which he was wholly absorpt his senses suspended and tied up as it were in a sweet sleep by the content which he received from that consideration Seneca Epist 22. I delighted my self sayes he amongst other things to enquire into the Eternity of Souls and believing it as a thing assuredly true I delivered up my self wholly over unto so great a hope and I was now weary of my self and despised all that remained of age though with perfect and entire health that I might pass into that immense time and into the possession of an eternal world So much could the consideration of Eternity work in this Philosopher that it made him to despise the most precious of temporal things which is life Certainly amongst Christians it ought to produce a greater effect since they not onely know that they are to live eternally but that they are either to joy or suffer eternally according unto their works and life CAP. III. The Memory of Eternity is of it self more efficacious then that of Death ANd therefore it shall much import us to frame a lively conception of Eternity and having once framed it to retain it in continual memory which of it self is more efficacious then that of Death for although both the one and the other be very profitable yet that of Eternity is far more generous strong and fruitful of good works for by it did Virgins preserve their purity Anchorits perform their austere penances and Martyrs suffered their torments the which were not comforted and encouraged in their pains by the fear of death but by the holy reverence and hope of Eternity and the love of God It is true the Philosophers who hoped not for the immortality of the other life as we do yet with the memory of death retired themselves from the vanity of the world despised its greatness composed their actions and ordered their lives according to the rules of reason and vertue Epict. c. 28. apud S. Hier. in ca. 10. Math. Whereupon Epictetus advises us alwayes to have death in our mindes so sayes he Thou shalt never have base and low thoughts and desire any thing with trouble and anxiety And Plato said that by so much man were to be esteemed wiser by how much he more seriously thought of death and for this reason he commanded his Disciples that when they went any journey they should go barefoot signifying thereby that in the way of this life we should alwayes have the end of it discovered which is death and the end of all things But Christians who believe the other life are to add unto this contemplation of death the memory of Eternity the advantages whereof are as far above it as things eternal above those which are temporal The Philosophers were so much moved with the apprehension of death because with it all things of this mortal life were to end death being the limit whereunto they might enjoy their riches honours and delights and no further others desired to die because their evils and afflictions were to die with them If then death amaze some only because it deprives them of the goods of this life which by a thousand other wayes use to fail and which of themselves even before the death of the owner are corruptible dangerous and full of cares and if others hope for death onely because it frees them from the evils of life which in themselves are short and little as all things temporal are why should not we be moved by the thought of Eternity which secures us goods great and everlasting and threatens us with evils excessive and without end Without doubt then if we rightly conceive of Eternity the memory of it is much more powerful then that of death and if of this wise men have had so great an esteem and advised others to have the same much more ought to be had of that of Eternity Zenon desirous to know an efficacious means how to compose his life bridle his carnal appetites and observe the lawes of vertue had recourse unto the Oracle which remitted him unto the memory of death saying Go to the dead consult with them and there thou shalt learn what thou demandest There seeing the dead possess nothing of what they had and that with their lives they had breathed out all their felicity he might learn not to be puffed up with pride nor to value the vanities of the world For the same cause some Philosophers did use to drink in the skulls of dead men that they might keep in continual memory that they were to die and were not to enjoy the pleasures of this life although necessary unless alloid by some such sad remembrance In like manner many great Monarchs used it as an Antidote against the blandishments of fortune that their lives might not be corrupted by their too great prosperity Philip King of Macedonia commanded a Page to tell him three times every morning Philip thou art a man putting him in mind that he was to die and leave all The Emperor Maximilian the first four years before he died commanded his Coffin to be made which he carried along with him whither soever he went which with a mute voice might tell him as much Maximilian thou art to die and leave all The Emperors also of the East amongst other Ensignes of Majesty carried in their left hand a book with leaves of gold which they called Innocency the which was full of earth and dust in signification of humane mortality and to put them in minde hereby of that ancient doom of Mankind dust thou art and into dust thou shalt return And not without much conveniency was this memorial of death in the form of a book nothing being of more instruction and learning then the memory of death being the onely School of that great truth where we may best learn to undeceive our selves With reason also was the book called Innocency For who will dare to sin that knows he is to die Neither were the Emperors of the Abissins careless herein Nicol. God lib. 1. de rebus Abiss â—a 8. for at their Coronations amongst many other Ceremonies there was brought unto them a vessel fill'd with earth and a dead mans skull advertising them in the beginning that their Raign was to have a speedy end Finally all Philosophers agreed in this that all their Philosophy was the meditation of death But without doubt the contemplation of Eternity is far beyond all Philosophy it is a greater matter and of far more astonishment for the torments of Hell to last for ever then for the greatest Empires sodainly to have an end more horrible to suffer eternal evils then to be deprived of temporal goods greater marvel that our souls are immortal then that our bodies are to die Wherefore Christians especially those who aim to be perfect are rather to endeavour in themselves a strong conception of Eternity then to stir up the fear of death whose memory ought not to be needful for the
ever in Heaven And it is no marvel though this great thought of Eternity should make so holy a King to tremble when as the Prophet Abucâ—ch sayes the highest hills of the world bow down and quake at the ways of Eternity Damas in vita ejus The holy youth Josaphat at the representation of Eternity Hell being placed on one side and Heaven on the other remained astonished without strength not being able to raise himself in his bed as if he had been afflicted with some mortal sickness The Philosophers more barbarous and who had less light were yet daunted with the conception of it and in their Symbols made choice of things of the greatest of terror to express it some painted it in the form of a Basilisk a Serpent the most terrible of all other who kills with his onely sight there being nothing more horror then that eternity of torments whereinto we are subject to fall Conformable to this St. John Damascen represented eternal duration under the figure of a fierce Dragon which from a deep pit lay waiting with open jawes to swallow men alive Others figured it by a horrible and profound Cavern which at the entrance had four degrees one of iron another of brass the third of silver and the last of gold upon which many little Children of several sexes and ages stood playing and passing away the time without regarding the danger of falling into that bottomless dungeon This shadow they framed not only to set forth how worthy Eternity was of their fear and amazement but also to express their amazement at the folly of men who laugh and entertain themselves with the things of this life without remembring that they are to die and may then fall into the bottomless abyss of Hell Those children who were playing at the entrance of that dismal cave being no other than men in this life whose employments are but those of children and who being so near their death and therefore unto Eternity which succeeds it have neither fear nor care to leave the pleasures and vain entertainments of this world Truly it is a thing of great amazement that being in expectation of two such extreams as are eternal glory and torments without end we live as if there were neither The reason is because men set not themselves seriously to consider what Eternity is which is either hell whilest God is God or glory without end For this cause it is that they remain as setled and obstinate in their fading pleasures as if they were immortal the which was signified by these degrees of so hard Mettals But in David who seriously meditated and framed a lively conception what the eternity of years was it caused so great a fear and so awaked his spirits with care and diligence that it produced in him an extraordinary change of life in so much as he said with great resolution within himself Now I begin This is a change from the right hand of the most high Now I begin Comment in Psal 76. as Dionisius declares it to live spiritually to understand wisely to know truly perceiving the vanity of this present world and felicity of the future reputing as nothing all my life past nor all the progress I have hitherto made in perfection I will henceforth seriously take to heart with a new purpose a new fervour and a a more vehement