_o english_a saxon_a law_n punish_v theft_n how_o punish_v ll._n inae_fw-la c._n 7_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 21._o senatus_n consult_v de_fw-fr montic_n wall_n c._n 4._o ll._n canut_n c._n 59.6_o it_o be_v also_o penal_a by_o the_o german-law_n ll._n boioar._n tit._n 8._o ripuar_n tit._n 7.18_o fris._n tit._n 3._o angl._n tit._n 7._o longobard_fw-mi lib._n 1._o tit._n 25._o yet_o by_o the_o german_a saxon_a law_n it_o be_v death_n to_o steal_v a_o horse_n or_o any_o thing_n by_o night_n or_o by_o day_n to_o the_o value_n of_o three_o shilling_n tit._n 4._o slander_n defamation_n miscal_v punish_v by_o mulct_n punish_v slander_n and_o defamation_n how_o punish_v bloodshed_n strike_v and_o fight_v etc._n etc._n how_o punish_v trespass_n how_o punish_v ll._n sal._n tit._n 32._o per_fw-la totum_fw-la for_o bloodshed_n strike_v maym_v wound_v dismember_a etc._n etc._n see_v ll._n alured_n c._n
or_o à _fw-fr negative_a or_o privative_a and_o dalinea_n which_o signify_v distinction_n or_o difference_n that_o be_v without_o distinction_n or_o difference_n and_o import_v a_o just_a impartial_a judgement_n it_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n by_o fire_n or_o water_n by_o fire_n when_o the_o person_n accuse_v carry_v in_o his_o bare-hand_n a_o red-hot_a iron_n some_o few_o step_n which_o if_o it_o weigh_v but_o one_o pound_n be_v call_v single_a ordal_n if_o three_o pound_n treble_a ordal_n or_o when_o he_o walk_v barefoot_a and_o blindfold_o over_o and_o between_o certain_a red-hot_a ploughshare_n place_v at_o a_o certain_a distance_n if_o in_o do_v this_o the_o party_n be_v burn_v he_o be_v pronounce_v guilty_a if_o not_o he_o be_v account_v innocent_a water_n ordal_n be_v either_o when_o they_o cast_v the_o accuse_v into_o water_n what._n water_n ordeal_o what._n and_o if_o they_o do_v swim_v be_v judge_v guilty_a if_o they_o sink_v innocent_a or_o their_o hand_n and_o arm_n be_v put_v sometime_o up_o to_o the_o wrist_n sometime_o up_o to_o the_o elbow_n in_o boil_a hot_a water_n if_o they_o be_v scalt_v they_o be_v esteem_v guilty_a if_o not_o innocent_a trial_n innocent_a ll._n longob_n lib._n 1._o tit._n 9_o c._n 39_o glanv_n lib._n 14._o c._n 1._o in_o fine_a the_o form_n exorcism_n etc._n etc._n use_v in_o these_o trial_n the_o noble_a and_o freemen_n be_v try_v by_o fire_n ordal_n the_o peasant_n and_o servant_n by_o water_n ordal_n the_o form_n exorcism_n conjuration_n office_n litany_n lesson_n gospel_n and_o celebration_n of_o the_o communion_n use_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o ordal_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o marculphs_n formulae_fw-la where_o they_o be_v the_o most_o exact_a and_o ample_a i_o have_v see_v also_o some_o part_n of_o they_o in_o aethelstanes_n law_n spelman_n glossary_a fol._n 436._o and_o origin_n jurid_a fol._n 86._o the_o judgement_n or_o trial_n by_o cold-water_n perjury_n cold-water_n marcul_n form_n 1301._o institute_v to_o prevent_v perjury_n marculph_n report_n be_v institute_v instead_o of_o swear_v at_o the_o request_n of_o lud._n pius_n by_o pope_n eugenius_n the_o second_o who_o obtain_v the_o papacy_n anno_fw-la dom._n 824._o and_o be_v pope_n only_o three_o year_n command_v all_o bishop_n earls_z abbot_n and_o all_o christian_a peopleâ—ithin_n â—ithin_z his_o empire_n to_o defend_v the_o innocent_a and_o examine_v the_o nocent_a by_o it_o lest_o be_v perjure_v upon_o the_o relic_n of_o saint_n they_o shall_v destroy_v their_o soul_n see_v more_o in_o olaus_n wormius_n monument_n dan._n lib._n 1._o c._n 11._o de_fw-fr ordalia_n ordeal_o ordeal_o this_o way_n of_o purgation_n or_o clear_v of_o themselves_o from_o crime_n debt_n nay_o some_o time_n heir_n swear_v themselves_o aewe_v themselves_o ll._n alaman_n tit._n 2._o §._o 2._o how_o and_o how_o many_o swear_v ancient_o ewa_n from_o the_o saxon_a word_n aew_v or_o aewe_v jus_n or_o lex_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o ina_n law_n in_o lambard_n see_v summoner_n sax._n dict._n in_o the_o word_n aewe_v into_o estate_n when_o the_o chart_n of_o donation_n be_v lose_v or_o burn_v be_v very_o frequent_o mention_v in_o all_o the_o german-law_n thus_o express_v tertiâ_fw-la quintâ_fw-la sextâ_fw-la duodecimâ_fw-la manu_fw-la etc._n etc._n jurare_fw-la and_o in_o the_o alaman_fw-mi law_n tit._n 6._o be_v the_o juratoribus_fw-la quales_fw-la &_o quantos_fw-la secundum_fw-la ewa_fw-mi homo_fw-la habere_fw-la debet_fw-la of_o what_o condition_n and_o how_o many_o sacramentale_n sive_fw-la conjuratores_fw-la fellow-swearer_n according_a to_o the_o law_n a_o man_n ought_v to_o have_v the_o number_n of_o which_o always_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o crime_n or_o matter_n object_v after_o several_a case_n note_v wherein_o the_o accuse_a person_n be_v to_o swear_v cum_fw-la uno_fw-la sacramentali_fw-la one_o only_a to_o swear_v with_o he_o or_o tertiâ_fw-la vel_fw-la sextâ_fw-la manu_fw-la or_o with_o three_o or_o six_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o swear_v be_v prescribe_v ibid._n §._o 7._o ista_fw-la sacramenta_fw-la debent_fw-la esse_fw-la jurata_fw-la refer_v to_o the_o case_n beforementioned_a ut_fw-la illi_fw-la conjuratores_fw-la manus_fw-la svas_fw-la super_fw-la capsam_fw-la ponant_fw-la &_o ille_fw-la solus_fw-la cvi_fw-la causa_fw-la requiritur_fw-la tantum_fw-la dicat_fw-la &_o super_fw-la omnium_fw-la manus_fw-la manum_fw-la svam_fw-la ponat_fw-la ut_fw-la sic_fw-la illi_fw-la deus_fw-la adjuvet_fw-la vel_fw-la illa_fw-la reliquiae_fw-la ad_fw-la illas_fw-la manus_fw-la quas_fw-la comprehensas_fw-la habet_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la illâ_fw-la causâ_fw-la unde_fw-la interpellatus_fw-la est_fw-la culpabilis_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la that_o be_v those_o oath_n refer_v to_o the_o case_n beforementioned_a ought_v to_o be_v so_o swear_v that_o the_o fellow-swearer_n may_v put_v their_o hand_n upon_o the_o case_n of_o the_o relic_n and_o he_o alone_o that_o prosecute_v shall_v say_v the_o word_n and_o shall_v put_v his_o hand_n upon_o all_o their_o hand_n that_o so_o god_n may_v help_v he_o or_o those_o relic_n to_o which_o he_o hold_v their_o hand_n as_o he_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o that_o cause_n for_o which_o he_o be_v prosecute_v some_o shadow_n of_o this_o practice_n we_o have_v yet_o in_o our_o nation_n in_o wager_n of_o law_n in_o action_n of_o debt_n without_o specialty_n where_o the_o proof_n be_v not_o clear_a on_o the_o plaintiff_n side_n the_o defendant_n be_v admit_v to_o wage_v his_o law_n that_o be_v law_n be_v nomothet_n verb._n law_n to_o take_v his_o own_o oath_n that_o he_o owe_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o to_o bring_v as_o many_o credible_a person_n as_o the_o court_n shall_v assign_v to_o make_v oath_n that_o they_o believe_v he_o swear_v true_a oath_n and_o and_o battle_n or_o duel_n call_v wehadine_n by_o the_o boioarians_n decret_n tassilon_n §._o 10._o ll._n boioar._n tit._n the_o leg_n populari_fw-la §._o 5_o 6._o &_o camfroic_a decret_n tassilon_n §._o 6._o he_o that_o have_v his_o land_n take_v from_o he_o by_o another_o may_v prove_v it_o to_o be_v his_o by_o due_a witness_n but_o if_o the_o invader_n or_o occupy_a contradict_v that_o proof_n battle_n judgement_n by_o battle_n it_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o battle_n campo_fw-it adjudicetur_fw-la ll._n saxonum_n c._n 15._o siquis_fw-la adalingum_n occiderit_fw-la 600_o solid_n componat_fw-la si_fw-la negaverit_fw-la cum_fw-la 12_o juret_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o campum_fw-la exeat_fw-la ll._n angl._n &_o werin_n tit._n 1._o §._o 1_o 3._o that_o be_v if_o any_o one_o kill_v a_o noble_a man_n he_o shall_v pay_v 600_o shilling_n if_o he_o deny_v it_o he_o shall_v clear_v himself_o by_o 12_o compurgator_n or_o go_v into_o the_o field_n id_fw-la est_fw-la try_v it_o by_o battle_n si_fw-la mulier_fw-la maritum_fw-la veneficio_fw-la dicatur_fw-la occidisse_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o it_o be_v say_v a_o woman_n poison_v her_o husband_n her_o next_o relation_n may_v right_v she_o by_o battle_n but_o if_o she_o have_v no_o champion_n let_v she_o be_v try_v by_o nine_o red-hot_a ploughshare_n ibid._n tit._n 14._o all_o case_n of_o theft_n and_o wound_v which_o deserve_v a_o mulct_n of_o 2_o shilling_n and_o upward_o to_o the_o high_a mulct_n or_o composition_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o battle_n if_o the_o fact_n be_v deny_v ibid._n tit._n 15._o this_o way_n of_o judgement_n by_o battle_n be_v so_o prevalent_a and_o frequent_a among_o the_o lombard_n in_o italy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n rotharis_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n about_o the_o year_n 640_o according_a to_o helvicus_n that_o although_o as_o he_o say_v they_o be_v uncertain_a concern_v the_o judgement_n of_o god_n and_o that_o they_o have_v hear_v many_o have_v by_o duel_n or_o battle_n lose_v their_o cause_n without_o reason_n yet_o such_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o his_o nation_n the_o lombard_n and_o so_o pertinacious_a they_o be_v in_o it_o that_o he_o can_v not_o prohibit_v that_o wicked_a law_n ll._n long._n lib._n 1._o tit._n 9_o c._n 23._o more_o of_o this_o and_o the_o manner_n and_o circumstance_n of_o battle_n or_o duel_n see_v in_o ll._n alaman_n tit._n 84._o and_o in_o my_o preface_n to_o the_o norman_a history_n or_o in_o the_o word_n battle_n or_o duel_n in_o my_o glossary_n there_o be_v beside_o these_o another_o way_n of_o examination_n and_o find_v out_o gild_n and_o innocency_n eucharist_n trial_n by_o a_o decretory_a morsel_n or_o eucharist_n in_o some_o criminal_a cause_n mention_v by_o lambard_n in_o his_o glossary_n by_o a_o judicial_a or_o decretory_a morsel_n call_v by_o the_o saxon_n corsn_v which_o according_a to_o his_o interpretation_n signify_v execrate_v bread_n but_o mr._n verbo_fw-la mr._n glossary_a in_o verbo_fw-la somner_n better_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o same_o cor_n a_o curse_n and_o snaed_n or_o snid_v a_o snidan_n to_o cut_v so_o that_o it_o signify_v a_o execrated_a particle_n morsel_n or_o piece_v this_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o purgation_n of_o regular_n and_o secular_a priest_n who_o if_o accuse_v
liberty_n or_o freedom_n as_o whether_o he_o be_v a_o freeman_n or_o not_o or_o when_o the_o controversy_n be_v concern_v a_o inheritance_n in_o all_o other_o case_n the_o earl_n or_o come_v distrain_v they_o and_o the_o proceed_n be_v by_o distress_n by_o the_o word_n distringere_fw-la in_o the_o old_a german_a law_n be_v use_v as_o in_o we_o to_o force_v man_n to_o appear_v in_o court_n or_o give_v satisfaction_n by_o take_v a_o distress_n distringas_fw-la from_o the_o come_v after_o summons_n a_o method_n use_v this_o day_n in_o many_o if_o not_o all_o of_o our_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n in_o this_o nation_n and_o if_o after_o the_o second_o summons_n they_o appear_v not_o all_o their_o good_n be_v seize_v ll._n longob_n lib._n 2._o tit._n 43._o c._n 2.4_o ll._n boioar._n tit._n 6._o also_o qui_fw-la ad_fw-la mallum_n legibus_fw-la mannitus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la &_o non_fw-la venerit_fw-la si_fw-la eum_fw-la sunnis_fw-la contain_v sunnis_fw-la sunnis_n a_o impediment_n or_o excuse_n hence_o the_o barbarous_a latin_a exonia_n and_o the_o french_a essoin_fw-fr and_o from_o they_o it_o come_v into_o our_o law_n and_o in_o cast_v and_o plead_v essoin_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o our_o old_a law_n be_v contain_v non_fw-la detinuerit_fw-la sol_fw-la 15._o culpabilis_fw-la judicetur_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o any_o man_n according_a to_o law_n be_v summon_v to_o the_o mall_n and_o come_v not_o if_o he_o have_v no_o excuse_n or_o impediment_n he_o be_v punish_v fifteen_o shilling_n so_o the_o second_o and_o so_o the_o three_o time_n the_o four_o time_n he_o be_v in_o contempt_n and_o his_o possession_n be_v seize_v until_o he_o appear_v and_o give_v satisfaction_n in_o the_o matter_n for_o which_o he_o be_v summon_v and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o propriety_n of_o his_o own_o his_o fee_n if_o he_o have_v one_o be_v seize_v the_o first_o summons_n be_v upon_o a_o week_n notice_n the_o second_o a_o fourteenight_n the_o three_o three_o week_n and_o the_o four_o 42_o night_n or_o six_o week_n the_o summons_n be_v thus_o make_v he_o that_o summon_v another_o man_n go_v to_o his_o house_n with_o witness_n make_v how_o summons_n be_v make_v and_o summon_v he_o in_o his_o own_o person_n but_o if_o he_o find_v he_o not_o he_o give_v his_o wife_n notice_n or_o any_o of_o his_o family_n that_o they_o shall_v tell_v he_o he_o be_v summon_v which_o be_v sufficient_a ll._n salique_a tit._n 1._o §_o 3._o and_o in_o many_o other_o law_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o come_v make_v his_o summons_n by_o a_o writ_n or_o short_a writing_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o citation_n a_o form_n of_o which_o be_v extant_a in_o marculph_n formulae_fw-la n._n 116._o as_o to_o the_o english_a saxon_n mr._n lambard_n 65._o lambard_n arch._n p._n 64_o 65._o think_v their_o proceed_n in_o judgement_n be_v the_o plano_fw-la and_o without_o solemnity_n they_o use_v for_o aught_o he_o can_v observe_v not_o to_o call_v the_o party_n by_o writ_n or_o writing_n but_o send_v for_o they_o by_o certain_a messenger_n or_o minister_n such_o as_o we_o from_o the_o norman_n call_v sergeant_n from_o the_o latin_a serviens_fw-la a_o servant_n and_o if_o they_o do_v use_v any_o writ_n it_o be_v strange_a the_o form_n of_o some_o of_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v find_v in_o the_o leiger_n or_o book_n of_o some_o of_o our_o old_a monastery_n or_o in_o some_o of_o our_o old_a historian_n yet_o one_o there_o be_v in_o spelm._n gloss_n cite_v out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o ramsey_n in_o hardy-cnute's_a time_n about_o 1041._o a_o possessionary_a writ_n to_o the_o burgher_n of_o thetford_n by_o which_o he_o will_v and_o command_v that_o aethelstane_n abbot_n of_o ramesey_n shall_v have_v his_o house_n or_o farm_n in_o thetford_n in_o norfolk_n as_o full_o and_o free_o etc._n etc._n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o late_a date_n and_o make_v after_o the_o norman_a mode_n by_o the_o stile_n of_o it_o and_o put_v in_o here_o to_o secure_v the_o title_n though_o we_o have_v no_o clear_a example_n of_o the_o process_n and_o judgement_n here_o in_o the_o english_a saxon_a time_n yet_o we_o find_v some_o very_a ancient_a among_o the_o german_n by_o which_o we_o may_v receive_v some_o light_n perhaps_o how_o they_o proceed_v in_o this_o nation_n germany_n nation_n appendix_n the_o form_n of_o a_o judgement_n in_o old_a germany_n one_o hrothelm_n come_v to_o the_o public_a mall_n for_o the_o hear_n of_o all_o cause_n hold_v by_o humfrid_n earl_n of_o rhaetia_n in_o his_o court_n in_o the_o field_n the_o seven_o year_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a anno_fw-la dom._n 807._o or_o there_o about_o complain_v to_o the_o come_v and_o claim_v a_o house_n unjust_o withhold_v from_o he_o the_o earl_n call_v together_o the_o witness_n which_o be_v of_o the_o very_a country_n where_o the_o house_n be_v and_o charge_v they_o upon_o their_o oath_n that_o they_o shall_v speak_v the_o truth_n what_o they_o know_v in_o that_o cause_n and_o they_o say_v they_o know_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o house_n and_o the_o ground_n that_o one_o mado_n have_v border_v upon_o it_o and_o they_o set_v out_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o house_n and_o land_n what_o belong_v to_o hrothelm_v and_o what_o to_o mado_n than_o he_o command_v they_o to_o go_v upon_o the_o place_n and_o show_v the_o bound_n which_o they_o do_v and_o fix_v the_o bound_n between_o the_o two_o dwelling_n as_o they_o have_v say_v and_o the_o earl_n direct_v many_o noble_n there_o present_a to_o go_v with_o they_o this_o be_v do_v the_o come_v ask_v the_o scabin_n what_o they_o will_v judge_v in_o that_o cause_n and_o they_o say_v according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o those_o man_n and_o his_o inquisition_n and_o judgement_n be_v give_v according_o these_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o witness_n or_o juror_n valeriano_n burgolfo_n vrsone_n stefano_n majornio_n valerio_n leontio_n victore_fw-la maurestone_n frontiano_n florentio_n siptone_n valentiano_n quintello_n stradaris_n these_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o scabin_n flavino_n orcisino_n odmaro_n alexandro_n eusebio_n maurentio_n and_o very_o many_o other_o append_v n._n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5._o in_o append_v see_v the_o judgement_n its_o self_n in_o barbarous_a provincial_a latin_n and_o that_o these_o testes_fw-la be_v the_o same_o we_o call_v juror_n or_o juryman_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n of_o the_o longob_n lib._n 2._o tit._n 51._o de_fw-la testibus_fw-la the_o best_a person_n in_o every_o territory_n or_o city_n against_o which_o there_o be_v no_o crime_n be_v testes_fw-la and_o juror_n the_o same_o in_o pago_fw-la vel_fw-la civitate_fw-la what_o sort_n of_o man_n the_o testes_fw-la be_v to_o be_v be_v to_o be_v witness_n c._n 3._o the_o come_v or_o judge_n be_v to_o admit_v none_o of_o ill_a fame_n in_o their_o country_n to_o be_v witness_n c._n 7._o witness_n not_o to_o be_v of_o any_o other_o county_n nisi_fw-la de_fw-fr illo_fw-la comitatu_fw-la where_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n be_v because_o it_o be_v presume_v none_o can_v know_v better_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o a_o man_n whether_o free_a or_o a_o slave_n or_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o man_n better_a than_o their_o neighbour_n such_o as_o be_v near_a they_o c._n 11._o such_o freeman_n only_o as_o have_v a_o propriety_n of_o their_o own_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n and_o not_o tenant_n or_o such_o as_o reside_v upon_o their_o lord_n land_n and_o have_v no_o propriety_n of_o their_o own_o yet_o such_o may_v be_v conjurator_n of_o other_o freeman_n because_o they_o be_v freeman_n c._n 15._o capit._fw-la car._n &_o ludou._n lib._n 5._o c._n 150._o now_o let_v any_o man_n consider_v these_o qualification_n of_o their_o witness_n and_o he_o must_v think_v they_o the_o same_o with_o our_o ancient_a juror_n or_o juryman_n in_o england_n for_o witness_n in_o private_a cause_n between_o man_n and_o man_n can_v not_o be_v capable_a of_o these_o circumstance_n and_o that_o in_o all_o probability_n juror_n be_v use_v all_o old_a germany_n over_o before_o we_o have_v they_o here_o and_o also_o that_o the_o twelve_o thanes_z mention_v in_o king_n edgar_n law_n be_v scabin_n inferior_a judge_n and_o assessor_n with_o the_o alderman_n and_o not_o juror_n somewhat_o like_o our_o justice_n of_o peace_n at_o our_o assize_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o make_v the_o survey_n on_o doomesday-book_n the_o juror_n here_o be_v also_o call_v witness_n ll._n canut_n polit_fw-la c._n 76._o he_o that_o have_v defend_v or_o secure_v his_o land_n by_o the_o testimony_n or_o witness_n of_o the_o county_n be_v scire_fw-la gewitness_n and_o in_o doomsday_n the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n be_v often_o call_v the_o testimony_n or_o witness_n of_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o clamores_fw-la de_fw-la eurwicscire_fw-la north_n trede_n homines_fw-la qui_fw-la
