can and now and then between whiles learn to scratch his Head with a pair of wiser Nails Lastly Such as have any wit in their Heads may hereby come to all the judgment of Urine that I as yet know of or where it grows But after a long degression I return to my Author whom I left at Chap. 60. Signs of a dry Stomach THe Indications of the Stomach when it is dryer than Naturally it ought to be are If the parâ—â— be very thirsty and is sufficed by a little Drink but burdened if he drink much he spits much and he delights in dry Meats Imagine meats roasted till they are burned burned crusts of Bread and the like Culpeper Things Medicinal for a dry Stomach are Syrup of Violets Violet Leaves and Strawberry Leaves Barberries Lettice Purslane Roses Apples Cherries Strawberries Water-Lillies Orrenges Lemmons Cucumers Prunes Tamarinds with many other things which you may find in my English Physitian Chap. 61. Of a moist Stomach IF the Stomach be moister than it ought to be the man is seldom a thirst yet will the Stomach endure much moisture and takes delight only in moist meats Culpeper Simples Medicinal are Galanga Cinnamon Pomegranate Pills Mastich Wormwood Mints Mother of time Sage Rosemary Flowers Cloves Nutmegs Annis seeds Cardamoms Pepper If the Stomach be too moist be sure that party hath little Appetite to his Victuals in such a case take Cinnamon Galanga Cloves Pomegranate Pills of each a like quantity beat them to Pouder and let the sick take half a dram every morning in any convenient Liquor Chap. 62. Signs of a hot Stomach IF the Stomach be hot it digests faster than the Appetite calls for food nay it usually makes a better shift with Meats hard of digestion than it doth with those that are easie because it is subject to corrupt meats lights of Digestion it rejoyceth in hot Meats and Drinks neither is it hurt by such as are cold if they be moderately taken Culpeper It is to be supposed that Galen speaks here of the Stomach Naturally hot not distempered by heat for then driness must of necessity be joyned with it and indeed the Stomach is the Cook-room of the Body and it cannot well have too great a fire in it unless you â—ire the House or the Chimney I mean cause an Inflamation in the Stomach or the Throat I shall only give this Caution Let such accustom their Bodies to meats hard of digestion as Beef Pork Cheese Herrings Salt-fish c. Chap. 63. Signs of a cold Stomach THe Stomach that is cold by Nature hath a very quick Appetite I suppose because that which causeth the Appetite comes from the Spleen but alas-a-day when it hath satisfied Appetite the digestive faculty is not at home or else 't is so feeble 't is not able to do it's Office and yet their misery is such they usually desire meats not easie to be digested and therefore they are alwaies troubled with sowr belchings they cannot endure cold things should outwardly be applied to their Stomachs neither indeed can such as have hot Stomachs endure hot things should be applied to that Region but those distempers which seize the Stomach by reason of some Disease differ from those that are Natural for the Stomach diseased desires its contrary inwardly viz. if it be hot it desires cold things but when the heat is Natural it desires its like Culpeper A Stomach naturally cold for I told you before that was Galens meaning and I assure you I translated him at first sight I say if the Stomach be naturally cold your best way is to warm it a little you may do it by taking a dram of London Treacle every morning or a little Mithridate or Diagalanga Aromaticum Cariophylatum c. or by eating a little green Ginger As for Simples you may take the Roots of Fennel Calamus Aromaticus Avens Galanga Ginger the Leaves of Wormwood Fennel Mints Sage mother of time Squinanth Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Annis Seeds Cardamoms Pepper c. the Leaves of Bawm and Carduus Chap. 64. Of ill Temperatures commixed in the Stomach IF you fear a Commixture of Distemperatures in your Stomach compare them with the Simple tempers and you may easily find out what they be neither would I have you mind the Stomach alone but also other parts of the Body for 't is not the Stomach alone which makes men thirsty but somtimes the Heart or Lungues which by drawing in air that is too hot and retaining it long cause heat in the Breast and such desire drink no less than such whose Stomach is too hot but you may distinguish it thus If the Breast be too hot the thirst is not â—laid by drinking and less quenched by drinking cold drink than by drinking hot also the Breathing in of cold air easeth such whose Breast is hot but doth no good at all to such whose Stomach is hot by these notes then you may distingnish them Chap. 65. Signs of cold Lungs THis is the greatest Indication of the coldness of the Lungs when you feel a manifest pain offence and coldnss at your Breast by drawing in cold air also a warm air is frindly to them and causeth them to