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be_v no_o lady_n by_o the_o law_n although_o so_o call_v of_o courtesy_n it_o be_v avoidable_a after_o the_o husband_n death_n except_o it_o be_v for_o xxi_o year_n or_o three_o life_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n or_o except_o they_o levy_v a_o fine_a she_o be_v endow_v at_o y_z e_z discretion_n of_o the_o sheriff_n except_o in_o few_o case_n litleton_n do_v not_o interpret_v the_o word_n feodu_fw-fr simple_o but_o rather_o define_v or_o describe_v the_o nature_n thereof_o litleton_n see_v in_o the_o tongue_n as_o sir_n thomas_n smith_n be_v in_o litleton_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v try_v in_o the_o temporal_a court_n
of_o family_n together_o within_o themselves_o how_o to_o demean_v and_o order_v their_o matter_n best_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o themselves_o and_o each_o of_o their_o family_n general_o and_o particular_o thus_o a_o few_o be_v head_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o family_n equal_a in_o birth_n and_o nobility_n and_o not_o much_o different_a in_o riches_n govern_v their_o own_o house_n and_o the_o descendentes_fw-la of_o they_o particular_o and_o consult_v in_o common_a upon_o public_a cause_n agree_v also_o upon_o certain_a law_n and_o order_n to_o be_v keep_v among_o they_o so_o the_o best_a chief_a and_o sage_a do_v rule_v and_o other_o part_n have_v no_o cause_n to_o strive_v with_o they_o nor_o have_v no_o cause_n nor_o appearance_n to_o compare_v with_o any_o of_o they_o neither_o for_o age_n nor_o discretion_n nor_o for_o riches_n or_o nobility_n the_o ruler_n seek_v each_o to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v their_o posterity_n as_o their_o son_n and_o nephew_n and_o such_o as_o shall_v succeed_v they_o and_o carry_v their_o name_n when_o they_o be_v dead_a and_o so_o render_v they_o be_v mortal_a by_o nature_n immortal_a by_o their_o fame_n and_o succession_n of_o posterity_n have_v most_o earnest_a care_n to_o maintain_v still_o this_o their_o cousinage_n and_o common_a family_n aswell_o against_o foreign_a and_o barbarous_a nation_n which_o be_v not_o of_o their_o progeny_n tongue_n or_o religion_n as_o against_o wild_a and_o sanage_v beast_n this_o seem_v the_o natural_a source_n and_o beginning_n or_o image_n of_o that_o rule_n of_o the_o few_o number_n which_o be_v call_v of_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o of_o the_o latin_n optimatum_fw-la respublica_fw-la the_o first_o original_a or_o beginning_n of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o multitude_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d chap._n 14._o now_o as_o time_n bring_v a_o end_n of_o all_o thing_n these_o brethren_n be_v all_o dead_a and_o their_o offpring_n increase_a daily_o to_o a_o great_a multitude_n and_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o the_o old_a father_n in_o such_o and_o so_o great_a number_n of_o equal_n fail_v by_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o death_n or_o dote_v of_o the_o elder_n each_o owe_v their_o merit_n of_o education_n apart_o to_o their_o father_n and_o grandfather_n and_o so_o many_o arise_v and_o such_o equality_n among_o they_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v content_a to_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o few_o for_o two_o thing_n be_v such_o as_o for_o the_o which_o man_n in_o society_n and_o league_n do_v most_o strive_v that_o be_v honour_n and_o profit_n no_o man_n of_o free_a courage_n can_v be_v content_v to_o be_v neglect_v therein_o so_o that_o they_o be_v fain_o of_o necessity_n to_o come_v to_o that_o that_o the_o more_o part_n shall_v bear_v the_o price_n away_o in_o election_n of_o magistrate_n and_o ruler_n so_o that_o either_o by_o course_n or_o by_o lot_n each_o man_n in_o turn_n may_v be_v receive_v to_o bear_v rule_n and_o have_v his_o part_n of_o the_o honour_n and_o if_o any_o be_v of_o the_o profit_n which_o come_v by_o administration_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n for_o whosoever_o come_v of_o that_o old_a great_a grandfather_n race_n he_o account_v himself_o as_o good_a of_o birth_n as_o any_o other_o for_o service_n to_o the_o common_a wealth_n all_o or_o such_o a_o number_n have_v do_v it_o as_o they_o can_v not_o be_v account_v few_o and_o if_o a_o few_o will_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o usurp_v over_o the_o rest_n the_o rest_n conspire_v together_o will_v soon_o be_v master_n over_o they_o and_o ruinate_v they_o whole_o whereupon_o necessary_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o common_a wealth_n must_v turn_v and_o alter_v as_o before_o from_o one_o to_o a_o few_o so_o now_o from_o a_o few_o to_o many_o and_o the_o most_o part_n each_o of_o these_o yet_o willing_a to_o save_v the_o politic_a body_n to_o conserve_v the_o authority_n of_o their_o nation_n to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o all_o other_o their_o strife_n be_v only_o for_o empire_n and_o rule_n and_o who_o shall_v do_v best_a for_o common_a wealth_n whereof_o they_o will_v have_v experience_n make_v by_o bear_v office_n and_o be_v magistrate_n this_o i_o take_v for_o the_o first_o and_o natural_a beginning_n of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o latin_n some_o republica_n by_o the_o general_a name_n some_o populi_fw-la potestas_fw-la some_o census_fw-la potestas_fw-la i_o can_v tell_v how_o latine_o that_o the_o common_a wealth_n or_o policy_n must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n chap._n 15._o by_o this_o process_n and_o discourse_n it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o mutation_n &_o change_n of_o fashion_n of_o government_n in_o common_a wealth_n be_v natural_a &_o do_v not_o always_o come_v of_o ambition_n or_o malice_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n so_o the_o common_a wealth_n be_v to_o it_o sit_v &_o proper_a and_o as_o all_o these_o three_o kind_n of_o common_a wealth_n be_v natural_a so_o when_o to_o each_o party_n or_o espece_n and_o kind_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v apply_v which_o best_o agree_v like_o a_o garment_n to_o the_o body_n or_o shoe_n to_o the_o foot_n than_o the_o body_n politic_a be_v in_o quiet_a &_o find_v ease_n pleasure_n and_o profit_n but_o if_o a_o contrary_a form_n be_v give_v to_o a_o contrary_a manner_n of_o people_n as_o when_o the_o shoe_n be_v too_o little_a or_o too_o great_a for_o the_o foot_n it_o do_v hurt_v and_o encumber_v the_o convenient_a use_n thereof_o so_o the_o free_a people_n of_o nature_n tyrannize_v or_o rule_v by_o one_o against_o their_o will_n be_v he_o never_o so_o good_a either_o fail_n of_o courage_n and_o be_v servile_a or_o never_o rest_v until_o they_o either_o destroy_v their_o king_n and_o they_o that_o will_v subdue_v they_o or_o be_v destroy_v themselves_o and_o again_o another_o sort_n there_o be_v which_o without_o be_v rule_v by_o onâ—e_a prince_n but_o set_v at_o liberty_n can_v tell_v what_o they_o shall_v do_v but_o either_o through_o insolency_n pride_n and_o idleness_n will_v fall_v to_o robbery_n and_o all_o mischief_n and_o to_o scatter_v and_o dissolve_v themselves_o or_o with_o foolish_a ambition_n and_o private_a strife_n consume_v one_o another_o and_o bring_v themselves_o to_o nothing_o of_o both_o these_o two_o we_o have_v history_n enough_o to_o bear_v witness_n as_o the_o greek_n roman_n samnite_n dane_n uandal_n and_o other_o yet_o must_v you_o not_o think_v that_o all_o common_a wealth_n administration_n and_o rulinge_n begin_v on_o this_o sort_n by_o provine_v or_o propagation_n as_o be_v before_o write_v but_o many_o time_n after_o a_o great_a battle_n and_o long_a war_n the_o captain_n who_o lead_v a_o multitude_n of_o people_n gather_v peradventure_o of_o diverse_a nation_n &_o language_n like_v y_o e_o place_n which_o he_o have_v by_o force_n conquer_v tarry_v there_o &_o begin_v a_o common_a wealth_n after_o this_o manner_n &_o for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o kingdom_n as_o the_o goth_n &_o lombard_n in_o italy_n the_o frenchman_n in_o gaul_n the_o saracen_n in_o spain_n and_o part_n of_o france_n the_o saxon_n