his_o gain_n but_o if_o the_o thing_n take_v away_o do_v perish_v than_o the_o value_n of_o it_o not_o to_o the_o high_a rate_n nor_o to_o the_o low_a but_o moderate_v among_o these_o we_o may_v also_o rank_a such_o as_o defraud_v prince_n of_o their_o lawful_a custom_n and_o contribution_n in_o like_a manner_n be_v they_o bind_v to_o reparation_n that_o have_v wrong_v other_o by_o either_o their_o unjust_a sentence_n or_o unjust_a accusation_n or_o by_o their_o false_a testimony_n xvii_o in_o he_o that_o by_o fear_n or_o fraud_n cause_v a_o promise_n as_o also_o he_o that_o shall_v either_o by_o fraud_n force_n or_o unjust_a fear_n urge_v a_o contract_n or_o a_o promise_n from_o any_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v reparation_n to_o the_o full_a for_o hereby_o he_o rob_v the_o man_n he_o deal_v with_o of_o a_o double_a right_n first_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o contract_n he_o have_v this_o right_n that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v deceive_v and_o then_o by_o the_o natural_a liberty_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v enforce_v or_o unjust_o affright_v and_o among_o these_o we_o may_v likewise_o range_v those_o that_o will_v not_o perform_v what_o by_o their_o office_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v without_o bribe_n xviii_o what_o if_o the_o fear_n be_v natural_o just_a but_o he_o that_o have_v give_v just_a cause_n why_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o force_n or_o fear_v compel_v have_v reason_n to_o blame_v himself_o for_o a_o involuntary_a act_n arise_v from_o a_o voluntary_a be_v natural_o reckon_v for_o a_o voluntary_a xix_o what_o if_o the_o fear_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o just_a but_o as_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n all_o war_n make_v and_o denounce_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n on_o both_o side_n be_v repute_v just_a as_o to_o to_o the_o external_a effect_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o anon_o so_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o such_o a_o war_n so_o far_o repute_v just_a that_o whatsoever_o be_v obtain_v thereby_o can_v be_v require_v back_o in_o which_o sense_n that_o distinction_n of_o cicero_n may_v be_v admit_v which_o he_o make_v between_o a_o enemy_n with_o who_o we_o enjoy_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n many_o common_a right_n and_o a_o thief_n or_o pirate_n for_o if_o these_o extort_v any_o thing_n from_o we_o by_o fear_n we_o may_v require_v it_o back_o unless_o we_o be_v bind_v by_o oath_n not_o to_o do_v it_o but_o so_o we_o can_v do_v from_o a_o enemy_n wherefore_o what_o polybius_n write_v concern_v the_o second_o punic_a war_n namely_o that_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v just_a cause_n to_o make_v it_o because_o the_o roman_n by_o denounce_v war_n against_o they_o whilst_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o another_o war_n against_o their_o seditious_a mercenary_n have_v enforce_v they_o from_o the_o island_n of_o sardinia_n and_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n have_v indeed_o some_o show_n of_o equity_n but_o be_v not_o agreeable_a with_o the_o common_a right_n of_o nation_n as_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o prove_v xx._n how_o far_o the_o civil_a power_n be_v bind_v by_o damage_n do_v by_o their_o subject_n king_n and_o magistrate_n be_v oblige_v to_o reparation_n if_o they_o do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o such_o remedy_n against_o thief_n and_o pirate_n to_o suppress_v they_o as_o they_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o do_v for_o which_o neglect_n the_o scyrian_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o amphictyones_n i_o remember_v that_o this_o case_n be_v once_o propose_v among_o we_o when_o our_o estate_n have_v grant_v letter_n of_o mart_n against_o our_o enemy_n some_o of_o those_o to_o who_o these_o letter_n be_v grant_v abuse_v themselves_o and_o we_o have_v rob_v our_o