Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	cold_a	heat_n	hot_a	2,925	5	7.7399	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43489	An astrological discourse with mathematical demonstrations proving the powerful and harmonical influence of the planets and fixed stars upon elementary bodies in justification of the validity of astrology : together with an astrological judgment upon the great conjunction of Saturn & Jupiter, 1603 / written by that worthy, learned gentleman, Sir Christopher Heydon, Knight ; and now published by Nicholas Fiske ...	Heydon, Christopher, Sir, d. 1623.; Fiske, Nicholas.	1650 (1650)	Wing H1663; ESTC R16056	46,071	129

that the one cannot subsist in the other what may be more clear then that for these Reasons Light and Heat are two diverse qualities and that Light can neither be the essence of Heat nor Heat of Light Truly therefore doth Durandus distinguish of their properties teaching us that the property of Light is only to illuminate and that it is not of the essence thereof either to heat or infrigidate Sed saith he duntaxat merito corporis in quo inest ut si virtute calidum sit c. So then the heat which accompanieth the light of the Sun is not to be said any property of light but in truth to be referred to the Suns occult and specifick Virtue as with like reason I do affirm and hereafter will prove That the rest of the first qualities together with the special properties of every Star doth accompany Light as well as Heat For it is clear that there be many lightsom bodies which do not heat but are rather actually cold as for example the Diamond Carbuncle and other precious Stones besides the Eyes Heads and Scales of Fishes and the Sea it self which in tempestuous weather doth represent huge mountains of light Yet to affirm that the Sea burns would be reputed by the common Proverb no better then a plain lye So false is it that light is always the cause of heat and proceedeth only from such bodies as are of a hot nature which I could yet further amplifie by experience that I have made in Reflections it being certain that Spherical Concaves or Parabolical Sections will as sensibly reflect the actual cold of Snow or Ice as it will the heat of the Sun Wherefore if Cold may accompany the reflected Light why not the original Light it self Neither do I desire herein my bare word to go for payment but do further remit him that shall call this in doubt unto his own practise and the Testimonies of Maginus who in the Representations of his Glass sent to the Emperor doth confirm the same in these words Species esse sensu tactus perceptibilis ut apparet ex lumine candelae item ex nive glacie infrigidante per suam imaginem remotè admodum And my self have often made the like tryal of the full Moon which nevertheless is reflected without any heat at all that sense can perceive notwithstanding that the same Glass doth sensibly reverberate heat with the light of a small candle and reflecteth the beams of the Sun with that force that it inflameth all combustible matter in an instant and causeth Lead to run Whereunto then may it be imputed that the Moon shining with her borrowed light doth not sensibly warm as well when it is projected from the Sun Will they answer that the Suns light is debilited by reflection from the Moon But if they maintain heat always to accompany light then this is no answer And though I should yield that it may weaken the heat also and cause calefaction in a lesser degree yet this doth not satisfie how so glorious a Light as the full Moon doth yield especially in Winter should be deprived of all heat when the same is collected re-united and multiplied again in which case as well all Beams are as well strengthened by reflection as weakened without his help Add hereunto that the greatest Frosts happen in the fairest Moon-shine nights which proveth Cold to accompany her light VVherefore I rather affirm this to be another notable Argument proving Light of an indifferent nature neither hot nor cold of it self but to participate of the quality of the star or other body from whence it is reflected seeing the same light which from the Sun causeth heat hath no such quality reflected from the Moon but rather the contrary and divers from it the force thereof chiefly shewing it self in cold and moisture But if Keplers opinion were true that Cold were nothing but a meer Privation this could not be and therefore leaving that which hath been already alledged to the Judgment of the learned I hold it very material according to the order formerly propounded to prove next That Cold is a positive quality CHAP. IX Cold a positive quality as well as Heat ANd first I demand of Kepler or any that maintaineth his Opinion if Cold be ascribed to nothing but privation of Heat by the Suns long absence how it cometh to pass that one VVinter doth far exceed another in extremity of Cold Will he answer that the Sun is more remote or longer