before the said king of Spaine had any right in the kingdome of Portingal for the which cause it is not here set downe but shall hereafter follow particularly by it selfe together with the pettigrée of the kings of Portingale brieflie and truly described by coppies receiued from the officers of those countries the whole summe of all the rents reuenewes c. afore specified and set downe doe amount vnto yearely the summe of 47 31 Q. 329. V. 880. Spanish monie which amounteth in English monie to the summe of three millions foure hundreth thréescore and nintéene thousand nine hundreth and seauentéene pounds fiue shillinges and nine pence which is the full summe of all his receites Portingale excepted which now is in the said kinges handes as hereafter followeth The kingdomes that are comprehended vnder the name of Spaine or Castillia are these Leon Arragon Castillia Nauarre Granado Tolledo Valencia Seuillia Cordoua Murcien Iaen Gallicia Gibraltar and Catalonia which are 14. in number and in times past were euerie one a Kingdome apart yet hold the name the Kingdomes Prouinces and Townes which are called to any counsell or assemblie in the Court of Spaine and therein doe giue their voices are the Kingdomes of Leon Seuillia Tolledo Granado Cordoma Murcien and Iaen The townes called chiefe townes or Cities which are Bishoprickes are Burgos Saâ—amanca Segouia Soria Auila Cuenca Toro Zamora Guadalaxara the townes that are no chiefe townes nor Bishoprickes and are called townes whether they lie walled or not of these but two of them haue any voices which are Valla Dolid and Madrid the other kingdomes as Arragon Nauarre Valencia and Catalonia c. haue their Viceroyes Gouernours apart holding Parlements or Courts by themselues alwaies referred to the King of Spaines order and direction as the kingdomes of Naples and Cicilia with the Dukedome of Millan c. The 3. Chapter A briefe discourse of the notablest and memorablest things situation gouernment and reuenewes of the kingdome of Portingale called Lusitanea THe kingdome of Portingale is in coÌ„passe 285. miles that is on the sea coast 135 miles and by land 150. miles There are 1â— Townes in Portingale that are called Citties which title no Towne may beare but such as are Bishoprickes vnles it be by speciall licence from the King himselfe all the rest are called Townes whether they haue walles or not whereof there are many of these townes and Castles There are in Portingale 4â—0 besides villages it hath 3. principall hauens or riuers which are Lisbone Porto and Seruual and other thrée in the land of Algarue which is also vnder the Crowne of Portingale which are Tauilla Lagâ—s and Villa Noua the key or defence of the riuer and towne of Lisbone is the Castle of Saint Iulian by the Neatherlanders called Saint Gilles which lieth on the first enterance of the riuer called Tegio in latine Tagus one of the most famous riuers of all Europe The 4. Chapter Of the Iustice and gouernement in Lisbone and throughout all Portingale FIrst there is the Tribunale called the ciuill Court or Law whereof the chiefe Iudge is the Regidoer that is the ruler in the kinges behalfe with two other Iudges then the Tribunale or Court for criminall causes with two Iudges an Auditor or receauer of the kinges customes called the Alfandega a Iudge of Equitie for euerie mans proprieties or own reuenewes eight Iudges of the Weesen a Iudge of the Hospitals a chiefe Iudge called Correcteur of the thinges and causes of India Guinea Capo verde Saint Thomas and Brasilia from all these Courtes they may appeale to the ciuill law the Tribunale or Court of requests whose Iudges are called Desembargadores which is as much to say as dischargers these are of great authority and credit as the chiefe States and Presidents are in the Low Countries To this Court are brought the appellations that are made vnto the ciuill law their chiefe Iudge is called Correcteur of the requests two Iudges that are called Desembargadores da Fazenda which is as much to say as Auditors and Iudges of the Kinges causes and reuenewes these are they that minister Iustice betwéene the King and particular men and from them there is no appeale the councell of orders Tribunale Supremo or highest Court which are called Desembargadores of the pallace Tribunale or Court of Consciences Tribunale or Court of Veedores da Fazenda that is visitors and ouerseers of the Kinges reuenewes Tribunale or Court of the Kinges Exchequer which is vnder the courts of Veedores da Fazenda the Kinges Councell two Dukes one Marques ten Earledomes The fortresses which the Portingales hold in Africa or Barbaria are these Tanger Zepta Arzilla the Iland of Madera the Flemmish Islandes called as Ilhas dos Acores in those are comprehended Tercera S. Michael Santa Maria Saint Iorgie Pico Fayael Gratiosa the Ilandes of Flores and Coruo the Ilands of Cabo verde are S. Iacob O fogo Mayo Boa Vista S. Antonio and Saint Nicolaes Arguyn a fortresse in the Countrie of Guinea the Myne of Saint Iorgie the Castle lying on the same side of Aethiopia also on the same coast the Iland del Principe Saint Thomas Atâ—bâ—n the Kingdome of Congo and Angola on the same Coast of Aethiopia lieth vnder tribute of the Portingale the Iland Santa Helena on the other side of the cape de Bona Speranza the fortresse of Soffala the Iland of Mosambique the Iland