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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	convulsion_n	motion_n	sport_v	20	3	16.2534	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34010	A systeme of anatomy, treating of the body of man, beasts, birds, fish, insects, and plants illustrated with many schemes, consisting of variety of elegant figures, drawn from the life, and engraven in seventy four folio copper-plates. And after every part of man's body hath been anatomically described, its diseases, cases, and cures are concisely exhibited. The first volume containing the parts of the lowest apartiments of the body of man and other animals, etc. / by Samuel Collins ...	Collins, Samuel, 1619-1670.	1685 (1685)	Wing C5387; ESTC R32546	1,820,939	1,622

how the whole Systeme of Vertebers are turned into Bone 1060 How the Vertebers of the Chine grow bony and how the various Processes of the Vertebers are adorned with variety of shapes and sizes and how their articulations grow more firm after the Birth 1061 The Chine is straight after Birth in order to progressive motion and the Figure of the parts of a Verteber is various and how the Processes are seated in the outside of the Vertebers after the manner of Carved work and of the oblique ascendent and descendent Processes and of the Dentiforme Process and of the Fistula Sacra a Cavity of the Chine in which the Medulla Spinalis is lodged 1062 The Epiphyses of every Verteber and their perforations and how the external parts of the Vertebers are solid and the inward more spungy and the Ligaments of the Vertebers are strong and semi-circular 1063 A description of the Verteber of the Chine called Atlas and of the Sinus of the first Verteber and of the Dentiforme Process 1064 and of the Verteber of the Chine called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of its Verteber named Axis and of the motion of the Musculi superiores inferiores turning the Face in several postures The Vertebers of the Chine belonging to the Back and of their Processes and how the body of every Verteber hath a large Sinus 1066 The Vertebers relating to the Loins and how they are eminent for thickness greatness and many perforations Ibid. Part of the Chine called Os Sacrum and its perforations and of another part of the Chine called Os Coccygis and of its substance in Infants 1067 The various uses of the Chine 1068 The Pathology of the Chine and the luxation of the first verteber of the Chine and of the cause and impotence of the whole Body Ibid. The luxation of the vertebers of the Neck and the luxation of the vertebers of the Back and a kind of luxation called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and another luxation named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and how great luxations of the vertebers of the Loins are attended with death and if they be less they are accompanied with suppression of Vrine 1069 Choler and its differences 459 Choler is endued with greater or less degrees of Acrimony as embodied with acide Liquor coming from the Spleen 460 Choler acquireth grossness by its long stay in the Bladder of Gall 460 Choler being most thick is associated with the Blood and carried by the Branches of the Porta into the Glands of the Liver Ibid. Choler and its composition 46. And other times proceed from Humors 340 Chorion and its Figure and it is various in several Animals 635 The rudiment of Conception is from the embodying of both the Seeds 612 A Woman is destitute of Coyt●dones 632 The Choroeidal Plexe is a Systeme of many parts and of its Origen Membranes and Vessels 1012 The many ranks of Arteries are accompanied with jugular Veins in this Plexe and of its use 1013 Chewing of Aliment 245 to 248. The uses of Chewing 246 Chyle how it is produced and exalted by different Ferments in various parts of the Body 26 Chylification 296 to 298 The Matter of Chylification 309 to 311 The manner of Chylification 312 to 318 The Pathology of the concoctive Faculty 319 to 328 The cure of the ill concoctive Faculty of the Stomach 325 to 328 Chyle in the manner of its production holds some Analogy with the operation of Chymestry 317 The Chyle associates with a Liquor distilling out of the Nerves in the Guts 347 The Chyle how it is concocted in the Mouth Stomach and Guts and its distribution through various lacteal vessels c. 411. And how it is assisted by the Lympha 682 Crude Chyle is not easily assimilated into Blood 135 Crude Chyle is mixed with Blood in the Heart 135 The Connivent Valves of the Guts 350 The concoctive faculty of the Guts is made by the bilious and pancreatick Liquors as Ferments 363 The manner how th● 〈◊〉 is cocted in the Guts 365 The depraved concoctive Faculty of the Guts 370 The Caeliack passion cured 371 The deproved concoctive faculty of the Guts is cured by testaceous Powders 371 The Colick passion 379 Colick passion is distinguished from the pain of the Kidney 380 Colick passion proceeding from an inflammation of the Guts 381 Colick pains arising out of the acrimony of Micous Matter of the Guts 347 Colick pains derived from sharp Humors lodged between the Coats 381 Colick pains coming from the inflation of the Guts 383 Colours of the Face Colours discerned by touch 864. And the causes of White and Red in the Face 