absent from us one year then another It were too ridiculous knowing that the Sun hath his limits prescribed which he never did transgress neither can without violating the Law of Nature The uniform course of the Sun therefore can be no cause of this variety of one year from another Neither if it be well considered can Privation be any cause of Cold at all For seeing Privation is no nature in Being but only an imaginary noncens how can that which is not have any action ascribed unto it Such a cold therefore could not refrigerate and so in truth can be no cold at all But on the contrary we see that Cold is such a quality as actually constringeth Hail Snow Frost and other congealed Meteors it condenseth the flowing Superficies of the Water into a firm glassie Substance it chilleth the Blood and benumeth the Sense with the extremity thereof And to be short through the real existence of this quality in any Subject we see it giveth the same denomination of Cold and that the Sense is able to judg it so But it were absurd to say we could feel that which is not and against all Reason and Philosophy to ascribe these effects unto such a thing as resteth only in imagination but hath no Being in Nature Wherefore this Error in this Point is as palpable as the Cold it self And to add somewhat more unto that which I have already said I see not how this can be admit●ed except we will further reduce Pha●etons world again For if there be no positive nature to moderate and resist the multiplyed heat of the stars it cannot be but in continuance of time all the whole frame of the world must be set on fire For so long as the stars shine they still affirm succeeding heat to descend with their light whereupon it doth necessarily follow that if there be no positive nature to refrigerate all must needs be inflamed They must therefore first remove the Sun and Stars out of Heaven before they can establish their vain Cold by absence and privation of Heat Which were it granted unto them see further how whilst they avoyd Scylla they fall into Charybdis For as on the one side Privation being a meer Negative hath no action and therefore as hath been proved cannot moderate the heat conceived in Summer So on the other side suppose Cold once induced into the world by privation of Heat and it will be as

and challenged Antiquity to himself is here put down by the brightness of this new Light And further as the Sun Metaphorically representeth Kings and Magistrates and Nobility in Astrologie are resembled to the Planets about the Sun So the fixed Stars are compared to the People and Commons amongst whom some excel others and therefore whether there be a new Democraty or Aristocraty of the Church and Common-wealth founded while the Sun suffereth his light to be obscured by the ☽ or whether the Gospel often by the Scriptures resembled to the Sun shall suffer an Eclipse I take not upon me to decide But this I verily believe as far as I can look into it with any probable guess that since the beginning of this great Conjunction there hath been many Treaties of Peace over all the parts of the World both between us and the French the Lowcountry-men and the Spaniard and also between the Emperor Turks and Hungarians all which are concluded saving the Peace between the Low-countries and Spain So you shall see if I be not deceived that Treaty will break off and by that means the Wars be renewed the King of Spain utterly beaten out of his Indies and the Gospel propagated unto the Southern parts For to what other end is this new Star Perpendicular to the Indian Seas and to the best part of America To what end also though Mars seemeth in the Eclipse in respect of his Position as also in the great Conjunction in respect of his Latitude directed is he notwithstanding both in the figure of the great Conjunction elevated above all the Planets while Saturn and Iupiter are in pessimo loco and in the figure of the Eclipse as your self materially noted in imperante gradu signo over the place Eclipsed Besides you aptly note the dissembling and treacherous ⚹ of Saturn in 12. loco to the place Eclipsed together with the hostile and exact Irradiation of Iupiter to the same I speak not these things as if I pronounced them Ab Apollinis Tripode but as I compare the likelihood of future accidents by the state of things present as they have any allusion to the apparition of the heavenly bodies All which I submit to your grave Censure And so craving pardon for my tediousness and not doubting your good acceptance of my good will I commend my love unfeignedly and rest Yours most assured Christopher Heydon April 2. 1608. FINIS lib. 2. cap. 8 Continuance of operation what difference it causes between the temperature of Summer and winter Union of Beams what it causeth Quantity of Beams Crassitude of the Air The depth of Vaporous Air wherein we live In fundam Astrolog Thes. 12 19. Exercitat 75. Heat or Hotness defined Light defined or rather lightsomness Light in many natural Bodies which yet be actually cold Cold accompanieth reflected Light The light of the Moon not to be hot found by reflexion Privation can be no cause of Cold Wherein the Elements differ essentially Arist. li 1. Met. cap. 4. Zabar li 1. de qualit Element cap. 2. Tolet. 