from out of the Ocean which in those parts is very great and spacious and hauing drawne vnto it this great abundance of vapours doth suddenly dissolue them into raine and it is approued by many tried experiences that the raine and great stormes from Heauen proceed from the violent heate of the Sunne first as we haue said before it raines in those Countries when as the Sunne casts his beames directly vpon the earth at which time he hath most force but when the Sunne retires the heate is moderate and then there falls no raine whereby wee may conclude that the force and heate of the Sunne is the cause of raine in those Countries Moreouer we obserue both in Peru new Spaine and in all the burning Zone that the raine doth vsually fal in the afternoone when as the Sunne beames are in their greatest force being strange to see it raine in the morning And therefore Trauellers foreseeing it begin their iourneys early that they may end and rest before noone for they hold that commonly it raines after noone Such as haue frequented and trauelled those Countries can sufficiently speake thereof And there are that hauing made some abode there say that the greatest abundance of raine is when the Moone is at the full but to say the truth I could neuer make sufficient proofe thereof although I haue obserued it Moreouer the dayes the yeere and the moneths shew the truth hereof that the violent heaâ—e of the Sunne causeth the raine in the burning Zone experience teacheth vs the like in artificiall things as in a Limbecke wherein they draw waters from herbs and flowers for the vehemency of the fire forceth and driueth vp an abundance of vapours which being pressed and finding no issue are conuerted into liquor and water The like wee see in gold and siluer which we refine with quick-siluer the fire being small and slow we draw out almost nothing of the quick-siluer but if it be quick and violent it doth greatly euaporate the quick-siluer which encountring the head aboue doth presently turne into liquor and begins to drop downe Euen so the violent heate of the Sunne produceth these two effects when it findes matter disposed that is to draw vp the vapours on high and to dissolue them presently and turne them into raine when there is any obstacle to consume them And although these things seeme contrarie that one Sunne within the burning Zone being neere should cause raine and without the Zone afarre off should breed the like effect so it is that all well considered there is no contrarietie A thousand effects in naturall causes proceed of contrarie things by diuers meanes we drie linnen by the fire and in the aire and yet the one heats and the other cooles Pastures are dried and hardened by the Sunne and with the Frost moderate exercise prouokes sleepe being too violent it hindereth if you lay no wood on the fire it dyeth if you lay on too much it likewise quencheth for the onely proportion entertaines and makes it to continue To well discerne a thing it must not be too neere the eye nor too farre off but in a reasonable distance proportionable being too farre off from any thing we lose the sight and too neere likewise we cannot see it If the Sunne beams be weake they draw vp no fogge from the Riuers if they be violent hauing drawne vp the vapours they presently dissolue and consume them but if the heat be moderate it drawes vp and preserues it for this reason the vapours rise not commonly in the night nor at noone but in the morning when as the Sunne begins to enter into his force There are a thousand examples of naturall causes vpon this subiect which wee see doe often grow from contrarie things whereby we must not wonder if the Sunne being neere engenders raine and being farre off works the like effect but being of a moderate and proportionable distance causeth none at all Yet there remaines one doubt why the neernesse of the Sunne causeth the raine vnder the burning Zone and without when it is farthest off In my opinion the reason is that in Winter without the Tropicks the Sunne hath not force sâ—fficient to consume the vapours which rise from the Land and Sea for these vapours grow in great abundance in the cold Region of the aire where they are congealed and thickned by the extremitie of the cold and after being pressed they dissolue and turne into water Therefore in Winter when the Sunne is farthest off the dayes short and the nights long his heat hath small force but when the Sunne approcheth which is in the Summer time his force is such as it drawes vp the vapours and suddenly consumes and disperseth them for the heat and the length of the dayes grow through the neernesse of the Sunne But within the Tropicks vnder the burning Zone the farre distance of the Sunne workes the same effects that the neernesse doth without the Tropicks by reason whereof it raines no more vnder the burning Zone when the Sunne is farre off then without the Tropicks when it is neerest for that in this approching and retyring the Sunne remayns alwayes in one distance whence proceedes this effect of cleernesse But when the Sunne is in the period of his force in the burning Zone and that he cast his beames directly vpon the Inhabitants heads there is neither cleernesse nor drynesse as it seemes there should be but rather great and strange showers for that by this violent heat he drawes vp suddenly a great abundance of vapours from the Earth and Ocean which are so thicke as the winde not able easily to disperse them they melt into water which breedeth the cold raine in so great abundance for the excessiue heat may soone draw vp many vapours the which are not so soone dissolued and being gathered together through their great abundance they melt and dissolue into water The which wee may easily discerne by this familiar example roast a piece of Porke Mutton or Veale if the fire be violent and the meate neere wee see the fat melts suddenly and drops away the reason is that the violent heat drawes forth the humour and fat from the meat and being in great abundance cannot dissolue it and so it distils more away But when the fire is moderate and the meat in an equall distance wee see that it roasts handsomly and the fat drops not too suddenly for that the moderate heat drawes out the moistnesse which it consumes suddenly And therefore Cookes make a moderate fire and lay not their meate too neere nor too farre off lest it melt away The like may bee seene in anoother experience in candles of tallow or waxe if the wike bee great it melts the tallow or the waxe for that the heat cannot consume the moistnesse which riseth but if the flame bee proportionable the wax melts nor drops not for that the flame doth waste it by little and little as it riseth But this is
see no speciall matter at the Indies which is not in other Regions vnlesse some will say that the manner to strike fire in rubbing two stones one against another as some Indians vse or to boile any thing in gourds casting a burning stone into it other such like things are remarkable whereof I haue written what might bee spoken But of those which are in the Vulcans and Mouthes of fire at the Indies worthy doubtlesse to be obserued I will speake in their order treating of the diuersitie of grounds whereas they finde these fires or Vulcans Therefore to begin with the windes I say that with good reason Salomon in the great iudgement which God had giuen him esteemes much the knowledge of the windes and their properties being very admirable for that some are moist others drie some vnwholsome others sound some hot others cold some calme and pleasant others rough and tempestuous some barren and others fertile with infinite other differences There are some windes which blow in certaine Regions and are as it were Lords thereof not admitting any entrie or communication of their contraries In some parts they blow in that sort as sometimes they are Conquerors sometimes conquered often there are diuers and contrarie windes which doe runne together at one instant diuiding the way betwixt them somtimes one blowing aboue of one sort and another below of an other sort somtimes they incounter violently one with another which puts them at Sea in great danger there are some windes which helpe to the generation of Creatures and others that hinder and are opposite There is a certaine winde of such a qualitie as when it blowes in some Countrie it causeth it to raine Fleas and in so great abundance as they trouble and darken the aire and couer all the Sea-shoare and in other places it raines Frogs These diuersities and others which are sufficiently knowne are commonly attributed to the place by the which these windes passe For they say that from these places they take their qualities to be cold hot drie or moist sickly or sound and so of the rest the which is partly true and cannot be denyed for that in a small distance you shall see in one winde many diuersities For example the Solaâ—â—â— or Easterne winde is commonly hot and troublesome in Spaine and in Murria it is the coolest and healthfullest that is for that it passeth by the Orchards and that large champaine which wee see very fresh In Carthageâ—e which is not farre from thence the same winde is troublesome and vnwholsome The Meridionall which they of the Ocean call South and those of the Mediterranean Sea Mezo giorâ—o commonly is raynie and boysterous and in the same Citie whereof I speake it is wholesome and pleasant Plinie reports that in Africke it raines with a Northerne winde and that the Southerne winde is cleere He then that shall well consider what I haue spoken of these windes he may conceiue that in a small distance of Land or Sea one winde hath many and diuers qualities yea sometimes quite contrarie whereby wee may inferre that hee draweth his propertie from the place where it passeth the which is in such sort true although we may not say infallibly as it is the onely and principall cause of the diuersitie of the windes It is a thing we easily find that in a Riuer contayning fiftie leagues in circuit I put it thus for an example that the winde which blowes of the one part is hot and moist and that which blowes on the other is cold and drie Notwithstanding this diuersitie is not found in places by which it passeth the which makes me rather to say that the windes bring these qualities with them whereby they giue vnto them the names of these qualities For example we attribute to the Northerne winde otherwise called Cierco the propertie to be cold and drie and to dissolue mists to the Southerne winde his contrarie called Leuasche we attribute the contrarie qualitie which is moist and hot and ingenders mists But it is needfull to seeke further to know the true and originall cause of these so strange differences which we see in the windes I cannot conceiue any other but that the same efficient cause which bringeth forth and maketh the winds to grow doth withall giue them this originall qualitie for in truth the matter whereon the winds are made which is no other thing according to Aristotle but the exhalation of the interior Elements may well cause in effect a great part of this diuersitie being more grosse more subtill more drie and more moist But yet this is no pertinent reason seeing that we see in one Region where the vapours and exhalations are of one sort and qualitie that there rise windes and effects quite contrarie We must therefore referre the cause to the higher and celestiall Efficient which must be the Sunne and to the motion and influence of the Heauens the which by their contrarie motions giue and cause diuers influences But the beginnings of these motions and influences are so obscure and hidden from men and on the other part so mightie and of so great force as the holy Prophet Dauid in his propheticall Spirit and the Prophet Ieremie admiring the greatnesse of the Lord speake thus Qui profert ventos de thesauris suis. Hee that drawes the windes out of his Treasures In truth these principles and beginnings are rich and hidden treasures for the Author of all things holds them in his hand and in his power and when it pleaseth him sendeth them forth for the good or chastisement of men and sends forth such windes as he pleaseth not as that Eolus whom the Poets doe foolishly feigne to haue charge of the windes keeping them in a Caue like vnto wilde beasts We see not the beginning of these windes neither doe we know how long they shall continue or whither they shall goe But wee see and know well the diuerse effects and operations they haue euen as the supreme Truth the Author of all things hath taught vs saying Spiritus vbi vult spirat vocem eius audis neseis vnde venit aut quò vadit It is true that the Northerne winde is not vsually cold and cleere there as here In some parts of Peru as at Lima and on the Playnes they finde the Northerne windes troublesome and vnwholsome and all along the Coast which runnes aboue fiue hundred leagues they hold the Southerne windes for healthfull and coole and which is more most cleere and pleasant yea it neuer raines contrarie to that wee see in Europe and of this side the Line Yet that which chanceth vpon the coast of Peru is no generall rule but rather an exception and a wonder of Nature neuer to raine vpon that coast and euer to haue one winde without giuing place to his contrarie whereof we will hereafter speake our minde It is no generall rule there that the Northerne winde is neither hot nor