865. Different colours are produced by Light allayed with various shades 864 Colours of the Face proceeding from several Liquors 865 Colours seem to be derived from Light sporting upon the Protuberancies and Cavities of Bodies 895 Concretion proceeding from Acide Liquors 426 427 Of Convulsions and Convulsive motions and of their difference and remarkable instances of great Convulsions 1171 How Convulsive motions are nearly related to Convulsions and of their difference taken from their causes and how they are derived from the Brain 1172 The nature of Epileptick Convulsive motions and their subject Origen and how the middle and terminations of the Nerves are concerned in Convulsions 1173 The Procatarctiok and continent cause of Convulsive Motions 1174 Of Convulsive motions in Children and how they affect various parts and the reasons why they are subject to this Disease and of the Blood of Embryos depraved in the Womb 1185. and how it is debased by a due secretion not made in the Glands of the Cutis and Viscera and of the manner of Convulsive motions and of their causes 1186. and how they proceed from the Brain and of their Reason and how they proceed from Fevers 1185 The reason why Children are subject to Convulsive motions and how the ill mass of Blood concurreth to them 1188 The application of Leeches may be made to the Jugulars and of cephalick Waters Powders Apozemes Amulets Blistering Plaisters Powder of Gutteta and Cephalick infusions 1189 The Bathing of the Chine with Spirits and Oil c. are very proper in this Disease 1190 Corpus callosum and how it may be divided from the Cortex and how the two Hemisphaeres are united in the Corpus callosum and of the Rise Connexion Figure and of the use and substance 1008 The Corpora striata are Origens of the Medulla oblongata and of their Connexion and Figure Streaks and Vse and of their structure and how they are the Origens of the Medulla Spinalis 1015 Corrosive Salt of Steel do precipitate the acide juyces of the Body 311 A Cough and its causes Prognosticks and Indications 838 839 840. And its Cures 849 Of a Chincough and Convulsiv motions 849. And their causes Indications 850 851 852 853 Creeping of Animals which is performed by moving their Bodies on the ground and making many Arches 127 The first

be taken from an undue fermentation of the Blood may be fetched from an undue fermentation of the Blood as consisting of unactive and too much depressed Elements hindring the Intestine motion of the Vital Juyce which is often found in Cachectick bodies in the Scorbutick Distempers of Men and Women wherein the dispirited mass of Blood is apt to Coagulate in the Ventricles of the Heart So that the Heart is forced to make many brisk and often repeated Systoles and erections of the Cone against the left side A third cause of this Disaffection may take its rise from the great effervescence of the Blood proceeding from a high Fermentation of it A Palpitation of the Heart arising out of an effervescence of the Blood as composed of too much exalted saline and sulphureous Particles often found in Hypocondriacal and Hysterical Distempers Wherein the Fibres of the Heart being highly aggrieved with the fiery heat of overmuch fermenting Blood do produce vigorous Constrictions of the Ventricles and strong Vibrations of the Cardiack Cone against the Thorax The fourth cause of this disorderly Convulsive motion of the Heart The Palpitation of the Heart proceeding from the indisposition of the Brain may be derived from the indisposition of the Cortex of the Brain in which an ill Animal Liquor is generated as partly consisting of exalted Saline and Oyly Particles produced from ill Blood whose Albuminous part is the Materia Substrata of Nervous Juyce which is transmitted through the Fibrous parts of the several processes of the Brain into the Origens of the eighth pair of Nerves and from thence into the Cardiack branches whereupon numerous Nervous Fibrils inserted into the Carnous Fibres being highly irritated by an ill Succus Nervosus do draw the Fibres into violent irregular Convulsive motion So that the elevated Cone of the Heart maketh many impetuous strokes against the Thorax As to the Cure of the Palpitation of the Heart arising from too great a quantity of Blood clogging the Heart Blood-letting is good in a Palpitation of the Heart flowing from an exuberance of Blood and putting the Fibres upon irregular Contractions it denoteth a free mission of Blood which will speak an Alleviation to great Vibrations of the Heart An instance may be given of this disaffection in a Knight a Pensioner of his Majesties who being endued with a Plethorick constitution was often afflicted with a great Palpitation proceeding from an exuberant quantity of Blood evidenced in a high Pulse oppressing the Heart and was immediately freed from this troublesome Distemper in opening a Vein by which a large proportion of Blood was immediately discharged and the Patient relieved The irregular motions of the Heart derived from the want of Fermentation of Blood Bitter Medicines are proper in a Palpitation of the Heart produced by improper Ferments do indicate bitter Medicines which Corroborate the Stomach and Anti-Scorbutick Medicines mixed with Chalybeates which rectifie the fixed saline and sulphureous parts