2. de gen. cor. 2. q. 1. p. 309. Scalig. exer. 18. Form admitteth not of intention and remission Axi. But Heat and Cold are intended and remitted in the Elements Ergo these qualities are not formally in the Elements Absurdi●● following upon admitting the first qualities to be formally or essentially in the Elements Alteration in Heaven by experience exemplified as well as by Reason confirmed Lib. 1. ca 10. By reason of the immense distance of Heaven the alterations there not sensible The second Reason shewing that the admitting of the Stars to produce the first qualities doth not necessarily induce alteration in themselvs The third Reason granting the heavenly Bodies to be actually hot or cold yet without mutual action or Passion by reason of the Preogative of the matter The first Reason drawn from the sympathy of these inferior thing● with the Parts of Heaven The second Reason borrowed from Valesius de sacra Philosophia The third Reason from the definition of a Star according to Aristotle Li. Almagesti Li. de Nova Stell● ca. 10. Lerius ca. 4 Lib. 2. de Nat. Novi orbis ca. 3. pag. 85. in editione Collon Agrip. p. 68. Our sharp●st Winters by Saturns Position when he is in Perigaeo Excentrici Epicycli viz. in the end of II confirmed by demonstration experience Li. 1. Prop. 17. Ann. 1441. a sharp Winter Ann. 1591. the like A direct Planet longer above the Horizon then a retrograde which is the reason why Retrogradation is reputed a Debility in respect of it self Application by Retrogradation violent In what respect a Planet shal double and treble his efficacy beyond that which a direct Planet c●n The Reason why Parallolism is so effectual Paralelism why most effectual neerest the Tropicks The fixed stars cause no new alteration and why In what cases the fixed Stars do cause alterations How the nature and virtue of the fixed Stars is found The Ancients in their predictions much guided by the rising and setting of the Stars Com. in Arat. Which is the True Ptolomy de syderum inerra●t significationibus Li. 2. ca. 12 The apparent risings settings of the fixed Stars necessary to the particular Intensions Remissions of the Weather The ancient Astronomers only regarded the apparent risings settings The Error of our Prognosticators The Reason why the same day is not alike in several Horizons The Reason why the apparent risings and settings are most regarded Borrowed light the reason why the effects of Emersions and Occultations are for the most part moist The reason why Ptolomy regardath not the apparent risings settings of all the Stars How many fixed Stars Ptolomy regarded and why I fall short of Ptolomy In what respects the precedent rules of intension and romission come neerer the nature of Matter then this now to be handled The Configurations of the Stars savour nothing of Matter but only of Form and therefore to be preferred before all other Causes Li. 5. Pro. 22. Nature hath as it were first alured us to observe the Aspects by special tokens or secret marks in the Motions Li. 2. ca. 17. The Reason why the year 1588. was reputed so fatal The aspects confirmed by their effects The Signs whereof the Aspects consist the only aliquate parts of a Circle The Subtenses of the Aspect proportionable to the diameter of the World Li. 1. ca. 12. lege Cardane Comentar The Subtenses of those Arks which are proper to the aspects joyned together only take upcircumference of the Zodiack The Angles of the Aspects viz. the △ □ ⚹ the same wherewith the aforesaid ordinate plains ocupy place about a Point and therefore do proportionably also take up the Center of the World The first Reason why these few Configurations are more effectual then others which be infinite being drawn from the harmonical proportion Ptolomy in Catoptricis How the Proportions which the aforesaid Irradiations retain in respect of themselves answer the Concords in Musick Diapente Diatessaron Diapason the 3 perfect Concords Diapente Diatessaron are parts of a Diapason Diapason severally compared with each of his parts makes up the 2 other compounded or imperfect Concords viz. Diapason cum Diapente a Triple Diapason cum Diatessaron a Quadruple or Bis Diapason The Angles which the Aspects do make at the Earth are proved proportionable to the Concords in Musick The first Figure proveth the 3 Concords to have 3 perfect Aspects The second sheweth the ⚹ to be an imperfect Aspect agreeable to Diapente cum Diapason that is a triple proportion as 60. is to 80. B flat why after a sort a perfect Concord so by the same Reason why a ⚹ may be admitted a perfect Aspect New Aspects after handled Keplers Reason why the