capitulation to summon the States Generall and suspecting there might be some desseins against her authoritie she endevour'd to prevent it divers wayes First in the Mandats sent to the Governors of Provinces and Towns for the elections of Deputies there were speciall cautions inserted to choose no factious persons The second means was to defer the convocation of the States Generall till the Kings majority was declar'd that so his authoritie might be the more compleat and absolut whereby he might have a greater power to take into his hands her interests and oppose such resolutions that might prejudice them Lastly whereas the said convocation was appointed first to be at Rheims then at Sens she sent summons abroad that it should be held at Paris where the King was strongest by the residence of his servants the affections of all orders of people and the assistance of the ordinary Court of Parliament which is still there sitting though it was us'd to be ambulatory with the Kings Court. Now the difference which is in France between an Assembly of the three Estates and their Parliaments is that the former hath an analogie both in point of institution power and summons with our Soverain high Court of Parliament in England compos'd of Lords and Commons wherein the King sits as head and it is He alone who opens and shuts it with his breath This being the greatest of all Assemblies treats of matters touching the universall good of the State and the making correcting or repealing of laws and it is the highest Sphere which gives motion to all the rest The Parliaments of France whereof there are eight have not the same latitude of power yet are they Supreme Courts or Sessions of Justice where mens causes and differences are publikly determined in last ressort without any further appeale and any Peer of France by right of inheritance hath a capacitie to sit there The day being assign'd for publishing the Kings Majority the Queen Regent and He with his now sole brother the Duke of Anjou for his brother the Duke of Orleans was lately dead went in a stately solemn maner to the Court of Parliament accompagnied with the prime Prelats and Peers of the Kingdom and amongst them there were fower Cardinalls A contestation happen'd 'twixt the Cardinalls and Peers for precedency because the twelve Peers of France before an Ordinance made by Henry the third preceded any Prince of the bloud at the Coronation and Sacring of the King and the declaration of his Majority was an Act reflecting on that Yet the King inordred the priority for that time to the Cardinalls because they were Princes of the Church universal which made the Peers retire from the Court lest it might serve for a precedent to future Ages The Court being sat and all silenc'd the Queen Regent riss up and said That she prais'd and thank'd God to have afforded her grace to bring up her son to the yeers of his Majority and to maintain his Kingdom in peace the best she could That now he being come to age she transmitted the Government to him exhorting the company there present and all other his subjects to render him that service obedience and fidelity which is due unto him as to their King The Chancelor hereupon pronounced the Arrest of the Court importing a verification of the declaration of his Majesties Majority which was done in a solemn studied Oration This great solemnity did not end so but it was accompagnied with four wholsom Edicts as the first fruits or hansels of his raign 1. The first aym'd at a general concord 'twixt his subjects by strict injunction of observing the Edict of Nantes concerning them of the Religion 2. The second aym'd at a generall obedience prohibiting all ligues confederacy and intelligence with any strange Prince or State under pain of lifs 3. The third against Duells 4. The fourth against Blasphemy and Swearing Thus ended the Regency of Maria de Medici in form though not in effect for she swayed a good while after as Queen Mother in all Counsels the King reposing still his chief confidence in her during her Regency she did many public things which discover'd a pious and Princely soul Amongst others she provided divers Hospitalls in the suburbs of Saint German for the relief of the poor the aged and sick and to set young people at work which will continue there as long as the walls of Paris for monuments of her honour and charity The King having notice that the Deputies of the three States were com he sent the B p. of Paris to warn them in his name to fit themselfs for receiving the grace of God that so a blessing might fall upon their consultations to which purpose three daies fast was enjoyn'd them to prepare them the better for the holy Communion which was also inordred them So according to ancient custom a generall Procession was made wherein divers ranks of Fryars and Hopitalers went before then followed the Deputies of the third Estate who took place according to the rank of the 12. Governments of France and made in number 192. The Nobles followed them in number 132. They of the Clergie went last who made 140. so that in all they came to 464. which number I observe is inferior to that of the English Parliament where the Members of the House of Commons alone which corresponds the Third Estate in France come to neer upon 500. After these the King himself followed on foot accompagnied with the Queen and the Princes and Peeres The next day after all met in Bourbon House hall where the young King told them That having not long since declar'd his Majority he thought fitting to convoque the States Generall of his Kingdom to begin his raign by their good advice and Counsell to receive their complaints and provide for redres accordingly as it should be more amply told them by his Chancelor who took the word therupon This generall overture and Ceremony being ended the States Generall spent some daies to visit one another and to choosing of their three Praesidents or Prolocutors which they presented to the King with protestation of all fidelity and obedience The next day they took the Communion all in one Church going six at a time viz. two of every Order to the holy Table The Munday following they reassembled intending to fall close to work but their proceedings were retarded by some differences which interven'd touching the rank of the 12. Provinces or Governments and this clash kept a great noise till the King interpos'd therin his Authority and by the advice of his Privy Counsel which they submitted unto made this decision marshalling the 12. Governments thus 1. the Isle of France whereon Paris stands 2. Burgundy 3. Normandy 4. Guyen 5. Britany 6. Champany 7. Languedoc 8. Picardy 9. Dauphine 10. Provence 11. Lionnois 12. Orleans This being regulated by the King they fell to the main work and three Propositions were made the first by
of the late wars The French Chroniclers relate that his chiefest arrand was to propound a Match between the Prince of Wales now King of England and the Lady Christina second daughter to Henry the Great but they are much mistaken for the said Ambassador might happily have instructions to look upon and view the said Lady but for any overture of mariage much lesse any proposition there was none the intents of England ayming then more southward and there was matter enough for an Ambassador extraordinary besides at that time The King the two Queens and the whole Court being now settled at Paris the discontented Princes repair'd also thither but Conde being newly recovered of a dangerous sicknes which some took as a judgement upon him lagg'd behind and excus'd his coming till all the Articles of the late Treaty were perform'd whereunto the King may be said to be no lesse then compell'd being among other ties forc'd to revoke part of the solemn Oth he took at his Coronation that therby they of the Religion might rest contented At last Conde came and was entred into a perfect redintegration of grace and favor at Court with the rest of his Confederats So after such turbid times there was an intervall of faire weather but the Ayer was suddenly ore ' cast again with clowds and the chief Meteor whence they sprung was the power and privacy of the Marshall of Ancre at Court The Queen Mother had advice of certain clandestine meetings and secret consultations held to alter the Government and to demolish Ancre hereupon Themines who receiv'd the Truncheon to be Marshall the same day apprehended the Prince of Conde in the Louure and carried him thence to prison the report hereof startled divers others and old Bovillon being then at a Sermon in Charenton durst not come back to look upon the Bastile so he with the Dukes of Mayn Nevers Guyse and divers other retir'd and arm'd under pretence of reforming of abuses in the State and for the public good Poore France how often hath privat interest of some aspiring spirits bin term'd in thee by the specious name of Public good How often have thy discontented Grandees ground the faces of thy innocent peasants How often hast thou turn'd the sword into thine own bowels and swomm in the blood of thine own children How often have thy Towns bin turn'd to Hospitals thy fields to desarts under the gilded pretext of Reformation The arrest of Conde alarm'd all France and a politic rumour was spread in Paris that the Marshall of Ancre had murther'd him in the Louure though he was then at Amiens 100. miles off This made the Beast with many heads run furiously to his House in the suburbs of Saint German which they sack'd and plunder'd most pitifully they unplank'd his roomes grub'd up his trees and committed divers barbarismes besides The King caus'd a Declaration to be publish'd full of vigorous expressions tending to this purpose Lewis by the grace of God King of France and Navarr to all who shall see these present Letters greeting It is with incredible regret which pierceth Our very heart that We must so often employ Our Authority to represse the mischievous desseins of them who seek the raising of their fortunes in the ruines of Our Estates and in the prodigious cruelty of civill wars take an unbridled libertie to doe what law and reason forbids And We are the more sensible hereof because the remedies We must use for the safety of our Person and the welfare of this Kingdom must diffame our own blood and render it culpable of impiety both against Us who are in place of a Father to our subjects as also against their own Countrey which is reverenc'd as a Mother by all people though never so barbarous So he goes on to relate the Treaty at Lodun and the last Pacification which had cost him twenty millions of Liures and what grace he had done to Conde and his Complices Yet the exces of Our grace and favor hath not bin able to represse the disordinat wills of them who find no rest but in trouble and ground their hopes upon Our destruction for before and after the return of Our Cousin the Prince of Conde to Paris there have bin Nocturnall Assemblies held in Saint Martin and other places with consultations to debauch and abuse the people and undermine those who have Martiall Offices under us and to excite them to commotion Curats and Preachers have bin tampered withall to vent scandalous Doctrin and meanes were consulted on to seize upon Our Royall Person and our most honored Mother and to Cantonize France under the specious vayle of reforming the State All which hath bin told us by some of the best of Our subjects who were present at some of their consultations and close meetings And We were also advis'd by forren Ambassadors to have a care of our self c. This was the substance of the Kings Declaration but all would not do to contain the Princes within the bounds of obedience many of them had retir'd to Picardy and seiz'd upon divers places which they fortified apace A little after the Prince of Conde was clap'd up the Duke of Vendosm was seiz'd on but he scap'd by a wile The Chancelor and Secretaries of State with other Officers were chang'd And in this hurly burly the young Bishop of Lucon afterwards Cardinal of Richelieu having bin design'd for Ambassador to Spain was made principall Secretary of State The Marshal of Ancre notwithstanding that he had understood how he was hated in Paris and that his House was so plunder'd in a popular furie yet was he nothing daunted but comes boldly to Court and presently three Armies were rais'd and appointed to represse the Mutiners One under the Duke of Guyse who was charm'd to come in by the Queen Mother The second under Marshall Montigny and the third under the Count of Auvergne who was freed from his 11. yeers close imprisonment in the Bastile for that purpose and had already besieg'd the Duke of Mayne at Soissons and much straitned him While this huge storme was dropping pitifully upon poor France there were secret consultations held by some in the Louure how to hurle Him into the Sea who was the cause of the tempest which was cryed up to be the foresaid Ancre He knew too well how he was malign'd in Court and Countrey and the young Kings affection towards him began now to brandle and all this was by the suggestions of Luynes who was one of the greatest Confidentst the King had having bin his servant from his childhood and was vers'd in his genius more then any Ancre had practis'd to remove him from the Kings Person with some others whom he suspected to do him ill offices Besides this fewd 'twixt the King and Princes there was another petty war then a foot betwixt the Duke of Espernon and the Rochellers the ground whereof was that they would not
the States Generall which is next the Clergie and for delivering of Opinions the King inordred that in matters concerning the Church the Clergie should vote first in matters of War the Nobles in matters of Law the Officers of Justice in matters of the Revenue of the Crown the Exchequer men and Financiers In this Assembly were agitated and concluded many wholsome things First 1. That the Secret affairs of State be communicated to few and those of known probity and prudence for fear of discovery 2. That the expence of the Kings House and the salary of Military men be regulated 3. That Pensions be retrench'd 4. That a course be taken to regulat gifts and rewards which are to be made in silver 5. That it be illegal to sell any Offices in the Kings House in War or Government 6. That reversion of Offices and Benefices be restrain'd because it gives occasion to attempt upon the life 's of the living Incumbents and takes away the Kings Liberty to advance persons of merit taking also from the persons themselfs the encouragement of doing better by hope of advancement 7. That the Annuel right be suppress'd 8. That the venality of Offices be prohibited 9. That small wrangling Courts and the number of Pettifoggers be retrench'd and that all causes be brought to the Soverain Courts These in grosse were the Results of this Assembly which proceeded with a great deal of harmony the King himself was present most of the time and in his absence Monsieur presided There pass'd also a Law to permit the Jesuits to open their Colledg of Clermont in Paris and to endoctrinat young youth in the Sciences But the Universitie of Paris to make this Edict illusory made two Decrees by the first it was ordred that none should be admitted to the course of Theologie unlesse he have studied three yeers under the public Professors of the Faculty of Theologie in Sorbon and that he be put to his oath not to have studied in any other Colledg The second was A prohibition to all Principals of Colledges for admitting any but those that go to the Lectures of the Professors of the said Universitie and that none shall enjoy the Priviledges of Scholarity if he studieth not under those Professors An indifferent moderat man said that there was no way to end this quarrell but that the Jesuits might be united to the body of the Universitie and so submit themselfs entirely to their Laws and Ordinances We will conclude this lustre with a horrible fire that hapned