any Confession and he had put himself in a posture to receive the Stroke they cryed out A Pardon As he was ready to come down one of the Judges perswaded him Since he had now tryed the King's Clemency to discover the Intrigues of Chateauneuf but he courageously answer'd That he very well saw that some People were willing to take hold of his present circumstances to make him say something disadvantageous to his Friend but that he ought to know That since the terrible Image of Death had not made him speak nothing was capable to extort from him the Secrets of his Friends or any thing that might do them the least Injury He was almost the onely Person of all those whom the Cardinal brought to the Scaffold that showed Resolution and Courage the greatest part of the rest making him as it were an Honourable amends before they were Executed under a pretence of dying like Christians Christianity indeed obliged them to forgive him but by no means to approve of his Arbitrary and Unjust Conduct which was full as contrary to the Gospel as a Spirit of Vengeance which they were afraid to betray But the truth is that after they had vainly endeavour'd to live like Freemen they lost their Sentiments with their Liberty and rather died like vile Slaves than good Christians When Chateauneuf was sent to Prison the Mareschal d' Estrees who was one of his best Friends having received the news of it at Treves where he Commanded the King's Army it so strangely astrighâ—ed him that he * The 15th of March Siri Mâ—m Râ—â— T. 7. p. â—95 quitted the Army without saying a word and retired to Vaudervange The example of the Mareschal de Marillac came into his Mind when he heard of the Disgrace of his Friend and saw a Courier bring Letters to the other Officers and never a one to himself He imagin'd that Saludie and Busse-Lamet to whom the Pacquet was directed had Orders to Apprehend him But discovering at last that his fear had been in vain he sent a Gentleman four days after to the King and Cardinal to beg their Pardon for going away so abruptly and ingenuously to confess how he had been imposed upon by his Fear This set the whole Court a Laughing and he received Orders to return to Treves At the same time the Dutchess of Chevreuse left the Court by the King's Order which made the World believe that the Cardinal's Jealousie was in great measure the cause of the disgrace of Chateauneuf The King came to Paris on the 11th of April and went next morning to the Parliament to suppress the Office of President which Coigneux had and that of Counsellour enjoy'd by Payen Chief Secretary to the Queen-Mother whom he afterwards restor'd in Compliment to the Two Masters of Accounts whom the Cardinal favour'd exceedingly Nevertheless the Law concerning Five years which are allowed to those that were Condemned for Contumacy was suffer'd to stay in full force in respect of others because it wou'd have given them too much trouble to make any Alterations in it The King Censur'd the Company very severely for presuming to send their Deputies a few days before to S. Germans to desire him to re-call the President de Memes whom the Cardinal had Banished The King told them That he wou'd take care to Chastise those that refused to obey him and that if the Parliament wou'd not suffer the Magistrates that were subordinate to it to be remiss in the execution of its Orders it was not just that a Soveraign should bear the disobedience of His Subjects He added That he wou'd be obey'd that very instant and that for the future when he came to the Parliament he expected the Four Presidents should come and receive him upon their knees without the door of the Chamber as the Custom had been formerly As for the President de Memes instead of being set at liberty and called home he was Imprison'd in the Cittadel of Anger 's Thus the King hindred them from making any Remonstrances to him upon any occasion whatever and striving to Reign more Absolutely than any of His Pedecessors he resigned himself entirely to all the Passions of his Minister though they were never so unjust so that it was not possible to open his eyes and undeceive him Soon after the King * The 14th of May Aubery 's Life of the Card. Lib. 4.0.36 held a General Chapter of the Knights of the Holy Ghost and gave the Ribbon to the Cardinals of Richlieu and La Valette They received the Blew Ribbon standing whereas the other Commandeurs even Bishops used to receive it kneeling The King â—id the Cardinal a particular Favour and asked him Whether he desired to be Promoted before or after Vespers and the next day when His Majesty made the New Knights he sent him two or three Dishes from his own Table at every Service and towards the end a Rock of Sweet-meats out of which sprung an Artificial Fountain of Water While these things happened within the Kingdom the Cardinal used his endeavours to keep the House of Austria so well employ'd without that it cou'd make no advantage of the Broils of the Queen-Mother and Monsieur The Marquiss de Feuquiers renew'd with Chancellour †By a Treaty sign'd the 9th of April Siri Mem. Rec. Tom. 7. p. 67. Oxenstiern at Hailbron the League which the Crown of France had made with the King of Sweden and promis'd that his Daughter Christina should receive the yearly sum of a Million of Livres to continue the War in Germany The two Crowns oblig'd themselves to make no Treaty but with Common Consent and to support all their Allies I shall not stop at the particulars of this League nor at the other Negotiations which the Ministers of France managed in Germany to Embarass the Emperour and at the same time to lay hold of any fair opportunity to extend the Frontiers of France on that side At the same time the Cardinal set his Engines at work to break off the * Siri Ibid. p. 655. Negotiation that was on foot at the Hague between the States-General of the Vnited-Provinces and the Envoys of the Spanish-Netherlands concerning a second Truce between the King of Spain and the States-General As there were abundance of great difficulties in the thing it self it seem'd an easie matter so to order Affairs that the War might continue Besides this some of the Nobility of the Spanish Low-Countries who were discontented at the Government offer'd to deliver up to the King Bouchain Quesnoi Avenes and Landreci places of great importance upon the Frontiers of Artois and to make a general Insurrection in the Country The Malecontents represented to the King that if he lost so fair an opportunity he might perhaps be never able to recover it and that those persons that were now disposed to throw themselves under his Protection cou'd not be supposed to be able to live in a perpetual inquietuâ—e
and so desired her to go to Moulins which she refused to do and that she onely offered to go to Nevers while Monsieur was at Orleans to be nearer to his Person but had refused to do it when she heard that he was gone from thence That after her departure from Compeigne she had sent a Request to the Parliament of Paris full of false and injurious Invectives against Cardinal Richlieu and Written a Letter to His Majesty containing several Studied Pretences to Colour her withdrawing and many Complaints against the Cardinal which had no other foundation but those Calumnies and Falshoods which were suggested by the Ill-Counsellours of Monsieur That both the one and the other aimed by the same means to endeavour the Subversion of the Royal Authority and of the Kingdom That not being yet satisfied with the first Calumnies she had Written to His Majesty she was * See these Letters in the Collection of Aubery's Memoirs T. 1. P. 374. besides wrought upon to Write to the Parliament and to the Provost of the Merchants of Paris to perswade them to Revolt and to give an Ill Example to others That as he Confirmed all the preceding Declarations so he declared all those to be guilty of High-Treason and Disturbers of the Publick Peace who should be found to have any share in such Pernicious and Damnable Designs as to withdraw the Queen-Mother and the Duke of Orleans from their Allegiance and to induce them to go out of the Kingdom and likewise all those who had followed them and were with them That his Royal Pleasure and Will was that they should be proceeded against and that he strictly