produce_v it_o inevitable_o to_o these_o proof_n he_o answer_v nothing_o but_o only_o by_o deny_v the_o first_o consequence_n as_o he_o call_v it_o and_o then_o sing_v over_o his_o old_a song_n that_o the_o nature_n of_o sin_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o action_n proceed_v from_o our_o will_n and_o be_v against_o the_o law_n which_o in_o our_o sense_n be_v most_o true_a if_o he_o understand_v a_o just_a law_n and_o a_o free_a rational_a will_n but_o suppose_v as_o he_o do_v that_o the_o law_n injoine_v thing_n impossible_a in_o themselves_o to_o be_v do_v than_o it_o be_v a_o unjust_a and_o tyrannical_a law_n and_o the_o transgression_n of_o it_o be_v no_o sin_n not_o to_o do_v that_o which_o never_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o do_v and_o suppose_v likewise_o as_o he_o do_v that_o the_o will_n be_v inevitable_o determine_v by_o special_a influence_n from_o the_o first_o cause_n than_o it_o be_v not_o man_n will_n but_o god_n will_v and_o flow_v essential_o from_o the_o law_n of_o goodness_n that_o which_o he_o add_v of_o a_o judge_n be_v altogether_o impertinent_a as_o to_o his_o defence_n neither_o be_v a_o civil_a judge_n the_o proper_a judge_n nor_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o proper_a rule_n of_o sin_n but_o it_o make_v strong_o against_o he_o for_o the_o judge_n go_v upon_o a_o good_a ground_n and_o even_o this_o which_o he_o confess_v that_o the_o judge_n look_v at_o no_o high_a cause_n than_o the_o will_n of_o the_o doer_n prove_v that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o doer_n do_v determine_v itself_o free_o and_o that_o the_o malefactor_n have_v liberty_n to_o have_v keep_v the_o law_n if_o he_o will_v certain_o a_o judge_n ought_v to_o look_v at_o all_o material_a circumstance_n and_o much_o more_o at_o all_o essential_a cause_n whether_o every_o sufficient_a cause_n be_v a_o necessary_a cause_n will_v come_v to_o be_v examine_v more_o proper_o numb_a 31._o for_o the_o present_a it_o shall_v suffice_v to_o say_v that_o liberty_n flow_v from_o the_o sufficiency_n and_o contingency_n from_o the_o debility_n of_o the_o cause_n nature_n never_o intend_v the_o generation_n of_o a_o monster_n if_o all_o the_o cause_n concur_v sufficient_o a_o perfect_a creature_n be_v produce_v but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o insufficiency_n or_o debility_n or_o contingent_a aberration_n of_o some_o of_o the_o cause_n sometime_o a_o monster_n be_v produce_v yet_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o monster_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o production_n of_o that_o which_o be_v produce_v that_o be_v a_o monster_n otherwise_o a_o monster_n have_v not_o be_v produce_v what_o be_v it_o then_o a_o monster_n be_v not_o produce_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o order_n which_o be_v set_v in_o nature_n but_o by_o the_o contingent_a aberration_n of_o some_o of_o the_o natural_a cause_n in_o their_o concurrence_n the_o order_n set_v in_o nature_n be_v that_o every_o like_a shall_v beget_v its_o like_a but_o suppose_v the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o be_v such_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o a_o monster_n the_o generation_n of_o a_o monster_n be_v necessary_a as_o all_o the_o event_n in_o the_o world_n be_v when_o they_o be_v that_o be_v by_o a_o hypotheticall_a necessity_n then_o he_o betake_v himself_o to_o his_o old_a help_n that_o god_n may_v punish_v by_o right_a of_o omnipotence_n though_o there_o be_v no_o sin_n the_o question_n be_v not_o now_o what_o god_n may_v do_v but_o what_o god_n will_v do_v according_a to_o that_o covenant_n which_o he_o have_v make_v with_o man_n fac_n hoc_fw-la &_o vives_fw-la do_v this_o and_o thou_o shall_v live_v whether_o god_n do_v punish_v any_o man_n contrary_a to_o this_o covenant_n hosea_n 13.9_o o_o israel_n thy_o destruction_n be_v from_o thyself_o but_o in_o i_o be_v thy_o help_n he_o that_o will_v not_o the_o death_n of_o a_o sinner_n do_v much_o less_o will_v the_o death_n of_o a_o innocent_a creature_n by_o death_n or_o destruction_n in_o this_o discourse_n the_o only_a separation_n of_o soul_n and_o body_n be_v not_o intend_v which_o be_v a_o debt_n of_o nature_n and_o which_o god_n as_o lord_n of_o life_n and_o death_n may_v just_o do_v and_o make_v it_o not_o a_o punishment_n but_o a_o blessing_n to_o the_o party_n but_o we_o understand_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o creature_n to_o eternal_a torment_n last_o he_o tell_v of_o that_o benenefit_n which_o redound_v to_o other_o from_o exemplary_a justice_n which_o be_v most_o true_a