sickness_n or_o other_o impediment_n before_o battle_n then_o by_o this_o or_o that_o person_n as_o many_o as_o he_o will_v which_o be_v present_a and_o show_v in_o court_n who_o have_v see_v and_o hear_v of_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n or_o thus_o and_o this_o i_o be_o ready_a to_o try_v by_o this_o my_o freeman_n d._n unto_o who_o his_o father_n on_o his_o deathbed_n enjoin_v upon_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o son_n which_o he_o ought_v to_o he_o that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n he_o shall_v hear_v of_o a_o suit_n for_o that_o land_n he_o shall_v adventure_v himself_o by_o combat_n to_o prove_v it_o assize_n the_o tenant_n have_v his_o choice_n to_o defend_v himself_o by_o duel_n or_o grand_a assize_n as_o that_o which_o his_o father_n have_v see_v and_o hear_v the_o claim_n of_o the_o demandant_n thus_o hear_v it_o be_v in_o the_o 8._o choice_n of_o the_o tenent_n to_o defend_v the_o same_o against_o the_o demandant_n by_o duel_n or_o put_v himself_o upon_o the_o great_a assize_n of_o the_o king_n and_o to_o require_v a_o 92._o a_o enquest_n recognoisant_a grand_fw-fr custom_n c._n 92._o recognition_n which_o of_o they_o have_v most_o right_o in_o that_o land_n ibidem_fw-la land_n ibidem_fw-la and_o if_o he_o will_v defend_v it_o by_o duel_n he_o be_v then_o oblige_v to_o defend_v himself_o against_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o demandant_n in_o the_o very_a word_n it_o be_v make_v either_o by_o himself_o or_o some_o other_o fit_a person_n and_o that_o the_o combat_n once_o wage_v he_o that_o hold_v the_o land_n ought_v to_o defend_v it_o that_o way_n and_o can_v not_o afterward_o put_v himself_o upon_o the_o great_a assize_n ibidem_fw-la assize_n ibidem_fw-la and_o note_v before_o the_o duel_n begin_v it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o demandant_n to_o appear_v in_o court_n and_o have_v his_o champion_n there_o ready_a to_o fight_v nor_o may_v he_o bring_v any_o other_o than_o one_o of_o those_o he_o first_o show_v in_o the_o court_n upon_o who_o he_o put_v the_o dirationation_n or_o proof_n of_o his_o cause_n 3._o cause_n glanvile_n lib._n 2._o c._n 3._o the_o champion_n of_o the_o demandant_n ought_v to_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o may_v be_v a_o â—it_a witness_n nor_o can_v the_o demandant_n prosecute_v his_o appeal_n in_o his_o own_o person_n because_o that_o can_v not_o be_v do_v but_o by_o a_o fit_a witness_n who_o have_v hear_v of_o and_o see_v the_o thing_n in_o question_n ibidem_fw-la question_n ibidem_fw-la note_v also_o that_o the_o champion_n defendant_n can_v not_o in_o the_o court_n produce_v in_o his_o place_n any_o other_o to_o undertake_v the_o combat_n than_o his_o own_o legitimate_a son_n ibidem_fw-la son_n ibidem_fw-la but_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o a_o champion_n be_v hire_v for_o reward_n to_o make_v dirationation_n or_o proof_n of_o the_o matter_n controvert_v against_o who_o if_o the_o adverse_a party_n shall_v except_v that_o he_o be_v less_o fit_a because_o he_o have_v take_v a_o reward_n or_o be_v hire_v and_o be_v ready_a to_o prove_v the_o same_o against_o he_o if_o he_o shall_v deny_v it_o by_o himself_o or_o by_o some_o person_n who_o see_v he_o take_v the_o reward_n remanebit_fw-la principale_v duellum_fw-la remanebit_fw-la he_o shall_v be_v hear_v and_o the_o principal_a duel_n be_v to_o remain_v or_o be_v stay_v ibidem_fw-la stay_v ibidem_fw-la and_o if_o he_o be_v hereof_o convict_v and_o the_o champion_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n vanquish_v in_o combat_n than_o his_o master_n or_o patron_n lose_v his_o suit_n and_o the_o champion_n as_o be_v conquer_v lose_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n that_o be_v to_o say_v afterward_o he_o be_v never_o to_o be_v admit_v in_o court_n as_o a_o witness_n to_o make_v proof_n or_o dirationation_n of_o any_o thing_n for_o any_o other_o man_n by_o battle_n ibidem_fw-la battle_n ibidem_fw-la but_o for_o his_o own_o self_n he_o may_v defend_v his_o own_o body_n or_o prosecute_v a_o injury_n do_v to_o he_o as_o breach_n of_o the_o king_n peace_n and_o may_v also_o defend_v the_o right_n of_o his_o fee_n and_o inheritance_n by_o combat_n recreant_a combat_n ibid._n c._n 3._o in_o fine_a the_o punishment_n of_o a_o recreant_a the_o battle_n end_v the_o vanquish_a person_n be_v law_n be_v this_o be_v a_o great_a penalty_n in_o those_o day_n and_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n one_o of_o the_o high_a for_o great_a crime_n as_o appear_v every_o where_n in_o their_o law_n punish_v sixty_o shilling_n as_o a_o recreant_a or_o coward_n and_o moreover_o lose_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n recreant_a land_n ibid._n c._n 3._o in_o fine_a the_o punishment_n of_o a_o recreant_a and_o if_o the_o champion_n of_o the_o tenent_n or_o defendant_n be_v overcome_v his_o lord_n patron_n or_o master_n lose_v the_o land_n claim_v with_o the_o profit_n and_o commodity_n find_v upon_o it_o at_o the_o time_n of_o seisin_n and_o can_v never_o afterward_o be_v hear_v in_o court_n again_o for_o the_o same_o for_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o king_n court_n by_o duel_n be_v to_o remain_v firm_a for_o ever_o and_o thereupon_o a_o precept_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n that_o the_o victor_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n which_o by_o combat_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v his_o and_o shall_v be_v put_v in_o seisin_n of_o it_o by_o this_o battle_n this_o ibid._n c._n 4._o a_o writ_n of_o seisin_n to_o the_o victor_n after_o battle_n writ_n the_o king_n to_o the_o sheriff_n greeting_n i_o command_v you_o that_o without_o delay_n you_o cause_n m._n to_o be_v seize_v or_o give_v he_o possession_n of_o one_o hide_v of_o land_n in_o such_o a_o town_n concern_v which_o there_o have_v be_v a_o plea_n or_o controversy_n in_o my_o court_n because_o the_o say_a hide_n of_o land_n be_v adjudge_v to_o he_o in_o my_o court_n by_o determination_n of_o combat_n witness_n ranulph_n etc._n etc._n 5._o etc._n ibid._n c._n 5._o thus_o it_o be_v if_o the_o demandant_n prevail_v in_o the_o combat_n but_o if_o his_o champion_n be_v overcome_v than_o the_o tenent_n or_o defendant_n be_v acquit_v from_o his_o claim_n thus_o much_o glanvil_n of_o trial_n by_o combat_n in_o civil_a case_n in_o criminal_a case_n it_o be_v also_o use_v case_n duel_n or_o battle_n in_o criminal_a case_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o appeal_n of_o treason_n and_o murder_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o this_o trial_n 18_o trial_n lib._n 3._o c._n 18_o bracton_n deliver_v begin_v thus_o of_o those_o which_o be_v take_v for_o any_o crime_n or_o great_a felony_n as_o for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n etc._n etc._n 3._o etc._n ibid._n n._n 3._o when_o the_o delinquent_n be_v bring_v forth_o and_o accuse_v in_o court_n and_o confess_v the_o crime_n there_o be_v sufficient_a ground_n for_o a_o full_a and_o complete_a judgement_n but_o if_o he_o deny_v it_o and_o any_o one_o appeal_v he_o of_o the_o crime_n and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o except_v except_v there_o be_v many_o exception_n to_o be_v take_v many_o several_a way_n in_o this_o way_n of_o trial_n appellant_n 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battle_n ibidem_fw-la battle_n ibidem_fw-la and_o if_o the_o fact_n and_o cause_n be_v sufficient_a and_o all_o thing_n concur_v well_o to_o warrant_v the_o combat_n than_o the_o appellate_n or_o defendant_n give_v pledge_n or_o security_n to_o defend_v himself_o and_o the_o appellant_n to_o disprove_v or_o dirationate_a he_o and_o if_o the_o appellate_n or_o defendant_n be_v overcome_v accuser_n the_o defendant_n if_o overcome_v lose_v his_o estate_n and_o good_n the_o appellant_n if_o vanquish_v cast_v into_o prison_n as_o a_o false_a accuser_n he_o suffer_v capital_a punishment_n and_o lose_v all_o his_o estate_n and_o good_n but_o if_o the_o appellant_n be_v vanquish_v he_o be_v commit_v to_o prison_n to_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o false_a accuser_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o to_o lose_v either_o life_n
or_o member_n and_o then_o the_o appellate_n be_v acquit_v recede_v from_o that_o appeal_n unless_o the_o justice_n upon_o any_o other_o suspicion_n think_v fit_a to_o retain_v he_o of_o these_o combat_n in_o case_n criminal_a 11._o criminal_a selden_n de_fw-fr duello_n c._n 11._o some_o be_v for_o trial_n of_o crime_n against_o which_o the_o law_n by_o by_o segar_n in_o his_o 137._o his_o fol._n 137._o honour_n military_a and_o civil_a give_v several_a instance_n of_o combat_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n upon_o accusation_n of_o treason_n between_o party_n and_o party_n when_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o cause_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v by_o witness_n or_o otherwise_o ordinary_a course_n may_v proceed_v and_o of_o these_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n have_v the_o order_n chivalry_n battle_n in_o criminal_a case_n under_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n or_o court_n of_o chivalry_n other_o for_o purgation_n of_o offence_n against_o military_a honour_n and_o treason_n commit_v beyond_o the_o sea_n ancient_o without_o remedy_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n which_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chivalry_n have_v cognisance_n of_o by_o law_n of_o arms._n those_o in_o civil_a cause_n be_v 6._o be_v dugd._n origin_n jurid_a fol._n 6._o under_o the_o disposition_n of_o itinerant_a justice_n or_o the_o justice_n of_o common-plea_n pleas._n in_o civil_a case_n under_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o common_a pleas._n for_o the_o bill_n of_o challenge_n the_o ceremony_n in_o arm_v the_o combatant_n fit_v and_o allow_v their_o weapon_n the_o prepare_v the_o list_n the_o introduction_n of_o the_o approver_n and_o defendant_n of_o their_o oath_n upon_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o be_v contradictory_n word_n for_o word_n to_o one_o another_o the_o office_n of_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n and_o other_o circumstance_n preparatory_a to_o the_o combat_n see_v old_a custom_n of_o normandy_n c._n 68_o bracton_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 21._o segar_n honour_n military_a and_o civil_a lib._n 3._o c._n 17._o fol._n 131._o dugdale_n origines_fw-la juridiciales_fw-la fol._n 68_o etc._n etc._n 76_o etc._n etc._n where_o they_o be_v at_o large_a treat_v of_o and_o spelman_n gloss_n in_o verbo_fw-la campus_n where_o be_v describe_v the_o manner_n of_o combat_n both_o according_a to_o the_o mareschal_n or_o military_n and_o also_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a or_o court_n of_o common_a plea_n 1571._o trial_n by_o duel_n in_o tothilfields_n a._n d._n 1571._o as_o it_o be_v perform_v in_o totil_a field_n near_o westminster_n 1571._o the_o whole_a court_n of_o common-plea_n be_v adjourn_v or_o translate_v thither_o from_o westminster-hall_n dier_n as_o chief-justice_n and_o all_o the_o judge_n sit_v upon_o a_o tribunal_n there_o erect_v and_o all_o the_o sergeant_n take_v their_o place_n in_o their_o solemn_a scarlet_a habit_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o right_n between_o simon_n lowe_n and_o thomas_n paramour_n for_o a_o manor_n and_o certain_a land_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o harte_n by_o the_o isle_n of_o shepey_n in_o kent_n lombard_n this_o way_n of_o trial_n from_o the_o lombard_n this_o way_n of_o trial_n by_o combat_n as_o that_o of_o ordeal_o and_o the_o judgement_n of_o twelve_o man_n come_v to_o we_o out_o of_o the_o north_n duello_n north_n selden_n de_fw-fr duello_n from_o the_o lombard_n who_o come_v out_o of_o scandia_n scandia_n duello_n scandia_n selden_n de_fw-fr duello_n scandia_n contain_v norway_n swethland_n danemarke_n and_o other_o region_n north_n of_o high_a germany_n overran_a the_o chief_a country_n of_o europe_n and_o be_v think_v to_o be_v institute_v by_o frotho_n the_o three_o king_n 20._o king_n saxo._n gram._n ed._n francofurt_n fol._n 86._o n._n 20._o of_o danemarke_n at_o the_o time_n of_o christ_n bâ—rth_n who_o among_o other_o law_n make_v this_o that_o every_o 10._o every_o ib._n fol._n 77_o n._n 40._o f._n 81._o n._n 10._o controversy_n shall_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o so_o pertinacious_a be_v these_o northern_a people_n in_o this_o way_n of_o judgement_n that_o it_o continue_v 70._o continue_v olaus_n worm_n monum_fw-la dan._n f._n 70._o in_o holsatia_n unto_o the_o time_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o king_n of_o danemarke_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1535._o 71._o 1535._o ib._n fol._n 71._o luitprandus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o lombard_n attempt_v to_o abrogate_v this_o wicked_a custom_n of_o trial_n by_o combat_n but_o in_o vain_a and_o though_o he_o have_v hear_v that_o many_o have_v lose_v their_o right_n by_o this_o sort_n of_o judgement_n yet_o the_o custom_n of_o his_o country_n be_v such_o as_o he_o can_v not_o prohibit_v it_o campo_n campiones_fw-la a_o campo_n from_o these_o northern_a nation_n we_o have_v both_o name_n and_o thing_n campiones_fw-la champion_n say_v the_o learned_a spelman_n campus_fw-la spelman_n gloss_n in_o verbo_fw-la campus_fw-la a_o campo_n as_o forensis_fw-la a_o foro_fw-la and_o cimber_n and_o monumenti_fw-la dan._n fol._n 62._o campio_fw-la champion_n a_o kemp._n or_o kemp_n from_o whence_o cimber_n olaus_n wormius_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o be_v call_v campio_fw-la or_o as_o we_o champion_n who_o the_o dane_n call_v kempe_n that_o be_v a_o warrior_n or_o gigant_n and_o the_o most_o valiant_a or_o stout_a man_n which_o the_o dane_n or_o northern_a people_n as_o suppose_v the_o lombard_n or_o scandian_o call_v kemper_n the_o roman_n according_a to_o their_o idiom_n express_v by_o cimber_n obsolete_a write_v of_o right_n now_o become_v obsolete_a but_o whatsoever_o high_a reputation_n a_o writ_n of_o right_o have_v as_o the_o high_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o propriety_n either_o by_o the_o recognition_n of_o twelve_o lawful_a man_n or_o by_o duel_n yet_o be_v 103._o be_v spelm._n gloss_n fol._n 103._o both_o these_o way_n of_o proceed_v now_o become_v almost_o obsolete_a and_o out_o of_o use_n but_o all_o thing_n have_v constant_o have_v their_o execution_n from_o the_o king_n writ_n and_o command_n let_v we_o see_v who_o and_o of_o what_o quality_n they_o be_v to_o who_o these_o be_v direct_v immediate_o and_o for_o some_o time_n after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n that_o they_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o justiciaries_n of_o england_n or_o that_o they_o have_v power_n from_o the_o king_n either_o to_o make_v they_o out_o or_o to_o give_v order_n for_o their_o make_v out_o and_o direction_n to_o the_o earl_n in_o their_o several_a county_n viscount_n sheriff_n or_o such_o as_o have_v the_o power_n over_o and_o government_n of_o county_n and_o place_n whither_o they_o be_v send_v can_v be_v doubt_v and_o the_o first_o justiciaries_n we_o find_v to_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n justiciaries_n norman_a justiciaries_n be_v both_o norman_n odo_n bishop_n of_o baieux_n in_o normandy_n half_a brother_n by_o the_o mother_n to_o the_o conqueror_n justiciaries_n odo_n and_o william_n fitz-osborn_n justiciaries_n and_o william_n fitz-osborn_n d._n fitz-osborn_n gul._n pictav_n f._n 208_o d._n who_o be_v viceroy_n and_o have_v the_o same_o power_n in_o the_o north_n that_o odo_n have_v in_o the_o south_n be_v the_o chief_a in_o william_n army_n most_o dear_a to_o the_o norman_n and_o therefore_o he_o know_v will_v be_v a_o terror_n to_o the_o english_a he_o d._n he_o order_n vital_a 521._o d._n be_v sewar_n of_o normandy_n and_o have_v give_v he_o here_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o county_n of_o hereford_n of_o who_o more_o in_o the_o life_n of_o william_n next_o after_o they_o b._n they_o order_n vital_a fol_z 493._o b._n william_n earl_n of_o warren_n in_o normandy_n and_o a_o great_a commander_n in_o the_o battle_n against_o harold_n and_o a._n and_o ib_n 535._o a._n richard_n de_fw-fr benefacta_fw-la alius_fw-la richard_n de_fw-fr doomsday_n de_fw-fr gemeâ—_n l._n 8_o c._n 15._o &_o lib._n doomsday_n tonebridge_n son_n to_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o brion_n in_o normandy_n 1073._o be_v make_v chief_a justice_n of_o england_n who_o summon_v to_o the_o king_n court_n divers_a rebel_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o great_a plea_n between_o lanfranc_n and_o odo_n beforementioned_a justiciary_a goisfrid_n bishop_n of_o constance_n justiciary_a odo_n justiciary_a goisfrid_n bishop_n of_o constance_n in_o normandy_n be_v justiciary_a and_o all_o those_o great_a man_n of_o england_n who_o be_v to_o cause_v the_o sheriff_n of_o every_o county_n to_o restore_v to_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n their_o land_n which_o be_v take_v from_o they_o to_o who_o the_o before-noted_n precept_n be_v direct_v be_v all_o norman_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o william_n rufus_n 40._o rufus_n hen._n hunt_v â—ol_n 212._o b_o n_o 40._o odo_n bishop_n of_o baieux_n and_o earl_n of_o kent_n be_v again_o justiciary_a and_o chief_a of_o all_o england_n 30._o england_n malmsb._n in_o w._n 2._o fol._n 67._o b._n n._n 30._o william_n de_fw-fr carilefo_n bishop_n of_o duresme_fw-fr succeed_v he_o in_o this_o office_n a_o norman_a also_o and_o he_o be_v in_o