of Ormus lying betwéene Persia and Arabia the towne and fortresse of Diu the towne and fortresses of Daman Bacayn Chaul Goa where the Viceroy is resident all lying on the Coast of India the townes and fortresses of Honor Barcelor Mangalor Cananor Cranganor Cochin and Coulan all lying on the same Coast of India called Malabar a fortresse in the Iland of Seylon called Columbo the townes Negapatan and S. Thomas on the coast of Choramandel the towne and fortresse of Malacca the Iands of Maluco which are Tarnate Tydor Banda and Amboyna the land and coast of Brasilia stretching 500. miles in length and deuided into eight Captaineships or gouernements from whence euery yeare is brought into Portingale about 150. thousand Arroben of sugar each Arroben waighing 32. pound the Hauen called de Todos os Santos or of all Saints where the Gouernour of Brasilia is resident The ordinarie rentes of the Crowne of Portingale are yearely one million of gold 100000. duckets the rents reuenewes of the Mastership of the knights of the Crosse the king being alwaies Master to whom belong the Ilands of Acores or Flemmish Ilands Madera those of Cabo verde Saint Thomas and de Princepe are yearelie 200000. Duckets the rent of the Mine belonging to y e Knight of the Crosse of Christ is yerely worth 100000. duckets Brasilia yéeldeth yearely 150000. Duckets the customes of spices and other goods receiued out of the East Indies is yearely 600000. Duckets the other rents profits and reuenewes of the Indies and their townes are spent and disbursed in
Caetes so that â— Picos which is a Bhar are 200. Caetes as well great as small waight a Bhar of China is 300. Caetes which waigh as much as 200. Caetes at Malacca small waight for that three Caetes of China are in Malacca two Caetes small waight a Caete of China is 16. Taeys Chinish waight which are 14. Taeys in Malacca which is as much as 20. Ounces â— Portingall waight They vse likewise a waight which they cal a Hant euery Hant is twelue Caetes smal waight and euery Caete is 22. Taeyes and 16. Hantes and 8. Caetes are iust 200. Caetes which is a Bhar of small waight so likewise a Tael of Malacca is 16. Mases and 10. Mases and ¼ is an Ounce of Portingall waight and an Ounce and a halfe is iust 16. Mases and the eight part of a Mase by these Mases they sel the Bezars stones for euery Mase two or thrée Ducats according to their greatnesse and goodnesse In Malacca are two sortes of waights great and small which heereafter follow A Bhar great waight is 200. Cates and one Cates 26. Taeys and one Taey is one Ounce ½ hard waight of Portingall the small waight is a Bhar which is also 200. Caetes and one Caetes is 22. Taeys and a â—ael is a full Ounce and a halfe Portingal waight With their great waight they weigh Pâ—per Cloues Nutmegs Folio red white Sanders Indico Alum Sanguis draconis Palo Dauguila Siet and Sapon With the small waight they waigh Quicksiluer Vermilion Coper Blie Iuorie bones Silk Muske Amber Calamba or Lignum Aloes Tin Lead Lancua Oyle of Nutmegs and of flowers Verdette Rosamallia Besoun and Camphora c. The marchandises that the Portingals carrie to China whereof they make most profite is Ryals of eight which in China are worth aboue six testones not for that they had rather haue it then other Siluer but for that it is all Siluer for it is presently cut in péeces to pay it out after their manner as it is shewed before they carrie likewise some Wines both Portingal and Indian Wine and some Oyles of Oliues which are there desired Veluet Cloth of Scarlet whereof they haue none nor yet can make any although they haue both sheepe and wooll enough Looking glasses Iuorie bones and all kinde of Christall and Glasse are well solde there But this shall suffice for that which concerneth the land of China now I will procéede to the description of the Iland of Iapan which is the farthest Viage and last Orientall place by the Portingals discouered or at this day knowne The 26. Chapter Of the Iland of Iapan THe Iland or the land of Iapan is many Ilands one by the other and are seperated and deuided only by certaine small Créekes and riuers it is a great land although as yet the circuite thereof is not knowne because as yet it is not discouered nor by the Portingalles sought into it beginneth vnder 30. degrées and runneth till you come to 38 degrées it lyeth East from the firme land of China about 80. miles and from Maccau by the waye that the Portingalles trauaile Northeast warde is about 300. miles and the Hauen where commonly the Portingals vse to traffique is called Nangasache They haue likewise other places where they traffique and deale The countrie is cold procéeding of much rayne Snow and Ice that falleth therein it hath some Corne lande but their common Corne is Ryce In some places the land is verie hillie and vnfruitfull they eate no flesh but the flesh of wilde beasts and such as is hunted wherein they are verie expert although there are Oxen Cowes Sheepe and such like Cattell good store yet they vse them to other things about their labours and because it is tame flesh which they cannot brooke they refuse it as wee doe horse flesh they doe likewise refuse to eate Milke as wee doe bloud saying that Milke although it is white yet it is verie bloude They haue much Fish whereof they are verie desirous as also all kinds of fruites as in China