friend_n and_o leave_v our_o country_n betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o though_o recall_v will_v not_o return_v whence_o arise_v this_o question_n whether_o our_o state_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n they_o by_o reason_n of_o letter_n of_o mart_n grant_v they_o either_o because_o they_o make_v use_v of_o such_o wicked_a instrument_n or_o because_o they_o do_v not_o require_v from_o they_o sufficient_a caution_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o transgress_v their_o commission_n whereunto_o i_o give_v this_o answer_n that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o no_o more_o than_o to_o punish_v they_o be_v find_v or_o to_o deliver_v they_o up_o and_o beside_o to_o take_v care_n that_o reparation_n shall_v be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o delinquent_n case_n a_o judge_v case_n for_o that_o the_o state_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o depredation_n nor_o do_v they_o participate_v of_o they_o that_o they_o have_v forbid_v they_o by_o severe_a law_n to_o wrong_v their_o friend_n but_o to_o require_v caution_n from_o they_o they_o be_v not_o by_o any_o law_n oblige_v see_v that_o they_o may_v empower_v all_o their_o subject_n without_o any_o codicil_n to_o make_v what_o spoil_n they_o can_v of_o whatsoever_o be_v their_o enemy_n as_o have_v be_v ancient_o do_v neither_o be_v this_o permission_n the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o wrong_n do_v unto_o their_o friend_n see_v that_o private_a man_n may_v arm_v their_o ship_n and_o put_v out_o to_o sea_n even_o without_o permission_n neither_o can_v they_o foresee_v that_o these_o man_n will_v prove_v wicked_a nor_o can_v they_o altogether_o avoid_v the_o make_v use_n of_o wicked_a man_n for_o than_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o they_o to_o raise_v a_o army_n neither_o if_o their_o soldier_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n do_v injure_v their_o friend_n contrary_a to_o the_o command_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n be_v they_o oblige_v to_o reparation_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o france_n and_o england_n yet_o in_o a_o league_n between_o francis_n de_fw-fr valois_n king_n of_o france_n and_z henry_n the_o eight_o of_o england_n 54._o herbert_n henry_n the_o 8._o page_n 54._o it_o be_v agree_v the_o better_a to_o prevent_v depredation_n by_o sea_n that_o no_o merchant_n of_o either_o nation_n shall_v depart_v out_o of_o their_o port_n without_o give_v caution_n to_o their_o respective_a admiral_n that_o no_o wrong_a or_o molestation_n shall_v be_v do_v by_o sea_n to_o either_o of_o their_o subject_n but_o that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n which_o his_o servant_n shall_v without_o his_o fault_n and_o against_o his_o command_n do_v unto_o other_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o which_o this_o cause_n ought_v proper_o to_o be_v judge_v but_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o yet_o not_o in_o the_o general_n but_o as_o it_o be_v introduce_v for_o some_o particular_a reason_n against_o mariner_n and_o some_o other_o and_o thus_o have_v this_o case_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o supreme_a assembly_n against_o certain_a pomeranian_o and_o that_o according_a to_o precedent_n of_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n two_o age_n before_o xxi_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o beast_n that_o hurt_v his_o neighbour_n not_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n this_o also_o be_v worthy_a our_o observation_n that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o we_o deliver_v up_o our_o beast_n or_o bondslave_n to_o punishment_n which_o have_v endamage_v our_o neighbour_n for_o the_o owner_n of_o they_o be_v innocent_a be_v natural_o bind_v to_o nothing_o as_o neither_o be_v he_o who_o ship_n without_o his_o fault_n fall_v foul_a and_o hurt_v another_o though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o