endeavour_v underhand_o to_o be_v sovereign_a over_o the_o unite_a province_n which_o be_v prevent_v only_o by_o a_o very_a few_o voice_n then_o after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n maurice_n pursue_v the_o same_o design_n but_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o chief_a man_n among_o they_o who_o allege_v that_o their_o labour_n be_v very_o ill_o bestow_v if_o in_o place_n of_o a_o great_a one_o they_o shall_v be_v bring_v under_o subjection_n to_o a_o little_a prince_n among_o these_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a be_v john_n of_o olden_n barneveldt_n pensionary_a of_o holland_n who_o have_v be_v always_o for_o uphold_v the_o public_a liberty_n but_o because_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o captain-general_n be_v more_o conspicuous_a during_o the_o war_n policy_n maurice_n endeavour_v to_o set_v aside_o the_o treaty_n with_o spain_n but_o barnevelt_n do_v as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v promote_v the_o truce_n with_o spain_n know_v that_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o captain-general_n will_v be_v diminish_v which_o maurice_n keep_v in_o good_a remembrance_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n arminius_n a_o professor_n of_o divinity_n in_o the_o university_n of_o leyden_n have_v defend_v several_a proposition_n concern_v predestination_n and_o some_o other_o article_n relate_v to_o the_o same_o with_o less_o rigour_n than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o reform_a church_n have_v hitherto_o general_o teach_v his_o opinion_n be_v after_o his_o death_n oppose_v by_o one_o francis_n gomarus_n this_o dissension_n be_v spread_v abroad_o most_o of_o the_o clergy_n side_v with_o gomarus_n but_o the_o chief_a statesman_n with_o arminius_n but_o because_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n follow_v the_o footstep_n of_o the_o clergy_n maurice_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n be_v become_v prince_n of_o orange_n declare_v himself_o for_o the_o gomarist_n and_o there_o happen_v great_a tumult_n in_o several_a place_n viz._n at_o alckmaer_n leyden_n and_o vtrecht_n the_o prince_n take_v this_o opportunity_n to_o displace_v up_o and_o down_o such_o magistrate_n as_o adhere_v to_o the_o arminian_n barnevelt_n hugo_n grotius_n and_o some_o other_o where_o under_o the_o same_o pretext_n take_v into_o custody_n the_o first_o by_o a_o sentence_n of_o the_o states-general_n lose_v his_o head_n in_o the_o 72d_o year_n of_o his_o age_n grotius_n be_v condemn_v to_o a_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n out_o of_o which_o he_o afterward_o make_v his_o escape_n by_o mean_n of_o his_o wife_n who_o have_v enclose_v he_o in_o a_o chest_n and_o though_o at_o the_o synod_n of_o dort_n the_o doctrine_n of_o arminius_n be_v condemn_v as_o erroneous_a 1629._o yet_o this_o violence_n of_o the_o prince_n against_o a_o man_n who_o have_v deserve_v so_o well_o be_v very_o ill_o resent_v by_o a_o great_a many_o and_o these_o two_o faction_n have_v ever_o since_o take_v so_o firm_a root_n there_o that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o at_o last_o they_o may_v occasion_v the_o ruin_n or_o change_v of_o the_o state_n §_o 1621._o 14._o but_o danger_n from_o abroad_o do_v afterward_o appease_v these_o inward_a dissension_n for_o the_o time_n of_o the_o truce_n be_v expire_v the_o war_n begin_v afresh_o with_o spain_n in_o the_o year_n 1622_o spinola_n take_v juliers_n but_o be_v oblige_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n from_o before_o bergen_n open_fw-mi zoom_n because_o the_o count_n of_o mansfeld_n and_o christian_a duke_n of_o brunswick_n have_v defeat_v the_o spanish_a army_n near_o fleury_n march_v to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o hollander_n to_o revenge_v this_o affront_n spinola_n besiege_v breda_n and_o prince_n maurice_n have_v in_o vain_a endeavour_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o beside_o this_o his_o attempt_n upon_o the_o castle_n of_o antwerp_n have_v prove_v unsuccessfull_a 1625._o he_o fall_v into_o a_o deep_a melancholy_n and_o die_v breda_n be_v not_o long_o after_o force_v by_o famine_n to_o surrender_v itself_o i._n to_o prince_n maurice_n succeed_v in_o the_o stadtholdership_n and_o all_o other_o office_n which_o have_v be_v in_o his_o possession_n his_o brother_n frederick_n henry_n 1627._o who_o take_v groll_n in_o the_o year_n 1628._o pieter_n heyn_n take_v the_o spanish_a silver-fleet_n and_o in_o the_o year_n next_o follow_v the_o prince_n take_v bois_n le_fw-fr duc._n during_o this_o siege_n the_o spaniard_n make_v a_o inroad_n into_o the_o velaw_n hope_v thereby_o to_o give_v the_o hollander_n a_o diversion_n who_o be_v put_v into_o a_o great_a consternation_n but_o the_o hollander_n on_o that_o very_a day_n surprise_v the_o city_n of_o wesel_n which_o oblige_v the_o spaniard_n to_o repass_v the_o river_n yssel_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v and_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o spaniard_n despair_v of_o ever_o reduce_v holland_n under_o their_o obedience_n in_o the_o year_n 1630_o the_o hollander_n get_v first_o footing_n in_o brasile_n in_o the_o year_n 1631_o they_o surprise_v some_o thousand_o of_o spaniard_n near_o bergen_n open_fw-mi zoom_n who_o be_v go_v out_o in_o shallop_n upon_o some_o secret_a enterprise_n in_o the_o year_n next_o follow_v the_o prince_n take_v venlo_n ruremond_n limburgh_n and_o macstricht_n and_o pappenheim_n endeavour_v to_o relieve_v the_o last_o be_v sound_o beat_v in_o the_o year_n 1638_o the_o prince_n take_v rhinebergh_n but_o in_o the_o year_n next_o follow_v the_o spaniard_n 1635._o limburgh_n a_o offensive_a alliance_n be_v make_v betwixt_o france_n and_o holland_n wherein_o they_o have_v share_v the_o netherlands_o betwixt_o they_o but_o this_o alliance_n prove_v fruitless_a the_o hollander_n be_v very_o well_o satisfy_v that_o this_o design_n do_v not_o succeed_v be_v glad_a not_o to_o have_v the_o french_a for_o their_o neighbour_n on_o the_o landside_n but_o the_o spaniard_n surprise_v shenkenshantz_n 1636._o which_o the_o hollander_n retake_v not_o without_o great_a trouble_n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o the_o prince_n retake_v breda_n but_o the_o spaniard_n venlo_n and_o ruremond_n in_o the_o year_n 1638_o the_o hollander_n be_v brave_o beat_v near_o callo_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1639_o martin_n tromp_n entire_o destroy_v the_o spanish_a fleet_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o down_n and_o be_v intend_v to_o attack_v sweden_n in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o dane_n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1644_o ghent_n and_o in_o the_o year_n next_o follow_v hulst_n be_v take_v by_o william_n ii_o 1648._o who_o have_v succeed_v his_o father_n it_o be_v think_v that_o he_o may_v also_o have_v take_v antwerp_n if_o the_o province_n of_o zealand_n and_o amsterdam_n have_v not_o oppose_v it_o they_o be_v grow_v powerful_a out_o of_o its_o ruin_n at_o last_o a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v at_o munster_n betwixt_o spain_n and_o holland_n wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v a_o free_a commonwealth_n to_o which_o spain_n shall_v for_o the_o future_a make_v no_o pretension_n whatsoever_o and_o though_o france_n and_o the_o prince_n do_v oppose_v this_o peace_n with_o their_o utmost_a endeavour_n yet_o the_o hollander_n do_v consider_v that_o the_o spaniard_n have_v grant_v all_o that_o they_o can_v desire_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n cease_v they_o fear_v beside_o this_o that_o spain_n may_v be_v bring_v too_o low_a and_o france_n grow_v too_o powerful_a and_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n be_v considerable_o indebt_v thus_o holland_n end_v this_o tedious_a war_n with_o great_a reputation_n but_o the_o spaniard_n with_o great_a dishonour_n have_v beside_o this_o quite_o enervate_v themselves_o though_o this_o be_v observable_a that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o hollander_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o war_n against_o spain_n they_o be_v favour_v by_o every_o body_n except_o the_o spanish_a party_n but_o immediate_o after_o the_o peace_n be_v conclude_v both_o france_n and_o england_n by_o who_o they_o have_v be_v hitherto_o uphâ—ld_a give_v manifest_a proof_n of_o their_o jealousy_n of_o they_o §_o portugal_n 15._o but_o the_o hollander_n can_v not_o enjoy_v peace_n very_o long_o for_o soon_o after_o brasile_n rebel_v against_o they_o submit_v itself_o to_o the_o portuguese_n which_o prove_v very_o disadvantageous_a for_o the_o west-india_n company_n but_o the_o east-india_n company_n draw_v great_a advantage_n from_o it_o for_o this_o have_v occasion_v a_o war_n with_o portugal_n which_o last_v till_o the_o year_n 1661._o the_o hollander_n take_v from_o the_o portuguese_n almost_o all_o the_o place_n which_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o in_o the_o east-indies_n holland_n in_o the_o year_n 1650_o a_o remarkable_a dissension_n arise_v in_o holland_n which_o may_v have_v prove_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a calamity_n for_o the_o war_n with_o spain_n be_v now_o at_o a_o end_n some_o of_o the_o state_n and_o especial_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o to_o ease_v the_o public_a their_o force_n shall_v be_v diminish_v which_o the_o prince_n oppose_v under_o pretence_n that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v adviseable_a to_o be_v without_o a_o army_n as_o long_o
insinuate_v himself_o with_o every_o body_n and_o as_o for_o money_n he_o make_v no_o other_o use_n of_o it_o than_o to_o advance_v his_o design_n he_o be_v a_o most_o experience_a warrior_n and_o have_v make_v the_o macedonian_n so_o excellent_a soldier_n that_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n first_o invent_v by_o he_o be_v terrible_a even_o to_o the_o roman_n and_o because_o he_o be_v always_o at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n continual_o exercise_v his_o soldier_n and_o punctual_o pay_v they_o there_o be_v no_o better_a soldier_n in_o his_o day_n than_o the_o macedonian_n be_v arrive_v to_o this_o greatness_n so_o that_o he_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o greece_n their_o general_n against_o the_o persian_n and_o be_v busy_a in_o make_v preparation_n for_o this_o expedition_n he_o be_v barbarous_o murder_v leave_v his_o son_n alexander_n the_o glory_n of_o pursue_v it_o §_o 8._o great_a there_o be_v scarce_o in_o all_o history_n to_o be_v read_v of_o a_o expedition_n more_o famous_a than_o that_o of_o alexander_n the_o great_a wherein_o he_o with_o thirty_o odd_a thousand_o man_n conquer_v so_o vast_a and_o potent_a kingdom_n and_o by_o his_o victorious_a arm_n extend_v his_o empire_n from_o the_o hellespont_n to_o the_o indies_n if_o we_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o so_o uncommon_a and_o happy_a progress_v it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o beside_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n almighty_n who_o have_v put_v bound_n to_o all_o kingdom_n upon_o earth_n the_o incomparable_a valour_n of_o alexander_n himself_o have_v a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o same_o who_o have_v a_o army_n of_o choose_a man_n fall_v upon_o his_o enemy_n army_n with_o such_o swiftness_n and_o vigour_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o new_a levy_a force_n though_o never_o so_o numerous_a to_o resist_v he_o yet_o darius_n commit_v a_o grand_a mistake_n when_o he_o offer_v battle_n to_o alexander_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o persian_n never_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o greek_n in_o pitch_a battle_n beside_o this_o the_o persian_n have_v live_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n in_o peace_n have_v few_o experience_a soldier_n among_o they_o so_o that_o the_o great_a the_o number_n be_v of_o such_o undisciplined_a soldier_n the_o soon_o be_v they_o bring_v into_o disorder_n at_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n darius_n