of the Blood and endue it with proper Fermentative Principles A Mercers Wife in Covent-Garden endued with a thin Body a weak Pulse and an ill Concoction of Stomach was often highly afflicted with Palpitations of the Heart proceeding from the defect of a good Intestine motion of the Blood whereupon it grew depauperated and the Patient liable to fainting Fits and a great difficulty of Breathing which were much alleviated by bitter Decoctions Pearl Julaps Spirit of Hartshorn and Chalybeates given in Apozemes made of opening Roots Sarsa Parilla Pine and Fir and at last by the drinking Tunbridge Waters The Palpitation of the Heart arising out of the Blood over acted with too high an Intestine motion of the Blood Testaceous Powders are good in an undue fermentation of the Blood produced by exalted saline and sulphureous parts doth denote Testaceous Powders as Pearl Crabs Claws Crabs Eyes Coral and the like which do dulcifie the mass of Blood given with temperate Diuretick Apozemes and discharge the fixed saline Particles by Urine and attemper the hot Atoms of Blood In this case also Chalybeates mixed with temperate Anti-Scorbuticks may be given with good success Dr. An instance of the Cure of the Palpitation of the Heart derived from an ill fermenting Blood Huit a Person of great Vertue Learning and most eminent Loyalty for which he was Murdered in the time of Usurpation was affected with a hot Scorbutick habit of Body and highly discomposed with great Palpitations of the Heart taking its rise as I humbly conceive from too great a Fermentation of the Blood as consisting of active Heterogeneous Elements whereupon I advised him to take Testaceous Powders taken with cooling Julaps and temperate Cordials mingled with Pearl as also Chalybeate Syrups taken with Diureticks and temperate Anti-Scorbutick Apozemes by which the Patient God be praised was perfectly recovered The fourth kind of irregular motion of the Heart being Convulsive Cephalick Medicines are proper in the Convulsive motions of the Heart as produced by an ill Succus Nervosus transmitted into and irritating the Cardiack Nerves doth denote proper Medicines to refine the Albuminous part of the Blood the Materia Substrata of Animal Liquor and also Cephalick Medicines to Corroborate the Brain and Nerves of the Heart Palpitations of the Heart are accompanied also with Convulsive motions of the Nerves seated in divers parts of the Body A second cause of the Convulsive motions of the Heart and chiefly about the Base of the Heart which is backed by the Sentiments of Learned Dr. Willis encircling the Trunks of the Aorta and Vena Cava to hinder the immediate flux and reflux of the Blood and its great effervescence and Stagnations produced by vehement passions of Anger Fear Sorrow and Joy which highly disorder the various Nerves inserted into the Coats and make irregular motions in the Arteries and especially in the Aorta near the Heart whereby its Nerves are drawn into Consent and are productive of Convulsive Motions Another cause of the unkindly motion of the Heart may proceed from the frequent Pulsation of the Arteries caused by the Carnous Fibres A third cause of Cardiack Convulsions irritated by the Convulsive motion of the great company of Nervous Fibrils implanted into the fleshy Fibres of the Trunks relating to the Arteries which renders their repeated Contractions very violent whereupon the Blood is impetuously moved first through the Arteries and then through the smaller and greater branches of the Vein into the right Ventricle of the Heart So that the Carnous Fibres are highly sollicited to make many irregular Motions which are in truth Convulsive in order to discharge the great torrent of Blood into the Pulmonary Artery which being highly aggrieved by impetuous streams of Purple Liquor doth make irregular Contractions to discharge the exuberant source of Blood into the Pulmonary Vein which draweth the Heart into a Sympathy as the Orifice of the Pulmonary Artery is implanted into the right Ventricle of

bowed proceeding as I humbly conceive from a grosser Matter than that of Convulsive Motions so highly aggrieving the Fibrous parts that they can hardly discharge themselves from it whereupon the Muscles are put upon a constant trouble of unnatural Contractions till they can free themselves from their burden by the Extremities of the Nerves and Fibres A most remarkable Instance of great Convulsions of which I can give a notable Instance in Mrs. Susan Floide a Patient of mine Dr. Bathurst and Sir Charles Scarburgh being joyned with me who was strongly oppressed with such Hysterick Fits that produced universal Convulsions through the whole Body lying in a Tetanus eleven hours wherein the exercise of her Sense and Reason was intercepted and the whole Trunk and Limbs of her Body were so violently Contracted that they remained altogether inflexible and after the lying eleven hours in one rigid posture she began in some part to be reduced to the use of Sense and Reason and then creeping from the Bed to the Floor on which she moved divers times backward and forward upon her Hands and Feet and afterwards rising from the Floor she ran up and down the Chamber a good while and then turned round again and again about thirty times and so was restored to the exercise