foresaid harmonical proportions are so effectual drawnfrom the Symmetry of the World being the same that is found between the 5 Regular Bodies inscribed one within another Why Keplers opinion fully leaveth me unsatisfied A second Reason why these Aspects are so effectual and first of the ☌ ☍ whose virtue proceedeth chiefly from Union of Beams In what case the Union of two Stars in ☌ and ☍ is hindered The ☌ of Venus and Mercury not so effectual in Apogaeo Epicycli as in Perigaeo Union by Reflection between the ⚹ and △ demonstrated and the familiarity of these points of Heaven mentioned by Prolomy declared The Reason of the efficacy of the □ not depending upon Reflection or Union The third Reason why these aforesaid trradiations are of such virtue proved to depend upon their proportionable taking up of the Center of the World by their Angles whereby they must needs shine upon all Elementary matter with a due and even mixture of light influence The Reason why any 2 Stars in Configuration shall take up all elementary matter at the Center with proportionable Angles made by their Beams incident reflected or opposite Three new Aspects viz. the Quintile Biquintile Sesquiquadrate added by Kepler and the Reason which drew him to this Observation so making 8 Aspects in all answerable to so many divisions of a Monochord

them more lifted up above the superficies of the Earth then 236. perches Wherefore admitting G F which is the part of the Perpendicular line that penetrateth the gross Air to be three miles and F C the semidiamiter of the Earth to be 3436 miles and the Summer and Winter heights as before it will be manifest by supputation that whereas K F shall pierce but four miles or thereabouts M F shall pass twelve and somewhat more So that the opposition and impediment which the Sun-beams do suffer in Winter is triple to that which they feel in their Summer passage and doth therefore weaken the Suns force in that preparation And being added to the rest of the causes before specified doth demonstratively prove all together considered that the heat in Summer excelleth that which we receive in Winter in proportion as 144. is to 1. In explaining whereof I have been the more curious because that which is here demonstrated concerning the Suns apparition is likewise to be applyed to the rest of the Planets which moving under the same Circle that the Sun doth shall receive the like addition or abatement of force and therefore of singular moment to be observed in all Judgments CHAP. VI Why the ending of July and beginning of August is the hottest time of Summer and so likewise the ending of January and beginning of February the coldest time of Winter BUt we must further consider that although these four causes are most evident upon the very Solstitial days yet it is not always of necessity that upon them we always feel the greatest heat or cold But there is yet another general cause to be added which in respect of it self doth commonly aggravate the bitterness of Winter about the beginning of February The Reason whereof Kepler doth resolutely ascribe to Privation onely with Cardan further denying Cold to be a positive quality and with him Picus that any specifical vertue doth descend unto us from Heaven besides Light and Heat and therefore saith that the Air Water and Earth being naturally destitute of Heat as they are material and thick Bodies are neither ●uddenly warmed nor suddenly cold but conceiving Heat in June when the ●un is at the highest do accumulate it ●nto the Heat of July and August after the same manner and for the same Rea●on that the heat of the day in the after●oon is greater then at high noon until the Sun after his declining by degrees ●rom us doth also by little little withdraw his heat from these Elements which ●hen return to their former Nature and ●o necessarily admit Cold in the absence ●f Heat which still prevaileth more and more by the Suns long discontinuance ●rom us until after February be past ●e begin to recover some part of his ●orce again CHAP. VII The method set down which is observed in refelling Kepler WHereunto because it concerneth the very Foundation of Astrologie I must crave leave to answer not doubting but if I can demonstrate that both Cold and all the rest of the first qualities do proceed essentially from Heaven and are onely to be found by accident in the Elements that this will give the Reader who before stood in doubt good satisfaction And the better to clear this point I will first shew that Heat is neither essential to the Light nor so inseparably united unto it but that they are and may be severed as diverse in Nature whereby it will likewise follow that the rest of the qualities may concur with Light as well as Heat This done I will secondly make it plain that Cold is no privation but a positive quality and that neither it nor the rest of the qualities can originally be referred to the Elements but of consequence to