be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o great_a art_n of_o protract_v the_o war_n and_o by_o post_v himself_o advantageous_o and_o cut_v off_o the_o provision_n from_o his_o enemy_n to_o take_v off_o the_o edge_n of_o fierce_a alexander_n and_o because_o he_o have_v neglect_v to_o give_v he_o a_o diversion_n at_o home_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o greek_n who_o envy_v his_o greatness_n no_o other_o event_n can_v reasonable_o be_v expect_v than_o what_o afterward_o follow_v §_o 9_o young_a but_o the_o untimely_a death_n of_o alexander_n rob_v both_o he_o and_o his_o young_a child_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o victory_n for_o these_o be_v young_a lose_v not_o only_o their_o father_n kingdom_n but_o also_o the_o fatal_a war_n carry_v on_o after_o his_o death_n betwixt_o his_o general_n bring_v the_o conquer_a nation_n under_o great_a calamity_n who_o else_o will_v have_v be_v in_o hope_n to_o have_v change_v their_o king_n for_o a_o much_o better_a and_o great_a prince_n but_o that_o it_o seem_v be_v next_o to_o a_o impossibility_n that_o these_o so_o sudden_o conquer_v country_n shall_v so_o soon_o be_v unite_v in_o one_o kingdom_n since_o a_o firm_a union_n betwixt_o so_o many_o nation_n can_v not_o be_v establish_v without_o a_o singular_a prudence_n of_o their_o supreme_a head_n and_o a_o considerable_a time_n we_o find_v also_o that_o a_o sudden_a greatness_n be_v rare_o last_v there_o be_v no_o less_o ability_n require_v to_o maintain_v than_o to_o acquire_v a_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n the_o conquest_n therefore_o of_o alexander_n be_v of_o so_o vast_a a_o extent_n that_o the_o small_a number_n of_o his_o macedonian_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n sufficient_a to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n and_o to_o make_v those_o province_n dependent_a on_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n to_o maintain_v such_o vast_a conquest_n than_o to_o treat_v the_o conquer_a nation_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o his_o native_a subject_n and_o not_o to_o oblige_v they_o to_o recede_v from_o their_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n or_o to_o turn_v macedonian_n but_o rather_o for_o he_o to_o turn_v persian_a that_o the_o conquer_v may_v not_o be_v sensible_a of_o any_o other_o change_n but_o what_o they_o find_v in_o the_o person_n of_o their_o king_n alexander_n understand_v this_o very_a well_o wherefore_o he_o not_o only_o use_v himself_o to_o the_o persian_a custom_n and_o habit_n but_o also_o marry_v the_o decease_a king_n daughter_n and_o have_v a_o persian_a guard_n about_o he_o those_o writer_n who_o reprehend_v alexander_n conduct_n in_o this_o matter_n only_o discover_v their_o own_o indiscretion_n but_o to_o settle_v a_o right_a understanding_n betwixt_o the_o conqueror_n and_o conquer_a do_v require_v a_o considerable_a time_n to_o effect_v which_o alexander_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o fit_a man_n in_o the_o world_n as_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a valour_n magnanimity_n liberality_n and_o authority_n if_o he_o have_v leave_v a_o son_n behind_o he_o not_o unworthy_a of_o so_o great_a a_o father_n the_o persian_a throne_n will_v questionless_a have_v be_v entail_v upon_o his_o family_n §_o 10._o alexander_n the_o death_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v the_o occasion_n of_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n for_o the_o army_n puff_v up_o with_o the_o glory_n of_o its_o great_a action_n esteem_v no_o body_n worthy_a of_o the_o supreme_a command_n and_o the_o general_n refuse_v to_o obey_v one_o another_o be_v grow_v too_o potent_a to_o live_v as_o private_a person_n it_o be_v time_n arideus_n have_v the_o name_n of_o king_n but_o this_o poor_a man_n want_v both_o authority_n and_o power_n to_o bridle_v the_o ambition_n of_o so_o many_o proud_a and_o great_a men._n wherefore_o all_o spur_v on_o by_o their_o hope_n some_o of_o obtain_v the_o whole_a empire_n some_o of_o get_v a_o considerable_a share_n they_o wage_v a_o most_o bloody_a and_o long_a war_n among_o themselves_o till_o their_o number_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o few_o from_o a_o great_a many_o who_o first_o pretend_v to_o the_o empire_n five_o of_o they_o take_v upon_o themselves_o the_o title_n of_o king_n and_o the_o sovereign_a dominion_n of_o their_o province_n viz._n cassander_n lysimachus_n antigonus_n seleucus_n and_o ptolemy_n but_o only_o the_o three_o last_v transmit_v their_o kingdom_n to_o their_o family_n there_o be_v then_o no_o more_o than_o three_o kingdom_n remain_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o macedonian_n viz._n that_o of_o syria_n egypt_n and_o macedon_n that_o part_n of_o the_o persian_a empire_n which_o lie_v easterly_a beyond_o the_o river_n euphrates_n be_v become_v a_o vast_a new_a kingdom_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o parthian_a empire_n the_o abovementioned_a three_o kingdom_n be_v afterward_o swallow_v up_o by_o the_o roman_n empire_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o macedon_n be_v the_o first_o as_o lie_v near_o unto_o italy_n for_o the_o roman_n after_o have_v subdue_v all_o italy_n begin_v to_o extend_v their_o conquest_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o perceive_v that_o philip_n a_o active_a king_n bid_v fair_a for_o the_o conquest_n of_o all_o greece_n they_o do_v not_o think_v it_o advisable_v to_o let_v he_o grow_v more_o powerful_a he_o be_v so_o near_o to_o they_o that_o in_o time_n he_o may_v easy_o prove_v troublesome_a to_o italy_n they_o enter_v therefore_o into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o same_o city_n of_o greece_n which_o be_v attack_v by_o philip_n under_o that_o pretence_n make_v war_n upon_o philip_n and_o have_v drive_v he_o back_o into_o macedon_n restore_v liberty_n to_o all_o greece_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o roman_n at_o the_o same_o time_n divide_v their_o strength_n and_o gain_v their_o affection_n at_o length_n they_o conquer_a perseus_n and_o with_o he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o macedon_n then_o they_o turn_v their_o arm_n against_o syria_n and_o take_v from_o antiochus_n the_o great_a all_o that_o part_n of_o asia_n which_o extend_v as_o far_o as_o mount_n taurus_n and_o though_o this_o kingdom_n do_v hold_v out_o for_o a_o while_n after_o yet_o be_v miserable_o tear_v to_o piece_n by_o the_o dissension_n which_o be_v rise_v in_o the_o royal_a family_n it_o surrender_v itself_o to_o tigranes_n king_n of_o armenia_n but_o he_o be_v conquer_a by_o pompey_n the_o whole_a be_v make_v a_o province_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n egypt_n at_o last_o can_v not_o escape_v the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_n after_o the_o emperor_n augustus_n have_v defeat_v cleopatra_n and_o her_o gallant_a mark_n antony_n §_o
11._o before_o we_o come_v to_o rome_n carthage_n we_o must_v say_v something_o of_o carthage_n this_o city_n have_v long_o contest_v with_o rome_n for_o the_o superiority_n so_o that_o the_o roman_a government_n do_v not_o think_v itself_o well_o secure_v as_o long_o as_o this_o city_n be_v in_o be_v this_o city_n though_o it_o be_v rather_o fit_v for_o trade_n than_o war_n yet_o have_v acquire_v vast_a riches_n by_o its_o traffic_n and_o be_v vast_o increase_v in_o power_n and_o inhabitant_n force_v not_o only_o the_o next_o adjacent_a country_n in_o africa_n to_o pay_v they_o tribute_n but_o also_o send_v vast_a army_n into_o sicily_n sardinia_n and_o spain_n this_o occasion_v the_o war_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o roman_n the_o two_o first_o they_o maintain_v with_o extraordinary_a resolution_n and_o valour_n but_o in_o the_o three_o they_o be_v bring_v to_o utter_v destruction_n if_o they_o have_v avoid_v to_o meddle_v with_o the_o roman_a affair_n they_o may_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v be_v able_a for_o a_o great_a while_n to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n ambition_n therefore_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o their_o ruin_n since_o the_o constitution_n of_o their_o government_n be_v such_o as_o be_v adapt_v for_o trade_n do_v not_o require_v any_o great_a possession_n except_o a_o few_o land_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o citizen_n and_o some_o seaport_n in_o spain_n and_o sicily_n for_o conveniency_n of_o commerce_n and_o ship_n but_o the_o conquest_n of_o large_a country_n be_v more_o hurtful_a than_o profitable_a to_o they_o for_o those_o general_n who_o command_v their_o army_n abroad_o prove_v at_o last_o dangerous_a to_o they_o think_v it_o below_o themselves_o after_o so_o much_o glory_n and_o vast_a riches_n obtain_v to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o same_o rank_n with_o their_o fellow_n citizen_n the_o inhabitant_n beside_o of_o this_o city_n be_v not_o so_o well_o fit_v for_o land-service_n so_o that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o fill_v up_o their_o army_n with_o mercenary_a soldier_n collect_v out_o of_o several_a nation_n these_o be_v a_o vast_a and_o certain_a charge_n to_o they_o the_o hope_n of_o the_o benefit_n remain_v uncertain_a and_o beside_o this_o their_o faith_n be_v very_o inconstant_a and_o the_o conquer_a place_n can_v scarce_o be_v trust_v to_o those_o who_o faith_n may_v easy_o be_v buy_v by_o money_n after_o their_o first_o war_n with_o the_o roman_n they_o experience_v almost_o to_o their_o utter_a ruin_n how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o wage_v war_n altogether_o with_o foreign_a and_o mercenary_a soldier_n and_o therefore_o they_o can_v not_o possible_o hold_v out_o against_o the_o roman_n who_o fight_v with_o a_o much_o great_a constancy_n for_o their_o native_a country_n than_o these_o foreign_a mercenary_n do_v for_o their_o pay_n it_o be_v a_o capital_a error_n in_o the_o carthaginian_n that_o they_o do_v not_o take_v care_n in_o time_n so_o to_o establish_v their_o power_n at_o sea_n that_o they_o need_v not_o to_o have_v fear_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o roman_n that_o way_n but_o after_o they_o have_v once_o let_v the_o roman_n become_v master_n at_o sea_n they_o can_v not_o but_o expect_v they_o one_o time_n or_o another_o at_o their_o city-gate_n at_o the_o time_n when_o hannibal_n have_v such_o prodigious_a success_n against_o the_o roman_n it_o prove_v also_o a_o fatal_a neglect_n in_o they_o that_o they_o do_v not_o timely_o send_v fresh_a supply_n to_o reinforce_a he_o so_o that_o he_o may_v have_v prosecute_v the_o war_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o rome_n for_o after_o they_o have_v once_o give_v leisure_n to_o the_o roman_n to_o recollect_v themselves_o they_o conscious_a of_o their_o former_a danger_n never_o rest_v till_o they_o have_v raze_v carthage_n to_o the_o ground_n §_o 12._o city_n it_o be_v worth_a the_o while_n to_o trace_v the_o commonwealth_n of_o rome_n back_n to_o its_o original_a because_o none_o ever_o yet_o equal_v it_o in_o power_n and_o greatness_n and_o because_o young_a student_n be_v first_o enter_v and_o best_o read_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n this_o city_n be_v perfect_o make_v for_o war_n from_o whence_o the_o first_o have_v she_o rise_v and_o afterward_o her_o fall_n its_o first_o inhabitant_n be_v a_o sorry_a rabble_n of_o indigent_a people_n the_o very_a dregs_o of_o italy_n be_v ignorant_a of_o what_o belong_v to_o commerce_n and_o not_o expert_a in_o any_o handycraft_n trade_n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o the_o first_o rome_n be_v not_o commodious_o situate_v and_o the_o latter_a be_v at_o that_o time_n unknown_a in_o italy_n that_o small_a parcel_n of_o ground_n which_o at_o first_o they_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o maintain_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o people_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o vacant_a ground_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n which_o can_v be_v till_v for_o their_o use_n if_o therefore_o they_o will_v not_o