agitation that they make the earâ—h to tremble and quake thereat thereby deboâ—lishing Cities and ruinating buildinges and transporting them from one place to another As the Townes of Megara Egina anciently much celebrated in the Countrey of Greece perishing by Earth-quakes can witnes vnto vs. I omit to discouer as but little seruing to our purpose how the wind inclosed in the Entrailes of the Earth maketh a noise of dâ—uers sounds very strange according to the diuers forms of the conduits and passages through the which it yssueth by euen afâ—er the manner of Musicall Instruments the which being large do giue a great and base sound and being narrow do make high and sharpe notes and being crooked or replied makâ— diuers sounds as wee see by experience in the Huntsmans horne and in Trumpets the which also being moystened with water do make a hollow gurguling sound In like manner these noises murmurings and clamors are sundry wayes diuersified according to the places whence they proceede in such sort that sometimes hath bene hard a clamorous crie representing as it seemed the assault of a Citty the cries and lowings of Buls or the neighing of Horses roaring of Lyons sound of Trumpets reports of Artillery many other dreadful things yea sometimes humane voices As it is reported by one who had heard a voice as it were of a woman a beating which made as he imagined such a wofull and greeuous lamentation whereby he became so greatly affrighted that hee had scarsely breath sufficient to make this report But when he had well vnderstoode the cause of this plaintiue voice he was presently deliuered from that fearâ— which otherwise might haue killed him But some perhappes will say that these things haue alwayes bene and no lesse ordinarie in the times past then they are at this present and therfore it is a great folly in mee to alledge them for efficient causes of the death of so many men The which imputation I should freely confesse if I should present them for such but seeing that by them I would oâ—ely paralel and compare the impetuosity of Artillery with that of Thunder and the motions of the earth which beeing so it will appear that it maketh nothing against my first intention as I hope to demonstrate cleerely that I am slandered without a cause if you please to giue care to the deduction following In the which I will plainly and briefely describe the true causes of the late mortality which happened among your Highnesse Soldiers Amongest the things necessary for our liues there is nothing that can more alter our bodyes then the Aire the which continually willing or vnwilling we inspire by those Condâ—ites which Nature hath apointed for that end as the mouth the nose and generally through all the pores of the skin and Arteries therein infixed whether we eaâ—e drinke watch or sleepe or doe any other action whether Naturall Vitall or Animal From thence it commeth that the aire inspirâ—d into the Lungs the Hart and the Braine and vniuersally in all the parts of the body to refresh and in some measure to nourish the same is the cause that a man cannot liue one minute without inspiration according to the which wonderfull benefite the excellent Physitian Hippocrates hath pronounced and that truly that the Aire hath a kinde of Diuinity in it because that in breathing and blowing ouer all parts of the world vniuersally it doth circumuolue all things therein contained nourishing them myraculously strengthning them firmly and maintaining them in an amiable Vnion altogether symbolizing with the stars Planets into the which the diuine prouidence is infused which changeth the aire at his pleasure giueth it power not onely ouer the mutation of times seasons but also of the alteration of naturall bodies And therefore the Philosophers and Physitians haue expresly commanded that wee should haue a principall regarde vnto the situation and motions of the heauenly bodies and constitutions of the aire when the preseruation of health or the curation of diseases are in question but especially the course and mutation of the Aire is of great power as we may easily iudge by the 4. seasons of the yeare For the Aire being hot and dry in Sommer our bodies in like manner doeth thereby become heated and dried and in winter the humidity and coldnesse of the aire doeth likewise fil our bodies with the samequailities in such order neuerthelesse and in so good a disposition of nature that although our temperatures seeme to be changed according to the foure seasons of the yeere wee neuerthelesse receyue no harme thereby if those times do keepe their seasons and qualities fâ—ee from excesse But to the contrarie if the seasons be so peruerted that the Sommer is cold and the Winter hot and the other seaâ—ons in the like distemperature this discord bringeth with it a great perturbation both in our bodyes and in our spirits constrained neuerthelesse to receiue the danger by reason that the causes are extreame and do on euery side encoâ—passe vs so that we are constrained to lodge it in vs by â—hose Organes and Conâ—uits appointed by nature to that end as parâ—ly to expell the