Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	court_n	great_a	king_n	2,817	5	3.7634	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53222	America : being the latest, and most accurate description of the new vvorld containing the original of the inhabitants, and the remarkable voyages thither, the conquest of the vast empires of Mexico and Peru and other large provinces and territories : with the several European plantations in those parts : also their cities, fortresses, towns, temples, mountains, and rivers : their habits, customs, manners, and religions, their plants, beasts, birds, and serpents : with an appendix containing, besides several other considerable additions, a brief survey of what hath been discover'd of the unknown south-land and the arctick region : collected from most authentick authors, augmented with later observations, and adorn'd with maps and sculptures / by John Ogilby ...	Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683. Nieuwe en onbekende weereld.	1671 (1671)	Wing O165; ESTC R16958	774,956	643

distance Church-Government among the English Their Church-Government and Discipline is Congregational and Independent yet in some places more rigid than others for in many Towns there yet remains some leaven of Presbytery from which Sects our Independency had its Original insomuch that one of the most remarkable Opposers of Episcopal Government Doctor Bastwick who spoil'd so much Paper in railing at the Church Government of England and crying up Liberty of Conscience finding the Apostacy of his own Brethren of Boston from their first Principles and his generally prevail over them even to the denying that liberty to others which they seem'd only to aim at did write a large and vehement Dehortatory Epistle to them from their New Lights or Paths saying That according to their present Tenents they could not pretend to be better or other than a Christian Synagogue Their. Civil Government and Laws Their Laws and Methods of Government are wholly of their own framing each Colony for themselves makes an Annual choice of Governor Deputy Governor and a certain number of Assistants by the plurality of Suffrages collected from their several Towns the Electors are only Free-men and Church-Members for he that is not a Member of their Church can neither chuse nor be chosen a Magistrate nor have his Children Baptiz'd besides the loss of many other Priviledges and liable moreover to frequent if not constant Mulcts for absenting themselves from Divine Worship so call'd in their Meeting-houses Since the transmitting of the Patent in New England the Election is not by Voices nor erection of Hands as formerly but by Papers thus The general Court-electory sitting where are present in the Church or Meeting-house at Boston the old Governor Deputy and all the Magistrates and two Deputies or Burgesses for every Town or at least one all the Freemen are bid to come in at one Door and bring their Votes in Paper for the new Governor and deliver them down upon the Table before the Court and so pass forth at another Door those that are absent send their Votes by Proxies All being deliver'd in the Votes are counted and according to the major part the old Governor pronounceth That such an one is chosen Governor for the year ensuing Then the Freemen in like manner bring their Votes for the Deputy Governor who being also chosen the Governor propoundeth the Assistants one after another New Assistants are of late put in nomination by an Order of general Court before-hand to be consider'd of If a Freeman give in a Blank that rejects the Man nam'd if the Freeman makes any mark with a Pen upon the Paper which he brings that elects the Man nam'd Then the Blanks and mark'd Papers are number'd and according to the major part of either the Man in Nomination stands elected or rejected and so for all the Assistants And after every new Election which is by their Patent to be upon the last Wednesday in Easter Term the new Governor and Officers are all new Sworn The Governor and Assistants chuse the Secretary And all the Court consisting of Governor Deputy Assistants and Deputies of Towns give their Votes as well as the rest and the Ministers and Elders and all Church-Officers have their Votes also in all these Elections of chief Magistrates Constables and all other inferior Officers are sworn in the general quarter or other Courts or before any Assistant Every Free-man when he is admitted takes a strict Oath to be true to the Society or Jurisdiction There are two general Courts one every half year wherein they make Laws or Ordinances The Ministers advise in making of Laws especially Ecclesiastical and are present in Courts and advise in some special Causes Criminal and in framing of Fundamental Laws There are besides four quarter-Quarter-Courts for the whole Jurisdiction besides other petty Courts one every quarter at Boston Salem and Ipswich with their several Jurisdictions besides every Town almost hath a petty Court for small Debts and Trespasses under twenty Shillings Actions and Causes In the general Court or great quarter Courts before the Civil Magistrates are try'd all Actions and Causes Civil and Criminal and also Ecclesiastical especially touching Non-members And they themselves say that in the general and quarter Courts they have the Power of Parliament Kings-Bench Common-Pleas Chancery High-Commission and Star-Chamber and all other Courts of England and in divers Cases have exercis'd that Power upon the Kings Subjects there as is not difficult to prove They have put to death banish'd fin'd Men cut off Mens Ears whip'd imprison'd Men and all these for Ecclesiastical and Civil Offences and without sufficient Record In the lesser quarter Courts are try'd in some Actions under ten Pounds in Boston under twenty and all Criminal Causes not touching Life or Member From the petty quarter Courts or other Courts the parties may appeal to the great quarter Courts from thence to the general Court from which there is no Repeal Twice a year Grand-Juries in the said quarter Courts held before the general Courts are two Grand-Juries sworn for the Jurisdiction one for one Court and the other for the other and they are charg'd to enquire and Present Offences reduc'd by the Governor who gives the Charge Matters of Debt Trials Trespass and upon the Case and Equity yea and of Heresie also are try'd by a Jury The Parties are warn'd to challenge any Jury-man before he be sworn but because there is but one Jury in a Court for trial of Causes and all Parties not present at their Swearing the liberty of challenge is much hinder'd and some inconveniences do happen thereby Jurors are return'd by the Marshal he was at first call'd The Beadle of the Society The Parties in all Causes speak themselves for the most part and some of the Magistrates where they think cause requireth do the part of Advocates without Fee or Reward Though among the several Colonies which were founded here by the confluence of dissenting Zealots this Government is exercis'd differing from that of the Church and State of England yet in those Provinces which are granted by particular Persons the Government is much more conformable to that of England but as the Mattachusets or Bostoners were from the beginning the most Potent and Predominant of all the rest of the Colonies insomuch that Boston may well be accounted the Metropolis of all New England so of late years they have still usurp'd more and more Power and Authority over the rest and especially have not stuck to give Laws to the foresaid Provinces allotted to particular Persons and have gone about wholly to subjugate those places to themselves intrenching upon the rights of the true Proprietors and that even contrary to the Kings express Commands by his Officers there and as it were in open defiance of his Majesty and Government as is evident from this following Narration of their behavior upon a business of this nature Proceedings of the Mattachusets against