but_o not_o according_a to_o his_o own_o ground_n for_o neither_o be_v it_o justice_n to_o punish_v a_o man_n for_o do_v that_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a always_o for_o he_o not_o to_o do_v neither_o be_v it_o lawful_a to_o punish_v a_o innocent_a person_n that_o good_a may_v come_v of_o it_o and_o if_o his_o opinion_n of_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v true_a the_o destiny_n of_o man_n can_v not_o be_v alter_v either_o by_o example_n or_o fear_n of_o punishment_n numb_a 18._o j._n d._n but_o the_o patron_n of_o necessity_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o plain_a field_n with_o reason_n have_v certain_a retreat_n or_o distinction_n which_o they_o fly_v unto_o for_o refuge_n first_o they_o distinguish_v between_o stoical_a necessity_n and_o christian_a necessity_n between_o which_o they_o make_v a_o threefold_a difference_n first_o say_v they_o the_o stoic_n do_v subject_a jupiter_n to_o destiny_n but_o we_o subject_a destiny_n to_o god_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o stoical_a and_o christian_a destiny_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o fatum_fw-la quasi_fw-la effatum_fw-la jovis_n hear_v seneca_n destiny_n be_v the_o necessity_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o action_n depend_v upon_o the_o disposition_n of_o jupiter_n etc._n etc._n i_o add_v that_o the_o stoic_n leave_v a_o great_a liberty_n to_o jupiter_n over_o destiny_n than_o these_o stoical_a christian_n do_v to_o god_n over_o his_o decree_n either_o for_o the_o beginning_n of_o thing_n as_o euripides_n or_o for_o the_o progress_n of_o of_o they_o as_o chrysippus_n or_o at_o least_o of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n and_o place_n as_o all_o of_o they_o general_o so_o virgil_n sed_fw-la trahere_fw-la &_o moras_fw-la ducere_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o osiris_n in_o apuleius_n promise_v he_o to_o prolong_v his_o life_n ultra_fw-la fato_fw-la constituta_fw-la tempora_fw-la beyond_o the_o time_n set_v down_o by_o the_o destiny_n next_o they_o say_v that_o the_o stoic_n do_v hold_v a_o eternal_a flux_n and_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o cause_n but_o they_o believe_v that_o god_n do_v act_n praeter_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la naturam_fw-la beside_o and_o against_o nature_n i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o much_o material_a whether_o they_o attribute_v necessity_n to_o god_n or_o to_o the_o star_n or_o to_o a_o connexion_n of_o cause_n so_o as_o they_o establish_v necessity_n the_o former_a reason_n do_v not_o only_o condemn_v the_o ground_n or_o foundation_n of_o necessity_n but_o much_o more_o necessity_n itself_o upon_o what_o ground_n soever_o either_o they_o must_v run_v into_o this_o absurdity_n that_o the_o effect_n be_v determine_v the_o cause_n remain_v undetermined_a or_o else_o hold_v such_o a_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o cause_n as_o the_o stoic_n do_v last_o they_o say_v the_o stoic_n do_v take_v away_o liberty_n and_o contingence_n but_o they_o admit_v it_o i_o answer_v what_o liberty_n or_o contingence_n be_v it_o they_o admit_v but_o a_o titular_a liberty_n and_o a_o empty_a shadow_n of_o contingence_n who_o do_v profess_v stiff_o that_o all_o action_n and_o event_n which_o either_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v can_v but_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v otherwise_o after_o any_o other_o manner_n in_o any_o other_o place_n time_n number_n order_n measure_n nor_o to_o any_o other_o end_n than_o they_o be_v and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o god_n determine_v they_o to_o one_o what_o a_o poor_a ridiculous_a liberty_n or_o contingence_n be_v this_o second_o they_o distinguish_v between_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o the_o second_o cause_n they_o say_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n many_o thing_n be_v free_a but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n all_o thing_n be_v necessary_a this_o answer_n may_v be_v take_v away_o two_o way_n first_o so_o contrary_n shall_v be_v true_a together_o the_o same_o thing_n at_o the_o same_o time_n shall_v be_v determine_v to_o one_o and_o not_o determine_v to_o one_o the_o same_o thing_n at_o the_o same_o time_n must_v necessary_o be_v and_o yet_o may_v not_o be_v perhaps_o they_o will_v say_v not_o in_o the_o same_o respect_n but_o that_o which_o strike_v at_o the_o root_n of_o this_o question_n be_v this_o if_o all_o the_o cause_n be_v only_o collateral_a this_o exception_n may_v have_v some_o colour_n but_o where_o all_o the_o cause_n be_v join_v together_o and_o subordinate_a one_o to_o another_o do_v make_v but_o one_o total_a