Who so would neerely looke into what hath bin spoken may likewise vnderstand that going from the West to the East in altitude beyond the Tropikes we shall finde Westerne windes for that the motion of the Equinoctiall being so swift it is a cause that the ayre moueth vnder it according to this motion which is from the East to West drawing after it the vapours and exhalations that rise of either side the Equinoctiall or burning Zone in countring the course and motion of the Zone are forced by the repercussion to returne almost to the contrary whence grow the South-west windes so ordinary in those parts Euen as we see in the course of waters the which if they be incountred by others of more force returne in a manner backe So it seemes to be like in vapours and exhalations whereby it growes that the windes doe turne and separate themselues from one part to another These Westerly windes doe commonly raine in a meane altitude which is from twenty and seuen to thirty and seuen degrees though they be not so certaine nor so regular as the Brises that are in a lesse altitude The reason is for that the South-west winds are no causes of this proper and equall motion of the heauen as the Brises are being neere to the Line But as I haue said they are more ordinary and often more furious and tempestuous But passing into a greater altitude as of fortie degrees there is as small assurance of windes at Sea as at Land for sometimes the East or North winde blowes and sometimes the South or West whereby it happeneth their nauigations are more vncertaine and more dangerous That which we haue spoken of windes which blow ordinarily within and without the Zone must be vnderstood of the maine Sea and in the great gulphes for at land it is otherwise where we finde all sorts of windes by reason of the inequalitie which is betwixt the Mountaines and the vallies the great number of Riuers and Lakes and the diuers scituations of Countries whence the grosse and thick vapours arise which are moued from the one part or the other according to the diuersitie of their beginnings which cause these diuers windes the motion of the ayre caused by the heauen hauing not power enough to draw and moue them with it And this varietie of windes is not onely found at land but also vpon the Sea coast which is vnder the burning Zone for that there be forraine or land windes which come from the land and many which blow from the Sea the which windes from the Sea are commonly more wholesome and more pleasant then those of the land which are contrariwise troublesome and vnwholesome although it be the difference of the coast that causeth this diuersitie commonly the land windes blow from mid-night to the Sunne rising and the Sea windes vntill Sunne setting The reason perhaps may be that the earth as a grosse substance fumes more when as the Sunne shines not vpon it euen as greene wood or scarse dry smoakes most when the flame is quenched But the Sea which is compounded of more subtile parts engenders no fumes but when it is hot euen as straw or haâ—e being moist and in small quantitie breedes smoake when it is burnt and when the flame failes the fume suddenly ceaseth Whatsoeuer it be it is certaine that the Land winde blowes by night and that of the Sea by day So that euen as there are often contrary violent and tempestuous windes vpon the Sea coast so doe we see very great calmes Some men of great experience report that hauing sailed many great passages at Sea vnder the Line yet did they neuer see any calmes but that they alwayes make way little or much the ayre being moued by the celestiall motion which is sufficient to guide a Shippe blowing in poope as it doth I haue already said that a Shippe of Lima going to Manilla sailed two thousand seuen hundred leagues alwayes vnder the Line or not aboue twelue degrees from it and that in the moneths of February and March when as the Sunne is there for Zenith and in all this space they found no calmes but alwayes a fresh gale so as in two moneths they performed this great voyage But in the burning Zone and without it you shall vsually see great calmes vpon the coasts where the vapours come from the Ilands or maine land And therefore stormes and tempests and the sudden motions of the ayre are more certaine and ordinary vpon the coasts whereas the vapours come from the Land then in full Sea I meane vnder the burning Zone for without it and at Sea there are both calmes and whirlewindes Notwithstanding sometimes betwixt the two Tropickes yea vnder the Line you shall haue great raine and sudden showers yea farre into the Sea for the working whereof the vapours and exhalations of the Sea are sufficient which mouing sometimes hastily in the ayre cause thunder and whirlewindes but this is more ordinary neere to the Land and vpon the Land When I sailed from Peru to new Spaine I obserued that all the time we were vpon the coast of Peru our voyage was as it was ordinary very calme and easie by reason of the Southerne winde that blowes hauing alwayes a fore winde returning from Spaine and new Spaine As we passed the gulph lanching farther into the Sea almost vnder the Line wee found the season coole quiet and pleasant with a full winde but comming neere to Nicaragua and to all that coast wee had contrary windes with great store of raine and fogges All this Nauigation was vnder the burning Zone for from twelue degrees to the South which is Lima we sailed to the seuenteenth which is Gautâ—lco a port of new Spaine and I beleeue that such as haue obserued their nauigations made vnder the burning Zone shall finde what I haue said which may suffice for the windes which raigne at Sea vnder the burning Zone It were a very difficult matter to report particularly the admirable effects which some windes cause in diuers regions of the world and to giue a reason thereof There are windes which naturally trouble the water of the Sea and makes it greene and blacke others cleere as Christall some comfort and make glad others trouble and breede heauinesse Such as nourish Silke-wormes haue great care to shut their windowes when as the South-west windes doe blow and to open them to the contrary hauing found by certaine experience that their wormes diminish and dye with the one and fatten and become better with the other and who so will neerely obserue it shall finde in himselfe that the diuersities of windes cause notable impressions and changes in the body principally in sicke parts and ill disposed when they are most tender and weake The holy Scripture calleth one a burning winde another a winde full of dewe and sweetnesse And it is no wonder if we see such notable effects of the winde in Plants
Shewing the reason why the Sunne without the Tropicks causeth greatest quantitie of waters when it is farthest off and contrariwise within them it breedeth most when it is neerest l. 2. chap. 7. Exceptions to generall rules The Authors experience Various and diuersified tempers of the Torrid Zone Causes of temperatenâ—sse vnder the Line and within the Tropicks Second cause That there bee other reasons besides the former mentioned which shew that the burning Zone is temperate especially alongst the Ocean Chap. 11. Arist. 〈◊〉 Dionys. c. 15. 〈◊〉 câ—â—l â—ierar That the cold windes bee the principal cause to make the burning Zone temperate Chap. 13. It is noted by trauellers that there is a hot winde sometimes neere to Balsara and Ormus which swalloweth mens breath and suddenly kils them Linschoten obserue at Goa the wind to blow twelue houres from the Sea and other twelue constantly from the land Temper of the Indies Of the windes their differences properties and causes in generall lib. 3. cap. 2. * We haue abbreuiated and to preuent tediousnesse cut off a great part of Acostas obseruations in the two former bookes as hauing handled the same in our Pilgrimage l. 8. where we haue shewed whence men and beasts might come thither and that the opinion of the worlds vnhabitablenesse betwixt the Tropicks is false for the daily raines when the Sunne is neerest the long nights therein great dewes the breezes and constant course of the windes the great Lakes Riuers height of Hills c. make those parts not onely habitable but more temperate then others and fitter for mans life there being more heat at and on this side the Tropicks then vnder the Line We here doe but cull ouâ— choise things for better vnderstanding the naturall historie of those parts for other things referring the Reader to the Authour himselfe Occasionally our notes shall elucidate those things also which are in the Text omitted * Vulcans as Aetâ—â— Hecla c. sulphurous earth whence â—â—re issueth Generall windes Monsoâ—â— Windes receiue their qualities from the places by which they passe Psalme 134. Ieremie 10. Herera hath shewed the height of the Hills to bee the cause of the windes constancy and raines raritie Eastern winde raineth betwixt the Tropicks That the burning Zone the Brises or Easterly windes doe continually blow and without the Zone the Westerne and that the Easterly are ordinarie alwayes there Chap. 4. Iuan de Gacos in Decade 1. lib. 4. cap. 6. They goe one way to the Indies and return another why Sayling 2700. leagues without sight of Land in two moneths See Candishes voyage Cause of the Brises Motion of the Primum Mobile carrieth the inferiour aire with it The Comet 1577. seene eight dayes sooner in Peru then in Spaine The Brize or motion of the air with the heauens is a winde Why withouâ— the Zone in a greater altâ—tude we finde alwaies Westerly windes Chap. 7. 〈◊〉 windes Of the exceptions to the foresaid Rules of the winds and calmes both at Land and at Sea Chap. 8. Cause of the variety of windes Simile Note Of some maruellous effects of the windes which are in some parts of the Indies Chap. 9. Silkewormes killed with South-west windes Exo. c. 10. 