more_o i_o can_v name_v have_v i_o time_n beside_o many_o usage_n and_o custom_n in_o england_n which_o participate_v of_o both_o language_n alike_o to_o instance_n in_o the_o compound_n of_o javel_n a_o british_a word_n signify_v a_o tenure_n among_o the_o welsh_a we_o find_v gavel-kind_n sand-gavel_a gavel_n oat_n swine-gavel_a and_o many_o other_o why_o therefore_o may_v not_o ludgate_n be_v luds-gate_n although_o it_o have_v both_o language_n mix_v in_o it_o let_v we_o hear_v therefore_o verstegan_n ingenious_a derivation_n ludgate_n say_v he_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v leodgate_n or_o the_o peoples-gate_n leod_n signify_v people_n here_o mr._n sheringham_n ask_v he_o but_o a_o reasonable_a question_n what_o do_v the_o people_n angl._n pass_v only_o through_o this_o gate_n and_o the_o bard_n and_o druid_n through_o the_o other_o only_o and_o i_o may_v demand_v of_o he_o also_o upon_o what_o ground_n he_o suppose_v the_o concourse_n of_o people_n to_o have_v be_v great_a through_o this_o gate_n than_o any_o other_o indeed_o since_o the_o suburb_n have_v be_v build_v and_o increase_v above_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o city_n and_o since_o his_o majesty_n and_o the_o late_a king_n of_o england_n for_o many_o succession_n have_v be_v please_v to_o live_v in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o they_o the_o trade_n by_o necessity_n have_v be_v draw_v into_o these_o quarter_n and_o so_o ludgate_n have_v be_v make_v the_o great_a thoroughfare_a but_o before_o the_o suburb_n be_v build_v or_o before_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o credit_n by_o his_o majesty_n royal_a person_n and_o court_n or_o when_o the_o king_n of_o england_n live_v in_o the_o city_n itself_o how_o come_v ludgate_n to_o be_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o people_n more_o than_o of_o the_o rest_n neither_o be_v lelands_n opinion_n any_o thing_n more_o to_o be_v embrace_v who_o call_v it_o fludgate_n leland_n from_o the_o little_a rivulet_n run_v beneath_o it_o it_o be_v a_o thousand_o pity_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o this_o invention_n that_o the_o gate_n be_v not_o build_v upon_o the_o rivulet_n but_o now_o as_o the_o case_n stand_v this_o most_o miserable_a derivation_n be_v not_o to_o be_v help_v out_o but_o by_o a_o faith_n that_o be_v able_a to_o remove_v mountain_n let_v therefore_o king_n lud_n enjoy_v the_o honour_n of_o that_o structure_n who_o very_a mute_a statue_n as_o mr._n sheringham_n say_v seem_v to_o call_v out_o against_o those_o who_o will_v deprive_v he_o of_o it_o but_o beside_o these_o two_o magnificent_a work_n the_o wall_n and_o the_o gate_n this_o prince_n be_v say_v to_o have_v take_v such_o exceed_a delight_n in_o this_o city_n that_o he_o build_v himself_o a_o palace_n not_o far_o from_o ludgate_n suppose_v by_o some_o to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n palace_n stand_v other_o think_v at_o bernard_n castle_n he_o be_v think_v to_o have_v build_v a_o temple_n also_o not_o far_o from_o his_o court_n where_o st._n paul_n cathedral_n afterward_o stand_v and_o by_o these_o great_a work_n and_o his_o continual_a residence_n in_o that_o city_n the_o name_n of_o troy-novant_a be_v change_v into_o london_n or_o lundain_n that_o be_v the_o residency_n of_o king_n lud._n the_o british_a history_n write_v that_o the_o change_v the_o name_n from_o troy-novant_a into_o lundain_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a dissension_n between_o king_n lud_n and_o a_o bold_a commander_n of_o those_o time_n nennius_n who_o eager_o oppose_v this_o innovation_n whereby_o the_o memory_n of_o troy_n which_o so_o long_o bid_v be_v preserve_v will_v be_v utter_o abolish_v but_o this_o story_n be_v very_o much_o suspect_v of_o late_a to_o have_v be_v altogether_o fabulous_a and_o there_o be_v other_o derivation_n give_v of_o the_o name_n of_o that_o most_o famous_a city_n erasmus_n bring_v it_o from_o a_o city_n in_o rhodes_n call_v lindus_n but_o this_o be_v reject_v by_o mr._n brit._n cambden_n who_o in_o the_o place_n of_o it_o put_v down_o two_o conjecture_n the_o first_o be_v that_o see_v the_o britain_n call_v any_o place_n fence_v with_o tree_n a_o town_n or_o city_n which_o they_o express_v by_o the_o word_n lihwn_n that_o this_o city_n by_o way_n of_o excellence_n may_v be_v name_v the_o lihwn_n and_o afterward_o by_o corruption_n london_n but_o the_o second_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o it_o be_v call_v london_n from_o lihong_n signify_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n a_o ship_n and_o dinas_n in_o the_o same_o language_n a_o city_n so_o that_o it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o city_n of_o ship_n and_o to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n