for_o help_v and_o do_v what_o he_o can_v to_o defend_v himself_o but_o all_o will_v not_o serve_v the_o servant_n be_v innocent_a if_o he_o be_v to_o be_v try_v before_o a_o court_n of_o areopagite_n or_o suppose_v the_o ruffian_n do_v not_o take_v it_o from_o he_o by_o force_n but_o draw_v their_o sword_n and_o threaten_v to_o kill_v he_o except_o he_o deliver_v it_o himself_o no_o wise_a man_n will_v conceive_v that_o it_o be_v either_o the_o master_n intention_n or_o the_o servant_n duty_n to_o hazard_v his_o life_n or_o his_o limb_n for_o save_v of_o such_o a_o trifle_a sum_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n suppose_v this_o servant_n pass_v by_o some_o cabaret_fw-la or_o tennis-court_n where_o his_o camerad_n be_v drink_v or_o play_v shall_v stay_v with_o they_o and_o drink_v or_o play_v away_o his_o money_n and_o afterward_o plead_v as_o t._n h._n do_v here_o that_o he_o be_v overcome_v by_o the_o mere_a strength_n of_o temptation_n i_o trow_v neither_o t._n h._n nor_o any_o man_n else_o will_v admit_v of_o this_o excuse_n but_o punish_v he_o for_o it_o because_o neither_o be_v he_o necessitate_v by_o the_o temptation_n and_o what_o strength_n it_o have_v be_v by_o his_o own_o fault_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o vicious_a habit_n which_o he_o have_v contract_v of_o drink_v or_o game_n jam._n 1_o 14._o every_o man_n be_v tempt_v when_o he_o be_v draw_v away_o of_o his_o own_o lust_n and_o entice_v disorder_v passion_n of_o anger_n hatred_n lust_n if_o they_o be_v consequent_a as_o the_o case_n be_v here_o put_v by_o t._n h._n and_o flow_v from_o deliberation_n and_o election_n they_o do_v not_o only_o not_o diminish_v the_o fault_n but_o they_o aggravate_v it_o and_o render_v it_o much_o great_a he_o talk_v much_o of_o the_o motive_n to_o do_v and_o the_o motive_n to_o forbear_v how_o they_o work_v upon_o and_o determine_v a_o man_n as_o if_o a_o reasonable_a man_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o tennis-ball_n to_o be_v toss_v to_o and_o fro_o by_o the_o rackett_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n as_o if_o the_o will_n have_v no_o power_n to_o move_v itself_o but_o be_v mere_o passive_a like_o a_o artificial_a popingay_n remoove_v hither_o and_o thither_o by_o the_o bolt_n of_o the_o archer_n who_o shoot_v on_o this_o side_n and_o on_o that_o what_o be_v motive_n but_o reason_n or_o discourse_n frame_v by_o the_o understanding_n and_o free_o move_v by_o the_o will_n what_o be_v the_o will_n and_o the_o understanding_n but_o faculty_n of_o the_o same_o soul_n and_o what_o be_v liberty_n but_o a_o power_n result_v from_o they_o both_o to_o say_v that_o the_o will_n be_v determine_v by_o these_o motive_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v that_o the_o agent_n be_v determine_v by_o himself_o if_o there_o be_v no_o necessitation_n before_o the_o judgement_n of_o right_a reason_n do_v dictate_v to_o the_o will_n than_o there_o be_v no_o antecedent_n no_o extrinsecall_a necessitation_n at_o all_o all_o the_o world_n know_v that_o when_o the_o agent_n be_v determine_v by_o himself_o than_o the_o effect_n be_v determine_v likewise_o in_o its_o cause_n but_o if_o he_o determine_v himself_o free_o than_o the_o effect_n be_v free_a motive_n determine_v not_o natural_o but_o moral_o which_o kind_n of_o determination_n may_v consist_v with_o true_a liberty_n but_o if_o t._n h._n his_o opinion_n be_v true_a that_o the_o will_n be_v natural_o determine_v by_o the_o physical_a and_o special_a influence_n of_o extrinsecall_a cause_n not_o only_o motive_n be_v vain_a but_o reason_n itself_o and_o deliberation_n be_v vain_a no_o say_v he_o they_o be_v not_o vain_a because_o they_o be_v the_o mean_n yes_o if_o the_o mean_n be_v superfluous_a they_o be_v vain_a what_o need_v such_o a_o circuit_n of_o deliberation_n to_o advise_v what_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v do_v when_o it_o be_v already_o determine_v extrinsecal_o what_o must_v be_v do_v he_o say_v that_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o true_a cause_n and_o their_o power_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o we_o ascribe_v the_o effect_n to_o liberty_n but_o when_o we_o serious_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o thing_n we_o acknowledge_v a_o necessity_n no_o such_o thing_n but_o just_a the_o contrary_n the_o more_o we_o consider_v and_o the_o clear_a we_o understand_v the_o great_a be_v the_o liberty_n and_o the_o more_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o