in_o great_a britain_n which_o be_v now_o call_v england_n of_o which_o when_o that_o one_o and_o chief_a prince_n be_v dead_a the_o noble_a sort_n consult_v among_o themselves_o and_o either_o choose_v a_o other_o head_n and_o king_n or_o divide_v it_o into_o more_o head_n &_o ruler_n so_o do_v the_o lumbards_n in_o italy_n and_o the_o saxon_n in_o england_n or_o take_v at_o the_o first_o a_o common_a rule_n &_o popular_a estate_n as_o the_o zwiser_n do_v in_o their_o cantous_a &_o do_v yet_o at_o this_o day_n or_o else_o admit_v the_o rule_n of_o a_o certain_a few_o exclude_v the_o multitude_n and_o commonalty_n as_o the_o paduan_n veronenses_n and_o venetian_n have_v accustom_v the_o division_n of_o the_o part_n and_o person_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n chap._n 16._o to_o make_v all_o thing_n yet_o clear_a before_o as_o we_o shall_v go_v there_o arise_v another_o division_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n for_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o say_v that_o it_o consist_v of_o a_o multitude_n of_o house_n &_o family_n which_o make_v stretes_n &_o village_n &_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o stretes_n &_o village_n make_v town_n and_o the_o multitude_n of_o town_n the_o realm_n &_o that_o freeman_n be_v consider_v only_o in_o this_o behalf_n as_o subject_n &_o citizen_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n &_o not_o bondman_n who_o can_v bear_v no_o rule_n nor_o jurisdiction_n over_o freeman_n as_o they_o who_o be_v take_v but_o as_o instrument_n &_o the_o good_n and_o possession_n of_o other_o in_o which_o consideration_n
concern_v such_o a_o matter_n say_v yea_o then_o they_o which_o allow_v the_o bill_n cry_v yea_o and_o as_o many_o as_o will_v not_o say_v no_o as_o the_o cry_n of_o yea_o or_o no_o be_v big_a so_o the_o bill_n be_v allow_v or_o dash_v if_o it_o be_v a_o doubt_n which_o cry_n be_v the_o big_a they_o divide_v the_o house_n the_o speaker_n say_v as_o many_o as_o do_v alow_o the_o bill_n go_v down_o with_o the_o bill_n and_o as_o many_o as_o do_v not_o sit_v still_o so_o they_o divide_v themselves_o and_o be_v so_o divide_v they_o be_v number_v who_o make_v the_o more_o part_n and_o so_o the_o bill_n do_v speed_n it_o chance_v sometime_o that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v allow_v some_o other_o part_n have_v much_o contrariety_n and_o doubt_n make_v of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v think_v if_o it_o be_v amend_v it_o will_v go_v forward_o then_o they_o choose_v certain_a committee_n of_o they_o who_o have_v speak_v with_o the_o bill_n &_o against_o it_o to_o amend_v it_o and_o bring_v it_o in_o again_o so_o amend_v as_o they_o amongst_o they_o shall_v think_v meet_a and_o this_o be_v before_o it_o be_v engross_v yea_o &_o some_o time_n after_o but_o y_o e_o agreement_n of_o these_o committee_n be_v no_o prejudice_n to_o the_o house_n for_o at_o the_o last_o question_n they_o will_v either_o accept_v it_o or_o dash_v it_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v good_a notwithstanding_o you_o â—_o whatsoever_o the_o committee_n have_v do_v thus_o no_o bill_n be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n ordinance_n or_o edict_n of_o law_n until_o both_o the_o house_n severallie_o have_v agree_v unto_o it_o after_o the_o order_n aforesaid_a no_o nor_o then_o neither_o but_o the_o last_o day_n of_o that_o parliament_n or_o session_n the_o prince_n come_v in_o person_n in_o his_o parliament_n robe_n and_o sit_v in_o his_o state_n all_o the_o upper_a house_n sit_v about_o the_o prince_n in_o their_o state_n and_o order_n in_o their_o robe_n the_o speaker_n with_o all_o the_o common_a house_n come_v to_o the_o bar_n and_o there_o after_o thankesgve_v first_o in_o the_o lord_n name_n by_o the_o chaunceller_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o commons_o name_n by_o the_o speaker_n to_o the_o prince_n for_o that_o he_o have_v so_o great_a care_n of_o the_o good_a government_n of_o his_o people_n and_o for_o call_v they_o together_o to_o advise_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v for_o the_o reformation_n establish_v &_o ornament_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n the_o chaunceller_n in_o y_z e_z prince_n name_n give_v thanks_n to_o the_o lord_n &_o commons_n for_o their_o pain_n and_o travail_n take_v which_o he_o say_v the_o prince_n will_v remember_v and_o recompense_v when_o time_n and_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v and_o y_fw-fr â—_o he_o for_o his_o part_n be_v ready_a to_o declare_v his_o pleasure_n concern_v their_o proceed_n whereby_o the_o same_o may_v have_v perfect_a life_n &_o accomplishment_n by_o his_o princely_a authority_n and_o so_o have_v the_o whole_a consent_n of_o the_o realm_n than_o one_o read_v the_o title_n of_o every_o act_n which_o have_v pass_v at_o that_o session_n but_o only_o in_o this_o fashion_n a_o act_n concern_v such_o a_o thing_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v mark_v there_o what_o the_o prince_n do_v allow_v and_o to_o such_o he_o say_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr or_o la_fw-fr royne_n le_fw-fr veult_n and_o those_o be_v take_v now_o as_o perfect_a law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o none_o other_o and_o as_o short_o as_o may_v be_v put_v in_o print_n except_o it_o be_v some_o private_a cause_n or_o law_n make_v for_o the_o benefit_n or_o prejudice_n of_o some_o private_a man_n which_o the_o roman_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v privilegia_fw-la these_o be_v only_o exemplify_v under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_v not_o print_v to_o those_o which_o the_o prince_n like_v not_o he_o answer_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr or_o la_fw-fr royne_n saduisera_fw-la &_o those_o be_v account_v utter_o dash_v and_o of_o no_o effect_n this_o be_v the_o order_n and_o form_n of_o the_o high_a and_o most_o authentical_a court_n of_o england_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o all_o those_o thing_n be_v establish_v whereof_o i_o speak_v before_o and_o no_o other_o mean_n account_v available_a to_o make_v any_o new_a forfeiture_n of_o life_n member_n or_o land_n of_o any_o english_a man_n where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n ordain_v for_o it_o before_o now_o let_v we_o speak_v of_o the_o say_a part_n when_o they_o be_v several_a of_o the_o monarch_n king_n or_o queen_n of_o england_n chap._n 3._o the_o prince_n who_o i_o now_o call_v as_o i_o have_v often_o before_o the_o monarch_n of_o england_n king_n or_o queen_n have_v absolute_o in_o his_o power_n the_o authority_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n to_o defy_v what_o prince_n it_o shall_v please_v he_o and_o to_o bid_v he_o war_n and_o again_o to_o reconcile_v himself_o and_o enter_v into_o league_n or_o truce_n with_o he_o at_o his_o pleasure_n or_o the_o advice_n only_o of_o his_o privy_a counsel_n his_o privy_a counsel_n be_v choose_v also_o at_o the_o prince_n pleasure_n out_o of_o the_o nobility_n or_o barony_n and_o of_o the_o knight_n and_o esquire_n such_o and_o so_o many_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v good_a who_o do_v consult_v daily_o or_o when_o need_n be_v of_o the_o weighty_a matter_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o give_v therein_o to_o their_o prince_n the_o best_a advice_n they_o can_v the_o prince_n do_v participate_v to_o they_o all_o or_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v good_a such_o legation_n and_o message_n as_o come_v from_o foreign_a prince_n such_o letter_n or_o occurrentes_fw-la as_o be_v send_v to_o himself_o or_o to_o his_o secretary_n and_o keep_v so_o many_o ambassade_n and_o letter_n send_v unto_o he_o secret_a as_o he_o will_v although_o these_o have_v a_o particular_a oath_n of_o a_o counsellor_n touch_v faith_n and_o secret_n administer_v unto_o they_o when_o they_o be_v first_o admit_v into_o that_o company_n so_o that_o herein_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v far_o more_o absolute_a than_o either_o the_o dukedom_n of_o venice_n be_v or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v