superfluous excrements of our nourishment and partly to receiue the saide externall causes which is the ayre or wiâ—â—e producing in vs diuers effects according to those parts of the world from whence they do proceed For it being so that the Southerly winds are â—ot and moyst that of the North cold drie the Easterly winds for the most part are clere and pure and the Westerly cloudy and subiect vnto raiâ—e yet it is a most assured thing that the Ayre which we do inspire continually holdeth in all and through all the quality that is most predominant And therefore we should of necessity consider in all diseases and the inconueniences which happen therein the quality of the windes and the power which they haue ouer our bodies as Hippocrates hath learnedly left vs by writing in the 3. Booke of his Aphorismes Chap. 5. and 17. saying That our bodies do receiue a great alteration through the vissitude of the times and seasons of the yeere As by the South-wind our bodies are subiect to all diseases because that moisture is their primitiue cause it also weakeneth our naturall heate the which in the opposite case is much fortified through a cold and dry wind which also maketh our spirits more quicke and subtill The verity of which sentence the inhabitantes of the territory of Narbonne doe too much experiment to their dammage For being themselues between the lustiest and healthfullest people of all France yet neuerthelesse they themselues are very sickely for the most part their bodies leane their countenances sad and heauy their faces tawny or of an Oliue colour do manifestly shew the same Also among other diseases they are almost all subiect to the white Leprosie and â—he least Vlcers which they haue which wee make no
stinking Sanies whereby the part salleth into a Gangrena vnlesse it be preuented by Egyptiacum and other sharpe medicines And for this cause they haue bene very much approued by the saide Botal and Ioubert and of all good Chirurgeans yet neuertheles our Physitian maintaineth that they are venomous because saith he that being applyed in woundes by Gunne shot they haue beene the cause of the death of many persons which is a thing so absurd and against reason that I will leaue the resolution thereof to the Towne-Barbers who I am sure are of skill sufficient to confute the grossenes of that imputation or if their want of iudgement be such that they cannot yet the consideration of euerie one of the ingredients of the sayde Aegyptiacum would suffice to shew that it is so free from anie venomous quality that it doth resist is directly contrary to all sorts of poisons and putrifactions which may happen in the fleshy partes by reason of any wound or vlcer He saith moreouer that the disposition of the aire caÌ„not be the cause to infect or restore wounds more daungerous at one time then at another Herein also he is of this opinion alone But if hee had well read and vnderstood Hippocrates he had not so lightly contemned the constitution of the seasons and the infection proceeding from the aire not simple and Elementary for being simple it neuer acquireth any putrifaction but by addition and commixtionwith other corrupted vapors as I haue written in my treatise of the Pestilence For inasmuch as the aire that doth incompasse inclose vs is perpetually necessary vnto our liues it followeth therefore that according to the indisposition thereof our bodies also altered in manie and sundry manners because we do draw it continually by meanes of the Lungs and other partes seruing vnto respiration and also by the pores euery little inuisible hole throughout the bodye and by the Arteries dispersed in the skinne And this is done both for the generation of the spirite of life and also to refresh and foment our naturall heate For this cause if it be immoderately hotte cold moist or dry or otherwise distempered it altereth and changeth the temperature of our bodies vnto its owne quality This is cleerely seene for when it is infected by the putrified and Cadaueruous vapors produced from a great multitude of dead bodies that haue not bene buried soone enough as of men of hoâ—ses and other beasts As it happeneth after any battell or when many men haue perished by shipwracke and haue bene cast ashore through the violence of the waues As for example the memory is yet fâ—esh of the corruption of the aire which proceeded from deade bodies at the castle of Pene situate vpon the riuer of Lot in which place in the yeare 1562. in the moneth of September whiles the first troubles hapned about Religion there was a great number of dead bodies fell into a pit of an hundred fathome deepe or thereabouts from whence two moneths after there was eleuated such a stinking and venomous vapor which dispersed it selfe ouer all the countries of Agenois and the neighbouring places within the compasse of thirty miles round that thereby many were infected with the pestilence whereof we need not wonder for the wind blowing and driuing the exhalations and corrupted vapors from one countrey to another doeth infect them with the saide pestilence In like manner the euill constitution of