liberty_n the_o less_o we_o consider_v and_o the_o more_o incapable_a that_o the_o understanding_n be_v the_o lesser_a be_v the_o liberty_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o consideration_n nor_o use_v of_o reason_n there_o be_v no_o liberty_n at_o all_o there_o be_v neither_o moral_a good_a nor_o evil_a some_o man_n by_o reason_n that_o their_o exterior_a sense_n be_v not_o total_o bind_v have_v a_o trick_n to_o walk_v in_o their_o sleep_n suppose_v such_o a_o one_o in_o that_o case_n shall_v cast_v himself_o down_o a_o pair_n of_o stair_n or_o from_o a_o bridge_n and_o break_v his_o neck_n or_o drown_v himself_o it_o be_v a_o mad_a jury_n that_o will_v find_v this_o man_n accessary_a to_o his_o own_o death_n why_o because_o it_o be_v not_o free_o do_v he_o have_v not_o then_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n last_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o will_n do_v choose_v of_o necessity_n as_o well_o as_o the_o fire_n burn_v of_o necessity_n if_o he_o intend_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o election_n be_v the_o proper_a and_o natural_a act_n of_o the_o will_n as_o burn_v be_v of_o the_o fire_n or_o that_o the_o elective_a power_n be_v as_o necessary_o in_o a_o man_n as_o visibility_n he_o speak_v true_o but_o most_o impertinent_o for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o now_o of_o the_o elective_a power_n in_o actu_fw-la primo_fw-la whether_o it_o be_v a_o essential_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n but_o whether_o the_o act_n of_o elect_v this_o or_o that_o particular_a object_n be_v free_a &_o undetermined_a by_o any_o antecedent_n and_o extrinsecall_v cause_n but_o if_o he_o intend_v it_o in_o this_o other_o sense_n that_o as_o the_o fire_n have_v no_o power_n to_o suspend_v its_o burn_a nor_o to_o distinguish_v between_o those_o combustible_a matter_n which_o be_v put_v unto_o it_o but_o burn_v that_o which_o be_v put_v unto_o it_o necessary_o if_o it_o be_v combustible_a so_o the_o will_n have_v no_o power_n to_o refuse_v that_o which_o it_o will_v nor_o to_o suspend_v its_o own_o appetite_n he_o err_v gross_o the_o will_n have_v power_n either_o to_o will_v or_o will_v or_o to_o suspend_v that_o be_v neither_o to_o will_v nor_o will_v the_o same_o object_n yet_o even_o the_o burn_n of_o the_o fire_n if_o it_o be_v consider_v as_o it_o be_v invest_v with_o all_o particular_a circumstance_n be_v not_o otherwise_o so_o necessary_a a_o action_n as_o t._n h._n imagine_v two_o thing_n be_v require_v to_o make_v a_o effect_n necessary_a first_o that_o it_o be_v produce_v by_o a_o necessary_a cause_n such_o as_o fire_n be_v second_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_o produce_v protagoras_n a_o atheist_n begin_v his_o book_n thus_o concern_v the_o god_n i_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v whether_o they_o be_v or_o they_o be_v not_o for_o which_o his_o book_n be_v condemn_v by_o the_o athenian_n to_o be_v burn_v the_o fire_n be_v a_o necessary_a agent_n but_o the_o sentence_n or_o the_o application_n of_o the_o fire_n to_o the_o book_n be_v a_o free_a act_n and_o therefore_o the_o burn_a of_o his_o book_n be_v free_a much_o more_o the_o rational_a will_n be_v free_a which_o be_v both_o a_o voluntary_a agent_n and_o act_n voluntary_o my_o second_o reason_n against_o this_o distinction_n of_o liberty_n from_o compulsion_n but_o not_o from_o necessitation_n be_v new_a and_o demonstrate_v clear_o that_o to_o necessitate_v the_o will_n by_o a_o physical_a necessity_n be_v to_o compel_v the_o will_n so_o far_o as_o the_o will_n be_v capable_a of_o compulsion_n and_o that_o he_o who_o do_v necessitate_v the_o will_n to_o evil_a after_o that_o manner_n be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o evil_a and_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v blame_v than_o the_o will_n itself_o but_o t._n h._n for_o all_o he_o say_v he_o be_v not_o surprise_v can_v be_v content_v upon_o better_a advice_n to_o steal_v by_o all_o this_o in_o silence_n and_o to_o hide_v this_o tergiversation_n from_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o reader_n he_o make_v a_o empty_a show_n of_o brave_v against_o that_o famous_a and_o most_o necessary_a distinction_n between_o the_o elicit_a and_o imperate_a act_n of_o the_o will_n first_o because_o the_o term_n be_v improper_a second_o because_o they_o be_v obscure_a what_o trivial_a and_o grammatical_a objection_n be_v these_o to_o be_v use_v against_o the_o universal_a currant_n of_o divine_n and_o philosopher_n verborum_fw-la ut_fw-la nummorum_fw-la it_o be_v in_o word_n as_o