endeavour the paths of a better life and entring the way of spiritual profit begin every day afresh And because he knew his heart to be so much changed he confessed his resolution to be miraculous saying This change is from the hand of the most high as if he had said according to the same Dionisius to have in this sort changed me out of the darkness of ignorance into the splendor of wisdom from vices unto vertues from a carnal man unto a spiritual is onely to be attributed to the ayd and most merciful assistance of God who by the knowledge of Eternity hath given so notable a conversion unto my heart This great thought of Eternity doth mightily enlighten the understanding and gives us a true and perfect knowledge of things as they are For this cause in some of the Psalms which David made with this consideration as we have already said he added this word understanding Psalm 6. or for the understanding that is to give understanding to those who meditate upon the end of this life and the eternity of the other and therefore despise the goods of the world By the experience of what happened unto his own soul the Prophet exhorts all men that they meditate with quietness and leasure upon the eternity of the two so opposite conditions which hereafter expect them that they may not only run but flie unto with profit and suffer with patience all the difficulty which attend upon vertue and therefore with great mystery promises on the part of God unto those who shall sleep between the two lots that is unto those who in the quietness of prayer shall meditate upon the eternity of glory and of hell that there shall be granted unto them the silver wings of the Dove and her shoulders of gold because the spiritual life consists not onely in the actions of our own good works but also in the patient suffering the evil works of others in lifting up our selves from the durt of this earth and and flying towards Heaven by performance of the Heroical and precious acts of vertue and not yielding unto the troubles and afflictions of this life which oppress us All which is by a lively conception of Eternity effected with great merit and perfection and for this reason did the Prophet express it by the similitude of those things which men esteem the most precious as of gold and silver But because to suffer is commonly more difficult then to do and consequently more meritorious although both be very precious for this cause he said that the shoulders should be of gold and the wings of silver This also did the Patriarch Jacob hold for so singular a good that he gave it unto his son Isachar for a blessing telling him that he should lye down betwixt the two borders that is that he should at leasure meditate upon the two extreams of happiness or misery eternal For this reason he calleth him a strong beast as having the strength of mind to overcome the difficulty of vertue to support the troubles and burdens of this life to suffer the scorns and disgraces of the world to undergo great penances and mortifications by considering the two eternal extreams which attend us And not onely amongst Saints but amongst the Philosophers did the quiet and calm consideration of Eternity produce a great love and desire of things eternal and as great contempt of all which was temporal even without looking upon those two so different extreams which Christian Religion proposes unto us Seneca complained much that he was interrupted in the meditation of Eternity into
and a vertuous life let us set before our eyes the forgetfulness and miserable mistakes of the Sons of Adam in a matter of so great importance living as if Eternity were far off when as the Philopher sayes it is not two fingers distant and every minute threatens them What devides the Mariner from his death but the thickness of a plank What the cholerick and hasty man from Eternity but the edge of a sword what the Souldier from his end but the reach of a bullet what the Theef from the Gallows but the distance betwixt that and the Prison Finally how far is the most healthful and vigorous person distant from Eternity but as much as death is from life which often happens sodainly and ought every moment to be expected The life of Man is a dangerous passage wherein he walks upon the brink of Eternity with a certainty at last to fall into it How lives he then so wretchedly He who should walk close unto a great precipice in a path no broader then the breadth of his foot and that also full of rubs and stumbling blocks how circumspectly would he look about him and how carefully would he order his steps how then is it that being so near Eternity he is so careless and lives as if he were out of danger In Histo Barla ca. 12. in fine St. John Damascen excellently declares the fondness and mistakes of men in a most ingenious Parable wherein he naturally sets forth the state of this life A certain man saith he flying from a furious Unicorn which with his very roaring made the mountains tremble and the valleys to resound not regarding through fear which way he went chanced to fall into a molt deep pit but in his fall spreading abroad his armes to catch at something which might relieve him happened to light upon the boughs of a tree which grew out of the side of that pit whereon he seized with much joy hoping he had then both escaped the fury of the beast and the danger of his fall but looking towards the foot of the tree he perceived two great Rats the one white the other black perpetually gnawing the root of it in so much that it was now ready to fall looking afterward into the bottom of the pit he beheld a most deformed Dragon with flaming eyes gazing upon him and with open mouth awaiting his fall that he might devour him then casting his eyes unto that side of the pit where the tree grew there appeared four poisonful Aspicks shooting forth their heads to bite him Yet notwithstanding marking the leaves of the tree he might perceive some of them to distil certain drops of honey with which he was so greatly pleased that forgetting the dangers which from so many parts threatned him he employed himselt wholly in gathering and tasting drop by drop that small quantity of honey without reflecting or making further account either of the fierceness of the Unicorn above him of the horribleness of the Dragon beneath him of the poison of the Aspicks aside him or the weakness of the tree which was ready to fall and precipitate him into that horrid Dungeon In this Image we see represented the Estates of men who forgetful of the perils of this transitory life give themselves wholly over unto vain pleasures By the Unicorn is signified death which even from the hour of Man's birth follows and pursues him The Pit is the world full of evils and miseries The Tree is the course of this life The two Rats the one black the other white which gnaw it at the root are day and night which continually seconding one another go by hours and minutes consuming it The four Aspicks are the four Elements or four Humours of which we are composed the which by the excess of any one of them distemper the whole frame of our bodies and at last destroy it That horrid and fearfull Dragon is the eternity of Hell which enlarges his throat and jawes to swallow sinners The small drops of honey are the pleasures and delights of this life and so great is the diversion which they cause that men for a short and momentary content consider not the many dangers unto which they are exposed and seeing themselves encompassed on all parts by as many dangers of death as there are wayes and causes of dying which are infinite and are so many mouths and gates of Eternity yet notwithstanding solace themselves with the momentary delights of this small drop of honey which shall at last cause them to disgorge and cast up their entrals for a world without end Wonderful it is that so great a forgetfulness possesses us and a matter full of amazement that we are not moved with so great dangers How comes it about that every minute a new day of Eternity dawning upon us we carelesly pass over so many dayes and moneths Let the most strong and healthful person tell me what one year he is assured of wherein death may not assault him and push him headlong into an eternal abyss But what speak I of a year what moneth what day what hour what instant is he sure of how then can he eat how sleep in safety If one should enter into a field full of ambushes and secret traps whereon if he should chance to set his careless foot he were in danger to fall upon the points of Pikes or Halberts or into the mouth of some terrible Dragon and seeing with his own eyes that they who entred with him into the same field hourly fell into those traps and appeared no more should notwithstanding run leaping and dancing up and down without fear or apprehension of any thing amiss who would not say that man were a fool Certainly more fool art thou who seeing thy friends fall daily into the trap of Death thy neighbour swallowed up in Eternity thy brother sink into the pit of the Grave dost yet notwithstanding remain careless and secure as if the same fate did not attend thy self Although to die were a thing uncertain yet for the doubt and danger that it might happen thou oughtest to be vigilant and prepared for it What oughtest thou then to be it being so certain and that early or late thou art to enter in at the gate of Eternity A marvelous thing it is with what care men provide themselves against dangers although very uncertain If they hear that Theeves are in the way to rob and spoil the passengers no man passes that way but armed provided and many in company if they understand that the Plague begins to range what antidotes and conterpests are sought for if they fear a Famine every man in time provides himself of corn How happens it then that knowing that there is a Death a Judgment a Hell an Eternity we stand not upon our guards nor provide our selves for it Let us open our eyes and look into the perils which environ us let us take heed where we set our feet that we