so made are in Force there till His Majesty thinks fit to alter them The Chief Court of Judicature is call'd The quarter-Quarter-Court because it is held every quarter of a Year where all Causes Criminal and Civil are heard and determin'd and the Judges of this Court are the Governor and Council The present Governor in this Year 1671. is Sir William Berkley who was made Governor by King Charles the First of Great Brittain c. in the Year 1640. And those of the Council are Sir Henry Chichesly who is one of the greatest and most considerable Planters there and Mr. Edward Diggs before-mention'd Mr. Thomas Ludwel Secretary Major-General Robert Smith and divers other worthy Gentlemen That part of the Countrey where the English are Planted is divided into nineteen Counties viz. Northampton-County in Acomack on the Eastern shore and on the Western shore Corotuck Lower-Norfolk Nansemund Isle of Wight Surry Warwick Henerico James Charles York New-Kent Gloucester Middlesex Lancaster Northumberland Westmoreland Rappahanock and Harford-Counties In every one of these Counties there are inferior county-County-Courts kept every Moneth these take no Cognizance of Causes relating to Life or Member or exceeding a certain limited Value such being refer'd to the Quarter-Courts only to which likewise there lie Appeals from their Inferior Courts There are Sheriffs Justices of the Peace and other Officers in every respective County appointed by the Governor for the Administration of Justice who sit there according to his Order and whereof these County-Courts are chiefly compos'd There are few Towns as yet erected in this Colony the Principal Seat of the English there is at a place call'd James-City in Honor of King James of Great Brittain c. This is situated in a Peninsula on the North side of James-River and has in it many fair Brick and other good Houses In this place are held the Quarter-Courts General Assemblies the Secretary's Office and all other Affairs and greatest Concerns of the Colony are here dispatch'd On the same side nearer the Mouth of this River stands Elizabeth-City containing also several good Houses of Brick and Timber Sir William Berkley the present Governor resides at a place somewhat distant from James-City call'd Green-Spring a fair Brick House which he himself caus'd to be built The other Towns of Note belonging to the English only Henricopolis or Henry's-Town so nam'd from Prince Henry then living built in a very convenient place more within Land about eighty Miles distant from James-City and Dale's-Gift so nam'd and Planted at the Charges of Sir Thomas Dale Deputy-Governor of the Countrey about the Year 1610. Of the Indians of Virginia The Indians of Virginia in Stature Complexion and Disposition differ very little from those of Mary-land Their Laws and Customs their way of Living and Apparel their Religion Money and manner of Burial are the same in both places all which are more particularly express'd in the precedent Description of that Province to which we refer the Reader Yet these Indians far exceed those of Mary-land in Treachery and Cruelty to the English there as will appear by this following Relation of their Proceedings towards them since the first Seating of that Colony wherein nevertheless the Civility of some particular Persons at their first Landing is not to be omitted Transactions between the English and the Natives Upon the first arrival of Captain Amidas and Captain Barlow in Wingandacoa now Virginia they were accosted by Granganimeo the King's Brother of that Countrey who attended with a Train of forty or fifty Men came in a very civil manner to Treat about a Commerce of Trade and Traffick which immediately began between them and several Barters were made Granganimeo who was very just of his Word and always kept his promis'd Day of meeting fancying most a Pewter Dish gave twenty Deer-skins for it and boring a Hole therein hung it about his Neck for a Breast-plate afterwards he with his whole Company and his Wife and Children frequently and familiarly did eat and drink aboard the English Ships the King himself call'd Wingina lying sick at his chief Town six days Journey off of a dangerous Wound which he had receiv'd from a neighboring King his mortal Enemy Some of the English going to Land upon the Isle of Roanoack were met by Granganimeo's Wife who her Husband being absent commanded her Servants some to draw their Boat ashore some to carry them on their Backs to Land others to carry in their Oars into the House for fear of stealing and having caus'd a great Fire to be made to warm them and to dry those that had been wet in their Voyage she afterwards Entertain'd them with a very plentiful Feast or Banquet after that Countrey fashion and when they took alarm at the coming of two or three of her Men with Bowes and Arrows she caus'd the Bowes to be broken and the Men to be beaten out of the House besides several other demonstrations of extraordinary civility and when notwithstanding all this they could not be perswaded to Lodge any where but in their Boat she us'd all means imaginable to make them quit their jealousie and accept of a Lodging in the House In the Year 1585. a Company that went over with Sir Richard Greenvill burnt the Town of Aquascogoc by reason of a Silver Cup that was stoln by some of the Indians took Prisoner Menatonon King of Chawonoc who gave a large Relation of another King about three days Journey off who possess'd an Island wonderfully rich in Pearl which was taken in great abundance in a deep Water that inviron'd it Going towards the Countrey of the Mangoacks among whom in the Province of Chaunis Temoatan they heard of a Mine of strange Copper call'd Wassador with Skiko the King of Chowonock's Son and Manteo a faithful Salvage for their Guide they were treacherously dealt with by Wingina alias Pemissapan for so his Brother Granganimeo being lately dead he had alter'd his Name who endeavor'd to stir up a Confederacy of the Chawonocks Moratocks and Mangoacks against them yet by the urgent perswasions of Ensenore his Father the truest Friend the English had after the death of Granganimeo and seeing them safe return'd from their Journey wherein he thought they had all perish'd and especially upon Menatonon's sending Messengers to them with Pearl and Okisco King of Weopomeock to yield himself Vassal to the Queen of England his Hatred was somewhat cool'd but Ensenore deceasing soon after he return'd to his old treacherous Practises again and in the end while he was contriving mischief against the Planters he himself was shot taken Prisoner and beheaded After the Company left upon Virginia by Sir Richard Greenwill for he himself was return'd tir'd out with hunger hardship and the many extremities they were at last reduc'd to had deserted the Place and obtain'd Passage for England through the civility of Sir Francis Drake pitying their distress fifty Men more were Landed upon Roanoack-Isle by the