always_o remain_v beggar_n nothing_o be_v leave_v they_o but_o their_o sword_n wherewith_o to_o cut_v out_o their_o fortune_n and_o true_o rome_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o den_n of_o wolf_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n like_o wolf_n always_o thirst_v after_o their_o neighbour_n good_n and_o blood_n live_v by_o continual_a robbery_n it_o be_v then_o necessary_a for_o a_o city_n under_o these_o circumstance_n to_o keep_v up_o a_o constant_a stock_n of_o valiant_a citizen_n to_o effect_v this_o the_o better_a populous_a romulus_n command_v that_o no_o child_n shall_v be_v kill_v except_o such_o as_o be_v very_o deform_v which_o barbarous_a custom_n be_v also_o then_o very_o common_a among_o the_o grecian_n beside_o this_o he_o order_v that_o all_o slave_n at_o rome_n together_o with_o their_o liberty_n shall_v have_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o city_n from_o who_o afterward_o descend_v great_a family_n their_o posterity_n be_v ambitious_a by_o great_a deed_n to_o efface_v the_o memory_n of_o their_o base_a original_a but_o above_o all_o one_o thing_n do_v mighty_o contribute_v towards_o the_o increase_n of_o rome_n that_o romulus_n do_v not_o suffer_v the_o man_n to_o be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n in_o such_o place_n as_o be_v take_v by_o force_n by_o the_o roman_n nor_o will_v let_v they_o be_v sell_v for_o slave_n but_o receive_v they_o into_o rome_n grant_v they_o the_o same_o privilege_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o citizen_n the_o roman_a writer_n give_v this_o for_o one_o reason_n why_o athens_n and_o sparta_n can_v not_o so_o long_o maintain_v their_o conquest_n as_o rome_n do_v since_o they_o seldom_o naturalize_v stranger_n whereas_o romulus_n frequent_o use_v to_o receive_v the_o same_o as_o citizen_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o evening_n with_o who_o he_o have_v fight_v in_o the_o morning_n for_o war_n can_v be_v carry_v on_o without_o a_o good_a stock_n of_o man_n nor_o can_v conquest_n be_v maintain_v without_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o valiant_a soldier_n upon_o who_o faith_n the_o government_n can_v rely_v in_o case_n of_o a_o attack_z but_o that_o the_o conquer_a place_n may_v not_o be_v leave_v destitute_a of_o inhabitant_n and_o rome_n may_v not_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o too_o much_o rabble_n they_o use_v only_o to_o transplant_v the_o best_a and_o rich_a man_n of_o the_o conquer_a place_n to_o rome_n fill_v up_o their_o place_n with_o the_o poor_a of_o the_o roman_a citizen_n who_o settle_v a_o continual_a good_a correspondence_n betwixt_o the_o conquer_a and_o the_o roman_n serve_v also_o for_o a_o garrison_n in_o these_o place_n by_o these_o mean_v the_o most_o valiant_a and_o rich_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n be_v draw_v to_o rome_n and_o the_o poor_a among_o the_o roman_n obtain_v thereby_o in_o those_o place_n large_a possession_n but_o although_o necessity_n give_v a_o edge_n to_o the_o roman_a valour_n it_o be_v not_o that_o alone_a that_o make_v they_o so_o warlike_a a_o people_n for_o the_o courage_n of_o their_o king_n who_o instruct_v they_o in_o military_a affair_n and_o harden_v they_o to_o danger_n have_v a_o great_a share_n in_o it_o though_o the_o thing_n right_o consider_v it_o be_v not_o always_o adviseable_a to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o state_n upon_o military_a constitution_n since_o the_o change_n of_o war_n be_v uncertain_a and_o then_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o quiet_a of_o any_o state_n that_o martial_a temper_n shall_v prevail_v too_o much_o in_o it_o wherefore_o peaceable_a time_n do_v never_o agree_v with_o the_o roman_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v free_v from_o the_o danger_n of_o foreign_a enemy_n they_o sheathe_v their_o sword_n in_o each_o other_o bowel_n §_o 13._o there_o be_v also_o other_o thing_n worth_a our_o observation_n institution_n which_o do_v great_o advance_v the_o military_a affair_n of_o rome_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a be_v that_o their_o king_n servius_n tullius_n have_v order_v that_o only_o the_o
not_o be_v make_v sensible_a of_o the_o benefit_n they_o receive_v from_o the_o government_n of_o the_o nobility_n they_o may_v easy_o have_v open_v the_o gate_n again_o to_o tarquin_n wherefore_o valerius_n papicola_n do_v strive_v to_o please_v the_o people_n especial_o in_o let_v down_o the_o rod_n or_o fasces_fw-la the_o ensign_n of_o authority_n before_o they_o and_o allow_v appeal_n to_o the_o people_n as_o a_o tacit_n confession_n that_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o rome_n do_v belong_v to_o they_o it_o be_v by_o all_o mean_v requisite_a if_o the_o nobleman_n do_v intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o new_o acquire_v authority_n to_o have_v a_o particular_a care_n of_o these_o two_o thing_n first_o to_o take_v heed_n that_o they_o do_v not_o exasperate_v the_o common_a people_n with_o their_o pride_n and_o second_o to_o find_v mean_n to_o maintain_v the_o poor_a sort_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v force_v to_o seek_v for_o remedy_n against_o their_o poverty_n and_o debt_n by_o disturb_v the_o public_a but_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v sufficient_o regard_v by_o the_o nobility_n there_o be_v at_o that_o time_n no_o write_a law_n at_o rome_n and_o the_o nobility_n be_v in_o possession_n of_o all_o public_a office_n justice_n be_v oftentimes_o administer_v according_a to_o favour_n and_o affection_n the_o poor_a sort_n be_v often_o though_o unjust_o oppress_v by_o the_o more_o powerful_a and_o because_o the_o citizen_n be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o war_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n at_o that_o time_n when_o little_o be_v to_o be_v get_v they_o be_v thereby_o miserable_o exhaust_v so_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o remedy_n leave_v they_o but_o to_o borrow_v money_n from_o the_o rich_a sort_n these_o use_v such_o as_o be_v not_o able_a to_o satisfy_v their_o creditor_n in_o so_o barbarous_a a_o manner_n by_o imprison_v lay_v of_o they_o in_o chain_n and_o other_o cruelty_n that_o the_o commons_o quite_o put_v into_o despair_n unanimous_o retire_v out_o of_o the_o city_n neither_o can_v they_o be_v persuade_v to_o return_v before_o the_o senate_n have_v agree_v to_o constitute_v magistrate_n call_v tribune_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v to_o protect_v the_o commons_o against_o the_o power_n of_o the_o nobility_n §_o 17._o rome_n this_o be_v the_o original_a and_o cause_n of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o roman_n into_o two_o faction_n viz._n one_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o other_o two_o party_n of_o the_o common_a people_n the_o continual_a jealousy_n of_o which_o do_v afterward_o minister_v perpetual_a fuel_n for_o civil_a dissension_n it_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n but_o equitable_a and_o of_o no_o great_a consequence_n that_o the_o commons_o may_v have_v for_o their_o head_n some_o who_o can_v upon_o all_o occasion_n protect_v they_o against_o the_o nobility_n but_o in_o this_o the_o noble_n do_v commit_v a_o grand_a error_n that_o they_o allow_v to_o the_o common_a people_n which_o make_v the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o city_n a_o protection_n independent_a of_o the_o senate_n make_v thereby_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o it_o be_v double-headed_n tribune_n for_o the_o tribune_n spur_v on_o by_o ambition_n and_o the_o hatred_n which_o be_v common_a in_o the_o plebeian_n against_o the_o nobility_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o afford_v their_o protection_n to_o the_o people_n against_o the_o nobility_n but_o also_o be_v always_o endeavour_v to_o be_v equal_a in_o power_n nay_o even_o to_o surpass_v the_o senate_n in_o authority_n and_o first_o by_o their_o continual_a contest_v they_o obtain_v a_o privilege_n for_o the_o commons_o to_o intermarry_v with_o the_o noble_n afterward_o they_o force_v also_o the_o nobility_n to_o consent_v that_o one_o of_o the_o consul_n shall_v be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o commonalty_n they_o take_v upon_o themselves_o the_o power_n of_o a_o negative_a voice_n so_o as_o that_o no_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n can_v pass_v into_o a_o law_n without_o their_o consent_n nay_o and_o even_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n to_o make_v law_n and_o to_o exercise_v the_o other_o act_n of_o sovereign_a authority_n the_o senate_n it_o be_v true_a to_o divert_v and_o employ_v the_o people_n continual_o engage_v they_o in_o one_o war_n or_o another_o that_o they_o may_v not_o have_v leisure_n to_o contrive_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o government_n this_o though_o it_o do_v very_o well_o for_o a_o while_n and_o the_o power_n and_o territory_n of_o rome_n be_v mighty_o thereby_o increase_v yet_o do_v arise_v from_o thence_o some_o other_o inconvenience_n which_o do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v towards_o the_o indisposition_n of_o the_o state_n for_o whereas_o the_o conquer_a land_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v give_v to_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o the_o people_n whereby_o the_o city_n will_v have_v be_v free_v from_o a_o great_a many_o needy_a citizen_n the_o noble_n under_o pretence_n of_o farm_v the_o same_o take_v they_o into_o their_o own_o possession_n and_o what_o with_o these_o revenue_n and_o the_o great_a booty_n which_o fall_v in_o the_o war_n almost_o all_o to_o their_o share_n as_o be_v commander_n in_o chief_a the_o riches_n of_o the_o noble_n increase_v prodigious_o whereas_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o plebeian_n have_v scarce_o wherewithal_o to_o maintain_v themselves_o the_o commonalty_n be_v for_o these_o reason_n extreme_o dissatisfy_v with_o the_o senate_n there_o be_v not_o want_v some_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o other_o of_o a_o ambitious_a spirit_n who_o have_v take_v distaste_n at_o some_o transaction_n of_o the_o senate_n do_v under_o pretence_n of_o maintain_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n make_v a_o considerable_a party_n among_o they_o though_o in_o effect_n their_o chief_a aim_n be_v with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o plebeian_n to_o carry_v on_o their_o ambitious_a design_n those_o be_v by_o force_n oppose_v by_o the_o senate_n it_o come_v quick_o to_o a_o civil_a war_n and_o they_o sheathe_v their_o sword_n in_o each_o other_o bowel_n §_o 18._o in_o the_o mean_a time_n powerful_a partly_o by_o the_o vast_a increase_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n partly_o by_o inadvertency_n of_o the_o senate_n another_o evil_n have_v take_v root_n viz._n that_o vast_a and_o rich_a province_n together_o with_o great_a army_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o government_n of_o some_o of_o the_o roman_a citizen_n and_o that_o for_o several_a year_n from_o which_o as_o it_o create_v in_o they_o a_o aversion_n to_o a_o private_a life_n so_o it_o give_v a_o opportunity_n to_o have_v whole_a army_n at_o their_o devotion_n it_o be_v not_o adviseable_a for_o any_o state_n whatsoever_o to_o let_v any_o of_o its_o citizen_n mount_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o power_n for_o he_o that_o have_v a_o potent_a army_n at_o his_o devotion_n will_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o temptation_n but_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o attempt_v to_o make_v himself_o sovereign_a it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o ambition_n and_o great_a power_n of_o marius_n silvius_n pompey_n and_o caesar_n do_v spur_v they_o on_o by_o intestine_a war_n to_o suppress_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o native_a country_n and_o after_o rome_n be_v quite_o break_v by_o they_o to_o introduce_v a_o alteration_n in_o its_o government_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o remedy_n leave_v against_o this_o evil_a after_o the_o citizen_n have_v once_o lay_v aside_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o soldier_n have_v taste_v the_o sweet_n of_o the_o booty_n get_v by_o civil_a commotion_n wherefore_o this_o commonwealth_n at_o the_o very_a time_n when_o it_o be_v arrive_v to_o the_o pitch_n of_o its_o greatness_n it_o return_v again_o to_o a_o monarchy_n but_o not_o of_o the_o best_a kind_n where_o the_o army_n exercise_v sovereign_a authority_n monarchy_n augustus_n be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o this_o monarchy_n which_o he_o by_o his_o wife_n and_o long_a reign_n seem_v to_o have_v establish_v pretty_a well_o and_o true_o this_o new_a introduce_v form_n of_o government_n do_v for_o a_o while_o promise_v very_o fair_a since_o augustus_n assume_v only_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n and_o maintain_v the_o senate_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a officer_n in_o their_o station_n take_v upon_o himself_o no_o more_o than_o the_o administration_n of_o military_a affair_n but_o in_o effect_n this_o monarchy_n be_v not_o found_v so_o much_o upon_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n as_o upon_o the_o power_n of_o the_o soldiery_n by_o who_o assistance_n it_o be_v introduce_v and_o maintain_v and_o because_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n can_v not_o brook_v to_o be_v command_v by_o one_o single_a person_n and_o be_v always_o for_o recover_v its_o former_a liberty_n the_o emperor_n leave_v no_o stone_n unturned_a either_o to_o diminish_v or_o quite_o to_o extinguish_v the_o splendour_n of_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n so_o that_o