merry How dare that Sinner laugh since that instant will come wherein it will not profit him to weep why does he not now with tears ask pardon for his sins when after death he cannot obtain it There shall be then no mercy no remedy no protection from God or man no defence but what each man hath from his own works Let us then endeavour they may be good ones since we have nothing in the other life to trust to but them The rich man shall not then have multitudes of Servants to set forth his greatness and authority nor well-feed Lawyers to defend his process onely his good works shall bestead him and they onely shall defend him and in that instant when even the mercy of God shall fail him and the blood of Christ shall not appease the Divine justice onely his good works shall not fail him then when their treasures which have been heaped up in this world and guarded with so much care shall fail their Masters their alms bestowed on the poor shall not fail them there when their Children Kindred Friends and Servants shall all fail them the Strangers which they have lodged the Sick which they have visited in the Hospitals and the needy which they have succoured shall not fail them The rich man is to leave his wealth behind him without knowing who shall possess it 〈◊〉 his good works shall goe along with him and they onely when nothing else can shall avail him neither shall Christ who is the Judge of the living and the dead at that time admit of other Patrons or Advocates Let us then take heed we turn not those against us which are onely at that dreadful time to bestead us It is to be admired how many dare do ill in the presence of that Judge with whom nothing can prevail but doing well and the wonder is much the greater that we dare with our evil works offend him who is to judge them The Theef is not so impudent as to rob his neighbour if the Magistrate look on but would be held a fool if he should rob or offend the Magistrate himself in his own house How dares then this poor thing of man injure the very person of his most upright and just Judge before whom it is most certain he shall appear to his face in his own house in so high a manner as to preferre the Devil his and our greatest enemy before him How great was the malice of the Jews when they judged it fitter that Barabbas should live than the Son of God Let the Sinner then consider his own insolence who judges it better to please the Devil than Christ his Redeemer Every one who sins makes as it were a Judgment and passes a Sentence in favour of Satan against Jesus Christ Of this unjust Judgment of man the Son of God who is most unjustly sentenced by a Sinner will at the last day take a most strict and severe account Let him expect from his own injustice how great is to be the Divine justice against him Let a Christian therefore consider that he hath not now his own but the cause of Christ in hand Let him take heed how he works since all his actions are to be viewed and reviewed by his Redeemer An Artist who knew his work was to appear before some King or to be examined by some great Master in the same art would strive to give it the greatest perfection of his skill Since therefore all our works are to appear before the King of Heaven and the chief Master of vertues Jesus Christ let us endeavour that they may be perfect and compleat and the rather because he is not to examine them for curiositie but to pass upon us a Sentence either of condemnation or eternal happiness Let us then call to mind that we are to give an account unto God Almighty and let us therefore take heed what we doe let us weep for what is amiss let us forsake our sins and strive to do vertuous actions let us look upon our selves as guilty offenders and let us stand in perpetual fear of the Judge as Abbot Amno advises us of whom it is reported in the Book of the lives of Fathers translated by Pelagius the Cardinal In vitis Pat. lib. 5. That being demanded by a young Monk what he should doe that might most profit him answered Entertain the same thoughts with the Malefactors in prison who are still enquiring Where is the Judge When will he come every hour expecting their punishment and weeping for their misdemeanors In this manner ought the Christian ever to be in fear and anxietie still reprehending himself and saying Ay me wretch that I am how shall I appear before the Tribunal of Christ how shall I be able to give an account of all my actions If thou shalt always have these thoughts thou mayest be saved and shalt not fail of obtaining what thou demandest towards thy salvation and all will be little enough Climac gra 6. St. John Climacus writes of a certain Monk who had lived long with small fervour and edification who falling into a grievous infirmity wherein he remained some space without sense or feeling was during that time brought before the Tribunal of God and from thence returned unto life wherein he continued ever after in that fear and astonishment that he caused the door of his little Cell which was so small and narrow that he had scarce room to move in it to be stopt up there remained as it were inclosed in prison the space of twelve years during which time he never spake with any nor fed upon other than bread and water but sat ever meditating upon what he had seen in that rapture wherein his thoughts were so intent as he never moved his eyes from the place where they were fixed but persevering still in his silence and astonishment could not contain the tears from abundantly flowing down his aged face At last saith the Saint his death now drawing near we broke open the door and entred into his Cell and having asked him in all humility that he would say something unto us of instruction all we could obtain from him was this Pardon me Fathers He who knew what it were truly and with his whole heart to think upon death would never have the boldness to sin The rigour of Divine Judgment which is to pass after death occasioned in this Monk so great change and penitence of life § 2. The second cause of the terribleness of death which is the laying open of all wherein we have offended in this life ANother thing of great horror is to happen in the end of life which shall make that hour wherein the Soul expires most horrible unto sinners and That is the sight of their own sins whose deformity and multitude shall then clearly and distinctly appear unto them and although now we remain in ignorance of many and see the guilt of none they shall then when we
something of the merits of the Passion of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ Then he said Now 't is well The Religious much admired that a young man so innocent should speak things so dreadful and with such a strange noise When the young man was returned to his senses they demanded of him to declare unto them the meaning of those words and great cryes He answered them I saw that in the Judgement of Almighty God so strict an accompt was taken even of idle words and other things that seemed very little and they weighed them so exactly that the merits in respect of the demerits were almost nothing at all And for this reason I gave that first terrible and sad outcry Afterwards I saw that the demerits were weighed with great attention and that little regard was made of the merits For this reason I spake the second words And seeing that the merits were so few and inconsiderable for to be justified I spake the third And in regard that with the merits of the Passion of Christ our Saviour the balance wherein my good works were weighed more than the other immediately a favourable sentence was given in my behalf For this reason I said now 't is well And having said this he gave up his ghost § 3. The third cause of the terribleness of the end of Temporal Life which is the charge which shall be given of divine benefits received THere is also in the end of life another cause of much terrour unto Sinners which is the lively knowledge which they shall have of the divine benefits received and the Charge which shall be laid against them for their great ingratitude and abuse of them This is also signified by what the Prophet Daniel spake of the Throne and Tribunal of God For he not onely said it was of flames of fire by which was given us to understand the rigour of divine justice against Sinners signified by the violence heat and activity of fire and the discovery and manifestation of sins signified by the light and brightness of the flames but he also adds that from the face of the Judge there proceeded a heady and rapid river which was also of fire signifying by the swiftness of the course and the issuing of it from God the multitude of his graces and benefits which flowing from the divine goodness are communicated and poured down upon his Creatures His saying that this so great river shall in that day be of fire is to make us understand the rigour of that Charge against us for our abuse of those infinite benefits bestowed together with the light and clearness wherewith we shall know them and the horrour and confusion which shall then seise upon us for our great ingratitude and the small account we have made of them in so much as Sinners in that instant are not onely to stand in fear of their own bad works but of the grace and benefits of God Almighty conferr'd upon them Another mourning Weed and confusion shall cover them when they shall see what God hath done to oblige and assist them toward their salvation and what they to the contrary have done to draw upon them their own damnation They shall tremble to see what God did for their good and that he did so much as he could do no more all which hath been mis-imployed and abused by themselves This is so clear