into a Channel between high and Snowy Mountains whereupon he immediately judg'd as the famous Negromancer Roderick Talerus had often told him that there was the Passage through which the Northern Ocean flow'd into the Southern wherefore he resolutely adventur'd to Sail into those Sraights which in some places narrow and in others broad is an hundred and twenty Leagues long and full of small Isles and dangerous Rocks Whilst he still Sail'd on the Ship call'd Antonio Tacking about return'd to Cadiz But Magellanus enter'd the great South-Sea with three Sail on the 25. of October where the Sea-men suffer'd extremely by excessive Heat Drought and Famine three Moneths and twenty Days without sight of Land And now their Shooes and the Leather which cover'd their Shields began also to grow scarce which before had been counted a Dainty when they discover'd two Islands lying two hundred Leagues distance one from another yet both Desolate and Barren wherefore they were call'd the Unfortunate Isles After that they came amongst a great number of Islands whose Inhabitants were much inclin'd to Thievery for which cause they Denominated them Ladrones the chiefest Island call'd Borneo hath two hundred fifty four Leagues in Circumference whereon a Tree grows whose Leaves when faln off seem to be alive and creep like Worms The King of this Island entertain'd the Spaniards very courteously two Elephants bringing his Presents to them on the Shore out of a City consisting of twenty thousand Houses Near Borneo are two lesser Islands call'd Zubo and Matan The King of Zubo freely submitted himself to the Spaniards Magellanus slain and Magellanus leaving his Fleet at Anchor in the Haven went with his own and other Indian Boats and attended with some of the Zubensers to Matan where setting a Village on Fire he carry'd great Riches from thence This not satisfying he resolv'd within eight days to set upon the Royal Head-City but the King in his own Defence Encountering with Magellanus slew him and seven Spaniards more besides twenty two dangerously wounded those which escap'd by flight got to Zubo Spaniards murdered where being invited to Dinner by the King they were all of them in stead of a second Course Murther'd at Table The occasion of this was out of Revenge because the Spaniards had fall'n too foul upon their Women and Maids Devirginating and forcing them to their Pleasure than which rudeness nothing was among them more Detestable The Sea-men weakned by these Misfortunes were necessitated to burn their third Ship call'd St. Jago but Sailing to the Molucco Islands with the other two they Freighted them both with Cloves with which the Ship Trinitas Sail'd to New-Spain through the South-Sea and the Victoria An end of the Voyage about the world Commanded by John Sebastian de Lano went the same way which the Portuguese us'd and so to St. Lucar de Barrameda near Sivile where he came to Anchor with his Ship and eighteen Men. SECT X. Ferdinando Cortez his Voyage ALthough several Expeditions of the Spaniards to America prov'd very unsuccessful at the first yet they still undertook them afresh and with renewing Courage Ferdinando Sottus Sottus cruelty though he Landed five hundred Men in Florida yet brought no Treasure from thence onely he cut off the Hands of fifteen Princes because they would not discover their Mines of Gold Miserable end of Narvaez Yet far worse success had Pamphilus Narvaez who lost both his Fleet and Men saving onely ten out of six hundred in the River Palma and they also afterwards dy'd there or eat one another to satisfie their raging Hunger Cortez his Voyage But much better was the fortune of Ferdinando Cortez Sailing from Spain to America in the Year 1519. who having the Command given him over ten stout Ships and three Frigats with five hundred Foot and an additional Force of sixteen Horse rais'd by the new Spanish Inhabitants on Cuba with which Forces Landing on the Island Cozumella he prohibited Humane Sacrifice to their Idols and Erected a Cross with the Image of the Virgin Mary in one of their Temples and releas'd Hieronimus Aquilaris after a seven years Slavery Remarkable delivery having suffer'd Shipwrack with Valdivia at which time some that sav'd themselves in the Boat were by the Current in thirty days driven to Jucatan in which time seven dy'd of Hunger the rest going ashore were no sooner Landed but Sacrific'd by the Natives to their Gods or Zemes. Among the six that remain'd yet left alive and to be offer'd after the same manner the next day was this Aquilaris who with his Companions breaking Prison in the following night fled to a Neighboring Prince their Enemy and one that maintain'd a continual War against these Cannibals Strange Battel Here Cortez sent Articles of Peace to Taxmarus the King of the Countrey but he sleighting his proffer came down upon him into the Field with forty thousand Men drawn from the City Potanchanum which contain'd above twenty thousand Houses all built of Stone And indeed the Spaniards had here seen their last day had not Cortez drawn by a seeming advantage the Enemies under his Canon and sent his small Party of Horse to attend the motion of the Rear when so soon as they had fir'd their Canon making great Execution the Front routed and the Rear terrifi'd with the noise and smoke of the Guns they also broke being at the same instant Charg'd with the Horse which were so terrible to them that never saw Horses nor such Service on Horseback before that in a short time the whole Body of so great an Army was utterly dissipated and the triumphing Conquerors took possession of the empty City Potanchanum Potanchanum a City where Solacing they staid a whole Moneth Then from hence they Sail'd to Colvaca where upon the request of the Natives they settled a Colony Amongst the Presents which were there given to the Spaniards were some of their own Volumes Colvacana Books of what fasahion as also their Temples Books whose Leaves were made of the innermost Rind of a Tree and a kind of Paste made of their Meal glew'd together the Characters stood at some distance one after another rang'd like our Christ-Cross Row or A B C. Here Cortez was amaz'd to behold their stately Temples the Floors whereof were cover'd with Embroyder'd Tapestry beset with Precious Stones to which great multitudes flock'd being very zealous to perform their Devotions When their Seed is put into the Ground or come to its full growth they offer young Children to their Zemez richly Cloth'd having been fatten'd some Weeks before When they want Children they kill their Slaves and in default of them they pacifie them with Dogs Strange Sacrifices The Victims that go to be Sacrific'd they Worship with all Adoration Bowing and Congying before them Strange Idol-Worship Their Zeal in this their Idol-Worship may appear from a strange Custom observ'd by them when

at their great charge first three afterwards nine Ships with Warlike Preparations for recovering of the Possession of the said Lands lying on either side of the said River Canada and to expel and eject all the French Trading in those Parts wherein they had good Success and in Anno 1627. did there seize upon about eighteen of the French Ships wherein were found a hundred thirty five Pieces of Ordnance design'd for relief of the Royal Fort in L' Accadie and Quebeck in Nova Francia under the Command of Monsieur de Rocmand and Monsieur de la Tour Father of de la Tour Governor of the said Royal Fort whom together with the said Ships and Guns they brought into England and in the year 1628. they Possess'd themselves of the whole Region of Canada or Nova Francia situate on the North side of the River together with the Fort or Castle of Quebeck Sir Lewis Kirk being then constituted Governor of the place the French being then either expell'd or convey'd into England and the Arms of the King of England being publickly there erected and every where plac'd and before the year 1628. it was brought to pass by the said Sir William Alexander assisted both by the advice and charge of the said Kirk that in the parts of L' Accadie or Nova Scotia on the South side of the River Canada the whole place with the Forts thereon built being by him subdu'd presently came under the Power of the King of England that Region on the South side falling into the Possession of the said Sir William Alexander and that on the North side into the Possession of the Kirks 4. On March 29. 