prohibited all Persons to keep any Correspondence either with the Queen-Mother or the Duke upon any pretence whatsoever and if any of their Letters should fall into the hands of his Subjects they should send them immediately to the Royal Judges of the Provinces or to the Keeper of the Seals That all the Mannors which they held of the Crown should be seized upon and re-united to the King 's Demesne themselves deprived of their Dignities and Offices and all their Estates forfeited to the King This last Article involved the Queen-Mother and Monsieur as well as those that followed them the Queen's Dowry and all the Revenues of the Duke being stopt and seized While the King dishonoured both his Mother and Brother with so rigorous a procedure and took from them all manner of Subsistance because they had been so daring as to desire that the Cardinal of Richlieu might be turned out he heaped new Honours and Favours upon this happy Minister His †By Letters given at Monceaux in the Month of August Land of Richlieu was erected into a Dukedom and Peerdom and there was afterwards a Contention amongst the Courts of Parliament which of them should receive this Prelate in the Quality of a Duke and Peer But at last it was agreed That the Great Chamber that of the Edict and that of the Tournelle being Assembled together should receive him †The 4th of September and he went to take the usual Oath and to sit in the Parliament attended by the Prince of Conde by the Dukes of Montmorency of Chevreuse of Montbazon of Rets of Ventadour and of Crequi by the Mareschals Vitry Etrees and Effiat and by many other Persons of Quality From that time he was call'd The Cardinal-Duke as Olivarez Chief Minister to the King of Spain was stiled the Count-Duke The King gave him besides the Government of Britany lately vacant by the death of the Mareschal de Themines This Government could not fall to any one more advantageously than to the Cardinal who being Superintendant both of Navigation and Trade could scarce exercise his Office without being Master of the Ports of Britany This was at the same time an assured Refuge in case the King should ever change his Affection towards him Thus what was a Capital Crime in the Huguenots who made a considerable part of the State and what would have driven out of the Kingdom the most considerable Persons next to the King unless they had chosen rather to be confined to a Prison was esteemed a just recompence for the great Services of Cardinal Richlieu The Prince of Conde who was sent from one Province to another to pacifie the Spirits of those who might be surprised at the excessive greatness of a Minister who caused him formerly to be put in Prison went basely publishing his Praises all over the Kingdom and yet was not able to get into the Favour of this Man who could bear with nothing that gave him any Jealousie * See Aubery Lib. 11. Cap. 17. He had made already in the Year 1628 a Panegyrick upon this Minister before the States of Languedoc with Expressions onely fit to come from a wretch that wanted Bread and had no other ways to subsist but this was nothing in comparison of what he said in the Assembly of the States of Britany I shall relate his very words that thereby the Reader may judge both of the mean Condescensions of the Prince or of the Minister's great Authority †See Aubery Ibid. Lib. ◠Cap. 19. Amongst those infinite Obligations you have to the King saith he either for having preserved your Privileges or for the great Advantages favourably granted to your Province of Britany even almost to an impossibility in regard of the other Provinces of his Realm you have contracted a new one which is the greatest of all for His Majesty has given to you Monsieur the Cardinal of Richlieu for your Governour whose Learning and Piety preferr'd him in his younger years to a Bishoprick his Deserts to a Cardinal's Cap his Services and Capacity to the Ministry of State Affairs his Valour to the Generalship of several Armies his Fidelity and Love for the King's Person to the Cordial Affection of His Majesty and as a Token thereof and of his Trust to the High Places and Governments which he possesseth and holds from him All which things though very considerable and great yet we may say nevertheless of them that they onely make up the least part of those recompences which he justly deserves for having in his first Dignity confounded Heresie in the second maintained the Church in his Employments strengthened the State by his Counsels by his Valour pull'd down and defeated Rebellion and extended the Limits of France into Italy Lorraine and Germany and by his Fidelity with a continual care watched for the King's Preservation under whose Command he hath always acted as a second Cause in those great Affairs which His Majesty had and hath yet to restore the Kingdom to its first Splendour The Prince had better have said As a first cause since the King did nothing else but blindly follow the Motions of his Minister and then he had said at least one true thing in his Speech which was worthy of none but some Poor Hungry Priest and not of
good intentions of his Sister but desired her not to interpose in this Affair that he intended on his Side to give his Mother all reasonable Satisfaction but that she had ingag'd her Self in so many Cabals against him that he cou'd come to no other Resolution about her till a Peace was concluded that as for the Maintenance they demanded for her he was afraid she was abused by her own Evil Councellors as if there was no Medium between granting her all and refusing his Mother a Dowry which lawfully belonged to her and yet Lewis the Just refus'd it her Thus my Lord Jermyn's Negotiation came to nothing and though he offer'd in the Name of the King and Queen of England to ingage for the good Conduct of the Queen-Mother and promised every thing which cou'd in reason be expected yet they would talk of nothing less than sending this unfortunate Princess to Florence where they promised to settle an Appointment upon her which perhaps they wou'd have stopt afterwards No one durst speak a word to the King upon this occasion and the good Prince could not bethink himself of any middle Expedient between treating his Mother with this excessive Rigour only to please the Cardinal and restoring her to her first Authority He cou'd without jealousie behold his chief Minister assume a Power infinitely greater than the Queen-Mother had ever pretended to and abuse it in a more notorious manner and yet it never disturbed him but the Cardinal had gain'd that absolute Ascendant over him and had so far possessed him that without him both he and his Kingdom wou'd be intirely ruin'd and that none but he had honest intentions towards him that he perceived nothing of the Cardinal's Designs However to secure himself in some measure from the Inhumanity which the World wou'd be apt to charge him with in refusing to let the Queen-Mother return since she desir'd it with so much Submission he wou'd not declare his own Opinion in the Council upon this Affair But he ingag'd the other Ministers to give their Sentiments in Writing which he drew up for them himself and they afterwards sign'd They are still to be seen in the Memoirs of * Page 340. Montresor and they take two things for granted first that it was impossible for the Queen-Mother to come back without embroiling the Kingdom and that there was no other way to preserve it in Tranquility but by suffering her to want even Necessaries out of France unless she wou'd go to Tuscany Secondly that as Princes are design'd more for their State than for themselves so they are also more nearly related to that than to their Father or Mother and are not obliged to show them any marks of the respect they owe them but as far as they agree with a more publick and noble Duty According to these Slaves of the Cardinal France wou'd be undone if the King made any Provision for his Mother and this Action of the King resembled the Separation of Jesus Christ from the Virgin-Mary They gave this Advice to his Majesty in the Month of March and their Names that sign'd are as follow Leguier Bullion Bouthillier Chavigny and Sablet At the same time the Cardinal-Duke order'd a Process against the Duke de la Valette who had been received very honourably