in the Citie of Paris in the chief Palace of Iustice it rag'd most in the great Hall where the Lawyers and Counsellors use to meet where also the Statues of the Kings of France are set up and are rank'd according to the times of their raign in excellent Sculpture all which were utterly reduc'd to cendres with the Table of Marble about which the Judges were us'd to sit The cause of this fire is to this day unknown but it might be very well interpreted to be a visible judgment from heaven upon that place and Palace for the hard measure of Justice the Marshall of Ancre and his Lady had received a little before Which makes me call to mind a Latin verse I have read upon a Stat-House in Delph in Holland which had bin burnt in like maner and reedified not one other house about it receiving any hurt Cive quid invito proh sola redarguit usta Haec Domus illaesis aliis Discite Iustitiam moniti non temnere Divos An end of the second Lustre The third Lustre of the Raign of Lewis the thirteenth VVE ended the last Lustre with the end of the old Palace of Justice in Paris by an unknown furious fire which made the disaster more horrid We will begin this with bone-fires of joy for the Mariage of the Lady Christina second daughter of Henry the Great to the Prince of Piedmont who came in Person to Paris to do his own busines he comported himself with that addresse that politenes that bravery of spirit accompagnied with such gentlenes that he gain'd much upon the French Nation The busines was not long a finishing for Henry the Great was well pleas'd with an ouverture that had bin made formerly by the said Prince for the Eldest daughter who was maried to Spain She had for her Dower 1200. thousand French liures which comes to one hundred and twenty thousand pound sterling besides the rich jewels she caried with her The Queen Mother was all this while at Blois and som ombrages of distrust hung 'twixt the King and her for the Bishop of Lucon being by command removed from her Mounsieur Roissy was sent expresly by the King to attend her whom the Queen took to be no other then a kind of Spy to watch over her actions nor was she invited to the marriage of her daughter which was solemniz'd at Paris and with this mariage it seems the King did consummat his own by bedding with the Queen his wife which he had not done since he had maried her at Burdeaux almost four yeers before where he lay with her only two hours and though this was done for fear it should hinder his growth and enervat his strength yet there were some whispers that it was done with an intent to be divorc'd from her and Luynes was blamed for it Hereupon he finding the King one night inclinable took him out of his bed in his armes and casting his night-gown over him he carried him to the Queens bed The Nuncio and Spanish Ambassador were so joy'd at this that they presently dispatch'd expresses to carry the news and bonefiers were made thereupon both in Rome and Madrid for there were some surmises abroad that so long a separation from bed would turn in time to an aversion which might draw after it a repudiation and so a divorce While the King was thus confirming his own and celebrating his sisters Nuptialls in Paris there were tydings brought that his Mother got out of Blois Castle and was convey'd away secretly in the night through a window which was towards the moate where she glided down a good height upon a counter scarp and so made an escape The King had sent Father Arnoul the director of his conscience a little before under colour of complement to visit her but the design was to draw from her a solemn oath that she would not come to the Kings Court without his preadvertisement and approbation which oath she took upon the Evangelists He sent her also word that he and the Prince of Piemont now her son in law would come to visit her but she knew well enough how matters were carried at Court and so she gave little credit to those endearments fearing there was too strong a drug under the pill Her escape was trac'd by Espernon the little Gascon Duke who had bin from the beginning a great servant of Ladies there had bin divers clashings and counterbuffs
at Sea might be dissipated without the employment of any Fleet Royall Finally that there hath bin a necessity to arme thus because there is no hope of accommodation otherwise the contrary will be most manifest to him who will consider the researches which have bin made at severall times as well by their own Ministers as by the Ministers of other Princes to the King my Master to treat of accommodating things at their instigation It appears by all this that the King my Master hath not bin forc'd to arme for any particular interest but only for the defence of the Churches for the security and freedom whereof he stood responsible Yet there are some who dare amuse the world that his Majesty hath a particular dessein in it and that he useth Religion for a pretext to gain a party by means whereof and by which conjunction he hopes to push on his purposes to the end at which they ayme No no our Religion teacheth us otherwise and the King my Master's piety wherein he gives place to no man living will never permit him His desscin is the establishment of the Churches his interest is their good and his ayme their contentment That being done these Drums beating these Ensignes displayed shall be folded up again And all this noyse of War shall be buried in night and silence which would never have bin but for their cause Given aboard of our Admiral this Wensday the 21. of Iuly 1627. Buckingham A good while before this Fleet was under sayle the French Cardinal by some pensionary Spies he had in the English Court had advertisement of the dessein therefore there was a Remonstrance sent from the King to his Town of Rochell to this effect That they were French and that the English were proud and insupportable that having vain pretentions upon this Kingdom if they took any place it was to reduce it to slavery That their Ancestors being acquainted with the nature of the English chose rather to lose half their goods then to be under their domination upon the accord made for the delivery of King John when he was prisoner in England That his Majesty had given proofs of the effects of his clemency so often and with so much favor that his grace seem'd to be above their crimes for their Religion if they thought to cast it upon the account he left them the free exercise of it touching Lewis Fort which seem'd to give some ombrage to their Town he assur'd them that continuing within the bounds of their obedience there should be a cours taken for their contentment but if it should come into the hands of the English doubtlesse they would turn it to a Cittadell to settle therein their tyranny That the present occasion was of that high importance that it might entirely and eternally gain them the affections of their King by their fidelity or that they might thereby offend him so sensibly that they might render themselfs incapable of grace ever after if they departed from their loyalty whereunto they were oblig'd as subjects towards their naturall Prince and as Frenchmen against a strange Nation and an ancient enemy of France By the Duke of Buckinghams Manifesto it appears the King of Great Britain had divers grounds of War against France first that his Merchants were so abus'd their ships seiz'd on and their goods taken away secondly that the French King grew so strong in ships which in former times was us'd to be a sufficient motif for War of it self and lastly that Articles were not perform'd of the peace which was made with them of the Religion wherein England was engag'd His Majesty of Great Britain waves the first two and layes hold of the last whereby the French Reformists had just cause to abet him in the quarrell it being more theirs then his Though there were reports blaz'd abroad of other odd motifs Howsoever the Policy of England was tax'd though her courage admir'd abroad to engolf her self into a War with France when she had another great neighbour King already on her back in actual hostility This Fleet gave a mighty alarme to France which made the King to send the Duke of Angoulesme before Rochell with three thousand foot and five hundred horse The King following a few dayes after fell sick upon the way and Monsieur was in mourning for his wife who died in Child-bed of a daughter The Duke of Angoulesms Quarter-masters when they came to take lodgings for the billeting of the Army in the small villages about Rochell took so much roome as would have serv'd an Army thrice as great and this was done of purpose for the report thereof being blown to Rochell and so to the English Fleet the Duke upon Soubize's advice cast anchor at the Isle of Ré whereas his first intention was for Lewis fort upon the Continent which dessein was diverted upon the false report of the greatnes of Angoulesms Army There were hardly 1200. English landed upon the Island of Ré but 1000. French foot and 200. choice horse who had layn invisible in a bottom all the while appear'd and charg'd them furiously the French horse did wonderful bravely and the English foot no lesse who having scarce step'd ashore were set upon and divers driven into the Sea and drown'd but by the brave example of their Commanders they resum'd courage and kill'd above one hundred and fifty of the enemies Cavalry put their foot to flight and remaind Masters of the field there was good pillage found among the French horsemen that fell divers of them being persons of quality and young spirits which being stripp'd many had their Mistesses favors tied about their genitories At this first act of invasion the English loss'd some hundreds of men amongst others Blaneart Monsieur Soubize companion who had bin one of the chief tracers of this voyage in the English Court was slain upon the sands and Sir Iohn Heyden was kill'd too who had afterwards honourable buriall The next day the English horse landed and so they began to intrench The chiefest Fort in the Island was Saint Martin where Monsieur Toiras a choice man had bin many dayes before he sent the next day in a bravado a Page and a Trumpet to tell the Duke he meant to give him a breakfast the Page had twenty peeces and the Trumpet five given him If the Duke had gon presently in pursuance of his victory for that breakfast toward Saint Martin he might in all probability have taken the Fort but he stayed divers dayes neer the Sea side and in the interim Toiras had time to fortifie and the cause he stay'd his march further was that Soubize Sir Will Beecher had gon to Rochell for more ayd which the Duke expected but the Rocheller gave them little countenance letting them in at the Postern gate Toiras after the first sent a second Trumpet to the Duke for burying the dead offering a thousand pounds for his brothers body and others
for them yet they deserve to have Laurels upon their heads and Palmes of victory in their hands to all posterity Crescet occulto velut Arbor aevo Nomen Armandi Ludovicus ingens Stella fulgebit velut inter Ignes Luna minores FINIS An Alphabeticall Table of such matters that are the principall Ingredients of this Story A ANne of Austria affianc'd to Lewis the Thirteenth of France 13 Her dowry 13 Her joynture 14 Her Letter to the King of France 31 Made Regent of France 135 Anagrams on Henry the Great 5 Analogy 'twixt the Dauphin of France and the Duke of Cornwall 2 Advantage of a little well compacted body over a great 151 M. of Ancre's entrance into favour 16 He is slain by Vitry 37 Sentenc'd after death 38 His body untomb'd dragg'd up and down hang'd hack'd to peeces and burnt 38 A censure of him 38 Antipathy 'twixt the Spaniard and French 32 Five French Ambassadors in Italy in one yeer 34 Assembly of the three Estates meet at the Kings majority 23 Assembly of Notables first convok'd 40 All the Alliances that have pass'd 'twixt England and France 67 The D. of Angoulesme before Rochell and his stratagem to deceive the English 8 Marq Ambrosio Spinola's exploits in Italy a clash 'twixt him and Olivares 92 Governor of Milan and besiegeth Casal 93 His Epitaph 95 Archduchesse Isabella dieth at Brussels 106 Articles upon the mariage 'twixt England and France 64 Articles 'twixt the Swed and the French 99 Articles t'wixt the French and the Hollander upon the breach with Spain 109 Clandestine articles twixt the Duke of Rohan and the Spaniard 87 Articles 'twixt the French King and Charles Duke of Lorain 101 Articles 'twixt the King of France and Monsieur his brother 104 Articles 'twixt the French and Catalans 128 The Authours caution to the Reader 6 Armes how ill they become Church-men in the Proem B Bassompierre Ambassador in England 76 Battaile of Norlinghen 108 Bernard Weymar takes Rhinfeild 118 Brisac 125 His Epitaph 126 Becanus book De potestate Regis et Papae condemn'd at Rome 16 Birth and baptisme of Lewis the Thirteenth 1 Birth of the now Duke of Anjou 133 Blasphemous praises of the Cardinal of Richelieu in the Proem Duke of Bovillon invites the Pr of Condé to arme by a notable speech 17 M. de Bois Dauphin General for the King 29 Breda repris'd by the Hollander 116 Breme taken by the Spaniard 119 Duke of Buckingham sent to France to demand and conduct her now Majesty to England 67 The Duke of Buckinghams Manifesto after he had invaded France 77 The causes of the breach 80 The manner of his landing 82 His Letter to Toiras and the answer he receivd 83 His infortunat retreat prisoners taken and releas'd for her Majesties sake 84 The Duke of Buckinghams omissions in the Isle of Ré the causer of them 84 C Cardinals made Generalls 183 Catalonia falls from the Spaniard and the causes why 128 Pr Casimir taken prisoner in France 128 Character of Henry the Great 5 The Chamber of Accounts refuse to verifie the Kings Letter 29 Cadenet Ambassadour in England 56 The Chymericall Ambassadors 169 Christina the second daughter of Henry the Great maried to the Prince of Piemont her portion 42 The D. of Cheureux marieth the Lady Henrietta Maria to the King of England 66 Clergy men most dangerous if misapplied 128 A Clash 'twixt the Duke and the Parlement of Paris 27 A Clash 'twixt the Counsel of State and the Parlement with the Parlements submission 28 Condé and his Adhaerents proclaym'd Traytors 29 His clandestine consults in Paris apprehended in the Louure 35 Prince of Condé distasts the match with Spain 14 Puts himself in Arms to hinder the Queens entrance 28 A great Contention 'twixt the Church men in Paris 11 Contentions in the Generall Assembly of the three Estates 23 The Close and funerall of it 26 Cotton the Iesuit vindicats his Society 9 Count of Auvergne eleven yeers prisoner in the Bastile 37 Count of Chalais beheaded 74 D. of Crequies splendid Ambassage to Rome 106 Kil'd before Breme 119 His Epitaph 120 D Dauphin whence deriv'd 2 The Dauphin now king born 124 Decree of the Colledge of Sorbon against Francis Cupif 117 A Declaration sent to Rochell wherein the English are branded 79 Difference 'twixt the Germans and French at Brisac 127 Difference 'twixt Conde and Soissons about the Napkin 46 Difference 'twixt forren Princes and the Kings base sons 91 Disadvantagious to live 'twixt two potent neighbours exemplified in the Dukes of Savoy and Lorain 93. 101 Dismission of the French from the Queen of Englands service 75 The reasons why 76 Divers odd desseins fear'd in France 73 Distinction 'twixt liberty and priviledge 24 Dionysius his flatterers in the Proem A Discourse upon judiciary Astrology 15 Prince Doria taken prisoner by the French 94 Duke of Mains stately Ambassy to Spain about an alliance 13 Duke of Pastrana in France 14 E How Edward the Confessor us'd an Astrologer 15 Ecclesiasticus a scandalous book writ by Schioppius 16 Divers Errours of the French Chroniclers reflecting upon England 76 Duke of Espernon questions the Rochellers 38 He clasheth with the Court of Parlement 26 A pleasant passage 'twixt him and the Archbishop of Bourdeaux 123 He traceth the Queen Mothers escape out of Blois 43 He is outed of his Government and dieth a little after 123 Emanuel Duke of Savoy his exploits in Italy 71 He highly complains of the King of France whence arise some traverses 'twixt him and Monsieur Bullion the French Ambassador 72 His death prophecied 94 Epitaph upon Marshall Crequy 120 Epitaph upon Marq. Spinola 95 Epitaph upon Saxen Weymar 126 Epitaphs upon Cardinal de Richelieu 178 An Ethiopian Prince Zaga Christos arriv'd in Paris 120 Edicts against duels blasphemy 22 F Master Fairfax put to the torture before Montauban 58 The Falshood of some French Annalists in divers things and their stupidity in relating names 76 The Duke of Fereaincens'd against the Duke of Savoy 97 A fearfull unknown Fire in the Palace of Paris 42 Another when the two bridges were burnt 57 Ferrier a reformed Minister turnd Roman Catholic 14 Five French armies in motion in one sommer 111 Florimond de Puy a Reformed Gentleman beheaded for treason 11 Fontarabia besieg'd by the French 122 Don Fernando the King of Spains youngest brother dieth at Brussells 131 A strange libell touching him and his brother Don Carlos 132. The French soon weary of peace 3 French beaten before Theonville 126 G Master George Digby cutts Scioppius on the face for defaming King James 16 Don Gonsalez de Cordova refuseth the King of France his present 103 Gasper Galilei Galileo racants his opinion in Rome for holding the Sun to rest and the earth to move 107 His punishment ibid. Galigay the Marchiones of Ancre's death and Roman stoutnesse 20 Grievances discover'd and not redres'd do the body politic harm 27 D. of Guyse marieth the