put_v their_o judgement_n in_o execution_n the_o subjusticier_n be_v officer_n establish_v under_o the_o justicier_n to_o do_v execution_n such_o be_v viscount_n sergeant_n of_o the_o sword_n bum-bayliff_n bum-bayliff_n bedell_n or_o under-serjeant_n etc._n etc._n sword_n c._n 5._o with_o the_o comment_n a_o viscount_n in_o normandy_n be_v a_o under_o officer_n of_o the_o law_n a_o pedanen_n judge_v and_o be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o a_o provost_n or_o a_o viginer_n or_o vicar_n who_o hear_v small_a and_o ordinary_a case_n pasqu_n recherch_n fol._n 860._o d._n sergeant_n of_o the_o sword_n the_o office_n of_o the_o viscount_n be_v to_o hold_v plea_n of_o ancient_a path_n way_n bound_n watercourse_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o walk_v the_o parish_n with_o twelve_o man_n of_o the_o same_o and_o by_o their_o oath_n or_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o inquire_v who_o land_n lie_v next_o the_o way_n etc._n etc._n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v amend_v by_o those_o which_o hold_v the_o land_n according_o he_o be_v to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o lawful_a man_n of_o malefactor_n as_o murderer_n thief_n traitor_n ravisher_n and_o other_o criminal_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o prison_n till_o they_o be_v deliver_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n these_o have_v also_o under_o they_o sergeant_n of_o the_o sword_n who_o hold_v the_o view_n and_o make_v the_o summons_n to_o they_o and_o execute_v the_o precept_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o what_o be_v judge_v there_o and_o to_o keep_v and_o deliver_v according_a to_o law_n distress_n take_v the_o bedell_n be_v the_o less_o sergeant_n which_o ought_v to_o take_v the_o distress_n and_o to_o do_v office_n less_o honourable_a and_o to_o make_v the_o lesser_a summons_n and_o these_o be_v in_o every_o good_a town_n default_n c._n 6._o default_n trespassment_n des_fw-fr termes_n sont_fw-fr appellez_n defaulte_n that_o be_v such_o as_o come_v not_o at_o the_o time_n appoint_v nor_o appear_v in_o court_n according_a to_o summons_n or_o when_o they_o ought_v or_o perform_v not_o what_o they_o be_v then_o to_o perform_v be_v in_o default_n fealty_n fealty_n no_o man_n in_o normandy_n can_v receive_v fealty_n from_o another_o without_o save_v his_o fealty_n to_o the_o duke_n which_o be_v to_o be_v express_v in_o do_v homage_n and_o therefore_o the_o duke_n have_v the_o whole_a justicement_n of_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n for_o or_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fealty_n that_o all_o man_n owe_v he_o if_o a_o lord_n do_v wrong_v to_o his_o man_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o fee_n the_o court_n than_o appertain_v to_o the_o duke_n if_o there_o be_v no_o mesne_n or_o middle-lord_n between_o the_o duke_n and_o he_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o fee_n may_v have_v the_o court._n about_o distress_n take_v good_n and_o impounding_a cattle_n much_o use_v 7._o c._n 7._o as_o in_o use_n with_o we_o of_o the_o time_n when_o many_o land_n be_v to_o be_v several_a or_o commune_v 8._o c._n 8._o the_o usage_n much_o the_o same_o as_o in_o england_n judge_n be_v sage_a person_n and_o authentic_a etc._n c._n 9_o so_o it_o be_v in_o england_n who_o ancient_o judge_n in_o normandy_n bishop_n abbat_n prior_n canon_n etc._n etc._n which_o give_v judgement_n in_o court_n as_o archbishop_n bishop_n canon_n of_o cathedral_n church_n and_o other_o dignify_a person_n in_o church_n abbat_n prior_n conventual_a and_o governor_n of_o church_n famous_a for_o their_o discretion_n and_o honesty_n bailiff_n knight_n sergeant_n principal_a and_o seneschal_n of_o baron_n famous_a for_o knowledge_n and_o honesty_n every_o of_o these_o may_v remain_v in_o judgement_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o their_o own_o or_o they_o be_v no_o way_n party_n nor_o have_v give_v judgement_n nor_o be_v witness_n in_o it_o nor_o be_v suspect_v for_o love_n favor_n or_o hatred_n baron_n ought_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o their_o peer_n and_o other_o by_o all_o such_o as_o can_v be_v remove_v from_o judgement_n i._n e._n such_o as_o be_v not_o suspect_v as_o before_o ancient_o there_o be_v in_o normandy_n a_o great_a justice_n than_o all_o the_o beforementioned_a which_o be_v call_v the_o seneschal_n of_o the_o prince_n year_n c._n 10._o seneschal_n of_o normandy_n he_o be_v like_o the_o missi_fw-la regales_fw-la or_o dominici_n in_o the_o old_a empire_n or_o itinerant_a justice_n ancient_o that_o go_v their_o circuit_n once_o in_o two_o three_o four_o five_o or_o six_o year_n he_o correct_v all_o inferior_a justicier_n as_o bailiff_n etc._n etc._n and_o remove_v they_o from_o their_o office_n if_o he_o see_v it_o convenient_a he_o preserve_v the_o land_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o make_v to_o be_v preserve_v the_o law_n and_o right_n of_o normandy_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o travel_v every_o three_o year_n through_o normandy_n and_o visit_v all_o the_o particular_a baylywick_n and_o inquire_v of_o the_o injury_n and_o excess_n do_v by_o the_o subjusticiers_a and_o also_o hold_v plea_n of_o the_o sword_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n he_o may_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v amend_v without_o plea_n or_o assize_n and_o in_o all_o place_n where_o he_o find_v any_o thing_n amiss_o he_o may_v do_v as_o he_o think_v expedient_a custom_n law_n and_o usage_n usage_n c._n 11._o custom_n law_n and_o usage_n understand_v and_o practise_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o england_n all_o such_o as_o be_v resident_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n duke_n c._n 14._o all_o the_o resident_n in_o normandy_n swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o duke_n aught_o to_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o duke_n and_o keep_v it_o and_o therefore_o in_o all_o thing_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v loyal_a towards_o he_o and_o be_v not_o to_o procure_v his_o damage_n nor_o to_o give_v council_n or_o aid_n to_o his_o manifest_a enemy_n such_o as_o be_v find_v culpable_a of_o any_o of_o these_o thing_n be_v call_v traitor_n to_o their_o prince_n and_o all_o their_o possession_n remain_v to_o he_o always_o the_o woman_n in_o normandy_n without_o consent_n of_o their_o husband_n 15._o c_o 15._o can_v make_v no_o contract_n or_o bargain_n wrec_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o great_a and_o rich_a thing_n there_o name_v wrec_n c._n 1â—_n wrec_n and_o of_o ordinary_a thing_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n all_o the_o controversy_n arise_v from_o it_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o duke_n court._n treasure_n trove_v i._n e._n find_v or_o dig_v any_o where_o trove_v c._n 18._o treasure_n trove_v belong_v to_o the_o duke_n waif_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o sometime_o to_o the_o duke_n etc._n c._n 19_o waif_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o custom_n 16._o c._n 20._o and_o glanv_n lib._n 7._o c._n 16._o the_o chattel_n of_o usurer_n that_o die_v belong_v to_o the_o duke_n so_o to_o our_o ancient_a king_n duke_n c._n 21._o felonâ—_n good_n be_v the_o duke_n the_o chattel_n of_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o excommunicate_a and_o desperate_a person_n such_o to_o who_o confession_n and_o the_o sacrament_n be_v deny_v be_v the_o duke_n duke_n c_o 22._o movable_n and_o chattel_n forfeit_v to_o the_o duke_n all_o movable_n forfeit_v belong_v to_o the_o duke_n movable_n be_v the_o chattel_n of_o such_o as_o be_v condemn_v by_o judgement_n that_o be_v hang_v burn_v their_o eye_n pull_v out_o or_o their_o hand_n or_o foot_n cut_v off_o or_o banish_v etc._n etc._n what_o c._n 24._o assize_n what_o assize_n be_v a_o assembly_n of_o knight_n and_o sage_a man_n with_o the_o bailiff_n in_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n which_o contain_v the_o space_n of_o forty_o day_n between_o one_o assize_n and_o another_o by_o which_o judgement_n and_o justice_n be_v do_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v hear_v in_o court_n in_o these_o assize_n the_o juries_n sometime_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o non-scavoir_a non-scire_a ignoramus_n ibidem_fw-la jury_n bring_v in_o ignoramus_n or_o ignoramus_n and_o when_o nothing_o of_o certainty_n or_o credit_n be_v depose_v the_o inquest_n be_v first_o examine_v the_o return_n or_o verdict_n be_v l'enquest_n scet_fw-la rien_fw-fr england_n ibidem_fw-la land_n etc._n etc._n forfeit_v as_o in_o england_n the_o land_n and_o estate_n and_o profit_n of_o condemn_a person_n for_o felony_n be_v the_o duke_n for_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n afterward_o they_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v immediate_o so_o in_o england_n etc._n c._n 25._o the_o elder_a son_n succeed_v the_o whole_a etc._n etc._n in_o fuedal_n succession_n the_o elder_a son_n succeed_v in_o the_o whole_a and_o so_o it_o descend_v to_o the_o next_o of_o the_o blood_n and_o never_o ascend_v when_o there_o be_v any_o of_o the_o descend_a line_n remain_v in_o the_o latin_a version_n of_o the_o customer_n of_o normandy_n
the_o land_n he_o pass_v away_o or_o to_o give_v so_o much_o other_o land_n in_o lieu_n of_o it_o to_o he_o that_o vouch_v he_o to_o warrant_v it_o 67._o c._n 51._o &_o 67._o wrong_n in_o word_n or_o deed_n as_o battery_n and_o defamation_n be_v action_n personal_a action_n of_o wrong_a possession_n of_o fee_n movable_n or_o chattel_n be_v possessional_a tort._n de_fw-fr tort_fw-fr faicte_n tort._n wrong_v or_o tort_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o all_o contention_n entry_n c._n 5â—_n forcible_n entry_n forcible_n entry_n and_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n contrary_a to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o peace_n of_o the_o country_n etc._n c._n 53._o &_o gloss_n tit._n court_n plea_n of_o the_o sword_n by_o charter_n from_o the_o duke_n knights_z earls_z baron_n have_v court_n etc._n etc._n of_o all_o these_o plea_n and_o also_o plea_n of_o the_o sword_n the_o duke_n have_v his_o lay-court_n and_o also_o by_o grant_n and_o charter_n from_o the_o duke_n knights_z and_o such_o as_o hold_v free_o earldom_n and_o barony_n and_o other_o dignity_n feudal_n whether_o military_a fee_n or_o frank_n sergeanties_n or_o other_o frank_n or_o free_a fee_n have_v their_o court_n of_o their_o resident_n in_o simple_a plaint_n and_o of_o light_n and_o weighty_a matter_n of_o movable_n and_o heritage_n and_o of_o theft_n yea_o although_o they_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o 9_o by_o glanv_n l._n 8._o c._n 9_o battle_n but_o such_o as_o be_v not_o noble_a tenant_n or_o hold_v by_o vile_a service_n as_o bordier_n and_o such_o as_o perform_v drudge_a and_o villain_n service_n have_v no_o court_n or_o usage_n over_o tenant_n in_o such_o fe_n cry_n c._n 52._o tit._n de_fw-fr haron_n our_o hue_n and_o cry_n there_o be_v a_o court_n of_o the_o cry_v call_v haron_n with_o we_o hue_n and_o cry_n to_o which_o all_o that_o hear_v it_o be_v bind_v to_o go_v and_o there_o be_v a_o inquest_n whether_o the_o cry_n be_v rightful_o or_o wrongful_o levy_v for_o it_o be_v never_o raise_v but_o in_o cause_n criminal_a as_o for_o burn_a house_n for_o theft_n murder_n robbery_n or_o other_o great_a and_o apparent_a mischief_n or_o danger_n they_o begin_v at_o the_o place_n the_o fact_n be_v do_v and_o pursue_v the_o malefactor_n from_o parish_n to_o parish_n with_o noise_n and_o arm_n until_o if_o they_o can_v they_o have_v take_v and_o render_v he_o to_o justice_n and_o for_o neglect_v in_o the_o parish_n or_o peoples_n make_v this_o cry_n and_o pursuit_n they_o make_v fine_a to_o the_o duke_n this_o be_v call_v a_o plea_n of_o the_o sword_n or_o as_o we_o call_v it_o of_o the_o crown_n because_o such_o malefactor_n ought_v to_o be_v restrain_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o arm_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n and_o bind_v such_o plaint_n be_v call_v criminal_a criminal_a ibidem_fw-la plaint_n criminal_a for_o which_o a_o man_n lose_v life_n or_o member_n other_o be_v call_v simple_a by_o which_o the_o malefactor_n be_v only_o chastise_v as_o a_o child_n with_o a_o rod._n the_o court_n of_o some_o plaint_n be_v in_o the_o viscount_n of_o some_o in_o the_o assize_n exchequer_n plaint_n in_o the_o viscount_n assize_n exchequer_n of_o some_o in_o the_o exchequer_n in_o the_o viscount_n be_v only_o hold_v simple_a plaint_n viscount_n what_o plaint_n in_o the_o viscount_n and_o the_o amends_o of_o default_n in_o the_o assize_n and_o such_o plaint_n as_o aught_o to_o have_v the_o term_n of_o fifteen_o day_n that_o be_v be_v hold_v from_o fifteen_o to_o fifteen_o day_n and_o such_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o this_o court_n be_v call_v plea_n vicountel_v vicountel_n plea_n vicountel_n every_o great_a plaint_n as_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n case_n criminal_a exchequer_n ib._n &_o gloss_n k._n what_o plaint_n in_o the_o assize_n and_o exchequer_n case_n touch_v noble_a fee_n and_o all_o the_o like_a great_a plaint_n can_v not_o be_v determine_v but_o in_o the_o assize_n in_o the_o exchequer_n or_o before_o the_o prince_n where_o the_o determination_n be_v record_v and_o for_o this_o reason_n these_o court_n be_v furnish_v with_o more_o sage_a man_n than_o other_o that_o the_o plaint_n may_v be_v more_o discreet_o determine_v the_o exchequer_n be_v a_o assembly_n of_o high_a or_o superior_a justicier_n be_v c._n 56._o what_o the_o norman_a exchequer_n be_v to_o who_o it_o belong_v to_o amend_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o bailiff_n and_o lesser_a justicier_n and_o to_o correct_v their_o error_n to_o render_v right_a to_o every_o man_n without_o delay_n as_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o preserve_v his_o right_n and_o to_o recall_v such_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v evil_o and_o fraudulent_o grant_v away_o or_o put_v out_o of_o his_o hand_n and_o to_o observe_v every_o where_o as_o with_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o prince_n those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v to_o his_o dignity_n and_o honor._n the_o ordinary_a way_n be_v viscount_n ib._n in_o the_o gloss_n the_o office_n of_o bailiff_n and_o viscount_n that_o the_o viscount_n correct_v the_o ill_a judgement_n and_o error_n of_o the_o base_a justicy_n under_o he_o and_o the_o bailiff_n those_o of_o the_o viscount_n and_o the_o exchequer_n those_o of_o the_o bailiff_n a_o plaint_n or_o clamour_v be_v prosecute_v c._n 57_o a_o plaint_n or_o clamour_v what_o plaintiff_n bind_v to_o prosecute_v when_o any_o one_o show_v by_o complaint_n to_o the_o justicer_n the_o wrong_n that_o be_v do_v he_o who_o have_v power_n to_o receive_v they_o and_o to_o take_v pledge_n of_o the_o complainants_n that_o they_o will_v prosecute_v they_o the_o plaintiff_n thus_o bind_v 58._o c._n 58._o if_o he_o appear_v not_o in_o court_n at_o the_o day_n appoint_v he_o and_o if_o his_o adversary_n then_o appear_v he_o have_v leave_v to_o go_v without_o day_n if_o the_o suit_n be_v concern_v a_o layfee_n what_o to_o go_v without_o day_n what_o and_o the_o view_n be_v make_v and_o the_o plaintiff_n pursue_v not_o his_o claim_n but_o make_v default_n he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v hear_v any_o more_o in_o that_o matter_n default_n to_o lose_v by_o default_n and_o if_o the_o defendant_n make_v default_n in_o that_o case_n he_o ought_v to_o lose_v the_o seisin_n of_o the_o fee_n which_o be_v show_v or_o view_v etc._n c._n 62._o glanv_n l._n 2._o c._n 3._o witness_n etc._n etc._n witness_n swear_v to_o what_o they_o hear_v and_o see_v and_o be_v ready_a to_o do_v as_o the_o court_n shall_v award_v no_o man_n to_o witness_v in_o his_o own_o case_n nor_o his_o heir_n for_o he_o nor_o any_o partaker_n in_o the_o plaint_n or_o relation_n attorney_n c._n 63_o 64_o 65._o pleader_n conteur_n attorney_n there_o be_v pledeurs_fw-fr conteurs_fw-fr and_o attorney_n that_o plead_v and_o manage_v case_n in_o normandy_n to_o these_o be_v answerable_a our_o sergeant_n barrester_n and_o attorney_n view_n c._n 66._o view_v before_o trial_n land_n demand_v by_o battle_n or_o writ_n of_o right_n knight_n etc._n etc._n make_v the_o view_n there_o be_v also_o view_v of_o several_a thing_n require_v before_o trial_n view_v of_o the_o fee_n view_v of_o the_o sick_a person_n view_v of_o the_o mischief_n do_v view_v of_o the_o person_n slay_v view_v of_o the_o deflower_v virgin_n etc._n etc._n the_o view_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o land_n in_o question_n when_o it_o be_v demand_v by_o battle_n or_o a_o writ_n of_o right_n and_o general_o in_o all_o plea_n or_o controversy_n concern_v the_o inheritance_n be_v make_v by_o four_o knight_n and_o twelve_o lawful-man_n knight_n novel_a disselsin_n view_v make_v by_o knight_n languor_n view_v make_v by_o knight_n in_o novelle_n disseisines_n and_o all_o plaint_n bring_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n which_o be_v for_o possession_n the_o view_n may_v be_v make_v by_o twelve_o lawful_a man_n without_o knight_n but_o it_o be_v better_a if_o knight_n be_v there_o if_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v have_v the_o view_n of_o languor_n or_o sickness_n be_v make_v by_o here_o by_o glanv_n lib._n 1._o c._n 19_o the_o same_o here_o four_o knight_n the_o view_n of_o murder_n homicide_n mayheme_n or_o wound_n inflict_v by_o force_n be_v make_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o view_n of_o a_o virgin_n deflower_v be_v make_v by_o seven_o matron_n of_o good_a credit_n querelles_n c._n 67._o c._n 51._o tit._n de_fw-fr querelles_n plea_n or_o plaint_n some_o be_v personal_a some_o real_a personal_a either_o by_o deed_n or_o word_n by_o deed_n as_o by_o battery_n or_o wound_n battel_n c._n 68_o glanv_n l._n 14._o c._n 3_o murder_n battel_n in_o suit_n of_o murder_n r._n complain_v of_o t._n that_o he_o felonious_o murder_v his_o father_n be_v in_o the_o peace_n of_o god_n and_o the_o duke_n and_o that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o prove_v it_o etc._n etc._n if_o t._n deny_v it_o word_n for_o word_n and_o offer_v gage_n to_o defend_v