he_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v call_v ancient_o longidinium_n and_o by_o a_o old_a british_a bard_n lihong-porth_n that_o be_v a_o harbour_n of_o ship_n in_o my_o thought_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o that_o most_o honourable_a city_n which_o in_o all_o age_n have_v be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o by_o the_o convenience_n of_o its_o situation_n upon_o so_o navigable_a a_o river_n can_v receive_v ship_n of_o great_a burden_n and_o in_o great_a multitude_n so_o that_o the_o mast_n of_o they_o appear_v to_o be_v what_o the_o britain_n call_v llhwun_n namely_o wood_n and_o forest_n as_o concern_v the_o name_n of_o troy-novant_a by_o which_o this_o city_n be_v suppose_v to_o troy-novant_a have_v former_o be_v call_v because_o i_o be_o now_o take_v my_o leave_n of_o the_o british_a history_n and_o be_o come_v to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n i_o will_v free_o put_v down_o my_o conjecture_n nant_n in_o the_o british_a tongue_n or_o novant_n for_o they_o be_v both_o one_o as_o mr._n cambden_n show_v signify_v a_o valley_n and_o credit_n crispinus_n or_o crack_n a_o city_n and_o both_o take_v from_o the_o cambdeu_n phoenician_n as_o i_o have_v show_v by_o several_a place_n in_o cornwall_n crinovant_n therefore_o be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o city_n of_o the_o valley_n for_o the_o people_n who_o be_v under_o the_o subjection_n of_o this_o city_n live_v low_a upon_o the_o river_n thames_n and_o the_o whole_a region_n in_o a_o manner_n lay_v in_o a_o valley_n so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v call_v as_o other_o place_n have_v be_v upon_o the_o same_o account_n noantes_n novantes_fw-la or_o nantuates_n and_o this_o city_n crinovant_n or_o the_o city_n of_o the_o novantes_fw-la the_o similitude_n of_o which_o name_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o another_o place_n give_v occasion_n to_o those_o who_o begin_v the_o trojan_a original_a to_o call_v it_o troy-novant_a or_o the_o new-troy_n king_n lud_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v eleven_o year_n and_o be_v inter_v in_o his_o temple_n near_o ludgate_n leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n androgeus_n and_o theomantius_fw-la com._n pal._n say_v that_o this_o lud_n be_v surnamed_n immanuentius_n and_o be_v slay_v by_o his_o palat._n brother_n cassibelan_n at_o troy-novant_a and_o that_o his_o elder_a son_n androgeus_n be_v surnamed_n mandubratius_n and_o be_v the_o same_o prince_n of_o the_o trinobantes_n who_o we_o find_v in_o caesar_n commentary_n to_o have_v sle_z into_o gallia_n and_o to_o have_v put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o caesar._n of_o this_o mandubratius_n i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o this_o island_n who_o we_o shall_v find_v invade_v it_o in_o the_o next_o king_n reign_n call_v cassibelanus_fw-la and_o see_v now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_a history_n the_o authority_n of_o which_o be_v unquestionable_a i_o shall_v faithful_o collect_v the_o government_n of_o britain_n under_o their_o emperor_n from_o the_o latin_a writer_n themselves_o yet_o not_o altogether_o so_o as_o to_o neglect_v absolute_o the_o british_a history_n in_o the_o live_v of_o their_o king_n and_o the_o circumstance_n of_o their_o government_n this_o i_o do_v because_o that_o the_o history_n of_o the_o roman_n concern_v this_o island_n as_o their_o government_n in_o it_o be_v often_o break_v off_o and_o interrupt_v and_o those_o breach_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o british_a succession_n but_o i_o shall_v place_v the_o roman_a history_n in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o infinite_o surpass_v the_o british_a in_o its_o authority_n and_o all_o along_o the_o british_a history_n shall_v be_v set_v under_o it_o as_o attend_v only_o and_o subservient_fw-fr to_o it_o the_o name_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n who_o govern_v this_o island_n from_o the_o first_o invasion_n thereof_o by_o julius_n caesar_n until_o it_o be_v quit_v of_o the_o roman_a jurisdiction_n by_o honorius_n immediate_o before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o lieutenant_n employ_v by_o they_o julius_n caesar_n the_o first_o invader_n of_o the_o britain_n after_o who_o second_a