the aire whether the cause be manifest or hidden may make wounds to become putrified alter the spirits and the humors and cause death This therefore ought not to be attributed vnto the woundes because that they which are hurt and those that are not are both equally infected and fall into the same inconueniences Mounsiâ—â—r d' Alechamps in his French Chirurgery speaâ—â—ng oâ— these thinges which hinder the câ—â—â—tâ—on of Vlcers hath not omitted that when either the pesâ—â—lence or any Epidemicall Disease reigneth in any Prouiâ—ce through the corruption of the Aire it maâ—â—th Vlcers become incureable or of most â—â—fficult curation The good old man Guido in his Treatise of Vlcers hath also writ â—hat the wounds of the heade were more hâ—râ—er to cure at Paris then at AuignoÌ„ and that the Vlcers of the legges were more difficult at Auignon then at Paris forsomuch as at Paris the aire is cold and moist which is a contrarie thing especially to wounds in the head Likewise in Auignon the heare of the aire doe liquefie and subtilize the humors and therefore more easilie and in greater abundance do the humors fall into the Legges whereby the curation of the Vlcers in those partes is more difficult at Auignon then at Paris But if any one alledging experience shall say the contrary that the wounds in the head are for the most part mortall in hot countreyes To him I answere that that proceedeth not from the aire as it is more hot and dry but rather because of some superfluous humidity and euil vapor communicated with the aire as in the places about Prouence and of Italy neere vnto the Mediterrenean sea Now there is not a Chirurgean of so little vnderstanding that knoweth not but if the aire be hot and moyst the wounds doe easily degenerate into a Gangrena and putrifaction As for experience I wil giue him a familiar example Wee see that in hot and moyst weather and when the Southerly winds blow that flesh doth putrifie in lesse then two houres though it were neuer so lately killed in such fort that Butchers in those times do kill no meate but euen as they sell it Also there is no doubt to be made but that humane bodies doe fall into affections against Nature when the qualities of the seasons are peruerted through the euil disposition of the aire as hath bene seene that in some yeres wounded persons haue bin most hard to cure and oftentimes dyed of very smal wounds what diligence soeuer the Physitians and Chirurgians could vse The which I noted well at the siedge which was planted before Roan for the corruption of the aire did alter and corrupt the blood and humors in such sort by the meanes of inspiration and transpiration that the wounds became so putrid and faetide that they sent forth a Cadauerueous smell and if it hapned that one day had bene omitted wherein they had not beene drest you shall finde the next day a great companie of wormes in them with a meruellous stench from whence were eleuated many putrified vapours which by their communication with the hart caused a continual Fâ—uer with the Liuer hinderance of the generation of good bloode and with the Braine they produce alienation of the spirits fainting convulsion vomitings and by consequence death and when their bodies were opened you should finde Apostumes in many partes of theyr bodies full of a greene stinking Sanies in such sort that those that were within the Town seeing these things that their wounded persons coulde not be cured saide that those
that is to say to restore the part in its naturall temperature and that the blood offend not neyther in quantity nor quality That being done as saith Galen nothing will hinder neyther the regeneration of the flesh nor the vnion of the vlcer Buâ— sometimes it is not possible to put the aforesayde Indications in execution either because of the greatnesse of the wound or the excesse and disobedience of the Patient or because of some other indisposition which hath happened through the ignorance of the Chirurgian or from the ill or disordered application of the Medicines And therefore by meanes of these things there followeth great paines Feauers Apostumes Gangrenaes vulgarly and abusiuely called Estiomenes Mortifications and oftentimes death it selfe Moreouer those that receyue wounds by Gunshot do eyther dye or else remaine maymed and defectiue all their life after CHAP. X. How the Chirurgian shall proceede in the handling of the saide wounds IN the beginning therefore great regard ought to bee taken to mittigate the payne as much as may be by repercussing the defluxion by ordayning a dyet according to the six vnnatural things and they annexed by anoyding all hot and sharp things and by diminishing or altogether prohibiting wine lest it should heat subtillize make the humors flow to the part His maner of liuing ought in the beginning to be very slender thereby to make revulsion For when the stomacke is not filled sufficiently it attracteth from all partes vnto it by meanes whereof the externe parts hauing affinity therewith do remaine empty And this is the reason wherefore the patient ought to keepe a slender dyet in the first dayes