diligence_n procure_v any_o levy_n to_o be_v make_v because_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o oppose_v all_o their_o order_n and_o will_v let_v no_o soldier_n be_v list_v till_o their_o petition_n have_v be_v canvas_v in_o the_o senate_n in_o this_o exigency_n the_o father_n be_v call_v together_o and_o after_o the_o business_n have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n debate_v with_o great_a heat_n and_o tumult_n at_o last_o pitch_v upon_o this_o expedient_a that_o three_o magistrate_n shall_v be_v elect_v out_o of_o each_o order_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o whole_a consular_a power_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n to_o have_v that_o office_n or_o consul_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n both_o party_n ready_o embrace_v this_o proposal_n and_o according_o proceed_v to_o a_o election_n where_o though_o the_o whole_a design_n of_o this_o stir_v have_v be_v pure_o to_o increase_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o commons_o 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c._n 388._o they_o be_v entire_o lay_v aside_o chap._n xiii_o civil_a office_n of_o less_o note_n or_o of_o less_o frequent_a occurrence_n in_o author_n and_o of_o the_o public_a servant_n there_o be_v several_a officer_n behind_o who_o deserve_v little_o more_o than_o to_o be_v name_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o low_a station_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o because_o they_o be_v very_o seldom_o mention_v in_o our_o ordinary_a classicks_n among_o these_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o those_o that_o follow_v interrex_n the_o supreme_a magistrate_n who_o govern_v between_o the_o death_n of_o one_o king_n and_o the_o election_n of_o another_o this_o office_n be_v take_v by_o turn_n by_o the_o senator_n continue_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o every_o man_n five_o day_n 1._o day_n dionys._n lib._n 2._o livy_n lib._n 1._o or_o if_o we_o believe_v plutarch_n numb_a plutarch_n in_o numb_a only_o twelve_o hour_n at_o a_o time_n we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o a_o interrex_n under_o the_o 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his_o authority_n be_v of_o great_a extent_n be_v general_o the_o high_a person_n in_o favour_n with_o the_o army_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o soldier_n once_o come_v to_o make_v their_o own_o emperor_n the_o common_a man_n they_o pitch_v upon_o be_v the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la praefectus_fw-la frumenti_fw-la and_o praefectus_fw-la vigilum_fw-la both_o owe_v their_o institution_n to_o the_o same_o augustus_n the_o first_o be_v to_o inspect_v and_o regulate_v the_o distribution_n of_o corn_n which_o use_v to_o be_v often_o make_v among_o the_o common_a people_n the_o other_o command_v in_o chief_a all_o the_o soldier_n appoint_v for_o a_o constant_a watch_n to_o the_o city_n be_v a_o cohort_n to_o every_o two_o region_n his_o business_n be_v to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o thief_n incendiary_n idle_a vagrant_n and_o the_o like_a and_o have_v the_o power_n to_o punish_v all_o petty_a misdemeanour_n which_o be_v think_v too_o trivial_a to_o come_v under_o the_o care_n of_o the_o praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la in_o many_o of_o these_o inferior_a magistracy_n several_a person_n be_v join_v in_o commission_n together_o and_o then_o they_o take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o number_n of_o man_n that_o compose_v they_o of_o this_o sort_n we_o meet_v with_o the_o triumvir_n or_o tresviri_fw-la capitales_fw-la the_o keeper_n of_o the_o public_a gaol_n they_o have_v the_o power_n to_o punish_v malefactor_n like_o our_o master_n of_o the_o house_n of_o correction_n for_o which_o service_n they_o keep_v eight_o lictor_n under_o they_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o plautus_n quid_fw-la faciam_fw-la nunc_fw-la si_fw-la tresviri_fw-la i_o in_o carcerem_fw-la compegerint_fw-la ind_n cras_fw-la è_fw-la promptuariâ_fw-la cellâ_fw-la depromar_fw-la ad_fw-la flagrum_fw-la ita_fw-la quasi_fw-la incudem_fw-la i_o miserum_fw-la octo_fw-la homines_fw-la validi_fw-la caedent_fw-la amphytr_n caedent_fw-la in_o amphytr_n triumvir_n nocturni_fw-la mention_v by_o livy_n 9_o livy_n lib._n 9_o and_o tacitus_n 5._o tacitus_n annal._n lib._n 5._o institute_v for_o the_o prevention_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o night_n triumvir_n monetales_fw-la the_o master_n of_o the_o mint_n sometime_o their_o name_n be_v write_v triumvir_n a._n a._n ae._n f._n f._n stand_v for_o auro_fw-la argento_n aere_fw-la flando_fw-la feriendo_fw-la quatuorviri_fw-la viarum_fw-la curandarum_fw-la person_n depute_v by_o the_o censor_n to_o supervise_v the_o public_a way_n centum_fw-la viri_fw-la and_o decemviri_fw-la litibus_fw-la judicandis_fw-la the_o first_o be_v a_o body_n of_o man_n choose_v three_o out_o of_o every_o tribe_n for_o the_o judge_n of_o such_o matter_n as_o the_o praetor_n commit_v to_o their_o decision_n which_o be_v reckon_v up_o by_o cicero_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr oratore_fw-la the_o decemviri_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a member_n of_o the_o centumvirate_n and_o to_o have_v preside_v under_o the_o praetor_n in_o the_o judicia_fw-la centumviralia_fw-la these_o be_v some_o of_o the_o first_o step_v to_o preferment_n for_o person_n of_o part_n and_o industry_n as_o be_v also_o the_o vigintiviratus_n mention_v by_o cicero_n tacitus_n and_o dio_n which_o perhaps_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o select_a part_n of_o the_o centumviri_n there_o be_v other_o officer_n of_o as_o little_a note_n behind_o who_o have_v no_o fix_a authority_n but_o be_v constitute_v upon_o some_o particular_a occasion_n such_o as_o the_o duumviri_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la sive_fw-la capitales_fw-la officer_n create_v for_o the_o judge_n of_o traitor_n they_o be_v first_o introduce_v by_o tullus_n hostilius_n continue_v as_o often_o as_o necessity_n require_v under_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n and_o sometime_o under_o the_o consular_a government_n at_o its_o first_o institution_n but_o after_o they_o have_v be_v lay_v down_o many_o year_n as_o unnecessary_a cicero_n in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n complain_v of_o their_o revival_n by_o labienus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o reo_fw-la commons_o cicero_n orat._n pro_fw-la c._n raâ—â—rio_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la reo_fw-la quaestores_fw-la or_o
instrument_n chap._n xi_o the_o ensign_n and_o colour_n the_o music_n the_o word_n in_o engagement_n the_o harangue_n of_o the_o general_n there_o be_v several_a thing_n still_o behind_o relate_v to_o the_o army_n very_o observable_a before_o we_o come_v to_o the_o camp_n and_o discipline_n such_o as_o the_o ensign_n the_o music_n the_o word_n or_o sign_n in_o engagement_n and_o the_o harangue_n of_o the_o general_n as_o to_o the_o ensign_n they_o be_v either_o proper_a to_o the_o foot_n or_o to_o the_o horse_n ensign_n belong_v to_o the_o foot_n be_v either_o the_o common_a one_o of_o the_o whole_a legion_n or_o the_o particular_a one_o of_o the_o several_a manipuli_fw-la the_o common_a ensign_n of_o the_o whole_a legion_n be_v a_o eagle_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n fix_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o spear_n hold_v a_o thunderbolt_n in_o his_o talon_n as_o ready_a to_o deliver_v it_o that_o this_o be_v not_o peculiar_a to_o the_o roman_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o testimony_n of_o xenophon_n who_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o royal_a ensign_n of_o cyrus_n be_v a_o golden_a eagle_n spread_v over_o a_o shield_n and_o fasten_v on_o a_o spear_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v still_o use_v by_o the_o persian_a king_n 7._o king_n de_fw-fr instit_fw-la cyri_n lib._n 7._o what_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o manipuli_fw-la former_o be_v the_o very_a word_n point_v out_o to_o we_o for_o as_o ovid_n express_v it_o pertica_fw-la suspensos_fw-la portabat_fw-la long_fw-mi maniplos_fw-la vnde_fw-la maniplaris_fw-la nomina_fw-la mile_n habet_fw-la manipulus_fw-la proper_o signify_v a_o wisp_n of_o hay_n such_o as_o in_o rude_a time_n the_o soldier_n carry_v on_o a_o pole_n for_o a_o ensign_n but_o this_o be_v in_o the_o rustic_a age_n of_o rome_n afterward_o