LUSTRA LUDOVICI OR THE Life of the late Victorious King of FRANCE LEWIS the XIII And of his CARDINALL de Richelieu DIVIDED INTO SEVEN LUSTRES Consilium Armorum Cardo By IAMES HOWELL Esq. LONDON Printed for Humphrey Moseley and are to be sold at his shop at the Prince's Arms in S. Pauls Church-yard 1646. TO THE GROVVING GLORY OF GREAT BRITAIN The hopes of our Crown and the crown of our Hopes Prince Charles At his Court in Caesaria by vulgar contraction called IERSEY SIR I Present your Highnes with the Life of your Royal Oncle of France A successfull and triumphant King both at home and abroad throughout the whole course of his Raign and that in so constant a degree as if Fortune herself had bin his Companion and Victory his Handmayd They attended Him o're the Alps They usher'd Him o're the Pyreneys They were his Harbingers o're the Rhine and they brought his horses to drink of the Danube They were his Pilots at Sea and they fill'd his sayles upon the Ocean where he was incomparably more powerfull then all his Progenitors Nor would I adventure to expose thus to the present world and transmit to future Ages the Raign of a For rein King had not I bin Spectator of divers of his exploits and had occasion also to make my addresse to his Cardinal for the rest I have labour'd to gather as faithfull instructions and authentic notes as I could and those not upon loose trust or from light persons The Relations which are the ingredients of this Story were not taken at the Porters lodge but above staires and most of them from the Counsell Table and Courts of Parliament This Victorious King began to bear Arms and wear buff about the same yeers that your Highnes did for before he was thirteen He suppress'd in person two Insurrections in Poitou and Britany He quell'd divers more which at last turn'd to his advantage as we find great trees growing towards their full consistence corroborat and take firmer rooting being shaken with tempests by the resistance they make So by debelling so many civill commotions he came to finde his own strength the more and to be fear'd as well as belov'd of his Subjects and a mixture of these two passions make an excellent government For though the strongest Cittadel of a King be his Peoples love and their hearts his best Exchequer yet it is observ'd that Love without Feare commonly turns to Scorn and Fear without Love turns into Hatred In the perusall of this Royal Story if Your Highnes please to observe the circumstances and grounds of some intestin broyles You shall find that divers of them have a neer analogie with these of England for many grew from discontents that the great Convention of the three Estates was discontinued and that France adhaer'd to Spanish Counsels with other resemblances besides Of these and other kind of commotions there happen'd above ten in this Kings Raign Nor is it any news to hear that France hath such fits of distemper or indeed any Countrey else that labours with superfluous humors I mean that swels with exces of people and plentie for as the Natural body when it is too repleat must have some vent just so the Political must have some Evacuations at home or abroad when it is too full and t' will thrive the better upon 't afterward If we cast our eyes upon the great world we shall find restlesse motions reluctations and combatings between the Elements yet we cannot call this any incongruitie or disorder in the frame of things but it tends to the conservation of the whole and may be said to keep Nature herself in action and health That the Earth trembleth the Sea tumbleth that the Aire is alwayes in agitation that 't is rent with thunder coruscations and other Meteorological impressions that all the Elements are in an incessant feud it is for the Vniversal good and to keep things vigorous and fresh So in Man who is the microcosm the little world and made up of elements there be passions and humors which are in perpetuall reluctance within him and so break out into tumults preliations and war And where this war is well grounded 't is wholsom and the victories that are acquir'd thereby are Decreta Caeli the Decrees of Heaven but in an ill grounded war they are no other then Faelicia Scelera fortunat villanies Moreover to transcend the Elements if we mark the course of the heavenly bodies themselfs there are crosse motions amongst them they are in perpetuall revolutions and circumgyrations nay there are branlings and trepidations amongst them which yet the wisest of Philosophers held to be no other then an harmonious sound and sweet regular symphony And as the gran Vnivers runs thus alwayes round and carryeth all bodies after it So Man who is part or rather the Epitome thereof specially in reference to his actions may be said to dance in a circle For there is not any thing now acted but may be parallell'd and exemplified by some Age or other Therefore among other excellent fruits of Story this is none of the least to put one off from wondring at any thing because he meets with precedents and patterns of all sorts in former times He that wil observe how some of the great Roman Emperors were content to live in Capreae a petty Island how the Princes of Italy fled to the Lakes of Venice for safetie how some of our Kings to the Isle of Man how Charles the seventh had no other town to keep his Court in but Bourges in Berry one of the smallest Provinces in all France which made him call'd a good while King of Berry with a world of such examples will nothing wonder that your Highnes keeps his Court now at Iersey Nor is this present Story a plain down-right confus'd narration of things for to compile such a work is as easie as to make fagots or to trusse up a bundle of straw but besides other observations and excursions that which the Author chiefly aymes at is to make the method of providence in dispensing judgements and to make a research of the causes of them de longue main for they seldom come immediatly one upon another but many yeers and sometimes a whole age intervenes between the judgement and the cause Furthermore I have bin carefull in this Story to vindicat England touching the circumstance of some traverses of State and War twixt Her and France during this Kings Raign which are misreported by the French Chroniclers there will be other censures found here besides but this I have done as he that kill'd the Serpent upon the childs head without touching his body It remains that I implore your Highne's pardon not for the subject of this work because 't is rich and royal but for the forme thereof if it be not found adaequat to the height of the matter according to the desires and endeavours of Your Highne's most obedient most loyal and
the aire That the House where he was borne in Angoulesme should be raz'd to the ground and that none presume to build upon that piece of earth That within fifteene daies after the publication of this sentence his father and mother should quit the kingdome and never return that his brothers sisters uncles and others should never afterwards beare the name of Ravaillac under paine of being hang'd and strangled This dismall sentence was executed to the very height of torture and extended to the utmost length of time affection of sense and possibilitie of nature for there were waies invented to keepe him from syncops and fits of swounding Before at the beginning and in the midst of all his torments there could be no other confession extorted out of him though he was sifted with all the sagacitie that could be but that the motives which impell'd him to such a desperate attempt were certaine revelations that he saied he had had which he afterwards call'd tentations And that he thought he should do a work acceptable to God to take away a King that was a Favourer of Heretiques who went about by the armie he had then afoote to perturbe the peace of the Catholike church and make warre against the Pope The people in generall did love the deceased King so passionately that nothing but imprecations and curses could be heard ecchoing from them so that none did pray with him when he was upon the scaffold for the salvation of his soule and for his body when it was torne by the horses happie was he that could get any piece of it so that he was burnt in more then twenty places up and downe the Citie in severall fires so Nemesis had her glut Ravaillac being thus extinguish'd and as it were annihilated the next care of the Queene was to give rites of buriall adaequate to so glorious a King His heart the Iesuites had for he had promis'd them to be depositaries and guardiens of it in his life time notwithstanding that one of their Societie had once attempted to murther him so in extraordinarie pomp his heart was carried to la Flecle and his bodie to Saint Denis And Henry the third who had layn all the while at Compeigne was sent for to beare him companie so that as they had the like destinie in their death so they came to take their last lodgings the same time in Saint Denis whither they say no French King went with his good will The latter of the two whom we will call hereafter Henry the great that title being entayl'd upon him by the universall suffrage of all was condol'd with farre more regret then the former and divers to this houre weare a constant anniversarie mourning for him that day he was kill'd Amongst others her Majestie of great Britain continueth it who was then a cradle-infant and Barberino at that time Nuncio in France and after created Pope by the name of Vrban the eighth comming to congratulate her birth and finding that the Queen mother had bin better pleas'd if she had borne a male He told her Madame I hope to see this though your youngest daughter a great Queene before I die the Queene answer'd And I hope to see you Pope both which prophetick complements prov'd true and within a short time one of another A litle after Ravaillac was burn'd also the great Spanish Jesuit Mariana I mean his Book de Rege Regis institutione wherin he holds that a Tyrant or Hereticall Prince may be made away by violent meanes Moreover by the same arrest of Parliament the Colledg of Sorbon was commanded to publish their ancient Decree passed by one hundred fortie one Doctors of the sacred Faculty of Theology in the yeer 1413. which was confirm'd two yeers after by the famous Counsell of Constance viz That it is not lawfull to any for what cause whatsoever to attempt any thing upon the sacred persons of Kings and Soverain Princes Which doctrin and solemn Decree was then published to quell and confound that execrable position which was than dogmatiz'd and broach'd up and down viz That a Tyrant whosoever he be may and ought to be lawfully and meritoriously kill'd by his own vassall or subject whosoever he be and by that any means whatsoever principally by secret ambushes treasons flatteries or other such wayes notwithstanding any faith or oth whereby the subject is oblig'd to such a Tyrant c. Which tenet being then pronounced pernicious and hereticall impious and diabolical by the said Colledg and Counsell was now also by 150 choice Theoloques of the said Family adjudg'd to be an error against the holy Catholic faith and the fundamentalls of morality opening a gap to rebellion and atheisme to a violation of all bonds of humane obedience and government and tended to bring confusion and a Hell upon Earth The Iesuits were murmur'd at as Fautors of the foresaid opinion of Mariana whereupon Cotton then Preacher to the King publish'd a declaratory letter to vindicat their Society and shew their conformity of Doctrin to the foresaid Decree of the Counsell of Constance in which letter he protested in the name of the rest that that opinion of Mariana was a particular fancy of his own and so to be restrain'd to his person only That it is so disapprov'd and exploded by their Society that some of them have compil'd and expos'd to the open world sundry Treatises in confutation of it and condem'd it in two Provinciall Congregations held in Paris and Lion in the yeer 1606. where their Reverend General Claudius Aquariva was present and there the Soverain puissance and authority of Kings was acknowledg'd and in temporal matters to hold soly of God himself The substance of Father Cottons declatory Letter tended all to this effect though it gave not so full a satisfaction to all men This was that Cotton who was so much favor'd by Henry the Great which gave him occasion to Answer certain Deputies of Rochel upon a petition they once presented unto him That he could not hear them then for his eares were stopp'd with Cotton whereupon was made this Epigram of Him Quand le Roy fait ses pas Pere Cotton l'accompagne Mais le bon Prince ne scait pas Que le fin Cotton vient d'Espagne Thus English'd When the King abroad doth walk Father Cotton finds him talk But the good Prince doth not attain That the fine Cotton com's from Spain The formidable Army which Henry the great had rais'd was now disbanded by command and only 12000. kept still a foot in Champagny which were reserv'd to assist the German Princes who were then in motion of armes upon this occasion William Duke of Iuillers and Cleves being dead without Heir male the right of succession was debated by other Princes his allies but the Emperour alledging that the Duchy of Iuillers was a fief moving of the Empire invested Leopold his Cousin german in the possession of it who