in_o war_n time_n &_o in_o the_o field_n the_o prince_n have_v also_o absolute_a power_n so_o that_o his_o word_n be_v a_o law_n he_o may_v put_v to_o death_n or_o to_o other_o bodily_a punishment_n who_o he_o shall_v think_v so_o to_o deserve_v without_o process_n of_o law_n or_o form_n of_o judgement_n this_o have_v be_v sometime_o use_v within_o the_o realm_n before_o any_o open_a war_n in_o sodden_a insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n but_o that_o not_o allow_v of_o wise_a and_o grave_a man_n who_o in_o that_o their_o judgement_n have_v consideration_n of_o the_o consequence_n and_o example_n much_o as_n of_o the_o present_a necessity_n especial_o when_o by_o any_o mean_v the_o punishment_n may_v have_v be_v do_v by_o order_n of_o law_n this_o absolute_a power_n be_v call_v martial_a law_n and_o ever_o be_v and_o necessary_o must_v be_v use_v in_o all_o camp_n and_o host_n of_o man_n where_o the_o time_n nor_o place_n do_v suffer_v the_o tarriance_n of_o plead_v and_o process_n be_v it_o never_o so_o short_a and_o the_o important_a necessity_n require_v speedy_a execution_n that_o with_o more_o awe_n the_o soldier_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o more_o straight_a obedience_n without_o which_o never_o captain_n can_v do_v any_o thing_n vaileable_a in_o the_o war_n the_o prince_n use_v also_o absolute_a power_n in_o cry_v and_o decree_a the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o his_o proclamation_n only_o the_o money_n be_v always_o stamp_v with_o the_o pinces_n image_n and_o title_n the_o form_n fashion_n manner_n weight_n fineness_n and_o baseness_n thereof_o be_v at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o prince_n for_o who_o shall_v the_o people_n trust_v more_o in_o that_o matter_n than_o their_o prince_n see_v the_o coin_n be_v only_o to_o certify_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o mettle_n and_o the_o weight_n which_o be_v affirm_v by_o the_o princess_n image_n and_o mark_n but_o if_o the_o prince_n will_v deceive_v they_o and_o give_v copper_n for_o silver_n or_o gold_n or_o enhance_v his_o coin_n more_o than_o it_o be_v worth_a he_o be_v deceive_v himself_o as_o well_o as_o he_o do_v go_v about_o to_o deceive_v his_o subject_n for_o in_o the_o same_o sort_n they_o pay_v the_o prince_n his_o rent_n and_o custom_n and_o in_o time_n they_o will_v make_v he_o pay_v rateable_o or_o more_o for_o meat_n drink_n and_o victual_n for_o he_o and_o he_o and_o for_o their_o labour_n which_o experience_n do_v teach_v we_o now_o in_o our_o day_n to_o be_v do_v in_o all_o region_n for_o there_o ever_o have_v be_v &_o ever_o will_v be_v
many_o thing_n different_a from_o the_o fashion_n use_v either_o in_o france_n or_o in_o italy_n or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n where_o the_o emperor_n law_n and_o constitution_n call_v the_o civil_a law_n be_v put_v in_o use_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a here_o to_o make_v a_o little_a digression_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o that_o which_o be_v say_v hereafter_o may_v be_v better_o understand_v all_o pursuite_n and_o action_n we_o call_v they_o in_o our_o english_a tongue_n plea_n and_o in_o barbarous_a but_o now_o usual_a latin_n placita_fw-la take_v that_o name_n abusive_a of_o the_o definitive_a sentence_n which_o may_v well_o be_v call_v placitum_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o french_a use_v the_o same_o call_n in_o their_o language_n the_o sentence_n of_o their_o judge_n areste_fw-fr or_o arrest_v in_o which_o word_n notwithstanding_o after_o their_o custom_n they_o do_v not_o find_v the_o s._n but_o we_o call_v placitum_fw-la the_o action_n not_o the_o sentence_n and_o placitare_fw-la barbarouslie_o or_o to_o plead_v in_o english_a agere_fw-la or_o litigare_fw-la now_o in_o all_o judgement_n necessary_o be_v two_o party_n the_o first_o we_o call_v the_o impleader_n suitor_n demaunder_n or_o demaundaunt_a and_o plaintiff_n in_o criminal_a cause_n if_o he_o profess_v to_o be_v a_o accuser_n we_o call_v he_o appellant_n or_o appellour_n and_o so_o accusation_n we_o call_v appeal_v the_o other_o we_o call_v the_o defendant_n and_o in_o criminal_a cause_n prisoner_n for_o he_o can_v answer_v in_o cause_n criminal_a before_o he_o do_v render_v himself_o or_o be_v render_v prisoner_n index_n be_v of_o we_o call_v judge_n but_o our_o fashion_n be_v so_o diverse_a that_o they_o which_o give_v the_o deadly_a stroke_n and_o either_o condemn_v or_o acquit_v the_o man_n for_o guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a be_v not_o call_v judge_n but_o the_o twelve_o man_n and_o the_o same_o order_n aswell_o be_v in_o civil_a matter_n and_o pecuniary_a as_o in_o matter_n criminal_a of_o plea_n or_o action_n chap._n 9_o plea_n or_o action_n criminal_a be_v in_o english_a call_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v all_o those_o which_o tend_v to_o take_v away_o a_o man_n life_n or_o any_o member_n of_o he_o for_o his_o evil_n deserve_v against_o the_o prince_n and_o common_a wealth_n and_o this_o name_n be_v give_v not_o without_o a_o cause_n for_o take_v this_o for_o a_o principle_n that_o the_o life_n and_o member_n of_o a_o englishman_n be_v in_o the_o power_n only_o of_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o law_n when_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n be_v spoil_v either_o of_o life_n or_o member_n the_o prince_n be_v endamage_v thereby_o and_o have_v good_a cause_n to_o ask_v account_n how_o his_o subject_n shall_v come_v to_o that_o mischief_n and_o again_o for_o so_o much_o as_o the_o prince_n who_o govern_v the_o sceptre_n and_o hold_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v this_o in_o his_o care_n and_o charge_n to_o see_v the_o realm_n well_o govern_v the_o life_n member_n and_o possession_n of_o his_o subject_n keep_v in_o peace_n and_o assurance_n he_o that_o by_o violence_n shall_v attempt_v to_o break_v that_o peace_n and_o assurance_n have_v forfeit_v against_o the_o sceptre_n and_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o not_o without_o a_o cause_n in_o all_o inquisition_n and_o inditemente_n if_o any_o be_v find_v by_o the_o twelve_o man_n to_o have_v offend_v in_o that_o behalf_n straight_o the_o prince_n be_v say_v to_o be_v party_n and_o he_o that_o shall_v speak_v for_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v rebuke_v as_o speak_v against_o the_o prince_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v never_o defend_v but_o the_o prisoner_n and_o party_n defendant_n in_o any_o cause_n may_v allege_v for_o he_o all_o the_o reason_n mean_n and_o defence_n that_o he_o can_v and_o shall_v be_v peaceable_o hear_v and_o quiet_o but_o in_o those_o plea_n &_o pursuite_n of_o the_o crown_n procurer_n or_o advocate_n he_o get_v none_o plea._n which_o in_o civil_a and_o pecuniary_a matter_n be_v it_o for_o land_n rent_n right_a or_o possession_n although_o he_o plead_v against_o the_o prince_n himself_o be_v never_o deny_v plea_n civil_a be_v either_o personal_a or_o real_a personal_a as_o contract_n or_o for_o injury_n precept_n real_a be_v either_o possessory_a to_o ask_v or_o to_o keep_v the_o possession_n or_o in_o rem_fw-la which_o we_o call_v a_o write_v of_o right_a for_o that_o which_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v call_v actio_fw-la or_o formula_fw-la we_o call_v write_v in_o english_a so_o the_o greek_n call_v it_o word_n for_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o our_o barbarous_a latin_a we_o name_v it_o breve_fw-la and_o as_o the_o old_a roman_n have_v their_o action_n some_o ex_fw-la jure_fw-la civili_fw-la and_o some_o ex_fw-la jure_fw-la praetorio_fw-la and_o ordinary_o praetor_n dabat_fw-la actiones_fw-la &_o formulas_fw-la actionum_fw-la so_o in_o england_n we_o retain_v still_o this_o and_o have_v some_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n other_o out_o of_o the_o common_a place_n or_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o the_o chief_a tribunal_n bench_n or_o court_n of_o england_n chap._n 10._o in_o time_n past_a as_o may_v appear_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v with_o judgement_n