they_o make_v use_v of_o a_o spear_n with_o a_o transverse_a piece_n on_o the_o top_n almost_o like_o a_o cross_n and_o sometime_o with_o a_o hand_n on_o the_o top_n in_o allusion_n to_o manipulus_fw-la below_o the_o transverse_a part_n be_v fasten_v one_o little_a orbicular_a shield_n or_o more_o in_o which_o they_o sometime_o place_v the_o small_a image_n of_o the_o god_n and_o in_o late_a time_n of_o the_o emperor_n augustus_n order_v a_o globe_n fasten_v on_o the_o head_n of_o a_o spear_n to_o serve_v for_o this_o use_v in_o token_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n the_o ensign_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v not_o solid_a as_o the_o other_o but_o a_o cloth_n almost_o like_o our_o colour_n spread_v on_o a_o staff_n on_o these_o be_v common_o the_o name_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o golden_a or_o purple_a letter_n the_o religious_a care_n the_o soldier_n take_v of_o the_o ensign_n be_v extraordinary_a they_o worship_v they_o swear_v by_o they_o and_o incur_v certain_a death_n if_o they_o lose_v they_o hence_o it_o be_v a_o usual_a stratagem_n in_o a_o dubious_a engagement_n for_o the_o commander_n to_o snatch_v the_o ensign_n out_o of_o the_o bearer_n hand_n and_o throw_v they_o among_o the_o troop_n of_o the_o enemy_n know_v that_o their_o man_n will_v venture_v the_o extreme_a danger_n to_o recover_v they_o as_o for_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o standard_n and_o banner_n introduce_v by_o the_o late_a emperor_n just_a before_o christianity_n and_o afterward_o they_o do_v not_o fall_v under_o the_o present_a enquiry_n which_o be_v confine_v to_o the_o more_o flourish_a and_o vigorous_a age_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o roman_n use_v only_a wind-musick_n in_o their_o army_n the_o instrument_n which_o serve_v for_o that_o purpose_n may_v be_v distinguish_v into_o the_o tuba_fw-la the_o cornua_fw-la the_o buccinae_fw-la and_o the_o litui_fw-la the_o tuba_fw-la be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v exact_o like_o our_o trumpet_n run_v on_o wide_a and_o wide_a in_o a_o direct_a line_n to_o the_o orifice_n the_o cornua_fw-la be_v bend_v almost_o round_o they_o owe_v their_o name_n and_o original_a to_o the_o old_a horn_n of_o beast_n put_v to_o the_o same_o use_n in_o the_o rude_a age_n the_o buccinae_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v have_v the_o same_o rise_v and_o may_v derive_v their_o name_n from_o bos_n and_o cano._n it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o distinguish_v these_o from_o the_o cornua_fw-la unless_o they_o be_v something_o less_o and_o not_o quite_o so_o crooked_a yet_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o they_o be_v of_o a_o different_a species_n because_o we_o never_o read_v of_o the_o cornua_fw-la in_o use_n with_o the_o watch_n or_o sentinel_n but_o only_o these_o buccinae_fw-la the_o litui_fw-la be_v a_o middle_a kind_n between_o the_o cornua_fw-la and_o the_o tuba_fw-la be_v almost_o straight_o only_o a_o little_a turn_n in_o at_o the_o top_n like_o the_o lituus_fw-la or_o sacred_a rod_n of_o the_o augur_n whence_o they_o borrow_a their_o name_n signorum_fw-la milites_fw-la genera_fw-la sagitarius_n funditor_n legionarius_n due_a milites_fw-la cum_fw-la utensibus_fw-la beside_o this_o classicum_fw-la or_o alarm_n the_o soldiers_z give_v a_o general_a shout_n at_o the_o first_o encounter_n which_o in_o late_a age_n they_o call_v barritus_n from_o some_o german_a original_a this_o custom_n seem_v to_o have_v rose_n from_o a_o instinct_n of_o nature_n and_o be_v attribute_v almost_o to_o all_o nation_n that_o engage_v in_o any_o martial_a action_n as_o by_o homer_n to_o the_o trojan_n by_o tacitus_n to_o the_o german_n by_o livy_n to_o the_o gaul_n by_o quintus_fw-la curtius_n to_o the_o macâ—donians_n and_o persian_n by_o thucydides_n plutarch_n and_o other_o author_n to_o the_o grecian_n polyaenus_n honour_v pan_n with_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o device_n when_o he_o be_v lieutenant-general_n to_o bacchus_n in_o the_o indian_a expedition_n and_o if_o so_o we_o have_v a_o very_a good_a original_a for_o the_o terrores_fw-la panici_n or_o panic_n fear_n which_o may_v well_o be_v the_o consequence_n of_o such_o a_o dismal_a and_o surprise_v clamour_n the_o roman_n make_v one_o addition_n to_o this_o custom_n at_o the_o same_o time_n clash_v their_o arm_n with_o great_a violence_n to_o improve_v the_o strength_n and_o terror_n of_o the_o noise_n this_o they_o call_v concussio_fw-la armorum_fw-la the_o sign_n of_o battle_n beside_o the_o classicum_fw-la be_v either_o a_o flag_n or_o standard_n erect_v for_o that_o purpose_n which_o plutarch_n in_o two_o several_a place_n call_v a_o purple_a robe_n or_o more_o proper_o some_o word_n or_o sentence_n communicate_v by_o the_o general_n to_o the_o chief_a officer_n and_o by_o they_o to_o the_o whole_a army_n this_o common_o contain_v some_o good_a omen_n as_o felicitas_n libertas_n victoria_n fortuna_fw-la câ—saris_fw-la and_o the_o like_a or_o else_o the_o name_n of_o some_o deity_n as_o julius_n caesar_n use_v venus_n genetrix_fw-la and_o augusius_n apollo_n the_o old_a tessera_fw-la put_v to_o this_o use_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o sort_n of_o tally_n deliver_v to_o every_o soldier_n to_o distinguish_v he_o from_o the_o enemy_n and_o perhaps_o on_o that_o they_o use_v to_o inscribe_v some_o particular_a word_n or_o sentence_n which_o afterward_o they_o make_v use_v of_o without_o the_o tally_n one_o great_a encouragement_n which_o the_o soldier_n receive_v in_o the_o entrance_n on_o any_o adventure_n be_v from_o the_o harangue_n of_o the_o general_n who_o upon_o the_o undertake_n a_o enterprise_n have_v a_o throne_n erect_v with_o green_a turf_n surround_v with_o the_o fasces_fw-la ensign_n and_o other_o military_a ornament_n from_o whence_o he_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o army_n put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o noble_a achievement_n of_o their_o ancestor_n tell_v they_o their_o own_o strength_n and_o explain_v to_o they_o the_o order_n and_o force_n of_o the_o enemy_n raise_v their_o hope_n with_o the_o glorious_a reward_n of_o honour_n and_o victory_n and_o dissipate_v their_o fear_n by_o all_o the_o argument_n that_o a_o natural_a courage_n and_o eloquence_n can_v suggest_v this_o custom_n though_o now_o lay_v aside_o as_o antiquate_v and_o useless_a be_v yet_o high_o commend_v in_o the_o ancient_a discipline_n and_o without_o doubt_n have_v be_v often_o the_o cause_n of_o extraordinary_a success_n and_o the_o mean_n of_o stiff_v sedition_n hinder_v rash_a action_n and_o prevent_v many_o unfortunate_a disorder_n in_o the_o field_n chap._n xii_o the_o form_n and_o division_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n the_o roman_n be_v more_o exact_a in_o nothing_o than_o in_o form_v their_o camp_n and_o two_o very_a great_a commander_n philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o king_n pyrrhus_n upon_o view_n of_o their_o admirable_a order_n and_o contrivance_n herein_o be_v report_v to_o have_v express_v the_o great_a admiration_n imaginable_a of_o the_o roman_a art_n and_o to_o have_v think_v they_o more_o than_o barbarian_n as_o the_o grecian_n term_v all_o people_n beside_o themselves_o before_o we_o take_v a_o particular_a prospect_n of_o the_o camp_n we_o have_v best_o distinguish_v between_o the_o câ—stra_fw-la aestiva_fw-la and_o castra_n hiberna_fw-la the_o former_a