Heaven yea and that without any incongruity in Philosophy whatsoever the Peripateticks and their followers have heretofore thought Which thus premised the Reader shall be the better prepared to believe both that this common Intension in February is to be ascribed as Astrologie teacheth partly to those parts of Heaven which the Sun doth then pass by partly to such Constellations as do then rise and set and also the better to conceive how the Intensions Remissions of every season may grow by the particular passions of the Planets and the rest of the Stars and not from naked Privation as Kepler would have it CHAP. VIII Other qualities concomitate Light as well as Heat ANd now to prosecute these things in order First I affirm That although we see Heat and Light to descend joyntly with the Beams of the Sun yet it doth not concomitate the light of all the Stars for that heat is neither the substance of the light for assertion whereof Scaliger justly reprehendeth Cardane nor more to be confounded with light then sight then sight is to be confounded with touch whereof Light and Heat are proper Objects For as we cannot feel the Light nor see the Heat so those Senses which are not always joyntly exercised together as we see and not feel and feel and not see do teach us that Light and Heat are divers qualities and both in reason and nature may be conceived to subsist the one without the other This will best appear by the diffinition of both which evermore expresseth the nature of the thing in question Forasmuch therefore as Heat is that quality which doth congregate homogeneal things and separate those that are heterogeneal which agreeeth not to the property of the Light which is brought unto us by the Beams of the Stars the same being defined according to Alhazen and Vitellio to be only The Species or Image of the inherent Light of the Sun or Star from whence it is sent There is nothing more evident then that that Heat which is conveyed unto us with the beams of the Sun is of a divers nature from the light thereof For both Sence and Experience do prove That Heat is no Image or similitude but a real and active quality which how it should subsist in an Image as in the subject or how Light should subsist in Heat being likewise an accidental quality are difficulties which in my judgment will not easily be answered except we can prove that one accident may be the subject of another which is against all Philosophy This then alone although it doth sufficiently prove that Light and Heat are two divers qualities yet to make it more apparent dayly observation doth shew That one may be and remain in the absence of the other as we see in Attrition where Heat is excited without Light and so we may exclude the Light when nevertheless the heat of the Sun shall remain And though the Earth and the rest of the Elements retein the impression of the former day yet doth neither the Earth Air or Water shine after the Sun is set Wherefore if Heat may thus exist and be separated from the light and it be also true as before hath been shewed

and seemed to move by little and little unto the center of his Globe And whereunto shall we refer the illumination and extinguishing of the Comets and new Stars which in this our age have been observed to flame in Heaven it self Do they not all demonstratively prove generation and corruption in Heaven True it is that by reason of our remote distance from the heavenly Spheres we cannot by sense attain to every particular alteration which hapneth there And therefore Aristotle neither being acquainted with the Worlds Creation nor in former ages finding any alteration in Heaven but still receiving by tradition that the Planets the fixed Stars their motions and the medium in which they are remained the same while in the mean time the Earth and Elements are dayly subject unto divers changes familiar to our eyes concludeth from Experience Heaven to be priviledged from almutation but the Elements to be obnoxious thereunto But could either Aristotle be informed that now this latte● age more diligent then the former hat● observed new bodies in Heaven or were it possible that our mortal eyes might from the Heavens behold the Earth as now from the Earth we behold them I verily am perswaded that both the Philosopher would change his opinion and that we should from Heaven behold as little alteration in the Globe of the Earth as now we observe in Heaven He that listeth to read more of this matter let him peruse Kepler himself cap. 23. de Nova Stella where he doth purposely treat of this Subject and proveth by five particular Reasons That the matter of Heaven is alterable Which if it be true then is their Argument from the consequence of alteration of no force against the first qualities in Heaven but rather to be retorted upon themselves in this manner That because there is a generation and alteration demonstratively observed ergo the first qualities may likewise be