normandy_n and_o not_o long_o after_o the_o king_n of_o france_n die_v flanders_n ibidem_fw-la d._n king_n henry_n die_v leave_v his_o son_n to_o the_o care_n of_o baldwin_n earl_n of_o flanders_n and_o philip_n his_o son_n a_o child_n succeed_v he_o between_o who_o and_o the_o duke_n there_o be_v always_o a_o firm_a peace_n he_o be_v leave_v by_o his_o father_n under_o the_o tuition_n and_o protection_n of_o his_o uncle_n baldwin_n earl_n of_o flanders_n who_o be_v a_o great_a assistant_n to_o william_n and_o who_o daughter_n marry_v daughter_n ibidem_fw-la 183._o d._n who_o daughter_n william_n have_v marry_v matild_v he_o marry_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o tumult_n insurrection_n and_o trouble_n about_o the_o same_o time_n galfrid_n d._n galfrid_n ib._n 188._o d._n martell_n also_o die_v these_o enemy_n dead_a he_o be_v at_o leisure_n to_o pursue_v his_o design_n upon_o anjou_n upon_o ibidem_fw-la 189._o b._n he_o claim_v anjou_n anjou_n to_o which_o beside_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n upon_o the_o conclusion_n of_o peace_n between_o they_o after_o the_o battle_n of_o mortimer_n in_o caux_n he_o have_v likewise_o a_o title_n from_o herbert_n son_n of_o earl_n hugh_n who_o martel_n have_v expel_v he_o die_v without_o issue_n leave_v william_n his_o heir_n and_o will_v his_o people_n they_o shall_v seek_v for_o no_o other_o lord_n but_o they_o set_v up_o walter_n earl_n of_o main_a who_o have_v marry_v the_o sister_n of_o hugh_n submit_v hugh_n ibid._n d._n the_o anjovins_n submit_v yet_o not_o long_o after_o be_v weary_v with_o the_o incursion_n of_o william_n they_o joyful_o receive_v he_o as_o their_o lord_n c._n lord_n gul._n pict_n 196._o c._n these_o success_n and_o the_o fame_n of_o his_o piety_n by_o sound_v endow_a and_o advance_v church_n and_o monastery_n spread_v through_o france_n and_o the_o adjacent_a country_n bring_v a_o great_a frequency_n of_o foreign_a nobility_n to_o his_o court_n as_o well_o ecclesiastic_a as_o secular_a some_o esteem_v it_o a_o favour_n to_o be_v allow_v to_o remain_v there_o other_o to_z observe_z and_o take_v advice_n and_o some_o to_o enter_v into_o the_o service_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o it_o add_v much_o to_o his_o glory_n that_o be_v at_o this_o time_n in_o a_o universal_a quiet_a ibidem_fw-la quiet_a ibidem_fw-la none_o dare_v to_o arm_n against_o he_o that_o he_o provide_v for_o the_o security_n of_o church_n and_o state_n b._n state_n ib._n 193._o b._n c._n d._n and_o 194._o a._n b._n discourage_v the_o loose_a luxurious_a and_o profane_a ecclesiastic_n encourage_v the_o sober_a learned_a and_o pious_a take_v care_n also_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o widow_n poor_a and_o fatherless_a by_o quicken_a the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o that_o purpose_n ordain_v new_a one_o in_o this_o recess_n from_o war_n and_o business_n harold_n he_o go_v over_o into_o england_n see_v the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o of_o harold_n he_o go_v over_o into_o england_n as_o be_v relate_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n whither_o the_o course_n of_o this_o history_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v until_o the_o end_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o also_o unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o harold_n this_o mighty_a fame_n he_o acquire_v by_o these_o action_n and_o the_o opportunity_n he_o have_v give_v he_o etc._n he_o here_o in_o ed._n confessor_n of_o the_o easy_a conquest_n of_o england_n the_o clergy_n ignorant_a and_o debauch_v and_o nobility_n loose_a and_o profane_a etc._n etc._n of_o view_v and_o observe_v the_o chief_a fortress_n city_n and_o castle_n when_o he_o be_v in_o england_n be_v no_o small_a advantage_n towards_o the_o conquest_n of_o it_o but_o that_o which_o make_v it_o easy_a and_o the_o possession_n more_o peaceable_a be_v the_o irreconcilable_a feud_n between_o harold_n and_o his_o brother_n tobi_n the_o 30._o the_o malmsb_n vit_fw-mi gul._n 57_o a._n n._n 54._o ibid._n b._n n._n 10._o mat._n par._n vit_fw-fr fred._n abb._n 46._o n._n 30._o looseness_n debauchery_n and_o ignorance_n of_o the_o english_a clergy_n and_o nobility_n 3_o nobility_n in_o the_o manusc_n book_n of_o additament_n fol._n 79._o b._n cite_v by_o dr._n watts_n his_o note_n upon_o mat._n paris_n fol._n 3_o the_o large_a possession_n of_o religious_a house_n which_o if_o they_o have_v be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o temporal_a lord_n will_v have_v enable_v they_o to_o have_v make_v resistance_n but_o be_v in_o their_o hand_n hand_n william_n answer_v the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n give_v he_o this_o reason_n of_o the_o easiness_n of_o the_o conquest_n and_o quiet_a possession_n of_o england_n that_o if_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n the_o conquest_n of_o england_n may_v be_v as_o easy_a to_o the_o dane_n or_o any_o other_o that_o shall_v make_v war_n upon_o he_o ibidem_fw-la ibidem_fw-la and_o he_o shall_v not_o know_v how_o to_o defend_v his_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o begin_v with_o he_o and_o take_v away_o some_o of_o his_o large_a possession_n to_o maintain_v soldier_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o nation_n almost_o all_o his_o land_n and_o lordship_n as_o it_o be_v say_v there_o between_o barnet_n and_o london_n stone_n they_o neither_o will_v or_o aught_o to_o oppose_v he_o who_o they_o think_v have_v right_a to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o last_o the_o different_a and_o jar_a saxon_a danish_a and_o norman_a interest_n which_o incline_v they_o several_a way_n confessor_n see_v the_o reign_v of_o etheldred_n harold_n the_o one_a hardecnute_a and_o edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o saxon_a nobility_n and_o people_n will_v have_v have_v edgar_n atheling_n the_o right_a heir_n of_o that_o line_n their_o king_n the_o danish_a will_v have_v bring_v in_o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n who_o claim_v from_o hardecnute_a and_o both_o perhaps_o against_o the_o norman_a interest_n as_o be_v late_o introduce_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o etheldred_n by_o the_o marriage_n of_o emme_n except_o such_o as_o by_o the_o example_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v incline_v to_o and_o train_v up_o in_o the_o norman_a modes_n and_o custom_n conquest_n norman_a bishop_n and_o great_a man_n before_o the_o conquest_n who_o prefer_v many_o of_o that_o nation_n to_o great_a dignity_n so_o that_o in_o this_o time_n there_o be_v 1023._o be_v scriptor_n norman_n 1023._o robert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n william_n bishop_n of_o london_n wulsus_n london_n in_o append_v n._n 9_o al._n wulsus_n who_o obtain_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o that_o city_n from_o the_o conqueror_n vrsus_fw-la bishop_n of_o dorchester_n in_o oxfordshire_n the_o great_a diocese_n in_o england_n all_o norman_n randulph_n peverell_n in_o essex_n fitz-scrobi_a in_o salop_n ralph_n earl_n of_o east-angle_n danbin_n de_fw-fr bear_n hugolin_n his_o chancellor_n and_o steward_n swein_n of_o essex_n alfrid_n the_o yeoman_n of_o his_o stirrup_n and_o many_o other_o laic_n man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o reputation_n with_o the_o people_n who_o have_v several_a employment_n here_o especial_o those_o place_v to_o defend_v the_o march_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o call_v in_o for_o that_o purpose_n by_o edward_n the_o conqueror_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n fatal_a to_o the_o english_a romney_n english_a pictav_n 204._o c._n d._n the_o conqueror_n march_v after_o his_o victory_n at_o hastings_n to_o romney_n have_v bury_v his_o dead_a and_o appoint_v a_o stout_a governor_n in_o that_o fortress_n march_v to_o romney_n where_o have_v revenge_v himself_o of_o the_o cruel_a inhabitant_n so_o they_o be_v there_o call_v for_o the_o slaughter_n of_o some_o of_o his_o man_n by_o a_o mistake_n land_v at_o that_o place_n he_o thence_o advance_v to_o dover_n whither_o though_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o people_n have_v betake_v themselves_o as_o to_o a_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o castle_n inexpugnable_a yet_o dismay_v with_o the_o conqueror_n approach_n the_o place_n with_o all_o readiness_n submit_v to_o he_o yield_v dover_n yield_v who_o after_o eight_o day_n fortification_n of_o it_o march_v from_o thence_o and_o leave_v his_o sick_a man_n there_o not_o far_o from_o dover_n the_o kentish_a man_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n come_v in_o to_o he_o swear_v fealty_n and_o give_v hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o william_n the_o kentish_a man_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n come_v into_o william_n submission_n william_n ib._n 205_o a._n b._n etc._n etc._n canterbury_n send_v hâ—r_a submission_n canterbury_n also_o send_v her_o submission_n and_o the_o next_o day_n he_o come_v to_o the_o break_a not_o break_a in_o latin_a fracta_fw-la turris_n this_o place_n be_v somewhere_o in_o kent_n and_o not_o far_o from_o canterbury_n but_o where_o i_o know_v not_o tower_n proceed_v forward_o and_o understand_v where_o stigand_n the_o archbishop_n with_o the_o earl_n edwin_n and_o morcar_n and_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n
three_o four_o mark_n etc._n etc._n as_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n subjection_n he_o bring_v the_o clergy_n under_o subjection_n nor_o do_v he_o think_v himself_o secure_a only_o by_o have_v all_o person_n in_o secular_a authority_n his_o dependent_n and_o at_o his_o command_n but_o he_o bring_v the_o clergy_n also_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbat_n and_o all_o degree_n of_o that_o function_n under_o his_o subjection_n monastery_n subjection_n mat._n paris_n fol._n 7._o n._n 10._o and_o the_o church_n land_n under_o military_a service_n and_o quarter_v soldier_n in_o their_o monastery_n for_o he_o put_v the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n which_o have_v barony_n that_o be_v great_a possession_n and_o be_v before_o free_a from_o all_o secular_a service_n under_o military_a service_n and_o according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n appoint_v how_o many_o knight_n or_o soldier_n they_o shall_v find_v in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o chase_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n many_o ecclesiastic_n that_o oppose_v his_o evil_a constitution_n nor_o do_v he_o only_o charge_v their_o land_n with_o the_o tenure_n of_o knight_n service_n but_o also_o quarter_v soldier_n 40._o soldier_n ingulph_n croyl_n n._n 40._o which_o he_o have_v hire_v in_o france_n almain_n and_o spain_n in_o all_o monastery_n of_o england_n in_o croyland_n abbey_n he_o quarter_v six_o milites_fw-la or_o knight_n and_o twenty_o eight_o cross-bow-man_n that_o shoot_v stone_n and_o dart_n out_o of_o ballistarii_fw-la of_o ballistarii_fw-la crossbow_n or_o perhaps_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o steel-bow-man_n or_o director_n of_o the_o management_n of_o the_o great_a brake_n or_o engine_n with_o which_o they_o batter_v wall_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o ely_n after_o the_o isle_n be_v reduce_v be_v place_v forty_o whereof_o bellassis_n governor_n at_o least_o of_o the_o old_a fort_n call_v now_o by_o the_o country_n people_n belsars-hill_n if_o not_o general_n of_o the_o force_n against_o the_o island_n be_v one_o and_o thirty_o nine_o more_o all_o officer_n or_o man_n of_o account_n as_o by_o their_o name_n and_o arm_n appear_v in_o a_o parchment_n roll_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o robert_n de_fw-fr orford_n bishop_n of_o ely_n who_o be_v 318._o be_v godw_n de_fw-fr presul_n angl._n p._n 318._o consecrate_a 1302._o and_o die_v 1309._o nor_o do_v he_o think_v this_o enough_o to_o restrain_v the_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n 1070._o clergy_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1070._o who_o then_o bear_v the_o chief_a sway_n in_o the_o government_n but_o by_o advice_n of_o william_n fitz-osbern_n earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o other_o of_o his_o council_n he_o search_v the_o monastery_n the_o florent_fw-la wigorn._n f._n 636._o he_o rifle_v the_o monastery_n monastery_n of_o all_o england_n and_o take_v away_o the_o money_n which_o the_o rich_a sort_n of_o english_a have_v secure_v there_o fear_v his_o austerity_n and_o ravages_n and_o command_v it_o to_o be_v carry_v into_o his_o treasury_n 7._o treasury_n fol._n 7._o mat._n paris_n say_v he_o rob_v all_o the_o monastery_n of_o their_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o spare_v not_o their_o shrine_n and_o chalice_n nor_o yet_o do_v he_o think_v himself_o sufficient_o secure_v from_o the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o that_o age_n pleasure_n age_n eadmer_n fol._n 6._o n._n 10._o he_o bring_v in_o the_o norman_a law_n and_o make_v norman_a bishop_n in_o england_n all_o thing_n be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o conqueror_n pleasure_n until_o have_v bring_v into_o england_n the_o law_n and_o usage_n which_o he_o and_o his_o father_n be_v wont_a to_o observe_v in_o normandy_n he_o have_v make_v such_o man_n bishop_n abbat_n and_o chief_a ruler_n through_o the_o whole_a land_n as_o may_v be_v think_v very_o unworthy_a if_o in_o all_o thing_n they_o submit_v not_o to_o his_o law_n or_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a oppose_v he_o and_o therefore_o all_o divine_a and_o humane_a matter_n be_v order_v according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n to_o this_o purpose_n there_o be_v a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o winchester_n eight_o day_n after_o easter_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o king_n he_o be_v present_a and_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o pope_n alexander_n by_o his_o legate_n herminfrid_n bishop_n of_o geneva_n of_o sedune_n now_o by_o the_o german_n call_v sit_v and_o the_o french_a zion_n and_o the_o country_n about_o it_o sionois_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o river_n rosne_fw-fr before_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o lake_n of_o geneva_n sedune_n and_o two_o priest_n cardinal_n of_o the_o apostolic_a see_v depose_v see_v florent_fw-la wigorn_a f._n 636._o an._n do._n 1070._o a_o council_n at_o winchester_n wherein_o stigand_n be_v depose_v john_n and_o peter_n produce_v his_o authority_n in_o this_o council_n stigand_n archbishp_n of_o canterbury_n be_v depose_v for_o three_o cause_n to_o wit_n because_o he_o unjust_o possess_v the_o bishopric_n of_o winchester_n with_o the_o archbishopric_n and_o because_o he_o invade_v the_o archbishopric_n while_o archbishop_n robert_n be_v live_v and_o use_v his_o pall_n which_o remain_v at_o canterbury_n in_o celebrate_v mass_n when_o by_o force_n he_o be_v unjust_o put_v out_o of_o england_n and_o receive_v a_o pall_n from_o benedict_n who_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v excommunicate_v for_o that_o by_o money_n he_o have_v invade_v the_o apostolic_a see_n b._n see_n de_fw-fr gest_n pontif._n fol._n 116._o b._n malmsbury_n say_v with_o these_o two_o bishopric_n he_o also_o possess_v many_o abbey_n who_o in_o this_o as_o he_o conceive_v do_v not_o commit_v a_o sin_n of_o judgement_n but_o error_n for_o that_o he_o be_v a_o very_a illiterate_a man_n as_o be_v almost_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o england_n at_o that_o time_n depose_v time_n florent_fw-la wigorn._n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la agalmar_n bishop_n of_o east_n angle_n and_o some_o abbat_n depose_v in_o this_o council_n also_o agalmar_n brother_n of_o stigand_n bishop_n of_o east-angle_n his_o seat_n be_v then_o at_o elmham_n be_v depose_v and_o some_o abbat_n the_o king_n promote_a that_o work_n that_o he_o may_v put_v into_o their_o place_n man_n of_o his_o own_o nation_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o his_o new_a conquer_a kingdom_n life_n kingdom_n ibidem_fw-la other_o be_v keep_v in_o prison_n all_o their_o life_n he_o also_o keep_v in_o prison_n some_o bishop_n and_o abbat_n all_o their_o life_n time_n without_o any_o evident_a cause_n bishop_n cause_n ibidem_fw-la agelric_n bishop_n of_o the_o south_n saxon_n turn_v out_o and_o imprison_v without_o fault_n he_o make_v his_o own_o chaplain_n bishop_n be_v neither_o condemn_v by_o any_o council_n or_o secular_a law_n mere_o out_o of_o jealousy_n and_o suspicion_n of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n on_o whitsunday_n the_o king_n give_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o york_n to_o thomas_n canon_n of_o bayeaux_n in_o normandy_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o winchester_n to_o walkelin_n his_o chaplain_n and_o on_o the_o morrow_n by_o his_o command_n herminfrid_n the_o bishop_n of_o sedune_n the_o cardinal_n be_v return_v to_o rome_n hold_v a_o synod_n in_o which_o agelric_n the_o bishop_n of_o the_o southsaxons_a be_v not_o canonical_o depose_v who_o the_o king_n imprison_v at_o malborow_n without_o any_o fault_n there_o be_v then_o also_o to_o use_v the_o author_n own_o phrase_n very_o many_o abbat_n degrade_v the_o conqueror_n give_v to_o his_o chaplane_n herfastus_n the_o bishopric_n of_o east-angle_n and_o to_o stigand_n the_o bishopric_n of_o the_o southsaxons_a and_o give_v the_o abbey_n to_o his_o norman_a monk_n command_n monk_n eadmer_n fol._n 6._o n._n 20._o no_o man_n to_o acknowledge_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n for_o pope_n without_o his_o command_n he_o will_v not_o suffer_v any_o one_o in_o his_o dominion_n to_o acknowledge_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n for_o pope_n without_o his_o command_n nor_o to_o receive_v any_o letter_n from_o he_o unless_o they_o be_v first_o show_v to_o he_o leave_n he_o ibidem_fw-la the_o archbishop_n may_v not_o appoint_v or_o prohibit_v any_o thing_n without_o his_o leave_n the_o archbishop_n may_v preside_v in_o any_o council_n but_o he_o will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o appoint_v or_o prohibit_v any_o thing_n but_o what_o he_o please_v and_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v first_o ordain_v by_o he_o implead_v he_o ibid._n n._n o._n his_o baron_n without_o his_o command_n not_o to_o be_v implead_v he_o will_v not_o suffer_v any_o bishop_n to_o implead_v and_o excommunicate_v any_o of_o his_o baron_n all_o such_o as_o 168._o as_o sâ—ld_n not_o in_o ead._n f._n 168._o hold_v immediate_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o officer_n for_o incest_n adultery_n or_o any_o heinous_a crime_n unless_o by_o his_o command_n assent_n command_n but_o notwithstanding_o the_o conqueror_n stoutness_n and_o resolution_n in_o these_o matter_n by_o his_o admission_n of_o the_o pope_n legate_n for_o the_o purpose_n above_o