interposition_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o the_o most_o certain_a occurrent_a in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o now_o that_o i_o have_v answer_v t._n h._n his_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o private_a conception_n of_o man_n concern_v the_o sense_n of_o word_n i_o desire_v he_o serious_o without_o prejudice_n to_o examine_v himself_o and_o those_o natural_a notion_n which_o he_o find_v in_o himself_o not_o of_o word_n but_o of_o thing_n these_o be_v from_o nature_n those_o be_v by_o imposition_n whether_o he_o do_v not_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o he_o do_v many_o thing_n which_o he_o may_v have_v leave_v undo_v if_o he_o will_v and_o omit_v many_o thing_n which_o he_o may_v have_v do_v if_o he_o will_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o something_n out_o of_o mere_a animosity_n and_o will_v without_o either_o regard_n to_o the_o direction_n of_o right_a reason_n or_o serious_a respect_n of_o what_o be_v honest_a or_o profitable_a only_o to_o show_v that_o he_o will_v have_v a_o dominion_n over_o his_o own_o action_n as_o we_o see_v ordinary_o in_o child_n and_o wise_a man_n find_v at_o some_o time_n in_o themselves_o by_o experience_n and_o i_o apprehend_v this_o very_a defence_n of_o necessity_n against_o liberty_n to_o be_v partly_o of_o that_o kind_n whether_o he_o be_v not_o angry_a with_o those_o who_o draw_v he_o from_o his_o study_n or_o cross_v he_o in_o his_o desire_n if_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o do_v it_o why_o shall_v he_o be_v angry_a with_o they_o any_o more_o than_o he_o be_v angry_a with_o a_o sharp_a winter_n or_o a_o rainy_a day_n that_o keep_v he_o at_o home_n against_o his_o antecedent_n will_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o sometime_o blame_v himself_o and_o say_v o_o what_o a_o fool_n be_v i_o to_o do_v thus_o and_o thus_o or_o wish_v to_o himself_o o_o that_o i_o have_v be_v wise_a or_o o_o that_o i_o have_v not_o do_v such_o a_o act_n if_o he_o have_v no_o dominion_n over_o his_o action_n if_o he_o be_v irresistible_o necessitate_v to_o all_o thing_n what_o he_o do_v he_o may_v as_o well_o wish_v o_o that_o i_o have_v not_o breathe_v or_o blame_v himself_o for_o grow_v old_a o_o what_o a_o fool_n be_v i_o to_o grow_v old_a numb_a 34._o t._n h._n for_o the_o seven_o point_n that_o all_o event_n have_v necessary_a cause_n it_o be_v there_o prove_v in_o that_o they_o have_v sufficient_a cause_n further_o let_v we_o in_o this_o place_n also_o suppose_v any_o event_n never_o so_o casual_a as_o for_o example_n the_o throw_a ames-ace_n upon_o a_o pair_n of_o dice_n and_o see_v if_o it_o must_v not_o have_v be_v necessary_a before_o it_o be_v throw_v for_o see_v it_o be_v throw_v it_o have_v a_o beginning_n and_o consequent_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o produce_v it_o consist_v partly_o in_o the_o dice_n partly_o in_o the_o outward_a thing_n as_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o party_n hand_n the_o measure_n of_o force_n apply_v by_o the_o caster_n the_o posture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o table_n and_o the_o like_a in_o sum_n there_o be_v nothing_o want_v that_o be_v necessary_o requisite_a to_o the_o produce_v of_o that_o particular_a cast_n and_o consequent_o that_o cast_v be_v necessary_o throw_v for_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v throw_v there_o have_v want_v somewhat_o requisite_a to_o the_o throw_v of_o it_o and_o so_o the_o cause_n have_v not_o be_v sufficient_a in_o the_o like_a manner_n it_o may_v be_v prove_v that_o every_o other_o accident_n how_o contingent_a soever_o it_o seem_v or_o how_o voluntary_a soever_o it_o be_v be_v produce_v necessary_o which_o be_v that_o j._n d._n dispute_v against_o the_o same_o also_o may_v be_v prove_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o case_n be_v put_v for_o example_n of_o the_o weather_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o to_o morrow_n it_o shall_v rain_v or_o not_o rain_v if_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a it_o shall_v rain_v it_o be_v necessary_a it_o shall_v not_o rain_v otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o proposition_n it_o shall_v rain_v or_o it_o shall_v not_o rain_v shall_v be_v true_a i_o know_v there_o be_v some_o that_o say_v it_o may_v necessary_o be_v true_a that_o one_o of_o the_o two_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v but_o not_o single_o that_o it_o shall_v rain_v or_o it_o shall_v not_o rain_v which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v one_o of_o