of all the functions of her Mind and Body for an hour in which she supplied Nature with Aliment and then returned again to lying on the Bed as before and began to act over again those sad Scenes in contracting those universal machines of Motion and those several parts before nominated which she did in the very same method and manner for every day three weeks or a month so that her Friends apprehended her to be Enchanted by reason of those wonderful symptoms which indeed were the effects of a Disease and not of Sorcery afterward plainly evinced in the sequel of the Cure Ut miserrimo huic aegrotanti horrenda symptomatum serie laboranti obsteticaremus methodo medendi ex Medicamentis faetidis variis prescribendi formulto instituta sed Eheu incassum omnia Tandem venis tribus aut quater vicibus pertusis liberali manu sanguine detraximus cujus pars serosa quae clara esset Cristallina ex naturae praescripto sed vi morbi opaca turbida evasit Latice ●●tem tum seroso quam purpureo copiosius emissis generosa haec puella bonis avibus in pristinum salutis statum restituitur Having in some manner treated you with the Pathology of the Brain in point of Convulsions it may not be altogether impertinent to give you some account of Convulsive Motions Convulsive motions are nearly related to Convulsions which are so near akin to Convulsions that they are promiscuously used for each other by Learned Authors But in a strict Sense I humbly conceive they differ both in their Causes and Symptoms The Convulsions flowing from a more thick Matter are not easily shaken off which forcibly detein the Muscular parts in one contracted stiff posture The difference of Convulsive motions and Convulsions in reference to their various causes whereas Convulsive Motions do proceed as I conceive from some subtle Vaporous Matter quickly insinuated all along the Filaments and speedily discussed through the Extremities of the Nerves and Tendinous Fibres by many violent contractions of the Muscles which have thereupon frequent intervals of rest by the discharge of the Matter till new accessions are made by the Morbifick Matter infecting the Animal Liquor impelled into the Nerves and Fibres which giveth them a fresh trouble causing many brisk concussions of the Muscles which by divers great compressions empty the Tendinous Fibres of Spirituous Saline Particles and the Carnous of Nitrosulphureous till they receive new supplies of Nervous and Purple Liquor from the Brain and Heart by the mediation of the Nerves and Arteries Hence may be assigned the reason of Convulsive Motions Convulsive motions derived essentially from the Brain which sometimes are derived essentially from the Brain by an ill Diathesis of Humors imprinted in the substance of it creating an habitual weakness whereby it is rendred uncapable to exterminate the noysome Particles of the Blood by the Jugular Veins which are received and lodged with the Animal Liquor in Pores of the Brain which is sometimes so highly provoked by the trouble of the Matter it self and sometimes vehementibus animi pathematis wherein the Brain being highly molested endeavoureth to free it self by forcing the Heterogenous Particles embodied with the Animal Liquor into the Nervous and Tendinous Fibres producing great vibrations of the Muscles And Convulsive Motions are not only generated primarily and essentially from the Brain Convulsive motions proceed from the habitual weakness of the Brain This Disease may be derived from an acquired debility of the Brain Convulsive motions coming from the venenate nature of the Blood by reason of an habitual weakness and ill disposition which is sometimes hereditary infecting the Seminal Matter the first principle of the Brain propagated from Parents but also from an acquired debility of the Brain communicated to it vi imbecillitatis cerebri recipientis aut vitio sanguinis mandantis when its impure Particles are not discharged by the Lymphaeducts as some are of an opinion or in the return of the Blood by the Veins or excretory Vessels by Sweat and insensible transpiration whereupon the Morbifick Matter is impelled into the Brain by the internal Carotide Arteries whence the whole mass of Blood is infected with a venenate nature as in Malignant Fevers and Scorbutick and Cacochymick habits of Bodies as also in Virulent Abscesses and Ulcers of the Viscera whence arise great Ebullitions of the Blood whose venenate impure Miasms are carried out of the Ulcered Spleen by the Splenick Branches into the Porta and Cava and out of the Abscesses of the Liver immediately into the Cava and hence by the right Ventricle of the Heart into the Pulmonary Artery and Vein into the left Ventricle and the Aorta but in the Abscesses of the Lungs it hath a shorter cut when the Ulcerous Matter is immediately conveyed by the Pulmonary Veins into the left Ventricle and thence by the ascendent Trunk of the Aorta and internal Corides into the Brain whence these impurities when they cannot be otherways discharged are hurried with the Animal Liquor into the Nerves and Fibres causing impetuous motions of the Muscles which are most signally conspicuous in the Diseases of Epilepsies Malignant Fevers and Hysterick passions as to Epilepsies The nature of Epileptick Convulsive motions is very intricate their symptoms are as stupendous as their causes and nature intricate whence arise great Controversies both of parts affected and the manner how the Disease is imparted to them many do assign its chief seat to the Brain Ventricles and Coats of it others to the middle and lower Venter of which I will give you account hereafter in the Parts affected and the Causes and Symptoms of