1632. a Peace being concluded between King Charles the First and Lewis the XIII it was amongst other things on the part of the King of England agreed That all the Forts as well in L' Accadie as in Nova Francia should be restor'd into the Possession of the Subjects of the French King which was exactly perform'd on the part of the English though to the great damage of the Kirks but on the part of the French although it was agreed as in the fourth and fifth Articles of Peace is set down to which reference is had yet nothing was ever perform'd of their parts so that the Kirks did thereupon suffer loss to the value of five thousand Pounds Sterl which were to be paid them by Monsieur de Cane a French-man but remain unpaid to this day 5. Anno 1633. the King of England taking notice that although the Forts and Castles according to the League were deliver'd up into the Possession of the French especially such as had been erected during their Possession thereof yet that his English Subjects were not to be excluded from Trade or free Commerce in those Regions that were first Discover'd and Possess'd by his Subjects did with the advice of his Council by his Letters Patents Dated May 11. 1633. upon consideration had of the Expences which the said Kirks had laid out upon the reducing of that Countrey with the Fort of Quebeck to the value of 50000lb. and also of their ready obeisance in resigning up the same on his Royal Command Grant unto Sir Lewis Kirk and his Brother John Kirk and his Associates for the term of thirty one years not yet expir'd full Priviledge not only of Trade and Commerce in the River Canada and places on either side adjacent but also to Plant Colonies and build Forts and Bulwarks where they should think fit 6. By vertue of which Commission Sir Lewis Kirk and his Brother John Kirk and his Associates in the Moneth of February next following viz. in 1633. set forth a Ship call'd The Merry Fortune Laden with Goods of a considerable value consign'd to those parts where during her Trading there without any just offence given and in time of Peace she was by the French forceably seiz'd on and carry'd into France and her Lading as if she had been lawful Prize Confiscated whereupon the Kirks suffer'd loss to the value of twelve thousand Pounds And although the Lord Scudamore Ambassador in France by the King of Englands special Command and the said John Kirk being there in Person by the King's Command did often earnestly urge that the Moneys due to the said Kirks and the said Ship with her Lading might be restor'd which for no other cause had been seiz'd upon and sold but only for that by the King's Commission she was found Trading at Canada yet he could obtain nothing but after some years fruitless endeavors return'd into England without accomplishing his desires 7. In the year 1654. Cromwel although an unjust Usurper of the Government yet upon consideration of the Premises taking a just occasion for requiring the Possession of L' Accadie sends forth several Ships under the Command of one Sedgwick who by vertue of the Authority granted him by Cromwel assaulted and subdu'd the aforesaid Forts in Nova Scotia and restor'd them into the Possession of the English And although in the year 1655. a League of firm Peace and Amity being concluded between Cromwel and the French King the French Ambassador did often urge the Restitution to the Possession of the French yet for the same causes aforesaid which had mov'd Cromwel to seize upon them it was thought fit still to retain the Possession of them and although according to the purport of the twenty fifth Article of the Peace Commissioners on both sides were to be appointed for the deciding and determining that Controversie yet nothing was done therein neither did the Commissioners ever meet within three Moneths as in the twenty fourth Article of the Treaty was provided and agreed So that now the case is very clear that the Possession to the English remains firm and just and that the Forts and Bulwarks before specifi'd are without all peradventure under the Power and Jurisdiction of the King of England Since the Restauration of his present Majesty the French Ambassador representing unto the King the Pretensions of the French unto the several Forts and other places in Accadie and urging the non-performance of the Articles of Agreement between Oliver Cromwel and the French King mov'd the King of England As a profess'd Enemy to all Violence for a Restitution of all the Forts and other places which were then in the possession of the English Not long after which whether upon the Ambassadors request or upon other important Affairs intervening or upon what other ground soever it were the French were suffer'd to re-enter on the foresaid places and do yet keep Possession of them till such time as the English claim under the just Title of the Kirks shall meet with some fit occasion of being reviv'd That which we suppose gives the French so much the more confidence in their claim of this Country is their presumption upon the Expedition of James Quartier whom they will have to be the first Discoverer if not Possessor not onely of the Isle of Assumption

the quality whereof being something corrected by Industry as there have been several trials thereof already made there may no doubt produce good Wine to the great encouragement and advantage of the Undertakers Brave Ships may be built there with little charge Clab-board Wainscot Pipe-staves and Masts for Ships the Woods will afford plentifully some small Vessels have been already built there In fine Beef Furrs Hides Butter Cheese Pork and Bacon to Transport to other Countreys are no small Commodities which by Industry are and may be had there in great plenty the English being already plentifully stock'd with all sorts of Cattel and Horses and were there no other Staple-Commodities to be hop'd for but Silk and Linnen the materials of which apparently will grow there it were sufficient to enrich the Inhabitants But the general Trade of Mary-land at present depends chiefly upon Tobacco it being the Planters greatest concern and study to store himself betimes with that Commodity wherewith he buys and sells and after which Standard all other Commodities receive their Price there they have of late vented such quantities of that and other Commodities that a hundred Sail of Ships from England Barbadoes and other English Plantations have been usually known to Trade thither in one Year insomuch that by Custom and Excize paid in England for Tobacco and other Commodities Imported from thence Mary-land alone at this present hath by his Lordships vast Expence Industry and Hazard for many years without any charge to the Crown improv'd His Majesties the King of Englands Revenues to the value of Forty thousand Pounds Sterl per annum at least The general way of Traffick and Commerce there is chiefly by Barter or Exchange of one Commodity for another yet there wants not besides English and other foraign Coyns some of his Lordships own Coyn as Groats Sixpences and Shillings which his Lordship at his own Charge caus'd to be Coyn'd and dispers'd throughout that Province 't is equal in fineness of Silver to English Sterling being of the same Standard but of somewhat less weight and hath on the one side his Lordships Coat of Arms stamp'd with this Motto circumscrib'd Crescite Maltiplicamini and on the other side his Lordships Effigies circumscrib'd thus Caecilius Dominus Terrae-Mariae c. The Government The Order of Government and settled Laws of this Province is by the Prudence and endeavor of the present Lord Proprietary brought to great Perfection and as his Dominion there is absolute as may appear by the Charter aforementioned so all Patents Warrants Writs Licenses Actions Criminal c. Issue forth there in