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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51275	Geography rectified, or, A description of the world in all its kingdoms, provinces, countries, islands, cities, towns, seas, rivers, bayes, capes, ports : their ancient and present names, inhabitants, situations, histories, customs, governments, &c. : as also their commodities, coins, weights, and measures, compared with those at London : illustrated with seventy six maps : the whole work performed according to the more accurate observations and discoveries of modern authors / by Robert Morden.	Morden, Robert, d. 1703.	1688 (1688)	Wing M2620; ESTC R39765	437,692	610

be Rich. A New Map of VIRGINIA By Rob t Morden NO sooner had Colonus alias Columbus made his prime discovery of the Western World when seconded by John Cabot a Venetian the Father of Sebastian Cabot in behalf by the incouragement and at the charges of Henry the Seventh King of England who in the year 1497 discovered all this Coast from the Cape of Florida in the South beyond New-found-land in the North as far as to the Latitude of 67 and half Causing the Sachims or Petit-Kings to turn Homagers to the King and Crown of England This discovery by the two Cabots Father and Son did first intitle he Crown of England to the right of that vast Tract of Land. This design was after seconded by Mr. Hare bringing thence certain of the said Petit-Kings who did homage to King Henry the Eight Rediscovered by the Direction and at the charge of Sir Walter Rawleigh Anno 1584 who sending Mr. Philip Amadas and Mr. Arthur Barlow did take possession thereof in Queen Elizabeths name in honor of whom he caused all the said Tract of Land to be called Virginia Some say it was so called by the Queen her self by the Natives called Apalchen but Virginia is now circumscribed by that space of Land that lies between Mary-land which bounds it on the North and Carolina on the South New-England New-York New-Jersey Mary-land Carolina and Pensilvania have since been separated from it by particular Patents and made distinct Provinces of themselves The entrance by Sea into this Country is by the Mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac between Cape Henry and Cape Charles The chief Rivers of Virginia are 1. Powhatan now called James River on the West side of the mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac this River is at its entrance about three Miles wide and Navigable about one hundred and fifty Miles 2. Pamaunkee termed York River fourteen Miles Northward from James River Navigable now sixty or seventy Miles but with small Vessels about thirty or forty Miles farther 3. Rappahanoc antiently known by the name of Toppahanoc Navigable about one hundred and thirty Miles Besides these Navigable and more principal Rivers there are other smaller Rivers and of less note which fall into some or other of the forementioned Into Powhattan falls Apumatuc Southward Eastward Quyonycahanuc Nunsamund and Chesopeac Northward Chick●mabania Into Pamuunkee fall Poyankatank That part of the Country now planted by the English is divided into Nineteen Counties viz. On the Eastern Shore the Country of Northampton in Acomack on the Western Shore the Counties of Caratuck Lower-Norfolk Nansemund Isle of Wight Surry Warwick Henrico James Charles York New-Kent Glocester Middlesex Lancaster Northumberland Westmoreland Rappahanock and Hartford Of the few Towns hitherto erected in this Colony the chief is James Town the principal seat of the English and so denominated from and in honor of King James of Great Britain This Town is situated in a Peninsula on the North-side of James-River and hath in it many fair Houses whereof some are of Brick and at a little distant from the City is a fair Brick House called Green-Spring whe e the present Governor himself usually resides The other English Towns of most considerable note are only three viz. Henricopolis or Henry's Town situated about eighty Miles from James's City farther within Land Dales Gift so named from Sir Thomas Dale Deputy-Governor in the year 1610 at whose charges it was built and planted and Elizabeth's City containing several good Houses of Brick and Stone and lying on the same side of the River with James's City only nearer the mouth of the River Though English and other Foreign Coyns are not wholly wanting here upon several occasions yet the usual way of Traffick is by exchange of one Commodity for another but the general Standard by which all other Commodities receive their value is Tobacco which of all other Commodities this Country is capable of producing hath been hitherto the Subject of the Planters Industry of which there are two sorts one called Sweet-Scented the other called Oranoac which signifies as much as bright and large the first is of the greatest price the other more in quantity The Plantations that are judg'd to produce the best sort of Sweet-Scented are upon York River Of this Commodity of Tobacco there is so great a quantity planted in Virginia and imported from thence into England that the Custom and Excise paid for it in England yields the King about 50000 or 60000 Pound Sterling yearly for