Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n
Text snippets containing the quad
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A67708
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A discourse upon improving the revenue of the State of Athens written originally in Greek by Xenophon ; and made English from the original with some historical notes by W.M. Esq.; Discourse upon improving the revenue of the state of Athens. English
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Xenophon.; Moyle, Walter, 1672-1721.
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1697
(1697)
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Wing X18; ESTC R9868
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21,592
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65
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where_o can_v moneyed_a man_n make_v a_o better_a improvement_n of_o their_o wealth_n and_o where_o be_v there_o great_a encouragement_n for_o those_o who_o live_v by_o art_n of_o invention_n and_o ingenuity_n where_o be_v there_o better_a employment_n for_o artificer_n and_o mechanic_n trade_n where_o can_v the_o sophist_n philosopher_n poet_n and_o the_o lover_n of_o the_o liberal_a art_n resort_n to_o a_o more_o renown_a school_n of_o learning_n and_o humanity_n where_o be_v there_o a_o noble_a scene_n to_o gratify_v the_o curiosity_n of_o all_o stranger_n that_o be_v delight_v with_o divine_a right_n and_o institution_n and_o the_o celebration_n of_o religious_a game_n and_o festival_n and_o where_o can_v merchant_n of_o all_o kind_n whatsoever_o find_v a_o better_a market_n to_o make_v quick_a return_v of_o their_o money_n than_o athens_n if_o my_o opposer_n acknowledge_v all_o this_o to_o be_v true_a but_o still_o imagine_v that_o we_o can_v never_o recover_v the_o dominion_n of_o greece_n but_o by_o a_o war_n i_o desire_v they_o to_o look_v back_o to_o the_o persian_a invasion_n and_o examine_v whether_o it_o be_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n or_o our_o good_a office_n to_o the_o greek_n that_o we_o be_v place_v at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o 28._o naval_a confederacy_n and_o the_o common_a treasury_n of_o greece_n and_o when_o by_o a_o tyrannical_a exercise_n of_o our_o power_n we_o lose_v our_o jurisdiction_n by_o a_o alteration_n of_o our_o measure_n and_o a_o mild_a administration_n 29._o we_o be_v restore_v to_o our_o ancient_a authority_n by_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o island_n do_v not_o the_o theban_n in_o acknowledgement_n of_o our_o generous_a assistance_n to_o their_o state_n place_v we_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o common_a 30._o alliance_n and_o our_o rival_n the_o lacedaemonian_n for_o the_o same_o consideration_n quit_v their_o old_a pretension_n and_o suffer_v we_o to_o give_v law_n to_o the_o 31._o last_v treaty_n and_o dispose_v of_o the_o supreme_a command_n of_o greece_n at_o our_o own_o discretion_n and_o at_o this_o juncture_n in_o the_o general_a confusion_n of_o greece_n we_o have_v the_o most_o favourable_a opportunity_n of_o recover_v our_o ancient_a dominion_n without_o difficulty_n hazard_n or_o expense_n that_o ever_o any_o nation_n have_v for_o if_o we_o set_v up_o to_o be_v the_o common_a mediator_n of_o greece_n and_o interpose_v our_o authority_n to_o unite_v all_o the_o divide_a interest_n abroad_o and_o reconcile_v all_o the_o faction_n at_o home_n and_o if_o by_o solemn_a embassy_n to_o all_o the_o neighbour_a state_n we_o declare_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o 32._o delphi_n all_o greece_n will_v support_v we_o at_o the_o head_n of_o so_o glorious_a a_o cause_n and_o unite_v in_o a_o general_a confederacy_n against_o the_o common_a enemy_n 33._o who_o endeavour_v to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o delphi_n when_o the_o phocian_o be_v reduce_v to_o extremitry_n and_o if_o