his Name Wars Peace Courts Offices c. all in his Name made held and appointed Laws are there Enacted by him with the advice and consent of the General Assembly which consists of two Estates namely the first is made up by the Chancellor Secretary and others of his Lordships Privy-Council and such Lords of Mannors and others as shall be call'd by particular Writs for that purpose to be Issu'd by his Lordship The second Estate consists of the Deputies and Delegates of the respective Counties of the said Province elected and chosen by the free voice and approbation of the Free-men of the said respective Counties The Names of the Governor and Council in this present Year 1671. are as followeth Mr. Charles Calvert his Lordships Son and Heir Governor Mr. Philip Calvert his Lordships Brother Chancellor Sir William Talbot Baronet his Lordships Nephew Secretary Mr. William Calvert his Lordships Nephew Muster-Master-General Mr. Jerome White Surveyor-General Mr. Baker Brooke his Lordships Nephew Mr. Edward Lloyd Mr Henry Coursey Mr. Thomas Trueman Major Edward Fits-Herbert Samuel Chen Esq His Lordship or his Lieutenant there for the time being upon due occasion Convenes Prorogues and Dissolves this Assembly but whatsoever is by his Lordships Lieutenant there with the consent of both the said Estates Enacted is there of the same Force and Nature as an Act of Parliament is in England until his Lordship declares his dis-assent but such Laws as his Lordship doth assent unto are not afterwards to be Alter'd or Repeal'd but by his Lordship with the consent of both the said Estates Their chief Court of Judicature is held at St. Maries Quarterly every Year to which all Persons concern'd resort for Justice and is call'd The Provincial Court whereof the Governor and Councilare Judges To the Court there doth belong several sworn Attorneys who constantly are present there and act both as Barristers and Attorneys there are likewise chief Clerks Bayliffs and other Officers which duly attend the Court in their respective places The Province is divided at present so far as it is inhabited by English into Counties whereof there be ten viz. St. Maries Charles Calvert Anne Arandel and Baltemore Counties which first five lie on the West side of the Bay of Chesapeack on the Eastern side whereof commonly call'd The Eastern-Shore lies Sommerset Dorchester Talbot Caecil and Kent Counties which last is an Island lying near the Eastern-shore of the said Bay Besides the Provincial Court aforenam'd there are other inferior Courts appointed to be held in every one of the Counties six times in the year for the dispatch of all Causes not relating to Life or Member and not exceeding the value of three thousand weight of Tobacco the decision of all other Causes being reserv'd to the Provincial or higher Court before-mention'd and there lies Appeals from the County-Courts to the Provincial Court There are Sheriffs Justices of the Peace and other Officers appointed by the Lord and Proprietary or his Lordships Lieutenant for the time being in the said respective Counties and without four Justices of which one to be of the Quorum none of the said respective County-Courts can be held any of his Lordships Privy Council may sit as Judge in any of the said County-Courts by vertue of his place These Courts are appointed to be held at convenient Houses in the said Counties which commonly are not far distant from some Inn or other House of Entertainment for accommodation of Strangers one of the said six County Courts in each County is held for settling of Widows and Orphans Estates There are Foundations laid of Towns more or less in each County according to his Lordships Proclamation to that effect Issu'd forth in the year 1668. In Calvert County about the River of Patuxent and the adjacent Cliffs are the Bounds of three Towns laid out one over against Point Patience call'd Harvy Town another in Battel-Creek call'd Calverton and a third upon the Cliffs call'd Herrington and Houses already built in them all uniform and pleasant with Streets and Keys on the Water side In the County of St. Maries on the East side of St. Georges River is the principal and original Seat of this Province where the general Assembly and Provincial Courts are held and is call'd St. Maries being erected into a City by that Name where divers Houses are already

rest of the Colony Lands will be alienable onely with this difference that it cannot be parcell'd out but if fold it must be altogether 4. There is to be a Biennial Parliament consisting of the eight Proprietors the Landgraves and Casiques and one out of every Precinct that is the six neighboring Colonies for the People chosen by the Freeholders these are to sit and Vote altogether for the making of Laws which shall be in force no longer than sixty years after their Enacting the great mischief of most Governments by which not onely the People are mightily entangled by multiplicity of Rules and Penalties and thereby laid open to the Malice and Designs of troublesom Men and cunning Projectors but which is far worse the whole frame of the Government in tract of time comes to be remov'd from its original Foundation and thereby becomes more weak and tottering 5. There are eight supream Courts for the dispatch of all publick Affairs the first consists of the Palatine who is the eldest of the Proprietors and hath power to call Parliaments and dispose of publick Offices The other seven supream Courts are 1. The chief Justices for the determining of Controversies of Meunt and Tuum and judging of Criminals 2. The Chancellors for passing of Charters and managing the State Matters of the Province 3. The High-Constables for Military Affairs 4. The Admirals for Maritime Affairs 5. The High-Stewards for Trade 6. The Treasurers for the publick Stock and 7. The Chamberlains for Ceremonies Fashions Marriages Burials c. These are the seven supream Courts to whom lies the ultimate Appeal in all Causes belonging to them Each of these Courts consists of one Proprietor and six other Councellors whereof two are chosen by the Nobility and two by the People All the number of these eight Courts joyn'd together make the Grand Council which are in the nature of a Council of State and are entrusted with the management of Affairs of greatest concernment There is also in every County a Court and in every Precinct another from the Precinct Court there lies an Appeal to the County Court and from the County Court to the Proprietors Court to which the Matter in question belongs and there is the last decision and determination thereof without any farther Appeal And to keep the People from the Charges and vexation of long Suits to the enriching of Men cunning in Words care is taken that no Cause shall be Try'd more than once in any one Court and that profess'd Pleaders for Money shall not be allow'd Liberty of Conscience is here also allow'd in the greatest latitude but yet so that neither Atheists or Men of no Religion are permitted Atheism Irreligion and vicious Lives being condemn'd as disagreeable to humane Nature inconsistent with Government and Societies and destructive to all that is useful to or becoming of Mankind as on the other hand rigorous Imposing of and hot Contentions about the Ceremonies and Circumstances of Religion is an occasion of perpetual Strife Faction and Division keeps Men from sedate and temperate Enquiries after Truth eats out the great Cement of humane Conversation Charity and cannot be found in any one who hath but modesty enough to think himself less than a Pope and short of Infallibility There is also to be a Register of all Grants and Conveyances of Land to prevent even the occasions of Controversies and Law-Suits There are several other less considerable Particulars in this Government all