cough up their Excrements with more ease Culpeper Things which heat the Lungs are Alicampane Liquoris Juyce of Liquoris Lohoch of Fox Lungs Bettony Hysop Bawm Scabious maiden Hair the Flowers and Conserves of these together with Compositions made of them also Juniper Berries sweet Almonds Hazel Nuts Figs Dates Raisons of the Sun Nettle Seeds c. Chap. 66. Signs of dry Lungs WHen the Lungs are dry they want Excrements to wit Flegm Spittle and as moisture of the Lungs causeth an obscure Voice so driness of the same causeth a cleer voice and when they strain to speak vehemently or acutely then Excrements come from the Nose or Mouth from which soever they come they come from the Lungs Culpeper If you find your Lungs be too dry you may moisten them with Medicines but be sure they be such Medicines as strengthen them also be not too busie fiddle-faddling with your own Bodies 't is an easier matter for you to make your selves sick than well yet I say if you manifestly find your Lungs too dry and find your selves withal prejudiced in health by it thus you may moisten them viz. by taking Lohoch Saâ—um now and then with a Liquoris stick as also Syrup of Violets Poppies and Coltsfoot Simples Medicinal are the Seeds of white Poppies Jujubes Sebestens Strawberry Leaves Violet Leaves and Flowers c. Chap. 67. Of the Voyce YEt would I have you understand that greatness of the Voice comes not altogether from heat neither doth smalness of it in like manner from cold but greatness of the Voyce comes somtimes from the largeness of the Windpipe and smalness of Voice from its straitness therefore if you would judg by the voice you ought withal to regard the natural temper Chap. 68. Of a cleer and
Men must use 1. Such meats as are hot moist and easie to digest 2. Such drinks as make the Humors thin and purge the blood by Urine My third Principle consists in Excrements of the Body These consist in Fulness and Emptiness which I shall devide and speak of both apart and therefore 1. Of Fulness in which consider 1. Its Substance 2. Its Kinds 3. Its Differences 4. Its Place 5. Its Cause 6. Its Signs 7. Its Cure 8. Its Accidents First Fulness in Substance is 1. Of Nourishment either profitable or unprofitable 2. Of Spirits either gross or thick or subtil and thin 3. Of Humors either good or bad 4. Of Excrements which are diverse Secondly The kinds of Fulness are either in Quantity or Quality 1. In Quantity in respect of Nourishment or Humors In respect of Humors 1 When all the Humors abound which the Greeks call Plethora the Latins Plenitudo and we properly may call Fulness and this happens either in the Veins or Arteries 2 When only one Humor abounds Puta Choller Flegm Melancholly 2. In respect of Quality when the Humors are hotter colder thicker thinner salter sowrer c. than is fit and this is called Carochymial Thirdly Its Differences are 1. Universal possessing the whol Body 2. Particular possessing only some part thereof Fourthly The place is different according to the matter offending be it Nourishment Spirits Humors or Excrements Fifthly The Cause is either General or Particular 1. General is 1 Meats corrupted in digestion for want of heat when the Stomach is not hot enough to digest the meat 2. Humors being either Plenitude or Cacochymia which what they are you had before 2. The Particular Cause is either of Spirits or Excrements Sixthly The Signs are different answering to the diversity of the Causes Seventhly Cure must be 1. According to the matter offending and place offended 2. The Evacuation of Plenitude is by Bleeding of Cacochymia by Purging Eighthly The Accidents are diverse according to the cause offending and place offended Having now spoken of Fulness what remains but that in sober sadness we speak a word or two of Emptiness in which consider 1. Its Definition 2. Its Kinds 3. Its Differences 4. Its Causes 5. Its Signs 6. Its Cure First The Definition of Emptiness consists 1. In want of Nourishment Spirit or Radical moisture 2. In the deminishing of these either in the General or Particular Secondly Its Kinds are 1. General when the whol Body grows thin weak slender or empty 2. Particular when any part of the Body was served the same Sawce Thirdly Its Differences are 1. Universal in the whol Body 2. Particularly in some part Fourthly Its Causes are 1. By Art as Purging Bleeding Sweating c. 2. By Accident as 1. By Obstruction of the Passages either of Vital heat or the Nutritive Faculty or avoiding of Excrements 2. By a Flux which either washeth away the Natural substance or hinders either Nourishment or Spirits from a particular place in the Body Fifthly The Signs of this is an Atrophia which is nothing else but a wasting or consuming of the whol Body or some particular part Sixthly The Cure is done 1. By removing the Cause 2. By restoring the lost substance My Fourth Principle consists in sleeping and watching which because they are inconsistent together we will treat of them