and evident on the part of God Almighty that he calls men themselves as witnesses and Judges of the truth and therefore speaking under the Metaphor of a Vineyard by his Prophet Isay Isai 5. he saith in this manner Inhabitants of Jerusalem and men of Judah judge betwixt me and my Vineyard what ought I to have done more unto my Vineyard and have not done it And after the incarnation of the Son of God the Lord turns again to upbraid men with the same resentment and signifies more fully the multitude of his benefits under the same Metaphor of a Vineyard Mat. 21. which a man planted and so much cherished and esteemed it that he sent thither his onely Son who was slain in the demand of it Let therefore men enter into judgement against themselves and let them be judges whether God could have done more for them and has not done it they being still so ungrateful towards their Creatour as if he had been their enemy and done them some notorious injury Coming therefore to consider every one of these benefits by its self The first which occurs is that of the Creation which was signified by our Saviour Jesus Christ when he said that He planted a Vineyard and what could God do more for thee since in this one benefit of thy Creation he gave thee all what thou art both in soul and body If wanting an arm thou wouldest esteem thy self much obliged and be very thankful unto him who should bestow one upon thee which were sound strong and useful why art thou not so to God who hath given thee arms heart soul body and all Consider what thou wert before he gave thee a being Nothing and now thou enjoyest not onely a being but the best being of the Elemental world Philosophers say that betwixt being and not being there is an infinite distance See then what thou owest unto thy Creatour and thou shalt find thy debt to be no less than infinite since he hath not onely given thee a being but a noble being and that not by necessity but out of an infinite love and by election making choice of thee amongst an infinity of men possible whom he might have created If lots were to be cast amongst a hundred persons for some honourable charge how fortunate would he be esteemed who should draw the lot from so many Competitors behold then thy own happiness who from an absolute nothing hast light upon a being amongst an infinity of creatures possible And whence proceeds this singular favour but from God who out of those numberless millions hath pickt out thee leaving many others who if he had created them would have served him better than thy self See then what God could have done for thee and has not having chosen thee without any desert of thine from amongst so many and preferred thee before those whom he foresaw would have been more thankful Besides this he not onely created thee by election and gave thee a noble being but supernatural happiness being no way due unto thy nature he created thee for it and gave thee for thy end the most high and eminent that could be imagined to wit the eternal possession of thy Creatour It was enough for God to create thee for a natural happiness conformable to what thou wert but he not to leave any thing undone which he could do created thee for a supernatural blessedness in so much as there is no creature which hath a higher end then thy self See then if God could do more for thee and has not and see what thou oughtest to do
age ends not in decrepit years but then begins and in our very birth we draw near our ends and he who is now born with the age of the World degenerates Let no man therefore marvel that the parts of the World decay since the whole goes to ruine Neither is the World onely grown worse in the natural frame of it but is also much defaced in the moral the manners of men have altered it more than the violences and encounters of the Elements The Empire of the Assyrians much corrupted the primitive simplicity and innocence of it and what they wanted was effected by the Persians and wherein they failed by the Greeks and wherein they by the Romans and wherein they is abundantly made up by us For the pride of Monarchs is the ruine and destruction of good manners And therefore unto the four Monarchies may be fitly applyed that which was foretold by the Prophet Joel Joel 1. What was left by the Eruke was eaten by the Locust what was lest by the Locust was eaten by the Bruke and what was left by the Bruke was devoured by the Blast §. 2. More are the causes of alterations in the World than in the Ocean For besides the condition of humane things which as well intrinsecally and of their own nature as by the external violences which they suffer are subject to perish the very spirit and humour of man being fickle and inconstant is the occasion of great changes Not without grea◠proportion did the Holy Ghost say That the fool changed like the Moon which is not ouely mutable in figure but in colour The natural Philosophers observe three colours in the Moon pale red and white the first foreshews rain the second wind and the third chears up with hopes of fair weather In the same manner is the heart of man changed by three most violent affections represented by those three colours That of pale the colour of gold coveting riches more frail and slippery than waters That of red the colour of purple gaping after the wind of vain honours The last of white the colour of mirth and jollity running after the gusts and pleasures of this life With these three affections Man is in perpetual change and motion and as there are some Plants which follow the course of the Moon still turning and moving according to her course so these alterations in humane affections draw after them and are the cause of these great changes and revolutions which happen in the World How many Kingdoms were overthrown by the covetousness of Cyrus The ambition of Alexander did not onely destroy a great part of the World but made it put on a clear other face than it had before What part of Troy was left standing by the lascivious love of Paris who was not onely the ruine of Greece but set on fire his own Countrey That which time spares is often snatcht away by the covetousness of the Theef and how many lives are cut off by revenge before they arrive unto old age There is no doubt but humane affections are those fierce winds which trouble the Sea of this World and as the Ocean ebbs and flows according to the course of the Moon so the things of this life conform their motions unto humane passions There is no stability in any thing and least in man who is not onely changeable in himself but changes all things besides So unstable and variable is man that David unto some of his Psalms gives these words for a Title Psal 68. For those who shall change and St. Basil explicating the same Title saith It was meant of man whose life is a perpetual change unto which is conformable the translation of Aquila who instead of those words renders it Pro foliis For the leaves because man is moved by every wind as the leaves of a tree This mutability is very apparent in the Passion of Christ our Redeemer which is the subject of the 78. Psalme which beareth this Title They of Jerusalem having received him with greater honour than they ever gave to man within four dayes after treated him with the greatest infamy and villany that was possible to be exprest by Devils There is no trust in the heart of man now it loves now it abhors now it desires now fears now esteemes now despises Who is not amazed at the change of St. Peter who after so many promises and resolutions to die for his Master within a few hours swore as many false oaths that he knew him not What shall become of the Reed and Bulrush when the Oak and Ceder totters Neither is the change of Amnon a little to be wonderd at who loving Thamar with that violence of passion that he fell sick for her immediately mediatly after abhorred her so much that he barbarously turned her out of his chamber But I know nothing that can more evidently set forth the mutabilitie of humane affections than that memorable accident which happened in Ephesus Petron. Arbit tract de leg conmib leg non num 97. There lived in that City a Matron of an honest repute and conversation whose Husband dying left her the most disconsolate and sad Widow that ever was heard of all was lamentations tearing and disfiguring her face and breasts with her nails and not content with the usual Ceremonies of Widows of those times she enclosed her self with his dead Body in the Sepulcher which anciently was a Vault in the fields capacious and prepared for that use there she resolved to famish her self and follow him into the next world and had already for four dayes abstained from all manner of sustenance It happened that near that place a certain Malefactor was executed and lest his kindred should by night steal away his Body and give it burial a Souldier was appointed to watch it who being weary and remembring that not far off the Widow was enclosed in the Sepulcher resolved for a time to quit his charge and trye what entertainment he could find with her Whereupon carrying his supper along with him he entred the Vault and at first had much adoe to perswade the grieved Widow to take part with him to forsake her desperate resolution of famishing and be content to live but a while after having prevailed in this and passing further with the same oratory he perswaded her who had not denied to share with him in his supper to afford him the fruition of her person which she likewise did In the mean time whilest the Souldier transported with his pleasure forgot his duty the friends of the executed Malefactor stole away the Body which being perceived by the Souldier who now satiate with his dalliance was returned unto his guard and knowing his offence to be no less than capital he repairs with great fear and amazement unto his Widow and acquaints her with the mischance who was not slow in providing a remedy but taking the dead body of her Husband which had cost her so many