deface_v can_v read_v no_o one_o sentence_n through_o yet_o can_v i_o well_o perceive_v in_o several_a place_n the_o word_n prytania_n if_o this_o book_n be_v admit_v of_o any_o considerable_a antiquity_n as_o that_o humphrey_n lloyd_n speak_v true_a that_o there_o be_v no_o first_o radical_a letter_n b_o in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n but_o that_o they_o be_v call_v prydayn_n by_o themselves_o i_o believe_v without_o doubt_n the_o greek_n from_o this_o way_n of_o the_o islander_n derive_v they_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d prytania_n signify_v metal_n in_o their_o own_o language_n for_o they_o know_v that_o the_o first_o original_a name_n bretanica_n come_v from_o the_o phoenician_n in_o which_o name_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n tynn_n be_v express_v and_o find_v it_o corrupt_v by_o the_o native_n into_o pretan_a prytan_n or_o something_o like_o it_o easy_o make_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d witting_o embrace_v this_o occasion_n to_o derive_v the_o country_n from_o a_o word_n from_o their_o own_o language_n signify_v metal_n so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o truth_n in_o the_o derivation_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o must_v of_o necessity_n proceed_v from_o this_o fountain_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o bretta_n the_o spanish_a word_n earth_n from_o whence_o some_o have_v derive_v it_o for_o if_o there_o be_v any_o kind_n of_o truth_n deliver_v by_o tradition_n of_o such_o a_o thing_n among_o the_o spaniard_n than_o it_o must_v come_v from_o those_o spaniard_n which_o in_o former_a time_n be_v call_v iberi_n that_o be_v digger_n in_o mine_n and_o as_o the_o word_n import_v it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o phoenician_n that_o these_o iberi_n may_v be_v employ_v by_o the_o phoenician_n in_o the_o tynn_n mine_n in_o britain_n be_v not_o unlike_a for_o tacitus_n say_v that_o the_o complexion_n of_o the_o south_n tacitus_n part_n of_o britain_n differ_v much_o from_o the_o northern_a and_o both_o from_o those_o part_n that_o lie_v upon_o france_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o north_n part_n be_v people_v by_o the_o german_n the_o eastern_a coast_n by_o the_o opposite_a neighbour_n the_o gaul_n and_o the_o south_n part_n by_o the_o iberi_fw-la this_o he_o gather_v by_o the_o different_a complexion_n of_o the_o people_n the_o north_n britain_n be_v fair_a have_v large_a limb_n long_o yellow_a hair_n as_o the_o german_n have_v the_o south_n britain_n be_v swart_a and_o curl_a hair_n like_o the_o spaniard_n the_o coast_n lie_v upon_o france_n agree_v in_o language_n custom_n and_o in_o every_o thing_n with_o the_o gaul_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o persuade_v i_o that_o primitive_o any_o part_n of_o britain_n can_v be_v people_v out_o of_o spain_n by_o entire_a colony_n but_o rather_o that_o it_o be_v more_o natural_a that_o this_o island_n be_v people_v by_o colony_n descend_v down_o the_o rhine_n and_o fill_v france_n belgium_n and_o all_o that_o tract_n of_o ground_n the_o spaniard_n come_v to_o the_o south_n part_n as_o miner_n only_o be_v very_o active_a and_o expert_a in_o that_o trade_n have_v plenty_n of_o mine_n in_o their_o own_o country_n as_o the_o roman_a history_n witness_n continue_v unexhausted_a even_o to_o hannibal_n day_n according_a to_o this_o account_n it_o must_v certain_o be_v vain_o suppose_v of_o the_o derivation_n of_o britain_n from_o bretta_n signify_v earth_n in_o spanish_a especial_o when_o consider_v this_o island_n once_o in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o continent_n but_o from_o the_o spanish_a mariner_n who_o take_v bretta_n from_o the_o phoenician_n brat_n the_o first_o syllable_n in_o bratanac_n signify_v earth_n for_o it_o will_v frequent_o happen_v that_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n be_v deliver_v down_o though_o the_o reason_n by_o which_o man_n will_v evidence_n they_o be_v often_o vain_a and_o frivolous_a according_a to_o the_o divers_a apprehension_n and_o conception_n of_o men._n the_o time_n when_o the_o phoenician_n come_v from_o tyre_n and_o zidon_n their_o own_o native_a country_n to_o discover_v britain_n the_o next_o thing_n i_o shall_v show_v be_v about_o what_o time_n the_o phoenician_n from_o tyre_n come_v into_o the_o western_a sea_n and_o when_o in_o all_o reason_n it_o may_v be_v suppose_v they_o discover_v and_o name_v this_o island_n for_o from_o the_o certainty_n and_o antiquity_n of_o their_o navigation_n will_v depend_v the_o evidence_n of_o our_o derivation_n and_o i_o shall_v also_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o tyrian_n before_o the_o trojan_a war_n under_o their_o captain_n and_o country_n man_n hercules_n have_v traffic_v to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o inland_a sea_n at_o last_o pass_v the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n have_v first_o build_v several_a city_n on_o the_o straits_n and_o possess_v tartessus_n erythea_n and_o gades_n island_n with_o great_a part_n of_o the_o continent_n of_o spain_n and_o africa_n lie_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_n as_o many_o monument_n of_o their_o language_n and_o custom_n do_v