Their houses are commonly couered with wood and with strawe they are 〈◊〉 and workmanlike builte specially the rich mens houses they haue their Chambers hanged and flowred with Mattes which is their best hangings The Iapens are not so curious nor so cleanly as the men of China but are contente with a meane yet for the most part they goe verie well apparelled in Silke almost like the Chinos The countrie hath some mines of siluer which from thence is by the Portingals yearely brought vnto China and there bartered for Silke and other Chinish wares which the Iapeans haue néede of The countriemen are verie skilfull to search for Siluer and to sell their wares They haue among them verie good handicrafts men and cunning workemen in all kind of handie workes they are sharpe witted and quickly learne any thing they sée as by experience it is found in those parts which the Portingales haue discouered The common people of the lande are much different froÌ„ other nations for that they haue among them as great curtesie and good policie as if they had liued continually in the Court they are verie expert in their weapons as néed requireth although they haue little cause to vse them for that if anye of them beginneth to brawle or to drawe his sworde hee is put to death they haue not any prisons for that who soeuer deserueth to be imprisoned is presently punished or banished the countrie When they meane to lay holde vpon a man they must doe it by stealth and by deceipt for otherwise he would resist and doe much mischiefe If it bee any Gentleman or man of great authoritie they beset his house about with men and whether hee chaunce to slay himselfe or not they enter the house by force and kill al they find therin Which to auoid he suffereth himself often times to be killed by his seruantes And it is often séene that they rip their own bellies open which often times is likewise done by their seruants for the loue of their Masters therein to shew their Masters the loue they beare vnto them so little estéeming their owne liues to pleasure and serue them The like doe young Boyes in presence of their parents onely for griefe or some small anger They are in all their actions very patient and humble for that in their youthes they learne to indure hunger colde and all manner of labour to goe bare headed with few cloathes as well in Winter as in Summer and not onely the common people but the principall Gentlemen and Nobles of the countrie They account it for great beautie to haue no haire which with great care they doe plucke out onely keepe a bunch of haire on the crowne of their heades which they tie together Touching their traffique manners speach and all their ceremonies concerning life and curtesie they are cleane contrarie vnto all other nations speciallie from those of China and till this day obserue
which is very little their noses broad flat and thicke at the end great bigge lippes some haue holes both aboue vnder in their lippes and some times besides their mouthes through their cheekes wherein they thrust small bones which they esteeme a bewtifying there are some among them that haue their faces and all their bodies ouer rased and seared with irons and al figured like rased Sattin or Damaske wherein they take great pride thinking there are no fairer people then they in all the world so that when they see any white people that weare apparell on their bodies they laugh and mocke at them thinking vs to be monsters and vgly people and when they will make any deuelish forme and picture then they inuent one atfer the forme of a white man in his apparell so that to conclude they thinke and verily perswade themselues that they are the right colour of men and that we haue a false and counterfait colour There are among them that file their téeth as sharp as nedles which they likewise estéeme for a great ornament Many of them hold the law of Mahomet that is to say such as dwell on the coast of Abex or Melinde and round about those places as also in Mosambique by reason the red sea is so néere vnto them together with the Arabian Mahometans with whome they dayly traffique as they also did in al places IlaÌ„ds throughout the Orientall countries before the Portingales discouery and conquest of India whereby all the Orientall countrie where they trafficked was infected with their deuelish law and their poyson spread and throwne abroad in all places which is one of the principall occasions that the Gospell taketh no better effect in those countries their pestiserous law beeing as it were rooted and ingrafted in their mindes There are some of them that are become Christians since the Portingales came thether but there is no great paines taken about it in those couÌ„tries because there is no profite to be had as also that it is an infectious and vnholesome countrie and therefore the Iesuites are wary inough not to make any houses or habitations therein for they sée no great profite to be reaped there for them as they doe in India the Ilands of Iapan in other places where they find great quantities of riches with the sap whereof they increase much and fill their beehyues therewith to satisfy their thirsty insatiable desires most part of the Caffares liue like beastes or wild men yet they haue their houses in troups or heaps like couÌ„try vilages wher they asseÌ„ble dwel together and in euery