it but they intend onely to take away and correct the heat which is a kinde of product which comes afterward and lodgeth not in the feverish matter For they apply their remedies adposterius non adprius to the effects and not their causes Py. You say right for the feverish heat is 19. A fifth kindled in the in-â—ushing or violent way-making Archeus But the root of the fever is the very matter it self which is offending Ph. They therefore look onely as I said to the taking away of the consequent effect and that which resulteth out of the position of that root Py. 'T is so and hence you may see that the Archeus is not inflamed from the root but from a heat drawn from elsewhere Ph. How I pray you Py. Whil'st this spirit inflameth it's self by its strugling and by its own heat raised to such a degree thereby as is far above that which it hath need of or is befitting it wherein it becomes wholly troublesome as being delated further then it should be and above the necessity that is of it For we must not 20. Feverish heat not from the offending matter think there is any such heat in that detestable feverish matter which both they and I call peccant that it should feverishly heat thereby the intire totality If they will allow that for which every thing is such to be it self more such And then again because every 21. Another argument heating agent by it's species works more forcibly in that which is near hand then in that which is farther distant Ph. Hereupon I should think that if the feverish matter did with its heat heat the rest of necessity the center or nest wherein this offending feverish matter is received should first be burnt into ashes before any thing that 's distant from it should thereby be warmed Py. Yea and if the peccant matter should 22. A third of its own accord wax warm and that meeâ— preter-natural heat should be a fever every fever as a fever should be continual neither should it have any intermission till all the peccant matter were totally consumed into ashes Ph. That 's plain and it stands with reason 23. A fourth also that there should bee no repition of fits nor yet any â—elapse if the peccant matter should out of its native property always heat till it were consumed Py. Nay that which is more a dead 24. A fifth carkass should be as hot after death and more ardently be disturbed with a fever then when it was living by reason that the same matter doth yet remain in the carkass which introduced death into the living body Ph. And considering that they suppose the same matter hot by its proper heat of putrifaction and that it is more putrid after death then before and that it affecteth more parts adjacent then while it lived A man would therefore think also that it should more actually heat then then while it lived Py. But this error is thus discovered because a fever which made a live body hot presently after death ceaseth and all heat 25. Feverish heat not of the peccant matter expires with life And this should instruct us that feverish heat is not proper to the peccant matter or that it doth inhabit in it as also that the heat of that matter doth not efficiently and effectively heat in fevers And 26. Feverish matter heateth occasionally only therefore it is perpetually true that the offending matter heateth occasionally onely But the Archeus is the worker of all alteration and therefore under this title that way-making spirit is it which efficiently primarily immediately alwayes every where and only heateth according to that Axiom whatsoever 27. Who maker of the feverish heat bringeth forth sound actions in such as are sound the very same is it which uttereth faulty or unhealthfull actions in diseases For this very spirit heats a man naturally in health which in fevers is inflamed Ph. But could not what is said be yet made plainer by some instance Py. No doubt it might And to this end 28. The original of preternatural heat take that which followeth An Oken thorn or splinter which is both actually and potentially cold is thrust into a finger it presently begets a preternatural heat therein Ph. Comes this by reason that hot humours have their affluence thither as if they had been called by that thorn and had expected the wound thereof which otherwise had been temperately quiet in their proper places Py. O no for that bloud which is next the wound hinders the access of that which followeth Ph. So then that bloud which is next the wound is that which heats it is it not Py. By no means for neither that nor any other bloud is hot of it self but what heat it hath it hath by grace and favour from the vital spirit Ph. Then I perceive this heat of the wound comes from that spirit Py. Right for th'inflamation the swelling the hardness of the pulse the pain and hear that are in the wound come all onely from the spirit causally but from the infixed thorn alone occasionally Ph. Verily this is a sufficient example as 29. To heat and to be hot how different well for the position manner and knowing as also for the curing of a fever Teaching that the peccant cause in a fever is not hot in its self and that it heateth no way but occasionally and that upon the pulling out of the thorn or occasional cause health followeth So that the Archeus alone is that which doth every where effectively stir up the fever and when it through death is gone the fever ceaseth Therefore heat is but an after accident 30. Heat an after accident to the essence of a fever and subsequent to the essence of a fever For the Archeus in the striving desire it