evidence_n and_o that_o the_o western_a sea_n be_v discover_v before_o the_o trojan_a war_n we_o learn_v from_o the_o ancient_a poet_n orpheus_n and_o homer_n with_o who_o nothing_o be_v more_o frequent_a than_o those_o say_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o island_n and_o encompass_v round_o with_o the_o sea._n and_o first_o orpheus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o sea_n around_o the_o earth_n her_o water_n throw_v and_o in_o that_o circle_n do_v it_o all_o enclose_v upon_o this_o very_a account_n be_v it_o call_v amphitrite_n by_o homer_n its_o go_v round_o the_o earth_n as_o herodotus_n speak_v in_o his_o four_o book_n 4._o homer_n make_v the_o sun_n to_o arise_v and_o set_v in_o the_o ocean_n and_o in_o the_o first_o map_n of_o the_o world_n as_o i_o may_v call_v it_o the_o shield_n of_o achilles_n which_o vulcan_n make_v he_o we_o find_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o sea_n be_v place_v vulcanus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d upon_o the_o extreme_a border_n of_o the_o shield_n from_o whence_o can_v orpheus_n and_o homer_n have_v this_o if_o not_o by_o tradition_n from_o the_o phoentcian_n for_o colaeus_n samius_n be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o greek_n that_o discover_v the_o western_a ocean_n and_o he_o live_v four_o hundred_o year_n after_o homer_n beside_o he_o never_o go_v far_a than_o tartessus_n but_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o straits_n mouth_n only_o and_o to_o have_v see_v that_o ocean_n so_o that_o we_o must_v suppose_v homer_n have_v it_o by_o tradition_n from_o the_o phoenician_n as_o bochartus_n prove_v he_o to_o have_v have_v many_o name_n bochartus_fw-la of_o place_n particular_o the_o elysian_a field_n in_o hispania_n betica_fw-la let_v we_o hearken_v also_o what_o strabo_n say_v to_o this_o business_n speak_v of_o the_o phoenician_n i._n they_o say_v he_o go_v beyond_o hercules_n pillar_n and_o there_o 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venedotia_n or_o north-wales_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v hannes_n thaliassen_n or_o the_o error_n of_o thaliassen_n mia_fw-la deythymyma_fw-la at_o wedillhion_n croia_n i_o return_v to_o the_o relich_n of_o troy_n now_o grant_v this_o to_o be_v the_o true_a work_n of_o thaliassen_n i_o see_v not_o why_o from_o hence_o the_o britain_n must_v be_v conclude_v of_o trojan_a original_a the_o phrase_n of_o reliquiae_fw-la trojae_fw-la aut_fw-la reliquiae_fw-la danûm_fw-la may_v elegant_o be_v use_v to_o express_v any_o nation_n that_o be_v miserable_o bring_v from_o its_o ancient_a glory_n and_o reduce_v to_o so_o small_a a_o number_n as_o the_o britain_n be_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o especial_o by_o the_o saxon_n it_o be_v a_o poetical_a elegancy_n use_v by_o thaliassen_n to_o express_v the_o calamity_n of_o his_o nation_n yet_o such_o small_a figure_n have_v often_o create_v great_a king_n in_o the_o invention_n of_o fanciful_a man_n as_o magus_n the_o celtic_a king_n take_v birth_n 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attend_v at_o the_o prince_n court_n and_o leave_v the_o province_n safe_o rejoice_v be_v have_v in_o as_o great_a esteem_n as_o either_o furius_n camillus_n or_o papirius_n cursor_n and_o receive_v the_o honourable_a and_o affectionate_a compliment_n of_o all_o man_n towards_o he_o even_o as_o far_o as_o the_o narrow_a sea_n he_o safe_o arrive_v with_o a_o prosperous_a wind_n to_o the_o prince_n camp_n where_o hew_v as_o embrace_v with_o all_o the_o joy_n and_o applaud_v imaginable_a simmachus_n write_v of_o the_o reward_n of_o this_o noble_a emperor_n general_n thus_o the_o author_n of_o your_o stock_n captain_n general_n in_o africa_n and_o britain_n be_v among_o other_o ancient_a title_n consecrate_v by_o the_o most_o honourable_a order_n with_o image_n of_o knighthood_n which_o statue_n resemble_v a_o man_n on_o horseback_n in_o armour_n beside_o claudian_n in_o his_o poetical-fancy_n strain_v thus_o in_o his_o commendation_n ille_fw-la caledoniis_fw-la posuit_fw-la qui_fw-la castra_n pruinis_fw-la quimedio_fw-la libyae_n sub_fw-la oasside_fw-la pertulit_fw-la astus_fw-la terribilis_fw-la mauro_n debellatorque_fw-la britanni_n littoris_fw-la ac_fw-la pariter_fw-la boreae_fw-la vastator_n &_o austri_fw-la quid_fw-la rigour_n aternus_fw-la coeli_fw-la quid_fw-la sydera_fw-la prosunt_fw-la ignotumque_fw-la fretum_fw-la maduerunt_fw-la saxone_n fuso_fw-la orcades_n incaluit_fw-la pictorum_fw-la sanguine_a thule_n scotorum_fw-la cumulos_fw-la flevit_fw-la glacialis_fw-la hiberne_n in_o caledonian_n frost_n his_o tent_n he_o pight_v and_o lybia_n scorch_a heat_n endure_v in_o field_n the_o coalblack_a moor_n and_o britain_n fair_a in_o flight_n he_o quell_v and_o force_v both_o south_n and_o north_n to_o