henry_n ii_o ii_o therefore_o succeed_v he_o who_o among_o other_o memorable_a action_n demolish_v such_o fortify_v castle_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o bishop_n as_o be_v build_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o king_n stephen_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v near_o eighteen_o year_n in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o have_v his_o son_n henry_n crown_v the_o better_a to_o secure_v the_o succession_n he_o receive_v he_o as_o his_o copartner_n in_o the_o government_n but_o he_o be_v marry_v to_o margaret_n the_o daughter_n of_o lewis_n the_o young_a king_n of_o france_n this_o prove_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a disturbance_n afterward_o for_o some_o persuade_v young_a henry_n that_o his_o father_n have_v abdicate_v himself_o from_o the_o government_n have_v commit_v thereby_o the_o same_o to_o his_o management_n france_n envy_v that_o a_o king_n of_o england_n shall_v have_v such_o vast_a possession_n in_o france_n the_o scot_n wish_v for_o nothing_o more_o than_o to_o 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month_n imprisonment_n make_v he_o pay_v 100000_o pound_n for_o his_o ransom_n after_o his_o return_n home_o he_o find_v every_o thing_n in_o confusion_n the_o french_a have_v not_o only_o ravage_v normandy_n and_o other_o province_n belong_v to_o he_o but_o also_o his_o brother_n have_v make_v a_o pretention_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o he_o oblige_v the_o latter_a to_o implore_v his_o pardon_n and_o beat_v the_o french_a back_n into_o their_o own_o country_n 1199._o he_o die_v not_o long_o after_o of_o a_o wound_n which_o he_o receive_v in_o a_o siege_n of_o some_o inconsiderable_a place_n in_o france_n john_n after_o his_o death_n his_o brother_n john_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n he_o who_o be_v oppose_v by_o arthur_n earl_n of_o the_o lesser_a britainy_a his_o elder_a brother_n son_n who_o find_v himself_o alone_a not_o strong_a enough_o seek_v for_o aid_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o be_v ready_a upon_o all_o occasion_n to_o create_v trouble_n in_o england_n he_o take_v a_o great_a many_o city_n in_o normandy_n and_o anjou_n wherefore_o king_n john_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v a_o dishonourable_a peace_n with_o he_o give_v in_o marriage_n to_o lewis_n king_n philip_n son_n blanch_n daughter_n of_o alfonsus_n king_n of_o castille_n and_o of_o his_o sister_n eleonora_n to_o who_o he_o give_v as_o a_o dowry_n all_o the_o city_n which_o philip_n have_v take_v from_o he_o except_z angiers_z then_o he_o marry_v isabel_n daughter_n and_o heiress_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o angoulesme_fw-fr who_o be_v promise_v before_o to_o hugh_n earl_n of_o march_n he_o to_o revenge_v this_o affront_n join_v his_o force_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o prince_n arthur_n of_o britainy_a and_o fall_v into_o touraine_n and_o anjou_n but_o king_n john_n fall_v upon_o they_o unaware_o rout_v the_o enemy_n and_o take_v prince_n arthur_n prisoner_n who_o die_v not_o long_o after_o a_o prisoner_n in_o rouen_n but_o constantia_n the_o mother_n of_o arthur_n make_v her_o complaint_n to_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n who_o vassal_n king_n john_n be_v on_o the_o score_n of_o such_o province_n as_o he_o be_v possess_v of_o in_o france_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n summon_v king_n john_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o and_o to_o answer_v for_o the_o death_n of_o arthur_n but_o he_o not_o appear_v normandy_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o king_n john_n have_v forfeit_v what_o fief_n he_o be_v possess_v of_o in_o france_n and_o king_n philip_n take_v from_o he_o normandy_n 316_o year_n after_o rollo_n the_o norman_a have_v conquer_v the_o same_o but_o the_o french_a afterward_o attack_v also_o angiers_n where_o they_o be_v repulse_v with_o great_a loss_n by_o king_n john_n whereupon_o a_o truce_n be_v conclude_v betwixt_o they_o for_o two_o year_n during_o which_o time_n he_o rout_v the_o scot_n and_o suppress_v the_o rebel_n in_o ireland_n and_o wales_n the_o truce_n be_v expire_v the_o war_n begin_v afresh_o with_o france_n and_o king_n john_n army_n be_v rout_v he_o make_v another_o truce_n with_o france_n but_o this_o ill_a success_n have_v much_o diminish_v his_o authority_n among_o his_o noble_n who_o also_o hate_v he_o because_o he_o have_v impose_v heavy_a tax_n upon_o they_o wherefore_o they_o with_o joint_a consent_n demand_v from_o he_o the_o restitution_n of_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n but_o perceive_v that_o he_o only_o intend_v to_o give_v they_o fair_a word_n for_o deed_n england_n they_o call_v to_o their_o aid_n lewis_z son_n of_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n who_o land_v with_o a_o great_a army_n in_o england_n be_v receive_v with_o a_o general_a applause_n and_o whilst_o king_n john_n endeavour_v to_o make_v head_n against_o he_o 1216._o he_o die_v overwhelm_v with_o trouble_n §_o 9_o iii_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n henry_n iii_o who_o tender_a age_n wrought_v compassion_n on_o most_o and_o extinguish_v the_o hatred_n which_o have_v be_v
he_o a_o prisoner_n to_o the_o tower_n but_o he_o have_v twice_o make_v a_o attempt_n to_o escape_v be_v at_o last_o hang_v according_a to_o his_o demerit_n in_o the_o year_n 1501_o a_o marriage_n be_v conclude_v betwixt_o james_n iv._o scotland_n king_n of_o scotland_n and_o margaret_n the_o daughter_n of_o henry_n which_o afterward_o unite_v england_n and_o scotland_n under_o one_o king_n arthur_n also_o elder_a son_n of_o henry_n marry_v catharine_n daughter_n of_o ferdinand_n the_o catholic_n but_o the_o prince_n die_v a_o few_o week_n after_o the_o wedding_n in_o the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o his_o age_n and_o henry_n be_v unwilling_a to_o give_v back_o the_o dowry_n and_o desirous_a to_o maintain_v the_o new_a alliance_n with_o ferdinand_n marry_v the_o say_a catharine_n to_o his_o second_o son_n henry_n who_o be_v then_o but_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n have_v obtain_v a_o dispensation_n from_o pope_n julius_n ii_o under_o pretence_n that_o there_o have_v be_v no_o carnal_a knowledge_n betwixt_o they_o which_o afterward_o prove_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a alteration_n this_o king_n be_v reckon_v among_o the_o wise_a of_o his_o age_n and_o the_o only_a thing_n which_o be_v reprehend_v in_o he_o be_v that_o he_o have_v a_o way_n by_o false_a accusation_n against_o the_o rich_a to_o squeeze_v out_o of_o they_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o they_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1509._o §_o 19_o viii_o henry_n viii_o immediate_o upon_o his_o first_o accession_n to_o the_o throne_n celebrate_v the_o nuptial_n with_o his_o brother_n widow_n more_o to_o fulfil_v his_o father_n will_n than_o out_o of_o his_o own_o inclination_n yet_o as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v with_o she_o in_o wedlock_n he_o govern_v the_o realm_n very_o laudable_o and_o in_o the_o court_n nothing_o be_v see_v but_o play_n and_o diversion_n as_o to_o his_o transaction_n abroad_o upon_o the_o persuasion_n of_o pope_n julius_n ii_o pope_n and_o ferdinand_n the_o catholic_n he_o enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n with_o they_o against_o france_n which_o confederacy_n be_v pretend_v to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o holy_a see_n 1512._o ferdinand_n also_o put_v he_o in_o hope_n of_o recover_a guienne_n wherefore_o henry_n send_v a_o army_n into_o biscay_n france_n to_o fall_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o spaniard_n into_o guienne_n but_o ferdinand_n have_v rather_o his_o eye_n upon_o navarre_n and_o be_v negligent_a in_o send_v timely_a succour_n to_o the_o english_a they_o return_v home_o without_o do_v any_o thing_n second_o in_o the_o year_n 1513_o henry_n enter_v france_n with_o a_o great_a army_n where_o he_o lose_v his_o time_n in_o the_o take_n of_o terovane_n and_o tournay_n which_o be_v whole_o destroy_v in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o attempt_v of_o the_o french_a to_o relieve_v it_o though_o tournay_n be_v redeem_v by_o francis_n i._o with_o a_o good_a sum_n of_o money_n but_o at_o that_o time_n henry_n do_v not_o pursue_v his_o advantage_n partly_o out_o of_o carelessness_n incident_a to_o young_a man_n partly_o because_o he_o have_v carry_v on_o this_o war_n not_o so_o much_o for_o his_o own_o interest_n as_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o so_o return_v into_o england_n during_o the_o absence_n of_o henry_n scot_n james_n iv._o king_n of_o scotland_n upon_o instigation_n of_o the_o french_a invade_v england_n but_o receive_v a_o great_a overthrow_n himself_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o battle_n in_o the_o year_n next_o follow_v henry_n perceive_v that_o his_o father-in-law_n ferdinand_n do_v only_o impose_v upon_o he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o france_n give_v his_o sister_n mary_n in_o marriage_n to_o king_n lewis_n xii_o in_o the_o year_n 1522_o henry_n again_o denounce_v war_n against_o francis_n i._o france_n and_o send_v considerable_a force_n into_o france_n which_o nevertheless_o both_o in_o the_o same_o and_o next_o follow_v year_n do_v nothing_o of_o moment_n and_o the_o scot_n on_o the_o other_o side_n obtain_v not_o any_o advantage_n against_o the_o english_a but_o after_o francis_n be_v take_v prisoner_n near_o pavia_n it_o seem_v that_o henry_n have_v meet_v with_o a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o give_v a_o great_a blow_n to_o france_n more_o especial_o since_o he_o have_v before_o prepare_v a_o fleet_n which_o lie_v ready_a to_o make_v a_o descent_n in_o normandy_n yet_o he_o leave_v charles_n and_o make_v peace_n with_o france_n and_o charles_n after_o he_o think_v he_o have_v obtain_v his_o aim_n do_v not_o make_v any_o great_a account_n of_o england_n leave_v the_o princess_n mary_n daughter_n of_o henry_n to_o who_o he_o have_v promise_v marriage_n for_o the_o princess_n of_o portugal_n who_o he_o marry_v and_o whereas_o he_o use_v former_o to_o write_v to_o the_o king_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o subscribe_v himself_o your_o son_n and_o trusty_a friend_n he_o now_o cause_v his_o letter_n to_o be_v write_v by_o his_o