diverse_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o we_o such_o damage_n be_v usual_o divide_v between_o both_o because_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o be_v prove_v xxii_o the_o damage_n against_o a_o man_n honour_n how_o to_o be_v tepair_v but_o the_o wound_n we_o receive_v in_o our_o honour_n or_o fame_n as_o by_o stripe_n reproach_n curse_n and_o such_o like_a must_v have_v their_o proper_a cure_n and_o in_o these_o no_o less_o than_o in_o theft_n and_o other_o crime_n the_o heinousness_n of_o the_o fact_n be_v discern_v by_o the_o effect_n for_o as_o in_o those_o our_o reparation_n consist_v in_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o thief_n so_o in_o this_o the_o damage_n we_o sustain_v be_v repair_v by_o confession_n of_o the_o fault_n and_o by_o exhibit_v all_o due_a honour_n to_o he_o who_o be_v wrong_v and_o the_o public_a testimony_n give_v both_o of_o his_o innocency_n and_o our_o own_o repentance_n and_o such_o like_a mean_n although_o the_o offender_n in_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v punish_v in_o his_o purse_n if_o the_o injure_a person_n desire_v it_o because_o money_n be_v the_o common_a standard_n whereby_o all_o thing_n tend_v to_o profit_n be_v measure_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n i._o there_o be_v some_o
those_o who_o first_o enter_v into_o civil_a society_n from_o who_o the_o right_a of_o government_n be_v devolve_v upon_o the_o person_n govern_v who_o have_v they_o be_v demand_v ☜_o ☜_o whether_o they_o will_v have_v impose_v such_o a_o yoke_n upon_o all_o mankind_n as_o death_n itself_o rather_o than_o in_o any_o case_n by_o force_n to_o repel_v the_o insolence_n of_o their_o superior_n i_o much_o question_n whether_o they_o will_v have_v grant_v it_o unless_o it_o have_v heen_fw-mi in_o such_o a_o case_n where_o such_o resistance_n can_v not_o be_v make_v without_o great_a commotion_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o the_o certain_a destruction_n of_o many_o innocent_n for_o what_o charity_n commend_v in_o such_o a_o case_n to_o be_v do_v may_v i_o doubt_v not_o pass_v for_o a_o humane_a law_n but_o some_o may_v say_v that_o this_o rigid_a obligation_n to_o die_v rather_o than_o at_o any_o time_n to_o resist_v injury_n do_v by_o our_o superior_n be_v not_o impose_v on_o we_o by_o any_o humane_a but_o by_o the_o divine_a law_n but_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o man_n do_v not_o at_o first_o unite_v themselves_o in_o civil_a society_n by_o any_o special_a command_n from_o god_n but_o voluntary_o out_o of_o a_o sense_n they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o impotency_n to_o repel_v force_n and_o violence_n whilst_o they_o live_v solitary_o and_o in_o family_n apart_o whence_o the_o civil_a power_n take_v its_o rise_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o st._n peter_n call_v it_o a_o humane_a ordinance_n although_o it_o be_v elsewhere_o call_v a_o divine_a ordinance_n because_o this_o wholesome_a constitution_n of_o man_n be_v approve_v of_o by_o god_n himself_o but_o god_n in_o approve_v a_o humane_a law_n may_v be_v think_v to_o approve_v of_o it_o as_o a_o humane_a law_n 8._o barkley_n lib._n 3._o contra_fw-la monarchomach_n c._n 8._o and_o after_o a_o humane_a manner_n barkley_n who_o be_v the_o stout_a champion_n in_o defend_v kingly_a power_n do_v notwithstanding_o thus_o far_o allow_v that_o the_o people_n or_o the_o noble_a part_n of_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o cruel_a tyranny_n and_o yet_o he_o confess_v that_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n be_v subject_a unto_o the_o king_n now_o this_o i_o shall_v easy_o admit_v that_o the_o more_o we_o desire_v to_o secure_v any_o thing_n by_o law_n the_o more_o express_a and_o peremptory_a shall_v that_o law_n be_v and_o the_o few_o exception_n there_o shall_v be_v from_o it_o for_o they_o that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o violate_v that_o law_n will_v present_o seek_v shelter_n and_o think_v themselves_o privilege_v