apart in some particulars yet because Nature hath joyned them together so will I do also in others In sleep consider 1. What it is 2. Its Cause 3. Its Time 4. Its Quantity First Sleep is Rest and Quietness of the Body of the Mind and of the Spirits Secondly The Cause of sleep is 1. A sweet Vapor sent unto the Brain 2. The coldness of the Brain turns those Vapos into Humorâ— 1. Stopping the Conduits of the Nerves thereby prohibiting motion 2. Stopping the Sensoria or waies of the Sences thereby prohibiting understanding 3. Prohibiting the Spirits and thereby withstanding instigation to action Thirdly As for the time of sleeping the day-time is disliked and the night accounted only fitting Fourthly The Quantity of sleep is six seven or eight Hours according to the Complexion of the party of which you have plentiful information before The Difference of sleeping and watching are only Moderate and Immoderate I shall joyn them together in the first and see if I have writ enough to separate them in the second Both sleeping and watching moderately used for if you use the one immoderately you must needs do both so 1. Comforts Nature much 2. Refresheth the Memory 3. Cheers the Spirits 4. Quickens the Sences 5. Revives the Animal Vertue 6. Strengthens the Body 7. Helps Digestion 8. Expels Excrements The Vices of them both are far different and although I can close with those that have written Ethicks in this That all Vertues are a Medium between two Vices yet in other of their Tenets I cannot because some of them lead men to Atheism The Immoderate use then of sleeping and watching I shall speak of apart Immoderate watching 1. Makes giddy Brains 2. Fills the Body full of Rhewm 3. Dries the Brain 4. Breeds Aposthumes 5. Troubles the Spirits 6. Causeth Crudities 7. Makes Fools Immoderate sleep 1. Dulls the Sences 2. Causeth superfluous Excrements 3. Makes dull wits especially in old folks and Children 4. Retains the Excrements 5. Overmoistens the Brain 6. Fills the Brain full of Crudities I am now come to my Fifth part which consists in Exercise and Rest and this I shall wholly take apart In Exercise consider 1. What it is 2. Its Difference 3. Its Effects First Exercise is either Of the Body as cleaving of Logs c. Or of the Mind as Study c. Or of both as the Art of Defence c. Secondly The Differences of Exercise are 1. Moderate which is neither too much nor too little 2. Immoderate which is either Vehement or Excessive Thirdly The Effects of Exercise I shall take apart and I do not know but I may lawfully do so seeing neither God nor Nature have joyned them together Moderate Exercise 1. Stirs up Natural Heat 2. Equally distributes the Spirits 3. Opens the Pores 4. Wasts the Excrements of the third digestion 5. Strengthens the Body Sences and Spirits 6. Comforts all the Members 7. Profits Nature much Immoderate Exercise 1. Hurts the Body and all the Parts of it 2. Wasts dries consumes and wearies the Body and Spirits 3. Overthrows Natures Actions Thus having done with Exercise 't is best to write a word of Idleness or Rest. Rest is either Moderate or Immoderate Moderate Rest 1. Comforteth and refresheth Nature 2. Maintains Health in a good Decorum 3. Recruits a tyred Brain 4. Strengthens the Body in General the Sences and Members in Particular Excess in Rest or extream Idleness which you please 1. Dulls the Mind the Sences and Principal Instruments of the Body 2. It causeth Crudities evil Humors evil Excrements cold Sicknesses infinite Infirmities 3. Hastens old Age 4. Causeth Deformity
Apprehension a sound Judgment a stable and firm Memory shews a good Brain dulness of Apprehension apish Judgment and Forgetfulness shew a bad Brain fickleness in Opinion shews a hot Brain stability in Opinion shews a cold Brain And yet here are two sorts of Indications which I think I have passed by though I promised them in the beginning the one of which concerns Natural Operations the other things without we shall speak of them hereafter Culpeper This Chapter although very short yet in my Opinion very pithy I shall but ad a little to honest Galen in it he tells you That a good Judgment a nimble Apprehension and a retentive Memory argue a good Brain they do so yet in few men shall you find all three of them excellent then consider the Apprehension lies in the fore part of the Brain and that 's the reason rubbing the Forehead quickens the Apprehension Judgment lies in the middle and Memory in the hinder part of the Brain then do but consider which of these three is weakest which strongest in you and you may know which part of your Brain is weakest and which strongest Chap. 13. Signs of a good temper of the Brain IF the Brain have obtained a good temper of the four first Qualities Viz. Heat Cold Driness and moisture the Operations thereof are alwaies moderate and seldom exceed the golden mean the excrements which it avoids by the mouth Nose Ears or Eyes are moderate It is not very subject to be