they_o be_v necessary_a yet_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v necessary_a and_o therefore_o to_o seem_v to_o avoid_v that_o absurdity_n they_o make_v a_o distinction_n that_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v true_a determinatè_fw-fr but_o indeterminatè_fw-la which_o distinction_n either_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o this_o one_o of_o they_o be_v true_a but_o we_o know_v not_o which_o and_o so_o the_o necessity_n remain_v though_o we_o know_v it_o not_o or_o if_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o distinction_n be_v not_o that_o it_o have_v no_o meaning_n and_o they_o may_v as_o well_o have_v say_v one_o of_o they_o be_v true_a tytyrice_o but_o neither_o of_o they_o tupatulice_n j._n d._n his_o former_a proof_n that_o all_o sufficient_a cause_n be_v necessary_a cause_n be_v answer_v before_o numb_a 31._o and_o his_o two_o instance_n of_o cast_a ames-ace_n &_o rain_v to_o morrow_n be_v altogether_o impertinent_a to_o the_o question_n now_o agitate_a between_o we_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o our_o present_a controversy_n be_v concern_v free_a action_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o liberty_n of_o man_n will_n both_o his_o instance_n be_v of_o contingent_a action_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o indetermination_n or_o contingent_a concurrence_n of_o natural_a cause_n first_o that_o there_o be_v free_a action_n which_o proceed_v mere_o from_o election_n without_o any_o outward_a necessitation_n be_v a_o truth_n so_o evident_a as_o that_o there_o be_v a_o sun_n in_o the_o heaven_n and_o he_o that_o doubt_v of_o it_o may_v as_o well_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v a_o shell_n without_o the_o nut_n or_o a_o stone_n within_o the_o olive_n a_o man_n proportion_v his_o time_n each_o day_n and_o allot_v so_o much_o to_o his_o devotion_n so_o much_o to_o his_o study_n so_o much_o to_o his_o diet_n so_o much_o to_o his_o recreation_n so_o much_o to_o necessary_a or_o civil_a visit_n so_o much_o to_o his_o rest_n he_o who_o will_v seek_v for_o i_o know_v not_o what_o cause_v of_o all_o this_o without_o himself_o except_o that_o good_a god_n who_o have_v give_v he_o a_o reasonable_a soul_n may_v as_o well_o seek_v for_o a_o cause_n of_o the_o egyptian_a pyramid_n among_o the_o crocodile_n of_o nilus_n second_o for_o mix_a action_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o concurrence_n of_o free_a and_o natural_a agent_n though_o they_o be_v not_o free_a yet_o they_o be_v not_o necessary_a as_o to_o keep_v my_o former_a instance_n a_o man_n walk_v through_o a_o street_n of_o a_o city_n to_o do_v his_o occasion_n a_o tile_n fall_v from_o a_o house_n and_o break_v his_o head_n the_o break_n of_o his_o head_n be_v not_o necessary_a for_o he_o do_v free_o choose_v to_o go_v that_o way_n without_o any_o necessitation_n neither_o be_v it_o free_a for_o he_o do_v not_o deliberate_v of_o that_o accident_n therefore_o it_o be_v contingent_a and_o by_o undoubted_a consequence_n there_o be_v contingent_a action_n in_o the_o world_n which_o be_v not_o free_a most_o certain_o by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o free_a cause_n as_o god_n the_o good_a and_o bad_a angel_n and_o man_n with_o natural_a agent_n sometime_o on_o purpose_n and_o sometime_o by_o accident_n many_o event_n happen_v which_o otherwise_o have_v never_o happen_v many_o effect_n be_v produce_v which_o otherwise_o have_v never_o be_v produce_v and_o admit_v such_o thing_n to_o be_v contingent_a not_o necessary_a all_o their_o consequent_a effect_n not_o only_o immediate_a but_o mediate_v must_v likewise_o be_v contingent_a that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o as_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o a_o continue_a connexion_n and_o succession_n of_o necessary_a cause_n which_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o t._n h._n his_o opinion_n three_o for_o the_o action_n of_o bruit_n beast_n though_o they_o be_v not_o free_a though_o they_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n to_o restrain_v their_o appetite_n from_o that_o which_o be_v sensitive_o good_a by_o the_o consideration_n of_o what_o be_v rationaly_a good_a or_o what_o be_v honest_a and_o though_o their_o fancy_n be_v determine_v by_o nature_n to_o some_o kind_n of_o work_n yet_o to_o think_v that_o every_o individual_a action_n of_o they_o and_o each_o animal_n motion_n of_o they_o even_o to_o the_o least_o murmur_n or_o gesture_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o chain_n of_o unalterable_a necessity_n to_o the_o extrinsical_a cause_n or_o object_n i_o see_v no_o ground_n for_o it_o christ_n say_v one_o