hath to expel the occasional matter as a thorn that 's thrust into it heats it self now whosoever puls out this thorn that is whosoever takes away 31. Whence feverish heat this matter he puls up the infirmity by the root Py. I like your brief and easie repition But add yet this in curing That it is almost indifferent to nature whether the means be hot cold or temperate so the disease thereby find remedy For instantly the strugling ceaseth because the Archeus is appeased Ph. I perceive then that heat how much 32. A fever is not heat essentially soever it be preternaturally augmented though it may be a sign of fevers yet it is not the very fever nor in the cure thereof to be much insisted on Py. You perceive aright And from hence Hippocrates hath seriously warned us that heat and cold are not diseases nor the causes of them But that bitter sharp salt portick c. are causes viz. occasional of diseases and that the spirit is it which makes all the inrodes But then came Galen about 500 years younger then Hippocrates who
blotted much paper and by his chat allured followers whose posterity admiring this pratling depended on him making alwayes most of what was least Since when the world waxing every where old in frivolous judgements esteemed that of greatest weight which most resembled its inconstancy THE SECOND MEETING OF PHILIATRUS AND PYROSOPHILVS About putrefaction in Fevers introduced by the declining Schools Ph. WHat made the Schools to 1. Physick Schools constrained to find out something else besides heat in Fevers bring in Putrefaction into Fevers Py. They perceiving that exercise did oft produce an heat not unlike the heat in fevers yet finding it not feverish they bethought themselves that such an heat as was necessary in fevers could not be every heat indifferently but such an one as must be raised out of putrefaction And now they were no longer troubled about the heat nor yet about the degree or distemper thereof but rather about the continent cause of it For this graduated preternatural heat did not seem to be sufficient for a fever unless â—t should proceed from puâ—refaction Ph. If this were so I should think this 2. Another defect in the definition of a Fever particular was but drowsily omitted in the former definition Py. You say well but now this feverish essence is no longer a naked heat nor shall it distinguish fevers by the diversity of heat 3. The Schools contradict their own principles though the species should result from that from whence the essence doth but from the varieties of the putrid humors or at least from the varieties of those which are in putrifying Ph. A fair beginning certainly to wander thus from the business that whereas before they respected nothing else but heat which should exceed th' accustomed temper of Nature now they require as well heat as a subject of putrefaction But what should be there subject wherein they would have this heat to be kindled Py. Forsooth they must no longer have 4. The essence of Fevers not from heat it kâ—ndled first within the heart but in the offending putrid matter Now seeing there is but one species onely in degree though the moments or mansions thereof be many and that the species of fevers be many and that a specifical multitude of fevers cannot come forth of one species of preter-natural heat Therefore in the esse of heat there is another thing looked after besides the degree of it And by this means heat cannot make the feverish essence but this other thing by reason whereof the diversity of fevers is produced Now if the putrefaction of divers things be the efficient cause of the diversity of fevers heat will be as well a thing caused out of putrefaction as the fever it self is And so considering the causal action of that which is putrâ—fied involves somewhat else besides heat a fever cannot be an heat Ph. How do the Schools relish this Py. They remaining now confused cast 5. Physitians by little and little forget their own Theses about them many wayes that if one help them not at least another may so that al though they stick closely to their formâ—r definition and adore it yet by little and little they winde away from the naked distemper of heat to the putrefaction of humours Neither sâ—and they stedfast in these trifles but they flye moreover though forgetfull of their Theses to hot remedies And this they do whether they mean to purge their patients or whether they turn themselves to proper specifical remedies of fevers Ph. But what use they in particular I pray you Py. What is more common in curing for a fever then to give A pozems made of Hops Asparagus c. and to make them up with Sugar Or what is hotter then that aromatical thing 6. What is aromatical in Roses is very hot or quality which is in roses whether you consider the test thereof or application without which the rose is but a meer dead carkass And what meet you with more frequent then in your Juleps for fevers to mingle corrosives of Sulpher and of Vitriol many wayes adulterated by counsel and consent of Lucre Or then Rubarb and Scammoniated medicines which they fâ—ign to chuse or pick out guilty humors 7. Whether the schools think rightly that feverish heat ariseth froÌ„ putrefaction Ph. What is to be done in this case Py. We will first therefore purposely examine whether the heat of a fever come from Putrefaction For which cause I have already plainly taught that the heat of a fever doth no way causally depend upon the peccant matter And then I have learned 8. A malâ—gnant fever wherein different from