hurt by external Heat Coldness Driness or Moisture for if the temper within be good it keeps external distempers from harbouring there The Hair is of a dusky red when Infants of a dusky yellow when Youths and yellow when Men they curl somthing but not much neither are they easily bald and yet the colour of the Hair doth indeed belong not only to the temper of the Brain but also to the Region Men live in and also to the temperature of the Humors without the Skull Culpeper I like a man that is not ashamed to call in his Errors as Galen here doth and not daub over the old ones with a Plaister of new ones as our Colledg did in mending their Dispensatory indeed Galen is in the truth diverse Regions give diverse colours of Hair usually as most Welch men have light or yellow Hair most Spaniards black also the temperature of Brain alters not the Hair at all unless by accident as it heats or cools the adjacent parts but the Humors without the Skull and that 's the reason in great Surfets usually the Hair comes off and every one that knows any thing knows that the Liver is the Principal part afflicted in a Surfet Chap. 14. Signs of a hot Brain SIgns of a hot Brain besides those we named before are the Forehead looks reddish and feels hot the Veins on the white of the Eyes appear plain and red the hair is hard and curling they are soon bald and the hotter the Brain is the sooner are they bald the excrements which come from the Brain by the Mouth Nose Ears and Eyes are but few and those few argue drought their Head is filled especially such as keep no regular diet with unconcocted excrements hot Meats and Drinks hot air and hot smels cause Headach they sleep but little and that little is very unquiet Culpeper Such whose Brain is too hot are almost continually troubled with Headach Dreams of fighting and quarrelling their Apprehension is exceeding quick and their smel good when you find these Symtoms in one that is troubled with Headach cool the Brain Chap. 15. Signs of a cold Brain THe Indications of a Brain which is colder than it ought to be are very many excrements appear in their proper places which we shewed before the hair is black soft smooth and not curling it is a long time after the Child is born before the Hair grow they being evilly nourished at beginning such are easily offended by cold causes and being so offended are troubled with heaviness in the Head and distillations from it their Face is pale neither is their Forehead hot the Veins in their Eyes are not seen in the least they are dull witted and mightily given to sleep Chap. 16. Signs of a dry Brain THe Indications of a dry Brain are very few superfluities accuteness of Wit and sences they watch much their Hair is hard and rugged yet quickly grows it curls yet are they soon bald Chap. 17. Indications of a moist Brain THe Signs of a Brain that is moister than it should be are plain Hair no waies curling plain and soft they never are Bald their Wits are dull and stupid never able to get the Phylosophers Stone their Sences are not good many excrements flow from the Head they have tears at will much and deep sleep These are the Signs of a simple distemper of the Brain Chap. 18. Signs of a hot and dry Brain OF Compound Distempers we shall first give the Indications of a hot and dry Brain in which Distemper but very few superfluities of the Brain are avoided for there are but few to avoid they have excellent quick and nimble Wits they watch much their Sences are good their Hair grows soon in Youth yet are they subject to be bald their Hair curls their Forehead appears red in colour and hot in feeling Culpeper I am of Opinion that simple distempers seldom distemper the Brain not because they are not offensive but because they never go alone and my reason is because they are Compound in every Element as the fire is not only hot but also dry the water not only cold but also moist and that 's the reason I gave you not any comment upon the Simple distempers to proceed A hot and dry distemper of the Brain usually causeth continual Headaches and the more it exceeds the golden Mean in heat and driness the greater is the pain as for the curling of the Hair and baldness which Galen speaks of I find they do not alwaies happen true for Aries which is a hot Sign gives thick Hair and never baldness unless Sol be in it if it do then but for Remedies of such a distemper of the Brain use Fumitory Willow Leaves Lettice Hops Water Lillies white Poppy Seeds Roses Violet Leaves and Flowers Strawberry Leaves the Seeds of Endive Succory Musk-Millions and Pumpions you may use them which way you please they are all harmless Also if the pain be extream and sleep fly from you take two grains of Laudanum Londinense at night going to bed Chap. 19. Signs of a hot and moist Brain IF Moisture be joyned to Heat and both of them surpass the golden Mean there follows a high colour of the Face the Eyes are hot and burning and look red the Veins of the Temples seem great the excrements of the Head are many yet seem well concocted all hot things whether taken inwardly or applied outwardly cause them to have a stretching distention and heaviness in