by_o those_o exception_n though_o their_o case_n be_v far_o different_a yet_o dare_v i_o not_o condemn_v indifferent_o either_o every_o private_a man_n or_o every_o though_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o people_n who_o as_o their_o last_o refuge_n in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n have_v ancient_o make_v use_v of_o their_o arm_n to_o defend_v themselves_o yet_o with_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o common_a good_a for_o david_n example_n david_n example_n who_o save_v in_o some_o particular_a fact_n be_v so_o celebrate_v for_o his_o integrity_n do_v yet_o entertain_v first_o four_o hundred_o and_o afterward_o more_o arm_a man_n to_o what_o end_n unless_o for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o his_o own_o person_n against_o any_o violence_n that_o shall_v be_v offer_v he_o but_o this_o also_o we_o must_v note_v that_o david_n do_v not_o this_o until_o he_o have_v be_v assure_v both_o by_o jonathan_n and_o by_o many_o other_o infallible_a argument_n that_o saul_n seek_v his_o life_n and_o that_o even_o then_o he_o neither_o invade_v any_o city_n nor_o make_v a_o offensive_a war_n against_o any_o but_o lurk_v only_o for_o his_o own_o security_n sometime_o in_o mountain_n sometime_o in_o cave_n and_o such_o like_a devious_a place_n and_o sometime_o in_o foreign_a nation_n with_o this_o resolution_n to_o decline_v all_o occasion_n of_o annoy_v his_o own_o countryman_n a_o fact_n parallel_n to_o this_o of_o david_n we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o the_o maccabee_n maccabee_n the_o maccabee_n for_o whereas_o some_o seek_v to_o defend_v the_o war_n of_o the_o maccabee_n upon_o this_o ground_n that_o antiochus_n be_v not_o a_o king_n but_o a_o usurper_n this_o i_o account_v but_o frivolous_a for_o in_o the_o whole_a story_n of_o the_o maccabee_n we_o shall_v never_o find_v antiochus_n mention_v by_o any_o of_o their_o own_o party_n by_o any_o other_o title_n than_o by_o that_o of_o king_n and_z deserve_o for_o the_o hebrew_n have_v long_o before_o submit_v to_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n in_o who_o right_a antiochus_n succeed_v and_o whereas_o the_o hebrew_n law_n forbid_v a_o stranger_n to_o be_v set_v over_o they_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v by_o a_o voluntary_a election_n and_o not_o by_o a_o involuntary_a compulsion_n through_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o time_n and_o whereas_o other_o say_v that_o the_o maccabee_n do_v act_n by_o the_o people_n right_a to_o who_o belong_v the_o right_n of_o govern_v themselves_o by_o their_o own_o law_n neither_o be_v this_o probable_a for_o the_o jew_n be_v first_o conquer_v by_o nebuchadonosor_n be_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n subject_a unto_o he_o and_o afterward_o become_v by_o the_o same_o law_n subject_a to_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n as_o successor_n to_o the_o chaldean_n who_o whole_a empire_n do_v at_o length_n devolve_v upon_o the_o macedonian_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o jew_n in_o tacitus_n be_v term_v the_o most_o servile_a of_o all_o the_o eastern_a nation_n neither_o do_v they_o require_v any_o covenant_n or_o condition_n from_o alexander_n or_o his_o successor_n but_o yield_v themselves_o free_o without_o any_o limitation_n or_o exception_n nation_n the_o jew_n a_o conquer_a nation_n as_o before_o they_o have_v do_v unto_o darius_n and_o though_o they_o be_v permit_v sometime_o to_o use_v their_o own_o rite_n and_o public_o to_o exercise_v their_o own_o law_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o due_a unto_o they_o by_o any_o law_n that_o be_v add_v unto_o the_o empire_n but_o only_o by_o a_o precarious_a right_n that_o be_v indulge_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o their_o king_n there_o be_v nothing_o then_o that_o can_v justify_v the_o maccabee_n in_o their_o take_n of_o arm_n but_o that_o invincible_a law_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n which_o may_v do_v it_o