secretary_n subscribe_v only_o his_o name_n charles_n and_o true_o it_o seem_v very_o necessary_a for_o henry_n to_o keep_v a_o little_a the_o balance_n though_o a_o great_a many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o cardinal_n woolsey_n have_v a_o great_a hand_n in_o this_o business_n who_o be_v no_o great_a friend_n of_o charles_n v._o because_o he_o have_v not_o promote_v he_o to_o the_o papal_a dignity_n and_o have_v deny_v he_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o toledo_n of_o which_o he_o have_v put_v he_o in_o hope_n at_o first_o neither_o do_v he_o subscribe_v himself_o any_o more_o your_o son_n and_o cousin_n as_o he_o use_v to_o do_v but_o however_o it_o be_v henry_n at_o that_o time_n save_v france_n from_o a_o imminent_a danger_n viii_o after_o he_o have_v live_v very_o peaceable_o and_o well_o with_o his_o queen_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n he_o begin_v to_o have_v a_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n whether_o he_o can_v lawful_o live_v in_o wedlock_n with_o his_o brother_n widow_n which_o scruple_n he_o pretend_v be_v raise_v in_o he_o first_o by_o the_o precedent_n of_o paris_n who_o be_v send_v to_o treat_v concern_v a_o marriage_n betwixt_o mary_n daughter_n of_o henry_n and_o the_o second_o son_n of_o francis_n some_o say_v that_o he_o be_v weary_a of_o she_o be_v fall_v in_o love_n with_o anna_n bullen_n and_o find_v out_o this_o way_n to_o be_v rid_v of_o she_o yet_o this_o seem_v not_o so_o probable_a to_o some_o since_o he_o do_v not_o marry_v the_o say_v anna_n bullen_n till_o three_o year_n after_o he_o pretend_v to_o the_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n whereas_o the_o heat_n of_o love_n do_v not_o usual_o admit_v of_o such_o delay_n some_o will_v have_v it_o that_o cardinal_n woolsey_n raise_v this_o scruple_n first_o in_o he_o on_o purpose_n to_o nettle_n charles_n v._o and_o to_o please_v francis_n i._o in_o hope_n after_o this_o divorce_n to_o make_v up_o a_o match_n betwixt_o henry_n and_o the_o duchess_n of_o alenson_n sister_n of_o francis_n but_o however_o it_o be_v the_o business_n be_v bring_v before_o the_o pope_n who_o give_v a_o commission_n to_o the_o cardinal_n campegius_fw-la to_o inquire_v in_o conjunction_n with_o woolsey_n into_o the_o matter_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o pope_n be_v willing_a to_o gratify_v henry_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n have_v send_v a_o bull_n to_o campegius_fw-la yet_o with_o this_o caution_n to_o keep_v it_o by_o he_o till_o further_a order_n but_o when_o he_o afterward_o see_v charles_n v._o to_o prove_v so_o successful_a he_o dare_v not_o venture_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v displease_v he_o wherefore_o he_o order_v campegius_fw-la to_o burn_v the_o bull_n and_o to_o delay_v the_o business_n to_o the_o utmost_a the_o queen_n also_o refuse_v to_o answer_v to_o their_o commission_n but_o appeal_v to_o the_o pope_n in_o person_n beside_o charles_n v._o and_o his_o brother_n ferdinand_n have_v protest_v against_o this_o commission_n woolsey_n do_v also_o perceive_v that_o the_o king_n be_v fall_v in_o love_n with_o anna_n bullen_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o prove_v prejudicial_a to_o his_o authority_n he_o persuade_v the_o pope_n underhand_o not_o to_o give_v his_o consent_n unto_o this_o divorce_n woolsey_n henry_n be_v inform_v what_o intrigue_n the_o cardinal_n be_v carry_v on_o against_o he_o humble_v the_o greatness_n of_o this_o haughty_a prelate_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n next_o follow_v in_o great_a misery_n and_o henry_n be_v make_v sensible_a that_o the_o pope_n regard_v more_o his_o own_o interest_n than_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n he_o forbid_v that_o any_o body_n shall_v hence_o forward_o appeal_v to_o rome_n or_o send_v thither_o any_o money_n for_o church_n benefice_n he_o therefore_o send_v to_o several_a university_n in_o france_n and_o italy_n to_o desire_v their_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n who_o all_o unanimous_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o such_o a_o marriage_n be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o
emanuel_n duke_n of_o savoy_n be_v very_o mournful_o consummate_v §_o 19_o ii_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n francis_n ii_o under_o who_o reign_n the_o french_a division_n begin_v to_o break_v out_o with_o fury_n in_o their_o own_o bowel_n which_o continue_v near_o 40_o year_n whereas_o former_o the_o violent_a heat_n of_o this_o nation_n have_v be_v quell_v partly_o by_o the_o war_n with_o the_o english_a partly_o by_o the_o several_a expedition_n undertake_v against_o italy_n france_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o intestine_a war_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o after_o the_o house_n of_o valois_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o next_o in_o blood_n be_v those_o of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n which_o house_n be_v grow_v so_o potent_a by_o its_o riches_n power_n and_o authority_n of_o a_o great_a many_o brave_a person_n which_o descend_v from_o it_o that_o the_o precede_a king_n be_v grow_v extreme_o jealous_a of_o it_o and_o though_o francis_n i._o at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v constitute_v the_o duke_n of_o bourbon_n constable_n yet_o be_v soon_o convince_v afterward_o of_o the_o reason_n which_o have_v induce_v his_o ancestor_n to_o keep_v under_o this_o house_n he_o use_v all_o his_o endeavour_n to_o humble_a the_o say_a charles_n of_o bourbon_n for_o this_o reason_n he_o enter_v into_o a_o conspiracy_n against_o francis_n which_o have_v be_v discover_v he_o go_v over_o to_o charles_n v._o and_o command_v as_o general_n in_o the_o battle_n near_o pavia_n where_o francis_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o storm_a of_o rome_n 1527._o by_o his_o death_n the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n receive_v a_o great_a blow_n those_o who_o be_v leave_v be_v look_v upon_o with_o a_o very_a ill_a eye_n though_o they_o keep_v themselves_o very_o quiet_a to_o extinguish_v the_o suspicion_n and_o hatred_n conceive_v against_o they_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n be_v thus_o bring_v very_o low_a the_o two_o house_n of_o montmorency_n and_o guise_n hold_v up_o their_o head_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o francis_n i._o the_o first_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a in_o france_n the_o latter_a be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lorraine_n the_o head_n of_o the_o first_o be_v annas_n montmorency_n constable_n of_o france_n of_o the_o latter_a claude_n duke_n of_o guise_n both_o of_o they_o be_v in_o great_a favour_n and_o authority_n with_o francis_n i._o but_o both_o fell_a into_o disgrace_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v banish_v the_o court_n it_o be_v relate_v of_o francis_n i._o that_o just_a before_o his_o death_n he_o advise_v his_o son_n henry_n to_o consult_v with_o neither_o of_o they_o in_o his_o affair_n since_o too_o great_a and_o too_o able_a minister_n prove_v often_o dangerous_a yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o henry_n ii_o do_v receive_v both_o annas_n montmorency_n and_o francis_n de_fw-fr guise_n the_o son_n of_o claude_n into_o his_o particular_a favour_n who_o quick_o grow_v jealous_a of_o one_o another_o the_o first_o take_n much_o upon_o he_o because_o of_o his_o experience_n in_o state_n affair_n and_o gravity_n the_o latter_a be_v puff_v up_o with_o the_o glory_n of_o martial_a exploit_n decline_v and_o the_o applause_n of_o the_o people_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n be_v great_o increase_v after_o he_o have_v repulse_v charles_n v._o from_o before_o metz_n and_o take_v calais_n whereas_o the_o unfortunate_a battle_n fight_v near_o st._n quintin_n and_o the_o ensue_a dishonourable_a peace_n be_v very_o prejudicial_a to_o montmorency_n but_o the_o house_n of_o guise_n get_v the_o great_a advantage_n after_o francis_n ii_o have_v marry_v mary_n queen_n of_o scotland_n who_o mother_n be_v sister_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n so_o that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o francis_n ii_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n and_o the_o cardinal_n his_o brother_n be_v the_o man_n that_o bear_v the_o great_a sway_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o extreme_o exasperate_v montmorency_n and_o the_o two_o brother_n of_o bourbon_n anthony_n king_n of_o navarre_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n see_v themselves_o thus_o neglect_v and_o though_o anthony_n be_v of_o a_o very_a modest_a behaviour_n watch_v only_o a_o opportunity_n to_o regain_v his_o kingdom_n of_o navarre_n from_o the_o spaniard_n and_o have_v a_o sufficient_a revenue_n out_o of_o his_o country_n of_o bearn_n wherewithal_o to_o maintain_v himself_o yet_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n be_v ambitious_a poor_a and_o of_o a_o turbulent_a spirit_n who_o be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v his_o grandeur_n without_o some_o considerable_a employment_n beside_o this_o he_o be_v continual_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o admiral_n gaspar_n coligny_n a_o ambitious_a cunning_a and_o fly_v man_n who_o as_o his_o enemy_n will_v have_v it_o be_v very_o forward_o to_o fish_v in_o trouble_a water_n his_o brother_n d'_fw-fr andelot_n also_o be_v of_o a_o very_a wild_a and_o turbulent_a spirit_n these_o three_o only_o watch_v a_o opportunity_n to_o raise_v commotion_n in_o the_o kingdom_n thus_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v divide_v into_o these_o several_a faction_n at_o the_o time_n when_o francis_n ii_o begin_n his_o reign_n a_o prince_n scarce_o sixteen_o year_n old_a weak_a both_o in_o body_n and_o mind_n and_o therefore_o incapable_a to_o rule_v the_o kingdom_n by_o himself_o several_a therefore_o pretend_v to_o have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n government_n these_o of_o bourbon_n as_o be_v the_o next_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n the_o house_n of_o guise_n as_o be_v near_o relate_v to_o the_o queen_n and_o the_o queen_n mother_n catharine_n de_fw-fr medicis_n the_o very_a pattern_n of_o a_o aspire_a and_o cunning_a woman_n hope_v that_o whilst_o the_o prince_n be_v in_o contest_v about_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n it_o will_v fall_v to_o her_o share_n wherefore_o she_o always_o foment_v the_o division_n by_o keep_v up_o the_o balance_n betwixt_o they_o this_o catharine_n first_o side_v with_o the_o house_n of_o guise_n divide_v the_o administration_n of_o affair_n with_o they_o so_o that_o she_o be_v to_o have_v the_o supreme_a administration_n the_o duke_n of_o guise_n be_v to_o manage_v the_o military_a affair_n and_o his_o brother_n the_o cardinal_n the_o finance_n this_o agreement_n be_v make_v betwixt_o they_o the_o constable_n under_o pretence_n of_o his_o old_a age_n be_v dismiss_v from_o court_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n send_v as_o ambassador_n into_o spain_n these_o who_o be_v thus_o exclude_v have_v a_o meeting_n to_o consider_v which_o way_n they_o may_v free_v themselves_o from_o these_o oppression_n where_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o king_n of_o navarre_n shall_v intercede_v for_o they_o at_o court_n who_o be_v put_v off_o with_o fair_a word_n and_o empty_a promiess_n set_v himself_o at_o rest_n conde_n be_v resolve_v to_o try_v his_o fortune_n by_o force_n but_o have_v not_o a_o sufficient_a interest_n coligny_n advise_v he_o he_o shall_v side_n with_o the_o huguenot_n for_o so_o they_o callâ—d_v in_o france_n those_o who_o profess_v the_o protestant_a religion_n who_o labour_v then_o under_o a_o severe_a persecution_n and_o want_v a_o head_n under_o who_o conduct_n they_o may_v obtain_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n beside_o that_o they_o mortal_o hate_v those_o of_o guise_n who_o they_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o their_o persecution_n the_o business_n be_v thus_o concert_v that_o the_o huguenot_n shall_v assemble_v in_o private_a and_o some_o of_o they_o by_o a_o humble_a petition_n to_o request_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n at_o court_n which_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v refuse_v the_o rest_n shall_v be_v at_o hand_n to_o kill_v those_o of_o guise_n and_o to_o force_v the_o king_n to_o receive_v the_o prince_n of_o conde_n for_o his_o chief_a minister_n of_o state_n the_o execution_n of_o this_o design_n be_v undertake_v by_o a_o certain_a gentleman_n call_v renaudie_a but_o the_o enterprise_n be_v defer_v for_o some_o time_n because_o the_o court_n go_v from_o blois_n to_o amboise_n it_o be_v discover_v and_o thereby_o render_v inpracticable_a above_o twelve_o hundred_o that_o be_v take_v pay_v with_o their_o life_n for_o it_o conde_n be_v also_o send_v to_o prison_n and_o be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o receive_v sentence_n of_o death_n when_o francis_n ii_o after_o a_o very_a short_a reign_n die_v sudden_o of_o a_o ulcer_n in_o the_o head_n 1560._o which_o cause_v great_a alteration_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kigdom_n §_o 20._o ix_o he_o succeed_v his_o brother_n charles_n ix_o then_o scarce_o eleven_o year_n old_a who_o tuition_n his_o mother_n catharine_n take_v immediate_o upon_o herself_o hope_v to_o enjoy_v it_o quiet_o whilst_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n and_o guise_n be_v engage_v in_o mutual_a