command_v his_o foot_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o if_o he_o be_v a_o clerc_n then_o to_o lose_v his_o eye_n and_o genitals_o if_o a_o laic_a to_o be_v hang_v if_o a_o leper_n to_o be_v burn_v and_o if_o any_o bishop_n fear_v such_o interdict_v will_v depart_v the_o nation_n he_o shall_v carry_v nothing_o with_o he_o but_o his_o staff_n he_o will_v also_o that_o all_o scholar_n shall_v return_v into_o england_n or_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o benefice_n and_o such_o as_o staid_a shall_v never_o return_v the_o priest_n that_o will_v not_o chant_v or_o sing_v mass_n he_o order_v to_o be_v geld_v and_o all_o such_o as_o be_v rebel_n to_o he_o be_v to_o lose_v their_o fee_n or_o livelyhood_n he_o also_o send_v his_o archbishop_n his_o append._n n._n 47._o the_o king_n command_v the_o sheriff_n to_o imprison_v all_o such_o as_o appeal_v to_o the_o pope_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o seize_v the_o rent_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o archbishop_n writ_n to_o all_o the_o sheriff_n in_o england_n that_o they_o shall_v imprison_v all_o such_o as_o appeal_v to_o rome_n until_o his_o pleasure_n be_v know_v that_o they_o shall_v seize_v all_o the_o rent_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o archbishop_n as_o ralph_n de_fw-fr brock_n and_o his_o other_o minister_n shall_v direct_v that_o they_o shall_v take_v security_n for_o the_o good_a behaviour_n of_o the_o father_n mother_n sister_n brother_n nephew_n and_o niece_n of_o all_o such_o clerc_n as_o be_v with_o the_o archbishop_n and_o also_o that_o their_o good_n shall_v be_v forthcoming_a until_o his_o pleasure_n be_v know_v when_o he_o relation_n he_o hoved._n f._n 286._o b._n n._n 10._o a._n d._n 1166._o he_o banish_v all_o his_o relation_n return_v out_o of_o normandy_n into_o england_n in_o the_o year_n 1166._o he_o banish_v out_o of_o england_n and_o all_o his_o dominion_n all_o man_n and_o woman_n that_o he_o can_v find_v which_o be_v akin_a to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o spare_v not_o the_o child_n suck_v their_o mother_n breast_n and_o he_o have_v not_o be_v two_o year_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o pontigny_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o champaign_n and_o burgundy_n with_o warin_n and_o his_o monk_n to_o who_o pope_n alexander_n have_v recommend_v he_o pontigny_n he_o ib._n n._n 20._o and_o force_v he_o to_o leave_v the_o monastery_n of_o pontigny_n but_o king_n henry_n send_v to_o the_o abbot_n that_o if_o he_o shelter_v any_o long_a the_o archbishop_n of_o canturbury_n in_o his_o monastery_n he_o will_v banish_v all_o the_o monk_n of_o his_o columb_n his_o they_o be_v cistertian_n from_o whence_o he_o go_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n columb_n order_n out_o of_o england_n the_o archbishop_n be_v tell_v of_o this_o message_n of_o his_o own_o accord_n leave_v the_o place_n lest_o for_o his_o sake_n so_o many_o religious_a house_n may_v perish_v and_o from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o receive_v he_o very_o kind_o and_o send_v he_o to_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n columb_n near_o the_o city_n of_o sens._n pope_n alexander_n write_v to_o they_o to_o hoveden_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la n._n 30._o etc._n etc._n the_o pope_n write_v to_o king_n hen._n in_o behalf_n of_o thomas_n and_o tell_v hiâ—_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o secular_a and_o ecclesiastic_a power_n and_o right_n and_o advise_v he_o not_o to_o confound_v they_o king_n henry_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o thomas_n the_o archbishop_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o as_o the_o secular_o be_v distinguish_v in_o life_n and_o habit_n from_o clerc_n so_o their_o court_n be_v quite_o different_a that_o therefore_o he_o have_v pervert_v they_o by_o a_o indecent_a order_n and_o usurp_v those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o christ_n by_o make_v new_a law_n according_a to_o his_o own_o will_n to_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o church_n and_o poor_a of_o christ_n and_o so_o exhort_v he_o to_o permit_v every_o one_o to_o have_v his_o own_o right_a and_o to_o leave_v ecclesiastical_a matter_n and_o especial_o such_o as_o be_v criminal_a about_o breach_n of_o faith_n or_o oath_n the_o laesione_n fidei_fw-la aut_fw-la juramenti_fw-la the_o cause_n also_o which_o concern_v the_o thing_n and_o possession_n of_o church_n to_o be_v discuss_v by_o ecclesiastic_a person_n because_o it_o neither_o be_v expedient_a nor_o become_v he_o to_o confound_v the_o secular_a and_o ecclesiastic_a government_n regnum_fw-la &_o sacerdotium_fw-la confundere_fw-la non_fw-la adeo_fw-la serenitatem_fw-la tuam_fw-la deceret_fw-la nec_fw-la etiam_fw-la expediret_fw-la he_o also_o write_v to_o 48._o to_o append._n n._n 48._o gilbert_n bishop_n of_o london_n to_o persuade_v the_o king_n to_o be_v kind_a to_o the_o church_n and_o receive_v the_o archbishop_n into_o favour_n the_o bishop_n of_o proposal_n of_o ibidem_fw-la n._n 49._o he_o write_v also_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n to_o incline_v the_o king_n affection_n to_o thomas_n and_o the_o church_n the_o king_n sober_a and_o comply_a answer_n to_o his_o proposal_n london_n take_v to_o his_o assistance_n richard_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n they_o both_o urge_v the_o king_n according_a to_o their_o instruction_n give_v they_o by_o the_o pope_n in_o this_o and_o other_o epistle_n who_o they_o tell_v he_o receive_v his_o correption_n very_o thankful_o and_o with_o great_a temper_n of_o mind_n answer_v every_o thing_n very_o modest_o first_o that_o he_o have_v no_o aversion_n to_o he_o nor_o ever_o think_v of_o any_o such_o thing_n that_o while_o he_o show_v he_o his_o paternal_a grace_n and_o favour_n the_o king_n will_v love_v he_o as_o his_o father_n and_o honour_n and_o cherish_v the_o roman_a church_n as_o his_o mother_n and_o humble_o obey_v his_o holy_a command_n save_v his_o own_o and_o the_o dignity_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n he_o have_v be_v deficient_a in_o his_o reverence_n towards_o he_o it_o be_v because_o when_o he_o have_v in_o his_o necessity_n with_o his_o whole_a heart_n mind_n and_o strength_n espouse_v his_o cause_n yet_o afterward_o he_o be_v in_o great_a strait_n his_o holiness_n fail_v he_o and_o to_o every_o petition_n give_v he_o a_o repulse_v he_o say_v he_o will_v hinder_v no_o man_n from_o visit_v your_o holiness_n nor_o as_o yet_o have_v he_o do_v it_o in_o appeal_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o his_o kingdom_n he_o affirm_v that_o no_o clerc_n ought_v for_o a_o civil_a cause_n ob_fw-la civilem_fw-la causam_fw-la to_o go_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n before_o he_o have_v by_o his_o authority_n and_o precept_n try_v whether_o he_o can_v obtain_v his_o right_n or_o not_o if_o he_o can_v any_o one_o might_n and_o shall_v appeal_v to_o you_o in_o which_o if_o he_o do_v any_o way_n prejudice_v your_o right_n or_o honour_n he_o will_v amend_v it_o by_o advice_n of_o the_o church_n of_o his_o own_o kingdom_n he_o assert_v he_o never_o expel_v the_o archbishop_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o as_o he_o go_v of_o his_o own_o accord_n so_o he_o may_v free_o return_v again_o to_o his_o church_n when_o he_o please_v on_o condition_n he_o observe_v his_o royal_a dignity_n which_o he_o swear_v to_o observe_v though_o now_o he_o call_v they_o wicked_a and_o unjust_a and_o if_o any_o church_n or_o ecclesiastical_a person_n can_v show_v himself_o grieve_v by_o he_o or_o any_o of_o he_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o make_v satisfaction_n according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n these_o they_o say_v be_v the_o ibidem_fw-la the_o ibidem_fw-la king_n answer_n and_o beseech_v his_o sublimity_n to_o consider_v what_o issue_n this_o affair_n be_v like_a to_o have_v when_o as_o the_o king_n seem_v much_o to_o justify_v himself_o in_o that_o he_o submit_v in_o all_o thing_n to_o the_o counsel_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o church_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o the_o archbishop_n may_v return_v upon_o the_o condition_n before_o express_v and_o do_v supplicate_v his_o aestimavimus_fw-la his_o excellentiae_fw-la vestrae_fw-la supplicandum_fw-la aestimavimus_fw-la excellency_n to_o act_v mild_o and_o not_o to_o pronounce_v sentence_n of_o interdict_v or_o excommunication_n against_o he_o lest_o he_o shall_v force_v the_o king_n and_o with_o he_o much_o people_n and_o innumerable_a church_n from_o his_o obedience_n the_o arch-bishop_n suffragans_fw-la or_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n compliance_n province_n append._n n._n 50._o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canturbury_n write_v to_o the_o archbishop_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n they_o excuse_v he_o and_o exhort_v thomas_n to_o a_o compliance_n write_v to_o he_o they_o do_v hope_v that_o those_o thing_n which_o by_o his_o unexpected_a departure_n and_o by_o the_o newness_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o have_v be_v put_v into_o confusion_n may_v by_o his_o humility_n and_o prudence_n with_o cooperate_a grace_n have_v be_v reduce_v into_o their_o former_a peaceable_a condition_n and_o it_o
be_v a_o comfort_n to_o they_o when_o by_o common_a fame_n they_o hear_v that_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n he_o have_v no_o design_n or_o contrivance_n against_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n or_o his_o kingdom_n but_o that_o he_o do_v bear_v with_o modesty_n that_o burden_n of_o poverty_n which_o he_o have_v voluntary_o undertake_v and_o have_v withdraw_v and_o sequester_v himself_o out_o of_o devotion_n to_o humble_v himself_o and_o to_o obtain_v or_o improve_v his_o spiritual_a welfare_n and_o rejoice_v to_o hear_v he_o be_v so_o studious_a of_o peace_n but_o then_o to_o their_o great_a grief_n they_o hear_v he_o threaten_v the_o king_n with_o a_o interdict_v and_o to_o cut_v he_o off_o from_o the_o church_n they_o press_v upon_o he_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o such_o proceed_n and_o the_o convenience_n of_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a temper_n and_o urge_v he_o to_o consider_v that_o the_o king_n against_o the_o dissuasion_n of_o his_o mother_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o secular_a government_n regno_fw-la reclamante_fw-la cause_v he_o to_o be_v elect_v archbishop_n in_o hope_n he_o may_v reign_v happy_o and_o enjoy_v great_a quiet_a and_o security_n by_o his_o advice_n and_o assistance_n they_o tell_v he_o the_o king_n be_v appoint_v by_o god_n provide_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o all_o thing_n and_o preserve_v it_o to_o the_o church_n and_o people_n commit_v to_o he_o that_o he_o exact_v and_o require_v the_o dignity_n due_a and_o exhibit_v to_o king_n before_o he_o shall_v be_v allow_v and_o exhibit_v to_o he_o about_o which_o if_o there_o be_v any_o controversy_n between_o the_o king_n and_o himself_o when_o he_o be_v admonish_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n and_o hereford_n by_o direction_n from_o the_o pope_n he_o answer_v humble_o and_o meek_o that_o if_o any_o church_n or_o ecclesiastical_a person_n whatsoever_o can_v show_v themselves_o grieve_v or_o injure_v he_o will_v in_o all_o thing_n submit_v himself_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o church_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o that_o in_o very_a deed_n he_o be_v then_o ready_a to_o perform_v it_o and_o give_v satisfaction_n for_o the_o injury_n do_v and_o then_o they_o demand_v by_o what_o right_n what_o law_n what_o canon_n or_o interdict_v he_o can_v urge_v or_o press_v the_o king_n or_o how_o he_o can_v cut_v he_o off_o from_o the_o church_n and_o then_o move_v he_o to_o peace_n and_o compliance_n and_o smooth_o reprove_v he_o for_o several_a preposterous_a new_a and_o unwarrantable_a action_n as_o suspend_v and_o condemn_v the_o bâ—shop_n of_o salisbury_n before_o he_o be_v accuse_v or_o hear_v which_o new_a order_n of_o judgement_n say_v they_o to_o condemn_v first_o and_o hear_v the_o cause_n afterward_o as_o they_o hope_v be_v then_o not_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o law_n or_o canon_n and_o lest_o he_o may_v attempt_v to_o exercise_v and_o extend_v it_o against_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n or_o his_o kingdom_n or_o against_o they_o and_o the_o church_n commit_v to_o they_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o pope_n the_o disgrace_n and_o detriment_n of_o the_o holy_a roman_a church_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o his_o own_o confusion_n they_o oppose_v the_o remedy_n of_o appeal_n and_o the_o second_o time_n appeal_v to_o the_o pope_n in_o write_v and_o design_v 1167._o design_v ann._n dom._n 1167._o ascension_n day_n for_o the_o time_n of_o appeal_n such_o another_o they_o another_o append._n n._n 51._o they_o write_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n to_o the_o pope_n they_o tell_v he_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o interdict_v etc._n etc._n they_o fix_v the_o ground_n and_o cause_n of_o the_o controversy_n in_o the_o extravagancy_n and_o crime_n of_o insolent_a clerc_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o punish_v they_o epistle_n and_o much_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n write_v to_o the_o pope_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n in_o which_o they_o excuse_v he_o as_o before_o commend_v his_o compliance_n and_o obedience_n and_o inform_v the_o pope_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o interdict_v threat_n or_o curse_v to_o force_v he_o to_o satisfaction_n they_o assign_v for_o the_o ground_n and_o cause_n of_o the_o controversy_n the_o extravagancy_n and_o excess_n of_o certain_a insolent_a clerc_n and_o the_o manner_n and_o place_n of_o punish_v their_o grievous_a crime_n and_o enormity_n they_o blame_v thomas_n for_o threaten_v to_o excommunicate_v and_o interdict_v the_o nation_n and_o say_v it_o be_v neither_o like_o the_o devotion_n or_o patience_n of_o a_o father_n or_o archbishop_n they_o acquaint_v the_o pope_n he_o have_v excommunicate_v some_o of_o the_o king_n servant_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o his_o special_a assistant_n and_o counsellor_n by_o who_o the_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v much_o direct_v without_o citation_n without_o make_v any_o defence_n and_o as_o they_o say_v without_o gild_n not_o be_v convict_v or_o have_v confess_v any_o fault_n and_o lay_v before_o he_o the_o inconvenience_n and_o ill_a consequence_n of_o his_o extravagant_a action_n and_o at_o length_n make_v their_o appeal_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o propound_v the_o day_n of_o appeal_n as_o before_o a_o abstract_n of_o the_o rescript_n or_o answer_n of_o the_o archbishop_n to_o his_o suffragans_fw-la epistle_n here_o follow_v the_o rescript_n itself_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o appendix_n n._n 56._o through_o the_o whole_a he_o draw_v and_o insinuate_v a_o parallel_n between_o our_o saviour_n christ_n and_o himself_o suffragans_fw-la the_o arch-bishop_n answer_v to_o the_o epistle_n of_o his_o suffragans_fw-la tell_v they_o they_o write_v it_o not_o by_o common_a advice_n and_o prudence_n it_o contain_v more_o of_o mordacity_n than_o comfort_n more_o of_o disobedience_n than_o piety_n or_o charity_n and_o wonder_n why_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o unkind_a to_o he_o when_o he_o never_o do_v they_o injury_n he_o exhort_v they_o to_o lay_v down_o their_o life_n with_o he_o to_o free_v the_o church_n from_o the_o yoke_n of_o servitude_n say_v the_o injury_n do_v to_o he_o the_o church_n of_o god_n and_o canturbury_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o appeal_n and_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o recess_n he_o accuse_v the_o bishop_n of_o london_n archbishop_n of_o york_n and_z richard_z de_fw-fr ivelcester_n for_o dictate_v the_o sentence_n against_o he_o and_o particular_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n for_o receive_v the_o money_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canturbury_n and_o apply_v it_o to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o own_o he_o affirm_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o fear_v any_o punishment_n or_o ill_a consequence_n for_o stand_v out_o against_o the_o king_n the_o bishop_n he_o exhort_v not_o to_o confound_v the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n which_o be_v distinct_a power_n of_o which_o the_o church_n the_o he_o meaâ—s_v the_o secular_a power_n receive_v authority_n from_o church_n one_o receive_v power_n and_o authority_n from_o the_o other_o he_o say_v the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n admit_v john_n of_o oxford_n dean_n of_o salisbury_n against_o the_o pope_n and_o his_o prohibition_n which_o be_v manifest_a disobedience_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o solemnity_n require_v in_o the_o process_n against_o he_o and_o cite_v canon_n to_o make_v good_a his_o assertion_n he_o argue_v against_o their_o appeal_n and_o assert_n that_o legal_o and_o canonical_o they_o can_v not_o appeal_v and_o affirm_v it_o no_o injury_n or_o grievance_n to_o the_o king_n to_o smite_v he_o with_o excommunication_n as_o to_o what_o they_o say_v that_o he_o be_v make_v archbishop_n against_o the_o opinion_n and_o good_a like_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o appeal_v to_o the_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o his_o election_n and_o endeavour_n to_o make_v what_o they_o say_v improbable_a from_o the_o number_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n present_a and_o for_o that_o the_o king_n write_v for_o a_o pall_n and_o the_o election_n be_v make_v without_o contradiction_n he_o take_v notice_n they_o report_v he_o a_o little_a fellow_n and_o of_o mean_a parentage_n his_o answer_n be_v that_o he_o descend_v not_o from_o king_n yet_o choose_v rather_o by_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o mind_n to_o raise_v a_o family_n then_o by_o his_o negligence_n to_o make_v one_o degenerate_a he_o tell_v they_o they_o talk_v of_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o temporal_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n recess_n from_o it_o of_o his_o own_o danger_n and_o of_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o he_o but_o think_v not_o of_o the_o loss_n of_o soul_n and_o after_o this_o averr_v the_o suffragans_fw-la of_o his_o church_n ought_v all_o to_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n and_o to_o suffer_v and_o die_v with_o he_o the_o epistle_n or_o rescript_n be_v very_o long_o and_o what_o his_o potency_n