of wayes but spiritual goods can onely be forsaken and are then onely lost when we leave them by sin This may make us tremble that they are lost because we will lose them and not being mutable in themselves they change because we are mutable That which hath happened in this kind is most lamentable St. Peter Damian writes that he knew a Monk in the City of Benevento named Madelmo Petr. Dami l. 1. c. 10. who arrived at so great sanctity of life that being upon a holy Saturday to fill a dozen of Lamps and oyl failing for the lust he with great faith filled it with water and lighting it it burned as the rest Many other miracles he wrought in our Lord for which he was in great esteem both of the Prince and Citizens But wherein ended this miraculous and venerable man a strange change God withdrawing his holy hand from him he fell into such dishonesty of life that he was taken and publickly whipt and his head for his greater ignominy shaved like a Slave A lamentable tragedy is the life of man wherein we behold so contrary extremes Ibidem The same St. Peter Damian writes that he knew in the same City a Priest of so great sanctity that every day when he celebrated Mass the Prince of Benevento beheld an Angel descend from heaven who took the Divine Mysteries from his hands to offer them unto the Lord. Yet this man so favoured from above fell into the like vice that all might fear and none be assured in any state whatsoever S. John Climacus relates the story of that young man Clim gr 15. of whom we read in the Lives of the Fathers who mounted unto so high a degree of vertue that he commanded the wild Asses and compell'd them to serve the Monks of the Monastery whom blessed St. Anthony compared to a Ship laden with rich Merchandize sailing in the middest of the Ocean whose end was uncertain Afterwards this so fervent youth fell most miserably and bewailing his sin said unto some of the Monks who passed by Speak unto the old man that is St. Anthony that he pray unto God that he would grant me yet ten dayes of repentance The holy man hearing this toar the hair from his head and said A great Pillar of the Church if fallen and five dayes after the Monk died in so much as he who heretofore commanded the wild beasts of the Wilderness became a scorn to the Devils and he who preserved himself by bread from heaven was afterward deprived of his spiritual sustenance Heracl in Parad. Lamentable also is the accident related by Heraclides of Hieron Alexandrinus who having flourished many years in great vertue and fame of sanctity Andr. Ebor Ex. mem t. 2. de mor. for mut left off all and became a haunter of publick Stews In the same manner Ptolomee the Egyptian having passed fifteen years in the Desert in continual prayer sustaining himself only with bread and the dew which fell from heaven came to leave all and lead a most scandalous life If we look into the holy Scriptures we shall find greater changes and more lamentable falls Who would think that Saul chosen of God for very good of an humble and patient spirit should end in a Luciferian pride and in a mortal hatred against the best man in Israel Who would think that a man so wise and so religious as Salomon should in his latter times be seduced by women and erect Temples unto false Gods Finally who would imagine that an Apostle of Christ should die in despair and hang himself What man can then presume so much of himself that he needs not stand in fear of what he may be CAP. IV. The change of humane things shews clearly their vanity and how worthy they are to be contemned THis inconstancy and change of things serve as a testimony of their vanity Witness those who have had the largest experience of humane greatness and felicity Gilimer King of the Vandals was of great power wealth and valour but overcome by Belisarius and deprived of his Kingdome was led in triumph through the Streets of Constantinople When he approached the place where Justinian the Emperour was seated in a Throne of incomparable Majesty cloathed in his Imperial Robes and compassed with the great Princes of his Empire the Captive King beholding him in so great glory and himself a Slave abandoned of the whole world neither wept nor complained nor shewed the least sign of sorrow or resentment Procop. li. 2. de bello Vandalorum but onely uttered that most true sentence of the Wise-man Vanity of vanities and all is vanity He who knew this no marvail though in so great a misfortune he had drie eyes For if he knew that all humane greatness was vanity wherefore should he grieve for that which was nothing That is not worthy of grief which deserves not love Things so mutable are those below that as they merit not our affections when we enjoy them so they ought not to vex and afflict us when we lose them This apprehension was the cause of the great equality of mind which this Prince exprest in all his actions who was so far from shewing any grief in the loss of his Kingdom and fortunes that he rather seemed to laugh and rejoyce and therefore when he was overthrown in battail and forced to flye into Numidia where he fortified himself in one of the Mountains the Enemy besieging and streightning him with want of victuals he sent to the Captain who commanded in chief to demand of him Bread a Sponge and a Cittern Bread to sustain his life which was now like to perish for want of food a Sponge to drie his eyes for that having now entred into the consideration of the vanity of humane things and ashamed at his grief for the loss of them he was resolved to change his passions and rather laugh than weep for what being possest afforded no security the same being lost brought no prejudice and to this end demanded a Cittern for that having wiped his eyes from their fruitless tears he was now resolved to change his complaints into songs and his grief into content which consists not so much in the abundance of a great fortune as in the sufficiency of a moderate And with reason might he take the Cittern for if he well considered he might rejoyce even in his mishap since his loss made him understand that deceit of the World which his most ample Kingdom never could and freed him not onely from cares and troubles but from sins which in the prosperity of this life have a larger field than in an adverse fortune Possessed of this truth they took him prisoner and brought him to the conquering Belisarius The Captive King came with those expressions of joy and mirth that the General seeing him laugh whom he judged to have so great a cause of tears thought his grief had distracted him and
Gregory explicates in these words He is first troubled with a weariness in seeking how to compass sometimes by flattery sometimes by terrours what his covetousness desires and having obtained it the sollicitude of keeping it is no less vexatious He fears Theeves and is afrighted with the power of great ones lest they should by violence take his wealth from him and if he meet one in want presently suspects he may rob him and those very things which he hath gathered together he fears lest their own nature may consume them Since then the fear of all these things is a trouble and vexation the miserable wretch suffers in as many things as he fears St. Chrysostome also sayes that the rich man must needs want many things because he is content with nothing and is a slave of his avarice still full of fears and suspicion hated envied murmured at and made the enemy of all men whilest the poor life which walks the Kings high-way secured and guarded from Theeves and Enemies is a Port free from storms a School of wisdom and a life of peace and quietness Hom. 47. in Mat. And in another place he sayes thus If thou shalt well consider the heart of an avaritious and covetous man thou shalt finde it like a Garment spoiled and consumed with moths and ten thousand worms so corrupted and overcome with cares that it seems not the heart of a man Such is not the heart of the poor which shines like gold is firm as a rock of diamonds pleasant as a rose and free from fear theeves cares and sollicitudes lives a an Angel of heaven present onely to God and his service whose conversation is more with Angels than Men whose treasure is God not needing of any to serve him since he onely serves his Creator whose slaves are his own thoughts and desires over which he absolutely commands What more precious than this what more beautiful But the little help which humane life receives from temporal riches cannot be better exprest than by that which David sayes Psal 33. The rich have wanted and were a hungred but those who seek the Lord shall not be defrauded of all good If then the abundance of wealth cannot free us from the necessities of the body how shall they rescue us in the griefs and cares of the minde Neither are honours more favourable unto humane life What anguish of heart doth the fear of losing them cost us and what shifts are we put to to preserve them great are the inconveniences which many suffer to sustain them even to the want of necessary food Exod. 5. For as Pharao exacted things impossible from the Children of Israel commanding that no straw should be allowed them for the burning of their bricks and yet that the same Tax and number should be imposed as before The same tyranny is exercised over many by the World which takes away the stock and substance which they formerly had to sustain themselves and yet commands them still to maintain the same pomp and equipage which they did when they enjoy'd it so that many are forced by their honour as they term it to maintain a Coach and Lackies which they need not when they have scarcely wherewith to feed their hungry bellies In others what melancholly and sadness is sometimes caused by a vain suspicion that some have