14. Iob 17. Ioan 4. Osâ—e 13. Dan. 3. The like Linschoten obserueth in the Terceras Sea sicknesse whence Agitation and Sea ayre Strange passion at Pariacaca by the ayre there Height of Pariacaca 〈◊〉 too subtile for mens bodies So we see Horses to beate the water with their feete to make it more grosse and thereby more agreeable to their bodies Vicunos Great Desart Punas ayre kilâ—ing Strange Story The same confirmed by a Iesuites report and a Dominicans Such effects of cold wâ— haue obserued in Russia and other Northern parts and the like Master Kniuet will tell vs at the Maggelan Straits No Mediterranean Sea of great note in America Terra firme Straight of land but eight leag betwixt North South Seas Herodotus Iouius Experience in Drakes and Maires voyage haue found them no straights but broken Ilands to the South contrary to our Author here See of this Sir Francis Drakes Voyage to 1. l. 2 I haue omitted Sarmientoes voiage c. The supposed Straight in Florida Of the ebbing and flowing of the Indian Ocean Chap. 14. The Philosophers in searching the cause of ebbing and flowing haue easily erred following the Greekes and Latines which knew not the Ocean and could not therfore know the cause * Hernando Alonso which with Sarmiento had gone to the Straights to seeke Captaine Drake At the Downes on our coast two tides meet one from the Westerne Sea or slewe the other from the North which there cause much varietie Of sundry Fishers and their manner of fishing at the Indies The Manati a strange fish The Whales also bring forth their yong aliue and nourish them with their brests being in that huge creature scarce twice so big as the breasts of a woman and farre lesse then those of many women Their foode is also Sea weedes Sharking sharkes They haue rough heads whereby they cleaue and sticke fast to the Sharke which thus are forced to caâ—ry them with their swift motion of whose off all also they liue Crocodiles * Yet so as euer and anon hee dips it in the water his tongue being so short that otherwise he could not swallow it Tigre kils a Crocodile Indians exploit on a Crocodile Whale killed by the Sauages Of Lakes and Pooles that be at the Indies Chap. 16. Thicke water Fishes and fishing Originall of Lakes Greatest riuers flow from Lakes Hot Lake and many wonders thereof Lakes of Mexico salt and fresh Râ—ch Lake Of many and diuers Springs and Fountains Chap. 17. Hot Spring turning into Stone Fountaine of Pitch Cold and hot Springs together Salt Spring which yeeldes Salâ— without boiling Pocke-â—pring Smoak Spring Inke c. Of Riuers Chap. 18. Maragnon or Amazons Water-fall Golden thirst Riuer of Plata increasing as Nilus How they passe their Riuers Haire and Straw Bridges L. 3. C. 19 Decay of people in the Indies by the Spaniards Corn groundâ— The Indies mountainous and thereby temperate Of the properties of the land of Peru. Chap. 20 One winde onely The Plaines the hils and the Andes See sup in Herera Raine almost euer and almost neuer Diuers Beasts Their bread The reason why it raines on the Lanos along the Sea coast Chap. 21. Of the propertie of new Spaine of the Ilands and of other Lands Chap. 22. Peru wine Sugar workes and Hides Indians wasted Of the vnknowne Land and the diuersitie of a whole day betwixt them of the East and the West Chap. 23. Of the Volcans or Vents of fire Chap. 24. Terrible earthquake at Guatimala Couetous Priest Causes of this burning Basil. Psal. 28. in exaâ— Of Earthquakes Cap. 26. Great earthquakes Noyse before the earthquake Why the Sea coast is subiect to earthquakes Earthquake at Ferrara terrible Aâ— Angoango Metals grow as
Idol-temple I found the Priests of the said Idols there For alwaies at the Kalends they set open their Temples and the Priests adorne themselues and offer vp the peoples Oblations of Bread and Fruits First therefore I will describe vnto you those rites and ceremonies which are common vnto all their Idol-temples and then the superstitions of the foresaid Iugures which be as it were a sect distinguished from the rest They doe all of them worship towards the North clapping their hands together and prostrating themselues on their knees vpon the earth holding also their foreheads in their hands Whereupon the Nestorians of those parts will in no case ioyne their hands together in time of prayer but they pray displaying their hands before their breasts They extend their Temples in length East and West and vpon the North side they build a Chamber in manner of a Vestrie for them selues to goe forth into Or sometimes it is otherwise If it be a foure square Temple in the midst of the Temple towards the North side thereof they take in one Chamber in that place where the Quire should stand And within the said Chamber they place a Chest long and broade like vnto a Table and behind the said Chest towards the South stands their principall Idoll which I saw at Caracarum and it was as big as the Idoll of Saint Christopher Also a certaine Nestorian Priest which had beene in Catay said that in that Countrey there is an Idoll of so huge a bignesse that it may be seene two daies iourney before a man come at it And so they place other Idols round about the foresaid principall Idoll being all of them finely gilt ouer with pure gold and vpon the said Chest which is in manner of a Table they set Candles and Oblations The doores of their Temples are alwaies open towards the South contrary to the customes of the Saracens They haue also great Bels like vnto vs. And that is the cause as I thinke why the Christians of the East will in no case vse great Bells Notwithstanding they are common among the Russians and Graecians of Gasaria ALl their Priests had their heads and beards shauen quite ouer and they are clad in Saffron coloured garments and being once shauen they leade an vnmarried life from that time forward and they liue an hundred or two hundred of them together in one Cloister or Couent Vpon those daies when they enter into their Temples they place two long Formes therein and so sitting vpon the said Formes like Singing-men in a Quire namely the one halfe of them directly ouer against the other they haue certaine bookes in their hands which sometimes they lay downe by them vpon the Formes and their heads are bare so long as they remaine in the Temple And there they reade softly vnto themselues not vttering any voice at all Whereupon comming in amongst them at the time of their superstitious deuotions and finding them all sitting mute in manner aforesaid I attempted diuers waies to prouoke them vnto speech and yet could not by any meanes possible They haue with them also whithersoeuer they goe a certaine string with an hundred or two hundred Nut-shels thereupon much like to our bead-roll which wee carrie about with vs. And they doe alwaies vtter these words Ou mam Hactani God thou knowest as one of them expounded it vnto me And so often doe they expect a reward at Gods hands as they pronounce these words in remembrance of God Round about their Temple they doe alwaies make a faire Court like vnto a Church-yard which they enuiron with a good wall and vpon the South part thereof they build a great Portall wherein they sit and conferre together And vpon the top of the said Portall they pitch a long Pole right vp exalting it if they can aboue all the whole Towne besides And by the same Pole all men may know that there stands the Temple of their Idols These rites and ceremonies aforesaid be common vnto all Idolaters in those parts Going vpon a time towards the foresaid Idoll-temple I found certaine Priests sitting in the outward Portall And those which I saw seemed vnto mee by their shauen beards as if they had beene French men They wore certaine ornaments vpon their heads made of Paper The Priests of the foresaid Iugures doe vse such attire whithersoeuer they goe They are alwaies in their Saffron coloured Iackets which bee very straight being laced or buttened from the bosome right downe after the French fashion and they haue a Cloake vpon their left shoulder descending before and behind vnder their right arme like vnto a Deacon carrying the houssel-box in time of Lent Their letters or kind of writing the Tartars did receiue They begin to write at the top of their paper drawing their lines right downe and so they reade and multiply their lines from the left hand to the right They doe vse certaine papers and characters in their Magicall practices Whereupon their Temples are full of such short scrolls hanged round about them Also Mangu-Can hath sent letters vnto your Maiestie written in the language of the Moals or Tartars and in the foresaid hand or letter of the Iugures They burne their dead according to the ancient custome and lay vp the ashes in the top of a Pyramis Now after I had sate a while by the foresaid Priests and entred into their Temple and seene many of their Images both great and small I demanded of them what they beleeued concerning God And they answered Wee beleeue that theâ—e is onely one God And I demanded farther Whether doe you beleeue that he is a Spirit or some bodily substance They said Wee beleeue that hee is a Spirit Then said I Doe you beleeue that God euer tooke mans nature vpon him Then they answered No. And againe I said Sithence yee beleeue that hee is a Spirit to what end doe you make so many bodily Images to represent him Sithence also you beleeue not that hee was made man why doe you resemble him rather vnto the Image of a man then of any other creature Then they answered saying we frame not those Images whereby to represent God But when any rich man amongst vs or his sonne or his wife or any of his friends deceaseth he causeth the Image of the dead partie to be made and to be placed here and we in remembrance of him doe reuerence thereunto Then I replyed You doe these things onely for the friendship and flatterie of men No said they but for their memorie Then they demanded of mee as it were in scoffing wise Where is God To whom I answered Where is your soule they said In our bodies Then said I Is it not in euery part of your bodie ruling and guiding the whole bodie and yet notwithstanding is not seene or perceiued Euen so God is euery where and ruleth all things and yet is he inuisible being vnderstanding and wisedome it selfe Then being desirous to