the rest that a maligne fever onely differs from the rest in this that the offending matter thereof hath abâ—ginning putredness joyned with it Which if it increase or go forwards to its height untill that putrefaction be now made and remain internally it upon necessity brings present death But if it be thrust out of the body while it is in making as in small Poxe Eâ—ysipelâ—'s c. it is for the most part cured In that health doth commonly accompany a motion outward For from 9. Crisis of fevers by sweat most wholsome hence fevers produce of their own accords sweaâ—s towards their ending And that Câ—isis is most wholesome which ends by sweaâ—ing and consequently sweating remedies are wholesome also Ph. But why are they fled away to Putrefaction 10. Why the Schools fled to putrefaction Py. That they might finde a cause from whence they might first ground a cold and then a heat presently after it Ph. How seek they this cause Py. They take upon them to know that 11. A fond comparison of heat in horse-dung horse dung which is actually cold waxeth hot of it self by reason of Putrefaction But Lord how foolishly do they cheat the credulous world in every place For cow-dung made of the same nourishment is better putrefied and digested then horse-dung and yet it waxeth not hot Neither doth horse-dung made by feeding upon grass or green taâ—es or vetches wax hot as it doth when the horse is fed with corn and yet as well that as this putrefieth Therefore they 12. Why hors-dung is hot knew not that the heat comes from the chewed corn and not from the nature of the putrefaction And for that cause they insipidly traduce the feverish heat to putred humors in a fever from the heat of dung not yet putrefying so that the Schools knew nor that by how much the nearer horse dung is to a bâ—ginning putrefaction so much the more it is deprived of all heat And the same shall never after putrefie if it be sprinkled But onely while it is heaped together moist and in that moistness pressed together it is kindled before the Putrefaction thereof in the same manner that bay and flowers are I say they knew not that dung waxeth hot by the proper spirits of the salâ—s compressed And in conclusion
though dung wax hot while the putrefaction is in making yet all the heat ceaseth before the beginning of the putrefaction made And by this reason the heat of dung doth not square with the feverish matter if it must long before lye putred as they 13. The degree of heat in a putresceÌ„t thing is not able sufficiently to heat the whole man in a fever say hid in receptacles and in a Quartan continually and very long neither is the degree of heat in dung so fitted that it should be dispersed from the putred centre to the soals of the feet but it would burn the centre of the body whence that putred humor issued Ph. It should seem then that example of dung in fevers is utterly impertinent Py. It is so and the rather because they do teach thereby that cold comes before heat For in Nature putrefaction causeth heat no where much less in vitals For in the things 14. Putrefaction no where cause of heat putrefying cold is necessary If it bee deprived of life which is the fountain of our heat Ph. In the sound days of intermiâ—tent fevers we complain not of heat neither doth cold trouble us Py. Yet they suppose the humors to be at that time putrefied Therefore if heat and cold do causally succeed â—ach other in the putrefied and there be cold before heat alwayes successively in fits of fevers cold is more innate to putredness then heat iâ— And for that cause we measure the length of the disease by the continuance of the cold and not of heat in fevers Then at length I shew'd that all feverish heat comes wholly from the Archeus and therefore ceaseth before death when cold and putrefaction grow stronger It implies a contradiction also that heat in fevers should proceed from any thing putred and should first be enflamed in the heart it self from whence all putredness is banished And in fine heat is not kindled in dung out 15. Dung not hot from putrefaction of its own putredness For if it should be daily sprinkled with new horse-piss it will not grow hot no not for a year together Yet it is certain that urine preserveth not from putredness but doth increase it rather Ph. If I be not deceived they might more 16. Why they took not their feverish heats froÌ„ hot baths properly and truly have taken their heats from hot bathes and lime then from horse-dung Py. They might but that the causes of these heats were not so well known unto them and therefore they thought it more safe for them to pitch upon the putredness of horse-dung onely Neither was it material whether they had taken or borrowed the feverish essence rather from heat then cold or any other symptomes seeing they are equal and fellow-acâ—idents of fevers Ph. Then is their study alwayes to war 17. Ignorance of roots drew the Schools to the considerations and remedies of effects against accidents of fevers Py. It is so but there was some reason for it Ph. What I pray you Py. Because they did not know the roots thereof Ph. But now it being manifest that material things are the very matter it self how will they cure who imploy all their curing endeavours upon or against heat onely The similitude of horse-dung and of feverish heat dedicated to or rather cast upon putrefaction is at least disparaged also is it not Py. Doubtless it is for dung when it begins 18. Dung loseth the heat when it beginneth to putrifie but a little to putrefie it