there are bound hither every year above one hundred and fifty Sail of Ships from England and other English Plantations merely for the taking off of this Commodity which they barter for Clothing Houshold-Stuff and all manner of Utensils and the only thing which lessens the value of it is the great quantity that is planted of it which if it were in less abundance it would be of much more esteem and yield far greater profit The Government of Virginia is by a Governor and Council deputed and authorized from time to time by the King of Great Britain the Legislative Power being in the Governor and a General Assembly which he calls to advise with and which consists of two Houses the upper House which is the Council it self and the lower which consists of chosen Bug●sses The chief Court of Judicature where all Civil and Criminal Causes are heard and determined and where the Governor and Council are Judges is called the Quarter-Court as being held every quarter of a year There are also Inferior Courts which are kept every Month in each of the forementioned Counties where matters not of the highest moment that is to say not relating to Life or Member or exceeding a certain limited value are tried and from whence in such Cases Appeals are made to the Quarter Courts There are likewise appointed by the Governor for the better administration of Justice in every respective Country Sheriffs Justices of Peace and other Officers of whom being deputed by the Governor to sit there these Country-Courts chiefly consist The Climate of Virginia is generally healthful and since the rectification of Diet and Lodging not disagreeable to English Bodies however at the first Plantation they were subject to a Distemper called a Seasoning though of late not frequent and much less mortal A Description of Mary-Land MAry-Land is a large and fertile Province lying between thirty eight Degrees and forty Degrees of North Latitude upon both sides of Cheasa-peak-Bay which is Navigable near two hundred Miles The Southerly Banks of the River Patow-meck divide it from Virginia on the South The Atlantick Ocean and Delaware Bay bounds it on the East Pensilvania on the North and the Meridian of the first Fountain of the River Patow-meck on the West This Province of Mary-Land his Majesty King Charles the First Anno 1632 granted by Patent to the Right Honourable Caecilius Calvert Lord Baltemore and to his Heirs and Assigns and by that Patent created him and

there is little or no Rain there are few or no Fountains and that where there is much they abound He tells us that Nilus which for the length of its Course the abundance of its Waters its sweetness wholsomness and fertility exceeds all the Rivers of the World owes its rise to the Kingdom of Gojam in Hab●ssinia found out by the Travels of the Portugals and by the sedulity of the Fathers which was so long and unsuccessfully sought for by the Antients and Kircher hath described them from the relation of P ter Pays who saw them himself which differs not much from what Gregory an Ethiopian hath written of it viz. That it hath five Heads that it encircles Gojam and passing by several Kingdoms of Habassia reviews the Kingdom of Senna and travels to the Country of Dengala Thence it turns to the right hand and comes to a Country called Abaim before it arives in Nubia where by reason of Clifts and Rocks its Stream is divided into two Branches one running South to drench the thirsty Fields of Egypt the other West to quench the drowth of those Sands in the Country of the Negrites It is called in the Scripture Shibber from its darkness because it carries Waters troubled with Mud from the Fields of Ethiopia and by the Greeks for the same reason 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Habessines Abawi in their vulgar Language but in the Ethiopick Gejon or Gewon from a mistake of the Greek G●on and Hebrew Gebon He says the antient Geographers t●ought it to take its rise beyond the Equinoctial in I know not what Mountains of the Moon thinking it might receive its increase by the Winter Rains of those Regions For they could not persuade themselves that the Sun being in the Northern Signs there could be Winter and Rain enough so near to raise so great a River from them After it has past about forty Leagues from its source which is in an elevated but trembling and moorish Ground it enters a vast Lake in Dembe● and passes it without mixing its Waters as the Rh●●e does the Lake Lemanus and the Rhine Aeronius The cause of the Inundation of Nile is from the great Rains falling in many Regions of the Torrid-Zone upon the Suns retiring back into the Winter Signs It has been the opinion of some that it has been formerly in the power of the King of the Habessines to divert Nilus from its course into Egypt and to drive it into the Red-Sea there being at a certain place an absolute fall of Land to convey it thither only one Mountain being cut through though now that place where it could be diverted is possest by others He mentions another River in Ethiopia called Hawas which passing a great way from its Source sinks at length into the Sands never going to the Sea as other Rivers do Also that the Rivers Melegi and Tacazae