the_o hold_n of_o the_o diet_n which_o they_o rare_o suffer_v to_o be_v prorogue_v and_o that_o not_o but_o for_o a_o very_a few_o day_n but_o they_o call_v this_o right_n of_o contradict_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o polish_v liberty_n the_o king_n be_v also_o oblige_v to_o bestow_v all_o the_o vacant_a benefice_n upon_o the_o nobility_n and_o can_v reserve_v any_o for_o his_o own_o use_n or_o bestow_v they_o upon_o his_o child_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n justice_n neither_o can_v he_o buy_v or_o take_v possession_n of_o any_o nobleman_n land_n the_o king_n also_o be_v not_o master_n of_o the_o judicial_a court_n but_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a high_a court_n of_o justice_n the_o judges_z whereof_o are_z nobles_z first_o institute_v by_o king_n stephen_n batori_fw-la these_o judge_n be_v change_v every_o twelve_o month_n and_o keep_v their_o session_n six_o month_n in_o the_o year_n at_o petricovia_n and_o six_o month_n again_o at_o lublin_n and_o from_o these_o no_o appeal_n lie_v to_o the_o king_n except_o that_o some_o case_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n be_v determine_v at_o the_o diet_n but_o case_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n or_o to_o his_o revenue_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o king_n the_o pole_n be_v extreme_o fond_a of_o this_o form_n of_o government_n as_o be_v very_o suitable_a to_o their_o natural_a fierce_a inclination_n yet_o the_o same_o be_v very_o improper_a for_o any_o sudden_a and_o great_a undertake_n and_o contribute_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o weakness_n of_o this_o vast_a kingdom_n especial_o when_o the_o nobility_n be_v refractory_a and_o jealous_a of_o the_o king_n §_o 18._o poland_n the_o neighbour_n of_o poland_n be_v on_o one_o side_n the_o german_n where_o there_o be_v a_o open_a country_n upon_o the_o frontier_n and_o particular_o poland_n border_n upon_o silesia_n and_o in_o one_o corner_n upon_o hungary_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v much_o superior_a in_o strength_n to_o poland_n germany_n but_o the_o interest_n of_o both_o these_o kingdom_n be_v such_o as_o not_o to_o have_v any_o great_a occasion_n to_o differ_v with_o one_o another_o except_o poland_n shall_v perhaps_o join_v with_o such_o estate_n in_o germany_n as_o will_v upon_o a_o occasion_n oppose_v the_o set_n up_o of_o a_o absolute_a sovereignty_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o pole_n will_v not_o want_v assistance_n either_o from_o the_o german_a particular_a or_o foreign_a prince_n that_o must_v concur_v in_o the_o same_o interest_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n alone_o be_v not_o powerful_a enough_o to_o conquer_v poland_n or_o to_o maintain_v a_o country_n which_o be_v of_o so_o vast_a a_o extent_n and_o very_o populous_a and_o lie_v all_o upon_o a_o level_n be_v not_o secure_v by_o any_o fortify_v place_n if_o no_o body_n else_o shall_v side_n with_o poland_n the_o turk_n themselves_o will_v not_o easy_o suffer_v that_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n shall_v acquire_v such_o a_o advantage_n and_o the_o turk_n be_v the_o fit_a instrument_n to_o prevent_v it_o but_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v often_o endeavour_v though_o the_o wise_a among_o the_o pole_n have_v always_o oppose_v it_o to_o unite_v the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n to_o their_o family_n by_o a_o election_n but_o the_o pole_n be_v conscious_a of_o the_o danger_n which_o may_v accrue_v from_o this_o union_n to_o their_o liberty_n and_o beside_o this_o they_o be_v no_o great_a admirer_n of_o the_o german_n who_o modesty_n and_o good_a husbandry_n they_o common_o despise_v turk_n but_o it_o be_v of_o great_a consequence_n to_o poland_n that_o the_o turk_n may_v not_o become_v quite_o master_n of_o the_o upper_a hungary_n and_o much_o more_o that_o they_o do_v not_o get_v foot_v in_o moravia_n since_o thereby_o they_o will_v open_v their_o way_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o poland_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o be_v the_o common_a interest_n both_o of_o the_o house_n austria_n and_o of_o all_o germany_n that_o the_o turk_n may_v not_o become_v master_n of_o poland_n since_o thereby_o they_o will_v open_v their_o way_n into_o germany_n for_o the_o old_a say_n of_o philip_n melanchton_n si_fw-mi turca_fw-la in_o germaniam_fw-la veniet_fw-la veniet_fw-la per_fw-la poloniam_fw-la if_o the_o turk_n come_v into_o germany_n they_o will_v certain_o come_v by_o the_o way_n of_o poland_n do_v not_o arise_v from_o a_o prophetic_a spirit_n but_o have_v its_o good_a reason_n in_o geography_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o common_a interest_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n to_o keep_v up_o a_o mutual_a good_a understanding_n since_o they_o both_o cover_v one_o another_o frontier_n and_o poland_n draw_v a_o great_a advantage_n from_o its_o ox_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v send_v into_o germany_n and_o if_o poland_n shall_v engage_v itself_o in_o good_a earnest_n against_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v jealous_a of_o the_o moscovite_n who_o may_v attack_v it_o behind_o except_o moscovy_n be_v otherwise_o employ_v before_o poland_n also_o may_v be_v troublesome_a to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n when_o that_o house_n be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o france_n sweden_n or_o the_o turk_n wherefore_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v endeavour_v by_o marriage_n to_o ally_n poland_n with_o their_o family_n and_o to_o gain_v a_o considerable_a party_n in_o the_o senat._n and_o france_n have_v follow_v the_o same_o method_n to_o draw_v poland_n from_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o pole_n have_v be_v caress_v by_o both_o party_n have_v get_v no_o small_a advantage_n by_o this_o rivalship_n brandenburg_n brandenburg_n also_o border_n on_o one_o side_n upon_o poland_n and_o though_o he_o alone_a can_v hurt_v it_o much_o yet_o experience_n have_v teach_v we_o that_o in_o conjunction_n with_o other_o he_o have_v be_v able_a to_o create_v great_a trouble_n to_o the_o pole_n though_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v that_o perhaps_o upon_o a_o good_a occasion_n offer_v to_o the_o pole_n they_o may_v attempt_v to_o unite_v all_o prussia_n to_o their_o kingdom_n as_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n know_v how_o to_o time_n it_o when_o he_o obtain_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o it_o as_o long_o as_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o poland_n and_o sweden_n be_v on_o foot_n sweden_n denmark_z by_o make_v a_o diversion_n can_v be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o poland_n but_o since_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o difference_n be_v take_v away_o poland_n need_v not_o make_v any_o particular_a reflection_n upon_o denmark_n swedeland_n and_o poland_n have_v all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n to_o cultivate_v a_o mutual_a good_a understanding_n since_o they_o may_v be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o one_o another_o against_o the_o moscovite_n poland_n border_n upon_o moscovy_n by_o a_o great_a tract_n of_o land_n 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engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o france_n and_o the_o turk_n to_o attack_v the_o prince_n of_o germany_n that_o be_v then_o court_v by_o francis_n and_o who_o begin_v to_o make_v alliance_n with_o they_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o religion_n he_o afterward_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o protestant_a estate_n of_o germany_n and_o intend_v by_o their_o ruin_n to_o open_v himself_o the_o way_n to_o the_o absolute_a monarchy_n over_o germany_n and_o though_o he_o be_v very_o successful_a in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o league_n make_v at_o smalkald_n nevertheless_o he_o can_v not_o accomplish_v his_o project_v design_n because_o he_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o german_a prince_n against_o france_n and_o the_o turk_n and_o to_o obtain_v the_o imperial_a crown_n for_o his_o son_n philip._n nay_o paul_n iii_o himself_n dread_v the_o grow_a greatness_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o that_o degree_n that_o he_o stir_v up_o the_o french_a 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the_o mean_a while_n to_o have_v find_v out_o a_o expedient_a to_o appease_v luther_n and_o cardinal_n cajetan_n do_v in_o the_o year_n 1519._o act_n a_o very_a imprudent_a part_n at_o augsburgh_n when_o he_o deal_v so_o very_o rude_o with_o luther_n and_o refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o his_o proposal_n viz._n that_o he_o will_v be_v silent_a provide_v his_o adversary_n will_v do_v the_o same_o for_o by_o this_o refusal_n make_v to_o so_o resolute_a a_o man_n who_o he_o will_v have_v oblige_v to_o make_v a_o recantation_n he_o force_v he_o to_o do_v his_o utmost_a and_o to_o fall_v direct_o upon_o the_o pope_n himself_o it_o will_v have_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o have_v grant_v he_o that_o some_o corrupt_a manner_n be_v creep_v into_o the_o church_n to_o keep_v he_o from_o meddle_v with_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o pope_n make_v continual_a instance_n at_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n court_n to_o have_v luther_n deliver_v up_o 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all_o their_o power_n oppose_v the_o doctrine_n of_o luther_n there_o be_v some_o who_o will_v have_v it_o paris_n that_o the_o university_n of_o paris_n also_o have_v a_o share_n in_o this_o for_o luther_n have_v persuade_v himself_o that_o this_o university_n be_v dissatisfy_v at_o leo_n x._o because_o he_o have_v abolish_v the_o pragmatic_n sanction_n concern_v the_o election_n of_o bishop_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o member_n thereof_o will_v be_v glad_a of_o a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_v themselves_o he_o submit_v his_o disputation_n with_o eckius_fw-la to_o their_o judgement_n but_o these_o give_v their_o judgement_n against_o he_o and_o that_o in_o very_o hard_a word_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n also_o do_v afterward_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v for_o their_o purpose_n to_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o roman_a chair_n wherefore_o they_o oppose_v the_o protestant_a doctrine_n with_o all_o their_o might_n and_o so_o powerful_o assist_v