on_o the_o pilaster_n be_v true_a be_v the_o work_n of_o phidias_n and_o praxiteles_n 3._o praxiteles_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o this_o hill_n be_v add_v to_o the_o city_n by_o numa_n 2._o numa_n diony_n halicarn_n lib._n 2._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v mons_fw-la esquilinus_n and_o mons_fw-la viminalis_fw-la to_o the_o south_n the_o forum_n of_o caesar_n and_o nerva_n to_o the_o west_n the_o level_a part_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n hortulorum_fw-la and_o the_o campus_n martius_n 3._o martius_n fabricis_fw-la roma_fw-la cap._n 3._o in_o compass_v almost_o three_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la coelius_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o coelius_n or_o coele_n a_o famous_a tuscan_a general_n who_o pitch_v his_o tent_n here_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o assistance_n of_o romulus_n against_o the_o sabine_n 4._o sabine_n varro_n de_fw-fr ling._n lat._n lib._n 4._o livy_n 30._o livy_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 30._o and_o dionysius_n 3._o dionysius_n lib._n 3._o attribute_v the_o take_n of_o it_o in_o to_z tullus_z hostilius_n but_o strabo_n 5._o strabo_n geograph_n lib._n 5._o to_o ancus_n martius_n the_o other_o name_n by_o which_o it_o be_v sometime_o know_v be_v querculanus_n or_o quercetulanus_n and_o augustus_n the_o first_o occasion_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o oak_n grow_v there_o the_o other_o impose_v by_o the_o emperor_n tiberius_n when_o he_o have_v raise_v new_a building_n upon_o it_o after_o a_o fire_n 48._o fire_n tacit._n ann._n 4._o suet._n in_o tib._n cap._n 48._o one_o part_n of_o this_o hill_n be_v call_v coeliolus_n and_o minor_a coelius_n 3._o coelius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city-wall_n to_o the_o south_n mons_fw-la aventinus_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n to_o the_o north_n mons_fw-la esquilinus_n ibid._n esquilinus_n ibid._n in_o compass_n about_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a 1._o half_a marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la esquilinus_n be_v ancient_o call_v cispius_n and_o opius_n 3._o opius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o the_o name_n of_o esquilinus_n be_v vary_v for_o the_o easy_a pronounciation_n from_o exquilinus_n a_o corruption_n of_o excubinus_n ab_fw-la excubiis_fw-la from_o the_o watch_n that_o romulus_n keep_v here_o 8._o here_o vid._n propert._n lib._n 2._o eleg._n 8._o it_o be_v take_v in_o by_o servius_n tullius_n 44._o tullius_n liv._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 44._o who_o have_v here_o his_o royal_a seat_n ibid._n seat_n ibid._n varro_z will_v have_v the_o esquiliae_n to_o be_v proper_o two_o mountain_n 4._o mountain_n de_fw-fr ling._n latin_n lib._n 4._o which_o opinion_n have_v be_v since_o approve_v of_o by_o a_o curious_a observer_n 1._o observer_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city_n wall_n to_o the_o south_n the_o via_fw-la labicana_n to_o the_o west_n the_o valley_n lie_v between_o mons_fw-la coelius_n and_o mons_fw-la palatinus_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n viminalis_fw-la 3._o viminalis_fw-la fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n about_o four_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la viminalis_fw-la derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o vimina_fw-la the_o vimina_fw-la osier_n that_o grow_v there_o in_o great_a plenty_n this_o hill_n be_v take_v in_o by_o servius_n tullius_n 4._o tullius_n diony_n lib._n 4._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o campus_n esquilinus_n and_o to_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o suburra_n and_o the_o forum_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la quirinalis_n to_o the_o north_n the_o vallis_n quirinalis_n 3._o quirinalis_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n two_o miles_n and_o a_o half_a 1._o half_a marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o the_o name_n of_o mons_fw-la aventinus_n have_v give_v great_a cause_n of_o dispute_n among_o the_o critic_n some_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o aventinus_n a_o alban_n king_n 4._o king_n varro_n de_fw-fr ling._n lat._n lib._n 4._o some_o from_o the_o river_n aven_n ibid._n aven_n ibid._n and_o other_o ab_fw-la avibus_fw-la from_o the_o bird_n which_o use_v to_o fly_v hither_o in_o great_a flock_n from_o the_o tiber_n ibid._n tiber_n ibid._n it_o be_v call_v too_o murcius_n from_o murcia_n the_o goddess_n of_o sleep_n who_o have_v here_o a_o sacellum_fw-la or_o little_a temple_n festus_n temple_n sext._n pomp._n festus_n collis_n dianae_n from_o the_o temple_n of_o diana_n martial_a diana_n martial_a and_o remonius_a from_o remus_n who_o will_v have_v have_v the_o city_n begin_v in_o this_o place_n and_o be_v here_o bury_v romal_n bury_v plutarch_n in_o romal_n a._n gellius_n affirm_v 14._o affirm_v lib._n 13._o cap._n 14._o that_o this_o hill_n be_v all_o along_o repute_v sacred_a be_v never_o enclose_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n till_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n but_o eutropius_n 1._o eutropius_n lib._n 1._o express_o attribute_n the_o take_n of_o it_o in_o to_o ancus_n maritius_n and_o a_o old_a epigram_n insert_v by_o caspinian_n in_o his_o comment_n on_o cassiodorus_n confirm_v the_o same_o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city_n wall_n to_o the_o south_n the_o campus_n figulinus_n to_o the_o west_n the_o tiber_n to_o the_o north_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n 3._o palatinus_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o circuit_n eighteen_o stadia_fw-la or_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n 1._o quarter_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap_n 1._o beside_o these_o seven_o principal_a hill_n three_o other_o of_o inferior_a note_n be_v take_v in_o in_o late_a time_n collis_n hortulorum_fw-la or_o hortorum_fw-la have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o famous_a garden_n of_o sallust_n adjoin_v to_o it_o 11._o it_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o it_o be_v afterward_o call_v pincius_n from_o the_o pincii_n a_o noble_a family_n who_o have_v here_o their_o seat_n ibid._n seat_n ibid._n the_o emperor_n aurelian_a first_o enclose_v it_o within_o the_o city_n wall_n ibid._n wall_n ibid._n to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n it_o have_v the_o plain_a part_n of_o mons_fw-la quirinalis_n to_o the_o west_n the_o vallis_n martia_n to_o the_o north_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n 3._o city_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n about_o eighteen_o stadia_fw-la 1._o stadia_fw-la marlian_a lib_n 1._o câ—p_n 1._o janiculum_n or_o janicularis_fw-la be_v so_o call_v either_o from_o a_o old_a town_n of_o the_o same_o name_n say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o janus_n or_o because_o janus_n dwell_v and_o be_v bury_v here_o 11._o here_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o or_o because_o it_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o janua_n of_o janua_n gate_n to_o the_o roman_n whence_o they_o issue_v out_o upon_o the_o tuscan_n festus_n tuscan_n festus_n the_o sparkle_v sand_n have_v at_o present_a give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o mons_fw-la aureus_fw-la and_o by_o corruption_n montorius_n 3._o montorius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o we_o may_v make_v two_o observation_n about_o this_o hill_n from_o one_o epigram_n of_o martial_a that_o it_o be_v the_o fit_a place_n to_o take_v once_o stand_v for_o a_o full_a prospect_n of_o the_o city_n and_o that_o it_o be_v less_o inhabit_v than_o the_o other_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o grossness_n of_o the_o air_n 64._o air_n marlial_a epig._n lib._n 4._o ep._n 64._o it_o be_v still_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o numa_n and_o statius_n the_o poet_n 3._o poet_n fabricii_n rom._n lib_n 1._o cap._n 3._o to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n it_o have_v the_o tiber_n to_o the_o west_n the_o field_n to_o the_o north_n the_o vatican_n ibid._n vatican_n ibid._n in_o circuit_n as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o stand_v within_o the_o city_n wall_n five_o stadia_fw-la 1._o stadia_fw-la marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la vaticanus_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o vates_fw-la or_o prophet_n that_o use_v to_o be_v give_v here_o or_o from_o the_o god_n vaticanus_n or_o vagitanus_n 〈◊〉_d vagitanus_n 〈◊〉_d it_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v enclose_v within_o the_o wall_n till_o the_o time_n of_o aurelian_a this_o hill_n be_v former_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n some_o remain_v of_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v 2._o see_v warcup_n hist_n of_o italy_n book_n 2._o but_o it_o be_v more_o celebrate_v at_o present_a on_o the_o account_n of_o st._n peter_n church_n the_o pope_n palace_n and_o the_o noble_a library_n in_o the_o world_n to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o campus_n vatioanus_n and_o the_o river_n to_o the_o south_n the_o janiculum_n to_o the_o west_n the_o campus_n figulinus_n or_o potter_n field_n to_o the_o north_n the_o prata_n quintia_n 3._o quintia_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o it_o lie_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o bow_n draw_v up_o very_o high_a the_o convex_a part_n stretch_v almost_o a_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o as_o to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n the_o great_a we_o meet_v with_o in_o history_n be_v in_o the_o