the Disease and shaddow unto you the state of the Disease which being considered in its Paroxysm is more universal in Extent and severe in its Nature whence the subtle Particles of the Animal Latex commonly styled Spirits in reference to their Volatil Spirituous nature are the chief Guests of the Brain and are fiercely and inordinately moved drawing into consent their neighboring parts inhabiting both the Medullary and Nervous Appendages and thereby as it were conjure up stupendous storms and tempests made up of great impure Vaporous Matter darting it self into the Serous Liquor of the Brain which is thence violently forced into its Nervous outlets causing as it were a Hurricane making such a violent contusion of the Nerves and Fibres that it striketh down the Patient in the twinkling of an Eye with admirable violence to the ground where he laboreth under great vibrations of the Head and Neck grindings of the Teeth froth about the Mouth frequent motions of the Limbs against the ground and now and then the Precordia and Hypoconders are puffed up with great and frequent strokes upon the Breast So that the Precordia being Convulsed can make but disorderly Contractions and the Blood ready to quit its motion to the great oppression of the Heart threatneth the putting out of the gentle flame of Life whence the Patient not by any direction of the Will but a meer instinct of Nature giveth many repeated strokes upon the Thorax whence arise brisk concussions of the Precordia which prove as so many sollicitations to revive their drooping motions to redeem the Blood from Stagnation and the Heart from its load and perplexity so that sometimes all these sad Scenes are quickly changed and afterwards are represented more pleasant Interludes of ease and repose And now I will omit any farther discourse of this Disease designing to give a more full History in the next Chapter And in order to give you a more clear and general account of Convulsive motions which highly aggrieve the Brain and its rational and sensitive functions two considerables do chiefly offer themselves the Subject and the Causes of this Disease As to the first I humbly conceive it to be the tender fibrous Compage of the Brain which being endued with acute sense The subject of Convulsive motions is liable to many preternatural and irregular motions sometimes of the Fibrils other times of the middle and extremities of the Nerves besetting the Brain Viscera and other parts of the Body In Malignant Fevers and other Diseases of the Body The origen of the afflicted in Convulsive motions the Venenate nature as also other saline and sulphureous Particles of the Blood do infect the Nervous Liquor in the Cortex of the Brain which being entertained into the extremities do highly disorder the origens of the Nerves The body and middle of the Nerves concerned in Convulsions and as the Animal Liquor tainted with heterogeneous Particles is farther transmitted into the fibrous Compage of the Brain and other more remote parts of the middle and lowest Apartiment it violently annoyeth the middle and body of the Nerves as infesting their numerous Plexes And when the irritating Humors are carried into the Muscles and remote Coasts of the Body affecting the membranous and tendinous parts they may be properly said to be seated in the extremities and terminations of the Nerves The termination of the Nerves affected in Convulsive motions The causes of Convulsive motion The evident cause may be evident when the Succus Nervosus or Animal Spirits are discomposed and the fibrous Compage of the Brain being much debilitated is violently agitated by vehement Passions The Procatarctick cause of Convulsive motions supposeth a disposition of Humors in the Body The Procatarctick cause of this Disease which being endued with highly Fermentative Elements of the Blood do vitiate the Animal Liquor and Spirits by rendring them too Elastick highly expanding the Filaments of the Nervous Fibrils whereupon they briskly contract themselves to discharge the offensive Particles of the Nervous Juice The continent cause of Convulsive motions The continent cause of Convulsive motions cannot be derived from Inanition and Repletion the Antients have fetched from Inanition and Repletion which they illustrate by an instance of Lether or Musical Strings which contract themselves when moistned with much Air or shrunk up with much drought this Opinion seemeth very improbable by reason the abbreviation of the Nerves cannot produce variety of postures in the Muscles proceeding from irritated Humors putting the Nerves into various irregular motions and farthermore the being macerated in a great quantity of watry Recrements in an Anasarca are rendred weak and flaccid whereby they become unable to produce strong Convulsive motions The continent cause of Convulsive motions which are acted by the Elastick Particles of the Blood caused by nitro-sulphureous