shakes off heat immediately For so long as it can wax warm Artists draw Saltpeter from it but when it is hot they leave it to Peasants as unprofitable to their purpose But the Schools accuse the putredness of humors and that of 19. A great blindness of the Schools one and the same humor as well for cold as heat and both in extreams And consequently one and the same should of it self immediately make two opposites Therefore of necessity one of these must be of it self the other by accident Now if it could be the childe of Putrefaction of it self it cannot in possibility thrown or the whole oâ—der of curing hiinclude heat essentially but by accident only Buâ— if heat of it self be the son of putrefaction then would not a fever begin with cold Yet it is plain enough out of what hath been formerly said that the Schools take or think putrefaction to be the essence of fevers and heat and cold to be accidents associaâ—ing putrefaction Wherefore Galen saith when 20. Galen coâ—victed of error Bloud is putâ—efied it becomes Choler Which text if they admit of this Choler was putrefied in its bâ—ginning or not If it were putred it should make a Tertian and not a Synochus 21. Bloud in veines never putrefied and therefore what they fable of Synochus is erroneous or putred Causon Let our School Physitians therefore know that Bloud never putrifies within the veins but when the vein also putrefies with it as in Gangrens and Mortifications And hence therefore they who let bloud that it may not putrifie within the veins make use of that former fallacy called Petitio Principii So do they who affirm that a Synochus comes out of putred bloud of the veins And they also who tel us that Bloud putrefied is turned into Choler Ph. How is this to be proved Py. I prove it thus The veins retain their 22. Presidents proved bloud fluid even in dead bodies and that by consent of all Anatomy But bloud gone out of the veins presently thickens into clotts for the coâ—agulation of bloud is onely the beginning of corruption and the way to separation of the whole If therefore the vein shall keep the bloud from corruption in a catkass much more shall it do it in those that are living by an aâ—gument a Minori ad Majus Indeed the strange excrements retained in veins do putrefie as well such as are of their proper as those that are of any other digestion as elsewhere touching digestions but the bloud never putrefies within them as being by consent of Scripture the seat and treasure of the life If therefore the life it self cannot preserve its own seat and treasure from corruption while it is within the veines when will it then preserve it Or how shall it ever be free from corruption Again if the life keep not the bloud wherein it glideth from putrefaction how shall the 23. Guiâ—â— or dowry of veins bones be preserved The veins therefore are ordained by the Creator to keep the bloud from corruption because the life is confirmentated or mixed like leven together with the bloud of the veins 24. Nature or School doctrine ruined Ph. It being thus it seems to me that under this question either the glory comeliness and destination of Nature is overhitherto adored by Physicians is destroyed Py. Well go to By what signes do the Schools to be putrefied Is it not by
things known to the senses it is true that in the beginning of a fever the sick are sensible of a real coldness but it is a false one and a fraudulent deceiving of the senses For though they are cold outwardly yet inwardly they are hot and bnrn with a true heat though the patient thinks otherwise Py. These are such as would rather not see or not be sensible though their eys be open But these are madnesses which every country fellow will hush out of the middle of a village In that for some hours the entrails are possessed with a most eager or intense coldness For in so plain and undoubted an history of cold which is of fact and sensible the argument which they produce 9. A loose argument of these men is very feeble they say there is inwardly a great heat though the Patients feel it not their reason is because they are oppressed with a continual thirst which as it is primarily a figne of siccitie so this siccity in living creatures presupposeth an heat equal to it And that from hence thirst deserves to bee of greater authority then sense is Ph. What say you to this assertion Py. I say they know that this thirst proceedeth 10. Feverish thirst examined not either from heat or driness as doth in a thirst that is natural Ph. How make you that good Py. Thus If this thirst did proceed from 11. An argument from the remedy of thirst heat or driness it would regularly be quenched with drinking therefore this thirst is deceitful and not that coldness Ph. From whence then should that thirst in the beginning of fevers have its original Py. From an excrement which ill affecteth and deludeth this sensitive faculty and the Organ or Instrument thereof in the same manner as if a great siccity or drought were sodainly come unto it Ph. Is this probable Py. Probable enough in that I am sure our adversaries will not allow the curing of driness by most dry remedies but by cold and moist potions rather But this thirst in fevers which we now speak of is cured by a remedy that is in it's self most dry and corrosive Ph. Good Sir what remedy may that be Py. Th' Acidite of Sulphur which quencheth this dâ—ceitful thirst in the same manner as fire is extinguished by water cast upon it Ph. But why may we not out of invincible 12. An argument a pari taken