Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	cold_a	hot_a	moist_a	1,558	5	9.6254	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34110	Naturall philosophie reformed by divine light, or, A synopsis of physicks by J.A. Comenius ... ; with a briefe appendix touching the diseases of the body, mind, and soul, with their generall remedies, by the same author.; Physicae ad lumen divinum reformatae synopsis. English	Comenius, Johann Amos, 1592-1670.	1651 (1651)	Wing C5522; ESTC R7224	114,530	304

a membrane a bone c. by the motion of Contraction lastly the air in breathing drawn in and let forth shews the motion of Continuity and Contiguity For when the lungs are distended the air enters in least their should be a vacuum but when the lungs contract themselves the air gives way the motion of Liberty will appear if you either presse down or draw up your skin for as soon as you take away your hand it will return to its situation lastly if you fall from any place there will be the motion of Aggregation for you will make toward the earth as being weight and earth your self XVI If motions be infolded they either increase or hinder one anothers force You have an example of the first if you cast a stone towards the earth for here the motion of Aggregation and Impulsion are joyned together Of the latter if you cast a stone towards heaven for here the motion of Impulsion striveth against the motion of Aggregation in which strife the stronger at length overcomes the weaker the naturall that which is but accessory XVII Compound motion is in living creatures when they doe of their own accord move themselves from place to place Namely birds by flying fishes by swimming beasts by running of which we shall see Chap. 10. how every one is performed Also naturall Philosophers call that a compound motion when a thing is wholly changed either to being or not being or to another kind of being though it continue in the same place but we call these mutations and they are to be handled in a pecuculiar Chapter the third from this CHAP. IV. Of the Qualities of things THe matter is variously mingled with the spirit light by these various motions and from this various mixture come various qualities so that this thing is called is such a thing that such a thing again another such or such a thing which we must now consider these talities or qualities are some of them generall common to all bodies others speciall proper to some creatures only the first are to be laid open here together for all once the other hereafter in their places I A quality is an accident of a body in regard of which every thing is said to be such or such II There are qualities in every body as well intangible spirituall and volatile as grosse tangible and fixed For a body is as we saw cap. 2. in the description of matter Aphor. 8. and of the spirit Aphor. 1. either Intangible or Nolatile which they also call spirituall as breath air Tangible namely water and all fluid things earth and all consistent things The qualities therefore which we will treat of shall be common to all these For it may be said both of a stone and of water and of air and of the spirit that is inclosed in a body that it is fat or raw hot or cold moist or dry thick or thin c. III The qualities are the grounds of all forms in bodies For the former causes a living creature to differ from a stone a stone from wood wood from ice and the forme consists of qualities Therefore the doctrine of qualities is exceeding profitable and as it were the basis of naturall science which because it hath been hitherto miserably handled the light of physicks hath been maimed and by that means obscure IV A quality is either intrinsecall and substantiall or extrinsecall and accidentall Of the substantiall qualities Sulphur Salt and Mercury V A substantiall quality arising from the first mixture of the principles is threefold Aquosity which the Chymicks call Mercury Oleosity Sulphur Consistency Salt N. 1 These flow immediately from the combination of the first principles Fire Sulphur Salt Spirit Matter Mercury For as in the beginning the spirit conjoyned with the matter produced the moving of the waters so Mercury is nothing but motion the first fluid thing which cannot be fixed nor conteined within alimit and salt is dry and hot and uncorruptible just as spirit and fire it is preserved by fire it is dissolved with water or Mercury but turns neither to flame nor smoak though it is a most spirituall creature and every way incorruptible And Sulphur what is it but matter mixt with fire for why doth it delight in flame but that it is of a like nature and in compound things it is the first thing combustible or apt to be inflamed N. 2. But beware that you understand not our vulgar minerall Salt Sulphur and Mercury or quicksilver For these are mixt bodies salt earth sulphurie earth Mercurial water that is matter wherein Salt Sulphur and Mercury are predominant yet with other things adjoyned for Salt hath parts apt to be inflamed and Sulphur some salt and some Mercury but the denomination is from the chiefest Those