of Indexes untill it be corrected and the correction approv'd according to the rules of the Index In the said Decree the word respectively some imagined to be inserted of purpose as an evasion to shew that the Jesuits do not absolutely condemn the doctrin of Becanus but only as it invades the Prerogatives of the French Crown They of the Religion as I told you before suspected some ill consequences of the crosse Match with Spain and feared it would prove crosse to them in time Moreover the Princes of the bloud and others repin'd at the power of D' Ancre whereupon the Duke of Bovillon prime Marshall of France and prime Machinator of this tumult came to visite the Prince of Conde and made a solemn studied speech unto him as followeth My Lord it would be impudence in me to represent unto you the deplorable estate of France whereof you have more knowledge then I or to touch the arrogance of Conchiny which you must needs daily resent or to make his power suspected which is the next dore to tyranny or to exhort you to oppose his pernicious desseins The consideration of your own safety with that of France is enough to rouze up your generous thoughts and to administer Counsell to you who are the most judicious Prince of Europe Moreover in such a manifest and urgent affair as this ther 's no need of Remonstrance consultation or exhortation but to apply some sudden and actuall remedy Therefore I addresse my self now to your Excellence not onely to offer you my means but my person as also 100000. men who would esteem themselves happy to serve you and will hold it a glory to employ their bloud to the last drop under your conduct for the good of the State and your just defence against this Faquin Florentin this Florentine porter who plots the ruin of all those Princes and Peers of the Kingdom who would oreshadow his advancement and hinder to establish his tyranny The difference of Religion which we professe ought not to empeach a strong and solid union between us in the conjuncture of so common a danger considering that while we endeavour our own safety we secure the State generall and incolumity of our Countrey which are conditions inseparable from the Kings service whose Sacred Person is not safe enough under the irregular ambition of a stranger which his Majesty himself begins now to perceive and seeing his liberty engag'd fears the ambition of this tyrant and will find himself oblig'd to those that can rid him of him My Lord you are well assur'd that the greatest part of the Princes finding themselfs involv'd in the same interest with you are touch'd with the same resentments and dispos'd to joyn with your Excellence in a project as glorious as necessary For doubtles the Gentry of France in whom consist the sinews of our armies being naturally averse to the commandements of a stranger will run unto you from all parts to assist you with their armes Touching the Towns you need not doubt but a good part of them which are under the Government of the Princes will declare themselfs for you And I give you certain assurance that They of the Religion which are the strongest and best provided with soldiers artillery ammunition and victualls of any other will declare themselfs for your party as soon as you shall publish your laudable intentions by some Manifesto It concerns your Excellence therefore my Lord to take hold of Time by the foretop for the restauration and safetie of the State in generall and your own in particular and of all the Princes and Gentry of the Kingdom But if you let Occasion escape you know that she is bald behind and you shall never be able to catch her again Besides the Armies which you might justly raise now during the Kings minority and by reason the government is usurped by an Alien who hath not so much as the quality of a Gentleman wold be hereafter felony and treason under the majority and liberty of our lawfull Monark The Prince was a subject fit to be wrought upon and ready to receive any print for he could not brook the exorbitant power of D' Ancre therefore having assurance that the Dukes of Nevers Main Longueville Luxemburg and the said Bovillon would follow him he retires to Mezieres upon the frontire of Champany he made choice of that place because it was his Patrimony and that he might have a sure Rendevous of Sedan if need required The Duke of Vendosme thinking to retire to Britany was arrested in the Louure but he got loose by a trick and the Chevalier his brother was sent to Malta The foresaid male-contented Princes recruted dayly in Champany But had the young King got a horsback and pursued them presently though with a petty Army the Countrey wold have riss with him and so he had prevented their encrease and driven them in all probabilitie to Sedan where he might have kept them in exile with a small Army on the frontires And his Counsell was much tax'd for not advising him so But in lieu of arms he sent Ambassadors and Epistles after them to perswade their return or if they refused to amuse them till he might raise forces sufficient to encounter them to which end he sent to Swisserland for 6000. men but Bovillon by his artifice hinder'd that design from taking its full effect Thus a fearfull storme was like to fall on France for the male-contents dispers'd themselfs to divers strong holds Longuevill went to Picardy Main to Soissons Bovillon to Sedan and Vendosme was as busie as any other to raise the Countrey in Britain Conde continued still at Mezieres nor could any Letter from King or Queen Regent sent by the Duke of Ventadour reduce him He writ to the Queen That the ill government which he imputed not to Her but to ill Counsellors were the cause of his retirement who because they might have the sole direction of things hindred the convocation of the States generall which were used to assemble always in the Kings minority he complain'd that the mariages with Spain were precipitated that the authority of the Parliament was diminished the Church-men trampled upon the Nobles undervalued the people laden with gabells and tallies divisions sowed in Sorbon and the University with divers other soloecismes in the present Government In his conclusion he insists much upon the convocation of the States generall of the Kingdom sure free a suspension of the mariage with Spain and so concluds with much complement These were specious pretences but they were as so many imaginary lines drawing to one reall Center which was the Marq of Ancre who indeed was the sole grievance and not He neither but his power and privacy with the Queen Regent which they thought to demolish by Arms. The Queen Regent in her answer to Conde reprocheth him that he had not imparted these things privatly to her to whom he had perpetual
the Clergy wherewith the Nobles joyn'd 1. That the Counsell of Trent should be publish'd through France 2. That the venality and selling of Offices should be suppressed 3. That the King should acknowledge in this Assembly to have no other superiour power on earth in his Temporalls and that he held the Crown immediatly of God alone This last Proposition was put on by the third Estate against the intention and without the concurrence of Clergy and Nobles of purpose to hinder the concession of the other two because divers of the third Estate were favourers of them of the Religion and Financiers The first Proposition was couch'd in these termes That the Oecumenical Counsel of Trent be receiv'd and publish'd in your Realms and the Constitutions thereof kept and observ'd but without prejudice to your Majesties rights the liberties of the Gallic Church the priviledges and exepmtions of Chapters Monasteries and Cominalties which his Holinesse shall be prayed may be reserv'd and to remain in their entire strength so that the publication of the said Counsell may not prejudice them any way The Third Estate protested against this alledging these reasons That in the said Counsell there were divers Decrees whereby the Spirituall invaded the Temporall rights That it would be a thing not only prejudiciall but dishonourable for France to approve of a Counsell wherein the most Christian King had received a palpable injury in the persons of his Ambassadors who were postpos'd to them of Spain which caus'd them to retire and quit the said Counsell in sense of that indignity offer'd to them who personated the first son of the Church in so public a Convention They excepted also against that clause that the Pope should be prayed the liberties of the Gallic Church might be preserv'd for that was to submit them to a forren power to the Papall authoritie whereas the said liberties are independent and originally inhaerent in the Gallican Church and contemporary with Christianity it self The difference 'twixt Liberties and Priviledges being this that the latter presuppose the concession and grant of some superior Power but liberties are originall and immemorial possessions and equall to inheritances Touching the second Proposition of the Clergy and Nobles against the venality and merchandising of Offices it was wav'd because divers of the Third Estate were either Financiers or Officers of Justice which places they had bought and so had power to sell them again for money Touching the third Proposition that concern'd the independency of the French Crown which was presented by the Commons in opposition to the first Proposition made by the Clergy and Nobles for the publication of the Counsell of Trent the one being made out of a zeale to the State Civil the other to the State Spiritual there were hot bandings on both sides The third Estate or Commons would have it declared for a fundamentall law that the King being supreme and absolute in his own Dominions there is no power on earth either Spirituall or Temporall that hath any right to deprive him of his Crown or to dispense and absolve his subjects from their allegiance unto him This was done to extinguish that dangerous Doctrin broached by som how it was lawfull to kill Tyrants and if the Roman Bishop had power to declare Kings Tyrants their lifes would be expos'd to the passion of every Pope and so to perpetuall apprehensions of danger The Clergy and Nobles finding how pertinacious and resolute the Commons were in this point for securing the lifes of their Kings and fearing it might breed a schisme 'twixt the Apostolicall See and the Monarchy of France Cardinal Perron a man of high merit and moderation was sent to make a Remonstrance unto them which he reduced to three heads 1. That it is not permitted upon any cause whatsoever to kill a King 2. That the Kings of France are Soverains in all degrees of Temporal soverainty within their Realm 3. That there is no case wherby subjects may be absolved from their oth of fidelity to their Prince Concerning the first two he pronounc'd them as absolut and categoricall but touching the last the Cardinal said that in regard it might usher in a Schisme he left it as problematicall not positif The President or Speaker of the Commons answer'd that the third Proposition being politicall he conceiv'd it concern'd not the Doctrin of Faith and consequently could not introduce any schisme much bussling there was about this point the Commons being very eager in it having the Parliament of Paris siding with them who pass'd an Arrest in favour of them accordingly but the King evok'd the difference to himself commanding that nothing should be determin'd theron in regard that he being assured of his own right and possession it appertain'd not either to the States or to the Court of Parliament or any other arbiter whatsoever to take cognisance thereof and remarkable it was that the King did not evoke and call that matter to Himself and to his Counsell according to the ordinary form but absolutly to himself and his own Person But although the King commanded the said Decree of the Court of Parliament to be suspended the Attorney Generall made such diligences because he was a friend to the businesse that divers Copies were sent abroad The great Assembly drawing now towards a closure they brought their Cayers or papers of grievances to the King at Bourbon House hall The Bishop of Luson after Cardinall of Richelieu was Prolocutor for the Clergy the King presently delivered the said Cayers to his Chancelor promising them an answer with all convenient expedition Thereupon a little after he sent for them to the Louure his royal Palace and told them that in regard of sundry affairs of great importance he could not answer their Cayers so soon as he desired but he would give speedy order to do it in the interim they might carry along with them to the Countrey an assurance of the satisfaction they expected touching the chiefest Articles for he was resolv'd to suppres the selling of offices to ease his people of tallies and subsidies to cause a research to be made into the misdemeanures of his Receivers and Financiers and lastly to retrench the multiplicitie of Offices and Pensions which were encreas'd from about two millions of franks which was the stint in the former Kings raign to four millions which make four hundred thousand pounds sterling Observ'd it was that the Marshall of Ancre while this busines of retrenching Officers and Pensions was in hottest agitation amongst the States got three new Tresurers of Pensions to be created from whom he drew neer upon one hundred thousand pound sterling as you will find hereafter when it will be thrown into his dish This was the first and last Assembly of the three Estates or Parliament general that was held in the raign of Lewis the thirteenth which it seems found his grave then for there hath bin none ever since and there is
Parliament mainly endevour'd to give some contentment to their Majesties therefore they employ'd again the prime President with others To declare the great displeasure the Court had that their Remonstrance was not agreeable to their Majesties wils protesting that it was never the intention of the Court to touch upon their actions or the Queens Regency whom they acknowledg'd to have oblig'd all France by her wise conduct and care she had both of the Kings Person and the State that as they could not so they would never attempt any thing upon royal authority what they had don was to testifie the zeal which they owe and will shew eternally to their Majesties Persons That they most humbly desir'd them to remember that the very next day after the death of Henry the Great their Majesties were pleas'd to honor that Court with their presence desiring them to contribut their good Counsels for the conduct of the public affairs which oblig'd them to present the foresaid Remonstrances c. So they concluded with all possible submission and a desire that the said Arrest of his Counsel of State should not be publish'd This took away somthing of the inflamation for the time but it cur'd not the wound which began to fester more and more and so gangrend that the whole body politic was like to perish For what the Court of Parliament sought by supplication the Prince of Conde not long after sought by the sword who having divers of the greatest Princes and them of the Religion ligu'd with him brought their Petition upon the Pikes point Conde flew to that height that he proceeded not by way of Remonstrance but as if he had bin a Prince absolut by way of Manifesto He was then in Picardy whither the King had sent divers Letters by persons of good quality to invite him to come to Court and to accompany him in his voyage to Guyen to fetch the Infanta but all would not do for old Bovillon had infus'd other Counsels into his head and so he publish'd a Manifesto that the cause of his retirement from the Court was the insolent deportment of the Marshall of Ancre the dissipation of Henry the Greats treasure the introduction of strangers of Iewes Sorcerers and Magicians by the said Marshall and so he concluded King-like parlant en sire Wherefore we pray and warn all the the Princes Peers and Officers of the Crown and all such as call themselfs French to succour and assist us in so good an occasion And we require and adjure all forren Princes and strangers all the Allies and Confederats of this State to give us ayd and assistance c. These were the specious pretences that caus'd this Manifesto which divers forren Princes took in foul scorn that he should require them being but a vassal himself The truth is there was but one generall grievance and that was the Marshall of Ancre a Confident of the Queen Mothers whom she had brought with her from Italy his wife having bin her foster sister He had the greatest vogue at Court which being a stranger made him repin'd at The King and the Queen Mother were then resolv'd upon a journey to Burdeaux to receive the Infanta and to deliver the Daughter of France for the King of Spain Conde disswades the King from the voyage by Letters which were not well taken So while the one prepares for his