of_o these_o sparrow_n do_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n without_o your_o heavenly_a father_n that_o be_v without_o a_o influence_n of_o power_n from_o he_o or_o exempt_v from_o his_o disposition_n he_o do_v not_o say_v which_o your_o heavenly_a father_n cast_v not_o down_o last_o for_o the_o natural_a action_n of_o inanimate_a creature_n wherein_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o concurrence_n of_o any_o free_a or_o voluntary_a agent_n the_o question_n be_v yet_o more_o doubtful_a for_o many_o thing_n be_v call_v contingent_a in_o respect_n of_o we_o because_o we_o know_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o which_o real_o &_o in_o themselves_o be_v not_o contingent_a but_o necessary_a also_o many_o thing_n be_v contingent_a in_o respect_n of_o one_o single_a cause_n either_o actual_o hinder_v or_o in_o possibility_n to_o be_v hinder_v which_o be_v necessary_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o joint_a concurrence_n of_o all_o collateral_a cause_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v a_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o all_o natural_a cause_n from_o the_o beginning_n so_o as_o they_o must_v all_o have_v concur_v as_o they_o have_v do_v &_o in_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o power_n &_o have_v be_v deficient_a as_o they_o have_v beme_fw-mi in_o all_o event_n whatsoever_o will_v require_v a_o further_a examination_n if_o it_o be_v pertinent_a to_o this_o question_n of_o liberty_n but_o it_o be_v not_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o my_o purpose_n to_o have_v show_v that_o all_o elective_a action_n be_v free_a from_o absolute_a necessity_n and_o moreover_o that_o the_o concurrence_n of_o voluntary_a and_o free_a agent_n with_o natural_a cause_n both_o upon_o purpose_n and_o accidental_o have_v help_v they_o to_o produce_v many_o effect_n which_o otherwise_o they_o have_v not_o produce_v and_o hinder_v they_o from_o produce_v many_o effect_n which_o otherwise_o they_o have_v produce_v and_o that_o if_o this_o inintervention_n of_o voluntary_a and_o free_a agent_n have_v be_v more_o frequent_a than_o it_o have_v be_v as_o without_o doubt_v it_o may_v have_v be_v many_o natural_a event_n have_v be_v otherwise_o than_o they_o be_v and_o therefore_o he_o may_v have_v spare_v his_o instance_n of_o cast_a ames-ace_n and_o rain_v to_o morrow_n and_o first_o for_o his_o cast_a ames-ace_n if_o it_o be_v throw_v by_o a_o fair_a gamester_n with_o indifferent_a die_n it_o be_v a_o mix_a action_n the_o cast_n of_o the_o dice_n be_v free_a but_o the_o cast_n of_o ames-ace_n be_v contingent_a a_o man_n may_v deliberate_v whether_o he_o will_v cast_v the_o dice_n or_o not_o but_o it_o be_v folly_n to_o deliberate_v whether_o he_o will_v cast_v ames-ace_n or_o not_o because_o it_o be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n unless_o he_o be_v a_o cheater_n that_o can_v cog_v the_o dice_n or_o the_o die_n be_v false_a die_n &_o then_o the_o contingency_n or_o the_o degree_n of_o contingency_n cease_v according_o as_o the_o caster_n have_v more_o or_o less_o cunning_a or_o as_o the_o figure_n or_o make_v of_o the_o dice_n do_v incline_v they_o to_o ames-ace_n more_o than_o to_o another_o cast_n or_o necessitate_v they_o to_o this_o cast_n and_o no_o other_o howsoever_o so_o far_o as_o the_o cast_n be_v free_a or_o contingent_a so_o far_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a and_o where_o necessity_n begin_v there_o liberty_n and_o contingency_n do_v cease_v to_o be_v likewise_o his_o other_o instance_n of_o rain_v or_o not_o rain_v to_o morrow_n be_v not_o of_o a_o free_a elective_a act_n nor_o always_o of_o a_o contingent_a act_n in_o some_o country_n as_o they_o have_v their_o nati_fw-la venti_fw-la their_o certain_a wind_n at_o set_a season_n so_o they_o have_v their_o certain_a and_o set_v rain_n the_o aethiopian_a rain_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o certain_a inundation_n of_o nilus_n in_o some_o eastern_a country_n they_o have_v rain_v only_o twice_o a_o year_n and_o those_o constant_a which_o the_o scripture_n call_v the_o former_a and_o the_o late_a rain_n in_o such_o place_n not_o only_o the_o cause_n do_v act_v determinate_o and_o necessary_o but_o also_o the_o determination_n or_o necessity_n of_o the_o event_n be_v foreknow_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o our_o climate_n the_o natural_a cause_n celestial_a and_o sublunary_a do_v not_o produce_v rain_n so_o necessary_o at_o set_a time_n neither_o can_v