in England * Siri Mem. Rec. T. 8. p. 781. According to the usual Forms it belonged to the Parliament of Paris to judge of it but according to a custom establish'd by this Minister the King nominated some Commissioners of Parliament and of the Privy-Council although the Parliament had remonstrated to him that it was an Infraction of their Privileges and that these Causes belonged to them The Duke de la Valette was accused of Cowardice and Treason besides that he had left France without Permission which he cou'd not do as being Colonel-General of the French Infantry Governour of Guienne and Duke and Peer of France The King order'd the Judges to come before him at St. Germains and commanding them to give their Opinions the chief President humbly begg'd of his Majesty to dispense with him from giving his Opinion in that place being obliged to give it in Parliament if the King wou'd be pleased to send back the Cause to be there tried conformable to the Laws as he was going to prove But the King took him up short and told him That the Councellors of Parliament started difficulties of their own making and had a mind to keep him in Tutelage but he wou'd have them know that he was their Master He addâ—d That it was a great mistake to say that he cou'd not order a process against a Peer of France after what Manner he saw most convenient and forbad them to speak of it The * So they call those Judges in France that make a Report of the Case to the Parliament Rapporteurs de la Posterie and Machaut concluded after a long reasoning that his Body was to be apprehended and then the King spoke to the rest to give their Opinion Pinon began his Harangue with observing that in all the Fifty Years he had been a Councellour of Parliament he never remembred a thing of so vast an importance to have come before them that he consider'd the Duke de la Valette as a Person that had the Honour to be married to the King 's Natural Sister and as a Duke and a Peer and that therefore his Judgment was That this Cause ought to be brought before the Parliament The King told him that this was not giving his Opinion and that he did not take it as such But Pinon answer'd That in the Order of Justice a Reference was a lawful Vote The King reply'd in great Anger That he wou'd have them give their opinion of the Merits of the Cause and Pinon made answer That since his Majesty commanded him he was of the same Opinion with the former The Presidents Nesmond and Leguier said the same thing seeing the King positively bent to have it so The President de Bailleal who had heard at his coming into the Hall that the Cardinal shou'd say That the King wou'd make the Duke de la Valette taste of his Mercy once more said that he approved of the Overture which the Cardinal had made but the latter reply'd That he needed only to cover himself with his Robe to give his Opinion so he was constrain'd by the King's Command to do as those before him had done The President de Meme thought of his Bonnet without saying a Word The President de Novion after a long Discourse wherein he remark'd that no mention was made neither of the Name nor Age of the Witnesses that swore against the Duke and that the process was against the usual Forms as the King himself confess'd declar'd that he thought the Duke ought personally to appear and besides that he cou'd not in Conscience give his Opinion in the place where he was He added that if
THE TRUE EFFIGIES of ARMAND JOHN du PLESSIS CARD DUKE of RICHLIEU THE LIFE Of the Famous Cardinal-Duke De RICHLIEU Principal Minister of State TO LEWIS XIII King of France and Navarr VOL. II. LONDON Printed for Matth. Gillyflower Will. Freeman J. Walthoe and R. Parker 1695. THE HISTORY Of the FAMOUS Cardinal de RICHLIEV VOL. II. BOOK IV. Containing the most Remarkable Occurrences of his Life from the flight of the Queen Mother in 1631 to the Year 1634. year 1631 BEFORE the Queen-Mother went out of France as I have already observ'd in the preceding Book the King sent to the Parliament of Paris the same Declaration which he had caus'd to be Confirm'd in that of Dijon wherein he Declar'd all the Adherents of the Duke of Orleans to be guilty of High-Treason But the Parliament of Paris made some difficulty to confirm it without any foregoing Deliberation as the King desir'd them and this they grounded upon the following Reasons First This Declaration against all usual Forms had been laid before another Parliament besides that of Paris which alone is the Court of Peers and the first Parliament of the Kingdom Secondly It by Name declared a President to be guilty who by this means would be condemned by the Court without being heard Thirdly This Declaration might reach even the Person of the Duke of Orleans whose Interest had been always dear to the Parliament They came * The 25 of Ap. Aubery's Life of the Card. Lib. iv c. 17. Siri Mem. Rec. T. 7. P. 358. therefore to a Deliberation and the Company divided instead of Voting the Confirmation which the King demanded Our Minister not able to endure that they should show the least consideration for his Enemies perswaded the King to go quickly to †The 12th of May. Paris to have his Declaration Confirmed and to give some Mortification to the Parliament The King being arriv'd at the Louvre sent Orders to the Parliament to come thither in a Body on foot The Parliament obeyed and were conducted to the Gallery which joyns the Tuilleries with the Louvre where they found the King under a Canopy raised up for that purpose The Lord Keeper Spoke first and after the first Ceremonies were over told the Parliament That their Power extended onely to the Affairs of private Men and not to matters of State the cognisance of which belonged to the Supreme Governour That where a Prince or Duke or any Officer of the Crown receives his Trial for any Misdemeanour in the Administration of the Treasury or of State-Affairs his Majesty is obliged either to direct a particular Commission to the Parliament to enable them to Act in such a case or else to be present himself Personally to Authorize these extraordinary Proceedings That it is true indeed that to Judge by a Commission required a previous knowledge of the Cause but that in the case of Ratifying a Declaration which always allows a certain time to those that are Guilty to return to their Duty there was no need of farther Deliberation This was as much as to say That the King was willing to make use of the Parliamentary Authority to destroy with more formality those who favoured his Brother but would not allow the Parliament the Power of Clearing them if they were innocent Chateaunouf's Discourse being ended the King Commanded the Register of the Parliament to be brought to him and the Leafe to be shewed where the Vote of Separation was Written and so tore it himself to pieces to have the Decree of the Council inserted in its place which Prohibited the Court of Parliament to Deliberate any more upon the Declarations concerning State-Affairs upon pain of Interdiction to the Counsellors and of something worse as the King should think fit 'T was likewise Ordered That for a Punishment of the Fault committed by the Parliament the Declaration sent to them should be drawn back and they Prohibited to take any knowledge of the Contents thereof For a Token of his Indignation the King Suspended from their Office and Exiled two Presidents of the Court of Inquest and a Counsellor who were nevertheless immediately after re-established The same day the Council pass'd another Sentence against the Duke of Orleans's Attorney who Presented the before-mentioned Petition and the King upon that issued out * The 26th of May. another Declaration upon the same Subject a few days after These Proceedings against the Duke of Orleans's Petition were the cause that the Queen's Request which was sent to the same Parliament Packed up with some other Papers was not onely broke open but the Pacquet it self was carried to the King So that the Complaints which this Princess and Monsieur made against the Cardinal onely ended in a few Printed Pamphlets which they took care to have thrown about the Streets or under-hand distributed but there was no Tribunal where they might make their Address for as to the King's Council which depended more upon the Minister than