being ended the Bridegroome taketh the Bride by the hand and so they goe on together with their friends after them towards the Church porch Where meet them certaine with pots and cups in their hands with Mead and Russe Wine Whereof the Bridegroome taketh first a Charke or little cup full in his hand and drinketh to the Bride who opening her Hood or Vale below and putting the Cup to her mouth vnderneath it for being seene of the Bridegroome pledgeth him againe Thus returning all together from the Church the Bridegroome goeth not home to his owne but to his Fathers house and shee likewise to hers where either entertayne their friends apart At the entring into the House they vse to fling Corne out of the windowes vpon the Bridegroome and Bride in token of plentie and fruitfulnesse to bee with them euer after When the Euening is come the Bride is brought to the Bridegroomes Fathers house and there lodgeth that night with her Vayle or couer still ouer her head All that night she may not speake one word for that charge shee receiueth by tradition from her Mother and other Matrons her friends that the Bridegroome must neither heare nor see her till the day after the marriage Neither three dayes after may she bee heard to speake saue certaine few words at the Table in a set forme with great manners and reuerence to the Bridegroome If shee behaue herselfe otherwise it is a great prejudice to her credit and life euer after and will highly bee disliked of the Bridegroome himselfe After the third day they depart to their owne and make a Feast to both their friends together The marriage day and the whole time of their festiuall the Bridegroome hath the honour to be called Moloday Knez or young Duke and the Bride Moloday Knezay or young Dutchesse In liuing with their wiues they shew themselues to be but of a barbarous condition vsing them as seruants rather then wiues Except the Noble-women which are or seeme to bee of more estimation with their husbands then the rest of meaner sort They haue this foule abuse contrary to good order and the Word of God it selfe that vpon dislike of his wife or other cause whatsoeuer the man may goe into a Monasterie and shire himselfe a Frier by pretence of deuotion and so leaue his wife to shift for her selfe so well as shee can THe other Ceremonies of their Church are many in number especially the abuse about the signe of the Crosse which they set vp in their high wayes in the tops of their Churches and in euery doore of their houses signing themselues continually with it on their foreheads breasts with great deuotion as they will seeme by their outward gesture Which were lesse offence if they gaue not withall that religious reuerence and worship vnto it which is due to God onely and vsed the dumbe shew and signing of it instead of thanksgiuing and of all other duties which they owe vnto God When they rise in the morning they goe commonly in the sight of some steeple that hath a Crosse on the top and so bowing themselues towards the Crosse signe themselues withall on their foreheads and breasts And this is their thanksgiuing to God for their nights rest without any word speaking except peraduenture they say Aspody Pomeluy or Lord haue mercie vpon vs. When they sit downe to meat and rise againe from it the thanksgiuing to God is the crossing of their foreheads and brests Except it be some few that adde peraduenture a word or two of some ordinary prayer impertinent to that purpose When they are to giue an oath for the deciding of any controuersie at Law they doe it by swearing by the Crosse and kissing the feet of it making it as God whose name onely is to bee vsed in such triall of Iustice. When they enter into any house where euer there is an Idoll hanging on the wall they signe themselues with the Crosse and bow themselues to it When they begin any worke bee it little or much they arme themselues first with the signe of the Crosse. And this commonly is all their prayer to God for good speed of their businesse And thus they serue God with crosses after a crosse and vaine manner notwithstanding what the Crosse of Christ is nor the power of it And yet they thinke all strangers Christians to be no better then Turkes in comparison of themselues and so they will say because they bow not themselues when they meet with the Crosse nor signe themselues with it as the Russe manner is They haue Holy-water in like vse and estimation as the Popish Church hath But heerein they exceed them in that they doe not onely hollow their Holy-water stockes and tubs full of water but all the Riuers of the Countrey once euery yeere At Mosko it is done with great pompe and solemnitie the Emperour himselfe being present at it with all his Nobilitie marching through the streets towards the Riuer of Moskua in manner of Procession in this order as followeth First goe two Deacons with banners in their hands the one of Precheste or our Lady the other of Saint Michael fighting with his Dragon Then follow after the rest of the Deacons and the Priests of Mosko two and two in a ranke with Coaps on their backes and their Idols at their brests carried with girdles or slings made fast about their necks Next the Priests come their Bishops in their Pontificalibus then the Friers Monkes and Abbots and after the Patriarches in very rich attire with a Ball or Sphere on the top of his Myter to signifie his vniuersalitie ouer that Church Last commeth the Emperour with all his Nobilitie The whole traine is of a mile long or more When they are come to the Riuer a great hole is made in the Ice where the Market is kept of a road and a halfe broad with a stage round about it to keepe off the presse Then beginneth the Patriarch to say certaine prayers and coniureth the Deuill to come out of the water and so casting in Salt and censing it with Frankincense maketh the whole Riuer to become Holy-water The morning before all the people of Mosko vse to make crosses of chaulke ouer euery doore and window of their houses least the Deuill being coniured out of the water should flye into their houses When the Ceremonies are ended you shal see the black Guard of the Emperors house then the rest of the Towne with their pailes and buckets to take off the hallowed water for drinke and other vses You shall also see the women dip in their children ouer head and eares and many men and women leape into it some naked some with their clothes on when some man would thinke his finger would freeze off if he should but dip it into the water When the men haue done they bring their horse to the Riuer to drinke of the sanctified water and
this morning about foure a thicke fogge we saw a head of vs. The one and twentieth in the morning we steered North-east and East North-east two watches fiue or sixe leagues Then it grew thicke fogge And we cast about and steered North-east and East North-east two watches sixe leagues finding wee were embayed The wind came at East South-east a little gale we tacked about and lay South All this night was a thicke fog with little wind East we lay with the stemme The two and twentieth in the morning it cleered vp being calme about two or three of the clocke after we had a prettie gale and we steered away East and by North three leagues Our obseruation was in 72. degrees 38. minutes and changing our course we steered North-east the wind at South-east a prettie gale This morning when it cleered vp we saw the Land trending neere hand East North-east and West South-west esteeming our selues from it twelue leagues It was a mayne high Land nothing at all couered with snow and the North part of that mayne high Land was very high Mountaynes but we could see no snow on them We accounted by our obseruation the part of the mayne Land lay neerest hand in 73. degrees The many fogs and calmes with contrary winds and much Ice neere the shoare held vs from farther Discouery of it It may bee objected against vs as a fault for haling so Westerly a course The chiefe cause that moued vs thereunto was our desire to see that part of Groneland which for ought that we know was to any Christian vnknowne and wee thought it might as well haue beene open Sea as Land and by that meanes our passage should haue beene the larger to the Pole and the hope of hauing a Westerly wind which would be to vs a landerly wind if wee found Land And considering wee found Land contrarie to that which our Cards make mention of we accounted our labour so much the more worth And for ought that wee could see it is like to bee a good Land and worth the seeing On the one and twentieth day in the morning while we steered our course North North-east we thought we had embayed our selues finding Land on our Larboord and Ice vpon it and many great pieces of Drift Ice we steered away North-east with diligent looking out euery cleere for Land hauing a desire to know whether it would leaue vs to the East both to know the bredth of the Sea and also to shape a more Northerly course And considering wee knew no name giuen to this Land wee thought good to name it Hold with hope lying in 73. degrees of latitude The Sunne was on the Meridian on the South part of the Compasse neerest hand Heere is to bee noted that when we made The Mount of Gods Mercie and Youngs Cape the Land was couered with snow for the most part and extreame cold when wee approached neere it But this Land was very temperate to our feeling And this likewise is to be noted that being two dayes without obseruation notwithstanding our lying a hull by reason of much contrary wind yet our obseruation and dead reckoning were within eight leagues together our shippe beeing before vs eight leagues This night vntill next morning prooued little Winde The three and twentieth in the morning we had an hard gale on head of vs with much rayne that fell in very great drops much like our Thunder showers in England wee tacked about and stood East-Northerly with a short sayle to our feeling it was not so cold as before we had it It was calme from noone to three of the clocke with fogge After the winde came vp at East and East South-east we steered away North-east with the fogge and rayne About seuen or eight of the clocke the winde increased with extreame fogge wee steered away with short sayle East North-east and sometimes East and by North. About twelue at mid-night the wind came vp at South-west we steered away North being reasonable cleere weather The foure and twentieth in the morning about two of the clocke the Masters mate thought he saw Land on the Larboord trending North North-west Westerly and the longer we ranne North the more it fell away to the West and did thinke it to bee a mayne high Land This day the wind being Westerly we steered away North and by obseruation wee were in 73. degrees nearest hand At noone we changed our course and steered away North and by East and at our last obseruation and also at this we found the Meridian all Leeward on the South and by West Westerly part of the Compasse when we had sayled two Watches eight leagues The fiue and twentieth the wind scanted and came vp at North North-west we lay North-east two Watches 8. leagues After the wind became variable betweene the North-east and the North we steered away East and by North and sometimes East we had thicke fogge About noone three Granpasses played about our shippe This After-noone the wind vered to the East and South-east we haled away North and by East This night was close weather but small fogge we vse the word Night for distinction of time but long before this the Sunne was alway aboue the Horizon but as yet we could neuer see him vpon the Meridian North. This Night being by our accompt in the Latitude of 75. degrees we saw small flockes of Birds with blacke Backes and white Bellies and long speare Tayles We supposed that Land was not farre off but we could not discrie any with all the diligence which we could vse being so close weather that many times we could not see sixe or seuen leagues off The sixe and twentieth in the morning was close weather we had our wind and held our course as afore This day our obseruation was 76. degrees 38. minutes and we had Birds of the same sort as afore and diuers other of that colour hauing red Heads that we saw when we first made the Mount of Gods Mercy in Greenland but not so many After we steered away North and by East two VVatches 10. leagues with purpose to fall with the Souther part of Newland accounting our selues 10. or 12. leagues from the Land Then wee stood away North-east one VVatch fiue leagues The seuen and twentieth about one or two of the clocke in the morning we made Newland being cleere weather on the Sea but the Land was couered with fogge the Ice lying very thick all along the shoare for 15. or 16. leagues which we saw Hauing faire wind wee coasted it in a very pleasing smooth sea and had no ground at an hundred fathoms foure leagues from the shoare This day at noone wee accounted we were in 78. degrees and we stood along the shoare This day was so foggie that we were hardly able to see the Land many times but by our account we were neare Vogel Hooke About eight of the clocke this Eeuening we purposed to