abounding with Crocodiles fall into the Nilus That the River Mareb rising in Tygr● encompassing great part of the Kingdom hides its self under ground and then rises and after a continued course it disperses and leaves its divided Waters in the Sands of Dequin The Soyl is so fertile that in some places they sow and have Crops twice and in others thrice a Summer They make Bread of a sort of Corn called T●f thought to be the same with our Rye though they have Wheat Barley c. They make no Winter Provisions for Cattle the Soyl yielding always Herbage enough nor lay up any stores for other years for themselves confiding in the fertility of their Soyl for their Fields are always pleasant and always smiling with a Flowry Grace He says they have an Herb called Assazoe which by its touch or even shadow so stupifies all Serpents and venemous Creatures that you may handle them without offence and that he who has eaten the Root of it is secured from them for many years And he is of opinion that the Psylli of Africa had the Virtue of curing the bitings of Serpents by the touch through the use of this Herb. The Amadmagda that cures broken and disjoynted Bones as the Ossifraga of Norway sn●ps the Bones of Cattle that tread upon it They have a Tree called ●u●ets resembling the Indian Fig tree which is four yards thick if shrowded it sprouts forth with a world of young Shoots which are all good Food so that this Tree need not bear any Fruit being indeed all Fruit if sliced and boiled it assuages thirst He tells us that by reason of the plenty of Herbage and the heat of the Climate Quadrupedes and 〈◊〉 are much bigger in Ethiopia and India than with us They have strong and excellent Horses but never shoe them nor use them but in War employing Mules in all their drudg●ry They have the known sort of Sheep with great Tails of which some weigh above forty pounds They have multitudes of Elephants but never use them To say they have Lyons Tygers Panthers Wolves Hyaena's Camel Panthers higher than Elephants c. it 's no more than other Countries yield But he says they have a Beast called Zecora or Zembra exceeding in beauty all Quadrupeds it is about the bigness of a Mule and naturally gentle his Body is all encompast with interchangeable Circles of Black and of a lively Ash colour and this with such an Elegancy and Order that they surpass the Art of the best Painter to imitate them His Ears only are a little disproportionate being too long One of them was sold by the Basha of B●●quena for two thousand Venetian pieces for a present to the Great Mogul They have thousands of Apes feeding chiefly on Worms which they find under Stones Hence in the Mountains where they use you will scarce find a Stone unturned be it never so gr●at for if two or three cannot move it they call more ai● They eat also Ants and sometimes devour whole Fields of Fruit. They have also an innocent and very pleasant Animal being a sort of little Monkey of which there is an elegant Ethiopick Rhime in Latin thus Hominem non laedo frumentum non edo oderunt me frustra It is of a various colour full of greyish specks They are extreme tender so that unless they are cloathed and kept warm they cannot be brought to us He tells us also of some that have seen the fam'd Unicorn there an Animal of the form and size of a midling Horse of a bright Bay Colour with a black Mane and Tail and with a fair Horn in his Forehead five Palms in length being somewhat whitish For Water and Amphibious Animals he says they have the Hippopotamus thought to be the Behemoth in Job and the Sea-Horse of the Greeks the Crocodile the Water-Lizard and amongst others the Torpedo with which they cure Tertian and Quarian Agues The way is thus They bind the Patient fast on a Table and then apply the Torpedo to his Joints which causes a very cruel torture in all his

them the true and absolute Lords and Proprietors of the same saving the Allegeance and Sovereign Dominion due to his Majesty his Heirs and Successors likewise granting thereby to them all Royal Jurisdictions and Perogatives both Military and Civil as Power of enacting Laws making of War and Peace pardoning Offences conferring of Honors Coyning of Money c. and in acknowledgements thereof yielding and paying yearly to his Majesty his Heirs and Successors two Indian Arrows at Windsor Castle on Easter Tuesday together with the fifth part of all the Gold and Silver Ore that shall be there found The Rivers of Mary-Land are Patowmeck Patuxent Ann Arundel alias Severn Sasquesahanough Choptanke Nantecoke Pocomoke with several other lesser Rivers and Rivulets to the great Improvement of the Country and Beauty of the Province which is now very healthful and agreeable to the Constitutions of the English And such is the temperature of the Air that the Heats in Summer are so allayed by gentle Breezes and fresh Showers of Rain and the Cold in Winter is so small and short that the Inhabitants are not incommoded by either The Country is generally plain and even yet not without its small and pleasant Hills which heighten the Beauty of the adjacent Valleys The Soil rich and fertile naturally producing all such Commodities as are found in New England or Virginia