yield_v what_o then_o avail_v cold_a clime_n strange_a sea_n and_o star_n when_o orkney_n isle_n he_o die_v with_o saxon_a gore_n the_o brand_a pict_n now_o suffer_v mortal_a scar_n and_o ireland_n do_v huge_a heap_n of_o scot_n deplore_v 〈◊〉_d lybiz_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thule_n ille_fw-la leves_fw-la mauros_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pictos_fw-la 〈◊〉_d scotumque_fw-la vago_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d fregit_fw-la hyperboreas_n remis_fw-la audacibus_fw-la undas_fw-la etgeminis_fw-la fulgens_fw-la utróque_fw-la sab_fw-la axe_n trophais_fw-fr tethyos_n alternas_fw-la refluas_fw-la calcavit_fw-la arenas_fw-la lybia_n who_o scorch_a heat_n secure_v her_o shore_n and_o thale_fw-mi sence_v in_o with_o wall_n of_o ice_n both_o dread_a his_o name_n the_o light_n and_o nimble_a moor_n and_o pict_n who_o paint_v above_o garment_n prize_v the_o wander_a scot_n through_o northern_a isle_n he_o chase_v and_o on_o their_o gloomy_a sea_n triumphant_a road_n his_o trophy_n thus_o under_o both_o pole_n he_o place_v where_o ever_o the_o ocean_n either_o ebb_v or_o flow_v these_o be_v the_o action_n happen_v in_o britain_n in_o the_o day_n of_o valentinian_n he_o be_v a_o excellent_a prince_n and_o high_o commend_v for_o the_o endowment_n both_o of_o mind_n and_o body_n as_o be_v a_o 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receive_v from_o the_o
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he_o occasion_v the_o loss_n not_o only_o of_o many_o a_o man_n life_n but_o the_o destruction_n also_o of_o the_o considerable_a part_n of_o many_o a_o noble_a province_n ambrose_n aurelianus_n only_o in_o hope_n of_o his_o fortunate_a success_n be_v choose_v king_n by_o the_o britain_n a_o man_n of_o a_o mild_a and_o sweet_a nature_n and_o the_o last_o branch_n of_o the_o roman_a root_n who_o through_o providence_n gain_v many_o victory_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o his_o distress_a people_n notwithstanding_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o their_o distress_n doubtless_o will_v have_v be_v willing_a to_o have_v receive_v a_o more_o valiant_a spirit_n that_o can_v but_o have_v give_v they_o but_o at_o lest_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o more_o secure_a freedom_n from_o the_o saxon_a tyranny_n pass_v the_o river_n humber_n the_o first_o expedition_n he_o undertake_v be_v the_o rout_v the_o saxon_n at_o the_o fight_n of_o macsbel_n occa_fw-la the_o son_n of_o hengist_n escape_v to_o york_n but_o by_o 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mencvia_n in_o wales_n he_o take_v it_o and_o do_v much_o mischief_n in_o all_o place_n that_o lay_v within_o the_o reach_n and_o limit_n of_o his_o malice_n and_o envy_n the_o cause_n of_o ambrose_n be_v manage_v with_o good_a success_n by_o uter_n pendragon_n but_o in_o the_o interim_n one_o copa_n private_o procure_v by_o pascentius_n who_o feign_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o british_a monk_n and_o physician_n offer_v his_o advice_n to_o ambrose_n the_o good_a man_n lie_v sick_a and_o weak_a mean_v honest_o himself_o and_o think_v very_o that_o the_o monk_n do_v so_o take_v his_o dose_n of_o poison_n instead_o of_o a_o healthful_a antidote_n to_o expel_v his_o distemper_n which_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n put_v a_o end_n to_o his_o day_n at_o winchester_n yet_o other_o to_o salve_v that_o notable_a piece_n of_o treachery_n report_v that_o he_o die_v of_o a_o wound_n in_o a_o fierce_a and_o terrible_a battle_n against_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o britain_n and_o other_o historian_n in_o contradiction_n to_o bede_n and_o gildas_n although_o as_o credible_a author_n as_o some_o other_o make_v he_o the_o branch_n of_o a_o noble_a britain_n who_o sudden_a death_n for_o a_o time_n put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o war_n between_o they_o and_o the_o saxon_n unto_o this_o ambrose_n be_v ascribe_v the_o build_n of_o stone-henge_n upon_o salisbury-plain_a in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o britain_n massacre_v by_o the_o treachery_n of_o hengist_n and_o which_o give_v a_o occasion_n to_o some_o to_o believe_v it_o as_o by_o dig_v very_o near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o monument_n now_o stand_v have_v be_v find_v piece_n of_o old_a fashion_a armour_n with_o bone_n of_o man_n of_o a_o large_a size_n which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o but_o the_o phoenician_n bury_v by_o that_o temple_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n build_v by_o they_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a anon_o other_o report_v how_o the_o britain_n erect_v this_o monument_n for_o the_o sake_n only_o of_o ambrose_n in_o which_o