thought or spoken ill of them so many are the mischiefs and vexations which this counterfeit good draws along with it that many have given thanks to God that he hath taken this burthen of honour from them that so they might live in greater quiet and repose Plutarch sayes That if a man were offered two wayes whereof the one led to Honour and the other to Death he should choose the latter Lucian desiring to express it more fully feigns that one of the Gods refused his Deity because he would not be troubled with being alwayes honoured He invents this lye to make us believe the truth which we have spoken The excess also of pleasures what miseries doth it heap upon us what infirmities doth it engender in our bodies what torments and resentments in our consciences for as he who wanders out of his way without reflecting on it is by the briers bushes pits and unevenness of the ground put in minde that he hath lost himself which although he be otherwise well accommodated yet troubles and afflicts him So the wayes and paths of a delicious man cry out unto him that he goes astray and must therefore cause a melancholly and a sadness in his heart Hom. 10. in Ezechiel Well said St. Gregory that he was a fool who looked for joy and peace in the delights of the world for those are the effects of the Holy Ghost and companions of righteousness which are farre removed from the cares and vanities of the earth Besides all our pleasures are so intermixt with trouble and importunities that it is the greatest pleasure to want them Epicurus who was a great studier of pleasures Hieron contra Jovinian did as St. Jerome writes enrich all his books with sentences of temperance and sobriety and he hath scarce a leaf which is not filled with pot-herbs fruits roots and other mean food of small trouble the sollicitude in setting forth of banquets being greater than the delight we receive in their abuse Diogenes in the same manner and other Philosophers despised pleasures as prejudicial to the commodities of life passing for that cause their lives in great poverty Crates flung all his goods into the Sea and Zeno was glad his were drowned with a Tempest Aristides would not admit the bounty of Calicias and Epaminondas was content with one Coat living in poverty and temperance to the end he might live with content and honour and free from necessities which are often greater amongst the rich than the poor Riches make not their Masters rich who live in perpetual covetousness and are never satisfied with their Coffers Wherefore the Holy Ghost speaking of those who are called Rich and of the Poor of the Gospel sayes those are as it were rich and enjoy nothing and these are as it were poor and possess all things For which reason St. Gregory noted that our Saviour Christ called not the Riches of the world absolutely Riches but false and deceitful Riches False in regard they cannot continue long with us Deceitful because they cannot satisfie the necessities of life § 3. It is more to be feared when the goods of this life cause the evils of the other and that they not onely rob us of the content of the present but occasion the torments of the future and after one hell in this life throw us down into another after death Well said St. Jerome in one of his Epistles that it was a difficult thing to enjoy both the goods present and to come to passe from temporal pleasures to eternal and to be great both here and there for he who places his whole
conferring perfect happiness upon the Soul and beauty and immortality upon the Body § 3. Finally all those joyes of the Blessed both in Soul and Body which are innumerable have their sourse and original from that unspeakable joy of the clear vision of God And how can the joy be less which proceeds from such a cause who gives himself being the sweetness and beauty of the world to be possessed by man that joy being the very same which God enjoyes and which suffices to make God himself blessed with a blessedness equal to himself Wherefore not without great mystery in those words by which our Saviour admits the faithful into Heaven it is said Enter into the joy of thy Lord. he said not simply into joy but to determine the greatness of it sayes it was his own joy that joy by which he himself becomes happy and truly the immensity of this joy could not better be declared We are therefore to consider that there is nothing in this World which hath not for his end some manner of perfection and that those things which are capable of reason and knowledge have in that perfection a particular joy and complacencie which joy is greater or lesser according as that end is more or less perfect Since therefore the Divine perfection is infinitely greater than that of all the Creatures the joy of God which is in himself for he hath no end not perfection distinct from himself is infinitely greater than that of all things besides This joy out of his infinite goodness and liberality he hath been pleased to make the holy Angels and blessed Souls partakers of communicating unto the Just although no wayes due unto their nature his own proper and special felicity And therefore the joy of Saints which is that of the beatifical vision wherein consists the joy and happiness of God must needs be infinite and unutterable and all contents of this World in respect of it are bitter as alloes gall and wormwood Besides by how much a delectable object is more nearly and straightly united to the faculty by so much greater is the joy and delight which it produces Therefore God who is the most excellent and delightful object being in the beatifical vision united to the Soul with the most intimate union that can be in a pure creature must necessarily cause a most inexplicable joy incomparably greater than all the joyes real or imaginable which can be produced either by the Creatures now existent or possible For as the Divine perfection incloseth within it self all the perfections of things created possible and imaginable so the joy which it causes in the Souls of the Blessed must be infinitely greater than all other joyes which either have or can be caused by the Creature If the Greeks warred ten years and lost so much blood for the beauty of Helen And if it seemed a small thing unto Jacob to serve fourteen years a Slave for that of Rachel what trouble can seem great unto us to enjoy God in comparison of whose beauty all which the World affords is but deformity Absolon and Adonis were most beautiful and with their very sight drew love and admiration from their beholders But it looking upon Absolon another ten times more lovely should appear we should quickly leave to gaze upon Absolon and fix our eyes upon the other and if a third should come a hundred times more graceful than the second we should serve the second in the same manner and our eyes and delight would still follow him who was the most agreeable God being then infinitely more beautiful than we can either see or think and although he should create some other Creature ten hundred thousand times more beautiful than these we know yet that and one another million of times exceeding it would both fall infinitely short of God himself especially that beauty not being alone but accompanied with perfections without limit with an infinite wisdom omnipotence holiness liberality bounty and all that can be imagined good beautiful and perfect which must necessarily force the hearts of those who see him although before his enemies to love and adore him Which is an other proof of the joy which springs from the beatifical vision in regard it works so powerfully upon the will of him that enjoyes it that it compels it by an absolute necessity to a most intense love although it had before detested it because the joy must equalize the love which it caused It there were in the World a Man as wise as an Angel we should all desire to see him as the Queen of Saba did Salmon but if to this wisdom were joyned the strength of Hercules or Sampson the victories of Machabeus or Alexander the affability and curtesie of David the friedliness of Jonathan the liberality of the Emperour Titus and to all this the beauty and comeliness of Absolon who would not love and desire to live and converse with this admirable person Why then do we not love and desire the sight of God in whom all those perfections and graces infinitely above these are united which also we our selves if we serve him are to enjoy as if they were our own O how great and delightful a Theater shall it be to see God as he is with all his infinite perfections and the perfections of all Creatures which are eminently contained in the Deity How admirable were that spectacle where were represented all that are or have been pleasant or admirable in the World If one were placed where he might behold the seaven Wonders of the World the sumptuous Banquets made by Assuerus and other Persian Kings the rare Shews and Feasts exhibited by the Romans the pleasant Trees and savoury Fruits of Paradise the Wealth of Craesus David and the Assyrian and Roman Monarchs and all those joyntly together who would not be transported with joy and wonder at so admirable a sight but more happy were he upon whom all these were bestowed together with the assurance of a thousand years of life wherein to enjoy them Yet all this were nothing in respect of the eternal sight of God in whom those and all the perfections that either are or have been or possibly can be are contained What ever else is great and delightful in the World together with all the pleasures and perfections that all the men in the World have obtained or shall obtain to the World's end all the wisdom of Salomon all the sciences of Plato and Aristotle all the strength of Aristomenes and Milo all the beauty of Paris and Adonis if they should give all these things to one person it would have no comparison and would seem to be a loathsome thing being compared onely to the delight which will be enjoyed in seeing God for all eternity because in him onely will be seen a Theater of Bliss and Greatness wherein are comprised as in one the greatness of all creatures In him will be found all the richness of Gold the delightfulness