read_v the_o history_n and_o antiquite_v of_o england_n the_o court_n and_o bench_n follow_v the_o king_n and_o his_o court_n wheresoever_o he_o go_v especial_o short_o after_o the_o conquest_n which_o thing_n be_v find_v very_o cumbersome_a painful_a and_o chargeable_a to_o the_o people_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o parliament_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o stand_a place_n where_o judgement_n shall_v be_v give_v and_o it_o have_v long_a time_n be_v use_v in_o westminster_n hall_n which_o king_n william_n rufus_n build_v for_o the_o hall_n of_o his_o own_o house_n in_o that_o hall_n be_v ordinary_o see_v 3._o tribunal_n or_o judge_n seat_n at_o the_o entry_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o common_a place_n where_o civil_a matter_n be_v to_o be_v plead_v special_o such_o as_o touch_v land_n or_o contract_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o hall_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o king_n bench_n where_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n have_v their_o place_n and_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n sit_v the_o chancellor_n accompany_v with_o the_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n who_o in_o latin_a may_v be_v call_v custos_fw-la archivorum_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o certain_a man_n learn_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v master_n of_o the_o chancery_n in_o latin_a they_o may_v be_v name_v assessores_fw-la of_o the_o time_n of_o plead_v call_v term_n &_o of_o the_o chancellor_n and_o chancery_n chap._n ii_o two_o thing_n may_v be_v move_v in_o question_n here_o how_o all_o england_n be_v so_o long_o and_o so_o large_a and_o have_v so_o many_o shire_n and_o province_n therein_o can_v be_v answer_v of_o justice_n in_o one_o place_n and_o in_o 3._o bench_n be_v they_o never_o so_o great_a a_o other_o whereas_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v exercise_v in_o criminal_a cause_n and_o in_o all_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o common_a place_n in_o all_o civil_a cause_n real_a and_o personal_a what_o place_n then_o have_v the_o chancery_n the_o first_o question_n will_v seem_v more_o marvellous_a and_o have_v more_o occasion_n of_o doubt_n when_o i_o shall_v also_o tell_v that_o the_o law_n be_v not_o open_a at_o all_o time_n no_o not_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o year_n but_o where_o all_o other_o city_n and_o common_a wealth_n have_v all_o the_o year_n plea_n suit_n and_o judgement_n except_o for_o certain_a holy_a day_n and_o harvest_n and_o vintage_n or_o when_o for_o some_o urgent_a cause_n the_o law_n be_v command_v to_o be_v stop_v which_o be_v call_v justitium_fw-la contrary_a in_o we_o it_o be_v but_o few_o time_n open_a that_o be_v only_o four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n which_o they_o call_v term_n after_o michaelmas_n about_o ten_o day_n during_o five_o or_o six_o week_n at_o the_o least_o after_o christmas_n about_o a_o month_n endure_v by_o the_o space_n of_o three_o week_n then_o from_o xvij_o day_n after_o easter_n by_o the_o space_n of_o three_o week_n &_o odd_a day_n likewise_o from_o the_o sixth_o or_o seven_o day_n after_o trinity_n sunday_n during_o two_o week_n and_o odd_a day_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n there_o be_v no_o plead_n enter_v nor_o pursue_v of_o action_n this_o small_a time_n and_o all_o that_o but_o in_o one_o place_n may_v seem_v verse_n injurious_a to_o the_o people_n who_o must_v be_v fain_o to_o suffer_v much_o wrong_n for_o lack_n of_o justice_n and_o of_o place_n and_o time_n to_o plead_v but_o unto_o that_o hereafter_o i_o intend_v to_o answer_v more_o full_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n that_o shall_v suffice_v which_o the_o wise_a cato_n answer_v to_o one_o who_o move_v that_o the_o
plead_a place_n in_o rome_n may_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o canvas_n as_o their_o theater_n be_v to_o the_o intent_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendaunte_n that_o be_v there_o may_v plead_v their_o matter_n more_o at_o ease_n and_o not_o be_v in_o so_o much_o danger_n of_o their_o health_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n strike_v full_a and_o open_a upon_o their_o head_n which_o be_v no_o small_a grief_n and_o disease_n special_o at_o rome_n nay_o say_v cato_n for_o my_o part_n i_o have_v rather_o with_o that_o all_o the_o way_n to_o the_o place_n of_o plead_v be_v cast_v over_o with_o galthrop_n that_o the_o foot_n of_o such_o as_o love_v so_o well_o plead_v shall_v feel_v so_o much_o pain_n of_o those_o prick_v in_o go_v thither_o as_o their_o head_n do_v of_o the_o sun_n in_o tarry_v there_o he_o mean_v that_o they_o be_v but_o idle_a hot_a head_n busy_a body_n and_o troublesome_a man_n in_o the_o common_a wealth_n that_o do_v so_o nourish_v plead_v good_a labourer_n and_o quiet_a man_n can_v be_v content_a to_o end_v their_o matter_n at_o home_n by_o judgement_n of_o their_o neighbour_n and_o kinsfolk_n without_o spend_v so_o their_o money_n upon_o procurer_n and_o advocate_n who_o we_o call_v attorney_n counsellor_n sergeant_n and_o general_o man_n of_o law_n those_o be_v account_v profitable_a citizen_n who_o attend_v their_o honest_a labour_n and_o business_n at_o home_n and_o not_o stand_v wait_v and_o gape_v upon_o their_o roll_n and_o process_n in_o the_o law_n as_o for_o the_o other_o by_o his_o judgement_n it_o be_v no_o matter_n what_o mischief_n they_o suffer_v to_o the_o other_o question_n of_o the_o chancery_n this_o i_o answer_v that_o our_o law_n which_o be_v call_v of_o we_o the_o common_a law_n as_o you_o will_v say_v ius_n civil_a be_v and_o stand_v upon_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v ius_n summum_fw-la and_o their_o maximee_n be_v take_v so_o straitlie_o that_o they_o may_v not_o depart_v from_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n even_o as_o the_o old_a civil_a law_n be_v and_o therefore_o as_o that_o lack_v the_o help_n of_o a_o praetor_n which_o may_v moderari_fw-la illud_fw-la ius_fw-la summum_fw-la give_v action_n where_o none_o be_v mitigate_v the_o exactness_n and_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n write_v give_v exception_n as_o metus_fw-la doli_fw-la mali_fw-la minoris_fw-la aetatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o remedy_n and_o maintain_v always_o aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la the_o same_o order_n and_o rank_n hold_v our_o chancery_n and_o the_o chancellor_n have_v the_o very_a authority_n herein_o as_o have_v the_o praeter_fw-la in_o the_o old_a civil_a law_n before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n so_o he_o that_o put_v up_o his_o bill_n in_o the_o chancery_n after_o that_o he_o have_v declare_v the_o mischief_n wherein_o he_o be_v have_v relief_n as_o in_o the_o solemn_a forum_n and_o for_o so_o much_o as_o in_o this_o case_n he_o be_v without_o remedy_n in_o the_o common_a law_n therefore_o he_o require_v the_o chancellor_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o reason_n to_o provide_v for_o he_o and_o to_o take_v such_o order_n as_o to_o good_a conscience_n shall_v appertain_v and_o the_o court_n of_o the_o chancery_n be_v call_v of_o the_o common_a people_n the_o court_n of_o conscience_n because_o that_o the_o chancellor_n be_v not_o strain_v by_o rigour_n or_o form_n of_o word_n of_o law_n to_o judge_v but_o ex_fw-la aequo_fw-la and_o bono_fw-mi and_o according_a to_o conscience_n as_o i_o have_v say_v and_o in_o this_o court_n the_o usual_a and_o proper_a form_n of_o plead_v of_o england_n be_v not_o use_v but_o the_o form_n of_o plead_v by_o writing_n which_o be_v use_v in_o other_o country_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o trial_n be_v not_o by_o xij_o man_n but_o by_o the_o examination_n of_o witness_n as_o in_o other_o court_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o judge_n in_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o trial_n and_o plead_v there_o chap._n 12._o the_o prince_n out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o those_o who_o have_v be_v