qualities cannot be seen as they are in themselves but by imagination but they are in all things as Chymicks demonstrate to the eye who extract crude and watery parts out of every wood stone c. and other fat and oily parts and that which remains is salt that is ashes so the thing it selfe speaks that some liquor is mercurious as vulgar water and flegme other sulphury as oil and spirit of wine other salt and tart as aqua fortis also we find by experience in the benummings and aches of the members that some vapours are crude others sharp VI God produced the qualities intrinsecally that the substance of every body might be formed For ☿ Sulphur salt giveth unto things fluidity coition crudity 〈◊〉 cleaving together fatnesse consistency hardness aptnesse to break and from thence incōbustibility inflammability incorruptibility That Mercury giveth fluidity and easie coition of the matter appears out of quicksilver which by reason of the predominancy of Mercury is most fluid so that it will not endure to be stoped or fixed It is also most crude so that it can neither be kindled nor burned but if you put fire to it flees away into air Now that the coagulation of bodies is from sulphur as it were glue appears from hence that there is more oil in dry solid and close bodies then in moist bodies also because ashes after that the Sulphur is cousumed with five if you power water on them clear not together in a lump but with oil or fat they cleave together Now Chymicks extract oil out of every stone leaving nothing but ashes no part cleaving one to another any longer And that salt gives consistency appears by the bones of living creatures out of which Chymicks extract meer salt also all dense things leave behind them much ashes that is salt God therefore with great counsel tempered these three qualities together in bodies for if Mercury were away the matter would not flow together to the generation of things if salt nothing would consist together or be fixed if sulphur the consistency would be forced and yet apt to be dissipated Lastly if there were not sulphur in wood and some other

Elements themselves to scorch them and scorching them to attenuate them and attenuating them to resolve them into vapours of which condensed again many severall species of things are progenerated Now then the nature of vapours shall be laid open in the following Aphorismes I Vapour is an Element rarified mixed with another Element For example the vapour of water what is it but water rarified and scattered in the air smoak what is it but an exhalation of wood or other matter resolved II Vapour is generated of the grosser Elements earth water air as of all mixt bodies Of water the matter is evident For being set to the fire it evaporates visibly set in the sun it evaporates sensibly because even whole Pools Rivers Lakes are dried up by little and little by the heat of the sun That the earth exhales you may know by sense if you put a clot into a dish of earth or pewter and pour in water so oft upon it and let it evapourate with the heat till there is nothing left neither of the water nor of the clay For what is become of the clot it is sure enough turned into aire with the parts of the water The vapour of air is invisible yet it appears that there is some 1 In a living body where all acknowledge that there are evaporations through the skin and the hair For then the vapours that go out what are they but the vapours of the inward vapours far more subtle then the vapours of water 2 Fruits herbs spices c. dried yea very dry spread from them an odour now an odour what is it but an exhalation But not in this place a watery exhalation being that there is not any thing watery left in them therefore airy That mixt bodies do vapour is without doubt forasmuch as the Elements of which they do consist do vapour Understand not only soft bodies sulphur salt herbs flesh c. but the very hardest For how could a thunder-bolt be generated in the clouds if stony vapours did not ascend into the cloud and it is certain that stones exposed to the air for some ages as in high towers grow porous how but by evaporation and what is the melting of metals but a kind of vaporation for though the metall return to its consistency yet not in the same quantity because something is evaporated by putting to the heat III Heat is the efficient cause of vapour which withersoever it diffuseth it selfe attenuating the matter of bodies turns it into vapour For this is the perpetuall virtue of heat to rarifie attenuate and diffuse IV All is full of vapour throughout the world For heat the begetter of vapours is no where wanting so that the World is nothing else but a great Vaporarie or Stove For the earth doth alwayes nourish infinite store of vapours in its bowels and the sea boiles daily vvith inward vapours and the air is stuft full of them every vvhere And vve shall see hereafter that the skie is not altogether free from them But living bodies of Animals and Plants are no●hing but shops of vapours and as it vvere a kind of Alembecks perpetually vaporing as long as they have life or heat