Particles depraving the Nervous Liquor puffing up the Filaments of the Nerves whereupon they make a great renitence or opposition by powerful contractions to squeeze out the offensive Matter disquieting the Animal Spirits and irritating the tender Filaments of Nerves The Convulsive motions are more or less universal as the Succus Nervosus infected with Nitro-saline or acid Ferments is carried out of the fibrous Compage of the Brain into a greater or less company of Nerves so that the Tendons of more or fewer Muscles are unnaturally contracted whence proceed great variety of horrid Symptoms attending several parts of the Body which may be reduced principally to Three Heads The first may proceed from a poysonous nature The second from Malignant Fevers not well determined whereupon the matter of the Disease being not duly discharged is carried into the fibrous Compage of the Brain and into the many pairs of Nerves sprouting out of the Brain The third Head of Convulsive motions may take its rise from the Succus Nervosus losing its native sweet bounty and degenerating into a sharpe acid Fermentative Liquor highly afflicting the Animal Spirits and productive of Convulsive motions CHAP. LXXI Of the Falling-Sickness HAving treated of Convulsion and Convulsive motions under a general Notice I will now discourse of them in particular of the Falling-Sickness attended with a dismal rout of Convulsive agitations of the Muscular Parts seated in the Limbs and Trunk of the Body This terrible Disease hath many appellatives fetched from the nature properties and symptoms of it And is styled by the Greeks The Names of the Falling-sickness 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the sudden seisure of the functions of the rational and sensitive Faculties And 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 either because it is a great Disease or as a miraculous Disease coming from a Divine power And is called by Hipocrates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by reason it is familiar to Children and named by the Latines Caducus a Cadendo and Comitialis as persons labouring of this Disease are interdicted the Comitia And hath the denomination of Lunaticus

in their Contractions do close the Teeth and Mouth by drawing the lower Jaw upward but the Digastrici give a contrary motion to them The third pair of Muscles appertaining to the lower Mandible are the Quadrati and do take their rise from the top of the Sternon Clavicle Scapuia and hinder part of the Neck and are implanted with oblique Fibres into the Chin and do draw the lower Jaw downward and by pulling them downward do open the Teeth and Mouth The third pair of Muscles which concern the lower Mandible are the Quadrati and are Muscular Expansions or Membranes interlined with Muscular substances and deriving their origen from the upper parts of the Sternon Clavicle Scapula and hinder part of the Neck are inserted with oblique Fibres into the Chin These also being Antagonists to the Temporal Muscles do assist the Digastrici and in their Contractions do depress the lower Mandible thereby parting the upper Teeth and Lip from the nether do open the Mouth These Muscles having a contexture of many carnous oblique Fibres great Care ought to be taken least they be wounded in a transverse Incision whence may ensue Convulsions to which some attribute the cause of a Spasmus Cynicus The fourth pair of Muscles of the lower Mandible the Masseteres do borrow their rise from the Os Jugale and are inserted into the lower mandible because the Musculi Quadrati being chiefly inserted into the Chin do also transmit some Fibres into the Lips which being violently Contracted may contribute somewhat to the distortion of the Mouth The fourth pair of Muscles of the lower Mandible are called Masseteres and having partly fleshy and partly Nervous Originations are derived from the lower and inward region of the Os Jugale and from the upper Mandible beginning in a kind of Angle near the Ear and running along with a broad Origination and descending are implanted very broad and strongly into the lower Mandible The fifth pair are the Pterigoidei Interni which arise from the inside of Processus Pterigoeidei and do terminate in the lower mandible which they carry outward These Muscles being furnished with great variety of Fibres running different ways do by several Contractions move the lower Mandible inward outward and forward The fifth pair of Muscles serving the lower Mandible are the Pterigoeidei Interni short and thick Muscles arising from the inside of the Processus Pterigoeidei do terminate with broad and strong Tendons into the inferior and inside of the lower Mandibles which they carry outward in their Contractions The sixth pair of Muscles subservient to the lower Mandible The sixth pair of muscles of the lower Mandible the Pterigoeidei Externi do arise out of the outward region of the Os Pterigoeidei and are inserted into the inside of the lower Jaw and pull it inward are the Pterigoeidei Externi consisting of double fleshy and Nervous Origens and take their rise from the outward region of the Processus Pterigoeides are inserted into the inside of the lower Mandible and pull them inward in their Contractions CHAP. XI Of the manner of Chewing preparing the