counsellor_n or_o sergeant_n at_o the_o law_n which_o be_v those_o who_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v causidici_fw-la or_o advocati_fw-la choose_v two_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a for_o learning_n age_n discretion_n and_o exercise_n of_o who_o the_o one_o be_v call_v chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n or_o simple_o chief_a justice_n the_o other_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a place_n and_o other_o to_o the_o number_n of_o six_o or_o more_o which_o have_v each_o a_o ordinary_a fee_n or_o stipend_n of_o the_o prince_n these_o do_v sit_v at_o such_o day_n as_o be_v term_n which_o may_v be_v call_v dies_fw-la legitimi_fw-la iuridici_fw-la or_o fasti_fw-la in_o their_o distinct_a place_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o there_o they_o hear_v the_o plead_n of_o all_o matter_n which_o do_v come_v before_o they_o and_o in_o civil_a matter_n where_o the_o plead_n be_v for_o money_n or_o land_n or_o possession_n part_n by_o writing_n and_o part_n by_o declaration_n and_o altercation_n of_o the_o advocate_n the_o one_o with_o other_o it_o do_v so_o proceed_v before_o they_o till_o it_o do_v come_v to_o the_o issue_n which_o the_o latins_n do_v call_v statum_fw-la causae_fw-la i_o do_v not_o mean_v contestationem_fw-la litis_fw-la but_o as_o the_o rhetoritian_n do_v call_v statum_fw-la we_o do_v most_o proper_o call_v it_o the_o issue_n for_o there_o be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o debate_n and_o strife_n remain_v as_o a_o water_n hold_v in_o a_o close_a and_o dark_a vessel_n issue_v out_o be_v void_v and_o empty_v and_o not_o where_o else_o that_o stroke_n well_o strike_v be_v the_o depart_n of_o all_o the_o quarrel_n issue_n or_o status_fw-la in_o our_o law_n be_v ordinary_o two_o facti_fw-la and_o iuris_fw-la of_o the_o two_o manner_n of_o issue_n chap._n 13._o if_o the_o question_n be_v of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v if_o both_o the_o party_n do_v agree_v upon_o the_o fact_n and_o each_o do_v claim_v that_o by_o law_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v it_o and_o will_v still_o in_o that_o sort_n maintain_v their_o right_n than_o it_o be_v call_v a_o demurrer_n in_o law_n where_o if_o in_o the_o law_n the_o case_n seem_v to_o the_o judge_n that_o sit_v doubtful_a only_o it_o be_v call_v a_o checkerchamber_n case_n and_o all_o the_o judge_n will_v meet_v together_o and_o what_o they_o shall_v pronounce_v to_o be_v the_o law_n that_o be_v hold_v for_o right_a and_o the_o other_o party_n lose_v his_o action_n or_o land_n for_o ever_o if_o the_o sergeante_n or_o counsellor_n do_v stand_v upon_o any_o point_n in_o the_o law_n which_o be_v not_o so_o doubtful_a the_o judge_n who_o be_v take_v for_o most_o expert_a bid_v he_o go_v forward_o and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o other_o to_o say_v but_o stand_v upon_o that_o point_n of_o the_o law_n peremptory_a that_o bid_v go_v forward_o be_v take_v that_o he_o lose_v his_o action_n and_o the_o defendant_n be_v license_v to_o depart_v without_o a_o day_n and_o this_o be_v where_o the_o issue_n or_o question_n be_v of_o the_o law_n or_o juris_fw-la so_o be_v that_o case_n where_o the_o law_n be_v not_o doubtful_a according_a to_o the_o matter_n contain_v in_o the_o declaration_n answer_n replication_n rejoinder_n or_o triplication_n the_o judge_n out_o of_o hand_n decide_v it_o and_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n that_o each_o party_n must_v agree_v to_o the_o other_o still_o in_o y_z e_z fact_n which_o he_o can_v deny_v for_o if_o he_o once_o come_v to_o deny_v any_o deed_n as_o not_o do_v not_o his_o writing_n that_o the_o man_n by_o who_o the_o adversary_n claim_v be_v not_o the_o adversary_n ancestor_n protestation_n or_o the_o evidence_n which_o his_o adversary_n bring_v be_v not_o true_a or_o that_o his_o gift_n be_v former_a or_o any_o such_o like_a exception_n which_o be_v vaileable_a to_o abate_v the_o action_n or_o bar_v the_o party_n and_o the_o other_o join_v in_o the_o affirmative_a and_o will_v aver_v and_o prove_v the_o same_o this_o be_v call_v the_o issue_n and_o immediate_o all_o question_n of_o the_o law_n cease_v as_o agree_v by_o both_o the_o party_n that_o there_o be_v no_o question_n in_o the_o law_n then_o as_o that_o issue_n facti_fw-la be_v find_v by_o the_o xij_o man_n of_o who_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o so_o the_o one_o party_n or_o other_o lose_v his_o cause_n and_o action_n so_o that_o contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n where_o first_o the_o fact_n be_v examine_v by_o witness_n indices_fw-la torment_n and_o such_o like_a probation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n thereof_o and_o that_o do_v the_o advocat_n do_v dispute_v of_o the_o law_n to_o make_v of_o it_o what_o they_o can_v say_v ex_fw-la
facto_fw-la ius_fw-la oritur_fw-la here_o the_o sergeante_n or_o counsellor_n before_o the_o judge_n do_v in_o pass_a forewarde_n with_o their_o plead_n determine_v and_o agree_v upon_o the_o law_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o in_o manner_n all_o action_n as_o well_o criminiall_a as_o civil_a come_v to_o the_o issue_n &_o state_n of_o some_o fact_n which_o be_v deny_v of_o the_o one_o party_n and_o aver_v of_o the_o other_o which_o fact_n be_v try_v by_o the_o xij_o man_n as_o they_o find_v so_o the_o action_n be_v win_v or_o lose_v and_o if_o a_o man_n have_v many_o peremptory_a exception_n peremptory_a exception_n i_o call_v only_o those_o which_o can_v make_v the_o state_n and_o issue_n because_o the_o xij_o man_n be_v common_o rude_a and_o ignorant_a the_o party_n be_v compel_v to_o choose_v one_o exception_n whereupon_o to_o find_v his_o issue_n which_o choose_v if_o he_o fail_v in_o that_o by_o the_o verdict_n of_o xij_o man_n he_o lose_v his_o action_n and_o cause_n and_o the_o rest_n can_v serve_v he_o for_o nothing_o have_v see_v both_o in_o france_n and_o other_o place_n many_o device_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n how_o to_o abridge_v process_n and_o to_o find_v how_o that_o long_a suit_n in_o law_n may_v be_v make_v short_a i_o have_v not_o perceive_v nor_o read_v as_o yet_o so_o wise_a so_o just_a and_o so_o well_o devise_v a_o mean_a find_v out_o as_o this_o by_o any_o man_n among_o we_o in_o europe_n truth_n it_o be_v that_o where_o this_o fashion_n have_v not_o be_v use_v and_o to_o they_o to_o who_o it_o be_v new_a it_o will_v not_o be_v so_o easy_o understand_v and_o therefore_o they_o may_v peradventure_o be_v of_o contrary_a judgement_n but_o the_o more_o they_o do_v weigh_v and_o consider_v it_o the_o more_o reasonable_a they_o shall_v find_v it_o how_o the_o issue_n question_n or_o status_fw-la iuris_fw-la be_v decide_v i_o have_v tell_v now_o i_o will_v show_v how_o it_o be_v try_v when_o it_o do_v come_v to_o the_o question_n state_n or_o issue_n of_o the_o deed_n or_o fact_n and_o first_o i_o must_v speak_v more_o large_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o the_o process_n and_o of_o such_o person_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o execution_n thereof_o of_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o of_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n chap._n 14._o the_o roman_n have_v to_o execute_v the_o commandment_n of_o the_o magistrate_n lictores_fw-la viatores_fw-la accensos_fw-la the_o civil_a law_n since_o that_o time_n have_v other_o name_n term_n and_o officer_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o magistrate_n in_o england_n be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o the_o sheriff_n the_o sheriff_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o réeve_v or_o bailie_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v proper_o word_n for_o word_n questor_n provinciae_fw-la it_o be_v he_o which_o gather_v uppe_o and_o account_v for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o shire_n that_o come_v to_o the_o exchequer_n the_o exchequer_n which_o be_v fiscus_fw-la principis_fw-la or_o aerarium_fw-la publicum_fw-la and_o i_o can_v tell_v in_o what_o language_n it_o be_v call_v scaccarium_n some_o think_v