the_o league_n in_o france_n that_o henry_n iv._o if_o he_o will_v maintain_v his_o crown_n be_v oblige_v to_o leave_v the_o protestant_a religion_n some_o also_o have_v observe_v calvin_n that_o when_o zwinglius_fw-la and_o afterward_o calvin_n begin_v all_o upon_o a_o sudden_a to_o introduce_v too_o great_a a_o reformation_n not_o only_o as_o to_o the_o inferior_a but_o also_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o church_n and_o thereby_o fall_v from_o one_o extreme_a to_o another_o this_o prove_v a_o main_a obstacle_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n for_o luther_n have_v hitherto_o make_v very_o little_a alteration_n in_o outward_a matter_n he_o have_v leave_v in_o the_o church_n the_o ornament_n clock_n organ_n candle_n and_o such_o like_a he_o have_v retain_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o mass_n but_o have_v add_v some_o prayer_n in_o the_o native_a tongue_n so_o that_o he_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o most_o as_o a_o reformer_n of_o the_o abuse_v only_o but_o when_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o revolution_n be_v likely_a to_o become_v universal_a zwinglius_fw-la appear_v in_o switzerland_n as_o do_v calvin_n afterward_o in_o france_n these_o instead_o of_o follow_v the_o footstep_n of_o luther_n begin_v to_o preach_v against_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n abolish_v all_o sort_n of_o ceremony_n and_o ornament_n destroy_v all_o relic_n break_v the_o altar_n and_o image_n abolish_v all_o order_n of_o the_o hierarchy_n and_o despoil_a religion_n of_o all_o such_o thing_n as_o do_v most_o affect_v the_o eye_n and_o exterior_a sense_n of_o the_o people_n this_o cause_v a_o aversion_n and_o animosity_n in_o the_o common_a people_n against_o they_o and_o increase_v its_o zeal_n for_o that_o religion_n which_o it_o have_v receive_v from_o its_o ancestor_n the_o riches_n of_o the_o church_n do_v partly_o promote_v luther_n doctrine_n a_o great_a many_o have_v thereby_o take_v
the_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n for_o a_o great_a many_o century_n yet_o do_v they_o persist_v with_o great_a obstinacy_n because_o it_o shall_v not_o seem_v that_o the_o clergy_n have_v commit_v a_o error_n and_o also_o that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o prerogative_n before_o the_o laiety_n in_o this_o sacrament_n and_o to_o ridicule_n the_o more_o impudent_o both_o god_n and_o man_n they_o give_v to_o the_o laiety_n a_o chalice_n which_o be_v not_o consecrate_v which_o in_o very_o despicable_a term_n they_o call_v the_o rinse_n chalice_n as_o people_n when_o they_o have_v eat_v any_o unclean_o thing_n use_v to_o rinse_v their_o mouth_n marriage_n also_o be_v to_o be_v make_v a_o sacrament_n sacrament_n though_o nothing_o be_v more_o absurd_a that_o the_o clergy_n may_v have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o draw_v all_o matrimonial_a cause_n under_o their_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v often_o very_o profitable_a very_o various_a and_o of_o the_o great_a consequence_n since_o the_o welfare_n inheritance_n and_o succession_n of_o most_o people_n nay_o even_o of_o whole_a kingdom_n depend_v thereon_o this_o oblige_a mary_n queen_n of_o england_n to_o endeavour_v the_o re-establishment_n of_o popery_n in_o that_o kingdom_n for_o without_o the_o pope_n authority_n she_o must_v have_v pass_v for_o a_o bastard_n and_o philip_n iii_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v among_o other_o reason_n oblige_v to_o the_o pope_n because_o he_o have_v give_v dispensation_n to_o his_o father_n to_o marry_v his_o own_o sister_n daughter_n of_o who_o philip_n be_v bear_v which_o marriage_n will_v not_o easy_o have_v be_v approve_v by_o other_o christian_n there_o be_v also_o so_o many_o prohibit_v degree_n introduce_v on_o purpose_n that_o the_o clergy_n may_v have_v frequent_a opportunity_n to_o give_v dispensation_n whereby_o they_o know_v how_o to_o feather_n their_o nest_n unction_n by_o the_o extreme_a ointment_n the_o priest_n take_v a_o occasion_n to_o exhort_v the_o die_a people_n to_o leave_v legacy_n for_o pious_a use_n which_o they_o common_o know_v how_o to_o apply_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o their_o own_o order_n purgatory_n purgatory_n be_v invent_v for_o no_o other_o purpose_n but_o that_o the_o die_a man_n who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o so_o greedy_a of_o worldly_a good_n which_o he_o be_v to_o leave_v to_o other_o may_v be_v liberal_a towards_o the_o clergyman_n in_o hope_n by_o their_o intercession_n and_o a_o good_a number_n of_o mass_n to_o get_v the_o soon_o out_o of_o this_o hot_a place_n the_o veneration_n pay_v to_o the_o relic_n saint_n have_v also_o be_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o clergy_n these_o be_v employ_v beside_o other_o use_n to_o reward_v people_n of_o quality_n that_o have_v do_v great_a service_n to_o the_o pope_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o old_a bone_n in_o lieu_n of_o a_o better_a present_n the_o adoration_n of_o the_o saint_n serve_v for_o a_o pretext_n to_o build_v the_o more_o church_n institute_v more_o feast_n and_o employ_v 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appearance_n of_o holiness_n have_v make_v themselves_o famous_a in_o the_o world_n or_o if_o by_o chance_n one_o layman_n or_o another_o have_v attain_v to_o this_o dignity_n either_o he_o himself_o or_o at_o least_o those_o that_o intercee_v for_o he_o have_v be_v fain_o to_o deserve_v very_o well_o of_o the_o papal_a chair_n not_o to_o mention_v here_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o by_o fictitious_a miracle_n several_a sort_n of_o image_n apparition_n exorcism_n indulgence_n jubilee_n prohibition_n of_o divers_a sort_n of_o victual_n and_o such_o like_a trick_n use_v to_o fool_n the_o people_n out_o of_o their_o money_n §_o sovereignty_n 34._o next_o to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v the_o university_n which_o have_v partly_o be_v institute_v by_o the_o pope_n authority_n partly_o by_o other_o state_n yet_o so_o that_o most_o of_o they_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n who_o also_o have_v claim_v the_o supreme_a direction_n over_o the_o some_o have_v be_v main_o instrumental_a in_o maintain_v the_o popish_a sovereignty_n it_o be_v evident_a enough_o of_o what_o consequence_n this_o direction_n must_v needs_o be_v to_o the_o pope_n for_o since_o in_o the_o university_n man_n be_v first_o imbue_v with_o such_o opinion_n as_o they_o afterward_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o during_o their_o whole_a life_n and_o instil_v they_o into_o other_o the_o university_n and_o science_n there_o to_o be_v teach_v be_v to_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v accommodate_v to_o the_o pope_n interest_n neither_o be_v the_o professor_n of_o divinity_n here_o who_o claim_v the_o precedency_n before_o all_o other_o the_o only_a creature_n of_o the_o pope_n but_o also_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n who_o be_v as_o busy_a as_o any_o to_o put_v his_o decree_n upon_o the_o world_n and_o to_o maintain_v his_o authority_n for_o the_o world_n may_v thank_v the_o canon-law_n for_o the_o first_o introduction_n of_o those_o long_a law_n suit_n which_o the_o clergy_n pretend_v to_o belong_v to_o their_o jurisdiction_n that_o by_o receive_v of_o bribe_n they_o may_v the_o soon_o satisfy_v their_o avarice_n the_o greatest-part_n of_o the_o philosopher_n be_v also_o the_o pope_n slave_n and_o if_o one_o or_o another_o attempt_v to_o investigate_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o thing_n he_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v keep_v under_o by_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o divinity_n and_o philosophy_n which_o be_v profess_v in_o these_o university_n be_v not_o teach_v with_o a_o intention_n to_o make_v the_o young_a student_n more_o learned_a and_o understanding_n but_o that_o the_o ingenious_a by_o these_o confuse_a and_o idle_a term_n may_v be_v divert_v from_o thorough_o investigate_a those_o matter_n which_o will_v have_v lead_v they_o to_o the_o whole_a discovery_n of_o the_o popish_a intrigue_n for_o their_o scholastic_a divinity_n be_v not_o employ_v in_o search_v and_o explain_v the_o holy_a scripture_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n entangle_v in_o useless_a question_n invent_v chief_o by_o peter_n lombard_n thomas_n aquinas_n scotus_n and_o the_o other_o patriarch_n of_o pedantry_n and_o what_o they_o call_v philosophy_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o collection_n of_o foolish_a chimer_n empty_a term_n and_o very_o bad_a latin_a the_o knowledge_n of_o which_o be_v rather_o hurtful_a than_o profitable_a if_o you_o have_v not_o be_v better_o instruct_v otherwise_o so_o that_o all_o what_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o science_n may_v not_o be_v fundamental_o teach_v to_o the_o student_n with_o these_o trumperies_fw-fr the_o university_n be_v not_o only_o overrun_v during_o the_o former_a barbarous_a time_n but_o even_o continue_v to_o this_o very_a day_n and_o though_o most_o science_n be_v so_o much_o improve_v the_o old_a leaven_n be_v with_o great_a industry_n preserve_v and_o propagate_v on_o the_o contrary_a all_o the_o solid_a science_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v instrumental_a in_o discover_v the_o vulgar_a error_n of_o the_o world_n be_v suppress_v above_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o most_o useful_a of_o all_o doctrine_n of_o morality_n be_v much_o misinterpret_v and_o entangle_v in_o a_o endless_a labyrinth_n that_o the_o father_n confessor_n may_v not_o want_v mean_n to_o domineer_v over_o the_o laymens_n conscience_n and_o to_o entangle_v they_o with_o so_o many_o dubious_a and_o double_a meaning_n insinuation_n that_o they_o be_v thereby_o render_v incapable_a to_o examine_v and_o rule_v their_o action_n according_a to_o solid_a principle_n but_o be_v oblige_v to_o be_v guide_v blindfold_o according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o father_n confessor_n §_o youth_n 35._o but_o because_o learning_n have_v give_v the_o main_a blow_n to_o the_o pope_n at_o the_o time_n of_o luther_n reformation_n the_o jesuit_n who_o may_v well_o be_v call_v the_o pope_n guard_v du_fw-fr corpse_n have_v afterward_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o management_n of_o the_o youth_n for_o they_o not_o only_o teach_v public_o in_o the_o