journey the other arms for a war and gets on his party Longueville Bulloin and Mayn who had concluded the match with Spain yet refus'd to attend in the jour ney Thus a fearfull clowd hung over France yet nothing could deter the King from going to fetch his wife and the Queen Mother said That all the power of earth should not hinder him Besides he was straitned for money for so long and costly a voyage nor would the Chamber of Accounts verify in Letters to take any out of the Bastile whereupon the King went himself in Person accompagnied by the Queen his Mother his Chancelor Secretaries of State and others in whose presence the Coffers were open'd and two millions and a halfe of Liures which make 250000. pounds sterling were taken out and deliver'd to the Treasurer of the Privy Purse The King being to begin his journey the first thing he did was to secure Paris so he left Mounsier de Liencour Governour thereof and to authorise him the more he admitted him to the Court of Parliament by Letters Patents which the said Court did verifie notwithstanding the harsh answer they had had to their late Remonstrance at the Louure The Marshal of Ancre was sent to Amiens with a considerable Army And another Army was left under the command of the Marshal de Bois Daufin consisting of 16000. foot 1500. horse and 2000. Carrabins to make head against the Mutiners So the King and his Mother accompagnied with the Dukes of Guyse Elbaeuf and Espernon with a good number of Gentlemen with 1200. light horse his Guard of Suisses and others making in all 400. foot parted from Paris towards Bourdeaux and being come to Poictiers Madame his sister which was to be sent to Spain fell sick of the small Pox which detaind the Court there five weeks and so much retarded the journey In the intrim the Princes forces encrease and prosper exceedingly having had the best in three rencounters Old Bovillon had got 600. Reiters from the Marquis of Brandenburg who joyn'd with them they got over the Loire maugre the Royall Army under Bois Dauphin The Duke of Vandom was then with the King and he gave him Commission extraordinary to make levies of horse and foot and having by virtu thereof rais'd an Army of 10000. Combatants he declar'd himself afterward for the Princes and employ'd them against the King He who did thrive best amongst the Royalists was the Marshal of Ancre who in the interim had taken Corbes and Clermont The King caus'd a Declaration to be publish'd wherein Conde and all his Adhaerents were Proclaim'd Traytors and sent it to Paris to be verified by the Parliament which was never more puzzled in any busines those that were averse to the Match with Spain and favour'd the Mutineers endevour'd to elude the Registring of the royal Declaration alledging that the Princes of the bloud being the prime Peers could not be censur'd there without their Peers and that the presence of the King himself was requisit without which his bloud could not be judg'd After tough altercations the voices of the Court were reduc'd to two Opinions one was of 73. voices who order'd that the Declaration should be registred but the Person of the Prince excepted for a moneth during which time he should be warn'd to submit himself to his Majesty and all others should lay down their arms The other Opinion was caried by 78. voices which was that the Court order'd that the reasons for which they could not and ought not to proceed to verifie the said Declaration should be
sent to the King Condé to make his quarrel more colourable and being heightned by the said Arrest of the Parliament of Paris added divers Articles more to his Manifesto viz. 1. That further research be made for the assassinat of Henry the Great 2. That a reformation be made of the Kings Counsell 3. That the grievances of the three Estates be answer'd with divers other They of the Religion were yet Neutrals and thinking to fish in these troubled waters propos'd these high demands 1. That the independence of the French Crown be declar'd 2. That the Counsell of Trent be never publish'd in this Kingdom 3. That his Majesty shall be desir'd to declare that upon his Coronation oath for extirpation of heresies he understood not or comprehended his subjects of the Religion 4. That in all public Acts it shall be inserted no more the pretended reform'd Religion but only Religion 5. That their Ministers shall be payed by the King c. These with divers other Propositions were first made at Grenoble where the King permitted them to Assemble but Lesdigueres could not endure them there therefore they remov'd to Nismes and thence to Rochell notwithstanding that the King commanded the contrary The Prince of Condé had an Agent in the Assembly who much press'd them to enter into the ligue with him which they did at last and writ a Letter to the King of the cause of their conjunction with Condé And as the King was importun'd by them of the Religion one way so was he sollicited by the Roman Catholiques of Bearn on the other side that his Majesty would please to restablish them in the possession of their goods whereof they were depriv'd by Iane d'Albret his paternal granmother Amongst these counter-distractions there came news unto the King that the 6000. Suisses which he had from the Protestant Cantons had quitted his pay and party and return'd to their own Countrey by the perswasion and practises of them of the Religion Madame the Kings sister being recover'd He went to Bourdeaux where the Spanish Ambassadour came to demand her for the Prince of Castile The Duke of Guise had a Procuration to marry her the next day which he did the Cardinal of Sourdis officiating and the pietie of the King much appear'd in the ceremony because he commanded the Cardinals Chaire should be put on a higher ground then his The same day the Duke of Lerma married the Infanta of Spain in Burgos for the King of France These nuptial ceremonies being perform'd Madame now Princesse of Castile departed from Bourdeaux conducted by the Duke of Guyse and in regard a rumor ran that they of the Religion as also the Count of Grammont with others who were said to have ligu'd with Condé had way-laid the young Bride the King commanded all the Regiment of his gard to attend her putting himself in the interim in the hands of them of Bourdeaux The exchange of the two Princesses was made upon a river call'd Bidasso hard by St. Iohn de Luz which separats those two mightie Kingdoms there were two stately Barges to waft them the Spaniards on their side had a huge vast globe representing the world rais'd upon a pavilion very high which made an ostentous shew The Duke of Guise took exception at it and protested he would never bring o're the Princesse till it was taken down which was done accordingly The next day the young Queen came to Bayon where Luynes then favorit to the King attended her with a Letter all written by the King himself in these words Madame since I cannot according to my desire find my self neer you at your entrance into my Kingdom to put you in possession of the power I have as also of my entire affection to love and serve you I send towards you Luynes one of my confident'st servants to salute you in my name and tell you that you are expected by Me with much impatience to offer unto you my Self I pray therefore receive him favorably and to beleeve what he shall tell you Madame from your most deer friend and servant Lewis Luynes deliver'd her also from the King two rich Standards of Diamonds which she receiv'd and kiss'd and from her table at Supper She sent a dish of meat unto him In the morning She return'd this Answer to the King Sir I much rejoyc'd at the good news Luynes brought Me of your Majesties health I come therewith being most desirous to arrive where I may serve my Mother and so I am making hast to that purpose and to kisse your Majesties hand whom God preserve as I desire Anne Being come afterwards to Bourdeaux they both receiv'd the nuptial benediction in magnificence according to the qualitie of the act and the persons and medals were made and thrown up and down with this Motto aeternae foedera Pacis pledges of eternal peace but the Poet that made that peece of verse for a Motto was no good Prophet for the eternal peace he spoake of lasted not many yeers between the two nations who notwithstanding that nature hath conjoyn'd them neer enough in point of local distance there being but a small river whereon the two Princesses were exchang'd that severs them yet there is no two people on earth are further asunder and more differing in disposition affections and interests being herein right Antipodes one to the other By this alliance is verified the saying of the Italian that Kings may wed but kingdoms never It appears also hereby what a hard destiny and sorry condition attends the daughters of Soverain Princes who are commonly made sacrifices of State and oblations for Politicall respects being also to be maried to aliens and oft-times to husbands of a different Religion they are wood by Proxy they must choose by picture fancy upon trust and tied in a knot indissoluble to one they never saw but in effigie perchance and afterwards they must be contented to be unpatriated disterr'd and as it were banish'd for ever from their own sweet native soyle and the ayr they first breath'd yet as the Civilian saith although they are the end of the House whence they come they are the beginning of that wherein they enter While the King was celebrating his nuptials in his town of Bourdeaux by divers inventions and exercises of pastime and pleasure as masks tilting playes bals and dances Condé with his Confederats leads another kind of dance up and down France but while he danc'd and revell'd thus the poore Countrey sung lachrymae being pitifully oppress'd torn and harass'd in most parts there being six or seven armies in motion on both sides he encreas'd mightily by concourse of partisans by conjunction of them of the Religion and by divers successfull rencounters The King on the other side was at a very low ebb having exhausted that two millions and a half of liures he had taken himself in person out of the Bastile and being put to hard shifts to get money to
were like to incur by such an exorbitant ambition being compell'd by some considerations and inspir'd by Counsel from above I resolv'd to secure the person of the said Marshall and therefore I commanded the Captain of my Guard to arrest him within my Castle the Louure which he attempting to do the said Marshall being well accompagnied offerd to oppose my said command and certain blows being given the said Marquis fell down dead c. So he tells him that he intends for the future to take the reins of Government into his own hands Wherefore he exhorts him to returne neer his Person and take his due rank in Court and Counsell And concludes that if he renders proofs answerable to the esteem he makes of his affection towards him he will be ready to acknowledge it Many Letters went abroad from the King of this tenor and they took such effect that all arms were thrown down every where and the Princes repair'd to Court Now and not before it may be said that the King began to raign by this change France chang'd her countenance old Officers were restor'd to their places Sillery was made Chancelor again Du Vair and Villeroy were restor'd with divers others and the Bishop of Lucon left the Secretariship of State and retir'd though he was offer'd to be still of the Privy Counsell if he would stay The Queen Mother shew'd her self a true Queen of her passions herein for though her favourit and foster sister were torn away from her thus yet such was her temper that she discover'd no extraordinary resentment that which she said she took ill was that the King did not impart unto her his intentions for she would willingly have concurr'd to do all things to his contentment The King appointed her the Castle of Blois to reside in and coming to take his leave of her he thanked her for the pains she had taken in Government but he resolv'd to sit now at the helme himself and if she would be a good Mother to him she should find him a good Son The Marchiones of Ancre was not executed till the Queen was gone from Paris at her arraignment she shew'd an Amazonian courage and the subtilty of her spirit put all men in admiration she denied with much disdain all kind of witchcraft and sorcery and indeed the proofs were little or none at all against her She confess'd that she had convey'd some moneys out of the Kingdom but it was either for the Kings service or for her own utility for the first it deserv'd rather a reward for the second there was no law against any stranger to do the like she acknowledg'd to have receiv'd divers favors of the Queen her Mistresse in whose service she had employ'd her whole life and to receive favors from great Princes was never held a crime till now she often dehorted her husband from some violent courses he took which made her make a separation of her estate from his fearing that some funestous accident might befall him but it being granted that she had conceal'd the defauts of her husband there was never any law that could punish much lesse condemn a wife for that In conclusion she defended herself with that caution and courage that many of the Judges were of opinion that banishment was enough for her but the quality of the times and state of things transported the Judges to extraordinary rigor Upon the Scaffold she carried herself with such a scorn of death and with that exemplary piety and patience that she mollified the hearts of all the spectators and sent hundreds away with wet eyes amongst whom were divers of those who had embrued their hands so barbarously in her husbands bloud Vitry had the Truncheon to be Marshall of France hereupon and out of the ruins of Ancre Luynes rais'd his fortunes which may be said to be three stories higher for he suddenly hois'd not only himself but his two brethren Cadenet Brand to an incredible height which made one fix upon the Louure gate this pasquil Aux trois Rois at the the three Kings some cryed out that the tyranny was not chang'd but only the tyrant That the same Tavern stood still only it had a new bush Luynes had given him the Marquisat of Ancre and all the Stable possessions of the Marshal but Du Vair a good while would not let it passe the Great Seal in regard that by an Arrest of the Court of Parliament all their Stable goods were confiscated and reunited to the Crown and he stood stiffe in this untill the King had given him the Bishoprick of Lysieux and having then fixed the Seal the French Pasquin began to tell him Et Homo factus sum a little after the King married his Favorit Luynes to the Duke of Montbazons daughter He gave the Duke twenty thousand pound sterling and made him Governor of the Isle of France the Duke of Main being translated to Guyen The King desiring to be in good intelligence with all his Subjects fell upon a new reach of Policy by the advice of his Counsell which was that in regard he had found that the Assembly of the States General brought with it more trouble then utility in regard of the discrepant humors and interests which such a number of men of various conditions Professions and Religions carried with them instead of the States General he convokes an Assembly of notables as he term'd it compos'd of some selected Persons out of every Order whereunto should be added some Counsellor out of every Court of Parliament Which being fewer in number would not breed such a confusion And this Assembly should be equipollent to that of the States General and their acts so obligatory To this end the Kings Writs were issued out the day and place appointed which was the Citie of Roven All solemnly met there in the Archbishops Hall where after the King the Chancelor made a grave Oration that his Majesties pious intentions to call them thither was to regulat and police the State and to ease the Subject The first four daies were spent in settling the ranks of the Deputies and a great clash fell twixt the Nobles and the Deputies of Parliaments whom the Nobles said they had reason to precede in regard they took them to be but Members of the third Estate but they disadvow'd that qualitie and stood to their Soverain Jurisdiction which extended over the Nobles as well as other persons nor could they be call'd the third Estate because they never us'd to meet in the Assembly of the States Generall The Nobles alledg'd the lustre of their birth the excellence of the Profession of Armes above the gown strengthning their cause with divers other arguments but the difference being left undecided the King resolv'd that the Nobles should be plac'd about the Person of the King but with this proviso that it should not prejudice the second rank they have by Fundamentall right In the convention of