place_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v there_o slay_v and_o bury_v in_o memory_n of_o his_o great_a service_n do_v to_o they_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o their_o country_n which_o paulus_n diaconus_fw-la seem_v to_o testify_v but_o how_o far_o that_o author_n be_v to_o be_v credit_v i_o must_v with_o submission_n leave_v it_o to_o better_a judgement_n to_o examine_v but_o that_o the_o material_n of_o this_o sepulchre_n according_a to_o the_o prodigious_a fancy_n and_o dream_n of_o some_o british_a writer_n shall_v be_v fetch_v out_o of_o ireland_n there_o be_v stone_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o equal_a magnitude_n by_o industry_n and_o labour_n to_o be_v find_v not_o far_o off_o that_o place_n by_o the_o help_n of_o fifteen_o thousand_o man_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o uter_n pendragon_n seem_v not_o only_o improbable_a but_o impossible_a also_o nevertheless_o it_o show_v the_o zeal_n of_o the_o britain_n in_o promote_a the_o honour_n of_o their_o prince_n rather_o than_o clear_v a_o true_a evidence_n or_o cause_n of_o that_o matter_n or_o the_o original_a founder_n thereof_o occasion_v partly_o i_o say_v out_o of_o their_o entire_a affection_n to_o their_o king_n rather_o than_o to_o give_v a_o occasion_n for_o after_o age_n too_o much_o to_o puzzle_v their_o brain_n in_o inquire_v out_o a_o more_o ancient_a and_o more_o honourable_a original_a again_o other_o have_v be_v delude_v into_o a_o belief_n through_o the_o strangeness_n and_o magnitude_n thereof_o that_o it_o be_v erect_v by_o the_o magic_a art_n of_o merlin_n this_o have_v occasion_v a_o traditional_a talk_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o inouth_n of_o several_a succeed_a generation_n that_o the_o stone_n be_v so_o set_v can_v be_v tell_v exact_o but_o to_o wipe_v away_o that_o imaginary_a cheat_n out_o of_o man_n mind_n and_o that_o they_o may_v clear_o see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o magic_n either_o to_o blind_v their_o sight_n or_o to_o stupisie_v their_o judgement_n if_o they_o will_v exact_o tell_v they_o let_v they_o sollow_v this_o ensue_a direction_n observe_v the_o order_n of_o the_o circle_n as_o they_o now_o appear_v and_o not_o rash_o pass_v from_o one_o to_o another_o confuse_o take_v especial_a care_n that_o they_o observe_v where_o they_o first_o begin_v to_o number_n and_o the_o just_a number_n of_o every_o stone_n will_v be_v find_v exact_o and_o proceed_v after_o that_o order_n and_o method_n they_o may_v be_v always_o tell_v over_o without_o miss_v and_o for_o the_o better_a information_n of_o all_o person_n who_o have_v not_o have_v leisure_n to_o search_v into_o the_o different_a opinion_n of_o author_n touch_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o erect_v that_o stately_a monument_n of_o stone-henge_n and_o that_o i_o may_v have_v the_o better_a opportunity_n to_o deliver_v my_o own_o opinion_n thereof_o i_o will_v present_v to_o the_o reader_n a_o brief_a relation_n
his_o own_o example_n behave_v himself_o brisk_o and_o prove_v fortunate_a against_o they_o in_o several_a battle_n whereupon_o the_o saxon_n to_o rid_v themselves_o of_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enemy_n call_v to_o their_o assistance_n gurmundus_fw-la a_o norwegian_a captain_n but_o as_o some_o say_v send_v for_o from_o ireland_n who_o surround_v the_o britain_n dismay_v at_o so_o great_a a_o army_n secure_v themselves_o in_o the_o town_n of_o chichester_n but_o the_o besieger_n though_o they_o be_v not_o excellent_a at_o take_v town_n by_o assault_n think_v upon_o a_o invention_n that_o do_v their_o business_n as_o well_o for_o fasten_v fire_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o several_a sparrow_n they_o have_v take_v for_o that_o purpose_n be_v let_v loose_a they_o fly_v into_o the_o town_n and_o light_v upon_o the_o thatched-house_n and_o other_o combustible_a matter_n set_v all_o on_o fire_n upon_o this_o the_o britain_n rather_o burn_v out_o than_o carry_v on_o by_o courage_n make_v a_o short_a sally_n but_o be_v overpowred_n by_o number_n be_v at_o last_o discomfit_v leave_v many_o of_o their_o nobility_n dead_a upon_o the_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n while_o the_o britain_n maintain_v this_o fight_n careticus_fw-la steal_v out_o of_o the_o battle_n secure_v himself_o among_o the_o mountain_n in_o wales_n where_o he_o find_v more_o security_n though_o less_o plenty_n now_o be_v the_o saxon_n lord_n of_o all_o britain_n this_o be_v the_o last_o british_a king_n that_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v confine_v thence_o forward_o in_o the_o west_n by_o the_o river_n severne_n and_o dee_n gurmundus_fw-la after_o he_o have_v destroy_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n he_o