to take it often And he which we told you of that had an Obstruction in his Liver by reason of the narrowness of the Vessels and extenuating diet was found out for his Remedy Chap. 88. Of Solution of Continuity IT remains now that we speak a word or two of that kind of Disease which is incident both to Similar and Instrumental parts viz. Solution of Continuity or Unity which you please which although it happen many times to men in perfect health yet because it causeth passion it may be numbred amongst Diseases for if a sensible hurt of Operation make not a difference between health and sickness I know not what doth Yet amongst these also is some difference for some of these give Healthful Signs some Unhealthful and some Neutral as for the Cure that must be according to the Nature of the Part hurt and the Essence of the Disease hurting Culpeper Me thinks Galen is very misty and hard to be understood in this I shall give you his meaning as well as I can and rest confident if I do vary from the meaning of Galen as it may be I may not yet I will not vary at all from the truth Then consider 1. Solution of Unity is made by Wounds or Ulcers 2. A Wound is a Solution of Unity new bloody and without putrefaction and it is either 1. Simple without accidents 2. Compound with accidents as loss of substance Bruise Swelling Inflamation Pain Convulsion c. 3. Difference according to place or part of the Body 't is in whether Principal or not Principal Spermatical or not Spermatical 4. Difference in respect of end as great little hard or easie to cure dangerous mortal 3. An Ulcer is a Solution of unity with matter differing in substance from the flesh about it 1. Its kinds are either plain hollow fistulous sanious virulent cancrous corrosive putrefactive 2. Its accidents are pain swelling Inflamation hardness callus evil flesh hard lips distemper Worms Bones corrupted If any will contend that Fractures and Dislocations are Solutions of Unity they may I shall pass them here they being not things for every Child in Physick to meddle withal this is a Horn book to Physick and you shall seldom find Latin or Greek written in such a Book Chap. 89. Of the Common Intention of Cure THe Art of Curing hath one common Intention which is taking away that which is contrary to the Cure and all such Causes as bring Health do no more Also the disposition of every part to be cured is to be considered hot distempers are to be cuted by cold causes cold by hot causes for if whatsoever be immoderate thwart Nature and whatsoever is moderate help Nature then of necessity whatsoever is immoderate one way must be brought to Mediocrity by its contrary immoderate and this may be done two waies either according to power or according to imagination according to power when a thing is really so according to imagination when we conceit a thing to be so as it is not Of these things we have spoken in our Vertues of Simple Medicines As for the Cure of such Diseases as are already inherent to the Body we must regard the cause of the Disease put case for example a Feaver ariseth of putrified Humors The Indication of Cure is Evacâ—â—â—ion and Alteration Alteration is cooling the heat of the Humor by cool Medicines this taketh away the Effects but the Cause is taken away by Evacuation as Bleeding Sweating or Clysters or drawing the Humor to another place as by Blisters or the like In this you must regard the matter offending both in respect of Quantity and Quality and the manner of use of your Medicines this we have largely shewed in our Therapeuticks only this let us stick to in all Cures to take away the matter which causeth the Disease by the Roots If the Disease be Compound use a Composition of Simples fitting for it if the Disease be great let the Medicine be the stronger in all let the Medicine be proper for the Disease for example If the Disease exceed Nature in ten parts of heat and seven parts of driness let the Medicine be ten parts colder and seven parts moister Also the part of the Body is to be considered that so the coldness of the Medicine may make the afflicted part no colder than it ought to be if the Disease lie in a remote part of the Body the Medicine ought so to be formed that it lose not its Vertue before it come to that part let it then have not so much heat only as the Disease requires but somwhat more even so much as is necessary to penetrate to the afflicted part Also the matter or substance of the offending Humor must be heeded for if it be thick it cannot penetrate to the extream parts of the Body and in such cases you must use Medicines that are of a cutting quality Culpeper It seems Galen here minded only an Antipathetical Cure in which his Rules are good there is another way of Cure which we