himself it was to no purpose to make their Application to it The King himself was beset with People devoted to the Cardinal whose continual business it was to entertain him in an Ill Humour against his nearest Friends and Relations and as he beheld nothing but by the Eyes of other People both his Mother and Brother appeared as Guilty before him as it pleased the Cardinal to represent them Sometime * The 12th of August See Aubery 's Life of the Card. Lib. 4. c. 18. after the withdrawing of the Queen-Mother the King issued out another Declaration in which he Defamed this Princess and the Duke of Orleans and on the contrary bestowed large Commendations on the Cardinal He said amongst other things That the Evil Counsellours of his Brother had moved him contrary to the Duty of his Birth and to that Respect he owed him to Write him Letters full of Calumnies and Seditious Lyes against the Government That against all Truth and Reason he had Accused his most Dear and Well-beloved Cousin the Cardinal of Richlieu of Infidelity and of harbouring Ill Designs against his Sacred Person that of the Queen and his own and against the State That the Queen-Mother had been wrought upon long ago by Ill Counsels and took more part in the Duke of Orleans's Designs than she ought being in all probability induced to it by the Ill Reports which some Persons professing Curious and Evil Sciences had spread abroad to give them some hopes of a sudden Revolution That having desired the Queen-Mother to assist him with her Advice as she had done before she had Answered him She was weary of meddling with Affairs and would have no more to do with them whereby she gave him sufficiently to understand that she was deeply ingag'd in the Duke's Designs That thereupon he had taken a Resolution to Separate himself from her for some time After this manner did the Cardinal speak of the Imprisonment of the Queen-Mother which he called a Separation
the King constrain'd him he wou'd be of the most favourable Side because he wou'd not load his Conscience The President de Belliévre rising up said That in his Judgment this cause ought to be sent back to the Parliament but as the King obliged him to pass his Judgment upon the equity of the matter he made a short but handsom Discourse the substance of which was That he thought it was extremely strange that his Majesty shou'd interpose in the Trial of one of his Subjects that his Ancestors were accustomed to reserve their Graces to themselves and to remit Condemnations to the Tribunals of Justice that he did not believe that his Majesty had rigour enough in him to see a Man upon a Sledge to be dragg'd the next Hour after to a Gibbet that the sight of a King carried Acts of Clemency along with it that it took off Ecclesiastical Interdicts and that no one ought to depart from his Presence dissatisfied He afterwards took notice how inconvenient it was for them to deliver their Opinions before the King since they were not at liberty to speak their Thoughts freely The King after he had heard him with a great deal of Patience commanded him to speak positively to the matter in Hand Belliévre made answer That these were his Sentiments but the Chancellour still pressing him to give his Opinion he said That it was time lost to speak if he must say nothing but what the Chancellor approv'd of and so stuck still to his first Judgment The Premier President continued to insist upon a Reference but at last gave his Opinion that the Duke's Body was to be seized After the Presidents had done the Councellors declared their Sentiments and it was remarkable enough that le Bret alledged the Custom of the Persians and Turks and Leon Bralart the most violent Proceedings of Germany to serve as a Rule upon this Occasion After this the Dukes and Peers spoke and were follow'd by the Chancellour by the Cardinal and by the King At last the Court rose and the King calling the Presidents to him told them in a great Passion that they always made it their Business to disobey his Orders that he was extreamly ill satisfied with their Conduct and that he hated all those that were against his Trying a Duke and Peer out of Parliament that they were sorry ignorant Wretches unworthy of Places and that for all he knew he might put others in their room that he was resolv'd to be obey'd and that he wou'd make them see that all their Privileges were only founded upon an illegal Usage and lastly that he wou'd hear them argue no more about the Matter Thus the blindest of all Kings with whom the Arbitrary Courses of his Minister pass'd for Law and Policy violated all the Ordinances as if there had been no such thing as Justice in France before the Cardinal-Duke sate at the Helm and that all the ancient Customs ow'd their Original to Madmen and Fools It was too dangerous a point to endeavour to make him sensible of his Error not only by reason of the vast Authority of the Minister but his own natural Opiniatrete which was as great as his Knowledge and Insight into Things was small Thus he cou'd never have been brought to comprehend what might have been said to him concerning the beginning of Laws and the great Advantage which Princes as well as their Subjects find in seeing them carefully observ'd In consequence of the Result of this Assembly the Duke de la Valette was condemn'd by an Arrest of the * 〈◊〉 4th of 〈◊〉 â—â—â—uary Council of State to be sent to the Bastile to answer the Crimes he was accused of or to be adjourned to appear at Sound of Trumpet at a certain time and his Goods in the interim to be sequestred Afterwards they examined the Testimony of fifty as well Officers as Soldiers whom they thought most proper to make him seem guilty Their Depositions were read in full Council and the †â—â—â—e 24th â—â—â—ay Attorney-General concluded that the Duke de la Valette was condemn'd to have his Head cut off and his Goods confiscated for the Crimes of Cowardice and Treason The Presidents who saw it was to no purpose to make any Opposition approved of all these Conclusions except Belliévre who said it was a hundred Years ago since Francis I. had made an Order by which he ordain'd that in Civil Matters the Plaintiff shou'd not come to a conclusion under a pretence of Contumacy unless he cou'd justifie his Demand and that it was much more just to follow this method in Criminal Matters where the Honour and Life of the King's Subjects lay at stake That those that were attainted of Contumacy were not always guilty at bottom That the Duke de la Valette was accused of Treason and Disobedience to his General That in relation to the Treason it was hard to imagine that a French Gentleman and one that had so many Obligations to the King cou'd be guilty of so base a Thought That he had remark'd no proof of it in the Process and that the Attorney-General seem'd to be of the same Opinion since he had not pronounced the usual Sentence of Traitors which was to demolish their Houses to cut down their Woods and to declare their Posterity degraded from their Nobility That if the Duke de la Valette had en ertain'd any private Intelligences with the Enemy he wou'd never have discover'd it to a parcel of Scoundrâ—ls since this was the most effectual way to ruin his Designs That none of these Witnesses had deposed that he sent any Letters to the Enemy or received any from them or kept any Correspondence with them or their Adherents That consequently he judged him innocent in respect of this Allegation That as for his Disobedience to his General this was a point purely military the Cognizance whereof belonged to Gentlemen of that Profession and that if the Duke were present he might perhaps demonstrate the contrary That as to this Article the Witnesses deposed no more than that the Breach was reasonable and that if an Assault had been made immediately in all appearance the Place had been taken That it was a Matter of dangerous consequence to submit the Honour and Life of a General to the Judgment of thirty Soldiers That nevertheless tho' there was not any direct proof of these two Capital Points of which the Duke de la Valette was accused to condemn him to die yet he thought him to be so great a Criminal for leaving the Kingdom and not appearing to justifie himself even though he were in person that he was of opinion that he deserved to be banished for nine Years to be turn'd out of his Places and to pay a Fine of a hundred thousand Crowns Upon this the Chancellour replied That from whatever Principle it was that the Duke de la Valette had made the King lose the Opportunity of Taking