in it of a most intolerable stench What shall I then say of the Tongue which is the instrument of so many wayes of sinning flattery lying murmuring calumniating gluttony and drunkenness who can express that bitterness which the miserable shall suffer greater than that of wormwood or aloes insomuch as the Scripture sayes The gall of dragons shall be their wine and they shall taste the poison of Asps for all eternity Unto which shall be joyned an intolerable thirst and dog-like hunger conformable unto which David said They shall suffer hunger as dogs Quintilian sayes Quintil. Declam â—2 That Famine is the most pressing of all necessities and most deformed of all evils that Plagues and Warres are happinesses in respect of it If then a Famine of eight dayes be the worst of temporal evils what shall that Famine be which is eternal Let our Epicures and Belly-Gods hear what the Son of God prophesies Luc. 6. Wo unto you who are full for you shall be an hungred and with such an hunger as shall be eternal If the other evils of this world as Quintilian affirms may be esteemed not much in comparison of hunger even in this temporal life what will they be in respect of the hunger of the life to come Hunger in this life does bring men to such extremities that not onely they come to desire to eat Dogs Cats Rats and Mice Snakes Toads Leather Dung and eat them in effect but also Mothers come to eat their own Children and men the flesh of their own arms as it fell out to Zeno the Emperour If hunger be so horrible a mischief in this life how will it afflict the damned in the other without all doubt the damned would rather tear themselves in pieces than suffer it Neither shall thirst torment them less The sense of Touching as it is the most extended sense of all the rest so shall it be the most tormented in that burning fire Bar. ad an 191. We are amazed to think of the inhumanity of Phalaris who roasted men alive in his brasen Bull. This was a toy in respect of that fire of Hell which penetrates the very entrails of the body without consuming them The burning of a finger only does cause so great a torment that it is unsufferable but far greater were it to burn the whole arm and far greater were it besides the arms to burn the leggs and far more violent torment would it be to burn the whole body This torment is so great that it cannot be expressed in words since it includes or comprises as many torments as the body of man hath joints sinews arteries c. and especially being caused by that so penetrating and true fire of which St. Austin sayes that this temporal fire is but a painted fire in respect of that in Hell in so much that the fire of Hell does exceed ours by so many degrees as a thing in life and reality exceeds the same in a picture In conformity to what is here said venerable Peter Cluniacensis writes and when we read such like stories from the representations therein contained we are to raise our thoughts to the substance therein represented This venerable man then writes That a wicked Priest being ready to give up the ghost there appeared unto him two fiery Devils who brought with them a Frying-pan in which they told him they would fry him in Hell and a drop of hot liquor then falling out of the Frying-pan upon his hand in a moment burnt him to the very bones in the sight of all that were present who remained astonished to see the efficacy and violence of that infernal fire Whereupon Nicholas of Nice sayes that if there were a fire made of all the wood in the world it would not be able to cause so much torment as the least spark of Hell-fire Caesarius does also write Caesar l. 12. mirac c. 23. That Theodosius Bishop of Mastrick had a Servant by name Eberbach who in a raging fit of anger gave himself to the Devil upon condition he would help him to take revenge upon his Enemies Some years after this man fell grievously sick of a disease that brought him to the point of death and being now dead in all mens judgement his soul was cast into a sea of fire where he remained suffering until such time as an Angel of Heaven came unto him and said Behold what they are to suffer that serve the Devil But if so great a mercy should be shewed unto thee as to grant thee longer life wouldst thou not spend it in doing penance for thy sins He replyed There can be nothing so hard or painful which I would not undergoe to escape this torment Then the Lord used that mercy to him as to let him return to the use of life and senses and rising off the Biere where he was already placed to be carried to burial all that were present were astonished at him who at the same instant began a course of life of most austere and rigorous penance He went bare-foot upon thorns and briars store of blood issuing from the wounds received He lived onely on bread and water and that in a very small quantity What money he had he gave to the poor There were many who wondering at the rigour of his penance endeavoured to moderate the excess of his fervour and austerities to whom he answered Wonder not hereat for I have suffered torments of a far different kind and if you had been there you would frame a far different apprehension of them And for to explicate the excessive torment that fire caused he said That if all the trees in the world were put in one heap and set on fire I would rather burn there till the day of judgement than suffer onely for the space of one hour that fire which I have experienced Now what a miserable unhappiness will it be to burn in those flames of Hell not onely for one hour but till the day of Judgement yea even for all eternity and world without end Who would not esteem it an hideous torment if he were to be burnt alive an hundred times and his torment were to last every time for an hours space with what compassionate eyes would all the world look upon such a miserable wretch Nevertheless without all doubt any of the damned in Hell would receive this as a great happiness to end his torments with those hundred times burning For what comparison is there betwixt an hundred hours burning with some space of time betwixt every hour and to burn an hundred years of continual torment And what comparison will there be betwixt burning for an hundred years space and to be burning without interruption as long as God is God Let a Christian who hath ever committed a mortal sin consider this and let him see what can be difficult sharp and intolerable since thereby he deserved to be cast into Hell and let him see whether he think any
because he who passes from nothing to be a Creature capable of reason and glory ought alwayes to look upon the end for which he was created and from that consideration to make a change of his life as David did of his who confesses in the same Psalm That his change came from the right hand of the most high Let us then as he did remember to change our customs from tepid to become fervent and from Sinners just because the end for which we were created is onely God This onely consideration of so high an end will be able to work a change in us And for this reason David gave this Title to another Psalme To the end For those that are to be changed or altered The holy Prophet well knew the importance of this mindefulness of our last end and therefore he repeated it in his Psalms to the end that having our attention alwaies fixed upon it we should not cease to ayme at it nor spoil our intentions by the mixture of other thoughts of less consideration as he gives to understand in the Inscription of his Psalm 74 which sayes Vnto the end Corrupt not Another Version saies To the end Lose not As if he should say Look upon the end for which thou art created to the end thou maist not lose it Let us also consider that glory being no wayes due unto our nature yet God out of his mercy created us to enjoy it and when he might have made us for a natural felicity and perfection was pleased to create us for a supernatural Other creatures he made for us but us for himself There is no creature hath a more noble end than we there is neither Seraphin nor Archangel that surpasses us in this Let us therefore know the value of it that we may not lose it and with it our selves Consider also that if God should not have made thee for himself nor to the end thou mightest serve him but had left the free and at liberty and had onely given thee a being yet even for that thou owest him all what thou art The Son although the Father be not his end yet ows him all respect and reverence because he begat him The Husbandman who plants a tree hath right unto the fruit God therefore who created and planted thee hath right unto thee and all that thou art And if his right be such for making thee it is no less for ordaining thee for himself There is no Dominion so absolute as both Divines and Philosophers affirm as that of the End over those things which are in order to it in so much as Marcilius Ficinus sayes Mar. Ficinus l. 1. Epis The end is a Lord more excellent then those things which as Servants and Ministers relate unto it For this reason man although he be neither the Creatour nor utmost end of Corporal things yet because he is their immediate end and that they were ordained for his use is their Lord and God who is the utmost end of man and them is the Lord of all Philo calls the End the head of things For as a Prince is the absolute head and Lord of his vassals and Kingdom so the End is Lord and head of those things which have a relation unto it and therefore man who is wholly from God and for God ought not to stir a hand or a foot but in order to his service One of the Philosophers calls the End The cause of causes another The principal of all causes If therefore unto God because he is thy efficient cause thou owest him what thou art for being thy final cause thou owest him more then thou art For this obligation looks not upon that which thou hast received which is thy finite and limited being but upon that for which thou art ordained which is a being divine infinite and without limit Even God himself as he is the efficient cause of things doth as it were serve himself as he is the chief good and Final cause of things and doth not make them but for this end What right then hast thou to work for any thing but God since God doth not nor will work for any thing but himself The End is the cause of causes and therefore if thou owest thy self unto God for being thy Maker thou owest thy self unto him for being thy End for he had not been thy Maker if it had not been for some End which was the cause of thy creation §. 