deliver_v it_o up_o into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o saxon_n who_o willing_o and_o thankful_o receive_v it_o at_o his_o hand_n cadwan_n the_o britain_n ever_o since_o the_o battle_n of_o badon_n hill_n have_v be_v at_o variance_n among_o themselves_o and_o now_o since_o the_o fight_n of_o careticus_fw-la they_o can_v not_o agree_v who_o shall_v be_v their_o governor_n twenty_o four_o year_n together_o they_o be_v lead_v by_o sundry_a ruler_n against_o the_o enemy_n but_o find_v by_o experience_n into_o what_o precipice_n and_o disadvantage_n their_o stubborness_n and_o rash_a counsel_n have_v bring_v they_o with_o joint_a consent_n choose_v cadwan_n ruler_n of_o north-wales_n king_n over_o they_o this_o prince_n though_o his_o dominion_n be_v lesser_a than_o those_o his_o ancestor_n former_o possess_v yet_o he_o give_v early_a proof_n to_o the_o world_n that_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o mind_n be_v nothing_o diminish_v for_o present_o after_o his_o election_n he_o raise_v a_o large_a army_n resolve_v to_o enforce_v satisfaction_n from_o the_o saxon_n for_o shed_v the_o innocent_a blood_n of_o 1200_o monk_n of_o bangor_n edelferd_v king_n of_o northumberland_n who_o have_v cause_v this_o massacre_n understand_v his_o design_n think_v not_o to_o be_v behind_o hand_n with_o he_o wherefore_o associate_a himself_n with_o most_o of_o the_o saxon_a prince_n bring_v a_o good_a army_n into_o the_o field_n to_o meet_v his_o opposer_n both_o army_n be_v now_o in_o sight_n and_o every_o one_o expect_v when_o the_o storm_n that_o be_v over_o their_o head_n will_v break_v but_o on_o a_o sudden_a it_o blow_v over_o and_o fair_a wether_n immediate_o appear_v to_o both_o party_n for_o partly_o by_o mediation_n of_o friend_n and_o partly_o from_o a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o what_o sad_a consequence_n victory_n itself_o must_v needs_o be_v to_o either_o party_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v and_o these_o two_o irreconcilable_a enemy_n become_v for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o love_a friend_n he_o reign_v over_o the_o britain_n with_o great_a honour_n twenty_o two_o year_n cadwallo_n this_o prince_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a if_o not_o superior_a to_o many_o of_o his_o predecessor_n in_o conduct_n and_o valour_n always_o behave_v himself_o victorious_o too_o severe_o and_o rigorous_o according_a to_o the_o saxon_a writer_n how_o true_a i_o know_v not_o against_o his_o old_a enemy_n the_o saxon_n penda_fw-la king_n of_o mercia_n whether_o by_o agreement_n or_o conquest_n be_v doubtful_a promise_v to_o espouse_v his_o quarrel_n against_o the_o saxon_n who_o join_v their_o force_n together_o fall_v so_o vigorous_o upon_o the_o northumbrian_n that_o they_o not_o only_o discomfit_v their_o whole_a army_n but_o leave_v king_n edwin_n dead_a upon_o the_o place_n vengeance_n though_o late_o overtake_v these_o northumbrian_n for_o inhuman_o butcher_v the_o monk_n of_o bangor_n pursue_v afterward_o the_o saxon_n with_o that_o vehemence_n that_o nothing_o can_v satisfy_v his_o fury_n but_o the_o extirpation_n of_o both_o their_o race_n and_o name_n beside_o he_o not_o only_o slay_v many_o of_o their_o prince_n and_o most_o common_o rout_v their_o army_n but_o dispossess_v they_o of_o their_o kingdom_n at_o his_o pleasure_n two_o year_n after_o penda_n death_n make_v a_o grant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n to_o his_o son_n ulfridus_n he_o reign_v forty_o eight_o year_n his_o body_n be_v embalm_v be_v enclose_v in_o a_o brazen_a image_n and_o set_v upon_o a_o brazen_a horse_n of_o excellent_a beauty_n this_o the_o britain_n set_v up_o aloft_o upon_o the_o west_n gate_n of_o london_n call_v ludgate_n in_o token_n of_o his_o conquest_n and_o for_o a_o terror_n to_o the_o saxon_n bede_n very_o much_o detract_v from_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o prince_n but_o be_v a_o saxon_a with_o what_o credit_n or_o upon_o what_o ground_n he_o have_v do_v it_o my_o time_n will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o examine_v according_a to_o the_o british_a historian_n cadwallader_n succeed_v cadwalls_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o eminent_a saxon_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v slay_v his_o go_v to_o rome_n to_o be_v baptise_a by_o pope_n seigius_fw-la his_o die_a short_o afterward_o and_o his_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n at_o rome_n he_o will_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o with_o cadwallader_n the_o saxon_a for_o which_o cause_n we_o omit_v a_o particular_a discourse_n of_o he_o in_o this_o place_n and_o this_o observation_n mr._n speed_v and_o some_o other_o have_v not_o make_v concern_v the_o same_o as_o they_o have_v