that_o it_o be_v first_o call_v statarium_fw-la because_o that_o there_o be_v the_o stable_a place_n to_o account_v for_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n aswell_o that_o which_o come_v of_o the_o patrimony_n which_o we_o call_v the_o demesne_n as_o that_o which_o come_v of_o other_o incident_a acquisition_n be_v they_o rent_n custom_n tenthes_o quinziesme_n tax_n subsidy_n wheresoever_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o court_n be_v according_a to_o the_o time_n and_o occasion_n be_v a_o place_n stable_n continual_a and_o appoint_v for_o to_o reckon_v and_o account_v the_o hearer_n of_o the_o account_n who_o in_o latin_a may_v be_v call_v tribuni_fw-la aerarij_fw-la have_v auditor_n under_o they_o which_o the_o latin_n do_v call_v rationales_fw-la but_o they_o be_v the_o chief_a for_o the_o account_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o may_v be_v call_v juridicirationale_n in_o english_a we_o call_v they_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n whereof_o be_v one_o who_o be_v call_v the_o chief_a baron_n as_o tribunus_n or_o juridicus_fw-la rationalis_fw-la primus_fw-la or_o princeps_fw-la the_o chief_a of_o all_o be_v call_v high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n as_o you_o will_v say_v in_o latin_a supremus_fw-la aerarij_fw-la anglici_fw-la quaestor_fw-la or_o tribunus_n aerarius_fw-la maximus_fw-la in_o this_o court_n be_v hear_v quadruplatores_fw-la which_o we_o call_v promoter_n which_o be_v those_o that_o in_o popular_a and_o penal_a action_n be_v delatores_fw-la have_v thereby_o part_n of_o the_o profit_n by_o the_o law_n assign_v in_o this_o court_n if_o any_o question_n be_v it_o be_v determine_v after_o the_o order_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n by_o the_o xij_o man_n as_o i_o have_v say_v and_o all_o customer_n which_o be_v in_o latin_a call_v publicarij_fw-la in_fw-la gréeke_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d do_v account_n in_o this_o office_n the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v call_v in_o our_o common_a latin_a vicecome_v as_o one_o will_v say_v vicarius_fw-la comitis_fw-la or_o procome_v do_v that_o service_n to_o attend_v upon_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o tribunalle_n or_o judge_n which_o the_o earl_n or_o county_n shall_v do_v which_o earl_n or_o country_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v attend_v upon_o the_o prince_n in_o the_o war_n or_o otherwise_o about_o the_o prince_n as_o the_o word_n bear_v comes_fw-la principis_fw-la whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o chief_a office_n of_o the_o county_n or_o earl_n be_v to_o see_v the_o king_n justice_n to_o have_v course_n and_o to_o be_v well_o execute_v in_o the_o shire_n or_o county_n and_o the_o prince_n revenue_n well_o answer_v and_o bring_v in_o aerarium_fw-la principis_fw-la which_o be_v call_v of_o we_o the_o treasury_n if_o any_o fine_n or_o amerciament_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v mulctae_fw-la belevy_v in_o any_o of_o the_o say_a court_n upon_o any_o man_n or_o any_o arrearage_n of_o account_n by_o the_o latin_n call_v reliqua_fw-la of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v of_o custom_n tax_n subsidy_n or_o any_o other_o such_o occasion_n the_o same_o y_fw-fr e_o sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n do_v gather_v and_o be_v respondent_fw-la therefore_o in_o the_o exchequer_n as_o for_o other_o ordinary_a rent_n of_o patrimonial_a land_n and_o most_o common_o for_o the_o tax_n custom_n and_o subsidy_n there_o be_v particular_a receiver_n and_o collector_n which_o do_v answer_v it_o into_o the_o exchequer_n the_o sheriff_n have_v under_o he_o a_o under_o sheriff_n at_o his_o charge_n and_o appointment_n learn_v somewhat_o in_o the_o law_n especial_o if_o he_o be_v not_o learn_v himself_o &_o diverse_a bailiff_n which_o he_o call_v errantes_fw-la who_o he_o make_v at_o his_o pleasure_n who_o can_v know_v each_o land_n and_o person_n in_o the_o shire_n and_o their_o ability_n to_o go_v upon_o enqueste_n either_o to_o distreine_v or_o to_o summon_v he_o to_o appear_v who_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v appoint_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n to_o the_o sheriff_n as_o to_o the_o minister_n most_o proper_a of_o the_o law_n the_o writ_n be_v direct_v when_o any_o thing_n come_v to_o a_o issue_n of_o the_o deed_n or_o fact_n there_o be_v a_o writ_n or_o write_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n where_o the_o land_n be_v whereupon_o the_o controversy_n be_v or_o where_o the_o man_n dwell_v of_o who_o the_o money_n be_v demand_v which_o writ_n be_v call_v venire_fw-la facias_fw-la then_o after_o the_o same_o effect_n an_o alias_o plury_n or_o distringas_fw-la according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n to_o the_o return_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o if_o for_o any_o disobedience_n of_o not_o come_v and_o appear_v there_o be_v a_o fine_a which_o the_o latin_n do_v call_v mulcta_fw-la set_v upon_o any_o juror_n head_n the_o sheriff_n be_v charge_v with_o it_o and_o take_v the_o distress_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v pignora_fw-la and_o answer_v therefore_o to_o the_o exchequer_n the_o sheriff_n also_o be_v ready_a by_o himself_o or_o by_o his_o undersherife_n to_o serve_v aswell_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o their_o quarter_n session_n as_o y_z e_z justice_n call_v itinerante_n in_o their_o great_a assize_n when_o they_o come_v into_o the_o shire_n which_o be_v twice_o in_o the_o year_n to_o dispatch_v and_o void_a action_n criminal_a and_o civil_a depend_v at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o which_o be_v come_v now_o to_o the_o issue_n he_o have_v also_o the_o charge_n of_o all_o the_o prisoner_n commit_v to_o y_z e_z prison_n which_o we_o call_v the_o gaol_n and_o when_o any_o be_v condemn_v to_o die_v it_o be_v his_o charge_n to_o see_v the_o sentence_n execute_v to_o be_v short_a he_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o general_a minister_n
they_o fail_v of_o be_v there_o of_o the_o coroner_n chap._n 21._o but_o if_o any_o man_n woman_n or_o child_n be_v violent_o slay_v the_o murderer_n not_o know_v no_o man_n ought_v or_o dare_v bury_v the_o body_n before_o the_o coroner_n have_v see_v it_o the_o coroner_n be_v one_o choose_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o gentleman_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o man_n see_v in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o execute_v that_o office_n and_o if_o the_o person_n slay_v slay_v i_o call_v here_o whosoever_o he_o be_v man_n woman_n or_o child_n that_o violent_o come_v to_o his_o death_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o knife_n poison_n cord_n drown_v burn_a suffocation_n or_o otherwise_o be_v it_o by_o his_o own_o fault_n or_o default_n or_o by_o any_o other_o if_o i_o say_v the_o person_n slay_v be_v bury_v before_o the_o coroner_n do_v come_v which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n man_n dare_v not_o do_v he_o do_v cause_n the_o body_n to_o be_v take_v up_o again_o and_o to_o be_v search_v and_o upon_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o body_n so_o violent_o come_v to_o his_o death_n he_o do_v empanell_n a_o enquest_n of_o xij_o man_n or_o mo_z of_o those_o which_o come_v next_o by_o be_v they_o stranger_n or_o inhabitant_n which_o upon_o their_o oath_n and_o by_o the_o sight_n or_o view_v of_o the_o body_n and_o by_o such_o information_n as_o they_o can_v take_v must_v search_v how_o the_o person_n slay_v come_v to_o his_o death_n and_o by_o who_o as_o the_o doer_n or_o causer_n thereof_o these_o be_v not_o enclose_v into_o a_o strait_a place_n as_o i_o tell_v before_o of_o other_o enqueste_n but_o be_v suffer_v to_o go_v at_o large_a and_o take_v a_o day_n sometime_o after_o xx_o or_o thirty_o day_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o fact_n be_v more_o evident_a or_o more_o keep_v close_o to_o give_v their_o evidence_n at_o which_o day_n they_o must_v appear_v there_o again_o before_o the_o say_a coroner_n to_o give_v