we_o say_v so_o certain_o and_o infallible_o it_o will_v rain_v to_o morrow_n or_o it_o will_v not_o rain_v to_o morrow_n nevertheless_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o the_o cause_n be_v so_o dispose_v and_o determine_v even_o in_o our_o climate_n that_o this_o proposition_n it_o will_v rain_v to_o morrow_n or_o it_o will_v not_o rain_v to_o morrow_n may_v be_v necessary_a in_o itself_o and_o the_o prognostic_n or_o token_n may_v be_v such_o in_o the_o sky_n in_o our_o own_o body_n in_o the_o creature_n animate_v and_o inanimate_a as_o weather-glass_n etc._n etc._n that_o it_o may_v become_v probable_o true_a to_o we_o that_o it_o will_v rain_v to_o morrow_n or_o it_o will_v not_o rain_v to_o morrow_n but_o ordinary_o it_o be_v a_o contingent_a proposition_n to_o we_o whether_o it_o be_v contingent_a also_o in_o itself_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a whether_o the_o vapour_n or_o matter_n of_o the_o rain_n may_v not_o yet_o be_v disperse_v or_o otherwise_o consume_v or_o drive_v beyond_o our_o coast_n be_v a_o speculation_n which_o no_o way_n concern_v this_o question_n so_o we_o see_v one_o reason_n why_o his_o two_o instance_n be_v altogether_o impertinent_a because_o they_o be_v of_o action_n which_o be_v not_o free_a nor_o elective_a nor_o such_o as_o proceed_v from_o the_o liberty_n of_o man_n will_n second_o our_o dispute_n be_v about_o absolute_a necessity_n his_o proof_n extend_v only_o to_o hypothetical_n necessity_n our_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o concurrence_n and_o determination_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v necessary_a before_o they_o do_v concur_v or_o be_v determine_v he_o prove_v that_o the_o effect_n be_v necessary_a after_o the_o cause_n have_v concur_v and_o be_v determine_v the_o free_a action_n of_o god_n or_o man_n be_v necessary_a by_o such_o a_o necessity_n of_o supposition_n and_o the_o most_o contingent_a event_n that_o be_v as_o i_o have_v show_v plain_o numb_a 3._o where_o his_o instance_n of_o ames-ace_n be_v more_o full_o answer_v so_o his_o proof_n look_v another_o way_n from_o his_o proposition_n his_o proposition_n be_v that_o the_o cast_n of_o ames-ace_n be_v necessary_a before_o it_o be_v throw_v his_o proof_n be_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a when_o it_o be_v throw_v examine_v all_o his_o cause_n over_o and_o over_o and_o they_o will_v not_o afford_v he_o one_o grain_n of_o antecedent_n necessity_n the_o first_o cause_n be_v in_o the_o dice_n true_a if_o they_o be_v false_a die_n there_o may_v be_v something_o in_o it_o but_o then_o his_o contingency_n be_v destroy_v if_o they_o be_v square_a die_n they_o have_v no_o more_o inclination_n to_o ames-ace_n than_o to_o cinque_fw-fr and_o quater_fw-la or_o any_o other_o cast_v his_o second_o cause_n be_v the_o posture_n of_o the_o party_n hand_n but_o what_o necessity_n be_v there_o that_o he_o shall_v put_v his_o hand_n into_o such_o a_o posture_n none_o at_o all_o the_o three_o cause_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o force_n apply_v by_o the_o caster_n now_o for_o the_o credit_n of_o his_o cause_n let_v he_o but_o name_n i_o will_v not_o say_v a_o convince_a reason_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o a_o probable_a reason_n but_o even_o any_o pretence_n of_o reason_n how_o the_o caster_n be_v necessitate_v from_o without_o himself_o to_o apply_v just_a so_o much_o force_v and_o neither_o more_o or_o less_o if_o he_o can_v his_o cause_n be_v desperate_a and_o he_o may_v hold_v his_o peace_n for_o ever_o his_o last_o cause_n be_v the_o posture_n of_o the_o table_n but_o tell_v we_o in_o good_a earnest_n what_o necessity_n there_o be_v why_o the_o caster_n must_v throw_v into_o that_o table_n rather_o than_o the_o other_o or_o that_o the_o die_n must_v fall_v just_a upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o table_n before_o the_o cast_n be_v throw_v he_o that_o make_v these_o to_o be_v necessary_a cause_n i_o do_v not_o wonder_v if_o he_o make_v all_o effect_n necessary_a effect_n if_o any_o one_o of_o these_o cause_n be_v contingent_a it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v the_o cast_v contingent_a and_o now_o that_o they_o be_v all_o so_o contingent_a yet_o he_o will_v needs_o have_v the_o effect_n to_o be_v necessary_a and_o so_o it_o be_v when_o the_o cast_n be_v throw_v but_o not_o before_o the_o cast_n be_v throw_v which_o he_o undertake_v to_o prove_v who_o can_v blame_v he_o for_o be_v so_o angry_a with_o the_o schoolman_n and_o their_o distinction_n of_o necessity_n into_o absolute_a and_o hypothetical_a see_v they_o touch_v