wou'd declare for him Chavigny deny'd the matter of fact and wou'd have put a writing into Scoti's hands by which he was forbidden to come to the King's Audience till his Majesty had receiv'd satisfaction from him but the Nuncio refusing to receive it Chavigny deliver'd it to him by word of mouth After some discourse concerning a Peace to which the Nuncio accused France to have an aversion he told Chavigny that the menaces which the Cardinal de Richlieu made no longer to acknowledge the Pope in France but only as he was â—â—ad of the Church and a Spiritual Prince unless Mazarine was immediately promoted to the dignity of a Cardinal and the disgust he took because he had not obtain'd his Bulls to be Abbot General of the Cistercians were the true cause of the misunderstanding between his Holiness and the King That Cardinal Richlieu had first made use of violent ways in stopping the Pope's Curriers and hindering him Scoti to perform the functions of his Nunciature Ordinary and Extraordinary That he had assembled some Bishops at his Palace to talk of convening a National Council under pretence of Annates and other pretended Grievances that this was not the way to procure Mazarine a Cap and that as for a National Council the Prelates of France had too much zeal for the Holy See of which they had given so many public testimonies to engage in an affair of that nature The Nuncio likewise complain'd that Chavigny had order'd Father Valerio a Discalceated Carmelite to tell him nay to send word of it to Rome that the King might with Justice if he pleas'd revenge the death of Routray upon the Nuncio by sending the Mobb to insult him in his house or bastinado him in the streets but that his Majesty wou'd not make use of his power and that he expected satisfaction from Cardinal Antonio Barberin Chavigny denyed he ever said any thing like it but the Nuncio offering to send for Father Antonio he told him there was no necessity for it and began to make a Panegyric upon the Cardinal * See the Relation of this Conference on the 9th of Dec. in l. 2. of Aub. Mem. p. 409. After some other discourse they parted As the Nuncio refused to receive from Chavigny the above-mentioned order in writing which he tendred to him Berlise the Introductor of the Ambassadors accompanied by an Usher of the Privy Council was sent to give it him The Nuncio refus'd it a second time nay not only so but wou'd not hear it read and withdrew into another Chamber Berlise left it upon the Table and charg'd the Nuncio's Officers to give it him but as soon as the Introductor of Ambassadors was gone they threw it back to him into his Coach In the mean time the King forbad all the Bishops of France to have any manner of communication with Scoti and every night a Guard was placed about his house to hinder any one from going to him The Nuncio writ a complaining * Ibid. p. 414. 415. Letter to the King that he never spoke the least disrespectful word in regard of his Majesty and that he had done nothing which he was not indespensibly obliged by his character to do But the Cardinal complain'd highly of his conduct to Cardinal Bagno as being inconsiderate and too violent for he did not value it seems their threatning to Bastinado him which the Grand Seignior said Scoti durst not do at Constantinople to a Bayly of Venice The Cardinal writ likewise to the Pope to complain of him for refusing to take informatiens about the life and manners of him whom the King had nominated to the Bishoprick of Cominge altho they had been taken before a Diocesan Bishop pretending that it was to be done before the Nuncio To this he jâ—yn'd several other Grievances which some Prelates assembled several times at St. Genevieve had presented to him All this only tended to obtain more speedily for him the Bulls for his being General of the Cistercians and Praemonstratenses and he on his side granted to the Court of Rome a great part of what they demanded After having thus recounted the most remarkable passages in Italy that have a relation to our Cardinal's History we must now relate in a few words the attempts of France in the Low Countries in Languedoc and in Germany against the House of Austria Ever since the preceding year the French had a design to attack Hedin but the relief which Prince Thomas of Savoy had thrown into the place diverted that design This year they took it in hand again and the Marquis de Meilleraye had orders to open the Campaign on the side of Artois with the Siege of this place At the same time a small body of men was given to the Marquis de Feuquieres to enter into the Country of Luxemburgh and attack Thionville * Siri Mem Rec. T. 8. p. 773 Some persons are of opinion that Feuquieres received this order from the Cardinal against his will and that he was only sent thither to facilitate the taking of Hedin and do honour to the Marquis de Meilleraye Others * Aub. Vie du Gard. l. 6. c. 30. deny it and pretend that Feuquieres was left at liberty to attempt the reduction of this place or barely to oppose Picolomini However it was while * The 22. of May. Meilleraye attacqu'd Hedin the Army commanded by Feuquieres which consisted of eight thousand Foot and four thousand Horse advanced before Thionville Altho the place was strong enough yet it was so ill provided that in all appearance Feuquieres would carry it in a few days if Picolomini did not march to the relief of it He made so much haste and marched with so little noise that he * The 7th of June appear'd before the French thought he could have reach'd them so that Feuquieres could not imagine who he was when he saw his Colours As he marched between the Woods they could not judge what quarter he would attack and all that the French General could do was to put his Army in Battel in the different posts where they stood to be in a condition to march if there should be occasion All this while Feuquieres was in an extraordinary perplexity which made several Officers laugh who did not love him and call'd him the Pedant because he was fitter for Negotiation than the Military profession In the mean time Picolomini gave the first onset on that quarter which was posted on the other side the Moselle which he carried after a vigorous opposition made by the Foot for the Horse run away By this means Picolomini threw what succors he pleas'd into Thionville and then placed his Army in Battel Array between the Counterscarp of the place and the Quarter of Feuquieres without advancing further till about five a clock in the Afternoon The French General who had sent his Artillery Horses to Mets was of the opinion to stay for them to
Governor of it for the King a pension of six thousand Crowns besides what he had under the Duke of Weymar provided he would consent to have a French Lieutenant and one half of the Garrison French The like orders were also sent concerning the Governors of the other places on t' other side the Rhine but as for those on this side in regard of France the King pretended they belonged to him of right Besides this the Count de Guebriant was to propose the Duke of Longneville to the Army to be their General and to back this proposition by bestowing sums of Money as he should see convenient The King was afterwards inform'd that General d' Erlach was very well inclined to France and * See the Letter of the 31 of July to Noyers Mem. d' Aub. T. 2. P. 423. that he had taken great care to prevent the Army from disbanding and to engage the Officers to continue in the Service of the Crown The Court also received a Copy of the Duke of Weymar's Will and contrivances were set on foot to hinder it from being executed To effect this De Choisy was sent to confer with the Count de Guebriant and Baron d' Oisonville upon this affair with the following instructions that they should endeavour to secure themselves of the Army without any relation to the Brothers of the late Duke nay tho they should have a mind to enter into the Kings service that it was not reasonable that the expences his Majesty had been