we_o afterward_o warm_o interest_v ourselves_o to_o establish_v a_o general_a peace_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n all_o greece_n next_o to_o the_o security_n of_o their_o own_o government_n will_v desire_v the_o preservation_n of_o athens_n if_o any_o man_n can_v have_v so_o wild_a a_o notion_n as_o to_o imagine_v that_o war_n will_v contribute_v more_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o state_n than_o peace_n i_o know_v no_o better_a way_n to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n than_o by_o appeal_n to_o the_o experience_n of_o former_a age_n and_o produce_v precedent_n to_o the_o contrary_a out_o of_o our_o own_o story_n for_o upon_o inquiry_n he_o may_v find_v that_o the_o vast_a treasure_n we_o have_v amass_v in_o peace_n be_v all_o consume_v in_o our_o former_a war_n and_o to_o quote_v instance_n of_o a_o fresh_a date_n in_o the_o present_a war_n all_o the_o branch_n of_o our_o income_n have_v be_v deficient_a and_o what_o money_n come_v in_o upon_o the_o public_a fond_n have_v be_v all_o apply_v to_o the_o press_a occasion_n of_o the_o state_n but_o since_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v open_a and_o our_o trade_n free_a every_o article_n of_o our_o income_n be_v advance_v and_o the_o government_n be_v at_o liberty_n to_o employ_v it_o as_o they_o think_v convenient_a not_o that_o i_o will_v advise_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o sit_v down_o tame_o by_o their_o injury_n in_o case_n of_o a_o foreign_a invasion_n but_o this_o i_o be_o sure_a of_o that_o we_o shall_v be_v better_o enable_v to_o revenge_v the_o affront_n if_o we_o be_v not_o the_o aggressor_n for_o our_o enemy_n will_v never_o be_v able_a to_o form_v a_o confederacy_n to_o support_v they_o in_o a_o unjust_a war._n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n if_o nothing_o in_o this_o proposal_n appear_v impossible_a or_o difficult_a and_o if_o a_o pursuit_n of_o these_o council_n and_o resolution_n will_v gain_v the_o affection_n of_o greece_n and_o establish_v our_o security_n at_o home_n and_o increase_v our_o reputation_n abroad_o if_o the_o common_a people_n will_v abound_v in_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n and_o the_o rich_a be_v ease_v of_o their_o tax_n to_o the_o war_n if_o in_o this_o universal_a plenty_n our_o temple_n will_v be_v rebuilt_a and_o our_o religious_a festival_n and_o solemnity_n celebrate_v with_o more_o magnificence_n if_o our_o wall_n dock_n and_o arsenal_n will_v be_v repair_v and_o our_o priest_n senate_n magistrate_n and_o cavalry_n restore_v to_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n be_v it_o not_o fit_a that_o all_o engine_n shall_v be_v set_v at_o work_n to_o promote_v so_o glorious_a a_o undertake_n that_o in_o our_o day_n we_o may_v see_v our_o country_n establish_v upon_o a_o solid_a foundation_n of_o security_n and_o happiness_n and_o if_o the_o public_a upon_o due_a consideration_n think_v fit_a to_o execute_v these_o order_n and_o institution_n i_o will_v advise_v they_o to_o send_v ambassador_n to_o delphi_n and_o dodona_n to_o consult_v the_o god_n whether_o such_o a_o reformation_n of_o our_o government_n will_v not_o turn_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o present_a age_n and_o the_o benefit_n of_o all_o posterity_n and_o if_o these_o resolution_n be_v ratify_v by_o the_o divine_a approbation_n to_o consult_v the_o oracle_n once_o more_o to_o the_o protection_n of_o what_o god_n we_o shall_v recommend_v the_o success_n of_o this_o enterprise_n and_o then_o to_o propitiate_v those_o god_n we_o be_v direct_v to_o apply_v to_o in_o order_n to_o engage_v their_o assisstance_n and_o after_o this_o solemn_a invocation_n to_o enter_v bold_o upon_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o design_n for_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o all_o undertake_n shall_v be_v attend_v with_o