contriv'd and design'd for the good and welfare of the People all which are so well put together and in such equal proportion ballance each other that some judicious Men who have seen it say it is the best and fairest Frame for the well-being of those who shall live under it of any they have seen or read of CHAP. III. Florida Situation and Bounds SOuth-West of Virginia lieth the spacious Countrey of Florida remarkable hitherto rather by the great pains which the Spaniards have taken and the ill Successes they have met with in the discovery and search of this Province than by any thing else they have discover'd in it answerable to their desires On the East it hath the Atlantick Ocean or Mare del Nordt on the South and South-West the Gulph of Mexico and Mare Virginium and full West part of New Gallicia and some other Countreys not yet perfectly known This Countrey is also one of those said to have been first of all discover'd by Sir Sebastian Cabot at the Charges of the King of England about the Year 1497. but afterwards more throughly search'd into by John some de Leon a Spaniard Ponce's Expedition who in the Year 1511. set Sail with three Ships out of the Haven St. German in Porto Rico North-West to the Isles Del Veio Caycos Yaguna Amaguyao Manegua and Guanahani first discover'd by Christopher Colonus and call'd St. Salvador After that Steer'd North-West by a Coast which because of its pleasant prospect was call'd Florida or according to the more common Opinion because it was on Palm-Sunday which the Spaniards call Pascha de Flores or Pascha Florida that he Landed here And to find out a Haven he kept sight of the Shore which appear'd South-West from him Here the Ships met with so strong a Tide that notwithstanding they had a fresh Gale of Wind yet could they not stem it one of the Ships was driven to Sea out of sight the other two casting Anchor which raking drove toward the Shore whither being beckned by the Indians they immediately went when no sooner he Landed but they ran in great Companies to make themselves Masters of the Vessels kill'd one Spaniard wounded two more the Night approaching put an end to the Fight From hence Sailing to the River La Cruix for Wood and Water they were resisted by sixty Natives which they put to flight with their Guns and took one Prisoner after which they erected a Stone Cross The Promontory by which glides the strong Current lies in twenty Degrees North-Latitude and call'd Cabo de Corrientes as the Row of Isles before the Main Land Los Martyres because the Cliffs at a distance appear like Men standing on Poles Lastly after some small Encounters with the Floridans Ponce return'd home Water to make old People look young being onely inform'd falsly by the Indians that in Florida was a River and on the Isle Bimini a Fountain whose Waters made old People young On the King's Command the Spaniards were permitted to make inspection into the Countrey in which they were every where courteously Entertain'd and not without Gold and Silver Presents Treachery of Vasquez Returning Aboard Vasquez invited the. Indians to go with him under pretence of returning them thanks for the Favours which they had bestowed upon him but no sooner had he gotten a considerable number in his Ships but he set Sail and losing one Ship arriv'd with the other safe at Hispaniola with a few Indians Indians misused

which on that side it is bounded having on the West Mare del Zur on the South Lima and on the East Los Quixos It lieth in a manner right under the Line and is said to be seventy two Leagues in length and in some places about twenty five in breadth The Winter begins here in October and continues till March in which fall mighty Showers and on the Mountains abundance of Snow but all the Summer long the Sun is seldom darkned with a Cloud Many of the Inhabitants die of a Giddiness in the Head about the beginning and end of Summer The POX also destroys many of the Natives with which Disease they are often born and give it to the Spaniards who are not able to abstain from the Indian Women they use Sassaparilla and the Wood Guaiacum to cure themselves with Here grow also many poysonous Herbs which the Peruvians make use of to poyson one another The Fruit Quaba In the farthest parts of Quito grows the salt and cooling Fruit Quaba two Handfuls long cover'd with a grey Rind and within full of white Pulp and hard Kernels The Tree Guaiaba The Tree Guaiaba hath a pale smooth Bark thick Boughs hard and glittering Leaves Flowers consisting of five Leaves not unlike a Peacock's Plume long Apples woolly without and within full of a pale red Pulp and eatable Stones the Root which spreads it self very much is sweet and when boyl'd cures the Bloody-flux This Tree grows in most places especially in low Grounds the more because the Kernels which the Birds picking out let fall on the Ground spring up in new Trees The Spanish Fruits as Peaches Cittrons Figs Pomegranates Pears Quinces and Oranges grow also here in great abundance but when ripe are subject to rot Moreover the Fields abound with Wheat Barley and Maiz the Pastures afford plenty of Grass for Oxen Horses and Sheep which bring forth Lambs twice in fourteen Moneths The Ocean and Rivers store of Fish the Stream Barbara us'd formerly to produce Gold also In moist Grounds the Inhabitants find abundance of Salt-petre the best that is for the making of Gun-powder The Inns Tambos For the Accommodation of Travellers Inns call'd Tambos are built near the High-ways exactly five Leagues distant one from another where all sorts of Provisions are sold at a set Price The Nature of the People The Natives antiently went Cloth'd in a Frock without Sleeves as wide on the top as at the bottom and pleited their long Hair They are strong well proportion'd in Body and subtile enough to learn any Art but treacherous inconstant and inclin'd to Drunkenness They were very hard also to be brought to receive the Roman Religion so that most of them would not suffer themselves to be Baptiz'd till they lay a dying They also drove a great Trade in Cotton Wooll and Cloth This Tract of Land produces Maiz and abundance of Mortuanos a Fruit resembling Damask Prunes which eaten in excess cause Drunkenness and Faintness The Lake Yaguarcocha signifying Bloody-Water because the Inga Guayanacava kill'd and drown'd twenty thousand there Towns and Places of chief note The chief Towns and Places of Note are 1. Caranguez antiently a Royal City where stood a sumptuous and stately Palace of the Kings of Peru now almost deserted The Palace built of Stone in a little Plain without either Mortar or Iron-work manifests its former glory by its Ruines 2. The Royal Castle of Atabalo or Ottavallis in the building of which the Ingas spar'd no Cost nor Charges and indeed it is a Structure no way inferior to any of the antient Roman Edifices Between this Castle and Cochequi a stately House lies a cold snowy Mountain Moreover the Spaniards have several Habitations along the Way to Quito and especially in the Valley Annaquito where the Vice-Roy Vela lost the Battel fought against Gonsalvo Pizarro 3. Quito commonly call'd St. Francisco de Quito There stood formerly here certain Palaces built by the Ingas but the City was re-built by the Spaniards at the Foot of a certain Ridge of Mountains which it hath on the North and North-West side of it and are said by Laet to cross the whole Countrey of Peru quite over from the South to the North Sea It was soon after the Building inhabited by five hundred Families of Spaniards at least besides Natives and well fortifi'd and might be thought a Town very well seated in all respects but for the neighborhood of a Vulcan which at times annoyeth it very much as namely in the Year 1560. when it vomited out such abundance of flaming Cinders