at to re-establish the Duke of Weymar's Army after the Battel of Nortlingac and support it ever since and to make him conquer Brisac and other places should be lost in an instant by changing of parties which the Brothers of the late Duke might be easily perswaded to do since they had already once abandoned that side which they now embraced that the Duke might have very well left all his Money to his Brothers but that he could not leave them the command of the Army nor the places of Alsatia for several reasons that are mentioned in this Instruction that therefore they ought to employ all manner of means to secure both the Troops and the Places directly for the King and not tarry to know whether his Brothers had a mind to accept what the late Duke offer'd them in his Will That if they could gain all the Leaders there needed no more to do but if any of them made a difficulty to engage in his Majesty's service they should not fail to receive the Oaths of the rest and sign a Treaty with them to assure them that they should be gratified by the King In the mean time Count Flerschein who was sent to the Court by the Directors of the Army arrived thither and presented their proposals upon which the King dispatch'd new * Dated the 20 of Aug. Instructions to the Count de Guebriant and to two other Deputies that acted in his name for the affairs of the Army and the places possess'd by the Duke of Weymar At last after several Conferences and difficulties too tedious to be recounted here a * See the whole Treaâ—y in Aub. l. 2. p. 450. Treaty was concluded at Brisac on the 9th of October the principal Articles whereof are as follow That the King agreed that the Troops commanded by the Duke of Weymar should continue in a Body as he expressly desired in his last Will and Testament and under the direction of the Officers whom he nominated That the Artillery should be commanded by the same Officers that commanded it when the late Duke of Weymar was alive and for the most part be joyn'd to the German Body with power to the Mareschals of the French Camp and to the Directors of the German Troops to give them from time to time the necessary orders That if it so happen'd that the Army came to be destroy'd in whole or in part by any misfortune of War or some other inevitable accident the King should be oblig'd to give the Officers extraordinary Allowances to re-establish their Troops That the King should take care to pay them the Arrears due at May which amounted to two hundred thousand Crowns and were to be employed in paying a months pay to all the Army and should give them good Bills for six hundred thousand Livres more for the third payment of that year due the last of September of which the Directors and Officers of the Army should employ three hundred thousand to remount and recruit the Troops That the King should pay the Army three payments and a half yearly according to the agreement made with the Duke of Weymar with this proviso that the half payment should be employ'd by the Officers in recruits and re-establishing their Troops and the other three in paying off the Officers and Souldiers according to the reviews that should be made of them by the Kings Commissaries That besides this his Majesty should pay as well to the General Officers as to those of the Artillery eight payments per annum according to the Appointments assign'd to them by the Duke of Weymar That his Majesty should still supply them with all necessary provisions of War besides all extraordinary expences as well as Ammunition-bread without deducting any thing out of their pay for it That if any of the Officers Soldiers or other private persons of the Army should demand of his Majesty the Donation of some Lands or Houses scituate in the conquer'd Countries the King shall promise to give them such gratifications as shall content them and ratifie all the Donations which the Duke of Weymar had granted to them That the Orders should be given to the Soldiers by the Directors or by one of them as they should agree amongst themselves and that they should first receive them from the Duke of Longueville as the French Officers used to receive them from the Duke of Weymar that the Directors should be called to all the Counsels which shall be kept for the common cause That the conquer'd places should be deliver'd into the King's hands that so he might give Brisac and Friburg to such Governors as he should see fit and place in them Garrisons half French and half German as well as in the other places whose Governors he should chuse out of the Body of the Army Upon these conditions the Directors and Officers promis'd the King in the name of the whole Army to serve him upon all occasions and were to confirm it by Oath assoon as the Treaty was ratified which the King's Deputies were obliged to procure in the term of two months to commence from the day this Treaty was dated By a secret Article it was provided that the King should continue the Governments of Brisac and Friburg in those hands that then commanded them that if he should remove those of other places he should choose others out of the Army to put in their room That lastly he would permit in all these places a free
him the King would not be displeased at it but otherwise he would send to them an Heir of the last Kings into Portugal Whether these offers inspir'd the Portugueses with courage or noâ— 't is certain that after their insurrection the aforesaid St. Pe resided at Lisbon in quality of Consul of France with instructions containing two advices which he was ordered to present to the new King from the part of the Cardinal The first was that the Ambassador who was to be sent into France to communicate this Revolution to the King should have full power to treat about the assistance which should be demanded of his Majesty that so it might be sent without delay The second That D. Juan was not to sleep upon this happy success which he met with at first but make all necessary preparations out of hand to offer War to the Spaniards both by Sea and by Land and to support himself by Alliances with those that were inclin'd to favour his cause Ever since the beginning of the same year the * Siri Mem. Rec. T. 8. p. 833. Princes of Savoy had made several Proposals of agreement with the Dutchess tho for all that the Hostilities ceased on neither side in Piedmont or even between the Cittadel and Town of Turin Feragelli the Pope's Secretary who was come to Turin to assist the Nuncio in perswading the different parties to a Peace did likewise propose a Truce for some years between France and the Milanese and altho the Marquis de Leganez seem'd disposed to accept of it yet he made great preparations to take the Field before the French recruits could pass the Mountains The French too on their side used all imaginable diligence and were not behind the Spaniards in talking of a Peace or a Truce All these discourses only tended to render themselves odious to one another and to lull one another asleep if it were possible The Cardinal was of opinion that Prince Thomas in particular only talked of an accommodation to ingratiate himself with the People of Piedmont who had this long while languished for a Peace and to make his Sister-in-law odious to them He sent therefore to acquaint her that this Prince kept a private correspondence with some Officers of her Houshold The Prince proposed to make a Treaty with her by herself without having regard to the Interests of France but she scornfully rejected this Proposal as she herself related the story to de la Cour adding that she was resolved to follow the Cardinal's advice altho he had treated her with a great deal of rigour at Grenoble and that she would not cease to love him as much as the King did and as much as so great and so excellent a Minister deserved Thus she communicated to him all the Proposals of Agreement made to her by Prince Thomas Assoon as he saw them he rejected them as impertinent and immediately dispatched the Abbot * In April See his Instructions lated the 20 of that Month in the Collection of Aubery T. 2. p. 313 Mondin to acquaint the Dutchess with his sentiments He had Orders to tell her that the King did not understand how any people durst be so bold as to engage her to sign such a Treaty as this was