affirmed there as fit Instruments of these Mutations But nevertheless leaving this Doctrine in suspence because it is new Yet is not our Cause so needy but that I dare otherwise undertake to prove the Consequent of the Reason to be false for that the Stars may very well be justified to have divers and contrary virtues without admitting any passion in the heavenly Bodies For Astra agere quod in seipsis non est is no rare Maxim among the learned some of whom use this distinction between the differing manner of these qualities in the Stars otherwise then in the Elements by supposing them in the first only effective and in the latter subjective Because as they will have it the Stars are not actually hot or cold but virtualiter that is they have a certain power to produce Heat and Cold and the rest of the qualities in the other bodies out of themselves which nevertheless are not in themselves But for mine own part I freely confess not well to conceive this subtilty though it be Scaligers how the Sun not being habitually hot yet nevertheless can burn Rather to go more directly to the work I hold the efficacy of the Stars to proceed from that natural virtue which is originally inherent in themselves which notwithstanding shall never the more subject these excellent Bodies to alteration For as the Load-stone more precious then any Diamond hath in many points a singular affinity with Heaven so it doth not fail to lend us a most lively example how contraries may be found in the same natural body without destruction thereof For what can be more contrary then attraction repulsion Yet if the Needle be touched with the North Pole of the Load-stone it is certain that as that part will attract the same so the contrary Pole or End will make it fly away yet without any danger or passion in the stone it self Why should we not therefore believe that as Heaven is far more excellent then these sublunary Bodies so it should be endowed with all the virtues which are found here beneath in a far more excellent manner and without any prejudice to the purity of the matter whereof it consisteth For if the Matter be not proportioned unto the power of the Agent no effect can follow But even by the Doctrine of the Peripateticks such is the matter of Heaven consisting of a simple and fift essence free from all passion ergo although we do admit contrary qualities to flow from the Stars yet shall this work no alteration because the matter of Heaven is not an apt subject for this purpose And for this Reason we may not consider these qualities as they are found in the Elements or mixt Bodies whose matter is passive but rather as they are inherent in a simple and pure essence priviledged from corruption being for this cause called by Aristotle agentes {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} thereby to distinguish them from those inferior things which are mutually subject to action and passion because they consist of elementary matter I doubt not therefore but by this which hath been said it doth sufficiently appear That in this Controversie between the Stars and the Elements these celestial and pure Lights have obtained priority as first indued by God with natural power by their motion Light and secret influence to excite and stir up Heat Cold Moisture and Siccity in these sublunary Bodies subordinate unto them according to their several virtues CHAP. XII The Cause why the Cold in Winter is greatest in February proved to proceed from the different Points of Heaven whose diversity is shewed WHerefore now to return from whence I digressed Having thus prepared the way I may the more boldly proceed and with better assurance according to the Rules of Astrologie ascribe this increase of Cold which commonly hapneth about February partly unto the complexion of that Sign which the Sun then passeth partly to the apparent rising and setting of those Constellations which ordinarily agree to this moneth And first concerning that part of Heaven which the Sun then holdeth we are to know that it is the Dominion of Saturn whose influence excelleth in exciting Cold as in that which follows I hope infallibly to demonstrate the same being diametrically opposite unto the Royal Pallace of the Sun which alone to those that repose in the principles delivered by Astrologers is sufficient Reason in this case But if any there be that doth doubt thereof and whether the matter of Heaven may admit variety as well as the Stars I doubt not but to satisfie him also partly by Reason partly by undoubted Exper●ence For first whereas we see the forms of divers things in this sublunary world apparantly to consent both with certain Stars and with the particular Regions of Heaven Reason teacheth us that this can proceed from no other probable cause in Nature then from the sympathy or agreeable temperature of their Substances And that one or two examples may stand for many we see the North part of Heaven particularly