Village they haue a Lord or King to whome they are subiect and obedient they are commonly in warres one with an other and one place or Village against an other and haue law and Iustice among them with some small Policie concerning their worldly affaires and gouernment but as concerning Religion and faith they know not what it meaneth but liue like beastes without any knowledge of God or any likelyhoode or shadow thereof they maintaine themselues by hunting which they doe in the woods where they take all that they finde they eate Elephants flesh and all other kind of wild beastes and of the Elephants téeth they make their weapons instéede of Iron and Stéele they doe commonly make warre one against the other and some of them eate mens flesh and some there are also that eate it not but such as deale with the Portingals When they take any man prisoner in the warres they sell him to the Portingales or exchaunge and barter him for Cotton linnen and other Indian wares They haue a custome among them that when they goe to warre against their enemies if they win the battaile or ouerthrow each other he that taketh or killeth most men is holden and accounted for the best and brauest man among them and much respected and to witnesse the same before their Kings of as many as they haue slaine or taken prisoners they cut off their priuâ—e members that if they bee let goe againe they may no more beget children which in processe of time might mischiefe them and then they drie them well because they should not rot which being so dried they come before their Kings with great reuerence in the presence of the principall men in the Village and there take these members so dried one by one in their mouthes and spit them on the ground at the Kings feete which the King with great thankes accepteth and the more to reward and to recompence their valour causeth them all to bee taken vp and giuen to them againe for a signe and token of honour whereby euer after from that time forwards they are accounted as Knights and they take all those members wherewith the King hath thus honoured them and tie them all vpon a string like a Bracelet or Chaine and when they marrie or go to any wedding or feasts the Bride or wiues of those knights doe weare that Chaine of mens members about their neckes which among them is as great an honour as it is with vs to weare the golden Fléece or the Garter of England and the Brides of such Knightes are therewith as proude as if they were the mightiest Queenes in all the world From Mosambique great numbers of these Caffares are caried into India and many times they sell a man or woman that is growne to their full strength for two or three Ducats When the Portingales ships put in there for fresh water and other necessaries then they are dearer by reason of the great numbers of buyers the cause why so many slaues and Captaines of all nations are brought to sell in India is because that euerie ten or twelue miles or rather in euery Village and towne there is a seuerall King and ruler of the people one of them not like an other neither in law spéech nor manners whereby most part of them are in warres one against the other and those that on both sides are taken prisoners they kéepe for slaues and so fell each other like beastes hee whose euill fortune is such that hee is one of the captiues must be patient wherein they shew not much dislike for when they are asked how they can content themselues with that yoke of bondage they answere that they can beare it well enough séeing their Planet will haue it so and for that their friends and neighbours shall reuenge their cause against those that haue done it Also in time of pouertie or dearth the fathers may sell their children as it happened in my time that there was such a dearth and scarsitie of victualls in the firme lande and countries bordering vppon Goa that the men of India came to Goa and other places where the Portingales are resident to sell their children in great numbers and for small prices to buy them victuals I haue séene Boyes of eight or ten yeares giuen in exchange for fiue or sixe measures of Rice and some
as well imploy their forces there as in the holie land to increase the faith of Christ and ouerthrow the enemies of the same whome if it pleased God to prosper as he doubted not but by their helpes to haue the victorie they might as then fulfill their pretended voiage both to the glory of God their owne honors which in the ende they agréed vnto in the which seruice they so well imployed themselues that they not only holp him to winne Lisbone but many other places thereby placing the king in his kingly seat for which their good seruice the king acknowledging himselfe much bound and beholding vnto them in recompence thereof he indowed them with many priuiledges and fréedomes more than his natural subiects â—nioyed which hee bound both him and his successors kinges of that countrie to kéepe obserue one whereof was that all Dutchmen that would dwell within his Countrie or traffique with in the same should bee free of all impostes and excises for all things that they should vse and haue in their owne houses and for themselues and their familie that they might weare what sort of apparrell and Iewels they would and of what stuffe soeuer with their wiues and families although they were Portingale women which