without consulting his Majesty who was her only Protector and wondered that she did not perceive that they aimed at nothing but her destruction That she ought to break off all these Negotiations and declare that she would not enter into any Treaty which was not equally secure and honourable to the Duke her Son and to herself That otherwise she would only destroy herself and ruine her State That in the Declaration she was to publish upon this occasion she must take care to incert all the most advantageous circumstances for herself which were to be found in any of her Negetiations with Prince Thomas and that whoever should mention this affair to her any more should be obliged to retire Besides this he was ordered to press the Dutchess to turn Father Monod out of Monâ—â—â—lian The * Ibid. p. 812. Cardinal writ to her much to the same purpose and remonstrated to her that her Brothers-in-law did only design to trepan her as she herself had observed In the beginning of his Letter he assured her that the King desired nothing more earnestly than to see her well re-established in her Dominions and maintain a good intelligence with her Brothers-in-law that his Majesty would be always ready to restore back the places which he held in Piedmont assoon as the Spaniards would fairly part with what they had in their possession so that the Dutchess might for the future remain absolute Mistress of them That nevertheless the security of her person and that of the Duke her Son being the principal cause which ought to be considered the King would never consent that either one or the other should fall into the hands of those persons whose interest obliged them to destroy both While the French were thus negotiating with the Dutchess of Savoy the Spaniards held a close correspondence with the Dutchess of Mantua and it was with her consent that the Marquis de Leganez attempted the Siege of Casal He began to invest this place on the 8th of April with fourteen thousand Foot and five thousand Horse at a juncture when the French were scarce able to defend the Cittadel of Turin against Prince Thomas who attack'd it on the side of the Town The Princes of Savoy did earnestly wish that he would have helped them to take this Cittadel because by the reducing of it they had effectually establish'd their authority in Piedmont which must needs be in a tottering condition so long as the Cittadel of the Capital City held out for the Duke their Nephew Besides this they could not behold Casal in the hands of the Spaniards without extreme regret But the very same reasons perswaded Leganez to undertake this Siege and push it on with all imaginable vigour because it was of the highest importance to Spain that these Princes should be still dependent upon that Crown and Casal was very proper to retain the people of Piedmont in their duty Nor was this all for he began to suspect these Princes for the frequent proposals of Accommodation they made to their Sister-in-law and was of opinion that the only reason why they so much desired to have the Cittadel of Turin in their hands was that they might compound more advantageously for themselves without having any consideration to the Interests of Spain These were the motives which engaged Leganez to undertake the Siege of Casal against the sentiments of the greatest part of the Officers of his Army who did not look upon him to be strong enough for such an attempt He mightily depended upon a secret intelligence he held in the place but it fell out unluckily for him that de la Tour the Governor of that City discovered it and put every thing in
deceive the Princes of Italy b. 306 365. Bassee taken by the French b. 295. And re-taken by the Spaniards b. 326. Bassompierre Francis of commands the Army of Campagne a. 36. Is made a Mareschal de Camp in the Army of Anjou Ib. 42. Made a Mareschal of France Ib. 67. His Embassy into Swisserland a. 162. His Embassy into England Ib. 195. Lieutenant General before Rochel a. 218. Of the Army of Susa Ib. 309. Refuses the Cardinal to secure the Swisses for him a. 356. Sent to the Bastile Ib. 373. Bearn The re-establishment of the Catholic Religion in that Country a. 50. Makes an insurrection and is reduced Ib. 55. Beaufort Duke of flies into England b. 352. Bellegarde Duke of sent to Anger 's to the Queen Mother a. 41. Ruins the affairs of that Princess by his delay Ib. 43. Comes back to Court to negotiate in the name of Monsieur a. 325. Belliévre Ambassadour of France in England b. 219. His Sentiments upon the Trial of the Duke de la Valette b. 225 Berule Peter of sent to Rome for the Marriage of Henrietta Maria a. 84. His Death a. 324. The Judgment the Cardinal pass'd upon it ibid. Biscay displeased at their Vsage from the Court of Madrid b. 355 Blainville sent to negotiate with the Queen-Mother a. 33 34 Ambassadour in England ibid. 162 c. Boizeaval Valet de Chambre to the King b. 218 Bologne the Country about destroy'd and ravag'd by Cantelmo b. 328 Bottero Prince of blocked up in Tarragon b. 303 Bouillon Mareschal of the Broils he was concerned in a. 5 6 8 12 13 Bouillon Duke of an Enemy to the Cardinal b. 309. Is reconciled to the King b. 323. Goes into Italy b. 340. Apprehended at Casal b. 345. Carried to Lions b. 346. Confesses b. 348. Loses the City of Sedan to save his Life b. 353 Bourdeaux Archbishop of Commands the French Fleet b. 168. Gains a Victory at Sea over the Spaniards b. 211. Chases their Fleet b. 300. Beats them before Tarragon b. 303. Is beaten and disgraced b. 304. Braganza Duke of made King of Portugal b. 261 Breme besieged and taken by Leganez b. 202 Breves Governour of the Duke of Anjou turned away a. 88 Brezé Marquis of made Mareschal of France b. 46. Commands the Army in the Low-Countries b. 147. The Mareschal de Brezé takes Sens b. 295. Is made Viceroy of Catalonia b. 306. Goes to Barcelona ibid. Brezé Marquis of attacks the Spanish Fleet b. 300 Brisac taken by the Duke of Weymar b. 208. Falls into the hands of France b. 249 Brulard See Puysieux Buckingham Duke of why he wou'd make a War upon France a. 210. Makes a Descent upon the Isle of Rhée a. 212. His Manifesto ib. 213. The Fault he committed ib. 215. Beaten out of the Island ib. 219. Kill'd at Plimouth a. 235 Buel Eugenius defends Arras b. 256 Bullion Ambassadour in Piedmont a. 197. Made Superintendant of the Finances b. 46. At his Death accuses the Cardinal with being the cause of the War b. 315 C. Caen the Citadel of that Town attack'd and taken a. 38 Campanella Thomas his Prediction that Gaston should never be King a. 292 Cantelmo d'André ravages the Country about Bologne b. 328 Capelle taken by the Spaniards b. 169. Retaken by the French b. 188 Caracciolo Mestre de Camp to the Spaniards beaten by the Duke of Savoy a. 117 Cardinal Infanta his Irruption into Picardy b. 169. Defeats Seven thousand Men belonging to the States b. 209. Raises the Siege of Gueldres ib. Tries in vain to relieve Arras b. 256. And to relieve Aire b. 293. Besieges it again b. 294. Dies b. 296 Carmail Count of sent to Prison b. 143 Casal vainly attack'd by Duke Gonzales de Cordova a. 295. By Spinola a. 343. Delivered a. 352 Casal receives a French Garrison that did not stir out of it b. 23 202 Castres a Hugonot City ill used by the Parliament of Toulouse a. 142 Catalonia rebels b. 258. Calls in the French b. 259 Yields it self up to France b. 299 Catelet taken by the Spaniards b. 169. Retaken by the French b. 209 Caussin a Jesuit Confessor to Lewis XIII in disgrace b. 196 c. Cengio taken by the Spaniards b. 224 Caesar de Gonzaga Duke of Guastalla pretends to the Dukedom of Mantua a. 225. Accommodates his Affairs b. 13 Chalais Henry de Tallerand Marquis of the History his Designs and of his Death a. 185 c. 189 S. Chamond Marquis of the King's Lieutenant in Provence b. 8 Chambers of Justice establish'd by the Cardinal a. 189. b. 11 28. For the trial of Cinq-mars b. 348 Chanteloube Father raises a Difference between the Queen-Mother and the Duke of Orleans b. 52. Injures the Queen's Affairs ibid. 56 76 c. 110 Charles I. King of England the ill Conduct of this King in relation to his Marriage a. 87 162. Begins to quarrel ibid. 165 210. And makes a Peace with France ibid. 312. Complains of France b. 361 Charles de Gonzaga Duke of Nevers comes to be Duke of