nobleman_n the_o condition_n of_o the_o peace_n september_n the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o mother_n meet_v at_o a_o parliament_n or_o conference_n convenerunt_fw-la ad_fw-la colloquium_fw-la etc._n etc._n with_o the_o honourable_a and_o great_a man_n of_o that_o kingdom_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n father_n have_v make_v war_n one_o upon_o another_o in_o which_o treaty_n peace_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o follow_a condition_n first_o that_o the_o earl_n of_o champagne_n the_o principal_a author_n of_o this_o discord_n shall_v undertake_v the_o croysado_n to_o the_o holy-land_n and_o there_o with_o a_o hundred_o knight_n fight_v against_o the_o enemy_n of_o christ_n second_o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o mother_n shall_v swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n that_o they_o will_v restore_v to_o every_o one_o their_o right_n and_o that_o they_o will_v judge_v all_o man_n of_o that_o nation_n according_a to_o right_a custom_n or_o law_n due_a to_o every_o man._n in_o the_o mean_a time_n king_n england_n king_n ibid._n n._n 20.30_o the_o english_a army_n lie_v idle_a in_o france_n spend_v their_o money_n pawn_v their_o horse_n the_o king_n return_v into_o england_n henry_n with_o his_o army_n lie_v idle_a at_o nantes_n do_v nothing_o but_o spend_v his_o treasure_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n see_v hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n will_v not_o permit_v they_o to_o fight_v with_o their_o enemy_n feast_v according_a to_o the_o english_a manner_n and_o invite_v one_o another_o and_o drink_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v christmas_n those_o which_o be_v poor_a have_v spend_v all_o their_o money_n sell_v or_o pawn_v their_o horse_n and_o arm_n at_o length_n the_o king_n in_o october_n have_v provide_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o that_o land_n leave_v 500_o knight_n and_o 1000_o stipendiary_a servientes_fw-la or_o horseman_n under_o the_o command_n of_o ranulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n william_n marshal_n and_o william_n earl_n of_o albemarl_n ship_v himself_o and_o land_a at_o portsmouth_n on_o the_o 26_o of_o that_o month._n after_o the_o king_n departure_n normandy_n departure_n ibid._n n._n 40._o the_o english_a make_v a_o inroad_n into_o anjou_n and_o normandy_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o other_o who_o he_o have_v leave_v the_o chief_a governor_n of_o his_o army_n make_v a_o incursion_n with_o the_o whole_a army_n into_o anjou_n and_o take_v gontier_fw-mi castle_n demolish_v it_o and_o burn_v the_o town_n and_o soon_o after_o enter_v normandy_n in_o like_a manner_n and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o pontorsun_n and_o level_v it_o with_o the_o ground_n and_o burn_v the_o town_n they_o return_v into_o britain_n with_o great_a spoil_n without_o any_o loss_n to_o themselves_o 1231._o a._n d._n 1231._o in_o the_o year_n 1231._o fee_n 1231._o ibid._n n._n 50._o a_o parliament_n or_o conference_n the_o king_n demand_v three_o mark_n scutage_n of_o every_o knight_n fee_n the_o king_n at_o christmas_n keep_v his_o court_n at_o lambeth_n and_o on_o the_o 26_o of_o january_n he_o meet_v his_o prelate_n and_o great_a man_n at_o westminster_n convenerunt_fw-la ad_fw-la colloquium_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la rex_fw-la cum_fw-la prelatis_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o the_o king_n require_v a_o scurage_v three_o mark_n of_o every_o knight_n fee_n of_o all_o that_o hold_v barony_n of_o he_o whether_o laic_n or_o prelate_n but_o richard_n archbishop_n of_o canturbury_n and_o some_o bishop_n oppose_v it_o allege_v that_o ecclesiastic_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tax_v by_o and_o with_o layman_n for_o that_o in_o transmarine_a country_n scurage_v be_v grant_v by_o laic_n without_o they_o however_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o well_o laic_n and_o clerc_n as_o prelate_n ready_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n pleasure_n soon_o after_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canturbury_n prerogative_n canturbury_n fol._n 368._o n._n 10.20_o the_o archbishop_n complain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o justiciary_a the_o king_n assert_v his_o prerogative_n complain_v to_o the_o king_n that_o hubert_n the_o justiciary_a have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o tonebridge_n and_o other_o land_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o late_a earl_n of_o gloucester_n decease_a for_o which_o homage_n be_v due_a to_o the_o church_n of_o canturbury_n to_o who_o the_o king_n reply_v that_o the_o abovementioned_a earl_n hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o it_o be_v his_o prerogative_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o wardship_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o of_o their_o heir_n to_o who_o he_o please_v till_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o full_a age._n when_o the_o archbishop_n can_v obtain_v no_o other_o answer_n he_o excommunicate_v all_o that_o have_v enter_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a possession_n countess_n the_o archbishop_n go_v to_o rome_n the_o king_n send_v to_o defend_v his_o cause_n richard_z earl_n of_o cornwall_n marry_v the_o countess_n and_o also_o every_o one_o except_o the_o king_n that_o shall_v converse_v with_o they_o and_o then_o go_v to_o rome_n to_o prosecute_v his_o suit_n in_o that_o court_n the_o king_n likewise_o send_v roger_n de_fw-fr canteln_n with_o some_o other_o to_o plead_v his_o cause_n before_o the_o pope_n this_o year_n at_o easter_n richard_n the_o king_n brother_n marry_v isabel_n countess_n of_o gloucester_n sister_n to_o william_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n which_o william_n die_v immediate_o after_o that_o solemnity_n this_o year_n in_o may_n the_o they_o the_o ibid._n n._n 30._o the_o welsh_a make_v incursion_n into_o england_n the_o bishop_n excommunicate_v they_o welsh_a under_o their_o king_n leolin_n make_v many_o incursion_n and_o great_a spoil_n upon_o the_o borderer_n of_o wales_n spare_v neither_o sacred_a person_n nor_o place_n when_o the_o bishop_n and_o prelate_n hear_v of_o it_o they_o excommunicate_v leolin_n and_o all_o his_o favourer_n and_o abettor_n and_o the_o king_n have_v raise_v a_o army_n to_o repress_v they_o build_v maud_n castle_n which_o the_o welsh_a have_v former_o demolish_v and_o place_v a_o strong_a garrison_n in_o it_o to_o hinder_v their_o incursion_n have_v finish_v this_o castle_n in_o october_n he_o return_v into_o england_n ibid_fw-la fol._n 370._o n._n 30._o this_o year_n in_o june_n year_n june_n fol._n 369._o n._n 30._o the_o king_n of_o france_n design_v to_o invade_v britain_n his_o carriage_n victual_n and_o warlike_a engine_n take_v a_o truce_n for_o three_o year_n the_o king_n of_o france_n with_o a_o great_a army_n design_v to_o invade_v britain_n but_o be_v prevent_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o britain_n and_o chester_n who_o have_v prepare_v a_o ambush_n to_o intercept_v the_o carriage_n of_o his_o army_n with_o the_o victual_n and_o engine_n which_o so_o effectual_o succeed_v that_o they_o take_v and_o destroy_v they_o all_o the_o french_a be_v thus_o surprise_v and_o discourage_v a_o truce_n be_v agree_v upon_o and_o conclude_v for_o three_o year_n between_o the_o two_o king_n on_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o part_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o rheims_n and_o earl_n of_o bologne_n and_o on_o the_o king_n of_o england_n part_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o britain_n and_o chester_n who_o soon_o after_o come_v into_o estate_n into_o ibid._n n._n 40._o richard_z marshal_z offers_z homage_n for_o his_o brother_n estate_n england_n with_o richard_n marshal_n and_o be_v very_o honourable_o receive_v by_o the_o king_n then_o richard_n marshal_v offer_v to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n and_o whatever_o else_o be_v require_v of_o he_o as_o heir_n to_o his_o brother_n william_n marshal_v decease_v to_o who_o the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o justiciary_a give_v this_o answer_n that_o he_o hear_v his_o kingdom_n the_o king_n refuse_v to_o receive_v his_o homage_n and_o command_v he_o to_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n brother_n wife_n be_v with_o child_n and_o will_v not_o determine_v any_o thing_n till_o that_o be_v certain_o know_v add_v moreover_o that_o he_o have_v confaederated_a with_o his_o enemy_n in_o france_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n command_v he_o to_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n within_o fifteen_o day_n and_o never_o to_o return_v again_o upon_o pain_n of_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n when_o he_o receive_v this_o answer_n from_o the_o king_n he_o pass_v over_o into_o force_n into_o ibid._n n._n 50._o he_o resolve_v to_o recover_v his_o inheritance_n by_o force_n ireland_n where_o he_o be_v kind_o receive_v have_v all_o his_o brother_n castle_n deliver_v to_o he_o and_o have_v homage_n with_o fealty_n do_v he_o also_o pembroke_n castle_n with_o the_o honour_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v yield_v to_o he_o after_o this_o he_o get_v together_o a_o great_a number_n of_o arm_a man_n resolve_v if_o necessity_n require_v to_o recover_v his_o inheritance_n by_o force_n the_o king_n upon_o this_o change_v his_o thought_n and_o accept_v his_o homage_n and_o fealty_n homage_n the_o king_n accept_v his_o homage_n and_o grant_v he_o all_o his_o right_n take_v only_o
the_o castle_n of_o divise_n under_o the_o custody_n of_o four_o of_o their_o knight_n and_o make_v laurence_n a_o clerc_n of_o st._n alban_n steward_z of_o the_o land_n grant_v he_o who_o have_v be_v a_o faithful_a friend_n and_o great_a comfort_n to_o he_o in_o all_o his_o affliction_n the_o substance_n of_o this_o composition_n or_o judgement_n be_v to_o be_v find_v upon_o record_n though_o it_o do_v not_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o exact_a circumstance_n of_o time_n and_o the_o crime_n object_v in_o every_o punctilio_fw-la during_o this_o transaction_n hitherto_o the_o 152._o the_o append._n n._n 152._o record_n say_v that_o the_o pope_n write_v to_o king_n henry_n to_o correct_v the_o injury_n hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n have_v do_v to_o the_o roman_a chucch_n and_o the_o matter_n the_o see_v before_o for_o this_o matter_n italian_a clerc_n here_o in_o england_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o king_n sâ—nt_v to_o arrest_v his_o body_n and_o bring_v he_o to_o answer_v before_o he_o for_o that_o very_a thing_n especial_o hubert_n have_v notice_n of_o this_o flee_v into_o a_o chapel_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v he_o though_o they_o have_v no_o order_n to_o do_v it_o take_v he_o out_o of_o the_o chapel_n and_o carry_v he_o to_o london_n when_o the_o king_n hear_v of_o this_o be_v desirous_a to_o maintain_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n command_v he_o to_o be_v carry_v back_o to_o the_o same_o chapel_n in_o which_o when_o he_o have_v stay_v many_o day_n he_o be_v ask_v whether_o he_o will_v remain_v in_o the_o chapel_n or_o go_v out_o and_o stand_v trial_n in_o the_o king_n court_n concern_v the_o same_o injury_n and_o other_o which_o shall_v there_o be_v object_v against_o he_o by_o the_o king_n and_o many_o other_o who_o many_o way_n complain_v of_o he_o at_o length_n he_o voluntary_o choose_v to_o come_v out_o and_o stand_v to_o law_n yet_o he_o beg_v the_o king_n mercy_n and_o so_o go_v out_o and_o the_o king_n officer_n that_o be_v there_o present_a receive_v he_o carry_v he_o to_o london_n and_o deliver_v he_o to_o the_o constable_n of_o the_o tower_n the_o king_n not_o satisfy_v send_v stephan_n de_fw-fr segrave_n then_o justiciary_a john_n de_fw-fr lascy_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n brian_n de_fw-fr lisle_n and_o other_o to_o know_v whether_o he_o be_v force_v or_o go_v out_o voluntary_o he_o answer_v he_o go_v out_o free_o and_o not_o for_o want_v of_o victual_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n and_o that_o he_o be_v ashamed_a he_o have_v stay_v there_o so_o long_o then_o the_o king_n command_v he_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o constable_n of_o the_o tower_n that_o he_o may_v come_v free_o to_o his_o court_n and_o so_o he_o come_v to_o cornhul_n in_o london_n upon_o the_o eve_n of_o st._n martin_n and_o appear_v before_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n william_n earl_n warren_n richard_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n john_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n stephan_n segrave_n justiciary_a ralph_n fitz-nicholas_n and_o other_o the_o king_n tenant_n or_o feudatary_n there_o be_v where_o when_o he_o be_v accuse_v he_o will_v make_v no_o defence_n nor_o undergo_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o court_n but_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n pleasure_n concern_v his_o body_n land_n and_o good_n the_o king_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o the_o petition_n of_o hubert_n and_o his_o friend_n and_o relation_n and_o by_o the_o permission_n of_o those_o that_o accuse_v he_o respite_v the_o judgement_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o court_n and_o voluntary_o grant_v he_o these_o term_n that_o have_v deliver_v to_o the_o king_n all_o the_o land_n tenement_n and_o liberty_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la and_o of_o king_n john_n his_o father_n and_o all_o write_n and_o instrument_n that_o concern_v they_o than_o he_o shall_v have_v and_o retain_v the_o land_n and_o tenement_n which_o descend_v to_o he_o from_o his_o antecessor_n and_o all_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n he_o hold_v of_o other_o than_o the_o king_n yet_o so_o as_o he_o shall_v answer_v to_o all_o his_o other_o accuser_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o his_o chattel_n wheresoever_o they_o be_v as_o well_o gold_n silver_n money_n or_o other_o good_n and_o his_o body_n to_o remain_v at_o the_o castle_n of_o divise_n in_o the_o custody_n of_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n william_n earl_n warren_n richard_n marshalâ—_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n and_z john_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n until_o he_o be_v deliver_v by_o the_o commune_fw-la council_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o all_o the_o foresay_a baron_n his_o keeper_n and_o of_o all_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o land_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v by_o any_o way_n or_o mean_n break_v or_o endeavour_v to_o break_v prison_n than_o the_o judgement_n be_v to_o take_v effect_n and_o wheresoever_o or_o by_o whosoever_o he_o shall_v be_v find_v he_o be_v to_o be_v use_v as_o a_o outlaw_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o year_n in_o december_n lewelin_n 153._o lewelin_n append._n n._n 153._o grant_v and_o promise_v to_o stand_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o ralph_n bishop_n of_o chichester_n and_o chancellor_n alexander_z bishop_n of_o lichfield_n and_o coventry_n richard_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n john_n de_fw-fr lascy_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n and_o constable_n of_o chester_n stephan_n de_fw-fr segrave_n justiciary_a of_o england_n and_o ralph_n fitz_n nicholas_n the_o king_n steward_n together_o with_o jolenevet_n lewelin_n steward_n werrenoc_n his_o brother_n iman_n vachan_n and_o david_n a_o clerc_n concern_v amends_o to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o excess_n on_o both_o side_n for_o the_o restitution_n of_o land_n and_o possession_n and_o what_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o damage_n do_v in_o the_o year_n 1233._o king_n henry_n at_o christmas_n counsel_n christmas_n fol._n 384._o n._n 20_o 30_o 40._o a._n d._n 1233._o the_o english_a nobility_n remove_v from_o the_o king_n counsel_n keep_v his_o court_n at_o worcester_n where_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o peter_n bâ—shop_n of_o winchester_n as_o it_o be_v report_v he_o remove_v all_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o nobleman_n from_o his_o council_n and_o will_v trust_v no_o one_o but_o the_o aforesaid_a bishop_n and_z peter_z de_fw-fr rivallis_n his_o kinsman_n so_o that_o the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n be_v commit_v to_o they_o the_o poictovins_n and_o britain_n be_v now_o invite_v into_o england_n vain_a poictovins_n and_o britain_n call_v into_o england_n the_o wardship_n of_o the_o nobility_n commit_v to_o they_o the_o english_a complain_v of_o it_o in_o vain_a and_o there_o come_v over_o 2000_o knight_n and_o servant_n whâ—_n be_v place_v in_o several_a castle_n in_o garrison_n to_o who_o the_o easy_a king_n commit_v the_o wardship_n of_o the_o nobility_n which_o afterward_o much_o degenerate_v through_o the_o ignoble_a marriage_n with_o foreigner_n and_o when_o any_o englishman_n complain_v of_o their_o burden_n and_o oppression_n to_o the_o king_n they_o be_v hinder_v of_o remedy_n through_o the_o powerful_a influence_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n when_o poictovins_n when_o ibid._n n._n 50._o richard_z earl_n marshal_z speak_v bold_o to_o the_o king_n concern_v in_o the_o poictovins_n richard_n earl_n marshal_n see_v both_o the_o noble_a and_o ignoble_a oppress_v and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n lay_v aside_o he_o as_o a_o lover_n of_o justice_n with_o some_o other_o great_a man_n associatis_fw-la sibi_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la go_v bold_o to_o the_o king_n and_o tell_v he_o public_o that_o by_o pernicious_a counsel_n he_o call_v in_o poictovins_n and_o stranger_n to_o the_o great_a oppression_n of_o his_o natural_a man_n and_o violation_n of_o their_o law_n and_o liberty_n wherefore_o they_o humble_o supplicate_v he_o to_o correct_v these_o disorder_n in_o the_o government_n otherwise_o both_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a man_n will_v withdraw_v themselves_o from_o his_o counsel_n so_o long_o as_o he_o make_v use_v of_o foreigner_n to_o who_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n reply_v he_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n answer_n to_o he_o that_o the_o king_n may_v call_v whatsoever_o stranger_n he_o please_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o crown_n and_o also_o such_o and_o so_o many_o as_o may_v reduce_v his_o proud_a and_o rebellious_a subject_n to_o due_a obedience_n when_o the_o marshal_n and_o the_o rest_n hear_v this_o answer_n 2._o answer_n fol._n 385._o lin_v 2._o they_o retire_v from_o court_n promise_v faithful_o to_o stand_v by_o one_o another_o in_o that_o cause_n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la divisionem_fw-la corporis_fw-la &_o anima_fw-la to_o the_o very_a part_n of_o body_n and_o soul_n the_o last_o year_n in_o autumn_n canturbury_n autumn_n ibid._n n._n 40._o the_o pope_n void_v the_o election_n of_o john_n blund_n