call Sympathetical which is done by strengthning Nature in General and the part of the Body afflicted in particular of this and the reasons for it every one that is fit to give Physick may see in my English Physitian Chap. 90. The Cure of Solution of continuity in a Fleshy Part. SOlution of Unity is cured again by Unity and this in Instrumental parts is impossible Culpeper I think my Author means 't is impossible tó set a mans Arm on again when 't is cut off if he do I am cleerly of his Opinion but when a man hath cut his Finger there is a Solution of Unity in an Instrumental part and yet that is easily cured Galen The Cure of Solution of Unity in Similary parts is not alwaies possible but in fleshy parts it is unless the loss of substance be so great that the sides of the Wound cannot be joyned together without marring the form of the Body Our present task then is 1. To joyn the parts of the Body together which are separated by the Wound or Ulcer 2. To keep them together being so joyned 3. To clense the Ulcer of what hinders the Cure 4. To preserve the part sound being cured The First and Second are performed by convenient binding and stitching together To the Third we must have a care 1 That neither dust filth nor hairs fall into it 2 That no Corruption breed in it that may hinder the Cure 3 If there be much defluxion of Humors to it either purge them out or draw them back to another place To the Fourth Strengthen the part when you have cured it with convenient drying Medicines Thus much of Solution of continuity in a fleshy part Culpeper Galen hath done very well in this I shall only ad an Exhortation to Artists which if they observe they may do well I desire them 1 To work safely without hurt 2 Spèedily without detracting time 3 Do as they would be
I am now come to my last point Affections of the Mind and they are but two Content and Discontent In Content consider 1. What it is 2. Its Effects 3. Its Differences First By Content I mean such affections as are pleasing to the Nature of Man as Hope Joy Lové Mirth c. Secondly By their Effects 1. They dilate the Heart and Arteries 2. They distribute both Vital and Natural Spirit throughout the Body 3. They comfort and strengthen not only the parts of the Body but also the Mind and that in all their actions Thirdly Their Differences are two and no more 1. Moderation which comforts both Body and Mind 2. Immoderation which hurts both Body and Mind First By Discontent I mean such affections as disturb the Body as Anger Hatred Fear for things to come Care for things past Sorrow Grief of Mind c. Secondly The Effects of it are 1. They devert the Vital heat from the Circumference to the Center thereby consuming the Vital Spirits drying the Body and causing Leanness 2. They are forerunners of Evil 3. They are Destroyers Overthrowers and Murderers both of Body and Mind 4. They hasten old Age and death by consuming Radical Moisture Thus much for my Comment upon this Chapter which if it light into the Hands of a wise man I have written enough if of a Fool too much Chap. 86. Of Venereals THe Opinion of Epicurus was that it was Unhealthful for man to come to the School of Venus but indeed and in truth the Exercise is beneficial if a due interval of time be observed And this you may know if the man find himself the better and not the worse after the Act. As for the time to such business Let not the Body be too full nor too empty too hot nor too cold too dry nor too moist and if you must err in in one of these err as little as you can And because usually errors are in such case let the Body be rather hot than cold full than empty moist than dry Before you come to the School of Venus go to the School of Mars namely Exercise your Body before you take councel of the under sheet and so exercise it that you do not tire it If your Constitution be good you need not fear the Exercise of your Constitution can be otherwaies If there be deficiency in your Body it is no wonder if you reade it in your Child We have given you notice how you may know the deficiencies of your own Body and we have spoken of them severally in other Works of ours If the Temperature of the Body differ from Health the effects of the same Temperature must differ as much from the desired end and in that take a few Rules to help your selves Hot Bodies desire hot Nourishments cold Bodies cold Nourishments dry Bodies dry Nourishments and moist Bodies moist Nourishments and the reason is because every like is maitained by his like Therefore Whereas Motion want of Nourishment Watching a Loosness and Discontent dry the Body and procure Diseases thence coming the contrary to these moisten the Body for likes rejoyce in their likes and keep the Bodies in their Temperature and this we speak concerning Bodies Healthful The inequality of these is the breach of Health in the Body of man the way to correct which we have spoken of before only somthing we shall now ad If the Body be