Mantua a. 225. How he took possession of it ibid. c. 289. France favours him a. 293. The Spaniards and the Emperour endeavour to turn him out of it a. 294 297 300 305. Weakly assisted by France and the Venetians a. 297 299 301. Not able to support himself a. 304 343. Beaten out of his Dominions a. 343. Accommodates his Affairs b. 13. Dies b. 193 Charles Emanuel his Design upon Genoua a. 106. His Preparations for that end a. 110. Difference of Opinion between him and the Constable de Lesdeguieres about the attack of the Genouese ibid. 111. His Faults a. 112. Misunderstanding between him and the Constable ib. 118. A Fault he commits ib. 120. Projects against the Spaniards ibid. 130. Complains of the Treaty of Monzon ibid. 176. They endeavour to appease him ibid. 197. Enters into Montferrat a. 294 295 Charles Emanuel designs to amuse France a. 307. Is reconciled to her ib. 310. The Proposals he makes to the Cardinal a. 334. Escapes from Rivoli to Turin ibid. 336. Dies a. 345. His good and bad Qualities ib. Charles Emanuel Son to Victor Amadeo Duke of Savoy b. 224 Châteauneuf Ambassador at Venice and in the Valteline and in Switzerland a. 198. c. Made Keeper of the Seals 361. They are taken from him b. 58 Châtillon Count of made a Mareschal of France a. 66. Sent to command the Army in the Low-Countries b. 148. Takes Yvoix b. 188. Besieges St. Omers in vain ibid. 208. Is disgraced ibid. 209. Commands in Champaigne and observes the Motions of Piccolomini b. 240. Retakes Yvoix ibid. 241. Goes to besiege Arras b. 256. Commands the Army in Champaigne b. 316. Defeated by Lamboi b. 322 c. Chavigny the Conference he had with the Nuncio Scoti b. 237 Chevreuse Dutchess of beloved and ill used by the Cardinal a. 192 Christina of France Tutoress of the Children she had by Victor Amadeo b. 193 Christina the perplexity
Cardinal b. 309 310 311 Richlieu See Plessis la Richerie apprehended accuses several Persons b. 310 Riviere Abbot of an unfaithful Servant of Monsieur a. 184. Imprisoned and set at liberty b. 178 Rochelle Forts built about that City a. 68. Makes War against the King a. 101. Burns some French and Dutch Ships ib. 143. Their Fleet is beaten ib. 147. They obtain a Peace a. 158. The English promise to relieve them ib. 165 c. Treat afresh with the King ib. 168. Of what importance this Place is to England ib. 210. Block'd up by a Royal Army a. 219. Demands Assistance of England ib. 210 220 c. A Digue that shut up the Harbour ib. 227. Continuation of its Siege a. 230 c. Extreme scarcity in that City a. 232. Endeavours in vain to shut out the unprofitable Mouths a 232 236. The English endeavour in vain to relieve it a. 234 238 c. The City parlies a. 241. Capitulates and surrenders a. 248 Rohan Henry Duke of Chief of the Hugonots a. 57. Throws Relief into Montauban a. 59. Causes Montpellier to surrender a. 67. He begins the War afresh ib. 141. Rises a third time ib. 214 293. Treats with the King 314 Rohan Henry Duke of goes to the Grisons b. 64. His Progress and Victories in the Valteline b. 156. Tries in vain to join the Duke of Savoy b. 164. Oblig'd to abandon the Valteline b. 189 191. Goes to the Duke of Weymar b. 207. Dies ibid. Rome the manner of treating with that Court a. 106 Rossiglione a Defeat of the Genoueses near that Place a. 115 Roussillon a Design to conquer it b. 329 Roye taken by the Spaniards b. 170. Retaken by the French b. 173 S. Salces taken by the Prince of Condé b. 241. Retaken by the Marquis of Spinola b. 242 c. Surrenders to the French b. 256 Sardinia a Descent made by the French Fleet upon that Island b. 185 Savoy conquer'd by Lewis XIII a. 342 Savoy the Broils of the House of Savoy after the death of Victor Amadeo b. 193 c. 224 c. 228 236 288 Savoy Cardinal of his Designs upon Piedmont b. 326 c. Siezes upon Nice and Villa Franca b. 232. Adjusts his Differences with France and with his Sister-in-Law b. 325. Turns the Spanish Garrisons out of Nice and Villa Franca ibid. Schenck a Fort taken by the Spaniards b. 151 Schomberg Count of loses his Office of Superintendant of the Finances a. 69. Made a Mareschal of France a. 139. Relieves the Isle of Rhée ib. 218. Commands a Body of Men by himself in Italy a. 348. Goes to relieve Casal 351 Scoti the Nuncio his Conference with Chavigny b. 236. Ill us'd by the Court of France ib. 238 Seguier Peter made Chancellor of France b. 157. Goes to interrogate the Queen b. 216 217 Senecey Marchioness of remov'd from Court b. 250 Serbellon John trick'd by the Duke of Rethel a. 226. Beaten by the Duke of Rohan b. 156. Besieges Leucate and raises the Siege b. 186 187 Serignan enters into Catalonia b. 297 Serravalle an Overthrow of the Spaniards near that Place a. 115 Sillery Commandeur of recall'd from his Embassie at Rome a. 74 Sillery Chancellor depriv'd of the Seals a. 72 Silvio Emanuel de Savoy defends Yvrée b. 289 S. Simon a Favourite of the King a 195 Sirvela Count of Governour of Milan his Incapacity in War b. 290. Displeases Prince Thomas of Savoy b. 324 Socoa taken by the Spaniards b. 167. Abandon'd b. 296 Soissons Count of retires into Italy a. 193. Complains of the Cardinal ib. 223. Received by the Count de Bethune in spight of the Cardinal ib. 224 Soissons Count of a discourse of marrying him to Combalet b. 13 26. Mortified by the Cardinal ib. 132 144. Commands the Army in Picardy b. 170. Is Lieutenant-General of the Army of Picardy b. 171. Joins with Monsieur against the Cardinal b. 174. Flies away and retires to Sedan b. 176. Negotiations on foot to bring him back b. 177. His Reconciliation b. 179 183. His new Quarrels with the Cardinal b. 308 c. 312. His Manifesto against the Cardinal b. 317. Declar'd guilty of High-Treason by the Parliament b. 321. Is kill'd in the Battel of Sedan 322 c. Sondrio taken by the Marquis de Coeuvres a. 98 Soubise beaten out of the Isle of Rhée a. 64. Takes Six of the King's Vessels at Blavet ib. 102. He makes a Descent in several places ib. 141. Goes into England a. 146. How he was receiv'd there a. 164 Sourdis Cardinal of his Opinion in the Assembly of the Notables at Fontainbleau a. 155 Spada the Nuncio his Negotiations in the Court of France a. 81 84. concerning the Valteline a. 95 136. Offends the Cardinal ib. 153 Spain the Weakness of that Crown in 1642. b. 335 354 Spain over-sighted in the Conduct of the Spaniards a. 128 Spaniards complain in the Year 1633. of the French b. 64. The Answer of the latter b. 64 65. Spaniards a great Errour they committed in assisting the King to take Rochelle a. 217 228 Spaniards A Pretence of Religion that they cunningly made use of a. 148 Spinola Ambrose his Advice upon the Siege of Rochelle a. 228. Condemns the Conduct of the Spaniards ib. Besieges Casal a. 343. Falls out with the Emperor's Generals and with the Duke of Savoy a. 347. Falls sick ib. and dies a. 348 Spinola D. Philip takes Pontesture a. 343 States of the Kingdom assembled under Lewis XIII a. 7 The States abolish'd in France a. 202 States-General of the United Provinces assist the King against the Rochellers a. 143. Their Treaty with the King in 1627 a. 217. Another Treaty with the King in 1633 b. 61. Weary of the War with Spain b. 145. Nevertheless make a League with France b. 146. Make some Offers to the Cardinal which he does not accept b. 168. Make a new Treaty with France b. 172 Strigio Count firmly espouses the Interest of the Duke of Nevers a. 225 227 Spire attack'd and taken by the French b. 135 Sweden their League with France renew'd b. 61 Swisses their ill Politicks a. 121 Sully Duke of banish'd the Court a. 5 Susa the Pass of that City forc'd a. 309 Surrenders to the French ibid. T. Targon Pompey Engenier endeavours in vain to shut up the Harbour of Rochelle a. 227 Tarragon block'd up by the French b. 302 c. Tellieres Count of Ambassador in England a. 80. Call'd home ib. 90. Themines Marquis of made a Mareschal of France a. 13. Has the Government of Bretaigne ib. 194. Thoiras John de S. Bonet of makes a Descent upon the Isle of Rhée a. 145. Fortifies himself there ibid. 210. Goes to Casal a. 311. Takes some Places by force a. 327. Press'd hard in Casal a. 342 346. Made a Mareschal of France a. 354 Thoiras Mareschal of Commands the Army of the Duke of Savoy in Quality of his Lieutenant b. 161. Is kill'd b. 163 Thomas of Savoy Prince enters into the