or in any other part of this Continent The Government of Mary Land is by his Lordships Care and Prudence brought to a good Order and Settlement and framed much after the Model of the Government in England Upon Emergent Occasions his Lordships Governor there adviseth with the two Estates of the Province which consist of an upper and lower House and is called a General Assembly the upper House consists of the Governor and Council and such Lords of Mannors and others as his Lordship or his Lieutenant shall by Writ from time to time call thither and the lower House consists of Delegates chosen by Inhabitants in the respective Counties in the said Province which Assembly his Lordship or his Lieutenant Convenes Prerogues or Dissolves at pleasure and whatsoever is Decreed or Enacted by this Assembly with his Lordships assent is of the same force there as an Act of Parliament is in England and cannot pass or be repealed without the concurring assent of his Lordship with the other two Estates Next to this Legislative Council is the Provincial Court which is held every quarter of a year at St. Maries City this is the chief Court of Judicature where the most important Judicial Causes are tried of which in the absence of the Lord Proprietary the Lieutenant or Governor and Council are Judges and this is for the whole Province but for each particular County for a great part of the Province where any English Men are seated is divided into ten Counties there are other inferior Courts which are held six times of the year in each of these Counties for the Tryal of Causes not relating to Life nor exceeding the value of three thousand weight of Tobacco with Appeals from them to the Provincial Court. Of the ten Counties five lie on the West side of the Bay of Cheasapeack viz. St. Maries Charles Calvert Ann A●undel and Baltimore Counties the other five on the Eastern Shore viz. Somerset Dorchester Talbot Cecil and Kent Counties in some of which there are several Towns built as Calverton Harrington and Harvy-Town on the East side of St. George's River is St. Maries City the Original and chief Town of this Province where the General Assemblies meet and the Provincial Courts are kept and also the Secretaries Office it being erected into the Priviledge of a City by the name of St. Maries which gives denomination to that County The Ground plat of a Fort and Prison was long since laid here upon a point of Land termed Windmill-Point from a Wind-mill which formerly stood there being a very proper situation for the commanding of St. George's River this Fort will make a secure Harbor for Ships to ride in from all danger of Hostile and Piratical Invasions Besides the House which belongs to the Governor there by the name of St. Johns in this City the present Governor Mr. Charles Calvert his Lordships Son and Heir hath of late years built him a very fair House partly of Brick partly of Timber where he and his Family usually reside about eight Miles from St. Maries at Mattapany The Natives of this Country are generally well proportioned and able-bodied Men delighting chiefly in Hunting being generally excellent Marks-Men while the Women not only manage their Domestick Affairs but also Tillage Plantation and all manner of improvement of their Land. To conclude the Impeopling and Trade of this Province by the vast Expence Care and Industry of the Lord Proprietary hath been improved to that height that in the year 1670 there were reckoned near twenty thousand English planted there And that which keeps them together in the greatest Peace Order and Concord imaginable is the Liberty of Conscience which his Lordship in prudence allows to all persons that profess Christianity though of different Persuasions so that every Man lives quietly and securely with his Neighbor neither molesting nor being molested for difference of Judgment in Religion which Liberty is established there by an Act of Assembly with his Lordships consent to continue for ever A New Map of New JARSEY and PENSILVANIA By Robt. Morden FOR the Province the general Condition of it take as followeth I. The Country it self in its Soil Air Water Seasons and produce both Natural and Artificial is not to be despised The Land containeth divers sorts of Earth God in his Wisdom having ordered it so that the advantages of the Country are divided II. The Air is sweet and clear the Heavens serene like the South-parts of France rarely overcast and as the Woods come by numbers of People to be more cleared that it self will Refine III. The Waters are generally good for the Rivers and Brooks have mostly Gravel and Stony Bottoms and in Number hardly credible We have also Mineral Waters that operate in the same manner with Barnet and North-hall not two Miles from Philadelphia IV. For the Seasons of the Year First Of the Fall I found it from the 24th of October to the beginning of December as we have it usually in England in September or rather like an English mild Spring From December to the beginning of the Month called March we had sharp frosty Weather not foul thick black Weather as our North-East Winds bring with them in England but a Skie as clear as in Summer and the Air dry cold piercing and hungry The reason of this Cold is given from the great Lakes that are fed by the Fountains of Canada The Winter before was as mild scarce any Ice at all while this for a few days Froze up our great River Delaware From that Month to the Month called June we enjoyed a sweet Spring no Gusts

Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire 581 336 London Essex Middlesex and part of Hartfordshire 623 189 Durham Durham Northumberland and the Isle of Man. 135 87 Winchester Hampshire Surry Isle of Wight Gernsey and Jersey and Alderny 362 131 Bath and Wells Somersetshire 385 160 Oxford Oxfordshire 195 88 Bangor Carnarvanshire Anglesey Merionethshire and part of Denbighshire 107 36 Rochester Part of Kent 98 36 Ely Cambridgshire and part of Ely. 141 75 Chichester Sussex and part of Hartfordshire 250 112 Salisbury Wiltshire and Barkshire 248 109 Worcester Worcestershire part of Warwickshire 241 76 Lincoln Lincoln Leicester Bedford Huntington Buckingham and part of Hartfordshire 1255 577 St. Asaph Part of Flintshire and part of Denbighshire 121 19 St. Davids Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire 308 120 Peterborough Northampton and Rutlandshire 293 19 Landaff Glamorganshire Monmouth Brecknock and part of Radnorshire 177 98 Carlile Cumberland and part of Westmerland 93 18 Exeter Devonshire and Cornwall 604 239 Chester Cheshire part of Yorkshire Lancashire part of Flint and part of Cumberland 256 101 Bristol Dorsetshire 236 64 Norwich Norfolk and Suffolk 1121 385 Glocester Glocestershire 267 125 Hereford Herefordshire Shropshire part of Worcestershire and part of Radnorshire 313 166 Lichfield Staffordshire Darbyshire part of Warwickshire part of Shropshire 557 250 The second Division was by King Henry the Second into six Circuits appointed to the Itinerary Judges who are twice in a year in the chief Town of each County in their respective Circuit to determine Causes and administer Justice for the Ease of the People The third is the Military Division for the Raising of Horse and Foot for the Kings Service It is also divided by the Kings Justices in Eyre of the Forest and by the King of Arms into North and South of Trent The last Division is that of Shires or Counties first ordained by King Alford which are subdivided into Hundreds or Wapentakes and those again into Tythings He also appointed a Vice-compt or Sheriff whose Office was to look after the Peace and Welfare of the Shire To Execute the Kings Writs and Precepts and perform several other duties necessary for the Execution of Justice and Welfare of the People And these Sheriffs are generally chosen out of the chiefest of the Gentry King Edward the Third ordained in every Shire certain Civil Magistrates intituled Justices of the Peace whose Duties are to look after the Disorders that arise in the Shire or Hundred in which they reside and to punish Offenders There are in all England 25 Cities 680 Great Towns called Market-Towns 9725 Parishes and in many of which are contained several Hamlets or Villages as big as ordinary Parishes England is blest with a sweet and temperate Air the Cold in Winter being less Sharp than in some parts of France and Italy which yet are seated far more Southernly And the Heat in Summer is less scorching than in some Parts of the Continent that lie much more Northward For as in Summer the Gentle Winds and Frequent Showres qualifie all violent Heats and Droughts so in Winter the Frosts do only meliorate the Cultivated Soil and the Snow keeps warm the tender Plants The whole Country is exceeding Fertile abounding with all sorts of Grain Rich in Pasture containing innumerable quantities of Cattel yielding great plenty of all sorts of Fowl Wild and Tame Its Seas and Rivers infinitely stored with all variety of excellent Fish In its Bowels are found Rich Mines of Lead Tinn Iron Copper and Coal as useful as advantageous to the Nation Nor doth it want Mines of Silver though rare and but in small quantities It hath excellent H t Baths and divers Medicinal Springs It is bravely furnished with Variety of pleasant Orchards and Gardens luxuriant with all sorts of excellent Fruits Plants and Flowers The English are Governed by several Laws viz. Common Law Statute Law Civil Law Canon Law and Martial Law besides particular Customs and By-Laws The Common Law of England is a Collection of the General Common Custom and Usages of the Kingdom which have by length of time and immemorial Prescription obtained the Force of Laws for Customs bind not the people till they have been tried and approved time out of mind These Laws were first reduced all into one body by King Edward the Elder about the year 900 revived by King Edward the Confessor William the Conqueror added some of the Customs of Normandy since which Edward the First did settle divers fundamental Laws ever since practised in this Nation Where the Common Law is silent there we have excellent Statute-Laws made by the several Kings of England by and with the advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons of England by their Representatives the Knights Citizens and Burgesses duly Elected in Parliament Where Common and Statute-Law take no Cognizance As in matters