and other sulphureous Matter that had it not been for a Shower of Rain unexpectedly falling would have much damnifi'd if not destroy'd the Place The Natives about Quito are more Moraliz'd than other Peruvians The Valleys which are warm'd by the Sun produce all manner of Fruit-Trees and large Vineyards and the Root Papas not unlike Apples The Quintla which is of 〈◊〉 heighth hath little Seeds of which a pleasant Liquor is boyl'd From Quito the High-way leads to Cusco along which at every four Leagues distance stands a brave Palace and from Cusco to Chili being in all above a thousand Leagues long The City built on a sandy Soyl is divided in the middle by a Moat over which lead several Bridges the Streets are large and ●●eight and full of handsom Houses and at the ends of the four chief Streets four Market-places Besides the Cathedral are two other Churches ●●dicated to the 〈◊〉 Sebastian and Blas●●● The Cloysters of Franciscan and 〈…〉 are 〈◊〉 small Ornament to the City Besides other stately Structures are the Resid●●● 〈…〉 the Receivers of the Kings Revenues to which the Peruvians that live a●●●●● 〈◊〉 being computed no less than fifty thousand in number ●ay Tri●●● and to keep them in subjection the City Quito is always well stor●d with a●● 〈◊〉 of Ammunition and Instruments of War The chiefest Trade h●●● 〈…〉 Goats and other Cattel Cotton-Clothes Cloth Flax Ha●s 〈…〉 ●●gar and Salt which Salt being grey and bitter springs out of a Fountain in 〈◊〉 Coun●●y Mira. The Oyl Wine and Drugs which are us'd here are fetch●d from the South Sea up the River Ambato and from thence with Carts into the City 4. Thomebamba famous for a Royal Palace built there by some of the Ingas It lies Southward from Quito in the Province of Canares where two Rivers commix their Waters near a Plain abounding with Venison There yet remain considerable Ruines of this Palace in which one may discern the vast Dimensions of divers Rooms in some of which Arms were kept and in others Provisions and Clothes of which kind of Buildings or Magazines the Ingas had erected above a thousand in Peru especially along the High-way that they might have their Ammunition ready in all places if need should require On the left side of Thomebamba appeal'd the famous Temple of the Sun whose Gates were not onely curiously Painted but

and Beaver Skins sew'd together others Otter Skins and Rackoon Skins most of them in the Winter having his deep Furr'd Cat Skin like a large Muff which he shifts to that Arm which lieth most expos'd to the Wind. Although they are poor yet is there in them the sparks of natural Pride which appears in their longing desire after many kind of Ornaments wearing Pendants in their Ears in form of Birds Beasts and Fishes Carv'd out of Bone Shells and Stone with long Bracelets of their curious wrought Wampompeage and Mowhackees which they put about their Necks and Loins these they count a rare kind of Decking many of the better sort bearing upon their Cheeks certain Pourtraitures of Beasts as Bears Deers Mooses Wolves c. some of Fowls as of Eagles Hawks c. which is not a superficial Painting but a certain Incision or else a raising of their Skin by a small sharp Instrument under which they convey a certain kind of black unchangeable Ink which makes the desir'd form apparent and permanent Others have certain round Impressions down the outside of their Arms and Breasts in form of Mullets or Spur-rowels which they imprint by searing Irons W●ether these be Foils to illustrate their unparallel'd Beauty as they deem it or Arms to blazon their antique Gentility cannot easily be determin'd But a Segamore with a Humbird in his Ear for a Pendant a black Hawk on his Head for his Plume Mowhackees for his Gold Chain good store of Wampompeage begirting his Loins his Bowe in his Hand his Quiver at his Back with six naked Indian Lacquies at his Heels for his Guard thinks himself little Inferior to the great Cham. Their Diet Cookery Meal-times and Hospitality at their Kettles In Winter time they have all manner of Fowls and Beasts of the Land and Water Pond-fish with Cathaires and other Roots Indian Beans and Clamms in the Summer they have all manner of Sea-fish with all sorts of Berries For the ordering of their Victuals they Boil or Roast them having large Kettles which they Traded for with the French long since and do still buy of the English as their need requires before they had substantial Earthen Pots of their own making Their Spits are no other than cloven Sticks sharpen'd at one end to thrust into the ground into these cloven Sticks they thrust the Flesh or Fish they would have Roasted behemming a round fire with a dozen of Spits at a time turning them as they see occasion They seldom or never make Bread of their Indian Corn but seethe it whole like Beans eating three or four Corns with a mouthful of Fish or Flesh sometimes eating Meat first and Corns after filling the Chinks with their Broth. In Summer when their Corn is spent Sqoutersquashes is their best Bread a Fruit like a young Pumpion But as all are fellows at Foot-ball so they all meet Friends at the Kettle saving their Wives that Dance a Spaniel-like attendance at their Backs for their Fragments If their occasions cause them to Travel the best of their Victuals for their Journey is Nocake as they call it which is nothing but Indian Corn parch'd in the hot Ashes the Ashes being sifted from it it is afterwards beaten to Powder and put into a long Leathern Bag truss'd at their Back like a Knapsack out of which they take thrice three Spoonfuls a day dividing it into three Meals If it be Winter and Snow be on the ground they can eat when they please making use of Snow for their Drink in Summer they must stay till they meet with a Spring or Brook with this strange viaticum they will travel four or five days together They keep no Set-Meals their Store being spent they champ on the Bit till they meet with fresh Supplies either from their own endeavors or their Wives industry who trudge to the Clam-banks when all other means fail Though they are sometimes scanted yet are they as free as Emperors both to their Countreymen and English be he stranger or near acquaintance counting it a great discourtesie not to eat of their high-conceited Delicates Of their hardiness Their hardiness is much to be admir'd no ordinary pains making them so much as alter their countenance beat them whip them punch them if they put on a resolution they will not winch for it whether it be their benumm'd insensibleness of smart or their hardy resolutions is hard to resolve It might be a Perillus his Bull or the Rack might force an out-cry from them but a Turkish drubbing would not move them the unexpected approach of a mortal Wound by a Bullet Arrow or Sword striking no more terror nor causing no more exclamation in them than if it had been a shot into the body of a Tree such Wounds as would be sudden death to an English Man would be nothing to them whether it be that by their rare skill in the use of Vegetatives or by Diabolical Charms they cure them nevertheless the very name and thoughts of death is so hideous to them or any thing that presents it so terrible that a hundred of them will run from two or three arm'd with Guns In the Night they need not to be feared for they will not budge from their own Dwellings for fear of their Abamacho the Devil whom they much fear specially in evil enterprizes they will rather lie by an English fire than go a quarter of a Mile in the dark to their own Dwellings but they are well freed from this Scare-crow since the coming of the English and less care for his delusions Of their Kings Government and Subjects obedience Now for the matter of Government amongst them it is the custom of their Kings to inherit the Son always taking the Kingdom after his Fathers death If there be no Son then the Queen rules if no Queen the next to the Blood-Royal who comes in otherwise is but counted an usurping Intruder if his fair carriage bear him not out the better they will soon Unscepter him Some say the chief Powahe is next in Dignity and Authority to the King and when he dies Marries the Squasachem or Queen The Kings have no Laws to Command by nor have they any annual Revenues yet commonly are they so either fear'd or belov'd that half their Subjects estate is at their Service and their Persons at his Command by which Command he is better known than by any thing else for though he hath no Kingly Robes to make him glorious in the view of his Subjects nor daily Guards to succor his Person nor Court-like attendance nor sumptuous Palaces yet do they yield all submissive subjection to him accounting him their Soveraign going at his Command and coming at his Beck not so much as expostulating the cause though it be in matters thwarting their wills he being accounted a disloyal Subject that will not effect what his Prince Commands Whosoever is known to Plot Treason or to lay violent hands