greinure_n party_n ne_o ke_n il_fw-fr ne_fw-fr enselera_fw-la ren_fw-it ke_n seit_n en_fw-fr country_n le_fw-fr ordinement_n ke_n est_fw-fr fetch_v et_fw-fr serra_fw-mi a_o fere_n par_fw-fr les_fw-fr vint_fw-fr et_fw-fr quatre_fw-fr u._fw-mi par_fw-fr la_fw-fr greinure_n party_n ne_o ke_n il_fw-fr ne_fw-fr prendra_fw-fr nul_fw-fr loer_fw-mi autrement_fw-fr ke_n il_fw-fr nest_n divise_v as_o autres_fw-fr e_o lem_z li_z baudra_fw-fr un_fw-fr companiun_n en_fw-fr la_fw-fr furme_n ke_n la_fw-fr cunseil_fw-fr purverra_fw-mi that_o be_v this_o the_o chancellor_n of_o england_n do_v swear_v that_o he_o shall_v seal_v no_o writ_n without_o the_o command_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n that_o shall_v be_v presentt_n except_o writ_n of_o england_n the_o oath_n of_o the_o chancellor_n of_o england_n course_n nor_o shall_v seal_v the_o gift_n or_o grant_v of_o a_o great_a ward_n or_o great_a ......_o or_o of_o escheat_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o nor_o that_o he_o shall_v seal_v any_o thing_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o ordinance_n then_o make_v or_o to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o twenty_o four_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o nor_o that_o he_o shall_v take_v any_o reward_n but_o what_o have_v be_v give_v to_o other_o and_o that_o if_o he_o take_v to_o he_o a_o assistant_n or_o deputy_n it_o shall_v be_v according_a to_o a_o form_n provide_v by_o the_o council_n when_o by_o their_o ordinance_n and_o have_v procure_v their_o friend_n to_o be_v make_v governor_n of_o all_o the_o king_n castle_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n in_o the_o nation_n and_o have_v also_o provide_v themselves_o of_o a_o justiciary_a and_o chancellor_n for_o their_o purpose_n and_o bind_v they_o by_o oath_n to_o act_v according_a to_o their_o dictate_v they_o then_o if_o any_o credit_n may_v by_o give_v to_o relation_n to_o f._n 391._o n._n 20._o the_o baron_n practice_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o and_o relation_n math._n westminster_n hold_v continual_a parlement_n take_v to_o themselves_o the_o escheat_n and_o ward_n and_o give_v to_o their_o son_n and_o relation_n all_o church_n in_o the_o patronage_n of_o the_o king_n and_o when_o they_o have_v drive_v the_o king_n brother_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o baronage_n or_o 1â—58_n or_o paris_n f._n 978._o n._n 10._o &_o lib._n additament_n f._n 215._o n._n 30_o 40._o a._n d._n 1â—58_n comunity_n of_o england_n send_v letter_n to_o the_o pope_n to_o excuse_v themselves_o which_o be_v themselves_o be_v append_v n._n 195._o their_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n to_o excuse_v themselves_o to_o this_o effect_n that_o although_o he_o have_v late_o send_v mr._n herlot_n or_o arlot_n his_o sub-deacon_n and_o notary_n who_o admonish_v and_o induce_v they_o to_o assist_v the_o king_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o sicily_n which_o he_o have_v undertake_v without_o their_o advice_n and_o consent_n and_o against_o their_o wi_n yet_o out_o of_o reverence_n to_o he_o and_o the_o holy_a see_v they_o think_v fit_a to_o answer_v that_o if_o by_o their_o advice_n he_o will_v reform_v the_o kingdom_n and_o he_o will_v mitigate_v the_o condition_n contain_v in_o his_o bull_n of_o the_o grant_v of_o sicily_n then_o according_a to_o the_o term_n of_o the_o reformation_n and_o his_o mitigation_n they_o will_v effectual_o help_v he_o but_o when_o the_o king_n have_v consent_v to_o choose_v twelve_o and_o that_o they_o shall_v choose_v twelve_o other_o by_o who_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v he_o name_v adomar_n the_o elect_a of_o winchester_n and_o his_o brother_n in_o the_o number_n of_o his_o twelve_o and_o that_o they_o but_o more_o especial_o the_o elect_n dissuade_v the_o king_n from_o consent_v to_o their_o ordinance_n and_o encourage_v prince_n edward_n and_o some_o of_o the_o nobility_n to_o oppose_v they_o so_o as_o they_o delay_v the_o reformation_n and_o they_o also_o signify_v to_o the_o pope_n that_o their_o offence_n be_v so_o great_a as_o the_o cry_n of_o the_o poor_a ascend_v to_o heaven_n against_o they_o that_o their_o minister_n and_o officer_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v call_v thief_n and_o ruffian_n who_o prey_v upon_o the_o poor_a ensnare_v the_o simple_a move_v the_o wicked_a oppress_v the_o innocent_a triumph_v in_o the_o worst_a action_n and_o rejoice_v when_o they_o have_v do_v ill_o they_o therefore_o consider_v a_o commonwealth_n be_v a_o certain_a body_n that_o grow_v up_o by_o divine_a beneficence_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o expedient_a there_o shall_v be_v clash_v among_o the_o member_n of_o the_o same_o body_n make_v the_o king_n call_v the_o say_v elect_a and_o his_o brother_n as_o perturber_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n to_o answer_v their_o accuser_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o so_o as_o if_o they_o desire_v it_o they_o may_v have_v leave_n to_o depart_v who_o rather_o than_o they_o will_v stand_v to_o or_o undergo_v the_o rigour_n of_o justice_n go_v out_o of_o the_o nation_n and_o they_o declare_v their_o intention_n to_o hinder_v the_o elect_a from_o return_v again_o who_o they_o say_v be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o their_o disturbance_n and_o will_v certain_o undo_v what_o they_o have_v have_v take_v so_o much_o pain_n to_o do_v by_o infatuate_a the_o king_n and_o his_o son_n edward_n if_o he_o come_v again_o and_o at_o length_n heap_v more_o crime_n upon_o he_o as_o that_o he_o damnable_o violate_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n imprison_a man_n and_o wound_a clerc_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o imprison_a they_o beseech_v his_o holiness_n whole_o to_o remove_v he_o from_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o church_n of_o winchester_n by_o the_o fullness_n of_o his_o power_n he_o have_v receive_v it_o by_o the_o munificence_n of_o the_o apostolic_a see_n lest_o worse_a thing_n may_v happen_v and_o they_o his_o most_o devote_a supplicant_n be_v force_v to_o do_v it_o otherwise_o and_o tell_v he_o for_o certain_a that_o though_o the_o king_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v willing_a he_o shall_v return_v yet_o the_o comunity_n will_v in_o no_o wise_a permit_v his_o entrance_n and_o that_o he_o may_v be_v remove_v without_o scandal_n see_v he_o be_v not_o consecrate_a bishop_n to_o these_o letter_n eleven_o person_n put_v to_o their_o seal_n and_o witness_v they_o on_o behalf_n and_o in_o the_o stead_n of_o the_o whole_a comunity_n letter_n eleven_o person_n put_v their_o seal_n to_o this_o letter_n of_o these_o eleven_o eight_o be_v of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o twenty_o four_o reformer_n viz._n richard_z of_o clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o hertford_n simon_n montfort_n earl_n of_o leicester_n roger_n bigod_n marescal_n of_o england_n humphrey_n bohun_n earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o essex_n john_n de_fw-fr placeto_fw-la earl_n of_o warwick_n hugh_n bigod_n justiciary_a of_o england_n john_n fitz-geofry_a peter_n montfort_n the_o other_o three_o be_v of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o fifteen_o of_o the_o king_n council_n choose_v by_o four_o of_o the_o twenty_o four_o viz._n william_n de_fw-fr fortibus_fw-la earl_n of_o albemarl_n peter_n of_o savoy_n earl_n of_o râ—chmond_n james_n aldithley_n or_o audeley_n the_o great_a man_n men._n man_n paris_n additam_fw-la f._n 217._o n._n 30_o 40_o 50._o four_o knight_n send_v to_o the_o pope_n with_o this_o letter_n from_o the_o great_a men._n fear_v lest_o the_o elect_a of_o winchester_n shall_v make_v haste_n to_o rome_n and_o by_o the_o promise_n of_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o cardinal_n procure_v his_o consecration_n that_o so_o he_o may_v more_o effectual_o hurt_v they_o send_v four_o skilful_a eloquent_a knight_n man_n of_o worth_n and_o credit_n to_o present_v this_o epistle_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o whole_a roman_a court_n with_o further_a instruction_n to_o calumniate_v the_o king_n brother_n who_o when_o they_o have_v full_o declare_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o errand_n to_o the_o pope_n they_o add_v other_o offence_n and_o great_a wickedness_n the_o elect_a and_o the_o other_o have_v commit_v that_o be_v to_o say_v brother_n their_o complaint_n against_o the_o king_n half_a brother_n homicide_n or_o murder_n rapine_n oppression_n and_o injury_n and_o that_o the_o king_n will_v not_o restrain_v their_o violence_n nor_o do_v they_o omit_v to_o tell_v the_o pope_n of_o one_o great_a injury_n they_o do_v to_o mr._n eustace_n of_o len_n the_o archbishop_n of_o canturbury_n official_a for_o which_o all_o present_a when_o it_o be_v do_v be_v excommunicate_v through_o all_o the_o province_n of_o canturbury_n and_o at_o oxford_n before_o the_o baron_n the_o that_o be_v the_o university_n of_o baron_n university_n and_o they_o further_o tell_v the_o pope_n that_o one_o of_o the_o brother_n geofry_n of_o lesignan_n roast_v the_o king_n
capiemus_fw-la bosoum_fw-la alienum_fw-la ad_fw-la castra_fw-la vel_fw-la agenda_fw-la nostra_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la ill_a we_o cujus_fw-la boscus_fw-la ille_fw-la fuerit_fw-la no_o proper_a cart_n of_o any_o ecclesiastic_a person_n or_o knight_n or_o lady_n shall_v be_v take_v by_o our_o officer_n neither_o shall_v we_o or_o our_o officer_n or_o other_o take_v any_o other_o man_n timber_n or_o wood_n for_o our_o castle_n or_o other_o use_n unless_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n xl._n nos_fw-la autem_fw-la non_fw-la tenebimus_fw-la terras_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la convicti_fw-la fuerint_fw-la de_fw-la felonia_n nisi_fw-la per_fw-la unum_fw-la annum_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o tunc_fw-la reddantur_fw-la terrae_fw-la dominis_n feudorum_fw-la we_o will_v hold_v the_o land_n of_o those_o which_o be_v convict_v of_o felony_n but_o one_o year_n and_o one_o day_n and_o then_o they_o shall_v be_v render_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n xli_o omnes_fw-la kidelli_n de_fw-la caetero_fw-la deponantur_fw-la penitùs_fw-la per_fw-la tamisiam_fw-la &_o per_fw-la medewisiam_fw-la &_o per_fw-la totam_fw-la angliam_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la costam_fw-la maris_fw-la all_o wear_v for_o the_o future_a shall_v be_v destroy_v in_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o medwey_n and_o through_o all_o england_n unless_o upon_o the_o sea-coast_n xlii_o breve_fw-la quod_fw-la voco_fw-la praecipe_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la non_fw-la fiat_fw-la alicui_fw-la de_fw-la aliquo_fw-la tenemento_fw-it unde_fw-la libre_fw-la hâ—mo_fw-la perdat_fw-la causam_fw-la svam_fw-la the_o writ_n which_o be_v call_v praecipe_fw-la for_o the_o future_a shall_v not_o be_v grant_v to_o any_o one_o of_o any_o tenement_n whereby_o a_o freeman_n may_v lose_v his_o cause_n or_o rather_o his_o court_n vnde_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la possit_fw-la amittere_fw-la this_o writ_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v such_o as_o will_v take_v the_o cause_n or_o trial_n of_o right_n out_o of_o the_o lord_n court_n where_o all_o title_n of_o right_n be_v ancient_o try_v and_o this_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v a_o lord_n of_o a_o manner_n that_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o lose_v his_o court_n by_o this_o writ_n by_o have_v trial_n of_o right_o take_v from_o it_o curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o mss._n collegii_fw-la corp._n christi_fw-la cantab._n xliii_o una_fw-la mensura_fw-la vini_fw-la &_o cervisiae_fw-la sit_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o una_fw-la mensura_fw-la bladi_fw-la scilicet_fw-la quarterium_fw-la londinense_n et_fw-la una_fw-la latitudo_fw-la pannorum_fw-la tinctorum_fw-la &_o russeccorum_fw-la &_o haubergetorum_fw-la scilicet_fw-la dvae_fw-la ulnae_fw-la infra_fw-la listas_fw-la de_fw-fr ponderibus_fw-la vero_fw-la sit_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la mensuris_fw-la there_o shall_v be_v one_o measure_n of_o wine_n and_o ale_n through_o our_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o one_o measure_n of_o grain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o london-quarter_n and_o one_o breadth_n of_o dyed_n clothes_n and_o russet_n and_o haberject_n that_o be_v to_o say_v two_o ell_n within_o the_o list_n and_o the_o weight_n shall_v be_v as_o the_o measure_n xliv_o nihil_fw-la detur_fw-la in_o the_o same_o manuscript_n vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la de_fw-la cetero_fw-la pro_fw-la brevi_fw-la inquisitionis_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la qui_fw-la inquisitionem_fw-la petit_fw-la de_fw-la vita_fw-la vel_fw-la membris_fw-la sed_fw-la gratis_o concedatur_fw-la &_o non_fw-la negetur_fw-la nothing_o shall_v be_v give_v or_o take_v for_o the_o future_a for_o a_o writ_n of_o inquisition_n from_o he_o that_o desire_v a_o inquisition_n of_o life_n or_o limb_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v gratis_o and_o not_o deny_v xlv_o si_fw-mi aliquis_fw-la teneat_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la feudi_fw-la firmam_fw-la vel_fw-la socagium_fw-la vel_fw-la bungagium_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr alio_fw-la teneat_fw-la terram_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militis_fw-la nos_fw-la non_fw-la habebimus_fw-la custodiam_fw-la haeredis_fw-la vel_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la quae_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la feudo_fw-la alterius_fw-la occasione_n illius_fw-la feudi_fw-la firmae_fw-la vel_fw-la socagii_fw-la vel_fw-la burgagii_fw-la nec_fw-la habebimus_fw-la custodiam_fw-la illius_fw-la feudi_fw-la firmae_fw-la vel_fw-la socagii_fw-la vel_fw-la burgagii_fw-la nisi_fw-la ipsa_fw-la feudi_fw-la firma_fw-la debeat_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la if_o any_o one_o hold_v of_o we_o by_o or_o in_o fee-farm_n soccage_n or_o burgage_n and_o hold_v land_n of_o another_o by_o military_a service_n we_o will_v not_o have_v the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o land_n which_o be_v of_o or_o belong_v to_o another_o man_n fee_n by_o reason_n of_o what_o he_o hold_v of_o we_o in_o fee-farm_n soccage_n or_o burgage_n nor_o will_v we_o have_v the_o wardship_n or_o custody_n of_o that_o fee-farm_n soccage_n or_o burgage_n unless_o the_o fee-farm_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v military_a service_n xlvi_o nos_fw-la non_fw-la tenebimus_fw-la custodiam_fw-la haeredis_fw-la vel_fw-la terrae_fw-la alicujus_fw-la quam_fw-la tenet_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la occasione_n alicujus_fw-la parvae_fw-la serganteriae_fw-la quam_fw-la tenet_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la reddendi_fw-la cultellos_fw-la vel_fw-la sagittas_fw-la vel_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la we_o will_v not_o hold_v the_o wardship_n of_o a_o heir_n or_o any_o land_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o another_o by_o military_a service_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o petit_fw-la or_o small_a serjeanty_n he_o hold_v of_o we_o by_o the_o service_n of_o give_v we_o dagger_n or_o arrow_n or_o the_o like_o xlvii_o nullus_fw-la ballivus_fw-la ponat_fw-la aliquom_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la ad_fw-la legem_fw-la nec_fw-la â—d_a juramentum_fw-la simplici_fw-la loquela_fw-la sva_fw-la sine_fw-la testibus_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la inductis_fw-la no_o bailiff_n or_o officer_n for_o the_o future_a shall_v bring_v any_o man_n under_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o law_n nor_o to_o his_o oath_n i._n e._n purgation_n or_o canonical_a purgation_n by_o his_o oath_n upon_o his_o single_a accusation_n or_o testimony_n without_o credible_a and_o honest_a witness_n produce_v to_o prove_v it_o xlviii_o nullus_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la capiatur_fw-la vel_fw-la imprisonetur_fw-la aut_fw-la disseisietur_fw-la de_fw-la aliquo_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la vel_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la vel_fw-la liberis_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la suis_fw-la aut_fw-la utlagetur_fw-la aut_fw-la exulet_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquo_fw-la alio_fw-la modo_fw-la q._n whether_o not_o destruatur_fw-la destituatur_fw-la nec_fw-la super_fw-la eum_fw-la ibimus_fw-la nec_fw-la eum_fw-la in_o carcere_fw-la mittemus_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la legale_fw-la judicium_fw-la parium_fw-la suorum_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o free_a tenement_n or_o liberty_n or_o free_a custom_n or_o outlawed_n or_o banish_v or_o any_o way_n destroy_v nor_o will_v we_o pass_v upon_o he_o or_o commit_v he_o to_o prison_n unless_o by_o the_o legal_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n i._n e._n by_o legal_a process_n etc._n etc._n xlix_o nulli_fw-la vendemus_fw-la nulli_fw-la negabimus_fw-la aut_fw-la differemus_fw-la rectum_fw-la vel_fw-la justitiam_fw-la we_o will_v not_o sell_v to_o any_o man_n we_o will_v not_o deny_v any_o man_n or_o delay_v right_o or_o justice_n l._n omnes_fw-la mercatores_fw-la nisi_fw-la publicae_fw-la prohibiti_fw-la fuerint_fw-la habeant_fw-la salvum_fw-la &_o securum_fw-la there_o want_v the_o word_n conductum_fw-la exire_fw-la de_fw-fr anglia_fw-it &_o venire_fw-la in_o angliam_fw-la &_o morari_fw-la &_o ire_n tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la aquam_fw-la ad_fw-la emendum_fw-la vel_fw-la vendendum_fw-la sine_fw-la omnibus_fw-la toltis_fw-la malis_fw-la per_fw-la antiquas_fw-la &_o rectas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la praeterquam_fw-la in_o tempore_fw-la werrae_fw-la &_o si_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-fr terra_fw-la contra_fw-la nos_fw-la werrina_fw-la all_o merchant_n unless_o they_o be_v public_o prohibit_v shall_v have_v safe_a and_o secure_a conduct_n to_o go_v out_o of_o and_o come_v into_o england_n and_o to_o stay_v there_o and_o pass_v as_o well_o by_o land_n as_o by_o water_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v by_o the_o ancient_a and_o allow_v custom_n only_o without_o any_o male-tolts_a i._n e._n illegal_a exaction_n except_o in_o time_n of_o war_n or_o when_o they_o shall_v be_v of_o any_o nation_n in_o war_n with_o we_o li._n et_fw-la si_fw-la tale_n inveniantur_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la nostra_fw-la in_o principio_fw-la warrae_n attachientur_fw-la sine_fw-la damno_fw-la corporum_fw-la vel_fw-la rerum_fw-la donec_fw-la sciatur_fw-la à _fw-la nobis_fw-la vel_fw-la à _fw-la capitali_fw-la justitiario_n nostro_fw-la quomodo_fw-la mercatores_fw-la terrae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la tractentur_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la contra_fw-la nos_fw-la werrina_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la nostri_fw-la salui_fw-la sint_fw-la ibi_fw-la alii_fw-la salui_fw-la sint_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la nostra_fw-la and_o if_o there_o be_v find_v such_o merchant_n in_o our_o land_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o war_n they_o shall_v be_v attach_v or_o secure_v without_o damage_n to_o their_o body_n or_o good_n while_o it_o may_v be_v know_v from_o we_o or_o our_o chief_a justiciary_a how_o our_o merchant_n be_v deal_v with_o in_o that_o nation_n in_o war_n with_o we_o and_o if_o we_o be_v safe_a there_o they_o shall_v be_v safe_a in_o our_o land_n lii_o liceat_fw-la unicuique_fw-la de_fw-la