offended by much Idleness we ought to correct it by Exercise but this is to be done by degrees for Nature abhors all sudden change Understand the like by a Body weakned by too much Exercise as also by other things not natural which we spake of in the last Chapter Also it may so come to pass that the Stomach may be colder than it ought to be and yet the Brain at the same time hotter than its due temper in such a case you must remedy them both with Medicines proper for them Do the like by other parts of the Bodie when they are hotter colder drier or moister than they ought to be Culpeper By what means to do this you have before in my Comment Chap. 87. Of Healthful Causes of the Instrumental Parts AS concerning Healthful Causes of the Instrumental parts of the Body some consist in want of error in Formation others in want of error in Magnitude Number and Scituation In Formation many errors happen both in the fashion of the part and if there be any Cavity in it when it differs from the Golden Mean in the Passage Mouth Roughness or Smoothâ—ess these if they differ but little from what naturally they ought to be may deserve the appellation of Healthful but if much they may safely be called Unhealthful but if the difference be so great that the part cannot perform its operation it may truly be said to be sick Also difference must be made in the Quantity of the Defect as also in the Number whether one or moâ—â— or how many of the parts be deficient as also what the Scituation of the deficient part is The Differences then of these are four 1. Such whose Instrumental parts are in a due Decorum 2. Such as differ but little from it and therefore may also be called Healthful 3. Such as differ more and therefore are Unhealthful 4. Such as differ most and therefore are sick As for such Members as offend in Figure or fashion viz. such as are crooked or the like while the Child is yet yong and tender they may be reduced to their Natural habit by binding or such like means but when once the Child is grown up and the parts hardened 't is impossible to reduce them and indeed all errors in the Body are easier to be amended whilst the Body grows than afterwards for then according to the Opinion of most Phyfitians there is no place left for Remedy As for such Members as exceed their due proportion in bigness may be reduced by resting and convenient binding of them also Members may be encreased by motion and moderate rubbing for that calls the Blood to the place All defective parts which have their Original through Blood are not impossible to be corrected or restored but such parts of the Body as are Spermatical or have their Original by Seed are either altogether impossible to be restored or very neer the point although a callous matter grow in their places which performs the same office they did In all these Nature is the Work-woman and the Physitian but her Servant Also somtimes two or three Vices may accompany one and the same Part as in him that we told you before that had a smal and round Stomach and neer the Diaphragma for in him both Magnitude Formation and Scituation were depraved and the greatest Artificialness in the world could never bring this to a natural habit for if his Stomach were never so little full difficulty of breathing followed therefore his only Remedy was to take little meat and drink at a time and
you would disperse any humor from the lower parts of the Body let the Medicine be strong lest it lose its strength before it come at the afflicted part neither need you fear the superior parts will be afflicted by such Medicines seeing the cause of the affliction lies not in them neither are the Medicines to be apropriated to them Then consider That the parts afflicted by such deâ—luxions some are rare loose and soft by Nature others thick and hard by Nature the former are easily emptied you must use sharper Remedies to the latter The Indications then must be taken both from the substance of the afflicted part and also from the Formation and Scituation of it for example if it happen so that the Liver be afflicted by Humors in the small Vessels thereof which Humors are thin viscuous thick or superaboundant Is it not the readiest way first to separate these by extenuating meats and drinks and change them into another substance Then in the second place to empty those by passages which are large and not by those that are narrow whereas you cannot bring them thither without extenuating for there are large passages Meatus in the Liver as well as narrow which pass to the Vena Cava as the narrow doth to the Vena Porta It is no such difficult matter then when Humors are thick and tough in the Liver to evacuate them by drawing them to the Vena Cava by such Medicines as have a drawing quality that so they may be cast out by Urine But besides these here is another Indication to be taken from the Liver it self Suppose it be so weakned by moistning Medicines or Cataplasms that it is