transacted beyond the Seas and relating to the Admiralty c. Use is made of the Civil Law which ought to be the Product of the Common Reason and Wisdom of all Mankind and fitted for the Interest and Welfare not only of one Nation but taking Care for the general Affairs of all people The Canon-Law is the many ancient General Councils of National and Provincial Synods the divers Decrees and Judgments of the Ancient Fathers c. received by the Church of England by which she proceeds in her Jurisdiction as chiefly for the Reforming of the inward man and matters accounted of a spiritual Nature as Cases Matrimonial Testamentary Scandals Offences against good Manners c. Forest-Laws are for regulating offences committed in or relating unto some Forest or Chase for preservation of the Game c. Martial Law extends only to Soldiers and Mariners and is not to be practised in times of Peace but only in War and then and there where the Kings Army is afoot The Doctrine of the Church of England is Apostolical contained either in Express words of the Holy Scripture or in the 39 Articles and the Book of Homilies in all things agreeable thereunto the Worship and Discipline is in the Liturgy and Book of Canons By all which it will appear to impartial Eyes that the Church of England is the most exact and perfect Pattern of all the Reformed Churches in the World. Let Italy glory in this that she is the Garden of the Earth it may truly be said of England that it is the Court and Presence-Chamber of the Great Jehovah which should engage us the more by Holy Lives to walk suitable to such Mercies and not to forfeit those inestimable Priviledges by our crying sins for how can we expect that God should always continue so Gracious to us if we continually turn his Grace into Wantonness England is a Free Hereditary Paternal Monarchy Governed by one Supream Independent and Undeposeable Head according to the known Laws and Customs of the Kingdom A Monarchy that without Interruption hath been continued 1000 years in a word a Government of a perfect and

that they hold the holy Ghost to proceed from the Father only and not from the Son. That they hold the Soul of Man not to be created because they say God perfected all his Work on the Sixth Day They think it therefore drawn from the Matter but Immortal They hold likewise some other Errors On their Eleventh of January which to us is the Sixth of the same Month and the Feast of the Epiphany the Habessines in memory of the Baptism of our Saviour which they hold with many of the Antients to have been for certain on that day keep a joyful Festival all of them just at break of day before the rising of the Sun going into Ponds and Rivers and there dipping and sporting themselves This Custom having given occasion to some to affirm That they were baptized anew every year They begin the Year on the Calends of September with the Grecians Armenians Russians and other Oriental Christians for they believe as many of the Antients have asserted that the World was made in the Autumnal Equinox If any discord arise betwixt Man and Wife so that they cannot be reconciled the Kings Judges dissolve the Marriage and they are free to marry again As we have mentioned before the King of Habessinia's unparallell'd absoluteness in Temporals so our Author says That the chief Ecclesiastical Power is in him so that all things of Jurisdiction only some small Causes excepted are Determined by the Kings Judges Nor do the Clergy enjoy any Ecclesiastical Immunity or Priviledge in Courts of Judicature but undergo correction from Secular Judges as mere Layicks Our Author tells us That the Habessines have few Books but those of Sacred Things That they have no written Laws but judge all Right and Wrong according to the Custom and Manner of their Ancestors Physick he says is wholly neglected by them They cure Men by Burning and Cutting as they do Horses They cure the Jaundice by burning a Semicircle about the joynt of the Arm with a crooked Iron putting on the place a little Cotton and so letting the vitious Humor distil from it till the Distemper be gone They cure Wounds with Myrrh which is there mighty common They look upon it as an egregious Fable for any Man to assert that the Earth is a round Globe suspended of it self in the midst of the Air. He tells us they eat raw Flesh or such as is but half-boil'd and use Gall as a sauce That they take Herbs half digested out of the Bellies of Cows and Oxen kill'd and seasoning them with Salt and Pepper they make a sort of Mustard which much gratifies their Palate CONGO by Robt. Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil LONDON COngo is very temperate for the Rains and the Winds asswage the heat which is insupportable in the neighbouring Countries Nor has Africa any Province more interlaid with Rivers The Zair which is the chief of them is very considerable for the Rapidity and depth of its Stream The Inhabitants of Congo have Mines of Gold but they only make use of Shells for Money They for the most part owned themselves Christians or Catholicks by the Example of their Kings In or about the year 1640 at what time the Capuchins had made a great progress there in Preaching which nevertheless did not succeed according to expectation for being never well grounded in any solid Principles they soon abandoned the name and Profession The Portugals bring from thence Ivory and Slaves For which reason they have settled themselves in the Royal City which is called St. Salvador and in that of St. Paul in the small Island of Loanda this was since seiz'd upon by the Dutch which is very level seven Leagues long and one and a half broad where they get fresh Water by digging holes in the Sand. The Portugals keep Garrisons in the Forts of Massagan and Cambambe in the Kingdom of Angola for the preservation of their Silver Mines And here it is that they rendevouz their Slaves appointed for Brasile The Males only have the right of Succession in this Kingdom and all the Land belongs to the King whom they call Mani Learning is so little esteemed among the Congolans that when Emanuel King of Portugal sent to their King all the fairest Books of the Law he could meet with and several Doctors to expound them he sent the Doctors back and ordered the Books to be burnt saying That they would only confound and disorder his Subjects Brains who had no need but only of Reason and Common Sense however that he would continue no less the King of Portugals Friend Under the name of Congo are also comprehended the Kingdoms of Angola Cacongo and Malemba the Ansicains who rememble our Biscainers and the Brama's or Loanghi But neither these Kingdoms nor People acknowledge the King of Congo as formerly they did The King of Angola styles himself grand Soba his chief City is Cambazza Enguze or Donge His Subjects are so in love with Dogs Flesh that they breed up whole Flocks together and one well-fed Dog is sometimes sold among them for two hundred Crowns They are excellent in nothing but in shooting in a Bow. For they will discharge twelve Arrows before the first shall be fallen to the Ground They believe The Sun to be a Man and the Moon a Woman and the Stars to be the Children of that Man and that Woman The Empire of MONOMOTAPA and the Coast of Cafres THE Country which bears the name of Cafreria is the most Southern part of all Africa and indeed of all our Continent along the Ethiopick Sea part in the Torrid part in the temperate Zone extending about twelve hundred Leagues upon the Coast It is full of Mountains subject to great colds and under several petty Kings the most part of which pay Tribute to the Emperor of Monomotopa The King of Sofala which was part of the Aegisymba of old pays also to the King of Portugal who keeps a Garison in the Castle of Sofala and by that means gets good store of Gold from the Mines which are up in the Country And that Gold is esteem'd the best in the World From whence Vertomannus Volaterranus and from them Ortelius labour to perswade the World how that this was Ophir And David Kemchi a learned Rabbi places Ophir in South Africa yet Josephus St. Hierome and many more are of opinion that Ophir was part of the East Indies whose distance and great plenty of Gold best agrees with a three years Voyage They take it up sometimes out of the Rivers in little Nets after it has rain'd The Coast of Cafreria lies low and full of Woods but the Soyl produces Flowers of a most pleasing scent and the Trees afford a lovely prospect Three great Rivers fall into the Indian Sea out of Cafreria Every one of which is known at the head by the name of Zambera The most Northerly is call'd Cuama the middlemost Spirito Sancto and the Southermost Los Infantes The Cafres live

Spanish Fleet and carried it into Holland A Prize esteemed worth more than seven Millions of Crowns yet very ill recompensed for his service and pains Nor can I forget the memorable Story of one of the Caciques of the Island who addressing himself unto Columbus advised him to use his fortune with moderation and to remember that the Souls of Men had two journies when they leave this World The one soul and dark for the injurious and cruel the other delightful and pleasant for the peaceable and just INSULA IAMAICAE By Robt. Morden IT is situated South of Cuba and West of Hispaniola in the Torrid Zone in eighteen Degrees of Northern Latitude yet the heat is so qualified with the fresh Easterly breezes that constantly blow all day refreshed with frequent Showers and such Dews which fall in the Night that it may be truly called temperate its Air healthful its Soil rich and fertile plentiful of all things necessary The Land well stocked with Cattle the Woods well stored with Fowl and its Rivers with Fish From East to West along the midst of the Island runs a continual ridge of lofty Mountains which are full of fresh Springs whence flow the many Rivers that so plentifully water the Island There is scarce any sensible increase or decrease of the Days or Nights throughout the year and the Winter Months are only known by a little more Rain and Thunder This Island produces many excellent Commodities viz. Sugars so good that they out-sells those of Barbadoes Indice Cotton which is excellent fine Tobacco Hides Copper Tortoises in great abundance whose Meat is excellent to eat and their Shells much esteemed for several curious Works Several sorts of Woods for Dyers as