Aliment for Concoction THe act of Mastication The Muscles concerned in Mastication are those of the lower Mandible is performed by the joynt concurrence of some Muscles and successive Motion of others in which the Temporal Masseteres Pterigoeidei Externi and Interni are most concerned with the Buccinatores and the Tongue for the motion of the Digastrici is ambulatory to the other Muscles which by depressing the lower Mandible open the Mouth for the reception of Aliment and immediately after the Temporal Muscles do elevate the lower Mandible and close the Teeth with the Meat So that the Musculi Digastrici The Musculi Digastrici and Quadrati are the depressors of the lower Mandible and the Temporal Muscles are the elevators of it and Quadrati often depressing the lower Mandible do part the Teeth and the Musculi Temporales as frequently closing them do by their contrary Successive Motions stamp the Meat as it were in a Mortar And the Pterigoeidei Interni and Externi with the Masseteres break it also into small pieces after another manner grinding it as it were in a Mill. The Pterigoeidei Interni The Pterigoeidoi Interni do draw the lower Mandible outward And the Pteriogoeidei Externi do move the lower Mandible inward drawing the lower Mandible outward and the Pterigoeidei Externi pulling it inward and the Masseteres by reason of various Fibres decussating each other in several Angles perform both the motions of the Pterigoeidei Interni and Externi assisting them in their different Contractions by which they force the lower Mandible inward and outward for the better Comminution of the Aliment in Mastication and for the more easie Celebration of it the Buccinatores and the Tongue give a very useful Concurrence in keeping the Meat in its due place The Buccinatores by their Contractions put the Meat inward into the Mouth upon the Tongue which being moved by one of the Styloglossi throweth the Aliment outward When it is too much inward the Tongue by its Oblique Motion caused by one of the Musculi Styloglossi for both moving together carry the Tongue upward throweth it outward upon the Teeth and if the Aliment be carried too much outward the Buccinatores Contracting themselves inward reduce the Meat from the Cheek to the Teeth CHAP. XII Of the Vses of Chewing HAving Treated of the Instruments and Manner how Mastication is Celebrated I conceive it not improper to lay before you the Uses of it The use of Mastication is to break the Meat into small Particles and to mix it with Salival Liquor which giveth it a preparation to Concoction The first may be to give a Comminution of Aliment not only for the easier Deglutition but also to blend it with Salival Juice and Aery and Aethereal Particles as so many different Ferments to give the Aliment a kind of Concoction or at least the first Rudiments of it in the Mouth The lower Mandible by the assistance of Antagonist Muscles being variously moved up and down outward and inward doth squeese the Parotide Glands seated near the hinder Process of the lower Mandible as also the inward Maxillary Glands The motion of the lower Mandible in various postures squceseth out the Salival Liquor out of the Parotide Maxillary and Oral Glands into the Mouth lodged in the inside of the Maxilla Inferior and the Tongue moreover in the time of Mastication being often elevated and depressed and moved laterally compresseth the Glands besetting its substance as also the adjacent Glands of the Tonfils and Palate Whereupon the Salival Liquor freely destilling as well out of the Parotide Maxillary and Tonsillary Glands as those of the Tongue and Palate incorporates with the Aliment broken into small pieces which is the second use of Mastication The Air mixed with the broken Aliment in respiration and being of active

the Heart A fourth cause of the inordinate motion of the Heart may be deduced from the Nerves A fourth cause of Convulsive motions in the Heart animating the Carnous Fibres of the Arteries which do interrupt the equal and natural course of the Blood by reason the Cavities of the Arteries are very much narrowed by the Convulsion of the Nerves inserted into the Carnous Fibres whereupon the impulse of Blood is stopped as in the disorder of the Nerves in great passions of Anger Fear Sorrow and the like which cause great consternation and confusion So that it is probable that the Trunk of the Aorta being very much lessened by the Convulsion of the Nervous Fibril drawing the Carnous seated in the Coat of the great Artery adjoyning to the left Chamber of the Heart much hinder the motion of the Blood out of the Heart into the Aorta whereupon the Ventricle of the Heart being highly distended by overmuch Blood will cause many violent Pulsations or Convulsive Contractions to discharge the exuberant quantity of Blood into the Orifice of the great Artery Persons subject to immoderate passion of Anger Grief Joy and those that are much afflicted with Hypocondriacal and Scorbutical Diseases are very obnoxious upon every light occasion and sometimes without any provocation to passions and convulsive motions of the Heart called vulgarly the Palpitations of it as having the Cardiack Nerves affected with a gross Succus Nutricius proceeding from ill humors in a Cachectick body oppressed with Acide Ferments