so_o long_o as_o they_o contain_v themselves_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o self-preservation_n and_o in_o imitation_n of_o david_n betake_v themselves_o to_o secret_a place_n in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o security_n never_o offer_v to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o arm_n unless_o violent_o assault_v 26.9_o the_o king_n person_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o 1_o sam._n 26.9_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n great_a care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v that_o even_o when_o we_o be_v thus_o enforce_v to_o defend_v ourselves_o in_o case_n of_o certain_a and_o extreme_a danger_n we_o spare_v the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n for_o they_o that_o conceive_v the_o carriage_n of_o david_n towards_o saul_n to_o proceed_v not_o so_o much_o from_o the_o necessity_n of_o duty_n as_o out_o of_o some_o deep_a consideration_n be_v mistake_v for_o david_n himself_o declare_v that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v innocent_a that_o stretch_v forth_o his_o hand_n against_o the_o lord_n anoint_v because_o he_o very_o well_o know_v that_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o law_n 22.28_o exod._n 22.28_o thou_o shall_v not_o revile_v the_o god_n that_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n thou_o shall_v not_o curse_v the_o ruler_n of_o thy_o people_n in_o which_o law_n special_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o supreme_a power_n it_o evident_o show_v that_o some_o special_a duty_n towards_o they_o be_v require_v of_o we_o wherefore_o optatus_n milevitanus_fw-la speak_v of_o this_o fact_n of_o david_n 2._o lib._n 2._o say_v that_o god_n special_a command_n come_v fresh_a into_o his_o memory_n do_v so_o restrain_v he_o that_o he_o can_v not_o hurt_v saul_n though_o his_o mortal_a enemy_n wherefore_o he_o bring_v in_o david_n thus_o reason_v with_o himself_o volebam_fw-la hostem_fw-la vincere_fw-la sed_fw-la prius_fw-la est_fw-la divina_fw-la praecepta_fw-la observare_fw-la willing_o i_o will_v overcome_v my_o enemy_n but_o i_o dare_v not_o transgress_v the_o command_n of_o god_n and_o josephus_n speak_v of_o david_n after_o he_o have_v cut_v off_o saul_n garment_n say_v that_o his_o heart_n smite_v he_o so_o that_o he_o confess_v injustum_fw-la facinus_fw-la erat_fw-la regem_fw-la suum_fw-la occidere_fw-la it_o be_v a_o wicked_a act_n to_o kill_v his_o sovereign_n and_o present_o after_o horrendum_fw-la regem_fw-la quamvis_fw-la malum_fw-la occidere_fw-la poenam_fw-la enim_fw-la id_fw-la facienti_fw-la imminere_fw-la constat_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la qui_fw-la regem_fw-la dedit_fw-la it_o be_v a_o horrid_a act_n to_o kill_v a_o
far_a whether_o the_o person_n so_o empower_v be_v a_o freeman_n or_o not_o as_o be_v usual_o do_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n but_o conclude_v rather_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v full_o complete_a by_o that_o acceptance_n for_o it_o suffice_v to_o signify_v our_o consent_n though_o by_o a_o servant_n who_o will_n be_v repute_v we_o if_o we_o authorize_v he_o and_o he_o accept_v thereof_o but_o if_o he_o that_o accept_v of_o the_o promise_n have_v no_o such_o order_n from_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v but_o be_v depute_v by_o the_o promiser_n then_o have_v the_o promiser_n no_o power_n to_o revoke_v the_o promise_n until_o he_o who_o it_o concern_v do_v either_o accept_v thereof_o or_o reject_v it_o yet_o so_o notwithstanding_o that_o he_o who_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v accept_v of_o the_o promise_v make_v have_v no_o power_n to_o remit_v it_o because_o he_o be_v not_o depute_v to_o accept_v of_o any_o right_n to_o the_o thing_n promise_v but_o to_o bind_v the_o promiser_n to_o observe_v and_o perform_v his_o promise_n in_o sustain_v the_o thing_n promise_v so_o that_o if_o the_o promiser_n shall_v retract_v he_o may_v be_v say_v to_o break_v his_o faith_n but_o