V Vapours are generated for the progenerating of other things For all things are made of the Elements as it is vvell known Stones Herbs Animals c. but because they cannot be made unlesse the Elements themselves be first founded they must of necessity be melted vvhich is done vvhen they are resolved into vapours and variously instilled into things to put on severall formes And hence it is that Moses testifies that the first seven days of the world when there was yet no rain a vapour went up from the earth to water the whole earth that is all things growing out of the earth Read with attention Gen. 2. ver 4 5 6. VI Vapours are the matter of all bodies For vvho knoweth not that vvaters and oiles are gathered out of the vapours of Alembicks vvho seeth not also that smoak in a chimney turns into soot that is black dust yea that soot gets into the wals of chimneys and turnes into a stony hardnesse After the same manner therefore that clouds rain hail stones herbs are made of the condensed vapours of the Elements and living creatures themselves and in them bloud flesh bones hairs are nothing but vapours concrete vvill appear more clear then the light at noon day VII Vapours then are coagulated some into liquid matter as water spittle flesh or pulp some into consistent matter as stones bones wood c. That appears because those liquid things may be turned into vapours and consistent things into smoke which they could not if they were not made of them for every thing may be resolved into that onely of which it is made VIII The motion of vapours with us is upwards because among the thicker elements they obtein the nature of thinner For certainly the vapour of water is thinner then water it self yea thinner then the very air which though it consist of smaller parts yet they are compacted And therefore vapor suffers it self to be prest neither by water nor air but frees it self still getting upwards hence it is that plants grow upwards because the vapour included spreading it self tends upwards IX One vapour is moist another dry one thin another thick one mild another sharp c. For those qualities which are afterwards in bodies are initially in their rudiments that is vapours which we may know by experience For dry smoak pains the eyes which a humid vapour doth not there you have sharpnesse smels also which are nothing but exhalations of things do not they sufficiently manifest sharpnesse sweetnesse c and Chymicks gather Sulphur salt and Mercury out of smoak Therefore all qualities are in vapours more or lesse whence the bodies afterwards made of them get such or such an habit or figure X Vapours gathered together and not coagulated cause wind in the air trouble in the sea earthquake in the earth Of winds XI Wind is a fluxe of the air ordained in nature for most profitable ends For winds are 1 the besomes of the world cleansing the elements and keeping them from putrefying 2 the fan of the spirit of life causing it to vegetate in plants and all growing things 3 the charriots of clouds rains smels yea of heat cold whether soever there is need that they should be conveyed 4 Lastly they bestow strong motions for the uses of men as grinding sailing XII The ordinary cause of wind is store of exhalations one where enforcing the air to flow elsewhere We may in our hand raise a kind of wind four manner of ways namely by forcing or compressing rarifying and densifying air which shall be shewed by examples by and by and so many wayes are winds raised in the world yet they are all referred to that first cause vapours as shall be seen by and by I said that wind may be raised by

same efficient cause of its condensation For sometimes cold condenseth a vapour as in the head and pipe of an Alembick which must needs be cooled we see sometimes the very compression it selfe or conspissation as it is plain in the roof of baths and the cover of a boiling pot But neither of these causes is wanting to beget rain being that the middle region of the air is cold and the cloud being pressed together by the vapours alwayes ascending must of necessity be dissolved And this is the cause why the burning heat of the air is a fore-teller of rain because then it is certain that the air is thickned N. 2. That rain is better for fields and gardens then river water because it hath a kind of a fatnesse mixt with it from the evaporations of the earth minerals plants and Animals wherewith it gives the earth a most profitable tincture N. 3 Sometimes wormes small fishes frogs c. fall with the rain which as it is very likely are suddenly generated within the cloud of vapours gathered together of the same nature by virtue of a living spirit admixt therewith as in the beginning at the Command of God the waters brought forth creeping things and fishes in a moment XXIX Hail is rain congealed For when the Sun beams in the greatest heat of Summer have driven away all cold from the earth into the middle region of the air it comes to passe that that vehement cold doth violently harden the drops of rain passing through them and forces them to turn to ice and therefore