tradition_n be_v for_o wit_n allow_v the_o mimic_n yearly_o give_v the_o same_o delight_n and_o in_o the_o mother_n arm_n the_o clownish_a infant_n fright_v their_o habit_n undistinguished_a by_o degree_n be_v plain_a alike_o the_o same_o simplicity_n both_o on_o the_o stage_n and_o in_o the_o pit_n you_o see_v dryâ—en_n see_v mâ—_n dryâ—en_n some_o remain_v of_o this_o theatre_n of_o pompey_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v at_o rome_n as_o also_o of_o those_o other_o of_o marcellus_n statilius_n taurus_n tâ—berius_n and_o titus_n the_o second_o be_v almost_o entire_a 12._o entire_a fabric_n rom._n cap._n 12._o the_o circo_n be_v place_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o game_n which_o we_o will_v speak_v of_o hereafter_o they_o be_v general_o oblong_v or_o almost_o in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o bow_n 10._o bow_n marlian_n topog._n râ—m_n ant._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 10._o have_v a_o wall_n quite_o round_o 14._o round_o pelydor_n virg._n de_fw-fr rer._n invent_v lib._n 2._o cap._n 14._o with_o range_v of_o seat_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o spectator_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o circus_n stand_v the_o carceres_fw-la or_o list_n whence_o they_o start_v and_o just_a by_o they_o one_o of_o the_o metae_fw-la or_o mark_n the_o other_o stand_v at_o the_o far_a end_n to_o conclude_v the_o race_n there_o be_v several_a of_o these_o circi_fw-la in_o rome_n as_o those_o of_o flaminius_n nero_n caracalla_n and_o severus_n but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a as_o the_o very_a name_n import_v be_v the_o circus_n maximus_n first_o build_v by_o tarquâ—â—â—us_n priscus_n halic_fw-mi priscus_n livy_n &_o diony_n halic_fw-mi the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v four_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n the_o breadth_n the_o like_a number_n of_o acre_n with_o a_o trench_n of_o ten_o foot_n deep_a and_o as_o many_o broad_a to_o receive_v the_o water_n and_o seat_n enough_o for_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n 3._o man_n diony_n lib._n 3._o it_o be_v extreme_o beautify_v and_o adorn_v by_o succeed_a prince_n particular_o by_o julius_n caesar_n augustus_n caligula_n domitian_n trajan_n and_o heliogabalus_n and_o enlarge_v to_o such_o a_o prodigious_a extent_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v in_o their_o proper_a seat_n two_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o thousand_o spectator_n 36._o spectator_n plin._n lib._n 36._o the_o naumachiae_n or_o place_n for_o the_o show_v of_o sea-engagement_n be_v nowhere_o particular_o describe_v but_o we_o may_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v very_o little_a different_a from_o the_o circo_n and_o amphitheatre_n since_o those_o sort_n of_o show_n for_o which_o they_o be_v design_v be_v often_o exhibit_v in_o the_o forementioned_a place_n 13._o place_n marlian_n topog._n rom._n ant._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 13._o odeum_n be_v a_o public_a edifice_n much_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o theatre_n 12._o theatre_n fabric_n rom._n cap._n 12._o where_o the_o musician_n and_o actor_n private_o exercise_v before_o their_o appearance_n on_o the_o stage_n 4._o stage_n rosin_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 4._o plutarch_n have_v describe_v one_o of_o these_o odeum_n at_o athens_n whence_o to_o be_v sure_o the_o roman_n take_v the_o hint_n of_o they_o in_o the_o follow_a word_n for_o the_o contrivance_n of_o it_o on_o the_o inside_n it_o be_v full_a of_o seat_n and_o range_v of_o pillar_n and_o on_o the_o outside_n the_o roof_n or_o cover_v of_o it_o be_v make_v from_o one_o point_n at_o top_n with_o a_o great_a many_o bend_n all_o shelve_v downward_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n be_v pavilion_n periâ—â—e_n pavilion_n in_o periâ—â—e_n the_o stadia_fw-la be_v place_n in_o the_o form_n of_o circo_n for_o the_o run_v of_o man_n and_o horse_n 12._o horse_n fabric_n rom._n cap._n 12._o a_o very_a noble_a one_o suetonius_n domitian_n suetonius_n in_o domitian_n tell_v we_o be_v build_v by_o domitian_n the_o xysti_n be_v place_n build_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o portico_n for_o the_o wrestler_n to_o exercise_v in_o 12._o in_o fabric_n rom._n cap._n 12._o circi_fw-la et_fw-la quinque_fw-la ludicrorum_fw-la circensium_fw-la deformatio_fw-la ex_fw-la onuphrio_n panvinio_fw-la naumachiae_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la navalis_fw-la pugnae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la ex_fw-la onuphr_n panvinio_fw-la the_o campus_n martius_n famous_a on_o so_o many_o account_n be_v a_o large_a plain_a field_n lie_v near_o the_o tiber_n whence_o we_o find_v it_o sometime_o under_o the_o name_n of_o tiberinus_n it_o be_v call_v martius_n because_o it_o have_v be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o old_a roman_n to_o the_o god_n mars_n beside_o the_o pleasant_a situation_n and_o other_o natural_a ornament_n the_o continual_a sport_n and_o exercise_n perform_v here_o make_v it_o one_o of_o the_o most_o divert_v sight_n near_o the_o city_n for_o here_o the_o young_a nobleman_n practise_v all_o manner_n of_o feat_n of_o activity_n learn_v the_o use_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o weapon_n here_o the_o race_n either_o with_o chariot_n or_o single_a horse_n be_v undertake_v beside_o this_o it_o be_v noble_o adorn_v with_o the_o statue_n of_o famous_a man_n and_o with_o arch_n column_n and_o portico_n and_o other_o magnificent_a structure_n here_o stand_v the_o villa_n publica_n or_o palace_n for_o the_o reception_n and_o entertainment_n of_o ambassador_n from_o foreign_a state_n who_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o enter_v the_o city_n several_a of_o the_o public_a comitia_fw-la be_v hold_v in_o this_o field_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n be_v the_o septa_fw-la or_o ovilia_fw-la build_v a_o apartment_n enclose_v with_o rail_n where_o the_o tribe_n or_o century_n go_v in_o one_o by_o one_o to_o give_v their_o vote_n cicero_n in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n to_o atticus_n intimate_v a_o noble_a design_n he_o have_v to_o make_v the_o septa_fw-la of_o marble_n and_o to_o cover_v they_o with_o a_o high_a roof_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o stately_a portico_n or_o piazza_n all_o round_a but_o we_o hear_v no_o more_o of_o this_o project_n and_o therefore_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v he_o be_v disappoint_v by_o the_o civil_a war_n which_o break_v out_o present_o after_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o curiae_fw-la senacula_fw-la basilicae_fw-la fora_n and_o comitium_n the_o roman_a curia_n as_o it_o signify_v a_o public_a edifice_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n divine_a and_o civil_a in_o the_o former_a the_o priest_n and_o religious_a order_n meet_v for_o the_o regulation_n of_o the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n belong_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o god_n in_o the_o other_o the_o senate_n use_v to_o assemble_v to_o consult_v about_o the_o public_a concern_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n 16._o commonwealth_n alex._n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 1._o c._n 16._o the_o senate_n can_v not_o meet_v in_o such_o a_o curia_n unless_o it_o have_v be_v solemn_o consecrate_v by_o the_o augur_n 7._o augur_n a_o gell._n lib._n 14._o c._n 7._o and_o make_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o a_o temple_n sometime_o at_o least_o the_o curiae_fw-la be_v not_o distinct_a building_n but_o only_o a_o room_n or_o hall_n in_o some_o public_a place_n as_o particular_o livy_n 1._o livy_n lib._n 1._o and_o pliny_n lib._n pliny_n lib._n speak_v of_o a_o curia_n in_o the_o comitium_fw-la though_o that_o itself_o be_v no_o entire_a structure_n the_o most_o celebrate_a curiae_fw-la be_v curia_n hostilia_n build_v by_o tullus_n hostilius_n as_o livy_n 1._o livy_n lib._n 1._o inform_v we_o and_o curia_n pompeii_n where_o the_o senate_n assemble_v for_o the_o effect_v the_o death_n of_o julius_n caesar_n â—o_o caesar_n sueton._n in_o jul._n caes_n c_o â—o_o senaculum_fw-la be_v sometime_o the_o same_o as_o curia_n 27._o curia_n marlian_n topog._n ant._n rom._n lib._n 3._o c._n 27._o to_o