on his lawful King is presently Executed Once a Year he takes his Progress accompanied with a dozen of his best Subjects to view his Countrey to recreate himself and establish good Orders When he enters into any of their Houses without any more Complement he is desir'd to sit down on the Ground for they use neither Stools nor Cushions and after a little respite all that are present come in and sit down by him one of his Seniors pronouncing an Oration gratulatory to his Majesty for love and the many good things they enjoy under his peaceful Government A King of large Dominions hath his Vice-Roys or inferior Kings under him to agitate his State Affairs and keep his Subjects in good Decorum Other Officers there are but how to distinguish them by Name is something difficult For their Laws as their Vices come short of many other Nations so they have not so many Laws though they are not without some which they inflict upon notorious Malefactors as Traitors to their Prince inhumane Murtherers and some say Adulterers for Theft as they have nothing to steal worth the Life of a Man therefore they have no Law to Execute for Trivials a Subject being more precious in the Eye of his Prince than where Men are so scarce to be cast away upon so sleight a matter A Malefactor having deserv'd Death and being apprehended is brought before the King and some other of the wisest Men where they enquire out the original of the thing after proceeding by aggravation of Circumstances he is found Guilty and Cast by the Jury of their strict Inquisition he is Condemn'd and Executed in the following manner The Executioner comes in who blind-folds the Party sets him in the publick view and Brains him with a Tamahauke or Club which done his Friends bury him Of their Marriages Now to speak something of their Marriages the Kings and the Powwows or great Doctors may have two or three Wives but seldom use it Men of ordinary Rank having but one which dilproves the report that they had eight or ten Wives apiece When a Man hath a desire to Marry he first gets the good will of the Maid or Widow after the consent of her Friends for her part and for himself if he be at his own disposing and if the King will the Match is made her Dowry of Wampompeage paid the Sagamore or King who for every Marriage hath a Fathom of Wampompeage which is about the value of seven or eight shillings joyns their Hands never to part till Death unless she prove a Whore for which they may put away their Wives Of their Worship Invocations and Conjurations As it is natural to all Mortals to worship something so do these People but exactly to describe to whom their Worship is chiefly bent is very difficult They acknowledge especially two Ketan some say Tantum their good God and Hobamocco some say Squantum their evil God to Ketan they Sacrifice as the ancient Heathens did to Ceres after their Garners be full with a good Crop They likewise Invocate this God for fair Weather for Rain in time of Drought and for the recovery of their Sick but if they do not hear them then they verrifie the old Verse Flectere si nequeo Superos Acheronta movebo their Powwows betaking themselves to their Exorcismes and Necromantick Charms by which they bring to pass strange things if we may believe the Indians who report of one Pissacannaw that he could make the Water burn the Rocks move the Trees dance and metamorphose himself into a flaming Man In Winter when there is no green Leaves to be got he would out of the Ashes of an old Leaf calcin'd and put into the Water produce a new green Leaf And of a dead Snakes Skin a living Snake both to be seen felt and heard The manner of their action in their Conjuration is thus The Parties that are sick or lame being brought before them the Powwow sitting down the rest of the Indians giving attentive audience to his Imprecations and Invocations and after the violent expression of many a hideous bellowing and groaning he makes a stop and then all the Auditors with one voice utter a short Canto which done the Powwow still proceeds in his Invocations sometimes roaring like a Bear other times groaning like a dying Horse foaming at the Mouth like a chased Boar smiting on his naked Brest and Thighs with such violence as if he were mad Thus will he continue sometimes half a day spending his Lungs sweating out his Fat and tormenting his Body in this diabolical Worship Sometimes the Devil for requital of their Worship recovers the Party to nuzzle them up in their devillish Religion But since the English upon whom and in whose presence it is said the Powwows could never work their Witchcrafts frequented those Parts they daily fall from his Colours relinquishing their former Fopperies and acknowledge the Power of the English-man's God as they call him And it is reported of them that at the very first they were so tractable to the Christian Religion that they would say King James was good and his God good but their Tanto nought though of their two Gods he was accounted the good one Of their Wars They use no other Weapons in War than Bowes and Arrows saving that their Captains have long Spears on which if they return Conquerors they carry the Heads of their chief Enemies that they slay in the Wars it being the Custom to cut off their Heads Hands and Feet to bear home to their Wives and Children as true tokens of their renowned Victory When they go to their Wars it is their Custom to paint their Faces with diversity of Colours some being all black as Jet some red some half red and half black some black and white others spotted with divers kinds of Colours being all disguis'd to their Enemies to make them more terrible to their Foes putting on likewise their rich Jewels Pendents and Wampompeage to put them in mind that they Fight not onely for their Children Wives and Lives but likewise for their Goods Lands and Liberties Being thus Arm'd with this Warlike Paint the antique Warriors make towards their Enemies in a disorder'd manner without any Soldier-like Marching or Warlike Postures being deaf to any word of Command ignorant of falling off or on of doubling Ranks or Files but let flie their winged Shaftsmen without either fear or wit Their Artillery being spent he that hath no Arms to Fight finds Legs to run away Their Games and Sports of activity They have two sorts of Games one call'd Puim the other Hubbub not much unlike Cards and Dice being no other than Lottery Puim is fifty or sixty small Bents of a Foot long which they divide to the number of their Gamesters shuffling them first between the Palms of their Hands be that hath more than his Fellow is so much the forwarder in his Game Many other Whimsies