he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o invade_v any_o man_n right_a or_o propriety_n xix_o in_o what_o time_n a_o charge_n may_v be_v add_v to_o a_o promise_n by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v it_o may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v what_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v concern_v such_o a_o charge_n as_o be_v usual_o add_v unto_o a_o promise_n for_o such_o a_o charge_n may_v be_v impose_v as_o long_o as_o the_o promise_n be_v not_o yet_o make_v perfect_a by_o acceptance_n nor_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o promiser_n give_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v irrevocable_a but_o yet_o this_o charge_n add_v for_o the_o use_n and_o benefit_n of_o a_o three_o person_n be_v also_o revocable_a until_o it_o shall_v be_v by_o that_o three_o person_n accept_v although_o some_o there_o be_v that_o as_o well_o in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o the_o like_a question_n be_v otherwise_o persuade_v but_o he_o that_o thorough_o consider_v the_o matter_n will_v quick_o discern_v so_o much_o of_o natural_a reason_n and_o equity_n in_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o he_o will_v judge_v all_o far_a proof_n to_o be_v needless_a and_o superfluous_a xx._n a_o promise_n in_o itself_o invalid_a how_o it_o may_v be_v make_v firm_a it_o be_v also_o sometime_o controvert_v how_o a_o promise_v occasion_v by_o a_o error_n or_o mistake_v in_o the_o promiser_n may_v be_v make_v good_a if_o the_o truth_n be_v know_v the_o promiser_n notwithstanding_o his_o mistake_n be_v willing_a to_o stand_v to_o his_o promise_n the_o like_a question_n may_v be_v put_v concern_v promise_v occasion_v by_o fear_n force_n or_o the_o like_a when_o the_o cause_n thereof_o shall_v afterward_o cease_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o matrimony_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o which_o promise_v some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o nothing_o be_v requisite_a but_o the_o internal_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v conjoin_v with_o the_o former_a external_a act_n suffice_v to_o contract_v a_o firm_a obligation_n other_o disallow_v this_o because_o they_o can_v admit_v that_o any_o outward_a act_n shall_v be_v a_o competent_a sign_n of_o a_o internal_a act_n subsequent_a to_o it_o do_v require_v a_o new_a verbal_a promise_n and_o acceptance_n but_o the_o middle_a opinion_n be_v the_o safe_a which_o require_v some_o outward_a act_n but_o not_o such_o as_o be_v verbal_a see_v that_o the_o retain_v of_o the_o thing_n promise_v by_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v promise_v and_o the_o relinquish_a of_o it_o by_o the_o person_n promise_v or_o some_o such_o like_a act_n be_v sufficient_a to_o testify_v the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o both_o party_n xxi_o promise_v make_v without_o cause_n not_o natural_o void_a they_o also_o must_v not_o be_v omit_v lest_o we_o shall_v confound_v the_o civil_a law_n with_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n promise_v as_o well_o as_o gift_n may_v be_v good_a and_o valid_a though_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n or_o consideration_n express_v wherefore_o they_o be_v make_v xxii_o he_o that_o promise_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o how_o far_o he_o stand_v bind_v neither_o be_v any_o man_n bind_v by_o his_o promise_n that_o he_o make_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o man_n to_o make_v good_a all_o that_o wherein_o they_o differ_v so_o as_o he_o omit_v nothing_o of_o that_o which_o on_o his_o part_n may_v be_v do_v to_o procure_v that_o man_n to_o do_v it_o unless_o either_o the_o word_n of_o the_o promise_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o business_n do_v natural_o require_v a_o strong_a obligation_n so_o livy_n in_o the_o like_a case_n he_o think_v himself_o discharge_v of_o his_o promise_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o leave_v nothing_o