Northwards as the latitude of sixtie fiue we were all separated by reason of contrarie windes and foule weather the Elizabeth in which Ship I was was stokâ—d that the water which was in her could not come to the Pumpe but lay vpon the balast which was the cause we could beare no sayle to keepe the Mary-margaret companie Yet by the thirteenth day of May I came to Cherie Iland and the foureteenth I spake with the Amitie The sixteenth day I met with the Mary-margaret which kept mee companie to Greeneland but in our passage thither we saw a banke of Ice to the East wards of vs aboue fortie leagues long The nine and twentieth of May we anchored in a place named by me the last yeare Crossroad but before we got thither wee were much troubled with Ice and contrarie windes and we found almost all the sounds full of Ice that the Biscainers could not strike one Whale although they saw diuers which as they said were of the best kinde of Whales I staid there till the sixteenth of Iune in which time we set vp our shalops and ranged some part of the Coast but found little by reason the beaches were couered with Snow and Ice Likewise in the same time I was put out of the roade with Ice and stood out West and by North into the Sea about foureteene leagues where I found a banke of Ice then I stood into the sound againe and got off the Shalop which was in the roade at which time which was about the eleauenth of Iune I stood to the Sea againe and had a storme at South which sunke our Shalop and I saw the Ice lye close to the Land in 80. degrees Then I went into Crosse roade againe and had a Shalop from the Mary-margaret and because I perceiued the Ice aboue said to lye close to the land and vnpossible to passe that way there running verie strong Tides in the which it is dangerous dealing with the Ice I determined to stand to the Southwards alongst the said Ice to see if I could finde the Sea open that way and so get to the Westwards of the said Ice and then proceeded on my Voyage but I found it to lye the next hand South South-west and South-west and by South and ranne alongst it about one hundred and twentie leagues at which time I supposed my selfe neere Greenland as it is laied downe by Hudson and others and called Hold with hope I ranne neere fortie leagues to the West wards of the Eastermost part of the said Land as it is laid downe and by my accounts I was to the Southwards of it neere the latitude 74. degrees where I saw abundance of Whales by the sides of the Ice for I sailed all this time sometimes in and sometimes by the said Ice and sounded most commonly each watch but had no ground at 160.140.180 and 200. fathomes Then the winde came to the North-west and I perceiuing the Ice to trend still to the Southwards determined to stand to Greeneland from whence I came there to make my Voyage and likewise to try the certaintie concerning the misplacing of the Land but the next day being about the seauen and twentieth of Iune the winde came to the North and I stood for Cherie Iland and came to it the nine and twentieth of the same Moneth where I found that place of my being when I supposed I should haue found Land did beare from Cherie Iland West and by South aboue one hundred twentie fiue leagues When I came to the Iland I saw about three hundred Morses on land but a storme comming they went all into the Sea The twelfth of Iuly we slue aboue two hundred and by the three and twentieth day wee had taken all their fat Hides and Teeth which with the Victuals we had laded the ship then I determined to hale vp a shalop to goe to Greeneland to search if I could finde any Land or Ilands that might proue beneficiall the next yeere and likewise to search for Teeth and Whales Finnes The foure and twentie and fiue and twentie dayes it was very much wind at North which caused the Sea to goe so high that we could not land Yet at eight aclocke at night the wind ceased and I went on land where I found certayne of the Marie Margaretâ— men by whom I vnderstood that the said ship was cast away and that Master Thomas Edge seruant to the right Worshipfull Company c. with Stephen Bennet Master of the said shippe and others to the number of thirtie persons were arriued on the South side in three Boats and that they parted from two Boats in Greenland with nine men in them Immediately Master Edge and Master Bennet came aboard and I weighed and stood to the West side of the Iland and anchored there and put neere one hundred Morse hides on land and some emptie caske and haled vp a shallop The six and twentieth day about noone we weighed and stood to the South-west side of the Iland and sent men on land to hale vp two shallops there And at mid-night I set sayle for Greenland carrying with mee two Biscaine shallops determining there to try the Blubber of those Morses we had killed and bring it to Oyle and to bring all the Oyle Teeth and Finnes which they had gotten in that Countrey And after diuers winds but indifferent faire weather I arriued at Blacke-point the last of Iuly and hauing the wind at North I was perswaded by diuers that had gone that way to go betwixt the Iland and the Mayne but when I was almost through and in sight of that place where the Mary Margaret lyeth sunke I could not find water enough for the ship yet I was told there was enough by diuers that had gone that way in the shallops Here we stayed two dayes to buoy the channell which is shoald and narrow for we had at three quarters floud but eleuen foot water The third of August I got ouer and about eight of the clockâ— at night I anchored neere the Mary Margaret the Sunne being in 79. degrees and there I found a shippe of Hull conducted thither by one Nicholas Woodcock he being in one of the Boats which stayed in Greenland when those came from thence that came to Cherrie Iland The ships name was called the Hopewell one Thomas Marmaduke being Master Here we found that hee had slaine aboue one hundred and thirtie Mohorses which were left on land when Master Thomas Edge came from thence with the Boats aforesaid and we did determine to kill at my arriâ—all Assoone as the ship was moored wee got out Blubber and sent it on land to bee brought into Oyle and wee followed our worke till the seuenth of August at noone at which time hauing Oyle by the ships side we put out all the Blubber which was in hold saue two tunnes and a halfe supposing the ship had
steered away North North-west and North-west and by North. This Euening about fiue a clocke I set the Annold it bearing West halfe Northerly three leagues and an halfe All this Euening wee stood away North-west and by North. The thirtieth day the wind at East South-east wee steering as before this morning about sixe a clocke the Lesold bore West and by North of vs sixe leagues off At fiue this Euening the Scaw bearing West South-west fiue leagues I directed my course West North-west with the wind at North-east and by East The one and thirtieth in the morning very hasie weather with a stiffe gale at East North-East we steering West North-west away till about nine a clocke when we had a shrinke of the Land which was the wâ—ster gate of Mardo we steering alongst the Land Wee came to an anchor in Flecorie where we were to make and take in wood and water The second of Iune we weighed and came forth of the Harbour of Flecorie about sixe in the morning hauing a fresh gale at East North-east About eleuen at noone I set the Nase of Norway it bearing North North-west foure leagues off The fourth day in the morning about two a clock we were faire by the high Land of the Yeddoe I causing to cast about stood to the South-wards West and by South and sometimes West This day at noone I found my selfe in the latitude of 57. degrees 45. minutes the Nase of Norway bearing East North-east two and twentie leagues off This day at noone also I cast about and stood to the Northwards lying North with the stemme hauing the winde at North North-west This afternoone dyed one of our Groinlanders called Oxo All this euening and the night following the winde as before we lying also North with little winde The seuenth day the winde at South-west and by South and South South-west we steering West and West and by North. This day at noone we were in the latitude of 58. degrees 40. minutes The tenth day about foure in the morning it began to blow a fresh gale at East and by South at which time we stood alongst the Land to the Southward till I had brought the South Head of Shotland called Swinborne Head North-west and by North about three leagues off and Faire Ile next hand South-west and by South eight leagues off at which time I directed my course away West with a fresh gale at East South-east about halfe an houre to three I set the South head of Shotland it bearing North-east eight leagues off Faire Ile next hand South-east seuen leagues off foule next hand North foure leagues wee still steering away West with a fresh gale at East South-east All this afternoone and the night following it was very thicke and raynie weather the winde continuing as before This night at midnight dyed the Groenlander which we had aboord vs named Omeg The fourteenth day the winde as the night before a faire gale we steering as we did before with haysie weather hauing a shrinke at noone I found vs in the latitude of 58. degrees 40. minutes hauing made a West and by South way Southerly two and thirtie leagues differing to the Westward from the Meridian of the Nase 19. degrees 45. minutes This afternoone we had a faire gale at South-east with thicke weather we steering away West The fifteenth day the winde as before we steering away West being by my imagination in the latitude of 58. degrees 40. minutes The three and twentieth day the winde at the North-east a faire gale we steering betweene the West North-west and the West and by North being at noone in the latitude of 56. degrees 10. minutes hauing by reason of a Northerly current contrarie to my expectation made a West way Southerly two and twentie leagues The Compasse also as I doe suppose being varied more then a Point to the westwards The first of Iuly wee saw Land being eight leagues off with a great banke of Ice lying off South-west wee setting our tacks aboord laid off East and by South and East South-east to double the same about two a clocke hauing doubled the same wee went away West and by South all this euening and night following This Land I did suppose to be Busse Iland it lying more to the Westwards then it is placed in the Marine Charts The second day thicke weather with the winde at North North-west we steering West and by North. This afternoone we were in a great Current setting South South-west The which I did suppose to set betweene Busse Iland and Freseland ouer with America wee steering West North-west with a faire gale at North. This night about nine a clocke the Pinnasse came foule of the Vice-admirall where with her anchor shee tore out about a foot of a planke a little aboue water and broke downe the beakes head The sixth making obseruation I found vs in the latitude of 58. degrees 50. minutes contrarie to my expectation whereby I did see the Southerly Current to bee the principall cause The seuenth day the winde at North and by East we lying West North-west being at noone in the latitude of 59. degrees 40. minutes our way North-west two and twentie leagues This euening I found the North Point of the Compasse to be varied 12. degrees 5. minutes to the Westward of the true North. The eight day the winde came vp more Southerly betweene the South-west and the South-west and by West with an easie gale we steering away North-west and by West being at noone in the latitude of 59. degrees 30. minutes hauing by reason of the Current and Variation made a West way Southerly about ten leagues The ninth day close weather it being calme all the forenoone wee perceiuing by our ships which lay becalmed a violent Current setting South-west This day at noone we were in the latitude of 59. degrees 40. minutes The tenth about foure in the morning the winde came vp to the North North-west I casting about stood to the Westwards lying West with the stemme being in the latitude of 60. degrees 16. minutes We saw the coast of America about nine leagues off at which time I made obseruation of the variation and found the Needle varie 24. degrees to the Westwards of the true North. The Hill tops were couered with snow and the shoare to the Northwards full with Ice but to the Southwards it seemed cleere Here I found a great Current to set West into the shoare which about midnight did bring vs to bee incumbred with very many Ilands of Ice hauing much to doe to get cleere off the same without danger but by Gods helpe it being faire weather with a fresh gale at South-west wee got cleere off the same standing East South-east and South-east and by East The fourteenth in the morning being cleere of the Ice I went away East North-east and North-east and by East till eight a clocke when I directed