assistance_n who_o have_v take_v some_o ship_n load_v with_o ammunition_n belong_v to_o the_o regent_n and_o in_o vain_a endeavour_v to_o relieve_v the_o besiege_a castle_n the_o war_n be_v begin_v on_o both_o side_n for_o the_o archbishop_n have_v be_v force_v to_o surrender_v the_o castle_n and_o his_o office_n pope_n leo_n thereupon_o excommunicate_v the_o regent_n lay_v a_o fine_a of_o 100000_o ducat_n upon_o the_o swede_n and_o enjoin_v the_o execution_n thereof_o to_o king_n christian_n pursuant_n to_o this_o decree_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n fall_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o sweden_n and_o be_v meet_v by_o the_o regent_n and_o his_o force_n in_o west-gothland_n but_o the_o regent_n have_v receive_v a_o wound_n there_o of_o which_o he_o die_v soon_o after_o at_o strengness_n his_o army_n first_o retreat_v and_o be_v deprive_v of_o a_o leader_n afterward_o disperse_v king_n christian_n then_o have_v divide_v his_o army_n send_v one_o part_n into_o west_n and_o east-gothland_n which_o be_v soon_o subdue_v and_o march_v with_o the_o rest_n to_o strengness_n 1520._o the_o archbishop_n take_z hold_v of_o this_o opportunity_n reassume_v his_o archi-episcopal_a dignity_n and_o be_v assist_v by_o two_o other_o bishop_n and_o seven_o of_o the_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v declare_v christian_a king_n of_o sweden_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o estate_n at_o vpsal_n the_o king_n have_v be_v crown_v by_o the_o archbishop_n trolle_v and_o receive_v the_o city_n of_o stockhâ—lm_n by_o surrender_n into_o his_o hand_n treat_v the_o swede_n at_o 〈◊〉_d with_o abundance_n of_o humanity_n but_o soon_o after_o find_v out_o a_o weapon_n wherewith_o to_o destroy_v his_o adversary_n and_o this_o be_v the_o business_n concern_v the_o degradation_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o ruine_n of_o his_o castle_n of_o stecka_n for_o though_o the_o king_n by_o a_o amnestie_n have_v pardon_v all_o past_a offence_n yet_o no_o satisfaction_n have_v be_v give_v to_o the_o pope_n the_o archbishop_n in_o his_o name_n demand_v a_o million_o pound_n of_o silver_n in_o reparation_n of_o the_o damage_n do_v to_o the_o church_n at_o vpsal_n and_o his_o castle_n of_o stecka_n and_o to_o make_v up_o the_o matter_n it_o be_v pretend_v that_o gunpowder_n have_v be_v convey_v into_o the_o king_n palace_n to_o blow_v he_o up_o steen_n sture_n widow_n his_o mother_n in_o law_n fifteen_o other_o beside_o the_o senare_n and_o commonalty_n of_o stockholm_n be_v accuse_v as_o actor_n and_o abettor_n who_o be_v all_o condemn_v as_o heretic_n ninety_o four_o of_o they_o all_o people_n of_o note_n be_v behead_v at_o stockholm_n and_o their_o servant_n hang_v up_o with_o boot_n and_o spur_n the_o decease_a regent_n body_n have_v be_v dig_v up_o be_v expose_v among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o execute_v person_n and_o the_o quarter_n set_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n his_o widow_n and_o mother_n in_o law_n be_v force_v to_o purchase_v their_o life_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o whole_a estate_n and_o be_v nevertheless_o with_o a_o great_a many_o other_o woman_n of_o quality_n commit_v to_o prison_n in_o finland_n hemon_v gudde_n notwithstanding_o his_o former_a service_n do_v to_o he_o be_v with_o ten_o more_o execute_v by_o the_o king_n command_n the_o abbot_n of_o the_o convent_n at_o nydala_n be_v with_o eleven_o monk_n drown_v by_o his_o order_n and_o two_o gentleman_n son_n one_o of_o nine_o the_o other_o of_o seven_o year_n behead_v at_o joncope_a and_o after_o he_o have_v in_o this_o manner_n murder_v 600_o of_o his_o swedish_n subject_n he_o return_v into_o denmark_n §_o 9_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o that_o king_n christian_n be_v busy_v in_o bring_v the_o swede_n under_o the_o danish_a yoke_n by_o all_o manner_n of_o inhuman_a barbarity_n i._n gustavus_n erichson_n who_o father_n have_v be_v behead_v by_o the_o tyrant_n and_o his_o mother_n throw_v in_o prison_n have_v shelter_v himself_o among_o the_o dalekâ—rls_n who_o be_v make_v sensible_a of_o the_o danger_n which_o threaten_v they_o and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n have_v make_v gustave_n their_o head_n who_o example_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o sweden_n they_o soon_o after_o declare_v he_o regent_n of_o that_o kingdom_n except_o the_o archbishop_n and_o his_o party_n that_o remain_v firm_a to_o the_o danish_a interest_n king_n christian_n be_v violent_o exasperate_v at_o gustave_n revenge_v himself_o upon_o his_o mother_n and_o two_o sister_n who_o he_o send_v from_o stokholm_n to_o copenhagen_n where_o they_o perish_v in_o prison_n he_o issue_v also_o out_o a_o order_n that_o no_o quarter_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o any_o swedish_n nobleman_n and_o commit_v great_a barbarity_n wherever_o he_o come_v the_o swede_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o their_o regent_n gustave_n repay_v the_o dane_n with_o the_o same_o coin_n wherever_o they_o meet_v they_o and_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o lubecker_n besiege_v 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will_v fain_o have_v persuade_v the_o swede_n to_o follow_v their_o example_n but_o these_o be_v not_o ambitious_a of_o continue_v the_o union_n with_o denmark_n have_v refuse_v their_o proffer_n and_o choose_v gustave_n their_o king_n but_o king_n gustave_n find_v the_o treasury_n mighty_o exhaust_v by_o these_o long_a intestine_a war_n he_o not_o only_o tax_v the_o clergy_n to_o pay_v considerable_a sum_n towards_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o soldier_n but_o also_o make_v bold_a with_o the_o superfluous_a ornament_n of_o the_o church_n against_o which_o brask_n the_o bishop_n of_o lincope_a have_v protest_v and_o make_v complaint_n thereof_o to_o johannes_n magnus_n the_o pope_n legate_n peter_z bishop_n of_o westeraas_n endeavour_v to_o raise_v a_o insurrection_n among_o the_o dalekerl_n but_o while_o these_o bishop_n be_v employ_v in_o maintain_v their_o privilege_n the_o protestant_a religion_n have_v begin_v to_o spread_v all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n the_o same_o be_v by_o some_o 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instruct_v he_o in_o the_o chief_a point_n of_o it_o sweden_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n a_o great_a many_o german_a prince_n have_v take_v away_o the_o superfluous_a riches_n of_o the_o clergy_n begin_v to_o hearken_v to_o his_o opinion_n resolve_v nevertheless_o to_o go_v on_o cautious_o in_o this_o business_n and_o to_o see_v how_o some_o prince_n in_o germany_n shall_v proceed_v in_o this_o affair_n as_o also_o how_o the_o bishop_n in_o sweden_n will_v relish_v this_o doctrine_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n pope_n hadrian_n iv._o have_v send_v his_o legate_n into_o sweden_n to_o endeavour_v the_o extirpation_n of_o this_o heresy_n and_o the_o clergy_n of_o sweden_n grow_v every_o day_n more_o refractory_a refuse_v to_o pay_v the_o tax_n impose_v upon_o they_o as_o be_v contrary_a to_o their_o privilege_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n olaus_n petri_n be_v encourage_v by_o the_o king_n be_v not_o silent_a but_o defend_v his_o cause_n both_o by_o dispute_n and_o write_v with_o such_o
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relish_v very_o ill_o with_o the_o bishop_n yet_o be_v they_o fain_o to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n command_n who_o to_o mortify_v they_o the_o more_o also_o order_v a_o disputation_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o vpsal_n betwixt_o dr._n pieter_n gall_n and_o olaus_n petri_n concern_v the_o chief_a point_n in_o question_n betwixt_o the_o roman_a catholic_n and_o lutheran_n where_o olaus_n petri_n have_v much_o the_o better_a and_o his_o translation_n be_v approve_v of_o before_o the_o other_o which_o have_v be_v patch_v up_o by_o so_o many_o translator_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o danish_a clergy_n have_v give_v a_o considerable_a subsidy_n to_o their_o king_n to_o be_v employ_v against_o king_n christian_n wherefore_o king_n gustave_n take_v hold_n of_o this_o opportunity_n demand_v a_o considerable_a supply_n from_o the_o swedish_n clergy_n but_o these_o object_v that_o it_o be_v against_o their_o privilege_n and_o right_n the_o king_n order_v the_o same_o to_o be_v examine_v in_o another_o dispute_n betwixt_o olaus_n petri_n and_o dr._n pieter_n gall_n and_o because_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o prove_v their_o title_n out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n the_o king_n conclude_v they_o to_o be_v dependent_a on_o his_o pleasure_n and_o at_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o westeraos_n not_o only_o demand_v a_o supply_n from_o the_o clergy_n but_o also_o propose_v that_o the_o superfluous_a bell_n shall_v be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o church_n and_o be_v employ_v towards_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o debt_n due_a to_o the_o lubecker_n and_o because_o the_o archbishop_n grow_v more_o troublesome_a every_o day_n the_o king_n first_o take_v he_o into_o custody_n and_o afterward_o send_v he_o ambassador_n into_o poland_n from_o whence_o he_o never_o return_v into_o sweden_n he_o also_o command_v another_o disputation_n to_o be_v hold_v concern_v the_o chief_a point_n in_o question_n betwixt_o the_o lutheran_n and_o roman_a catholic_n which_o however_o meet_v with_o great_a opposition_n from_o bishop_n brask_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n clergy_n who_o set_v up_o a_o country_n fellow_n against_o gustave_n this_o fellow_n pretend_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o steen_n stir_v notwithstanding_o he_o be_v dead_a a_o twelve_o month_n before_o and_o have_v get_v a_o party_n among_o the_o dalekerl_n and_o be_v uphold_v by_o bishop_n brask_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o druntheim_n in_o norway_n 1527._o and_o encourage_v in_o his_o undertake_n by_o king_n frederick_n of_o denmark_n lay_v open_a claim_n to_o the_o crown_n threaten_v all_o the_o lutheran_n and_o especial_o the_o city_n of_o stockholm_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n which_o be_v the_o most_o forward_o in_o settle_v the_o protestant_a religion_n about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o emperor_n have_v besiege_v pope_n clement_n vii_o in_o the_o castle_n of_o st._n angelo_n wherefore_o king_n gustave_n take_v hold_n of_o this_o juncture_n appoint_v a_o diet_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o westeraos_n where_o in_o his_o declaration_n he_o profess_v that_o the_o roman_n catholic_n clergy_n have_v make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o charge_v he_o with_o make_v innovation_n in_o religion_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o that_o he_o will_v not_o let_v they_o domineer_v over_o the_o layman_n and_o have_v force_v they_o to_o submit_v to_o the_o civil_a power_n and_o to_o give_v part_n of_o their_o superfluous_a riches_n some_o of_o which_o they_o have_v get_v by_o fraud_n towards_o ease_v the_o common_a people_n of_o those_o burdensome_a tax_n which_o he_o hitherto_o have_v be_v force_v to_o impose_v upon_o they_o and_o that_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o emperor_n himself_o have_v be_v force_v late_o to_o teach_v the_o pope_n his_o duty_n the_o same_o thing_n be_v propose_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o whole_a diet_n where_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o superfluous_a revenue_n of_o the_o clergy_n ought_v to_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o especial_o such_o land_n as_o 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secret_o take_v a_o resolution_n among_o themselves_o not_o to_o obey_v the_o king_n in_o this_o point_n not_o to_o surrender_v any_o of_o their_o revenue_n or_o to_o recede_v from_o their_o ancient_a religion_n and_o bishop_n brask_n free_o tell_v the_o king_n that_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v such_o a_o strict_a dependency_n on_o the_o pope_n that_o without_o his_o consent_n they_o can_v not_o do_v any_o thing_n whatsoever_o which_o as_o it_o meet_v with_o great_a approbation_n from_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o from_o some_o of_o the_o temporal_a estate_n so_o the_o king_n be_v so_o incense_v thereat_o that_o he_o immediate_o rise_v from_o his_o seat_n and_o tell_v the_o estate_n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o abdicate_v the_o kingdom_n if_o they_o will_v repay_v he_o his_o charge_n and_o money_n which_o he_o have_v lay_v out_o for_o that_o use_n and_o to_o show_v they_o that_o he_o be_v in_o earnest_n retire_v for_o several_a day_n with_o some_o of_o his_o chief_a officer_n into_o the_o castle_n the_o estate_n be_v much_o surprise_v at_o the_o king_n resolution_n especial_o when_o they_o see_v the_o citizen_n of_o stockholm_n to_o be_v steadfast_a to_o the_o king_n and_o that_o dr._n peter_n gall_n be_v worsted_n by_o olaus_n petri_n in_o a_o late_a disputation_n think_v it_o their_o best_a way_n to_o beg_v the_o king_n pardon_n and_o to_o entreat_v he_o not_o to_o resign_v the_o crown_n upon_o their_o reiterated_a request_n the_o king_n have_v be_v at_o last_o prevail_v upon_o to_o come_v out_o of_o the_o castle_n demand_v from_o several_a bishop_n to_o surrender_v into_o his_o hand_n their_o castle_n and_o to_o subscribe_v a_o decree_n make_v at_o this_o diet_n concern_v the_o regulate_v of_o the_o clergy_n which_o they_o be_v fain_o to_o comply_v withal_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o diet_n be_v end_v he_o take_v not_o only_o from_o the_o monastery_n such_o land_n as_o