from sleep sleep or drowsiness often seen in the beginning of fevers by a strong reason guess at coldness in that beginning then they do of heat or driness by that thirstiness Py. We may doubtless and so much the rather in that the Schools affirm that sleep comes as well from an invincible coldness as thirst proceedeth from a driness Ph. But makes it not against us that sleep assaults us not in every fever Py. By no means for it sufficeth yea and it bringeth greater confusion that sleep is frequent in some patients Ph. But tell me what time or station 13. Another from thirst in the state or vigor of a feverish fit of a feverish fit is hottest whether the beginning augmentation state or declination Py. Certainly the state or vigor when the interior parts are sensibly perceived to bee most hot and in greatest trouble Ph. But are they of that opinion Py. No. Ph. Why so Py. Because in the state they say the thirst is not so great as in the beginning Ph. Now if this thirst bewray heat and that it be a signe inseperable of or from heat so that such as tremble with cold may be notwithstanding said to burn I should think the greatest thirst should oppress Patients in the hottest station of the feverish fits Py. But this they deny Ph. What evasion will they now have Or which way will they turn themselves being catcht and intangled in their own net Py. Therefore I say whosoever they be who judge of the native roots of things from accidents which follow by accident are in an errour Ph. Then assuredly if a fever be ill defined 14. It proceeds froÌ„ a deadly ignorance not to define a fever rightly and if they cure that fever after this definition it may doubtless prove a deathfull ignorance in the definers Py. Nay more by the Cornelian Law of privy murtherers the Magistrate is to proceed against such as obstinately cure amiss those patients which trusted their lives into their hands as being such by whose offence so many thousand thousands are unfortunately killed Ph. Well then if a fever or a feverish 15. An argument against the Schools about feverish heat heat should first be kindled in the heart and yet the matter of fevers which they hold to proceed from one of the four humours putrified consists not in the ventricles of the heart what followes Py. It followes that this heat or fever is not first kindled in the feverish matter and that they in vain seek after putrefaction who would finde and intimate and an immediate cause of a preter-natural heat Ph. Then is this definition of a fever ruined Py. It is so and moreover it followes 16. Another thence that a fever is not primarily effectively and immediately existent in its matter whence it is caused as they would have it materially and originally Ph. No where then I pray Py. In the heart It follows also further from the same Thesis that to make a fever it is not required that the offending and feverish matter be kindled Ph. What then I pray Py. Another inflamable thing which hath its residence primarily in the heart and is from thence issuable through the whole body Ph. What inflamable body should this be Py. That which I with Hyppocrates call Spiritum impetum facientem the invading enterprizing or way-making spirit Ph. Whence I pray you bring you this last doctrine Py. Not from the Ancients but I have 17. A third wrested it out and by force commanded it to be granted to me Ph. Shall you have any occasion to speak of this any where else Py. I shall when wee come to discourse of the efficient cause of fevers In the mean time this being violently obtained it follows at least that the peccant or offending matter of fevers is not properly kindled neither is it in its self primarily and efficiently hot nor heats it preternaturally if the first inflamable must be kindled in the heart Nor is the peccant matter thereof hot above or beyond the degree of Nature in a fever But that which is kindled in the heart was not inflamed before the fit of the fever and by that meanes it altogether differeth from the peccant or offending matter in fevers Ph. It may fitly then be hence concluded 18. A fourth that whosoever goes about to take away a fever by coolers hath no intention to cure by taking away the causes or cutting up the roots or by draining and emptying the fountain thereof or that which doth exile
reserve it self against this defect to continue the sever which should otherwise perish through the penury of Cholâ—r Or whether did Nature please her self in the custody of a putred Choler But if this Cholâ—r flowing out of the veines be not putred then Nature should be mad and surious to dissolve the bloud that she might have something for the continuation of the suture sever But the Galenical Schools confess it putred and that a putred humor is every fiâ— powred out by the veines and carried into the slender extremities of them and that that is the cause of the trembling of the fit and of the exceeding cold thereof the putrefâ—ction of which humor while it is there more increased should presently after be the cause of heat in such extremity Ph. How relished you this Py. I esteemed these as dry stubble unworthy tales miserable old wives fictions and ignorances most pernicious to humane Nature Ph. But did not Fernelius fiâ—st detect this ignorance of the Schools Py. He did so and therefore Rondeletius 18. The merit of Ferâ—elius and his fellow Galenists inveighed against Fernelius as a desertor of the Schools and an Apostata But Fernelius was the first that smelt out the nest of intermittents to be about