my course North-east and by North being at noone in the latitude of 59. degrees the Cape or Head land which wee saw that night bearing West South-west sixteene leagues off All this afternoone and night following it was for the most parâ— still weather this euening I found the variation 23. degrees 55. minutes The sixteenth faire weather with a fresh gale at East South-east our course as before being in the latitude of 60. degrees 20. minutes the ships way North and by East northerly twentie leagues This afternoone and the night following the wind as before we steering still North-east and by North. The eighteenth also thicke weather being forced to stand away North North-west to double a great banke with great Mountaines of Ice almost incredible to be reported yet by the helpe of God wee passed the same sayling all this day by great and huge mountainous Ilands of Ice with the winde at South-west and by South being at noone in the latitude of 63. degrees 45. minutes Wee did see our selues beset round about with mightie bankes of Ice being forced to make more saile and to lye to and againe all this night to keepe vs cleere of great and small Ilands of Ice where many times we were in such danger that we did looke for no other thing then present death if God had not beene mercifull vnto vs and sent vs cleere weather where by his assistance we kept our selues very hardly and with great difficultie cleere of the Ice The nineteenth day in the morning cleere weather with a fresh gale at South-west wee plying amongst the Ice to see if wee could get a gut to get cleere of the same at which time wee saw the Land of America about the latitude of 64. degrees it lying next hand South and North being high ragged Land couered with snow the shoare being all beset with Ice So lying off and on amongst the Ice in great perill till about noone when God of his goodnesse sent vs to espie a little gut where wee went through and stood South South-east away comming still by many Ilands of Ice Heere I did finde both by my course and reckoning the variation also of the Compasse respected that wee were carried with a mightie Current to the Westwards as both now and afterwards wee did probably prooue and see the same For I setting my course from the coast of America in the latitude of 58. degrees and a halfe for the coast of Groenland North North-east with a compasse whose wyers were placed more then two third parts of a Point to the Eastwards of the North the variation being 23. degrees 30. minutes Northwesting and 24. degrees as by obseruation I found betweene the latitude of 58. and a halfe and 54. degrees yet I did finde my selfe contrarie either to mine owne or to any of their expectations which was in the Fleet with mee carried almost foure Points with the Current to the westwards ouer our iudgements The twentieth wee still sayled to the Eastwards by many great Bankes and Ilands of Ice being still compassed in wee being forced to stand to the Southwards to get cleere where being sometimes becalmed wee did plainly see and perceiue our selues carried into the Ice to the westward very violently This Current setteth West North-west The twentieth in the euening I found the Compasse varied 23. degrees The one and twentieth day in the morning faire weather wee espyed a gut through the Ice it seeming cleere to the southwards of the same where bearing into the same about noone wee were cleere of all the Ice by the mercifull prouidence of God Here I obserued the latitude it being 63. degrees 33. minutes Now hauing the one and twentieth day at afternoone caused the Admirall to call the other Captaines and Steermen aboord with whom wee might conferre and hauing shewed briefly my reckoning with the other euents which contrarie to my expectation had happened the cause whereof at that instant they did plainly see and perceiue They confessing the Current as they did now plainly see to bee the cause of the same So hauing done I gaue to the other Steermen directions that being cleere of the Ice they should goe betweene the East and the East and by North ouer for the coast of Groenland and not to the Northwards of the East and by North because of the former euents And now at this instant by Gods helpe being cleere I called to them giuing the same directions This afternoone and the night following it was calme This euening I found the Compasse varied 23. degrees 25. minutes The two and twentieth day at noone I found vs in the latitude of 63. degrees 20. minutes The three and twentieth faire weather the ayre very cold as with vs in the moneth of Ianuarie the winde variable betweene the East North-east and the South-east and by East being at noone in the latitude of 63. degrees hauing made a South-east and by South way eleuen leagues This day at noone I cast about to the Westwards the other ships doing the like lying North-east and by North with the stemme finding this euening the Needle varied to the Westwards 23. degrees 30. minutes The foure and twentieth the winde variable betweene the South South-east and the South-east and by South with raine and fogge This day about eleuen a clocke wee did see much Ice to leeward wherefore I cast about to the Southwards the winde comming to the East North-east wee lying South-east with the stemme supposing the ship to haue made a North and by West way halfe Northerly two and twentie leagues This afternoone by reason of the fogge we lost sight of the Lion and the Gilliflowre wee looking earnestly forth for them and shooting both we and the Vrin diuers pieces of Ordnance but wee could neither see nor heare them at which time the winde came vp Southerly we standing away our course betweene the East and East and by North. The fiue and twentieth wee had sight of Groenland being about ten leagues to the Southward of Queene Annes Cape Wee standing away East South-east in wiâ—h the Land with the winde at South All this night it did blow very much wee steering North by West and North North-west The seuen and twentieth day in the morning was reasonable cleere weather with a fresh gale at South South-west This morning betweene foure and fiue of the clocke I espyed Queene Annes Cape to beare East by South next hand of mee and King Christians Foord South South-east of me being thwart of Rumels Foord Queene Sophias Cape bearing North halfe westerly about fiue leagues off Therefore I thought it conuenient to put into Cunninghams Foord where the siluer was both in regard that I had sworne to his Maiestie as concerning the same and also because wee were expressely commanded to bring home of the same So hauing a faire gale at West South-west wee came into the aforesaid Riuer anchoring in a
bones and Iewels was gathered and laid vpon a rich Mantle the which was carried to the Temple gate where the Priests attended to blesse those deuellish relickes whereof they made a dough or paste and thereof an Image which was apparelled like a man with a visor on his face and all other sorts of Iewels that the deaâ— King was wont to weare so that it seemed a gallant I doll At the foote of the Temple staires they opened a graue ready made which was square large and two fadom deepe it was also hanged with new Mats round about and a farre bed therein in the which a religious man placed the Idol made of aâ—hes with his eyes toward the East part and hung round about the wals Targets of Gold and Siluer with Bowe and Arrowes and many gallant tuffes of Feathers with earthen vessels as Pots Dishes and Platters so that the graue was filled vp with houshold stuffe Chests couered with Leather Apparell Iewels Meate Drinke and Armor This done the graue was shut vp and made sure with beâ—mes boords and flored with earth on the top All those Gentlemen which had serued or touched any thing in the buriall washed themselues and went to dinner in the Court or yard of the Kings house without any table and hauing dined they wiped their hands vpon certaine locks of Cotten woll hanging downe their heads and not speaking any word except it were to aske for drinke This Ceremonie endured fiue dayes and in all that time no fire was permitted to be kindled in the Citie except in the Kings house and Temples nor yet any Corne was ground or Market kept nor none durst goe out of their houses shewing all the sorrow that might be possible for the death of their King In Mexico were twelue Iudges who were all Noblemen graue and well learned in the Mexican Lawes These men liued onely by the rents that properly appertaine to the maintenance of Iustice and in any cause iudged by them it was lawfull for the parties to appeale vnto other twelue Iudges who were of the Princes bloud and alwayes abode in the Court and were maintained at the Kings owne cost and charges The inferiour Iudges came ordinarily once euery moneth to consult with the higher And in euery fourescore dayes came the Iudges of euery Prouince within the Mexican Empire to consult with the Iudges of Mexico but all doubtfull causes were reserued to the King onely to passe by his order and determination The Painters serued for notaries to paint all the cases which were to be resolued but no suite passed aboue fourescore dayes without finall end and determination There were in that Citie twelue Sergeants whose office was to arrest and to call parties before the Iudges Their garments were painted Mantels whereby they were knowne a farre off The Prisons were vnder ground moist and darke the cause whereof was to put the people in feare to offend If any witnesse were called to take an oath the order was that he should touch the ground with one of his fingers and then to touch his tongue with the same which signified that he had sworne and promised to speake the troth with his tongue taking witnesse thereof of the earth which did maintaine him But some doe interprete the oath that if the paâ—tie sware not true that then he might come to such extremitie as to eate earth Sometime they name and call vpon the God of the crime whose cause the matter touched The Iudge that taketh bribes or gifts is forthwith put out of his office which was accounted a most vile aâ—d 〈◊〉 reproach The Indians did affirme that Necauâ—lpincintâ— did hang a Iudge in Tezâ—â—â—o for 〈…〉 sentence be himselfe knowing the contrary The Murtherer is executed without exception The woman with childe that wilfully casteth her creature suffereth death for the same The Theefe for the first offence was made a slaue and hanged for the second The Traitor to the King and Common-weale was put to death with extreame torments The