of his hurt Venus is altogether contrary vnto them inasmuch as it enflameth the humors and spirits more then any other motion and for this cause it maketh the wound to bee much enflamed and subiect to defluxion And it wil not be amisse in the beginning if there be a sluxe of bloode to let it moderately flow thereby to discharge the body and the part and where it hath not sufficiently flowed you ought the day following to vse revulsiue Phlebotomy and to take away according to the fulnesse and vertue of the patient You neede not feare of making of auersion of the blood toward the Noble partâ— For as we haue saide there is no venomous quality thâ—rein neuerthelesse it is generally â—bserued that such wounds at that iâ—stant doe send forth bâ—t little bloode because of the great conâ—usion made by the Bulâ—et and tâ—e vehemence of the agitated aire which doth repulse and driue back the spirits into the inwâ—rd parts and into the circumiacent parts of the wound as we haue sayd before This is ordinarily knowne in those who haue had a member carried away with a great shot for at the instant of their hurts there issueâ—h but little blood forth of their wounds although that there be many great Veines and Arteries broken dilacerated But a certaine time afterwards as in the fourth fift or sixt day and sometimes later the blood will yssue foorth in great abundance by meanes of the returning of the spirits and natural heate into the affected paâ—ts As for the purgatiue Medicines I leaue them to the Doctors Neuerthelesse in their absencâ— it is necessarie to relaxe and moue the belly of the patient at the least once a day either by aâ—t or by Nature which shal be done râ—ther by Custers then Purgations especially in the fiâ—st dayes because that the agitation of the humors in that case is to be suspected least they shold maâ—e a greater defluxion to the wounded part Nâ—uerthelesse Galen in the fourth booke of his Method Cap 6. speaking of the Indications of bleeding and purging where he saith That bleeding and purging are necessary according to the greatnesse of the disease althogh that the patiâ—nt be without repletion or cacochymy or euill constitution Paine ought to be appeased according to the intention and remission thereof which to do if it happen that there is an inflammatiâ—n you may apply thereto as a locall medicine Vnguentum nutritum composed with the iâ—yce of Plantane Housleeke and Night-shade and such like Also the Emplaister Diachalciteos describâ—d by Galen in his first Booke of the Composition of Medicines according to their kinds chap. 6. dissolued vvith the oyle of Poppy of roses and a little Vinegar and it is of no little efficacy for that purpose Also vng de bolo and many others of that facultie if they be not properly anodins for all Anodins are hot in the first degree or at the least agreeing in heate with our bodies as saieth Galen in his first Booke and 19. chap. of Simples â—nd the aforesaid medicines are cold yet not so much as that thereby they should become Naucotick the which are cold in the fourth degree But to bee short the aboue-mentioned in the aforesaid case do appease the paine very commâ—diously because they are contrary vnto hot distâ—mperatures and doe prohibit the defluxions of humors which oftentimes are sharpe and chollericke which are more apte to flow then the cold and do cause a greater pain After the vsage of repercussiues I do meruellously approue this Cataplasme â„ž Micae panis infusae in lacte vaccino lb j. ss bulliant parum addendo olei violacei rosâ— an â„¥ iij vitellos ouorum numer quatuor pul rosar rubr florum chamemel melior an â„¥ ij far fabar hord ana â„¥ j. misce fiat cataplasma secundum artem Or for a Medicine sooner prepared thou must take of the crummes of bread and so let it be a little boyled with Oxycrat and the Oyle of Roses As concerning the curation of such Apostumes which happen in these Wounâ—es it is expedient that their Medicines should bee diuersied according to their times For some medicines are proper in the beginning others in the augmentation and others in other times as hath beene sufficiently declared by Galen in his thirde Booke and ninth chapter of the faculty of Medicines And by Guido in the curation of Apostumes and by those that haue written thereof And where Nature shall incline to suppuration it is most needful to attend her as sayth Hippocrates for the Physitian and Chirurgean are but the ministers and helpers of Nature to ayde her in those thinges whereunto commodiously she enclineth CHAP. XI Of such Buâ—lets which haue remained in certain parts a long time after the Curation of the wounds SOmetimes the Bullets of Lead haue remayned a long time within the members as for the space of seuen or eight yeeres and more there following neuerthelesse not any euill accident nor hinderance of the consolidation of the wound they haue continued there so long till they haue bene thrust forth by the expulsiue vertue discending downe by meanes of their grauity and heauinesse into the inferiour parts in the which they will manifest themselues and then ought to bee drawne forth by the operation of