pass_v but_o with_o his_o consent_n and_o advise_v that_o be_v nothing_o can_v be_v seal_v without_o his_o allowance_n or_o privity_n as_o it_o there_o appear_v but_o the_o justiciary_a surmount_v he_o and_o all_o other_o in_o his_o authority_n and_o he_o 331._o he_o spelm._n gloss_n f._n l._n 331._o alone_o be_v endow_v with_o and_o exercise_v all_o the_o power_n which_o afterward_o be_v execute_v by_o the_o four_o chief_a judge_n that_o be_v the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n the_o chief_a justice_n of_o common-plea_n 1234._o steph._n segrave_n mat._n paris_n a._n d._n 1234._o chief_a baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n as_o sir_n ibidem_fw-la sir_n ibidem_fw-la henry_n spelman_n make_v it_o out_o by_o the_o article_n exhibit_v against_o hubert_n de_fw-fr burgo_n there_o cite_v out_o of_o mat._n 50._o mat._n fol._n 376._o n._n 30_o 40_o 50._o paris_n and_o other_o instance_n sup_n instance_n spâ—lm_n gloss_n ut_fw-la sup_n the_o baron_n by_o right_a of_o dignity_n in_o all_o case_n many_o other_o by_o right_a of_o tenure_n and_o most_o by_o privilege_n grant_v by_o chartre_n be_v not_o to_o be_v implead_v for_o their_o land_n and_o tenement_n but_o before_o the_o king_n or_o his_o capital_a justiciary_a some_o remain_v there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n kings-bench_n there_o remain_v somewhat_o of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o old_a justiciary_a in_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n of_o this_o great_a office_n in_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n all_o england_n as_o to_o keep_v the_o king_n peace_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o some_o other_o matter_n be_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o be_v style_v chief_a justice_n of_o england_n this_o great_a officer_n have_v his_o original_a from_o 332_o from_o spelm._n gloss_n fol._n 332_o normandy_n and_o be_v the_o same_o in_o power_n and_o office_n with_o the_o ancient_a ancient_a from_o the_o teutonick_n sehen_fw-ge or_o saxon_a theon_n to_o see_v videre_fw-la inspicere_fw-la &_o scale_n servus_n or_o minister_n as_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a minister_n or_o inspector_n of_o the_o family_n major_n domus_fw-la dapiser_n verbo_fw-la scon._n somn._fw-la gloss_n in_o verbo_fw-la or_o seneschallus_fw-la and_o so_o from_o this_o great_a service_n and_o general_a employment_n call_v seneschallus_fw-la normaniae_fw-la seneschal_n thereof_o or_o very_o like_o he_o ancient_o there_o be_v wont_a say_v the_o 10._o the_o c._n 10._o grand_a custom_n of_o normandy_n a_o certain_a superior_a justice_n call_v the_o prince_n his_o seneschal_n to_o travel_v and_o pass_v through_o all_o normandy_n 384._o the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o justiciary_a which_o name_n we_o receive_v from_o normandy_n grand_fw-fr cust_n c._n 384._o he_o correct_v the_o delinquence_n of_o inferior_a justiciaries_n take_v care_n of_o and_o secure_v the_o prince_n his_o land_n cause_v to_o be_v observe_v the_o right_n and_o law_n of_o normandy_n and_o rectify_v what_o have_v be_v less_o just_o do_v by_o the_o bailiff_n and_o remove_v they_o from_o their_o office_n if_o he_o think_v it_o convenient_a he_o also_o inquire_v into_o the_o usage_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o forest_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v every_o three_o year_n he_o pass_v through_o and_o perambulate_v every_o part_n of_o normandy_n and_o visit_v every_o every_o baylywic_a be_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o normandy_n 4_o bayly_n and_o balywic_n what_o si_fw-mi inventus_fw-la saerit_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la sva_fw-la grand_fw-fr cust_n c._n 4_o answerable_a to_o our_o county_n have_v respect_n to_o that_o province_n and_o hence_o that_o expression_n in_o the_o king_n suit_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o a_o county_n or_o shire_n it_o be_v great_a than_o a_o viscount_n and_o contain_v many_o of_o they_o the_o bailiff_n be_v a_o officer_n appoint_v by_o the_o prince_n and_o have_v great_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o great_a cause_n than_o the_o viscount_n he_o be_v judge_n of_o and_o have_v power_n to_o hold_v assize_n in_o his_o balliage_n to_o keep_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o hold_v plea_n of_o the_o sword_n or_o crown_n and_o have_v cognizance_n of_o arm_n and_o arm_v the_o people_n baylywic_a and_o inquire_v into_o all_o the_o excess_n and_o injury_n do_v there_o by_o sub-justiciaries_a he_o likewise_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o public_a thief_n rape_n murder_n burn_n or_o fireing_n of_o house_n and_o all_o other_o plea_n of_o the_o sword_n or_o as_o we_o call_v it_o the_o crown_n of_o treasure_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n mine_n wreck_n watercourse_n change_v or_o not_o keep_v highway_n change_v or_o stop_v up_o etc._n etc._n do_v right_o in_o all_o these_o and_o many_o more_o thing_n there_o enumerate_v this_o great_a officer_n be_v also_o general_n viceroy_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n and_o sometime_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o follow_a history_n office_n the_o determination_n of_o this_o great_a office_n this_o mighty_a office_n of_o justiciary_a receive_v many_o gradual_a diminution_n and_o at_o length_n determine_v about_o the_o 20._o the_o dugd._n origin_n jurid_a fol._n 20._o 45_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o there_o be_v afterward_o a_o chief_a justice_n in_o each_o court_n of_o kings-bench_n and_o common-plea_n appoint_a 334._o appoint_a spel._n gloss_n fol._n 334._o man_n less_o eminent_a in_o quality_n not_o of_o the_o high_a nobility_n or_o great_a order_n in_o the_o church_n without_o great_a alliance_n in_o blood_n and_o a_o numerous_a train_n of_o client_n and_o follower_n less_o popular_a and_o so_o less_o factious_a and_o more_o easy_o to_o be_v command_v by_o the_o prince_n yet_o more_o know_v in_o the_o law_n which_o by_o this_o time_n be_v become_v a_o ibidem_fw-la a_o ibidem_fw-la very_a sublime_a mystery_n very_o intricate_a and_o involve_a norman_n inferior_a ministerial_a officer_n all_o norman_n for_o other_o inferior_a ministerial_a officer_n earls_z viscount_n bailiff_n lord_n of_o hundred_o and_o manner_n before_o who_o title_n and_o cause_n of_o small_a consequence_n be_v try_v it_o be_v evident_a they_o be_v all_o norman_n none_o but_o they_o enjoy_v any_o considerable_a land_n liberty_n or_o jurisdiction_n as_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o that_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o catalogue_n of_o proprietor_n in_o 10_o in_o append._n n._n 10_o doomsday_n book_n or_o have_v well_o consider_v what_o gervasius_n 23._o gervasius_n l._n 1._o c._n 23._o tilburiensis_n say_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr necessariis_fw-la scaccarii_fw-la observandis_fw-la to_o that_o purpose_n a_o person_n beyond_o exception_n be_v a_o officer_n in_o the_o exchequer_n which_o court_n then_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n in_o england_n one_o way_n or_o other_o nor_o be_v the_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n of_o those_o time_n in_o all_o probability_n other_o than_o norman_n for_o than_o they_o be_v most_o if_o not_o all_o 21._o all_o dugd._n origin_n jurid_a fol._n 21._o clergyman_n and_o so_o be_v they_o in_o normandy_n as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o 9_o the_o c._n 9_o grand-customer_n where_o it_o be_v say_v the_o judge_n be_v sage_a person_n and_o authentic_a which_o in_o court_n give_v judgement_n of_o those_o thing_n they_o have_v hear_v as_o archbishop_n normandy_n clergyman_n judge_n and_o lawyer_n in_o normandy_n bishop_n canon_n of_o cathedral_n church_n and_o other_o dignify_a person_n abbot_n prior_n and_o rector_n of_o church_n famous_a for_o their_o honesty_n and_o piety_n and_o the_o most_o of_o the_o great_a clergyman_n in_o this_o nation_n then_o as_o bishop_n dignify_a person_n abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n be_v norman_n william_n 1070._o william_n hoved._n fol._n 259._o b._n n._n 30_o 40._o a._n d._n 1070._o deprive_v very_o many_o of_o the_o english_a of_o their_o ecclesiastic_a honour_n and_o put_v those_o of_o his_o own_o nation_n into_o their_o place_n as_o a_o mean_n to_o confirm_v he_o in_o his_o new_a acquest_n and_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o great_a number_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o well_o regular_a as_o secular_a come_v over_o with_o they_o who_o be_v exercise_v in_o the_o controversy_n of_o the_o norman_a law_n for_o confirmation_n whereof_o there_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n rufus_n so_o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n lawyer_n that_o pleader_n that_o fol._n 69._o b._n n._n 10._o all_o clerk_n pleader_n malmesbury_n say_v there_o be_v nullus_fw-la clericus_fw-la nisi_fw-la causidicus_fw-la no_o clerk_n which_o be_v not_o a_o pleader_n if_o therefore_o the_o justiciaries_n chancellor_n earl_n sheriff_n lord_n of_o manner_n such_o as_o hear_v cause_n and_o give_v judgement_n be_v norman_n if_o the_o lawyer_n and_o pleader_n be_v also_o norman_n the_o plead_n and_o judgement_n in_o their_o several_a court_n must_v of_o necessity_n
have_v be_v in_o that_o language_n and_o the_o law_n also_o otherwise_o they_o have_v say_v and_o do_v they_o know_v not_o what_o especial_o when_o the_o controversy_n be_v determine_v by_o military-man_n earl_n or_o count_n sheriff_n or_o viscount_n and_o lord_n of_o manner_n that_o understand_v not_o the_o english_a tongue_n or_o when_o the_o chief_a justiciary_a himself_n be_v a_o military-man_n as_o it_o often_o happen_v and_o understand_v only_o the_o norman_a language_n for_o this_o reason_n tongue_n why_o all_o plead_n be_v in_o the_o french_a tongue_n and_o no_o other_o it_o be_v that_o all_o plead_n etc._n etc._n be_v in_o the_o norman-french_n until_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o 15._o in_o 36_o edw._n 3._o c._n 15._o edward_n the_o three_o time_n they_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n but_o enter_v and_o enrol_v in_o latin_a save_v that_o the_o ancient_a term_n in_o law_n may_v still_o be_v retain_v in_o that_o language_n as_o be_v more_o apt_a report_n apt_a sir_n john_n davis_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o irish_a report_n and_o significant_a than_o in_o any_o other_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o obscure_a argument_n that_o the_o law_n of_o this_o nation_n except_o such_o as_o have_v be_v alter_v or_o introduce_v by_o our_o king_n and_o great_a council_n or_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v for_o the_o great_a and_o chief_a part_n of_o they_o the_o norman_a law_n and_o bring_v in_o or_o institute_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n the_o subject_a next_o to_o be_v treat_v of_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v law_n no_o nation_n govern_v mere_o by_o one_o law_n that_o ever_o any_o nation_n enjoy_v one_o simple_a law_n by_o its_o self_n pure_a and_o unmixed_a with_o some_o of_o the_o usage_n and_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n especial_o such_o as_o have_v be_v often_o overrun_v and_o conquer_v which_o do_v common_o retain_v somewhat_o they_o receive_v from_o all_o their_o new_a master_n for_o conqueror_n seldom_o 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also_o there_o affirm_v that_o germany_n ancient_o comprehend_v danemarke_n sweden_n norway_n finmark_n the_o cimbric_n peninsula_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o all_o or_o most_o of_o those_o nation_n speak_v the_o same_o language_n in_o a_o different_a dialect_n neighbour_n by_o situation_n have_v the_o same_o language_n only_o differ_v in_o dialect_n and_o communicate_v in_o many_o rite_n and_o usage_n nay_o joint_o conquer_v both_o this_o country_n and_o neustria_n in_o france_n normandy_n they_o be_v not_o people_n of_o one_o nation_n that_o conquer_a england_n and_o normandy_n afterward_o call_v normandy_n for_o they_o be_v not_o entire_o saxon_n dane_n or_o norwegian_n or_o of_o one_o nation_n that_o make_v these_o conquest_n although_o their_o great_a leader_n and_o the_o great_a number_n of_o any_o one_o nation_n may_v be_v such_o but_o a_o mixture_n of_o all_o these_o and_o several_a other_o people_n of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o germany_n yet_o that_o the_o bulk_n and_o main_n of_o our_o law_n law_n the_o main_a of_o our_o law_n be_v norman_a law_n or_o at_o least_o very_a different_a usage_n of_o they_o be_v bring_v hither_o from_o normandy_n by_o the_o conqueror_n such_o as_o be_v in_o use_n and_o practice_n here_o for_o some_o age_n after_o the_o conquest_n be_v without_o question_n tenor_n and_o our_o tenor_n for_o from_o whence_o we_o receive_v our_o tenor_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v of_o estate_n in_o every_o respect_n from_o thence_o we_o also_o receive_v the_o custom_n incident_a to_o those_o estate_n as_o relief_n aid_n fines_n rent_n or_o cens_n service_n etc._n etc._n and_o likewise_o the_o quality_n of_o they_o be_v most_o of_o they_o feudal_n and_o enjoy_v under_o several_a military_a condition_n and_o service_n and_o of_o necessary_a consequence_n from_o thence_o we_o must_v receive_v the_o law_n also_o by_o which_o these_o tenor_n and_o the_o custom_n incident_a to_o they_o be_v regulate_v and_o by_o which_o every_o man_n right_a in_o such_o estate_n be_v secure_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o 1037_o see_v grand_fw-fr custom_n throughout_o and_o scriptor_n norm_a 1037_o but_o from_o normandy_n and_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o conqueror_n we_o receive_v most_o if_o not_o all_o our_o ancient_a tenor_n and_o manner_n of_o hold_v and_o enjoy_v our_o land_n and_o estate_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o compare_v our_o ancient_a tenor_n with_o they_o first_o concern_v fee_n the_o learned_a conqueror_n learned_a gloss_n fol._n 218._o col_fw-fr 1_o the_o servitude_n of_o fee_n bring_v in_o by_o the_o conqueror_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n tell_v we_o william_n the_o conqueror_n bring_v over_o the_o servitude_n of_o they_o into_o england_n who_o divide_v all_o england_n among_o his_o great_a man_n and_o chief_a commander_n and_o this_o he_o say_v appear_v from_o give_v from_o see_v append._n n._n â—0_n where_o be_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o norman_n in_o every_o county_n to_o who_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v give_v doomesday-book_n and_o after_o that_o the_o bondage_n of_o fee_n be_v know_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o hear_v of_o before_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n 112._o time_n summoner_n gavel_n p._n 102._o berault_n on_o cust_n norman_n fol._n 112._o the_o word_n beneficium_fw-la or_o praedium_fw-la be_v ancient_o use_v for_o feodum_fw-la which_o be_v not_o use_v in_o any_o nation_n or_o country_n until_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n from_o our_o saviour_n incarnation_n c._n incarnation_n dudo_fw-la sti._n quint._n decan_n fol._n 34._o c._n rex_fw-la viz._n galliae_fw-la quoque_fw-la adjecit_fw-la donationi_fw-la quam_fw-la prius_fw-la rolloni_n donaverat_fw-la totam_fw-la britanniam_fw-la ut_fw-la per_fw-la hoc_fw-la etiam_fw-la beneficium_fw-la efficeret_fw-la illum_fw-la sibi_fw-la fidelissimum_fw-la vassallum_fw-la b_o vassallum_fw-la in_o lib._n the_o feud_n disp_n c._n 5._o b_o hottoman_n say_v beneficium_fw-la datur_fw-la propter_fw-la officium_fw-la quo_fw-la verbo_fw-la demonstratur_fw-la feudale_n officium_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la militare_fw-la &_o bellicum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la and_o so_o b_o so_o dudo_fw-la ut_fw-la supra_fw-la f._n 85._o a._n b_o rollo_n upon_o his_o acquest_n of_o normandy_n after_o have_v give_v a_o portion_n to_o the_o church_n divide_v normandy_n and_o measure_v it_o out_o to_o his_o chieftain_n and_o and_o time_n a_o sort_n of_o bondman_n or_o servi_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n not_o but_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o bondman_n or_o villain_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n they_o have_v their_o ceorl_n or_o gubures_n their_o rustic_n ploughman_n and_o servi_n but_o here_o he_o speak_v to_o and_o mean_v the_o manner_n of_o servitude_n which_o come_v from_o normandy_n vassal_n b._n vassal_n ib._n f._n 86._o b._n and_o in_o his_o old_a age_n he_o call_v they_o together_o and_o cause_v they_o to_o put_v their_o hand_n between_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o son_n william_n military_a fee_n original_o military_a by_o popa_n to_o who_o he_o have_v give_v his_o country_n and_o bind_v they_o to_o he_o by_o oath_n or_o procure_v they_o to_o swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o 1620._o he_o f._n 1._o print_v at_o râ—ven_n 1620._o mounsieur_fw-fr berault_n upon_o the_o custom_n of_o normandy_n say_v the_o origin_n and_o antiquity_n of_o their_o custom_n be_v not_o certain_a but_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a they_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o norman_n that_o conquer_a neustria_n english_a the_o conqueror_n give_v norman_a law_n to_o the_o english_a and_o establish_v there_o by_o they_o and_o that_o by_o the_o example_n of_o rollo_n william_n the_o conqueror_n give_v the_o law_n of_o normandy_n in_o the_o norman_a language_n to_o the_o vanquish_a english_a ibidem_fw-la english_a ibidem_fw-la yet_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o chapter_n of_o fief_n he_o report_v from_o coquill_n upon_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o nevernois_n and_o du_n hailan_n that_o they_o be_v first_o hear_v of_o in_o gallia_n when_o the_o franc_n