Woman taken in Mans apparell died for the same and likewise the Man taken in Womans attire Euery one that challengeth another to fight except in the warres was condemned to dye In Tezcuco the sinne of Sodomie was punished with death and that Law was instituted by Necaualpincinth and Necaualcoio who were Iudges which abhorred that filthy sinne and therefore they deserued great praise for in other Prouinces that abhominable sinne was not punished although they haue in those places common Stewes as in Panuco The end of the fift Booke AN ALPHABETICALL TABLE OF THE PRINCIPALL THINGS CONTAINED IN THE FIVE BOOKES of the third Part of PVRCHAS his Pilgrims The first Number notes the Page the second Number directs you to the number noted in the back-margent of the Pages Right against which or betwixt that and the next number the note is to bee found Obserue that whereas many words may bee well written with I. or with Y. the Reader is to looke to both Obserue also that Name of Saints or Knights are not set vnder S. but in the Alphabet of their proper Names A ABaccu is the Caspian Sea 69.60 The largenesse of it 70.1 Abaseia or Habassia is India media 106.50 in Marg. Rich in Gold ibid. Abedalcuria 252.60 Abortion caused by an Herbe 991.40 Acapulco the Prouince and Port in the West Indies the Latitude 871.60 Acias or Akas so the Tartars call the Alanian Christians 10.10 Enemies to the Tartars 12.40 Achbaluch Mangi which in Tartars Language is the White Citie of the Mangi 90.1 Acornes as big as Apples 520 50 Accents the Chinois haue fiue seuerall 384.20 Accounts cast by graines of Corne 1053.50 Accord betweene Poles and Russes about chusing their Emperour 788.789 Acquaintance the Ceremony of beginning it 374 Acacron the Armenian Prophet 49.50 Acon the Citie Arabicke and Syriack vnderstood there 13.50 Adams Sepulcher in Zeilan 106.1 More of that Fable ibid. Adams-Apples grow in Persia 71.10 Adders of India their seuerall sorts and natures 976.1 Adem the Soldan of it discomfited 106.50 Admirals Iland 474.40 Sea horses there 512 Adoration the manner of it in Mexico 1027.30 1028.1 1046.60 Adoption practised in Russia 740.40 Adulterie punished with Death in Peru 1058.40 Adultresses Dowries giuen to poore Girles 276.10 Adulterie Witaldrie the punishment 182.40 Adulterers how punished in China 204.10 Aedgar the King his mightie Nauie 619.40 Emperour of the Ocean ibid. Aegeland and Halgeland discouered 212.1 Aequinoctiall vnder it moyst and raynie and why 918.40 Not so hoâ— as the Antients held it very cold in March causes of the temperature though the Sunne bee very hote the dayes and nights equall 920. No Calmes vnder the Lane 923.60.926 The Ayre vnder or neere it swifter then the Ayre about the Poles and why 925.30 Easterne and Westerne windes continuall vnder the Lino 925.40 See Torride Zone Aequinoctiall whither healthfull liuing vnder it 889.10 Aethiopian Patriarch 327.30
Fowle his fighting for Pâ—lchards 979.50 Coffins for buriall the Chinois curiositie about them 368.30.40 Coffin of Camphire preserues the Corpes 181. Cogno is Iconium in Armenia 69.40 Cohilouzaa a Citie in China ouerthrowne with an Earthquake for Martyring a Christian 269.50.60 270.1 Coia Acem the Pirat his Story 257 Coiat the Tartarian word for their Master of the Ceremonies 12.60 Coiganzan the Citie 96.20 Coilac a Citie of Merchants in Catay 20.50 Coyne of Russia with a Horseman and his Whip the occasion of it 419,10 Colla in Lapland 556.40 Colan the Tartarian name for an Asse 19.50 Colchis the extent Wâ—â—ddy and Mountainous called the Petigoren Prouince 636. Idolaters their Customes ibid. Cold extreame in the vttermost of the Torride Zone where it should be hoâ—e or temperate 896.40 Cold vnder some places of the Torride Zone 920.60 In the middle Region the cause 921.20 Cold neere the North Pole not so vehement as in 73. degrees 702.20 Cold extreame in Tartarie 27.1 Cold thickning the breath 415.1 And freezing men dead and cutting off their Noses Toes c. ibid. Cold raises blisters on mens faces 497.1 Cold inuincible where 497.60 When it began to relent in Noua Zembla 499. And increases againe ibid. 503.50 Cold of Russia the experiments of it 415.1 Cold stronger then Fire 496.20.498 It remedies stiflings ibid. Cold freezing the Cloathes on mens backes ibid. Cold stopping the breath 221.2 Cold preserues from Putrifaction 926.30 Cold in Noua Zembla makes the Beares and Foxes and Deere Snow-white Colgoiene Iland the latitude 533.50 Described 536.10 Colima the Prouince and Village in the West Indies the Latitude and distance from the Choacan 874.60 The Commodities 875.1 Collars worne in stead of Bands 459.40 Colledge in China 386.1 389.20 398. The credite of the Doctors therein ibid. Collins Cape in Greenland 571.10 Colmacke the Countrey 235.20 Colmans Point 592.30 Colmogro in Russia 214.10 223.50 Colours aboundance in Iapon and China 354.10 Coola the Towne 517.50 And Riuer 566.40 Colti what 102.10 Columbus his Proposition to our Henry the seuenth 807.20 c. Comanians are the Cumani 53.40 Whence they haue their name 114.30 Comanians where antiently seated 310. 12.50 Ouerrunne by the Tartars ibid. 114.30 Called Valanos and their Countrey Valania by the Dutch 11.1 Combats for tryall still in Muscouie 216.60 The Combatants sweare vpon the Crucifixe 722 Combustions about the Succession in Russia 420.30 Comedies of the Mexicans 1049.40 Birds Flyes Toades c. Personated in them 1049.50 Comedies in China 181.10 Comet seene by Day in Mexico 1020.60 Comet seen in Iapon Anno 15â—5 326.30 Comet 1577. seene seuen dayes sooner in Peru then in Spaine and why 925.10 It s motion Comhay a Port 256.40 Commencements in China 200.385.40.50 Their Commencement House 386.1 The manner of their Examination ibid. Common all is amongst Tartars 443.1 Common-wealth first to bee respected 443.1 Commodities of Pechora Siberia Permia Ougoria and among the Tingussies 522.40 Commodities exported out of China 365.10 Communion receiued but once a yeere in the Russian Church 452.1 Confession before it the Order first to giue both in a Spoone and then both kindes seuerally 452.10 Their mirth and fasting after it ibid. Comolen Ilandâ— 259.30 Comoron beautifull Women 242.50 Compasse made to goe false by Iron Nayles 514 Compasse the vse of it 241.50 Compasse varies not in Shotland Iles 567. Nor in Lofoote 581.50 See Variation Complements in China 391.20 373.20 Complement in Aethiopia 253.10 Composition betwixt Spaine and Portugall 330.10 Concha in China 100.10 Concombres aâ— Indian fruit the sorts and conditions 955.10 Concubines freely kept in Poland 629 Confession how extorted in Tartarie 25.30 Confession Sacramentall not known to the Nestorians or Armenians 38.20 Confession auricular imitated by the Deuill in his Idoll Ceremonies 1041.50 See Auricular Confession alowed vsed in Iapon a horrible Story of that 1042.30 Confutius the Prince of the Learned in China 347.40 Honoured with a Holiday Sacrifices Temple and Musicke ibid 397.30 His Age workes and Authoritie 384.50 385 Coniunction of the Moâ—â—e obserued in China 306.40 The superstitioâ—s vsed then ibid. 307 Conquerours are to prouoke the Enemy to fight suddenly but the Defendant is to protract time 148.60 Constellations 24. numbred in China 346.40 Contagion in Summer occasioned by milde Winters 637.1 Contomanni a people in Cataye 20.60 Contrarie causes producing the like effects 919.10 Controuersies ended by kissing the Crosse 434.10 The Order when both sweare ibid. Couersions of the Indians by the Spaniards what 1025.20 in Marg. Conuicted by Law are fined to the Emperour of Russia 429.30 How much 434.20 How afterwards vsed 434.30 Cookerie in Cathay 30.10 Copies of Patents kept in China 327.30 Copper Mines very hard in the West Indies 875.10 Copper workes 269.10 Copper vsed by the Indians for to make their Armour of 942.50 disused now Copper mixt with Gold in the Mine 943 Coquimbo Riuer in Chile the Latitude 899 Corai the Kingdome 324.20 Entred in hâ—stile manner by the Iaponians 325.30 They wanted Artillerie ibid. Coraâ—nie the Citie and Kingdome 109.30 Without Learning or Religion ibid. Corchu the Iland 308.1 Cardage of Reedes 97.20 Cordage of a Weede very strong it saweâ— Iron in peeces 9â—6 30 9951 10 Cordage of Wooll and Horse-haire in Tartarie 6.40 Cordi the Mountainous people of seuerall Religions 70.10 Coreâ— vnder the Chinois 309.60.377.10 Inuaded by the Iaponians ibid. Releiued by the Chinois against Iapon ibid. Quited by the China King ibid. Corela in Russia granted to the Sweden 795. c. Corelia the Countrey 443.40 Cormorant Fishing 363.60 411.30 The Fishermen pay a tribute for it 364.1 Cormorant Fishing in China 179.30 209 Corne flung on the new Married the meaning 454.50 Corne now growes in the cold parts of Russia 214 Corne buryed with the Indians to sowe in the next World 974.30 Corne and Wine why nâ—â—e in Noua Hispania 86.30 Corne on the ground the Indian Ceremonies for the growing of it 1045.40 Coronation of the Emperour of Russia the forme â—20 741. c. The exceeding Stâ—te of it ibid. Coronation of the Kings of Mexico 1006.10 His Charge ibid. 1009.20 His Oath fashion of his Crowne and Ensignes 1006.10 His Annoynting 1009.30 His Throne and Ensignes of Warre then giuen him ibid. 60. Orations made to him of his Charge 1006.1.1009.20.1011.20 Foure chiefe Electors 1014.40 He is led to the Temple to the continuall Fire before his Coronation ibid. The Feast and other Ceremonies ibid. They must goe to Warre before their Coronation to fetch in Prisoners to sacrifice to their God at the Inauguration 1006.1009.1017 20. The King offers Incense and drawes Blood of himselfe with a Griffâ—ns talon 1014. 1018.40 His Robes and Emerald hung in his Nostrils ibid. 1016.1 Maskes c. at their Coronation 1019.40 Coronation of the Inguas of Peru the Ceremonies 1055.1.10 Corpo Santo what oft seene at Sea 728.20 Corpus Christi Feast of the Papists imitated
Chinois to recouer the China State being vnquiet so long as the Tartar greatnesse continued and freed for the most part with their diminishing and diuision into diuers Estates As for these times of Tamerlan if this Story be exact it is like the Can held the North parts of China from Quinsay forward with Cataio and the King of China the rest then Nanquin being the Seat Royall as since the expulsion of the Tartars Paquin Or perhaps the Quinsay heere mentioned is that which Conti hath in the former Page told vs was lately built by the Can and not that which Polo speakes of in Catay and not in China which cleareth this doubt of the Cans residence and rule in China To reconcile all doubts is for mee too hard a taske because Cataio and China are euen still bemysted and leaue their Surueyers perplexed bounding the search of the most curious in searching their iust bounds how farre they are the same or differing wherein our Iesuites will more amuse and amaze vs where wee will cleare our selues as well as we can when wee come to them I haue premised Conti though Tamerlane be a little Elder for his Religions sake and to recreate with a little Relation before this longer Storie CHAP. VIII Extracts of ALHACEN his Arabike Historie of TAMERLAN touching his Martiall Trauels done into French by IEAN DV BEC Abbat of Mortimer §. I. TAMERLANS Birth and Person his Expedition against the Muscouite his Marriage with the Cans daughter his ouerthrowing of CALIX SVndry Histories doe attribute as a great want vnto the happie fortune of Tamerlan not to haue a Writer in his dayes which might haue left in writing his Historie vnto posteritie But without any cause did they moane him insomuch as his Historie is very famous amongst the Turkes and Arabians his Conquests very largely discoursed and many of his worthy and