haile cannot be procreated in Winter the cold abiding then near the earth not on high XXX Snow is a resolution of a cloud into most small drops and withall a thickning of them with a gentle cold N. 1 It falls only in Winter because the vapours are not elevated by the weak rayes of the Sun so far as the middle that is the cold region here then near the earth the resolution is made in a milder cold and withall the congelation is very mild 2 The whitenesse of the snow is from the conjunction of the parts of the water the same comes to passe in broken ice and in the froth of water XXXI Dew is a thin vapour or else the air it selfe attracted by the leaves of plants and with their coldnesse condensed into water For it is no where but upon plants and that in the heat of summer when the plants are colder then the air it selfe Now this turnes to the great benefit of the plants for by that means they are moistned at the very driest time of the year And therefore they are produced also in those countries which know no rain XXXII Frost is congealed dew Therfore there is none but in winter when cold reigns by reason of the suns absence Of fiery Meteors Fiery meteors are those which arise from fat fumes kindled in the air the principal kinds of which are seven a falling star a flying dragon lightning flying sparks ignis fatuus a torch and ignis lambens XXXIII A falling star is a fat and viscous fume kindled by an antiperistasis that is an obsistency of the cold round about at the upper end of it the flame whereof following its fuell is carried downward till it fail also and be extinguished For they are to be seen every clear night in winter more then in summer and you may see the like spectacle if you kindle the fat fume of a candle put out with another candle put to it above This falling star is made of a grosse vapour and by reason of its grossenesse hanging together like a cord Therefore it burns so violently that falling upon a man it burns through his garment Look which way it tends with its motion it foretels wind from that part XXXIV A flying dragon is a long thick fat fume elevated in all its parts for which cause being kindled it doth not dart it selfe downward bnt side-wayes like a dragon or sparkling beam This meteors is not so often seen and therefore they that are ignorant of the naturall causes think that the Divell flies XXXV Lightning is fire kindled within a cloud which flying from the contrary cold breaks out with an horrible noise and for the most part casts the flame as far as the earth The World is the Alembick of nature the air the cap of this Alembick the sun is the fire the earth the water minerals plants c. are the things which being softned with this fire exhale vapours upward perpetually So there ascend salt sulphury nitrous c. vapours which being wrapped up in clouds put forth various effects for example When sulphury exhalations are mixt with nitrous the first of a most hot nature the second most cold they endure one another so long as till the sulphur takes fire But as soon as that is done presently their followes the same effect as in gun-powder whose composition is the same of Sulphur and Nitre a fight a rapture a noise a violent casting forth of the matter For thence it is that a viscous flaming matter is cast forth which presently inflames whatsoever it touches that is apt to flame and smiting into the earth it turnes to a stone and being taken out after a time is called a thunder-bolt XXXVI Flying sparks are a sulphury fume scattered into many small parts and kindled It is seldome seen as likewise those that follow XXXVII Ignis fatuus is a fat and viscous fume which by reason of its grossenesse doth not elevate it selfe far from the earth and being kindled straggles here and there leading travellers sometimes out of their way and into danger XXXVIII A torch is a fume like it but thin and therefore elevated upwards which being kindled burnes a while like a candle or lamp XXXIX Ignis lambens is a fat exhalation coming from a living body heated with motion and kindled at its head or near about It sometimes befalls men and horses vehemently breathing after running that the ardent vapours sent forth are turned into flames Of appearing Meteors Appearing Meteors are the images of things in clouds variously expressed by the incident light of which sort there are observed seven Chasma Halo Parelius Paraselene Rods Colours the Rainbow XL Chasma a pit is the hollowness of a cloud making shew of a great hole It it by reason of a shadow in the midst of a cloud the extremities whereof are enlightned You may see the like almost in the night by a candle on a wall which hath any hollownesse in it though it be whitish XLI Halo a floor is a luminous circle when the vapours underneath the sun or moon are illustrated with the rayes of the luminary You may see the same by night in a bath or any other vaporous place about a burning candle It is oftest seen under the moon because the sun with his stronger rayes either penetrates or dissipates the cloud XLII Parelius a false sun is the representation of the