their_o verdict_n so_o sometime_o the_o person_n slay_v himself_o sometime_o the_o brother_n the_o husband_n the_o wife_n the_o sister_n some_o of_o acquaintance_n or_o stranger_n such_o as_o god_n will_v have_v reveil_v be_v take_v for_o whosoever_o they_o do_v find_v as_o guilty_a of_o the_o murder_n he_o be_v straight_o commit_v to_o prison_n and_o this_o be_v against_o he_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o indictment_n which_o be_v not_o a_o full_a condemnation_n as_o you_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o the_o empanel_a of_o this_o enquest_n and_o the_o view_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o give_v of_o the_o verdict_n be_v common_o in_o the_o street_n in_o a_o open_a place_n and_o in_o corona_n populi_fw-la but_o i_o take_v rather_o that_o this_o name_n come_v because_o that_o the_o death_n of_o every_o subject_n by_o violence_n be_v account_v to_o touch_v the_o crown_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o to_o be_v a_o detriment_n unto_o it_o the_o prince_n account_v that_o his_o strength_n power_n and_o crown_n do_v stand_v and_o consist_v in_o the_o force_n of_o his_o people_n and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o they_o in_o security_n and_o peace_n of_o the_o constable_n chap._n 22._o these_o man_n be_v call_v in_o the_o elder_a book_n of_o our_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n custodes_fw-la pacis_fw-la and_o be_v at_o the_o first_o in_o great_a reputation_n than_o they_o be_v now_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o there_o be_v a_o credit_n give_v unto_o they_o not_o altogether_o unlike_a to_o that_o which_o be_v now_o give_v to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o this_o day_n if_o any_o affraie_a chance_n to_o be_v make_v the_o constable_n ought_v and_o will_v charge_v they_o that_o be_v at_o debate_n to_o keep_v the_o prince_n peace_n and_o whosoever_o refuse_v to_o obey_v the_o constable_n therein_o all_o the_o people_n will_v set_v straight_o upon_o he_o and_o by_o force_n make_v he_o to_o render_v himself_o to_o be_v order_v likewise_o if_o any_o be_v suspect_v of_o theft_n or_o receive_v or_o of_o murder_n or_o of_o manslaughter_n the_o constable_n may_v take_v such_o person_n yea_o enter_v into_o any_o man_n house_n with_o sufficient_a power_n to_o search_v for_o such_o man_n till_o he_o find_v they_o and_o if_o he_o see_v cause_n keep_v the_o suspect_a person_n in_o the_o stock_n or_o custody_n till_o he_o bring_v they_o before_o a_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n to_o be_v examine_v but_o for_o so_o much_o as_o every_o little_a village_n have_v common_o two_o constable_n tithingman_n and_o many_o time_n artificer_n labourer_n and_o man_n of_o small_a ability_n be_v choose_v unto_o that_o office_n who_o have_v no_o great_a experience_n nor_o knowledge_n nor_o authority_n the_o constable_n at_o this_o present_a although_o this_o they_o may_v do_v upon_o their_o own_o authority_n yet_o they_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o executor_n of_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n for_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o understand_v by_o complaint_n that_o any_o man_n have_v steal_v rob_v slay_v or_o any_o servant_n or_o labourer_n without_o licence_n have_v depart_v out_o of_o his_o master_n service_n or_o any_o that_o live_v idle_a and_o suspect_o know_v once_o in_o what_o parish_n he_o be_v he_o write_v to_o the_o constable_n of_o the_o parish_n command_v he_o in_o the_o prince_n name_n to_o bring_v that_o man_n before_o he_o the_o constable_n dare_v not_o disobey_v the_o man_n be_v bring_v and_o examine_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o if_o the_o justice_n do_v find_v cause_n he_o commit_v he_o to_o the_o same_o constable_n to_o convey_v he_o further_o to_o the_o prince_n gaol_n where_o the_o party_n must_v lie_v till_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n do_v meet_a either_o at_o their_o quarter_n session_n or_o at_o their_o gaol_n delivery_n and_o that_o the_o law_n have_v either_o condemn_v or_o acquit_v he_o these_o constable_n be_v call_v in_o some_o place_n headborough_n in_o some_o place_n tithingman_n and_o be_v like_a to_o they_o who_o be_v call_v consul_n in_o many_o town_n and_o village_n in_o france_n the_o constable_n be_v common_o make_v and_o swear_v at_o the_o léete_n of_o the_o lord_n choose_v thereto_o by_o the_o homage_n and_o they_o keep_v that_o office_n sometime_o ij_o iij_o or_o iiij_o year_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o parish_n do_v agree_v what_o headborow_n do_v betoken_v it_o be_v easy_o know_v our_o language_n do_v declare_v he_o as_o the_o head_n or_o chief_a of_o the_o borowe_n or_o village_n likewise_o tithing_n man_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o y_fw-fr e_o tithing_n constable_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o come_v of_o our_o old_a english_a word_n kin_v which_o be_v kinnyngstable_n as_o you_o will_v say_v a_o man_n establish_v by_o the_o king_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o appertain_v to_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n &_o conservation_n of_o the_o king_n peace_n &_o as_o i_o say_v at_o the_o first_o be_v in_o some_o more_o reputation_n approach_v to_o that_o authority_n which_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n now_o do_v hold_v of_o the_o session_n of_o gaol_n delivery_n and_o the_o definitive_a proceed_n in_o cause_n criminal_a chap._n 23._o how_o thief_n and_o murderer_n and_o other_o malefactor_n against_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o peace_n be_v take_v &_o bring_v into_o hold_n to_o answer_v to_o justice_n partly_o by_o hue_n and_o cry_n partly_o by_o information_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n and_o the_o constable_n and_o how_o that_o at_o the_o quarter_n session_n they_o be_v indict_v or_o else_o by_o the_o coroner_n you_o have_v hear_v before_o enditement_n as_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o that_o which_o be_v also_o go_v before_o be_v but_o a_o former_a judgement_n of_o xij_o man_n which_o be_v call_v enquirer_n and_o no_o definitive_a sentence_n but_o that_o which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v praeiudicium_fw-la it_o do_v but_o show_v what_o opinion_n the_o country_n have_v of_o the_o malefactor_n and_o therefore_o common_o man_n be_v indict_v absent_a not_o call_v to_o it_o nor_o know_v of_o it_o for_o though_o a_o man_n be_v indict_v yet_o if_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o arainement_n there_o be_v no_o man_n to_o pursue_v further_o nor_o no_o evidence_n of_o witness_n or_o other_o trial_n and_o indices_fw-la against_o he_o he_o be_v without_o difficulty_n acquit_v no_o man_n that_o be_v once_o indict_v can_v be_v deliver_v without_o arainement_n for_o as_o xij_o have_v give_v a_o prejudice_n against_o he_o so_o twelve_o again_o must_v acquit_v or_o condemn_v he_o but_o if_o the_o prisoner_n be_v not_o indict_v but_o send_v to_o prison_n upon_o some_o suspicion_n or_o suspicious_a behaviour_n and_o none_o do_v pursue_v he_o to_o the_o enditement_n first_o be_v proclaim_v thus_o a._n b._n