unabled not only to perform its own Office but weakens the Veins also in such a case you must mix some binding things with your Medicines but seeing the Liver lies so low 't is some Question whether the binding Medicines be not weakned before they come at it unless they be mixed with some things else of more subtil parts as Spices are If you make up your Medicines of such Spices as bind Nature when she hath gotten two Qualities to serve her turn in one Medicine will operate the stouter Culpeper I know at present none better for such a purpose than Cinnamon and Cassia Lignea and if you mix a little Spodium amongst them it will not do amiss Galen Also take another Animadversion Have a care the Natural temper of the part afflicted be not distempered by the Humor flowing to it if it be Flegm that flow to it it may be it is too cold if Choller too hot you must cure this distemper before ever you can restore the Member to its pristine health and strength and this is to be cured by its contraries namely cold by heat and heat by cold and herein also you must be well versed namely how hot and cold every Member by Nature ought to be for how can you tell else when it exceeds its due proportion in cold or heat or when you have cooled or heated it enough Chap. 96. Of Diseases according to Number HAving spoken enough of these things we come now to such whose Number is not according to Nature and seing their difference is twofold one in which some part is deficient the Cure of which is by subministring to Nature the other which is superaboundant which ought to be cut off either by Iron or Fire or Medicines which have a burning quality all these may be cured 't is true but nâ—w ones cannot be gotten in their rooms that are wanâ—â—ng some there are that though they cannot be generaâ—â—â— again yet somthing may be made in lieu of them â—s â— Bone being taken away you â—ay put in some substaâ—ce different from both Bone and Flesh â—â—â—â—eâ—d of it for there is a certain Callus Flesh 〈◊〉 in the room of it which though it seem like Flesh at first yet in process of time it grows to the hardness of a Bone so also any Member being cut off seeing we cannot make its like in substance we may make the like of it in shew that so the Body may the better retain its beauty Culpeper A right Worshipful Business and teacheeh a man thus much knowledg That he may make a wooden Leg. Chap. 97. Of Diseases according to Magnitude AS for Diseases according to Magnitude when the bigness of the parts of the Body are according to nature they are as they should be if any parts be bigger or smaller than they should be you should take away from those that are too big or if that cannot be withdraw the matter to another place cherrish those that are deficient in bigness and take away those that superabound this was spoken to more at large before Chap. 98. Of Diseases according to Scituation VVE come to that other kind of Healthful causes which amends such parts as are out of place as Luxations Ruptures c. this is done by some violent stretching or stroke or else by some dilation or breaking of the Continent Twofold then also is the way of Cure the one is by reducing it to its proper place the other by strengthning the part after it is reduced Chap. 99. Of Preservative Causes THis Chapter seems to contain in it the Sum of all what hath hitherto been spoken of Preservatives there are three Kinds 1. Such as have respect to men in perfect Health 2. Such as regard men not in perfect Health 3. Such as belong to men that are Sick The first maintains Health the other two attain it The whol Basis of this is chiefly busied about Humors which ought neither to be too thick nor too thin neither too watry nor too many nor too hot nor to cold nor too biting neither subject to Putrefaction nor yet of a Venemous Nature for when any of these are encreased they engender Diseases The Intention of Cure of this is Alteration and Evacuation They are altered when they are either concocted by the Body it self or by some other Faculties which have a Medicinal Force or Operation as by such things as expel poyson they are evacuated by Purges Clvsters Sweatings and Vomitings these are common Evacuations proper are such as are apropriated to certain parts and places of the Body the Bowels are purged by Stool the Liver by Urine the whol Body by Sweat the Head by Sneezing the Lungues by Coughing c. Besides there are some sorts of Purges which draw the Humors from all parts of the Body as Pills Chap. 100. Of that part of the Art which refresheth Old Age SUch Food Diet and Medicines as refresh and restore are most fit for Ancient People The Disposition of Ancient people is the best Disposition but yet Blood in them is but little neither is their Vital 〈◊〉 Animal Spirit much their sollid parts are dry therefore is their strength weak and their whol Body cold The Healthful Causes which amend this Disposition that I may comprehend them all in one