set_v he_o down_o positive_o a_o succeed_a king_n in_o the_o british_a government_n for_o the_o better_a read_v the_o english_a saxon_a word_n as_o likewise_o the_o more_o ancient_a runick_n or_o gothick_n alphabet_n which_o in_o the_o follow_a treatise_n do_v often_o necessary_o occur_v and_o may_v serve_v to_o explain_v what_o monument_n mr._n cambden_n have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o character_n confess_v he_o know_v not_o the_o meaning_n of_o they_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o prefix_v their_o distinct_a alphabet_n in_o this_o place_n the_o english_a saxon_a alphabet_n a._n b._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d c._n d._n e._n f._n g._n h._n i._o k._n l._n m._n n._n o._n p._n q._n r._n s._n t._n v._o r._n x._o y._n z._n a._n b._n c._n d._n e._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d h._n i_o k._n l._n m._n n._n o._n p._n q._n n._n r._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d v_o p._n x._o y._n z._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o imperfect_a sentence_n the_o english_a saxon_n mark_v with_o a_o single_a point_n a_o full_a period_n with_o three_o place_v thus_o v_a the_o old_a gothick_n alphabet_n a._n b._n c._n d._n e._n f._n g._n h._n i._o k._n l._n m._n n._n o._n p._n q._n r._n s._n t._n v._o x._o y._n z._n &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o gothick_n alphabet_n of_o vuphilas_n a._n b._n c._n d._n e._n f._n g._n h._n i._o k._n l._n m._n n._n o._n p._n q._n r._n s._n t._n th._n v._o w._n ch._n x._o z._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o goth_n mark_v a_o imperfect_a sentence_n with_o a_o single_a point_n a_o full_a period_n with_o two_o and_o a_o w_n among_o they_o be_v sometime_o pronounce_v as_o a_o v._n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o gothick_n or_o runick_n character_n be_v the_o character_n of_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n and_o general_o of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n as_o swedeland_n denmark_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v find_v in_o many_o monument_n in_o britain_n now_o england_n cite_v by_o mr._n cambden_n although_o without_o any_o interpretation_n annex_v to_o they_o the_o antiquity_n and_o original_a of_o the_o saxon_n be_v to_o write_v of_o the_o saxon_n a_o nation_n who_o next_o to_o the_o roman_n possess_v this_o island_n and_o so_o well_o establish_v their_o law_n and_o language_n therein_o as_o to_o this_o day_n they_o remain_v in_o force_n to_o their_o posterity_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o whole_o root_v out_o though_o often_o subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o
he_o take_v up_o the_o lot_n which_o have_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n they_o shall_v be_v innocent_a that_o have_v swear_v but_o if_o he_o take_v up_o the_o other_o than_o every_o one_o of_o the_o seven_o shall_v make_v his_o own_o lot_n that_o be_v a_o taene_o make_v of_o a_o twig_n and_o shall_v sign_v it_o with_o his_o own_o mark_n so_o distinct_o that_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n that_o stand_v about_o may_v know_v it_o again_o to_o be_v he_o this_o do_v they_o shall_v wrap_v they_o all_o up_o in_o a_o clean_a cloth_n and_o then_o lie_v they_o on_o the_o altar_n or_o relic_n than_o the_o priest_n if_o any_o be_v present_a or_o if_o not_o as_o be_v say_v before_o some_o innocent_a child_n shall_v take_v they_o one_o by_o one_o from_o the_o altar_n and_o as_o they_o come_v demand_v at_o every_o one_o who_o lot_n it_o be_v shall_v deliver_v it_o to_o the_o true_a party_n that_o know_v it_o to_o be_v his_o own_o he_o who_o letter_n be_v last_o of_o all_o draw_v shall_v be_v force_v to_o make_v composition_n for_o the_o manslaughter_n the_o rest_n who_o lot_n come_v before_o shall_v go_v free_a have_v not_o this_o custom_n by_o decide_v controversy_n by_o lot_n be_v use_v in_o a_o religious_a way_n by_o the_o heathen_a saxon_n the_o christian_n have_v never_o bring_v it_o into_o the_o church_n who_o though_o they_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o comply_v with_o some_o custom_n which_o the_o headiness_n of_o those_o time_n will_v not_o be_v wean_v from_o yet_o they_o never_o think_v fit_a to_o advance_v they_o to_o a_o high_a nature_n so_o that_o what_o be_v here_o perform_v on_o the_o christian_a altar_n be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o have_v be_v do_v on_o the_o heathen_a before_o the_o object_n only_o of_o the_o worship_n be_v change_v from_o tanfana_n their_o god_n of_o lot_n to_o the_o true_a god_n who_o know_v all_o thing_n alfur_n by_o this_o name_n they_o call_v their_o elf_n inhabit_v rock_n and_o cave_n and_o the_o sacrifice_n to_o they_o be_v call_v 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