the stomack and next Gut unto it called Duodenum and about the Pancreas also which we call Sweet-bread as likewise he established the seat of continual fevers about the heart But he had not the boldness to decline from the old way of curing fevers He began indeed openly to dispute against the precedent Schools about the nest of fevers but he afterwards hid himself amongst his abdita and not able to shake off those straw-made shackles of putred humors he suffered both the knowledge and the essences of fevers also to be taken from him Ph. But what saith Paracelsuâ— to this business Py. Paracelsus being terrified by the rigor 19. The rashâ—ness and inconstancy of Paracelsus of fevers perswading himself hee had the knowledge of all fevers sure enough tickled by his own invention of an allegorical Microcosme defines a fever to be a disease made of Sulphur and Nitre And in another place that it is the earth quake of the little world â—â— if Sulphur and Nitre should be made much colder then themselves as bâ—ing drawn out of the mud or slime which he cals Limus or Limbus of the Microcosm which afterwards should of their own accords be set on fire by the burning Etna Now as Galen in the search of causes stumbled every where and therein shewed himself to be no Physician whose name he saith is Iventor Occasionis so Paracelsus with a wonderous liberty is faln in his Microcosmi Parâ—emius unworthy a Physitian Ph. It would prove an hard law to precipitate 20. Man no Microcosm if we obey the Scripture a man nakedly to have a relation or a reference to the Microcosm in the miserable necessities of all diseases Py. I therefore rejoyce with my self that I bear the Image of the living God and not of the world Ph. It should seem then that this good man was deceived Py. Nothing more certain In that hee knew not that fire burneth no where unless 21. Paracelsus deceived it be first kindled neither knew hee any flint in us or steel or any thing to strike them one against the other in the point or instant of the beating of the flint howsoever he dissemble the business and indeed there was no necessity of them no nor of gunpowder to produce a feverish heat unless we were to be burnt up the first stroke and torn in pieces Therefore the matter of actual Sulphur and Salt-peter are wanting in us So is the connection of them both together neither is there actual fire within us And in fine there wants a body which could tolerate this burning though it were but for a moment Wherfore the causes and originals of fevers in the Schools are trifling songs and very fables THE FOURTH MEETING OF PHILIATRUS AND PYROSOPHILVS About the Examination of Bloud-letting in Fevers Ph. GOod Sir let mee hear your opinion of Bloud-letting in fevers Py. You shall but before I go on to further scopes intentions or purposes I should repeat what I have elsewhere in a large Treatise demonstrated viz. That there are not two Cholers and a Phlegme in Nature as parts whereof the bloud consisteth Ph. No That were worth the hearing Py. It were and the rather because in this place where there is no mention made of any but putâ—ed humors those would of themselves be destroyed In that a putred 1. One reasoÌ„ against humors the rest elswhere animal is no longer animal But this discourse of fevers requires a more succinct brevity of me Ph. Use your pleasure Py. I will therefore onely examine two generâ—l helps in curing Ph. What are those Py. Bloud-letting and Purging Ph. These are as it were the two Pillars of Physick if you should dealâ— otherwise then well with them the whole house would of its own accord fall upon the heads of Physitians For if these helps should be taken away Physitians must forsake their Patients as not having other medicines then such as doth diminish stâ—engâ—h and body 2. Galen's universal prâ—position for Phlebotoâ—y Py. These therefore I will touch upon in general For by the consent of Galen bloud-letting is required in every fever except an hectick Ph. What arguments bring you against the Schools and the destructive custome of these times in this occasion Py. Such as follow viz. Bloud letting 3. A Syllogism against him where there is no necessary indication thereof that is where there is no proper use of it is unprofitable But in fevers there is no necessary indication thereof therefore bloud-letting in fevers is unprofitable Ph. What if they deny your Major Py. I prove it thus becâ—use the end is the first director of the causes and disposer of the means unto it self wheresoever therefore the end shews not a necessity of the means those means not being requisite to that end are impertinently used Especially where a contrary indication tels us that we cannot let bloud without dejection of our strength or forces Therefore these means are foolishly appointed which are by the end declared to be used in vain unprofitably and with diminution of those forces Ph. How prove you your Minor Py. Horatius Augenius proves it by three books written to that purpose wherein he teacheth by consent of the Academies that onely a Phlethora or too great fulness of the veines that is too great aboundance of the bloud is that which shews when bloud-letting is to be used Noâ— that directly for the curing of fevers but for the evacuation of that fulness but there 's never any Phlethora in fevers Therefore there is never any need of bloud-letting in fevers And consequently iâ— is altogether unprofitable Ph. I must confess the conclusion is new and paradoxical and therefore it should be proved