notable sayings collected with an infinite number of Noble deeds left vnto the memoriall of posteritie Very true it is that he had not an Homer but a great and worthie person learned as well in naturall Philosophie as in Astrologie who was in the time of this Prince a companion and familiar of his Conquests named Alhacen an Arabian by birth and of Mahomets Religion This Authour then being fallen into my hands in my Voyage into the East Countrey I caused the same to be interpreted vnto mee by an Arabian who did speake Frank as they terme it that is to say Italian and some time I spent in associating my selfe so with this man who commended greatly vnto me the eloquence and grauitie of this Authour wondering at his digressions and entring againe into his matter so well to the purpose It grieued mee much that I had not the perfection of this Language to be a helpe vnto the richer of this Historie for to deliuer it vnto my Nation with some grace but I tooke thereof as much as I could in his Language which was corrupted as is the Franke Tongue so they terme it which is a kinde of Italian mingled with Slauon Greeke and Spanish Tongues very common at Constantinople with the Arabian and Turkish Tongues so as I could not gather but onely the trueth thereof and not the drifts and grauitie of the Declaration wherein the Authour had collected it for posteritie and as he said by the commandement of the Prince who was a louer of learning and excellent in the knowledge of Astrologie and Diuinitie as the custome of those Nations is to ioyne them ordinarily together studying vpon the vertue of names and of the turning of letters euen in their placing writing them vnderneath Starres whereof they make sentences by meanes whereof they wrought miraculously in the things of Nature This is that Zoroastrien and Bactrien Science that of Balaam and some others in my opinion which hath succeeded vnto so many Arabian Astrologians Now then this Prince was endued with such knowledge as made him admired of the people where he commanded who are for the most part great wonderers insomuch as this caused him to be accounted a Prince accompanied with the Diuine vertue considering the iustice he vsed in all his actions This hath proceeded euen so farre that some Italians haue written foolish things thereof as of certaine kinds of Tents which he caused to be pitched when he besieged any Citie one white signifying peace it yeelding vnto his mercy another red signifying cruelty to follow and the third blacke signifying mourning to ensue But I finde not this in our Author and I beleeue them to be fables I will now declare vnto you with my Arabian who this great Prince Tamerlan was Hee was then of the bloud of the Tartarian Emperours and his father Og had for his portion the Countrey of Sachetay whereof hee was Lord. This Countrey lying betweene the North and the East is the antient Countrey of Parthia vpon the Coast of the Zogdians and the chiefest Citie of his estate was Samercand situated vpon the Riuer of Issarle Some of our Historiographers would needs haue him to be the sonne of a shepheard but this haue they said not knowing at all the custome of their Countrey where the principall reuenue of the Kings and Nobles consisteth in Cattell despising Gold and Siluer but making great reckoning of such riches wherein they abound in all sorts this is the occasion wherefore some call them Shepheards and say also that this Prince descended from them So his Father Og was Prince of Achetay abounding in such kinde of wealth And being come vnto the age of fifteene yeeres his father being already old deliuered vp vnto him the gouernment of his Kingdome with the commandement ouer all his Men of warre His father Og being giuen vnto peace withdrew himselfe vnto a solitary life for to serue God and end the rest of his dayes in quiet Hee gaue vnto his sonne Tamerlan which signifieth Heauenly grace in their Tongue two sufficient personages for to guide and assist him in the gouernment of his Estate the one was called Odmar and the other Aly persons in great dignitie and credit with his father Now this Prince was well instructed in the Arabian learning and exercised himselfe much therein and at such time as they thought him to be either in the Bathes wherein they are very curious in that Countrey being their chiefest delicacies he was in the contemplation and studie of heauenly things This Prince had within his eyes such Diuine beautie being full of such maiestie that one could hardly indure the sight of them without closing of their eyes and they which talked with him and did often behold him became dumbe insomuch as he abstayned with a certaine modestie and comlinesse to looke vpon him that discoursed vnto him All the rest of his visage was curteous and well proportioned he had but little haire on his chinne hee did weare his haire long and curled contrary to the custome of his Countrey who are shaued
on their heads hauing the same alwaies couered but he contrariwise was alwaies in a manner bare-headed and said his mother came of the race of Samson for a marke whereof shee aduised me to honour long haire This was the cause that made him respected of his men of Armes and the most part of them did beleeue there was some vertue in those haires or rather some fatall destinie the which many did beleeue to be so and verily they were of a dusky colour drawing toward a violet the most beautifull that any eye could behold His stature was of the middle sort somewhat narrow in his shoulders he had a faire leg and strong the strength of his body was such as no body did surpasse and often on the festiuall dayes he made triall of his strength with the most strong and this he did with such grace and humanitie that he whom he ouercame held himselfe therein most happie although it bee a disgrace amongst the Tartarians to bee throwne to the ground in wrastling Now as he was Martiall and desirous of glorie the first warre that hee attempted was against the Moscouite who came and spoyled a Citie which had put it selfe into his protection and had entred also into his Countrey and being retired proclaymed open warre against him gaue him battell neere to the Riuer Mascha although the Muscouite had a great Armie which hee had gathered together long before On the other side the Prince determining to resist him assembled all his forces and those of his allyes Now the Muscouite had very great forces and men well trayned vp in the warres hauing had alwaies warres with his neighbours the King of Polonia with whom hee had then friendship and the ayde of ten thousand very good Horse There were also with him many Hungarian Gentlemen led by Vdecelaus a Hungarian Gentleman who had brought with him more then eight thousand Horse the opinion was that hee had in his Armie fourscore thousand Horse and a hundred thousand foot-men Our Prince Tamerlan had in his Armie about six-score thousand Horse and a hundred and fifty thousand men on foot but not so skilfull in points of warre as those of the Moscouite for our Estate had long enioyed peace and our Souldiers were indeed trayned vp in discipline of warres but not in the practice thereof The order of Tamerlan was this that is he caused all his Armie to bee diuided into squadrons each consisting of sixe thousand Horse except his owne which was of ten thousand so as he made eighteene squadrons his owne being reckoned which made nineteene The Auant-guard was conducted by Odmar who led nine squadrons flanked with fortie thousand men on foot diuided both on the right and left sides who should shoot an infinite number of Arrowes The Battell was conducted by Tamerlan who led ten squadrons his owne being therein closed and fiftie thousand Foot-men the best and choicest Souldiers of his whole Armie Prince Thanais a kins-man vnto the Prince led the Arere-ward with fortie thousand Foot-men and sixe squadrons hee had some three thousand Horse aduenturers whom they call Oliagues in their Tongue the same which wee tearme The forlorne hope The Moscouite did not obserue that order but did fight by double Rankes with Lances and there was a space to helpe themselues therein and to breake them notwithstanding those Nations doe not breake them at all and they seemed to bee a greater number then wee making a great noyse At the length multitude and skill ouercame the force and valour of the Moscouites the victory bending to the Parthians side the which they did pursue hotly Tamerlan was hurt on the fore-head vpon the side of the left eye and had two Horses slaine vnder him in the fight Tamerlan employed himselfe in giuing God thankes for this victory after hee had pursued the enemy three leagues the next day he reuiewed his Armie and found that he had lost of his side for his part betweene seuen and eight thousand Horse-men and betweene three and foure thousand Footmen The Moscouite lost some seuen and twenty thousand Foot-men and betweene fifteene and sixteene thousand Horse-men This same day was Odmar the safegard of his Prince but he lost Hally who was slaine by the blow of an Arrow The Prince did slacke no time after so great a victory He set forward and came into the borders of the Moscouite whom he enforced to capitulations that they should become Tributaries of a hundred thousand Duckets and should pay all the charges of the War amounting vnto the summe of three hundred thousand Duckets he then would send backe againe all the Prisoners and withdraw his Armie that for securitie hereof they should giue him pledges which should be changed euery yeare vnto all which they agreed So was this Warre ended to his contentment returning with glorie vnto the Prince his Father Now Tamerlan was receiued into all his Countries with much honour and triumph The great Cham of Tartaria Brother vnto his Father sent Presents to gratifie him making offer vnto him of his Daughter in Marriage and that in marrying of her hee would cause him to bee acknowledged as Emperour throughout all his Kingdomes as his next heire himselfe being now old and out of all hope to haue any more Children Hereupon hee presently tooke his Iourney towards him being in the City of Quauicay where he was receiued with all kind of Triumph and Magnificence there did he shew himselfe braue in all manner of gallant Showes and Combats as well in jest as in earnest And as these Nations are full of vanitie and desirous to make shew of their strength and agilitie Tamerlan carryed away the Prize therein whether it were in shooting neere with his Bow or in changing Horses in the middest of the courses or in breaking an Iron in running at the Quintaine he made euery one wonder at his dexteritie and was crowned the sixt day after his comming thither with the joyfull consent of all the Subiects of the Emperour his Vncle and of all the Court. After that he married the Emperours Daughter desiring first to bee crowned before the Marriage to the intent that none should thinke that the Crowne came vnto him by meanes of her but by succession the Daughters not at all succeeding into Empires It was also to assure his estate and hauing remayned in that place by the space of two moneths hee returned from thence with his Wife to Samercand in which Citie hee delighted greatly to remayne because the situation thereof was very faire and for that the Citie is accompanied with a faire Riuer which causeth great Traffâ—que and maketh it richer then any Citie within that Countrey Odmar alone was called by him at such time as the great Cham his Vncle did impart vnto him his Affaires and amongst other matters he propounded vnto him the Enterprize of China promising him assistance and ayde and giuing him to vnderstand how necessarie it was