more_o favourable_a success_n that_o be_v begin_v and_o carry_v on_o under_o the_o immediate_a care_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o divine_a providence_n the_o end_n note_n upon_o the_o translation_n a_o table_n of_o the_o attic_a coin_n reduce_v to_o the_o value_n of_o english_a money_n the_o obolus_fw-la be_v equal_a to_o 1_o d._n 1_o q._n the_o triobolus_fw-la be_v three_o oboli_fw-la and_o make_v 3_o d._n 3_o d._n the_o drachma_n be_v six_o oboli_fw-la and_o make_v 7_o d._n 2_o q._n the_o mina_n be_v a_o hundred_o drachma_n and_o make_v 3_o l._n 2_o s._n 6_o d._n the_o common_a attic_a talon_n consist_v of_o sixty_o minae_fw-la which_o amount_v in_o our_o money_n to_o 187_o l._n 10_o s._n these_o be_v the_o common_a attic_a coin_n which_o be_v most_o frequent_o mention_v by_o their_o writer_n and_o which_o i_o have_v reduce_v to_o our_o english_a money_n to_o make_v way_n for_o the_o easy_a understanding_n of_o this_o discourse_n note_v 1._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o state_n of_o athens_n be_v at_o a_o great_a charge_n in_o maintain_v the_o common_a people_n they_o be_v allow_v three_o oboli_fw-la a_o man_n for_o every_o cause_n they_o judge_v and_o this_o pension_n be_v call_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lucian_n in_o bis_fw-la accusato_fw-la and_o some_o day_n many_o thousand_o receive_v this_o pension_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o allowance_n of_o two_o oboli_fw-la apiece_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o sight_n of_o public_a show_n liba_n in_o argu_n olyn_n primae_fw-la the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o obolus_fw-la apiece_o pay_v they_o every_o time_n they_o assemble_v juli._n poll._n l._n 6._o c._n 9_o and_o this_o pension_n be_v afterward_o increase_v to_o three_o oboli_fw-la beside_o all_o maim_a and_o disable_v citizen_n have_v a_o pension_n of_o two_o oboli_fw-la a_o day_n harpocra_fw-la in_o verbo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d note_v 2._o xenophon_n say_v only_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v plain_o understand_v as_o appear_v from_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n and_o xenophon_n treatise_n of_o the_o government_n of_o athens_n
this_o tax_n upon_o the_o confederate_n be_v at_o first_o but_o 400_o talent_n but_o it_o be_v afterward_o advance_v to_o 1300._o plutar._n in_o vitâ_fw-la aristidis_fw-la this_o tribute_n be_v so_o burdensome_a that_o it_o provoke_v the_o confederate_n to_o frequent_a revolt_v note_v 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d alien_n duty_n this_o be_v a_o annual_a tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o alien_n of_o twelve_o drachma_n for_o every_o man_n and_o six_o for_o every_o woman_n harpocra_fw-la in_o verbo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o number_n of_o the_o alien_n amount_v general_o to_o 10000_o original_o at_o athens_n there_o be_v no_o distinction_n between_o stranger_n and_o native_n for_o all_o foreigner_n be_v naturalize_v promiscuous_o thucyd._n l._n 1._o c._n 2._o thus_o all_o the_o plataean_n be_v naturalize_v at_o once_o thucyd_n l._n 3._o c._n 55._o and_o this_o custom_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o their_o future_a greatness_n but_o as_o the_o city_n grow_v more_o populous_a they_o grow_v more_o spare_v of_o this_o favour_n scholi_fw-la thucyd._n l._n 1._o c._n 2._o and_o this_o privilege_n be_v give_v to_o such_o only_a as_o have_v deserve_v it_o by_o some_o extraordinary_a service_n to_o the_o state_n demost_a oratio_fw-la contra_fw-la neaeram_fw-la note_v 4._o trade_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o basil_n edition_n read_v it_o right_n for_o most_o part_n of_o the_o mechanic_n and_o handicraft_n trade_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o the_o alien_n at_o athens_n xenoph._n de_fw-fr polit_fw-la athen._n note_v 