staff_n and_o abdicate_v his_o office_n in_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n from_o that_o above_o write_v the_o third_o book_n of_o that_o which_o in_o other_o country_n be_v call_v appellation_n or_o provocation_n to_o amend_v the_o judgement_n or_o sentence_n definitive_a which_o be_v think_v unjust_o give_v in_o cause_n criminal_a chap._n 1._o if_o the_o enquest_n of_o xij_o man_n do_v seem_v to_o the_o judge_n &_o the_o justice_n to_o have_v go_v too_o violent_o against_o the_o evidence_n give_v in_o matter_n criminal_a either_o it_o be_v that_o upon_o slender_a evidence_n they_o have_v pronounce_v he_o guilty_a who_o the_o judge_n &_o most_o part_n of_o the_o justice_n think_v by_o the_o evidence_n not_o full_o prove_v guilty_a or_o for_o some_o other_o cause_n do_v think_v the_o person_n rather_o worthy_a to_o live_v than_o to_o die_v the_o enquest_n be_v nevertheless_o dimiss_v but_o when_o the_o judge_n shall_v pronounce_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n upon_o the_o person_n find_v guilty_a he_o will_v differ_v it_o which_o be_v call_v to_o reprieve_v the_o prisoner_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o send_v he_o again_o to_o prison_n and_o so_o declare_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o obtain_v after_o a_o time_n for_o the_o prisoner_n his_o pardon_n and_o as_o for_o provocation_n or_o appeal_v which_o be_v use_v so_o much_o in_o other_o country_n it_o have_v no_o place_n in_o england_n after_o sentence_n give_v by_o the_o twelve_o whereby_o the_o person_n be_v find_v guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a but_o without_o that_o reprive_v the_o sentence_n be_v straight_o put_v in_o execution_n by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o if_o they_o either_o escape_n or_o die_v a_o other_o death_n the_o sheriff_n escape_v not_o to_o pay_v a_o great_a fine_a and_o ransom_n at_o the_o prince_n mercy_n if_o have_v pregnant_a evidence_n nevertheless_o the_o twelve_o do_v acquit_v the_o malefactor_n which_o they_o will_v do_v sometime_o and_o especial_o if_o they_o perceive_v either_o one_o of_o the_o justice_n or_o of_o the_o judge_n or_o some_o other_o man_n to_o pursue_v too_o much_o and_o too_o malicious_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prisoner_n and_o do_v suspect_v some_o subornation_n of_o the_o witness_n or_o they_o which_o do_v give_v evidence_n and_o sometime_o if_o they_o perceive_v the_o judge_n will_v have_v the_o prisoner_n escape_v and_o in_o repeat_v the_o evidence_n do_v give_v they_o thereof_o some_o watchworde_n but_o if_o they_o do_v as_o i_o have_v say_v pronounce_v not_o guilty_a upon_o the_o prisoner_n against_o who_o manifest_a witness_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o prisoner_n escape_v but_o the_o twelve_o not_o only_o be_v rebuke_v by_o the_o judge_n but_o also_o threaten_v of_o punishment_n and_o many_o time_n command_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o starrechamber_n or_o before_o the_o privy_a counsel_n for_o the_o matter_n but_o this_o threaten_n chance_v often_o than_o the_o execution_n thereof_o and_o the_o twelve_o answer_n with_o most_o gentle_a word_n they_o do_v it_o according_a to_o their_o conscience_n and_o pray_v the_o judge_n to_o be_v good_a unto_o they_o they_o do_v as_o they_o think_v right_a and_o as_o they_o accord_v all_o and_o so_o it_o pass_v away_o for_o the_o most_o part_n yet_o i_o have_v see_v in_o my_o time_n but_o not_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o queen_n now_o that_o a_o enquest_n for_o pronounce_v one_o not_o guilty_a of_o treason_n contrary_n to_o such_o evidence_n as_o be_v bring_v in_o be_v not_o only_o imprison_v for_o a_o space_n but_o a_o huge_a fine_a set_v upon_o their_o head_n which_o they_o be_v fain_o to_o pay_v a_o other_o enquest_n for_o acquit_v a_o other_o beside_o pay_v a_o fine_a of_o money_n put_v to_o open_a ignominy_n and_o shame_n but_o those_o do_n be_v even_o then_o of_o many_o account_v very_o violent_a tyrannical_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n wherefore_o it_o come_v very_o seldom_o in_o use_n yet_o so_o much_o at_o a_o time_n the_o enquest_n may_v be_v corrupt_v that_o the_o prince_n may_v have_v cause_n with_o justice_n to_o punish_v they_o for_o they_o be_v man_n and_o subject_a to_o corruption_n and_o partiality_n as_o other_o be_v what_o remedy_n be_v if_o the_o sentence_n be_v think_v unjust_o give_v chap._n 2._o in_o cause_n civil_a there_o be_v another_o order_n for_o if_o after_o the_o matter_n be_v plead_v to_o the_o issue_n and_o the_o xij_o man_n thereupon_o empanel_v the_o evidence_n bring_v and_o plead_v before_o they_o on_o both_o the_o party_n the_o xij_o seem_v to_o be_v partial_a and_o to_o have_v give_v sentence_n contrary_a to_o the_o evidence_n show_v unto_o they_o the_o party_n grieve_v may_v bring_v against_o they_o and_o the_o party_n for_o who_o the_o sentence_n be_v give_v a_o writ_n of_o attaint_n and_o where_o as_o before_o upon_o the_o first_o quest_n common_o they_o all_o be_v yeoman_n now_o upon_o this_o attaint_n must_v go_v twenty-four_o gentleman_n dwell_v within_o the_o shire_n and_o xij_o at_o the_o least_o of_o the_o hundred_o where_o the_o land_n lie_v the_o matter_n be_v plead_v again_o before_o the_o same_o judge_n the_o party_n defendant_n be_v not_o only_o now_o he_o who_o claim_v the_o land_n but_o also_o all_o and_o every_o of_o the_o yeoman_n who_o by_o their_o verdict_n do_v give_v it_o he_o there_o must_v in_o the_o attaint_n no_o more_o evidence_n be_v bring_v in_o may_v but_o only_o that_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o allege_v before_o the_o first_o enquest_n and_o if_o this_o second_o enquest_n of_o twenty-four_o gentleman_n do_v adjudge_v as_o the_o first_o do_v the_o plaintiff_n shall_v not_o only_o lose_v the_o land_n but_o also_o pay_v a_o fine_a to_o the_o prince_n and_o damage_n to_o the_o party_n if_o this_o second_o enquest_n do_v find_v that_o the_o first_o enquest_n have_v go_v parcial_o and_o against_o the_o evidence_n bring_v in_o before_o they_o the_o first_o enquest_n be_v call_v attaint_v and_o account_v as_o perjure_a and_o infamed_a the_o prince_n have_v before_o the_o waste_n of_o all_o their_o land_n and_o possession_n with_o other_o punishment_n plaintiff_n which_o at_o this_o present_a by_o a_o law_n make_v by_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o be_v abolish_v and_o now_o by_o that_o law_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n beside_o other_o punishment_n each_o of_o the_o quest_n attaint_v pay_v unto_o the_o prince_n and_o party_n v._o li._n if_o it_o be_v under_o forty_o pound_n and_o if_o above_o then_o xx_o li._n attaint_v be_v very_o seldom_o put_v in_o use_n partly_o because_o the_o gentleman_n will_v not_o meet_v to_o slander_v and_o deface_v the_o honest_a yeoman_n their_o neighbour_n so_o that_o of_o a_o long_a time_n they_o have_v rather_o pay_v a_o mean_a fine_a than_o to_o appear_v and_o make_v the_o enquest_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o will_v entreat_v so_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v the_o party_n to_o come_v to_o some_o composition_n and_o agreement_n among_o themselves_o as_o light_o they_o do_v except_o either_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o enquest_n be_v too_o evident_a or_o the_o one_o party_n be_v too_o obstinate_a and_o headstrong_a and_o if_o the_o gentleman_n do_v appear_v gladly_o they_o will_v confirm_v the_o first_o sentence_n for_o the_o cause_n which_o i_o have_v say_v than_o go_v against_o it_o but_o if_o the_o corruption_n be_v too_o much_o evident_a they_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o attaint_v the_o first_o enquest_n yet_o after_o the_o gentleman_n have_v attaint_v the_o yeoman_n if_o before_o the_o sentence_n be_v give_v by_o the_o judge_n which_o ordinary_o for_o a_o time_n be_v differ_v the_o party_n be_v agree_v or_o one_o of_o they_o be_v dead_a the_o attaint_n cease_v if_o at_o any_o time_n before_o the_o sentence_n be_v give_v or_o put_v in_o execution_n there_o be_v find_v some_o such_o error_n in_o the_o writ_n in_o the_o process_n or_o form_n as_o our_o lawyer_n be_v very_o precise_a and_o curious_a of_o their_o form_n that_o it_o may_v be_v revocable_a it_o be_v bring_v afresh_o to_o the_o disputation_n by_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o all_o that_o be_v do_v reverse_a but_o that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o other_o country_n where_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v use_v which_o they_o call_v de_fw-fr nullitate_fw-la processus_fw-la and_o serve_v both_o in_o england_n and_o in_o other_o place_n aswell_o in_o cause_n criminal_a as_o civil_a other_o kind_n of_o appellation_n to_o revoke_v process_n and_o to_o make_v they_o of_o short_a long_o of_o long_a infinite_a which_o be_v use_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n we_o have_v not_o in_o our_o common_a law_n of_o england_n by_o supplication_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o complaint_n to_o the_o chancellor_n upon_o supposal_n of_o loss_n or_o lack_n of_o