to detain still the possessions of the Church 2. Others thought it was fit to give the King some contentment but in appearance only and to verifie the Edict assuring themselfs that it could never be put in execution it would meet with so many difficulties 3. Others thought it best to delay the verification to another time The King understanding that they were thus chopping of Logic and that the Synod also which was there then sitting did mainly resist the verification of his Edict He resolves to go thither himself though many disswaded him from the journey by reason of the uncouth wayes the sory lodgings the waters in some places poyson'd by Sorcerers and the scarcity of provision in the Lands of Bourdeaux But none of these reasons could deter the King therefore he prepares for his voyage and in the interim he sent a person of quality to the Rochellers to acquaint them with the Elusory answers which the Bearnois made to his commands and therefore he advis'd and requir'd them to have nothing to do in this busines They of Rochell little regarding what the King said but undertook the protection of the Bearnois The King being advanced in his journey neer Pau the Inhabitants sent to know how he would be receiv'd the King asked if there were ever a Church in the Town if there were he would enter as their Soverain if not he would receive no honor in a place where God Almighty had no House to be honor'd in so he entred without any Ceremony They of the Religion making three parts of the people forbore to send Commodities to Pau Market during the Kings sojourn there to constrain him to go away the sooner so that his train made hard shift to subsist all the while He goes thence to Navarrenz seven leagues neerer the hills a strong tenable place having 45. peeces of Ordnance and 40. Culverins the old Governor Bertrand de Sales sent the keys of the Town to the King where he peaceably entred contrary to all expectation he put in a new Garrison of French there and plac'd another Governor giving for recompence to the old 60000. Franks He also caus'd Masse to be sung there which had not bin done fifty yeers before so having settled all things at Navarrenx he return'd to Pau where the great Church which they of the Religion had turn'd to a Temple was restor'd to the Priests and two thousand crowns given for satisfaction In fine having cast the Church into its old mould and the Military with the Civill Government into a new and leaving a competent strength with La Force to preserve both he took post and came safely and triumphantly to Paris in a few dayes The Bearnois made their addresses to the French Churches and exhibited their complaints unto them and for their justification they alledg'd two reasons One was a possession of fifty yeers continued without interruption of those revenues the King had ravish'd them of The second was an Ordinance of the States Generall of Bearn confirm'd by a Declaration of Henry the Great to that effect The Roman Catholiks answer'd That for the possession they speak of it was violent and accompagnied with rebellion and felony Touching the Assembly of the States Generall which they urg'd it was altogether illegal because the first and most noble part which was the Clergy was excluded by a cruel persecution and for Henry the Great he was then himself a persecutor of the Catholiks The French Reformed Churches which are neer upon eight hundred did much resent the usage of the Bearnois thereupon there was a great Assembly held at Loudun without the Kings permission wherein they resolv'd to assist their brethren of Bearn They drew up Cayers or papers to present unto the King containing sundry demands 1. The first that his Majesty would please to revoke his arrest given in favor of the Ecclesiastiks of Bearn 2. A continuation of their Cautionary Towns foure yeers longer the time being now expir'd 3. They demanded leave to change two Governors which were turn'd Catholiks When these Papers were presented to the King he sent their Deputies word by Condé and Luynes that his will was that first of all they should separat the Assembly and six moneths after their separation they should be favourably answer'd They prai'd this promise might be digested in writing to an Act they were answer'd That it was an indecent and derogatory thing for a Monark to treat in that manner with his subjects as if his word were not sufficient The Deputies receiv'd little satisfaction in this so they returnd to Loudun wher the Assembly continued still notwithstanding two Declarations publish'd by the King wherein they were commanded to separat upon pain of being proclaim'd Traytors They little valu'd the Kings Declarations but dissolving their Assembly at Loudun they sent summons up and down to meet at Rochell where in a greater eagernes and zeal to the Cause then before they solemnly conven'd notwithstanding another new Prohibition of the Kings verifi'd by the Court of Parliament in Paris Hereupon the busines was put into deep deliberation at the Counsell of State whether the King should declare war against the whole body of the Religion or particularly against those that had met at Rochell and the latter opinion took place for these reasons 1. First it could not stand with justice to force consciences to quit that beleef which had bin so long tolerated 2. Secondly that declaring a war against the whole body of them of the Religion might bring in forren ayd 3. Thirdly that if a war were pronounc'd in generall many of the Kings best servants would be involv'd therein and provok'd as the Duks of Trimoville Bovillon Lesdigueres Suilly Chastillon Brassai Montgomery Blamville with divers other of his best sort of subjects The King in regard his Treasury was much drain'd was loth to plunge himself in a serious war again the Rochelers therefore to comply with them he accorded a continuation of their cautionary Towns for five yeers longer notwithstanding that they demanded but foure He also gave them leave to change the Governor of Lectour Castle and to choose a new Counsellor in the Parliament of Paris two things they insisted much upon but they prevail'd little with them unlesse the late Edict of Bearn were revok'd Hereupon the Gran Assembly at Rochell reinforc'd it self and went on more roundly then ever there were also up and down the Countrey divers other meetings as Synods Colloquies Circles and demy-circles which conven'd and consulted They of Rochell went higher and higher they had a new public sealemade they establish'd a new Court of Admiralty and stamp'd new Coines They made 47. Ordinances which were printed and commanded to be strictly observed through all the Reformed Churches They nominated Governors of Provinces and impos'd taxes at pleasure The King was much incens'd at these traverses yet nothing could move him to declare war against the whole body of them
in his Palace at Theobalds A little before he broak out into a very passionate Speech to his Lords of the Counsel of the King of France saying My Lords the King of France hath writ unto me that he is so far my friend that if ever I have need of him he will render me Offices in Person whensoever I shall desire him Truly he hath gain'd upon me more then any of his Predecessors and he may beleeve me that in any thing that shall concern him I will employ not only my peoples lifes but mine own and whosoever of his subjects shall rise against him either Catholiks or others shall find me a party for him 'T is true if he be provok'd to infringe his Edicts I shall impart as much as in me lies by counsell and advice to prevent the inconveniences Then falling upon the perfections of Madame Henriette Marie he said pleasantly When she is come over I will denounce war against her because she would not read my Letter nor my sons as I understand before she had first receiv'd command from the Queen her Mother yet I have cause to thank her because that after she had perus'd them she put mine in her cushionet and the other in her bosome intimating thereby that she would rely upon me for counsell and lodg my son in her heart King Iame's death retarded a while the proceedings of the Match for things were at a stand till his Exequies were pass'd which were perform'd with a Magnificence sutable to so great a King This Ceremony being ended a procuration was sent the Duke of Cheureuse from his Majesty of Great Britain to be contracted unto the Lady Henriette and then to marry her in his name which was done with extraordinary celebrity the one in the Louure the last in the great Church of Paris by the ministery of the Cardinall Rochefaucaud a little before there was a clash twixt him and the Bishop of Paris who urg'd it was his right to officiat in his own Church but the Cardinal being a Prince of the Church Universall being also gran Almoner which makes him chief Clark of the Court and Cardinal Richelieu who had now the greatest stroak in the State favoring his own habit and the Hat more then the Mitre the Cardinal carried the day This solemnity was perform'd to the very height of greatnes and splendor and such was the bravery of the English Ambassadors the Earls of Carlile and Holland that they seem'd to outshine the French that day in their own Sphere One half of the dowry had bin delivered before upon the Contract which was in all as was said before eight hundred thousand crowns and it was more then the eldest Sister had by two hundred thousand crowns and double as much as the second had the one having but six hundred thousand the other but foure hundred thousand crowns to their portions The Contract and Mariage being thus finish'd the Duke of Buckingham came a fortnight after with admired gallantry to demand the Queen of Great Britain for the King his Master and to attend and conduct her over to England The Queen Mother accompagnied her as far as Amiens Monsieur her Brother to Bullen whence a Fleet of twenty Galeons Royall transported her to Dover This was the eighth Nuptiall conjunction of the Rose and Flowerdeluce that hath happend 'twixt England and France The first was in the yeer 900. 'twixt Charles the First of France and the Lady Ogine daughter to Edward the old King of England 120. yeers before the Norman conquest The second twixt Henry the Third of England and Margaret daughter to Lewis the Seventh of France The third was between Edward the First of England and the Lady Margaret daughter to Philip the Hardy of France The fourth 'twixt Edward the Second of England and Isabel daughter to Philip the Faire The fifth was 'twixt Richard the Second of England and Elizabeth daughter to Charles the Sixth The sixth 'twixt Henry the Fifth of England and Catherin daughter also to Charles the Sixth of France The seventh was 'twixt Lewis the twelfth of France and Mary daughter to Henry the Seventh of England The eighth was this 'twixt Charles Stuard Prince of Wales and Henriette Marie of Bourbon youngest daughter to Henry the Great so in these eight Matches England hath had six daughters of France and France two of Englands As soon as this great Nuptiall pompe was pass'd there came tydings that Soubize upon a new discontent of them of the Religion had a great Fleet of ships at Sea and surpriz'd the Port of Blauet in Britany which is a faire and large Haven deposited to the Spaniard in time of the Ligue and restored to Henry the Great at the peace at Vervins Soubize enterd the Haven with eleven Sayle of men of War and took and carried away six great ships whereof some belong'd to the Duke of Nevers This rendred them of the Religion powerfull at Sea and because their Ships might have choise of harbors they seiz'd upon the Islands of Re and Oleron where they began to fortifie Soubize sayles up the Garond towards Bourdeaux with a Fleet of seventy sayles of all sort which made him Master of the Sea and landing a considerable number of land forces at the land of Medoc they of Bourdeaux joyning with Toiras sent him a shipboard again with losse and so he return'd to Rochell A little after he sets out to Sea again and takes divers prises extremely interrupting all traffic on those Coasts Hereupon the King sent to the Hollander to hyre twenty Sayle of men of War according to the late Treaty which were accordingly sent him under Admirall Hauthain These joyning with another Fleet of the Duke of Monmorency made a considerable naval power Monmorency was very eagar to set upon Soubize and the Rochell Fleet but he found the Hollanders bacward and cold being charm'd by Letters and a Remonstance annexed unto it sent to Hauthain by two French Ministers and two Dutch Merchants from Rochell wherein they made piteous complaint that the King had performed little or nothing at all of the Treaty before Montpellier and that the utter ruine of the whole body of the Religion which was the same with that of Holland was intended therefore they did efflagitat and conjure the said Admiral Hauthain to lay his hand on his heart and conscience and not to contribute to so damnable a dessein This Remonstrance wrought much upon Hauthain and Dorp his Vice-Admiral in so much that he publiquely declar'd unto the Duke of Monmorency that he had Commission in expresse termes from his Masters the States to reduce Monsieur Soubize to his duty either by reason or force that he understood how he was ready to conforme himself to the first and to that effect he and his Brother the Duke of Rohan with other Towns of their party had Deputies employed to the King to desire Peace which was in a good forwardnes