Fustick Redwood a kind of Logwood also Cedar Molthogency Brassiletto Lignum Vitae Ebony Granadilla with many other sweet smelling and curious Woods There is also Ginger Salt in great abundance Salt-Peter Jamaica Pepper very Aromatical and of so curious a Gust that it hath the mixt taste of divers Spices Drugs in great abundance Guiacum China Roots Sasaparilla Vinills Cassia-Fistula Tamarindes Achiots or Anetto with many other Drugs Balsoms and Gums as also Co●haneil especially Cocao of which Chocalate is made In this Island is great abundance of Cattle viz. Cows Sheep Goats and Hogs it having good Pastures and Grass always green and springing the Trees and Plants never dis-robed of their Summer Liveries In their Rivers are very excellent Fish viz. Tortoise Snappers Crabs Lobsters Tarbums Macquerels Mullets Cavallo's Parrat Fish Cony Fish Green Turtles Excellent Fruits all the year long Oranges Pomegranates Citrons Lemmons Cocar Nuts Limes Guauars Mammes Alumee-Supotas Cashues prickle-Apples prickle-Pears Grapes Sower-Sops Custard-Apples Dildows Plantines Pines Macows Indian-Figs Bonames M●lons c. There is great plenty of Hens Turkies Ducks Teal Wigeon Geese Pigeons Turtle Doves Guiny Hens Plovers Flemmings Snipes Parrats with great variety of small Birds There likewise grow very well all manner of Summer Garden Herbs and Roots common to us in England viz. Letuce Parsley Rosemary Lavender Marjoram Savory Time Sage Purslane c. For Roots Pease Beans Cabbages Colly Flowers Turnips Potatoes Onions and Radishes Upon the Island are few hurtful Beasts or Insects only the Muskettoes and Merrywings a sort of stinging Flies which are troublesome in some part of the Isle And the Aligator which is a very vexatious Creature but its fat is a Sovereign Ointment for any internal Ach or Pain in the Joynts or Bones Its Diseases are Dropsies occasioned often by ill Diet Drunkenness and Sloth Calentures too frequently the product of Surfeits Fevers and Agues but with good Diet and moderate Exercise without excess of drinking the English enjoy a competent measure of health The Island abounds in good Bays Ports and Harbors viz. 1. Port Royal formerly called Cagway situate on the extream end of that long point of Land which makes the Harbor exceeding commodious for Shipping and is secured by a strong Castle the Harbor is two or three Leagues cross in most places and hath every where good Anchorage and is so deep that a Ship of a thousand Tun may lay her sides to the Shore to unload and is the only place of Trade in the Isle being populous and much frequented 2. Port Morant seated on the Eastern Point a very capacious and secure Harbor where Ships do conveniently hold Water and ride safe from the Winds where is also a potent Colony setled 3. Point Negrel in the West very good and secure to windward 4. Port Antonio in the North a very safe and Land-locked Harbor being wholly taken up by the Right Honourable Charles Earl of Carslile once Governor of the Island and now called Port St. George About twelve Miles from Port Royal within the Land in a Plain by a River is seated St. Jago once a place of great account when the Spaniards were Masters of the Isle now the Residence of the Governor and the chief Courts of Judicature are held there and therefore likely to arrive to a greater spendor than before Its Inhabitants live in great pleasure where they have their Havana in which the richer sort recreate themselves every Evening in their Coaches or on Horseback as the Gentry do here in Hide-Park About the middle way between St. Jago and Port Royal and on the Mouth of the River is seated Passage a small Town built for the conveniency of passage to Port Royal from St. Jago where is also a Fort raised to secure the same In a word the great encouragement of gaining riches with a pleasant life doth invite every year abundance of people to inhabit there so that in a short time it is likely to become the most potent and richest Colony in the West Indies Besides the number of Inhabitants which are reckoned to be about forty or fifty thousand there belong to the Island about three thousand lusty stout fighting Men called Privatiers or Bucca●iers whose Courage hath been sufficiently evidenced in their late exploit and attempt against the Spaniards at Panama As concerning the Laws by which they are governed they are assimilated as near as can be to those of England having their several Courts Magistrates and Officers for the executing of Justice on criminal Offenders and the hearing and determining of Causes betwixt Party and Party and for the better assistance of the Governor he hath his Council to consult with Borequen is little less either in Circuit or Fruitfulness than Jamaica It s chief Place is St. Jaan del Puerto Rico which communicates its name to the whole Island the Residence of a Bishop and Governour The Island is traversed by a Chain of Mountains which cuts it from West to East Here is found a white Scum which they use instead of Pitch to chalk their Ships and instead of Tallow to make Candles and for want of other Medicaments for Wounds and Sores These four Islands are the greatest and chiefest of the Antilles Of the CARIBBE Islands THE