unattempted_a that_o lie_v in_o he_o to_o have_v have_v it_o perform_v chap._n xii_o of_o contract_n i._o the_o division_n of_o humane_a act_n unto_o other_o profitable_a and_o first_o of_o simple_a and_o mix_v ii_o simple_a be_v either_o pure_o liberal_a or_o with_o mutual_a obligation_n iii_o or_o into_o such_o as_o be_v permutatory_n as_o well_o such_o as_o separate_v the_o part_n iv_o as_o those_o that_o introduce_v community_n v._o those_o that_o be_v mix_v be_v either_o so_o principal_o vi_o or_o by_o way_n of_o accession_n vii_o which_o of_o these_o act_n be_v call_v contract_n viii_o in_o all_o contract_v there_o shall_v be_v a_o equality_n and_o that_o first_o in_o such_o act_n as_o be_v praecedaneous_a ix_o as_o a_o equality_n in_o knowledge_n x._o a_o equal_a freedom_n of_o will._n xi_o 2._o in_o the_o very_a act_n if_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o exchange_n xii_o 3._o in_o the_o thing_n contract_v for_o explain_v xiii_o that_o this_o equality_n take_v place_n even_o in_o such_o act_n as_o be_v either_o mere_o or_o in_o part_n beneficent_a fourteen_o how_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v value_v and_o for_o what_o cause_v the_o price_n be_v either_o increase_v or_o diminish_v xv._o when_o thing_n be_v perfect_o buy_v and_o when_o the_o dominion_n be_v transfer_v xvi_o what_o monopoly_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o rule_n of_o charity_n xvii_o how_o money_n receive_v its_o function_n xviii_o of_o land_n hire_v nothing_o of_o the_o rent_n be_v to_o be_v abate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o sterility_n or_o the_o like_a and_o if_o the_o first_o tenant_n be_v disable_v to_o use_v the_o land_n or_o thing_n may_v it_o not_o be_v let_v to_o another_o xix_o how_o the_o just_a hire_n of_o man_n labour_n may_v be_v increase_v or_o diminish_v xx._n by_o what_o law_n usury_n be_v forbid_v xxi_o what_o profit_n fall_v not_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o usury_n xxii_o what_o the_o civil_a law_n determine_v of_o usury_n xxiii_o in_o contract_n what_o value_n we_o be_v to_o put_v upon_o the_o peril_n we_o run_v in_o secure_v the_o main_a stock_n xxiv_o in_o social_a contract_n how_o the_o profit_n be_v to_o be_v proportion_v and_o of_o its_o several_a kind_n xxv_o of_o naval_a confederation_n xxvi_o if_o there_o be_v a_o inequality_n in_o the_o term_n agree_v upon_o as_o to_z act_n external_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n allow_v no_o remedy_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n this_o be_v say_v to_o be_v natural_a i._o the_o division_n of_o humane_a act_n to_o other_o profitable_a of_o such_o humane_a act_n as_o be_v to_o other_o profitable_a some_o be_v simple_a other_o mix_v or_o compound_v ii_o of_o those_o that_o be_v simple_a some_o be_v mere_o beneficent_a some_o mutual_o obligatory_a of_o those_o that_o be_v simple_a some_o be_v beneficent_a other_o permutatory_n such_o as_o be_v beneficent_a be_v either_o mere_o gratuitous_a or_o infer_v a_o mutual_a obligation_n such_o as_o be_v mere_o gratuitous_a be_v either_o present_o do_v or_o such_o as_o extend_v to_o the_o time_n to_o come_v those_o that_o be_v present_o do_v be_v either_o some_o fact_n or_o deed_n that_o yield_v profit_n to_o another_o whereof_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o we_o shall_v discourse_v since_o though_o it_o do_v produce_v profit_n yet_o it_o have_v no_o effect_n of_o right_n or_o some_o donative_n or_o free_a gift_n which_o also_o be_v a_o profitable_a act_n and_o present_o do_v whereby_o dominion_n be_v transfer_v and_o whereof_o we_o have_v treat_v above_o when_o we_o discourse_v of_o the_o acquire_a dominion_n those_o gratuitous_a act_n that_o extend_v to_o the_o time_n to_o come_v be_v promise_n either_o to_o give_v or_o to_o do_v somewhat_o whereof_o we_o discourse_v in_o the_o chapter_n precede_v those_o beneficent_a act_n which_o infer_v mutual_a obligation_n be_v such_o as_o dispose_v either_o of_o thing_n without_o alienate_v they_o or_o