2. Consider the force of the End in the several Orders of things Natural Artificial and Moral that thou maiest from hence gather what force it ought to have in things supernatural With what violence do the the Elements tend unto their centre because it is their End With what force doth a stone fall from high and with what violence doth it press unto its natural place and bears down all before it And the fire that it may attain his Sphere how it mounts above the highest hills and rocks Consider a great Stone hung in the air by some Cable how it strives to get loose and being at liberty with what violence it falls upon the earth with what speed and earnestness without stay or diversion to one part or other it tends straight to its Center In this manner thou oughtest to seek after thy Lord God with all the powers of thy soul with all the forces of thy body and all the affections of thy heart all thy inclinations are to tend that way thou art to go directly to him without diverting on either hand or looking upon any creature which may detain thee bearing down all things temporal before thee A stone that it may attain its end sticks not to fall in water fire or to be dasht in a thousaud pieces and thou that thou mayest attain thy God art not to stop at any thing not at the loss of goods or honour or at the very tearing of thy members in pieces and as our Saviour sayes If thy Eye scandalize thee pluck it out or cut off thy Foot or Hand if it offend thee for it is better to enter into heaven blind or lame then to fall into hell fire sound and entire Things natural find no quiet but in their Centre and the Mariners needle rests not but when it beholds the North no more shall the Soul ever meet with repose but in God And certainly the cause of the greatest miseries and afflictions in the world proceeds from our deviating from God who is our onely End and eternal happiness Let the heart of man therefore undeceive it self for it shall never finde quiet and content but in its Creatour If we come to things Artificial Those which are not directed to some end what are they but a disorderly confusion If a Painter should draw his lines without proposing any Idea unto himself what would be the issue of his work but a great blot If in painting some great Captain he should instead of a Sword place in
he is issues forth of himself and is communicated unto man Who is not amazed that the same Divinity which the eternal Father communicates unto the eternal Word who is God as he is should after an admirable manner be communicated unto human nature which was enemy unto him O Sea of divine goodness that thus powrest forth thy self to do good without regarding unto whom O Ocean of bounty that thus overflowest in benefits even towards thine enemies This work is likewise infinitly good because with goodness it overcoms an infinitly malice and frees him who was so evil that he deserved an infinit punishment It is infinitly good because it sets forth God with an infinit desire to pardon and do good even unto the greatest Traytour and who least deserved it It shewes him also infinitly good and compleat in all vertue and perfection that rather then to fail the least jot in his Justice he would take upon him that which was due unto a most unjust and accursed offender and humbled himself unto death that he who was condemned to die should not perish eternally I know not any thing that can set forth God as a more exact and perfect pattern of all vertue then a work of so much Justice and Mercy Who would not be amazed at the goodness and piety of a great Emperour who having a desire to pardon a notorious Traytour should rather then abate one jot of his inflexible justice take upon him the habit and shape of that Traytour and die publiqnely in the market place that the offender might be spared This did God taking upon him the form of a Servant and dying upon the Cross to free condemned man from eternal death O God every way most perfect and good which art so scrupulous in thy justice and so indulgent in thy mercy rigorous with thy self that thou mightest be merciful with us O God infinitly good infinitly holy infinitely exact and perfect in all Let the Angels praise thee for all thy perfections since all are transcendent and infinitely good §. 3. To this maybe added the excellent Manner by which a work every way so excellently good was performed and with what love and desire of thy benefit it was wrought From whence could a work of so much goodness issue but from a furnace of love in the divine brest And if by the effect we may know the cause that love which made God resolve upon a work so admirable strange and high could not be other then immense in it self for since the work was infinitly good it could not proceed but from an infinite love nor that love but from an infinite being Besides this it was a great prerogative and honour to humane nature that God should rather make himself a man than an Angel With being an Angel he might have freed Man and honoured the Angels communicated his divine goodness unto the Creatures and done a work of infinite bounty and favour This notwithstanding he was so passionate a lover of man and if I may so say so fond of humane nature that he would not onely oblige man by redeeming him but in the manner of his redemption he would not only that Man should be redeemed but that he should be redeemed by a Man and so would not onely give the remedy but conferre also the honour upon our nature Neither was he content in honouring man more than Angels but would redeem him and not the Angels This was a demonstration of his affection unto Man beyond all expression that not pardoning the Angels who were of a more excellent and supream being then ours he yet took pitie of us and not of them and would do that for us which he did not for them Unto this add that when Man sinned and the whole stock of mankind was ruin'd there remained no just man to commiserate and intercede for him But when the Angels fell there remained thousands rightious who might pitie those of their own nature and be sensible of their loss and yet he would do this for Man and not for Angels The time also when this great work of mercy was put in execution shews not a little the sweetness of God Almighty to our nature It was in a time when mankind was most forgetful of God when men strove to make themselves adored for Gods and those who could not attain unto it themselves adored other men worse then devils Then did God think of making himself Man and for Man who would make himself God This was a love indeed to do most for us then when we most offended him But let us see what good we received by this great work Certainly if we had received no good at all it was much to free us from those evils whereunto we were plunged to deliver us from the ignominy of Sin from the slavery of the Devil and from the horrour of Hell To free us from these evils without any other benefit might be held an infinite good And though there had been no evils to be freed from nor goods to be bestowed upon us yet the honour which our nature received in having God to become one of us was an incomparable blessing But joyning to this honour our deliverance from those horrid and desperate evils what happiness may be compared to ours Justin writes that Alexander the Great beholding Lysimachus wounded in the head and that he lost much blood took his Diadem and bound it about his temples to stay his bleeding This was a great favour from so mighty a Prince as well in the care he took of him as in the manner taking the Ensigne of Majesty from his own head and giving it to his vassal But Lysimachus had not injuried Alexander he had served him faithfully and received that wound in his quarrel Neither did Alexander give him his Diadem for ever but suffer'd him onely to wear it upon that present occasion But the mortal wound of sin was not received by man in defence of God or in his quarrel but in rebellion against him Yet God vouchsafes to cure the Traytor honors him with his own Diadem which is his Divinitie communicating it upon him not for a short space and then to take it from him but bâ—stowing it upon him for all eternity What a bounty is this unto an enemy that in freeing him from such a miserie crowns him with so great happiness But if to all this we shall add those other blessings which he bestows upon us giving us his grace adopting us the Sons of God and making us Heirs of heaven how infinitly will our obligations increase since we are not onely freed from so great evils but enriched with unspeakable benefits and our nature honoured by his favours above that of Angels All is marvailous all is great all is transcendent in this unspeakable goodness The work it self is transcendent the manner and love by which it was performed is transcendent The evils from which it frees us are eternal the rewards which