is forbidden to the naturall Portingales for that they haue a law concerning apparrell what kinde of stuffe euerie man according to his estate and qualitie shall weare also to goe by night and at vnaccustomed houres when occasion serued them in all places with fiue or sixe seruants with light or without and with what armes or weapons they would which is not permitted to the inhabitantes themselues that no Iustice should haue power to atach or arest any man in their house or execute any Iustice vpon them for what cause soeuer it were treasoÌ„ only excepted but onlie by their owne law by the king himselfe ordained appointed called Iuis dos-Alemaines or the Dutch law also that their houses might not be taken whether they were hired or their owne fée simples for the kinges seruice or any of his Court as all other his subiects houses are as néed requireth that they might not bee compelled to vse or serue any office in the countrie or for the king as the Portingales doe neyther yet rated to pay any contribution for the common profit of the countrie trauelling through the Countrie should for their monie be serued before any other man with many other such like priueledges which for breuitie I omit onely I haue set downe the principallest of them thereby to shew as their owne Chronicles declare through whome and by whose help the Portingales at this day doe possesse and enioy that which they hold in the said Countrie of Portingale which priuiledges are yet as they haue alwaies béene without anie deniall firmely holden and maintained and by all the kinges successiuely confirmed from time to time with dayly increasing of the same by meanes of the continuall pleasures done vnto the said kings of Portingale by the said Nation as it is well knowne Don Sancho Sonne of the aforesaid king was the second king of Portingale hee was borne in Anno 1154. and crowned king at the age of 31. yeares hee had issue 15. children Sonnes and Daughters and raigned twenty seuen yeares he died in the towne of Coymbra in the yeare of our Lord 1212. being 58. yeares of age and lieth buried in the Cloyster of Santa Crus by his Father Don Afonso the second of that name the third king of Portingale was crowned at the age of 25. yeares he had issue two sonnes in his time liued Saint Dominick Saint Francis and Saint Anthonie he died in anno 1223. lieth buried in the Cloyster of Alcobassa Don Sancho Capello his son fourth king of Portingale was crowned at the age of 16. yeres and died in the towne of Toledo in the yeare of our Lord 1247 and is buried in the great Church of Toledo After his death was chose King his brother the Earle of Bolonhien and was the fifth king of Portingale hee raigned 31. yeres and died in Lisbone in the yeare of our Lord 1279. and is buried in the Cloister of Alcobassa Don Deniis his sonne was Crowned in Lisbone the sixt king of Portingale being of the age of 18. yeares he raigned 46. yeres and died in the towne of Saint Arein in the yeare of our Lord 1325. the 20. of Ianuary being 64. yeares of age and lyeth buried in the Cloyster of Oliuellas which is about 2. miles from Lisbone which he in his life time had erected he maried with Donna Isabella daughter to Don Pedro king of ArragoÌ„ she was cannonised for a Saint her Sepulcher is in the towne of Coymbra which shee builded where her body doth many miracles After him raigned his sonne Don Afonso o Brauo which is the valiant hee was crowned in the towne of Arem at the age of 35. yeares and was the seuenth king of Portingale hee died in Lisbone in the month of May Anno 1356. he lieth buried in the high quire of the great Church hee ouercame the Mores in Salado fighting in aide of the king of Castille His Son Don Pedro was the eight king of Portingale and ruled the land with great Iustice temperante and peace died in the yeare of our Lord 1366. and lieth buried in the Cloyster of Alcobassa hee had issue one sonne called Don Ferdinand and before hee maried he had two bastard sonnes by Dona Ines or Agnes de Castro called Don Ioan and Don Denniis After the death of the aforesaid king Don Ferdinand his son was crowned king and was the ninth king of Portingale he maried Dona Lianor Gonsalues Telles whom he tooke by force from her husband called Larenca Vaaz da Cunha to whome shee was maried and banished him the land neuerthelesse he was verie louing to his subiectes and punished all offenders and vagabondes hée raigned 17. yeares and died without issue in the yeare of our Lord 1383. being of the age of 43 yeares and lieth buried in the quier of S. Francis Church in the towne of S. Arein After this kings death Don Ioan king of Castillia with his wife Dona Beatrix came into Portingale by force to possesse the Crowne of Portingale but Don Ioan bastard son of the aforesaid king Don Pedro bastard brother to Don Ferdinand the last king withstood him and fought with the said king of Castille whome he ouercame in the field called S. Ioris where for a perpetuall memorie of his victorie he erected a great rich Cloyster which hee called the Cloyster of the battaile or victorie because he won the field in the same place against the Castilians This bastard Don Ioan was Crowned king of Portingale being of the age of 31. yeares was the tenth king he liued 76 yeres and died in Anno 1433. the 14. of August and lieth buried in the same Cloyster of