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d xenophon_n explain_v this_o passage_n in_o his_o hipparchicus_n where_o he_o advivise_v the_o state_n to_o enrol_v alien_n among_o their_o horse_n beside_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o horse-service_n there_o be_v a_o considerable_a pay_n in_o peace_n and_o war_n allow_v they_o ulpianus_n in_o timocrateam_n xenoph._n in_o hippar._n note_v 6._o waste_a ground_n vide_fw-la thucyd._n l._n 2._o c._n 17._o note_v 7._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d every_o alien_n by_o the_o law_n of_o athens_n be_v oblige_v to_o choose_v a_o private_a patron_n among_o the_o citizen_n harpocration_n in_o verbo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o here_o xenophon_n propose_v public_a patron_n for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o alien_n note_v 8._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vide_fw-la demosthen_n contra_fw-la macartatum_fw-la note_v 9_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o meaning_n of_o xenophon_n be_v that_o the_o athenian_a money_n be_v more_o valuable_a abroad_o than_o the_o coin_n of_o any_o other_o nation_n because_o it_o be_v fine_a and_o consequent_o be_v worth_n more_o than_o its_o own_o weight_n of_o any_o other_o silver_n that_o have_v more_o alloy_n in_o it_o for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o ounce_n of_o athenian_a silver_n shall_v be_v worth_n more_o in_o specie_fw-la than_o a_o ounce_n of_o other_o silver_n of_o the_o same_o fineness_n sensus_fw-la moresque_fw-la repugnant_a atque_fw-la ipsa_fw-la utilitas_fw-la note_v 10._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d this_o court_n of_o judicature_n be_v probable_o the_o same_o with_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mention_v by_o suidas_n and_o hesychius_n in_o verbo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d note_v 11._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d this_o be_v a_o right_a of_o precedence_n in_o the_o theatre_n senate_n assembly_n of_o the_o people_n and_o in_o all_o public_a place_n whatsoever_o schol._n aristoph_n in_o equ_n this_o custom_n be_v practise_v by_o the_o spartan_n who_o give_v this_o privilege_n to_o the_o deceleans_n herodotus_n lib._n 9_o c._n 72._o note_v 12._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o fond_a harpoc_n hesychius_n in_o verbo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d note_v 13._o hegesilaus_n command_v the_o athenian_a troop_n send_v to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o mantinaean_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o mantinaea_n which_o be_v a_o proof_n that_o this_o discourse_n be_v write_v after_o that_o battle_n diog._n laer._n in_o xenoph._n diodorus_n siculus_n by_o mistake_n call_v he_o hegelochus_n note_v 14._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d salmasius_n de_fw-fr modo_fw-la usurarum_fw-la think_v that_o this_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o the_o people_n receive_v for_o judge_a cause_n but_o xenophon_n computation_n plain_o confute_v this_o opinion_n he_o say_v that_o a_o contributer_n of_o 10_o minae_fw-la or_o 1000_o drachma_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o a_o triobolus_fw-la or_o half_a a_o drachma_n a_o day_n will_v in_o a_o year_n time_n receive_v almost_o the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o principal_a money_n he_o advance_v which_o be_v very_o true_a for_o reckon_v as_o xenophon_n always_o do_v in_o this_o discourse_n 360_o day_n to_o the_o year_n the_o payment_n of_o a_o triobolus_fw-la a_o day_n will_v amount_v to_o 180_o drachmae_fw-la which_o be_v near_o the_o five_o part_n of_o 1000_o drachmae_fw-la but_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d can_v never_o amount_v to_o this_o sum_n because_o the_o holyday_n by_o the_o confession_n of_o salmasius_n take_v up_o two_o