be_v sure_a it_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o meeting-place_n for_o the_o senate_n the_o same_o as_o the_o grecian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sext._n pomp._n festus_n senaculum_fw-la festus_n in_o vece_n senaculum_fw-la tell_v we_o of_o three_o senacula_n two_o within_o the_o city-wall_n for_o ordinary_a consultation_n and_o one_o without_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o city_n where_o the_o senate_n assemble_v to_o give_v audience_n to_o those_o ambassador_n of_o foreign_a state_n who_o they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o honour_n with_o a_o admission_n into_o the_o city_n lampridius_n â—ai_fw-fr lampridius_n in_o vit_fw-mi lâ—â—_n â—ai_fw-fr inform_v we_o that_o the_o emperor_n heliogabalus_n build_v a_o senaculum_fw-la purposely_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o woman_n where_o upon_o high_a day_n a_o council_n of_o grave_a matron_n be_v to_o keep_v court_n the_o basilicae_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o beautiful_a aedifices_fw-la design_v not_o only_o for_o the_o senate_n to_o sit_v in_o but_o for_o the_o judge_n too_o in_o the_o decision_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o cause_n and_o for_o the_o counsellor_n to_o receive_v client_n the_o banker_n too_o have_v one_o part_n of_o it_o allot_v for_o their_o residence_n 7._o residence_n rosin_n ant._n
take_v from_o the_o consul_n by_o the_o valerian_n law_n and_o liberty_n give_v for_o a_o appeal_n from_o they_o to_o the_o people_n they_o can_v not_o compel_v any_o body_n to_o take_v up_o arms._n upon_o this_o account_n they_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n who_o for_o six_o month_n shall_v rule_v with_o absolute_a authority_n even_o above_o the_o law_n themselves_o the_o first_o person_n pitch_v upon_o for_o this_o honour_n be_v titus_n largius_n flavus_n about_o a._n v._o c._n 253_o or_o 255._o 2._o 255._o diony_n antiq._n lib._n 5._o livy_n lib_n 2._o this_o supreme_a officer_n be_v call_v dictator_n either_o because_o he_o be_v dictus_fw-la name_v of_o the_o consul_n or_o else_o from_o dictate_v and_o command_v what_o shall_v be_v do_v ibid._n do_v ibid._n though_o we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o dictator_n upon_o a_o small_a account_n as_o the_o hold_v the_o comitia_fw-la for_o the_o election_n of_o consul_n the_o celebration_n of_o public_a game_n and_o the_o like_a yet_o the_o true_a and_o proper_a dictator_n be_v he_o who_o have_v be_v invest_v with_o this_o honour_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o dangerous_a war_n sedition_n or_o any_o such_o emergency_n as_o require_v a_o sudden_a and_o absolute_a command_n 17._o command_n lip_n de_fw-fr magistrate_n cap._n 17._o and_o therefore_o he_o be_v not_o choose_v with_o the_o usual_a formality_n but_o only_o name_v in_o the_o night_n viuâ_fw-la voce_fw-la by_o the_o consul_n 4._o consul_n livy_n lib._n 4._o and_o confirm_v by_o the_o divination_n from_o bird_n 3._o bird_n cicero_n de_fw-fr leg._n lib._n 3._o the_o time_n assign_v for_o the_o disration_n of_o the_o office_n be_v never_o lengthen_v except_o out_o of_o mere_a necessity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o perpetual_a dictatorship_n of_o sylia_n and_o julius_n caesar_n they_o be_v confess_v to_o have_v be_v notorious_a violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n there_o be_v two_o other_o confinement_n which_o the_o dictator_n be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v first_o he_o be_v never_o to_o stir_v out_o of_o italy_n for_o fear_n he_o shall_v take_v advantage_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o common_a liberty_n 36._o liberty_n diu._n hist_o lib._n 36._o beside_o this_o he_o be_v always_o to_o march_v on_o foot_n only_o upon_o account_n of_o a_o tedious_a or_o sudden_a expedition_n he_o formal_o ask_v leave_v of_o the_o people_n to_o ride_v max._n ride_v plutarch_n in_o fab._n max._n but_o set_v aside_o these_o restraint_n his_o power_n be_v most_o absolute_a he_o may_v proclaim_v war_n levy_v force_n lead_v they_o out_o or_o disband_v they_o without_o any_o cousultation_n have_v with_o the_o senate_n he_o can_v punish_v as_o he_o please_v and_o from_o his_o judgement_n lie_v no_o appeal_n 8._o appeal_n dienys_n antiq._n lib._n 8._o at_o least_o not_o till_o in_o late_a time_n to_o make_v the_o authority_n of_o his_o charge_n more_o awful_a he_o have_v always_o twenty_o four_o bundle_n of_o rod_n and_o as_o many_o axe_n carry_v before_o he_o in_o public_a if_o we_o will_v believe_v plutarch_n max._n plutarch_n in_o fab._n max._n and_o polybius_n 3._o polybius_n hist_o lib_n 3._o though_o livy_n attribute_n the_o first_o rise_v of_o this_o custom_n to_o sylla_n 89._o sylla_n epitome_n lib._n 89._o nor_o be_v he_o only_o invest_v with_o the_o joint_a authority_n of_o both_o the_o consul_n whence_o the_o grecian_n call_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o double_a consul_n but_o during_o his_o administration_n all_o other_o magistrate_n cease_v except_o the_o tribune_n and_o leave_v the_o whole_a government_n entrust_v in_o his_o hand_n max._n hand_n pint._n in_o fab._n max._n this_o office_n have_v the_o repute_n to_o be_v the_o only_o safeguard_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n four_o hundred_o year_n together_o till_o sylla_n and_o caesar_n have_v convert_v it_o into_o a_o tyranny_n and_o render_v the_o very_a name_n odious_a upon_o the_o murder_n of_o the_o last_o a_o decree_n pass_v in_o senate_n to_o forbid_v the_o use_n of_o it_o upon_o any_o account_n whatever_o for_o the_o future_a 3._o future_a dio_fw-mi lib._n 44._o appian_n lib._n 3._o the_o first_o thing_n the_o dictator_n do_v be_v to_o choose_v a_o magister_fw-la eguitum_fw-la or_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n who_o be_v to_o be_v his_o lieutenant-general_n in_o the_o army_n but_o can_v act_v nothing_o without_o his_o express_a order_n yet_o in_o the_o war_n with_o hannibal_n when_o the_o slow_a proceed_n of_o fabius_n maximus_n create_v a_o suspicion_n in_o the_o commons_o they_o vote_v that_o minutius_n his_o master_n of_o the_o house_n shall_v have_v a_o equal_a authority_n with_o fabius_n himself_o and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v another_o dictator_n 3._o dictator_n plutarch_n in_o fab._n max._n polybius_n lib._n 3._o the_o like_a be_v afterward_o practise_v in_o the_o same_o war_n upon_o the_o defeat_n at_o cannae_n when_o the_o dictator_n m._n junius_n be_v with_o the_o army_n fabius_n buteo_n be_v choose_v a_o second_o dictator_n at_o rome_n to_o create_v new_a senator_n for_o the_o supply_n of_o their_o place_n who_o have_v be_v kill_v in_o the_o battle_n though_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o ceremony_n be_v over_o he_o immediate_o lay_v down_o his_o command_n and_o act_v as_o a_o private_a person_n ibid._n person_n plutarch_n ibid._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o praetor_n the_o original_a of_o this_o office_n institute_v in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 389._o be_v owe_v to_o two_o occasion_n partly_o because_o the_o consul_n be_v very_o often_o whole_o take_v up_o with_o foreign_a war_n find_v the_o want_n of_o some_o person_n to_o administer_v justice_n in_o the_o city_n and_o partly_o because_o the_o nobility_n have_v lose_v their_o appropriation_n of_o the_o consulship_n be_v ambitious_a of_o procure_v to_o themselves_o some_o new_a honour_n in_o its_o room_n princip_n room_n vide_fw-la liv._o lib._n 7._o circa_fw-la princip_n at_o the_o first_o only_a one_o be_v create_v take_v his_o name_n à _fw-la praeeundo_fw-la and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n most_o of_o the_o old_a latin_n call_v their_o commander_n praetores_fw-la and_o the_o consul_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v use_v that_o title_n at_o their_o first_o institution_n a._n v._o c._n 501_o another_o praetor_n be_v add_v and_o then_o one_o of_o they_o apply_v himself_o whole_o to_o the_o preserve_n of_o justice_n among_o the_o citizen_n with_o the_o name_n of_o praetor_n vrbanus_n while_o the_o other_o appoint_v judge_n in_o all_o matter_n relate_v to_o foreigner_n but_o upon_o the_o take_n in_o of_o sicily_n and_o sardinia_n a._n v._o c._n 520._o two_o more_o praetor_n be_v create_v to_o assist_v the_o consul_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o province_n and_o as_o many_o more_o upon_o the_o entire_a conquest_n of_o spain_n a._n v._o c._n 551._o sylla_n increase_v the_o number_n to_o eight_o julius_n caesar_n