of the Blood acted also with gross saline Particles Palpitations of the Heart also proceed from a great quantity of Blood ready to suffocate the Heart and put the Fibres of the Heart into inordinate Motions as well as the Nerves highly irritated by an exuberance of Blood compressing of the Heart and thereby hindring the passage of the Nervous Liquor in the Interstices of the Filaments often productive of Convulsive motions afflicting the Heart These irregular motions are also generated in the origen of the Nerves when they are disordered with some Acrimonious Matter vellicating the Fibres seated in the ambient parts of the Brain As to the Cure of these Convulsive Motions producing a great exuberance of Stagnant Vital Liquor in the Heart it denoteth frequent opening of a Vein to sollicite the motion of Stagnant Blood to abase its quantity And in reference to the cause of Convulsions seated in the Nerves producing the palpitation of the Heart Cephalick Apozemes Electuaries Spirit of Hearts Horn Spirit of Amber Succinated c. may be of great use CHAP. XX. Of the Motion of the Blood HAving given my Sentiments of the Structure and Motion of the Heart I will now Treat of the Motion of the Blood as the End and Complement of the other by reason the Heart is designed by Nature to be a rare Engine of Motion to make good the circulation of the Vital Liquor The All Wise and Omnipotent Agent created Man as the Soveraign of this lower Orb after his own Image and inspired him with the Spirit of life conserved by Motion of the Blood and to this end the Grand Architect hath framed a fit Apparatus of Organs the Heart as a noble Blood-work furnished with numerous appendages of Channels as so many Sanguiducts the Veins and Arteries to import and export streams of Blood to and from the Heart as a choice Engine to promote the Motion of the Blood the great preservative of Life In order to the better understanding of the Motion of the Blood these Considerables may seem to offer themselves to our notice First The manner how this Motion is accomplished Secondly What quantity of Blood passeth through the chambers of the Heart in a short space of time Thirdly The Cisterns and Ducts through which this noble Liquor floweth out of the Heart first into the Lungs and after runs into all parts of the Body And Lastly the end to which the Motion of the Blood is consigned The manner of the motion of the vital Liquor The Motion of the vital Liquor is performed by the Diastole and Systole of the Heart the First is rather a Laxament than a Motion wherein its Fibres are relaxed by streams of Blood expanding the cavities of the Heart which being received through numerous Pores into the inward Compage of the fleshy fibres do enlarge their Dimensions and put them upon greater and greater Contractions as they more and more approach the center whereby the Concave surface of the Ventricles grow less and less as they approach nearer and nearer to each other In the Diastole of the distended fibres The Ventricles of the Heart are distended with Blood in the Diastole and emptied by a Systole the Ventricles are dilated with a quantity of Blood filling up their Cavities and in the Systole their concave Perimeter is taken up with fleshy fibres having imbibed innumerable drops of Blood whereupon the inward swelled walls of the Heart being drawn close to each other do squeeze the drops contained in the pores of the Fibres and the greater streams of Blood lately received into the empty spaces of the Ventricles into the neighbouring Arteries to make good the Motion of the Blood As to the manner how the motion of the vital Juyce is managed out of the Cistern of the Heart into the adjacent Sanguiducts The manner how the Motion of the Blood is made in the Blood-Vessels some conceive it to be acted mechanically by a spiral wreathing of the Fibres after the same manner as water is squeezed out of wet Cloaths by a greater and greater winding them round whereby the drops of liquor lodged in the many interstices of the Filaments do quit their Allodgments but it may be proved by Reason and ocular Demonstration that there can be no such straining the Blood by the constriction of the Ventricles of the Heart by the same Organs and the same mechanical action by reason the filaments of the Cloth were laxe before their Contorsion as having many interstices obtaining a repletion by many drops of Water but afterward when the Cloth was variously modelled into divers wreaths the filaments were forced to make many Circumvolutions about the body of the Cloth whereupon the threads were not only lengthened into oblong Gyres but were also lessened in bulk and rendred more tense but the repletion of the Cavities of the Heart with Blood was made in a different manner from that of the Interstices of the Filaments of the Cloth filled with Water in which the Threads require greater Dimensions in length but the Fibres of the Heart are rather contracted according to the nature of all Muscular Fibres and the Cavities of the Heart grow greater in breadth as being expanded by the repletion of Blood and above all the Pores of the Fibres and Cavities of the Ventricles are not emptied by any Contortion as it is made inward in the Filaments of Cloth when the Water is squeezed out of their Interstices