of Artillery Chap. 12 Of the meanes which should be obserued â—n rectifying of the aire and corrobating the noble parts and to fortifie the whole body Chap. 13 Memorable Histories Chap. 14 An Apologie touching the woundes made by Gun-shot Chap. 15 Another Discourse vppon that question of the venenosity of wounds made by Gun-shot Chap. 16. The differences betweene wounds made by arrowes and those made by Gunshot Chap. 17. The difference betweene Arrowes and Darts 18 Of the difference of the wounded parts Chap. 19 Of the extraction of Arrowes Chap. 20 How you ought to proceede in drawing foorth broken Arrowes Chap. 21 What ought to be done then when the Arrow is infixed in the bone Chap. 22 Of venomous or empoysoned wounds Chap. 23 Intention of the Author The Venetians had the first vse of Artillery Diuers opinions touching the time when Artillery began The Author of Artillery and his name What things hath sâ—nce bin added to the Artillery Diners names of the Artillery whence they are taken From wâ—â—â—ce the word Arquebuz is tâ—ken Diuers Arâ—ifâ—cers of Fiâ— A comparison of the Engines vsed by our Ancients with those of ouâ—s The Thunâ—er is not so cruell as the Artillery How man may be preseâ—â—ed from Thunder Plin. lib. â— cap. 5â— Pliny lib. 2â— cap. 55. What things are preserued from the force of Thunder Sueto in Tib. Artillery driueth away Thunder The times which aâ—e without Thunder Lib. 2. cap. 50. Designe and end of Artillery The reason that moued the Authour to write of Gunshot The sum contained in the 1. discourse The sum contained in the 2 discourse Pas of Suze The Castle de Villane besieâ—ed taken The Author entereth into the matter A remedie found by accident Gunpouder not venomous Woundes made by guâ—shot are without combustion Historie Yea Sir by the Faith of God Histoâ—ie How the patient oughâ— to be sâ—tuate in the extraction of Bullets The cause that maketh woundes by Gunne shot hard to bee cured History Occasion of this discourse â—â—sinuation into the good acceptâ—nce of those who are of the contrary opiâ—ion The Author proposeth two points whiâ—h hâ—e wold refute viz. the poyson of the powder and the Fire of the Bullet The preseâ—t disputation is taken froÌ„ Philosophers Physitians and Chirurgians The composition of the powder Salt-peter is salt of stones Refutation of those that affirme the Bullet to be impoisoned Refutation of those that affirme that the Bullet causeth coÌ„bustion An example of a ball of wax Whence it pâ—oâ—eâ—deth that wouâ—dâ— mâ—de by Gunshot are â—â—dinarily blacke Reasons of those of contraâ—y opinioÌ„ Seneca 3. kindes of Thunders Answere to the contrary Reasons A meruailous effeâ—t of Thunder Example The effect â—f Artillerie like to the Thunder Diuers sounds yssuing out of the veins of the earth The true explicauoâ— of the questioÌ„ Hyp in the Prefaâ—e of â—is Prognest Hyp. in the beginning of his booke de Aere locis et aquis The alienatiâ—n of 〈◊〉 cause of diseases Lib. 3. Apâ—or 15. A similitude Intollerable stinke proceediâ—g froÌ„ the wounded parts of men Venomous Wounds Differencâ—s taken from the matter of Bullets Fâ—omwheÌ„ce proceedeth the malignity of woundes made by Gunshot 〈…〉 The sâ—tuation of the Patient to extâ—act vnnaâ—urall things Of what bignes the Probes ought to be â—he prinâ—ipall intention of the Chiâ—uâ—gian Why no eschaâ—aticke Medicine ought to be vsed Dâ—scription of ouâ—â—gvp â—â—aâ—um proper fâ—â— the aâ—oâ—esaide wounds The vertue of Campher Combustion ioyned to woundes made by Gunshot Time to obserue to drâ—sse the patient Puâ— is not so made by Gunshot as in all other wounds Aduertisement to the young Chirurgian A Cathâ—â—icke powder Compresses or Boulsteâ—s Indication taken fâ—om the temperature of the bodye The Indicatioâ— taken from the vertue of the patient Sentence of Guido Indication taken from the wounded part Aphâ—ris 18. Booâ—â— 1â— The Vrgent the cause the necessity The vsâ— of Indâ—â—atâ—â—n Phlâ—botomy necessary iâ— wouÌ„ds made by Gunâ—eihoâ— Caâ—ses why thâ—â—â— hâ—pnâ—th 〈◊〉 alwayâ— anâ—le moâ—thâ—gâ— Hot humors are apâ—er to slowe then cold Aphoâ— 31. Bâ—oke 2. An aduertisâ—ment Causes of petillous accidents in woundes madâ— by Gunshot Hyp. lib. de vnla Cap. Historie Aqua-vitae with a little Treaâ—le recall 〈◊〉 presenthe the spirites and comforteth the vital faculty Historie Another history Meruellous accidents God Nature effect meruailous things Galen in the 6 of the Method The Emplaster of Vigo is resolutiue The benefit of vniuersal Frications A iust occasioâ— of the Author for his Apology Basilicon liquefied into an oyle is proper in al woundsthat â—equire suppuration Hyp. in his â—â—â—ke of vlâ—eâ—s Doubles an Empirick Answerâ— tâ— th◠〈◊〉 of Igyptiaâ—um 1 Similitude 2 similitude 3 similitude 4 â—imiâ—itude 5 similitude Horâ—ible effects of gun-powder A new kind of suppuratiue A pleasant answer and to the purpose Euill pâ—actisers do open both the heaueâ—â— and the eaâ—th 1 Reason Answer 2 Reason Answer 3 Reason Answer 4 Reason Answer 5 Râ—ason Answer A great Anotation Neâ—essarie iudgâ—ment to auoyde scandall