month_n in_o the_o year_n and_o on_o these_o day_n the_o people_n never_o hear_v cause_n so_o that_o 30_o drachma_n must_v be_v deduct_v from_o 180_o which_o reduce_v the_o sum_n to_o 150_o which_o be_v little_o more_o than_o the_o seven_o part_n of_o 1000_o so_o that_o salmasius_n be_v mistake_v or_o xenophon_n be_v a_o very_a loose_a calculator_n the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o passage_n i_o take_v to_o be_v this_o xenophon_n in_o the_o follow_a part_n of_o this_o discourse_n in_o order_n to_o make_v provision_n for_o the_o citizen_n make_v a_o proposal_n to_o the_o state_n to_o buy_v as_o many_o slave_n as_o will_v treble_v the_o number_n of_o their_o own_o citizen_n which_o slave_n be_v to_o be_v let_v out_o at_o the_o rate_n of_o a_o obolus_fw-la a_o day_n to_o the_o adventurer_n in_o the_o mine_n which_o bring_v in_o a_o revenue_n of_o three_o oboli_fw-la a_o day_n to_o every_o citizen_n because_o the_o slave_n be_v thrice_o as_o many_o as_o the_o citizen_n among_o who_o this_o revenue_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o triobulus_fw-la mention_v by_o xenophon_n which_o every_o citizen_n be_v to_o receive_v in_o recompense_n for_o his_o contribution_n note_v 15._o nautick-interest_n be_v the_o high_a interest_n and_o be_v here_o oppose_v to_o land-interest_n which_o be_v considerable_o less_o for_o in_o the_o former_a the_o creditor_n run_v a_o great_a hazard_n for_o if_o the_o merchant_n who_o borrow_a the_o money_n and_o employ_v it_o in_o trade_n lose_v his_o ship_n the_o creditor_n lose_v his_o money_n and_o have_v no_o right_a to_o demand_v it_o of_o the_o merchant_n a_o trade_n somewhat_o like_o our_o bottumry_n this_o interest_n general_o amount_v to_o 20_o per_fw-la cent._n or_o the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o principal_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la it_o be_v true_a it_o often_o varied_a and_o be_v high_a or_o low_o according_a to_o the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n or_o the_o danger_n and_o distance_n of_o the_o voyage_n but_o the_o general_n medium_fw-la may_v be_v safe_o establish_v at_o 20_o per_fw-la cent._n there_o be_v several_a contract_n of_o money_n lend_v upon_o nautick-interest_n extant_a in_o the_o oration_n of_o demosth_n contra_fw-la lacrit_n pro_fw-la phormi_fw-la contra_fw-la pant._n contra_fw-la phormi_fw-la note_v 16._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d more_o than_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o principal_a money_n for_o a_o triobolus_fw-la a_o day_n in_o a_o year_n make_v 180_o drachmae_fw-la which_o be_v above_o the_o three_o part_n of_o five_o minae_fw-la or_o 500_o drachmae_fw-la the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o high_a nautick-interest_n and_o come_v to_o above_o 33_o per_fw-la cent._n there_o be_v a_o instance_n which_o come_v very_o near_o this_o computation_n in_o the_o oration_n of_o demosthenes_n contra_fw-la phormi_fw-la note_v 17._o almost_o double_v their_o principal_n for_o 180_o drachmae_fw-la be_v almost_o double_a one_o mina_n or_o 100_o drachmae_fw-la note_v 18._o foreign_a city_n etc._n etc._n foreign_a state_n often_o contribute_v to_o the_o public_a building_n of_o the_o greek_n the_o rhodian_o when_v their_o colossus_n be_v overturn_v by_o a_o earthquake_n receive_v contribution_n from_o all_o the_o neighbour_a state_n in_o order_n to_o restore_v it_o polybius_n lib._n 5._o and_o there_o be_v many_o inscription_n of_o such_o public_a benefactor_n extant_a in_o gruterus_n and_o elsewhere_o note_v 19_o that_o the_o mine_n can_v never_o be_v exhaust_v it_o be_v plain_a from_o pausanias_n that_o these_o mine_n be_v not_o work_v in_o his_o time_n paus_n attic._n but_o this_o do_v not_o destroy_v the_o assertion_n of_o xenophon_n for_o the_o plunder_v the_o temple_n of_o delphi_n bring_v out_o two_o million_o of_o our_o money_n which_o lie_v dead_a before_o and_o