first_o to_o ten_o and_o then_o to_o sixteen_o the_o second_o triumvir_n after_o a_o extravagant_a manner_n to_o sixty_o four_o after_o this_o sometime_o we_o meet_v with_o twelve_o praetor_n sometime_o sixteen_o or_o eighteen_o but_o in_o the_o declension_n of_o the_o empire_n they_o fall_v as_o low_o again_o as_o three_o when_o the_o number_n of_o the_o praetor_n be_v thus_o increase_v and_o the_o quaestiones_fw-la or_o inquiry_n into_o crime_n make_v perpetual_a and_o not_o commit_v to_o officer_n choose_v upon_o such_o occasion_n the_o praetor_n vrbanus_n and_o as_o lipsius_n think_v the_o praetor_n peregrinus_n undertake_v the_o cognizance_n of_o private_a cause_n and_o the_o other_o praetor_n of_o crime_n the_o latter_a therefore_o be_v sometime_o call_v quaesitores_fw-la quia_fw-la quaerebant_fw-la de_fw-la crimine_fw-la the_o first_o bare_o jus_o dicebat_fw-la here_o we_o must_v observe_v the_o difference_n between_o jus_o dicere_fw-la and_o judicare_fw-la the_o former_a relate_v to_o the_o praetor_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o allow_v a_o action_n and_o grant_v judge_n for_o determine_v the_o controversy_n the_o other_o be_v the_o proper_a office_n of_o the_o judices_fw-la allow_v by_o the_o praetor_n and_o denote_v the_o actual_a hear_n and_o decide_v of_o a_o cause_n 826._o cause_n p._n manut._n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la p._n 826._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o censor_n the_o census_n or_o survey_v of_o the_o roman_a citizen_n and_o their_o estate_n from_o censco_n to_o rate_v or_o value_n be_v introduce_v by_o servius_n tullius_n the_o six_o king_n but_o without_o the_o assignment_n of_o any_o particular_a officer_n to_o manage_v it_o and_o therefore_o he_o take_v the_o trouble_n upon_o himself_o and_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o the_o regal_a duty_n upon_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o tarquin_n the_o business_n fall_v to_o the_o consul_n and_o continue_v in_o their_o care_n till_o their_o dominion_n grow_v so_o large_a as_o to_o
and_o defend_v augustus_n when_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n he_o assume_v the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o empire_n among_o other_o constitution_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n divide_v the_o province_n into_o two_o part_n one_o of_o which_o he_o give_v whole_o over_o to_o the_o people_n and_o reserve_v the_o other_o for_o himself_o after_o which_o time_n only_o the_o governor_n send_v into_o the_o first_o division_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o proconsul_n though_o they_o be_v deny_v the_o whole_a military_a power_n and_o so_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o old_a proconsul_n to_o these_o four_o sort_n of_o proconsul_n we_o may_v add_v two_o more_o from_o alexander_n of_o naples_n first_o such_o as_o the_o senate_n create_v proconsul_n without_o a_o province_n pure_o for_o the_o command_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o care_n of_o the_o military_a discipline_n and_o second_o such_o design_v consul_n as_o enter_v on_o their_o proconsular_a office_n before_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o consulship_n chap._n xv._o of_o the_o provincial_a praetor_n and_o propraetor_n of_o the_o legati_fw-la quaestor_n and_o proquaestor_n in_o the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o province_n be_v govern_v by_o praetor_n and_o as_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o state_n be_v enlarge_v the_o number_n of_o those_o magistrate_n be_v according_o increase_v yet_o even_o in_o those_o time_n if_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o command_n of_o the_o province_n beyond_o the_o time_n prefix_v for_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o praetorship_n they_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o name_n of_o propraetor_n though_o they_o still_o keep_v the_o same_o authority_n as_o before_o about_o a._n v._o c._n 604._o the_o design_v praetor_n begin_v to_o divide_v the_o praetorian_a or_o lesser_a province_n by_o lot_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o consul_n do_v the_o consular_a and_o when_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n they_o repair_v to_o their_o respective_a government_n assume_v the_o title_n of_o propraetor_n as_o their_o creation_n be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o the_o proconsul_n so_o their_o entrance_n upon_o their_o office_n and_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o administration_n be_v exact_o answerable_a to_o they_o only_o that_o they_o be_v allow_v but_o six_o lictor_n with_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o fasces_fw-la whereas_o the_o proconsul_n have_v twelve_o of_o each_o now_o though_o before_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n the_o propraetor_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o preside_v over_o the_o province_n of_o lesser_a note_n and_o importance_n be_v always_o reckon_v inferior_a to_o the_o proconsul_n yet_o upon_o his_o division_n of_o the_o province_n the_o governor_n of_o those_o which_o fall_v to_o his_o share_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o propraetor_n get_v the_o preference_n of_o the_o proconsul_n in_o respect_n of_o power_n and_o authority_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o military_a command_n and_o continue_v in_o their_o office_n as_o long_o as_o the_o emperor_n please_v the_o chief_a assistant_n of_o the_o proconsul_n and_o the_o propraetor_n be_v the_o legati_fw-la and_o the_o provincial_a quaestor_n the_o former_a be_v different_a in_o number_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o governor_n who_o they_o accompany_v serve_v for_o the_o judge_n of_o inferior_a cause_n and_o the_o management_n of_o all_o small_a concern_v remit_v every_o thing_n of_o moment_n to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o governor_n or_o precedent_n beside_o the_o legati_fw-la there_o go_v with_o every_o proconsul_n or_o propraetor_n one_o or_o more_o quaestor_n who_o whole_a business_n be_v concern_v in_o manage_v the_o public_a account_n take_v care_n of_o the_o supply_n of_o money_n corn_n and_o other_o necessary_n and_o convenience_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n we_o seldom_o meet_v with_o proquaestor_n in_o author_n they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o quaestor_n in_o the_o province_n without_o the_o deputation_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o proper_a quaestor_n this_o happen_v either_o when_o a_o quaestor_n die_v in_o his_o office_n or_o go_v to_o rome_n without_o be_v succeed_v by_o another_o quaestor_n for_o in_o both_o these_o case_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n appoint_v another_o in_o his_o room_n to_o discharge_v the_o same_o duty_n under_o the_o name_n of_o proquaestor_fw-la of_o the_o like_a nature_n with_o these_o quaestor_n be_v the_o procuratores_fw-la caesaris_fw-la often_o mention_v by_o tacitus_n and_o suetonius_n officer_n send_v by_o the_o emperor_n into_o every_o province_n to_o receive_v and_o regulate_v the_o public_a revenue_n and_o to_o dispose_v of_o it_o at_o the_o emperor_n command_n such_o a_o magistrate_n be_v pontius_n pilate_n in_o judaea_n and_o though_o the_o judge_n of_o extreme_a cause_n do_v not_o proper_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n yet_o because_o the_o jew_n be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o rebellious_a nation_n and_o apt_a to_o revolt_v upon_o the_o least_o occasion_n and_o because_o the_o precedent_n of_o syria_n be_v force_v to_o attend_v on_o other_o part_n of_o his_o province_n therefore_o for_o the_o better_a keep_v the_o jew_n in_o order_n the_o procurator_n of_o judaea_n be_v invest_v with_o all_o the_o authority_n proper_a to_o the_o proconsul_n even_o with_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n as_o the_o learned_a bishop_n pearson_n observe_v 4._o observe_v bishop_n pearson_n on_o the_o creed_n art_n 4._o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o comitia_fw-la the_o comitia_fw-la according_a to_o sigonius_n definition_n be_v general_a assembly_n of_o the_o people_n lawful_o call_v by_o some_o magistrate_n for_o the_o enjoyment_n or_o prohibition_n of_o any_o thing_n by_o their_o vote_n 17._o vote_n sigon_n de_fw-fr antiq_fw-la jure_fw-la civ_o romanorum_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 17._o the_o proper_a comitia_fw-la be_v of_o three_o sort_n curiata_fw-la genturiata_n and_o