Soubize he march'd away at last There was a great debate in the Cittadell whether the English should be poursued in the Retreat or whether a bridge of silver should be made them to passe quietly away The first opinion prevayl'd so they had not march'd a Musket shot from the Town but two hundred horse two thousand foot were at their heeles The English made a stand to see whether the French would fight but they would not so they continued their march till they came to la Nova a little village where they made another stand thinking the French would charge which they forboare still Thence they march'd to Lewisbridg where they were to imbark but before two Regiments were pass'd over the Bridg which was very narrow the French fell upon the English horse in the reare and routed them so that the foot could not charge then they began to fly and the enemy had the execution of five Regiments which he put most to the sword except twenty Officers and one hundred common soldiers divers also were drown'd in the salt-pits and dikes so there perish'd in all neer upon two thousand besides the sick which were left before the Cittadell all whose throats were cut and sent in a Bark thrust from the shore to the English Ships My Lord Monjoy now Earl of Newport was there taken prisoner old Colonel Gray was fallen into a salt-pit and being upon point of being drown'd he cryed out cent mill escus pour marancon a hundred thousand crowns for my ransom so the noise of the mony sav'd his life There were divers prisoners besides taken but they were sent as a present to the Queen of England to whom the King writ this following Letter by le Chevalier de la Ramé call'd du Meau Madame my sister It having pleas'd God to blesse my arms in such sort that my Lord Monjoy Colonel Gray divers Captains Officers and Gentlemen remaind my prisoners in the journey which pass'd at Ré the eighth of this moneth I was willing to testifie unto all Christendom the speciall esteem which I make of your Person by sending unto you the said prisoners which I have let go upon their words for your sake Nothing having invited me thereunto but the friendship which I bear you and the knowledge I also have that I cannot do an act more acceptable to the Queen my Mother then to do for your sake what I would not do for any other Du Meau will assure you of my health I pray you have a care of your own which is most deer unto me and I assure you that the world hath not a brother which makes more account of a sister then I do of you so I rest my Lady and Sister your most affectionat Brother Lewis From the Campe before Rochell the last of November 1627. There were also forty foure Colours taken which the King sent to the two Queens at Paris and they hang to this day in the great Church there This was the dismall'st day that the English ever had in France who in times pass'd perform'd such stupendous exploits in that Countrey yet the Invasion was made with much gallantry for they might be said to have swom through water and blood to take footing on the Island which discover'd much of the ancient courage of the Nation Besides they did before the Cittadel as much as men could do upon their marching away they made two stands to draw Schomberg to fight notwithstanding that they had not in number a quarter of the horse that he had newly transported from the Continent They took likewise divers prisoners of note who were released also without ransome by his Majesty of Great Britain Divers omissions there were that prov'd fatall to this expedition 1. The not speedy marching of the English Army in poursuance of their first victory to the Cittadell where Toiras had time in the interim to fortifie 2. The not taking of the little Fort la Prée in the way which might have serv'd for a retreat 3. That the Duke did not follow the advice of Burrowes to go to Oleron a greater Island and afterwards of the knowingst Colonels so often press'd upon him to march away before Schomberg came over for so he might have made an honorable retreat then which there is nothing more difficult in the fait of armes not is it any disgrace to go away in the night for preventing of being beaten in the day Monsieur Soubizes counsell was the cause of these omissions who was the main contriver of this infortunate voyage with Blancart who fell at first landing And it seems a hard destiny hanted the said Soubize though a worthy man of himself in all attempts from the beginning He was taken prisoner at Saint Iohn d'Angely he was forc'd to flye at Royan and twice with this time at Ré He had but ill succes at Medoc and divers ill-favor'd encounters at Sea though he lost lesse honor there then a shore Some outlandish Chroniclers would have it that there were three Furies which impell'd the English to this Expedition 1. The ambition of Buckingham 2. The felony of Soubize 3. The rebellion of the Rochellers but these men write more out of passion then knowledge for as I instanc'd in the beginning of this relation there were divers causes to move England to armes as matters stood then The King having had such rare successe against the English he resolves upon the planting of a serious siege before Rochell thereupon order was given for an exact circumvallation by Land and Pompco Targon an Italian Engineer was employed for Sea works the said Targon being assisted with the Cardinals headpeece fell on a plot to raise a huge dike in the channell which the Rochellers geer'd at first but they found it the bane of their Town at last The Rochellers had recourse to the King of Great Britain for protection who resenting their sad condition employed two Royall Fleets for their succour which made but sory returns The Duke of Buckingham was to be General of the last but he was tragically slain the day before he was to embark Thereupon the Earl of Linzey went in his place but before he appear'd before the Town Targon had finish'd the gran Dike whereof the Cardinal was dayly overseer the King being then in Paris there were certain kind of palissadoes and other strange fabriques rais'd in the channel to the wonderment of the world for Marquis Spinola at his revokment from Flanders to Spain and passing by the Kings Army said he had never seen the like being as trenches and barricadoes erected in the Sea and they were done with that advantage that no navall power could do any good upon them In so much that the English Fleet being arriv'd the Cardinal sent to the General that he should have safe pasport to come a shore with six of his knowingst Commanders with permission to view the works and if they thought in their judgements
disadvowes that she was ever prisoner but that she had liberty to choose any place throughout the whole Kingdome to live in except Champany and for more respect she should have the Government of the place and Province he declares further that her departure with his Brothers was plotted by those that are not only envious but enemies of the felicity of France therefore he prohibits and utterly forbids all his subjects of what quality or condition soever to have intelligence or correspondence with his said Mother and Brother or with any of their domestic servants or with those that are partakers of their Counsels under what pretence whatsoever Gustavus King of Sweden having by the intercession of the Ambassadors of his Majesty of Great Britain and France made his peace with the Pole strikes into Germany and like an impetuous torrent carries all before him for a time He enters into an Alliance with France and in few dayes the Treaty was concluded whereof the Articles were these that follow 1. The present Alliance which is made betwixt their Majesties is principally for the defence of all their oppressed friends and for the safety of commerce by Sea to reestablish all the Princes and Estates of the Empire in the same condition they were before the beginning of the German war and to cause all Forts and intrenchments upon the Baltic Sea to be demolish'd 2. To this effect his Majesty of Sweden doth promise to entertain and conduct upon his own charge an Army of thirty thousand foot and ten thousand horse into Germany and the King of France promiseth to contribut every yeer for the maintenance of the said Army one million of Franks two shillings sterling a peece one moity in May the other in November next following in Paris or Amsterdam and that this Alliance shall last to the first of March in the yeer 1636. 3. That if it please God to favour the armes of the King of Sweden he shall not alter or change the Catholic Apostolic Roman Religion in those places that he shall conquer but he shall permit the Inhabitants to have free exercise of their Religion according to the Treaty at Passaw and the constitutions of the Empire 4. That he shall keep himself in good friendship and neighbourhood with the Elector so he call'd him of Bavaria and with the Catholic ligue or at least in a neutrality provided they do the like 5. That no Peace or Treaty be accorded by one without the consent of the other 6. That in regard this Treaty was begun the last yeer and in the interim his Majesty of Sweden hath bin at great expence in consideration hereof his Majesty of France shall deliver the summe of three hundred thousand Franks in good Letters of exchange which ought not to be deducted out of those summes that were specified before for five yeers to come These Articles being agreed upon the King of France sent them to the Bavarian to approve of and subscribe them but the old Duke suspended his resolution many moneths and then the Swed having gain'd the great Battail of Leipsic against the Imperialists and the Catholic Ligue the affaires of Germany chang'd face Charnassé the French Ambassador came from the Swedish Army not without some complaints to Paris yet he was sent back with the Marquis of Brezé Ambassadour extraordinary to the King of Sweden to solicit still for a neutrality 'twixt his Army and that of the Catholic Ligue which was agreed upon provided that the chief of the said Ligue would separat their Forces and retire into their own Territories This declaration of neutrality being brought to the Bavarian he was willing to sign it provided that the Swed would restore what he had taken from the said Catholic Ligue since the Battail of Leipsic for after that Battail he had made a monstrous progres and penetrated the heart of Germany having now cross'd the Rhine which he had promis'd not to do without the French Kings consent and seiz'd upon the City of Metz where he now kept a Court Emperour-like The French Ambassadors proposing unto him a restitution of what he had taken from the Catholic Ligue he refus'd it whereupon there were high words pass'd twixt him and the Ambassadors so the neutrality ceas'd and turn'd to hostility afterwards and the Swed commanded all Roman Catholicks to void the Town of Mentz for fear they had intelligence with some Spanish Troups that were at Spire but that order was revok'd by the mediation of the French Ambassadors so the alliance lasted still twixt the two Kings The King of France a little after this being march'd as far as Metz with an Army for the defence of his Allies was visited there by some German Princes and the Duke of Lorain came thither in Person of purpose to see him and to scatter some clowds of diffidence and jealousies that were 'twixt the King and him so a new Treaty was agreed on wherein there were some Articles very disadvantagious to the Lorrener As first That the said Duke should depart from that time forward from all Intelligences Ligues Associations or Practices which he had or might have with any Prince or State whatsoever to the prejudice of his Majesty his Estates and Countreys under his obedience and protection as also in prejudice of the Alliance and Confederation 'twixt him and the King of Sweden and 'twixt him and the Duke of Bavaria for the conservation of the liberty of Germany and the Catholic Ligue and defence of the Princes that are allied and friends to France Secondly That the said Duke shall not treat or make any Alliance with any Prince or State whatsoever without the knowledge and consent of the said King Thirdly That he cause to retire out of his Countrey all such that are enemies to the King and that he shall give neither passe nor safe conduct to any of his subjects that have gone out of France against his pleasure Fourthly That no Military leavies be made in his Countrey against his Majesties service nor that any of his subjects serve or assist his enemies Fifthly That he shall give liberty and power to them who shall be sent from the King to seiz upon and arrest any rebellious subjects being accus'd and convinc'd of Treason These with other Articles were agreed upon in this Treaty which the King would not cōmence unles he had first deliver'd up Marsal a strong tenable place In such a posture as we told you before that Nature had plac'd the Duke of Savoy in the self same posture the quality of the soyles excepted may the Duke of Lorain be said to be being situated 'twixt mightier Potentats then himself who as once the Lion did increpat the innocent Lamb for troubling the waters may make him the subject of their displeasure and advantage at any time to devoure him But the Lorrener of the two is in a worse condition then the Savoyard being homageable to the Emperour and the King
of France holding Lorain in fee of the one and the Duchy of Bar of the other While the Treaty at Vic 'twixt the King and the Duke of Lorain was in agitation the Marshall de la Force and Schomberg took Moyenvic whence they marchd before the Town of Tryers the protection of whose Archbishop the King had undertaken he being amongst the seven Electors Lord High Chancelor of France as he of Collen is of Italy and he of Mentz of Germany Tryers in a short time fell to parley and so rendred herself upon honorable termes In this yeer there came an Ambassador from the Emperour of Morocco to the Court of France who afterwards went to his Majesty of Great Britain taking France first in his way as she stood he brought a Letter in Arabic to this effect God is Our confidence These Letters of the most mighty Emperour who being assisted by Divine grace and favor is alwayes happy swelling with victory whose most illustrious Court is full of grandeurs and prosperity are sent to the most Noble the most High and most excellent Dignity whose Realm within the bounds of Christendom hath the most illustrious name and ranke To the Dignity I say of the most eminent the most noble the most happy and the most renowned Emperour the King of France and Navar the Emperour Lewis son to mighty magnificent famous and magnanimous Emperours Having wish'd glory to God the soverain Master of all Glory and Majesty whose Empire hath no need of any Counsellor or the assistance of any Prince whose prayses cannot be expressed by any tongue though never so eloquent Having rendred the honours which are due to our Lord Mahomet most eminent in dignity most rich in treasure preserver of men in the tempestuous day of judgement we desire of God that the people made famous by this Prophet be acceptable unto him that he please to maintain them ever in his particular protection and that all they who love him persist to the end in the exercise of good and laudable actions And we make particular prayers for the prosperitie of his most high imperial prophetic and most eminent throne assisted always by God and wherein by the meanes of his invincible force the elect people and all his subjects are exalted his memory and steps remaining to eternity This Letter of our high Majesty hath bin written from the throne of our Empire of Maroc which God by his grace and goodnes and by the benediction of his Apostle conserve who doth not subsist but by the continuall assistance of God whose providence never ceasing to assist him serves incomparably more to his defence then any other of all the Armies of the world for which we render infinit thanks to his Divine Majesty to whom is the sole power strength and might c. The Superscription was To the most renowned and magnificent dwelling within all the bounds of Christendom the most eminent Palace The Palace of the most Honorable the most Noble the most Mighty Emperour the King of France and Navar the Emperour Lewis This Mahumetan Ambassador came from Muley King of Morocco in Barbary for the redemption of certain slaves that were in Marseilles Gallies which he obtain'd and in exchange all the French that were Captifs in Saly and other places belonging to Morocco were releas'd besides it was agreed that the King of France might nominat Consuls in those Towns of commerce which were under his Dominion who should have power to determin any controversie that might intervene between the subjects of France there traffiquing Such a bombardicall Letter he brought also accompagnied with presents to the King of Great Britain who sent an English Fleet in his favor against the Pyrats and Rebell Saint of Saly who did him much service for reducing the Town to his obedience Don Gonzales de Cordova passing through France to Flanders came to kisse the Kings hands who sent him a rich sword valued at four thousand crowns inlay'd with Diamonds which he refus'd and Monsieur Guron conducted him to Cambray he refus'd also the present that Gonzales would have given him saying That he disdain'd any present from him who refus'd the bounty of his King The Duke of Lorain receives Monsieur again into his Countrey notwithstanding the former Treaty and leavies forces for him to enter France the King being extremely