tributa_fw-la with_o reference_n to_o the_o three_o grand_a division_n of_o the_o city_n and_o people_n into_o curiae_fw-la century_n and_o tribe_n for_o by_o comitia_fw-la calata_n which_o we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o in_o author_n in_o elder_a time_n be_v mean_v all_o the_o comitia_fw-la in_o general_n the_o word_n calata_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o calo_n be_v their_o common_a epithet_n though_o it_o be_v at_o last_o restrain_v to_o two_o sort_n of_o assembly_n those_o for_o the_o creation_n of_o priest_n and_o those_o for_o the_o inspection_n and_o regulation_n of_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n 27._o testament_n a._n gell._n lib._n 15._o cap._n 27._o the_o comitia_fw-la curiata_fw-la owe_v their_o original_a to_o the_o division_n which_o romulus_n make_v of_o the_o people_n into_o thirty_o curiae_fw-la ten_o be_v contain_v under_o every_o tribe_n they_o answer_v in_o most_o respect_n to_o the_o parish_n in_o our_o city_n be_v not_o only_o separate_v by_o proper_a bound_n and_o limit_n but_o distinguish_v too_o by_o their_o different_a place_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o divine_a service_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o particular_a priest_n one_o to_o every_o curia_n with_o the_o name_n of_o curiones_n before_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la centuriata_fw-la all_o the_o grand_a concern_v of_o the_o state_n be_v transact_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o curia_n as_o the_o election_n of_o king_n and_o other_o chief_a officer_n the_o make_n and_o abrogate_a of_o law_n and_o the_o adjudge_v of_o capital_a cause_n after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n when_o the_o commons_o have_v obtain_v the_o privilege_n to_o have_v tribune_n and_o aedile_n they_o elect_v they_o for_o some_o time_n at_o these_o assembly_n but_o that_o ceremony_n be_v at_o length_n transfer_v to_o the_o comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la the_o curiae_fw-la be_v never_o convene_v to_o give_v their_o vote_n except_o now_o and_o then_o upon_o account_n of_o make_v some_o particular_a law_n relate_v to_o adoption_n will_n and_o testament_n or_o the_o creation_n of_o officer_n for_o a_o expedition_n or_o for_o the_o elect_v of_o some_o of_o the_o priest_n as_o the_o flamen_v and_o the_o curio_n maximus_fw-la or_o superintendant_n of_o the_o curiones_n who_o themselves_o be_v choose_v by_o every_o particular_a curia_n the_o power_n of_o call_v these_o assembly_n belong_v at_o first_o only_o to_o the_o king_n but_o upon_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o democracy_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o most_o of_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n and_o sometime_o to_o the_o pontifices_fw-la the_o person_n who_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o vote_v here_o be_v such_o roman_a citizen_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o curiae_fw-la or_o such_o as_o actual_o live_v in_o the_o city_n and_o conform_v to_o the_o custom_n and_o rite_n of_o their_o proper_a curia_n all_o those_o be_v exclude_v who_o dwell_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n retain_v the_o ceremony_n of_o their_o
rome_n and_o though_o he_o constitute_v at_o that_o time_n only_o three_o yet_o as_o the_o state_n increase_v in_o power_n and_o the_o city_n in_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n they_o rise_v by_o degree_n to_o five_o and_o thirty_o the_o distinction_n of_o tribus_fw-la vrbanae_fw-la and_o rusticae_fw-la be_v at_o first_o take_v up_o for_o a_o difference_n between_o those_o people_n who_o inhabit_v the_o city_n and_o those_o who_o dwell_v in_o other_o part_n but_o at_o last_o the_o country-tribe_n be_v esteem_v the_o most_o honourable_a engross_v the_o whole_a number_n except_o four_n the_o first_o assembly_n of_o the_o tribe_n we_o meet_v with_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 263._o convene_v by_o sp._n picinius_fw-la tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o upon_o account_n of_o the_o trial_n of_o coriolanus_n soon_o after_o the_o tribunes_z of_o the_o commons_o be_v order_v to_o be_v elect_v here_o and_o at_o last_o all_o the_o inferior_a magistrate_n and_o the_o collegiate_n priest_n the_o same_o comitia_fw-la serve_v for_o the_o enact_v of_o law_n relate_v to_o war_n and_o peace_n and_o all_o other_o propose_v by_o the_o tribune_n and_o plebeian_n officer_n though_o they_o have_v not_o proper_o the_o name_n of_o leges_fw-la but_o plebiscita_fw-la they_o be_v general_o convene_v by_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o but_o the_o same_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o all_o the_o magistrate_n poet_n magistrate_n hor._n the_o art_n poet_n they_o be_v confine_v to_o no_o place_n and_o therefore_o sometime_o we_o find_v they_o hold_v in_o the_o comitium_fw-la sometime_o in_o the_o campus_n martius_n and_o now_o and_o then_o in_o the_o capitol_n the_o proceed_n be_v in_o most_o respect_n answerable_a to_o those_o already_o describe_v in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o other_o comitia_fw-la and_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v insist_v on_o only_o we_o may_v far_o observe_v of_o the_o comitia_fw-la in_o general_n that_o when_o any_o candidate_n be_v find_v to_o have_v most_o tablet_n for_o a_o magistracy_n he_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v design_v or_o elect_v by_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o assembly_n and_o this_o they_o term_v renunciari_fw-la consul_n praetor_n or_o the_o like_a and_o that_o the_o last_o sort_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la only_o can_v be_v hold_v without_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o convening_n of_o the_o other_o two_o 9_o two_o diony_n lib._n 9_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o roman_a judgement_n and_o first_o of_o private_a judgement_n a_o judgement_n according_a to_o aristotle_n definition_n be_v no_o more_o than_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o decision_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n the_o whole_a subject_n of_o the_o roman_a judgement_n be_v admirable_o explain_v by_o sigonius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la from_o who_o the_o follow_a account_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n extract_v judgement_n or_o determination_n of_o a_o proper_a judge_n be_v make_v either_o by_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o select_a judge_n or_o by_o the_o whole_a people_n in_o a_o general_n assembly_n judgement_n make_v by_o one_o or_o more_o select_a judge_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o public_a and_o private_a the_o first_o relate_v to_o controversy_n the_o second_o to_o crime_n the_o former_a will_v be_v sufficient_o describe_v if_o we_o consider_v the_o matter_n or_o subject_a of_o these_o judgement_n the_o person_n concern_v in_o they_o and_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v the_o matter_n of_o private_a judgement_n take_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o cause_n that_o can_v happen_v between_o man_n and_o man_n which_o be_v so_o vast_o extend_v and_o belong_v more_o immediate_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n need_v not_o here_o be_v insist_v on_o the_o person_n concern_v be_v the_o party_n the_o assistant_n and_o the_o judge_n the_o party_n be_v the_o actor_n and_o reus_n the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n the_o assistant_n be_v the_o procurâtore_v and_o the_o advocati_fw-la of_o who_o though_o they_o be_v often_o confound_v yet_o the_o first_o be_v proper_o such_o lawyer_n as_o assist_v the_o plaintiff_n in_o prove_v or_o the_o defendant_n in_o clear_v himself_o from_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o other_o who_o be_v likewise_o call_v patroni_fw-la be_v to_o defend_v their_o client_n cause_v in_o matter_n of_o law_n 3_o law_n zouch_v element_n jurisprud_n p._n 5._o sect._n 3_o both_o these_o be_v select_v out_o of_o the_o able_a lawyer_n and_o have_v their_o name_n enter_v in_o the_o matriculation-book_n of_o the_o forum_n this_o be_v one_o condition_n requisite_a to_o give_v they_o the_o liberty_n of_o plead_v the_o other_o be_v the_o be_v retain_v by_o one_o party_n or_o the_o receive_n a_o fee_n which_o they_o term_v mandatum_fw-la ibid._n mandatum_fw-la ibid._n the_o judge_n beside_o the_o praetor_n or_o supreme_a magistrate_n who_o preside_v in_o the_o court_n and_o allow_v and_o confirm_v they_o be_v of_o three_o sort_n arbitri_fw-la recuperatores_fw-la and_o centumviri_n litibus_fw-la judicandis_fw-la arbitri_fw-la who_o they_o call_v simple_o judices_fw-la be_v appoint_v to_o determine_v in_o some_o private_a cause_n of_o no_o great_a consequence_n and_o of_o very_o easy_a decision_n recuperatores_fw-la be_v assign_v to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n about_o receive_v or_o recover_v thing_n which_o have_v be_v lose_v or_o take_v away_o but_o the_o usual_a judge_n in_o private_a cause_n be_v the_o centumviri_n three_o of_o which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o every_o tribe_n so_o that_o their_o number_n be_v five_o more_o than_o their_o name_n import_v it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o arbitri_fw-la and_o recuperatores_fw-la be_v assign_v out_o of_o this_o body_n by_o the_o praetor_n the_o manner_n of_o carry_v on_o the_o private_a suit_n be_v of_o this_o nature_n the_o difference_n fail_v to_o be_v make_v up_o between_o friend_n the_o injure_a person_n proceed_v in_o jus_o reum_fw-la vocare_fw-la to_o summon_v or_o cite_v the_o offend_a party_n to_o the_o court_n who_o be_v oblige_v immediate_o to_o go_v with_o he_o or_o else_o to_o give_v bond_n for_o his_o appearance_n according_a to_o the_o common_a maxim_n in_o jus_o vocatus_fw-la aut_fw-la eat_v aut_fw-la satisdet_fw-la both_o party_n be_v meet_v before_o the_o praetor_n or_o other_o supreme_a magistrate_n preside_v in_o the_o court_n the_o plaintiff_n propose_v the_o action_n to_o the_o defendant_n in_o which_o he_o design_v to_o sue_v he_o this_o they_o term_v edere_fw-la actionem_fw-la be_v perform_v common_o by_o write_v it_o in_o a_o tablet_n and_o offer_v it_o to_o the_o defendant_n that_o he_o may_v see_v whether_o he_o have_v best_o compound_v or_o stand_v the_o suit_n in_o the_o next_o place_n come_v the_o postulatio_fw-la actionis_fw-la or_o the_o plaintiff_n desire_v leave_n of_o the_o praetor_n to_o prosecute_v the_o defendant_n in_o such_o a_o action_n this_o be_v grant_v the_o plaintiff_n vadabatur_fw-la reum_fw-la oblige_v he_o to_o give_v surety_n for_o his_o appearance_n on_o such_o a_o day_n in_o the_o court_n and_o this_o be_v all_o that_o be_v do_v in_o public_a before_o the_o prefix_v day_n for_o the_o trial_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o difference_n use_v very_o often_o to_o be_v make_v up_o either_o transactionc_n or_o pacto_fw-la by_o let_v the_o cause_n fall_v as_o dubious_a and_o uncertain_a or_o by_o composition_n for_o so_o much_o damage_n to_o be_v ascertain_v by_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o friend_n on_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o hear_n the_o praetor_n order_v the_o several_a bill_n to_o be_v read_v and_o the_o party_n to_o be_v summon_v by_o a_o accensus_fw-la or_o beadle_n upon_o the_o default_n of_o either_o party_n the_o defaulter_n lose_v his_o cause_n the_o appear_v of_o both_o they_o term_v se_fw-la stitisse_fw-la and_o then_o the_o plaintiff_n proceed_v litem_fw-la sive_fw-la actionem_fw-la intendere_fw-la to_o prefer_v the_o suit_n which_o be_v perform_v in_o a_o set_a form_n of_o word_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o action_n after_o this_o the_o plaintiff_n desire_v judgement_n of_o the_o praetor_n that_o be_v to_o be_v allow_v a_o judex_n or_o arbiter_n or_o else_o the_o recuperatores_fw-la or_o centumviri_n for_o the_o hear_n and_o decide_v the_o business_n but_o none_o of_o these_o can_v be_v desire_v unless_o both_o party_n agree_v the_o praetor_n when_o he_o assign_v they_o their_o judge_n at_o the_o same_o time_n define_v the_o number_n of_o witness_n to_o hinder_v the_o protract_n of_o the_o suit_n and_o then_o the_o party_n proceed_v to_o give_v caution_n that_o the_o judgement_n whatever_o it_o be_v shall_v stand_v and_o be_v perform_v on_o both_o side_n the_o judge_n always_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o be_v impartial_a and_o the_o party_n swear_v they_o do_v not_o go_v to_o law_n with_o a_o design_n to_o abuse_v one_o another_o this_o they_o call_v juramentum_fw-la calumniae_fw-la then_o begin_v the_o disceptatio_fw-la
causae_fw-la or_o dispute_v the_o case_n manage_v by_o the_o lawyer_n on_o both_o side_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o witness_n write_n and_o the_o like_a the_o use_n of_o which_o be_v so_o admirable_o teach_v in_o their_o book_n of_o oratory_n in_o give_v sentence_n the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o judge_n be_v require_v to_o overthrow_v the_o defendant_n if_o the_o number_n be_v equal_o divide_v the_o defendant_n be_v actual_o clear_v and_o if_o half_o condemn_v he_o in_o one_o sum_n to_o be_v pay_v and_o half_a in_o another_o the_o least_o sum_n always_o stand_v good_a 10._o good_a zâ—uch_o element_n p._n 5._o sect._n 10._o the_o consequence_n of_o the_o sentence_n be_v either_o in_o integrum_fw-la restitutio_fw-la addictio_fw-la judicium_fw-la calumniae_fw-la or_o judicium_fw-la falsi_fw-la the_o first_o be_v when_o upon_o petition_n of_o the_o party_n who_o be_v overthrow_v the_o praetor_n give_v he_o leave_v to_o have_v the_o suit_n come_v on_o again_o and_o allow_v he_o another_o full_a hear_n addictio_fw-la be_v when_o the_o party_n who_o have_v be_v cast_v in_o such_o a_o sum_n unless_o he_o give_v surety_n to_o pay_v it_o in_o a_o little_a time_n be_v bring_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n before_o the_o praetor_n who_o deliver_v he_o into_o his_o disposal_n to_o be_v commit_v to_o prison_n or_o otherwise_o secure_v till_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v judicium_fw-la calumniae_fw-la be_v a_o action_n bring_v against_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o false_a accusation_n judicium_fw-la falsi_fw-la be_v a_o action_n which_o lay_v against_o the_o judge_n for_o corruption_n and_o unjust_a proceed_n chap._n xvii_o of_o public_a judgement_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o public_a judgement_n we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o crime_n of_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o quaesitor_n and_o judge_n of_o the_o method_n of_o proceed_v and_o of_o the_o consequence_n of_o the_o trial_n the_o crime_n or_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o public_a judgement_n be_v such_o action_n as_o tend_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o state_n and_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n as_o if_o any_o person_n have_v derogate_a from_o the_o honour_n and_o majesty_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n have_v imbezzele_v or_o put_v to_o ill_a use_n the_o public_a money_n or_o any_o treasure_n consecrate_v to_o religion_n or_o have_v corrupt_v the_o people_n vote_n in_o a_o election_n or_o have_v extort_a contribution_n from_o the_o ally_n or_o receive_v money_n in_o any_o judgement_n or_o have_v use_v any_o violent_a compulsion_n to_o a_o member_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n these_o they_o term_v crimina_fw-la majestatis_fw-la peculatûs_fw-la ambitûs_o repetundarum_fw-la and_o vis_fw-la publicae_fw-la or_o if_o any_o person_n have_v kill_v another_o with_o a_o weapon_n or_o effect_v the_o same_o with_o poison_n or_o lay_v violent_a hand_n on_o his_o parent_n or_o have_v forge_v a_o will_n or_o counterfeit_v the_o public_a coin_n or_o have_v corrupt_v another_o man_n wife_n or_o have_v buy_v bind_v or_o conceal_v a_o servant_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o master_n whence_o these_o crime_n take_v the_o name_n inter_fw-la sicarios_fw-la veneficii_fw-la parricidii_fw-la falsi_fw-la adulterii_fw-la plagii_fw-la beside_o these_o any_o private_a cause_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o new_a law_n may_v be_v make_v of_o public_a cognizance_n as_o to_o the_o punishment_n they_o may_v be_v allow_v a_o chapter_n by_o themselves_o hereafter_o the_o inquisition_n of_o criminal_a matter_n belong_v at_o first_o to_o the_o king_n and_z after_o the_o abrogation_n of_o that_o government_n for_o some_o time_n to_o the_o consul_n but_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o the_o valerian_n law_n it_o be_v confer_v as_o occasion_n happen_v upon_o officer_n depute_v by_o the_o people_n with_o the_o title_n of_o quaesitores_fw-la parricidii_fw-la but_o about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 604._o this_o power_n be_v make_v perpetual_a and_o appropriate_v to_o the_o 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what_o they_o call_v crimen_fw-la repetundarum_fw-la