incens'd thereat marcheth suddenly towards Lorain and employes the forces that was design'd for Germany that way with whom he joyn'd in person and took divers places in Lorain The Duke finding himself unable to resist and being in despair of any forces from Flanders the Spaniard being then busie at Mastric he had recourse to a Treaty which the King yeelded unto The Treaty was to be held at Liverdun where the Cardinal met the Deputies of the Duke Most of the Articles of the Treaty at Vic were confirm'd and the Duke was oblig'd besides to deliver unto him Iamets and Stenay for hostage and to make an absolut sale unto him of the County of Clermont for a pecuniary sum thus the busines was quickly concluded and the Cardinal of Lorain was to remain for pledge till the Capitulations were perform'd The Duke of Lorain being thus surpriz'd was made unable to assist Monsieur as he expected nor could he have any supplies from Flanders because of the siege at Maestrict yet he enters France with eighteen hundred horse most of them strangers as Liegeois and Crabats He publish'd a Manifesto to justifie his taking of Arms Charging Richelieu with the usurpation and dissipation of France and that he had no other intent but to let his Majesty know how much he was deceived and so exhorted all good Frenchmen to assist him in his laudable desseins The King caus'd a counter-Manifesto to be proclaimed declaring them Traytors in the highest degree that should adhere to Monsieur yet if he would lay down his Arms and submit himself within the compas of forty dayes after the publication of the said Manifesto he would forget all faults pass'd and Monsieur should find such welcome that he should have cause to extoll the Kings goodnes and detest the pernicious counsels that had bin given him The King doubting that words would little prevail without the sword dispatch'd Marshall de la Force with ten thousand foot and twelve hundred horse to Languedoc because he understood that Monsieur would draw in Monmorency to joyn him which he did with foure Bishops more the Duke of Monmorency then Governor of Languedoc summons the States together wherein he declar'd himself for Monsieur and never to separat from his interests till the Government was reform'd The King hearing of Monmorencies revolt was extreamly incens'd and the more because he had sent him extraordinary Commission and money besides to raise Troups for his service wherewith he was now ready to bandy against him therupon he commanded his House in Paris to be seiz'd on and all his goods inventoriz'd amongst which there were
out for the Duke of Anjou the French quickly hearkens unto them so there was a Treaty at Narbona whither they sent twelve persons of quality for hostages and an Order issued out that he should be branded with a hot iron who spake of any accommodation with Castile It was agreed upon that upon putting themselfs under the Royall protection of the most Christian King he should furnish them with an Army of six thousand foot and two thousand horse to be maintain'd by the Catalans Whereupon three Commissioners were sent to Paris one for the Clergy another for the Nobility and a third for the Gentry and Cominalty They who were most busy herein and indeed the chiefest bellowes that blew this terrible fire were the Preaching Fryers and Monks who in lieu of obedience and conformity to Government and compliance with the necessities of the King having so many irons in the fire did teach and obtrude to the people nothing more then common priviledge and resumption of liberty whereby the affection of the vassall was imbitter'd and at last quite poyson'd against his Prince whence this Aphorisme may be collected That the best Instruments misapplied do greatest mischief and prove most dangerous to any State And as of the sweetest wines is made the sharpest Vineger so Churchmen who by their holy function and white robes of innocence should be the sweetest of all professions who should breath nothing but peace unity allegeance and love if they misapply their talent and abandon themselfs to the spirit of faction they become the bitterest enemies the most corroding cankers and worst vipers in any Common-wealth and most pernicious to the Prince In regard that they having the sway ore the conscience which is the Rudder that steers the actions words and thoughts of the rationall creature they transport and snatch it away whither they will making the Beast with many heads conceive according to the colour of those rods they use to cast before them The French having thus undertaken the protection of the revolted Catalan and cut the Spaniard work enough that way he did miracles against him about this time in the Netherlands for he made the Rat to eat the Cat and a Cow to spin out a bundle of Flax by rendring himself Master of Arras the chiefest Town of the Province of Artois after a strong stubborn siege which place the Flemins held to be inpregnable and as impossible to take as it was for the Rat and the Cow to do what was above said His Generall also in Italy the Count of Harcour did do strange exploits who having entred Piemont was besieg'd by the Spaniard in Chieri but he got through routs the enemy and succours Casal This he did with 1500. horse and a few foot who were nothing equall in number to the Spaniards who were thrice as many This ventrous achievement which some interpreted rashnes rather then true valor got him a mighty reputation Then he marcheth to Turin and besiegeth it but the gates were open'd to him within a short time so he made a glorious entrance into the Town and returns triumphantly ore the Hills to France having setled the King his Master in the protection of the Infant Duke of Savoy his Nephew which protection or tutele the Emperour seconded by the Spaniard alledg'd did belong to him by Imperial right during his minority There came a Messenger of State to Paris who brought notice of the Great Turks death in the flower of his youth though of a robust huge constitution He died by excesse of drinking some sorts of wine wherewith he was us'd to be oft distemper'd notwithstanding the strict law of Mahomet who us'd to preach this Doctrine That there was a Devill in every berry of the grape and therefore absolutly interdicted the use of wine in his Alchoran But such is the power of sensuall appetit in man that the spirit oftentimes is too weake to resist the motion of sense though the conscience should dictat that Hell it self stands gaping for him in the very fruition of the pleasure The genius of this great Potentat is very remarkable for when he came first to sit upon the throne of that mighty Empire he was of a mild gentle and peacefull nature but the Janizaries who may in time prove the bane of that Tyranicall Monarchy having violently cut off many of his great Officers and committed other acts of high insolencies whereat he had conniv'd and looked on as a sufferer a great while at last patience so often abus'd and stretch'd as it were upon the Tenter turn'd to fury in him and that in so high a degree that it came to alter and quite change his disposition and the very instinct of nature in him for of a soft easie and candid humour he became afterwards having bin so often provok'd by such bloudy spectacles as cruell and sanguinary as any that ever sway'd the Ottoman Empire And he order'd matters so that he found an opportunity to be reveng'd of all those that had affronted him before and bereft him of his Favourits and Officers He commonly carried with him a Ghelad an Executioner who at his sudden beck and in his sight took off many heads to offer up as Victimes for the life 's of his slain servants He grew to be so flesh'd in bloud that he was scarce capable of any compassion or appre hension of fear notwithstanding that his predecessor had been hacked to peeces not long before by one of his meanest soldiers for attempting to remove his Court from Constantinople t'other side the Hellespont to Damasco to be reveng'd of his cowardly Janizaries who would not fight the yeer before against the Pole as also of the Constantinopolitans for refusing to furnish him with moneys for that war Hence may be drawn this Caution That Princes natures are ticklish things to be tamper'd withall that it is dangerous to trench too far upon the softnesse of their dispositions as appears in this Monark who by often irritations fell from one extreme to another The horrid flames we spake of before which were kindled amongst those fiery Mountains the Pyreneys in Catalonia the chiefest part of Hispania Tarraconensis according to the old division did rage with such fury that the sparkles of them by a strong East-wind were caried into Portugall of old Hispania Lusitanica And as one torch lights another or any other thing whose matter is combustible and apt to take so this other Revolt was kindled by the first and Portugall was very well prepar'd to receive it as well for the aversnes and strong disaffection her Inhabitants have to the Castillan for I have heard them complain often that the greatest misery which could befall them was to lose their King Don Sebastian and to fall under the yoak of the Castillan as also for divers other causes First she complain'd that the King neglected to protect her against the Hollander in Brasil where he had taken Fernanbuck her chief
daughter of France for the King of Spain 31 H Lord Hayes after Earl of Carlile Ambassador in Paris 34 The Duke of Halluin beats Serbellon and the Spaniards before Leucato 115 The Pr of Harcour relieves Casal appears before Turin takes it 129 The Hard fortune of Kings daughters 32 Henry the Great slain 3 His treasure his army his burial 4 Henry the third buried 22. yeers after his death 8 M. Hicks now Sir Ellis Hicks the good service he did at Montauban 58 Hesdin taken by the French 126 Twenty Holland men of War come according to article to serve the French King 68 The Lady Henrietta Maria married to the King of Great Britain 66 Humbert Duke of Viennois upon what termes he bequeath'd Dauphiné to Philip of Valois I King Jame's Letter to the French King 63 His passionate speech to his Counsell his complement to her Majesty now Queen 66 The Jacobins hold that in no case the Counsel is above the Pope the question solemnly debated in Paris 12 Inventions to torment Ravaillac 7 The Iesuits have the heart of Henry the Great 8 Jesuits not permitted to open their Colledge in Paris 11 The Imperialists and Spaniards overrun Picardy and Burgundy 113 Insurrection in Diion suppress'd 93 Insurrection in Normandy 126 John Duke of Bragansa made King of Portugal 130 His Letter to the K. of Spain 131 Saint John de Luz taken by the Spaniard 114 The Isles of Saint Margarita and Saint Honorat taken by the Spaniard 112 Repris'd by the French 115 Italian predictions of Henry the Greats death 4 K Kings presence oft-times advantagious 20 Kings of France majors when as high as a sword 21 New Knights of the Holy Spirit 46 L Landrecy taken by the Duke de la Valette 115 Letter of the King of Spain to the Duke of Bragansa 130 Letter of King James to the French King 63 Letter from Richelieu to the Q. Mother 160 Letters interchangeable 'twixt Buckingham and Toiras 83 Letter from Condé to the Queen Mother 18 Letter from the Queen Mother to Condé 19 Letter from the Queen at her first arrivall in France to the King 31 Letters from the King to Monsieur 104 Letters from the King to the Duke of Halluin 116 Letters from the King to Condé 47 Letters to Toiras against the English 82 The Duke of Lerma marrieth the Infanta for the King of France 31 Lewis the Thirteenth his inclination and sports when young 3 His minority 5 His solemn coronation 10 His majority declar'd by Parlement 21 His gracious declaration to the Princes 35 His speech to his Mother after d' Ancres death 39 He beds with the Queen 43 A clash 'twixt him and the Parlement at Paris 47 His exploits in Bearn 50 His Protest to the Assembly of Notables 75 His answer to the Rochelers when they yeelded 86 He crosseth the Alps in Winter 87 Hath a shrewd fit of sicknes 96 His harsh answer to them of the Religion 62 His harsh Declaration against his Mother 99 His Declaration against Spain 100 His speech to the Palsgrave 127 His speech to the D. of Lorain 132 reduc'd to a great straight 32 He protects the Catalan 134 His death with the circumstances thereof 135 Examples of his piety 139 Divers speeches of his 139 His chastity and constancy 140 His exploits run over 142 Did greater things then Henry the Great 143 Divers things objected against him 141 Duke of Longuevill in arms 18 L'esdiguiers made Constable 59 Luynes put first to the King 3 Incenses the K. against d'Ancre 38 Hath Ancres estate given him and made Constable 52 A clash twixt him and Sir Ed. Herbert then Lo Ambassadour now Baron of Cherbery 55 A Dialogue between them 55 How worthily the English Ambassador compos'd himself 56 Luynes dieth of the Plague in the Army 58 His Legend 59 Duke of Lorain meets the King at Metz. 101 Duke of Lorain waves the performance of homage for the Duchy of Bar. 106 His complement to the King 106 He comes to Paris 132 Monsieur de Lien Cour Governor of Paris 29 M Marie de Medici declar'd Queen Regent by Parlement 5 Her speech upon the resignation of the Government 22 Her discours with Marossan about her escape 45 The first war with her son 44 The second war with her son 48 The beginning of her aversenes to the Cardinal 96 The causes of it 98 Her complaint against him 99 She returns to Flanders in discontent 99 Thence to Holland and so to England then to Colen where she died 133 Her high qualities 134 Mariana's opinion touching Kings protested against in Paris 9 Q. Margaret de Valois dieth her Character 26 Moderation the true rule of wisdom 13 Mazarini makes a peace in Italy 96 Monsieur maried to the Duke of Monpensiers daughter 72 His complement to her 73 He falls in love with the Duke of Montava's daughter and being cross'd flies to Lorain 92 Flies again to Lorain 103 He entreth France with an Army of strangers 103 His high propositions to his brother 104 Flies the third time to Lorain 105 Marieth the Lady Margaret the Duke of Lorains sister goes then to Flanders whence at the Infante Cardinals approach he steales away to France 106 Duke of Monmorency joyn's with Monsieur is defeated by Schomberg 104 Is beheaded at Tholouze 105 Morocco Ambassador in Paris his credential Letter 102 Montauban the last Town of them of the Religion which submitted 91 Monpellier capitulats by the Duke of Rohans advice 60 Morgard the Astrologer made Gallislave 14 N Nancy given up to the French 106 The Nature of the Spaniard in adversity 131 The Nonage of Lewis the Thirteenth 5 The Nonage of Lewis the Fourteenth now King 135 O The Oath the Queen of Englands French servants were to take 65 Open hostility 'twixt France and Spain pronounc'd by Herauld 111 Saint Omer besieged by the French who were forc'd to retire 123 Octavio Lassani an Astrologer his prediction of the Duke of Savoy's death 94 Obelisks and triumphant Arches in Rome in joy of the Dauphins Nativity 125 Oxenstern Ambassador in France 112 The Outrages the French committed at Tillemont 112 P Paris in great fear 114 Parlement of England superiour to the Assembly of the three Estates of France in numbers and state 23 Perrons prudent cariage in the great Assembly 24 Pensions of the Crown of France 27 Pasquills upon the Gates of the Louur 40 Pasquill upon the Cardinals gates 168 Pasquill in Rome of the King and the Cardinal 168 The old Parlement of France turn'd now to an Assembly of Notables 74 Peace renew'd by the intervention of the Venetian and proclaim'd at Privas 'twixt England and France 88 Pignerol taken by the Cardinal 94 Pignerol sold to the French King 97 The Parlement of Paris suspends the verification of the Kings Declaration against Monsieur and is sharply rebuk'd 98 The Palsgrave prisoner in France releas'd and the Kings speech unto him 127 Philipsburg taken by the Spaniard 108