be_v but_o the_o overflowing_n of_o a_o good_a nature_n distinguish_v mercy_n judgement_n and_o righteousness_n distinguish_v such_o be_v good_a work_v do_v mere_o out_o of_o bounty_n and_o munificence_n second_o to_o perform_v what_o we_o be_v strict_o bind_v to_o do_v which_o the_o hebrew_n call_v judgement_n but_o to_o do_v that_o which_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n only_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v this_o they_o call_v righteousness_n or_o equity_n which_o three_o some_o expositor_n upon_o that_o of_o mat._n 23.23_o render_v by_o mercy_n judgement_n and_o fidelity_n whereby_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o greek_n do_v common_o understand_v righteousness_n and_o by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d judgement_n that_o which_o we_o be_v strict_o oblige_v to_o do_v as_o we_o may_v find_v 1_o mac._n 7.18_o &_o 32._o moreover_o a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v civil_o oblige_v by_o his_o own_o act_n either_o in_o this_o sense_n that_o the_o obligation_n spring_v not_o from_o the_o mere_a right_n of_o nature_n but_o from_o a_o civil_a right_n or_o from_o both_o or_o in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o that_o a_o action_n at_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v lie_v against_o he_o we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o from_o the_o covenant_n and_o promise_n which_o a_o king_n make_v with_o his_o people_n there_o may_v arise_v such_o a_o true_a and_o proper_a obligation_n as_o may_v confer_v a_o right_n unto_o they_o for_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n both_o of_o promise_n and_o contract_n even_o between_o god_n and_o man_n as_o we_o have_v show_v already_o if_o the_o act_n of_o a_o king_n be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v do_v by_o any_o other_o man_n the_o civil_a law_n shall_v bind_v he_o but_o if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v do_v by_o he_o mere_o as_o a_o king_n the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o reach_v he_o which_o difference_n be_v not_o by_o vasquius_fw-la sufficient_o observe_v nevertheless_o a_o action_n may_v arise_v from_o either_o of_o these_o act_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o to_o evidence_n the_o right_n of_o the_o creditor_n but_o no_o enforcement_n there_o can_v be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n for_o that_o subject_n shall_v compel_v he_o who_o subject_n they_o be_v be_v not_o lawful_a which_o equal_v may_v do_v against_o equal_n by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n and_o superior_n against_o inferior_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n vii_o how_o a_o right_o gain_v by_o subject_n may_v lawful_o be_v take_v from_o they_o but_o this_o also_o must_v be_v note_v that_o a_o king_n may_v take_v away_o the_o right_n of_o his_o subject_n two_o way_n either_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n but_o if_o he_o do_v it_o this_o latter_a way_n it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n for_o some_o public_a profit_n and_o then_o also_o the_o subject_n must_v receive_v if_o it_o be_v possible_a a_o just_a satisfaction_n out_o of_o the_o common_a stock_n for_o the_o loss_n he_o shall_v sustain_v this_o therefore_o as_o it_o hold_v in_o other_o thing_n so_o also_o in_o that_o right_n that_o be_v gain_v by_o either_o promise_n or_o contract_n viii_o the_o distinction_n of_o thing_n gain_v by_o the_o natural_a and_o civil_a law_n reject_v neither_o do_v it_o make_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o case_n whether_o the_o right_a of_o the_o subject_n be_v acquire_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o king_n have_v a_o equal_a right_n to_o both_o nor_o can_v either_o of_o they_o be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o subject_a without_o cause_n for_o it_o be_v against_o natural_a right_n that_o what_o dominion_n or_o other_o right_n a_o man_n have_v lawful_o gain_v to_o himself_o he_o shall_v be_v causeless_o deprive_v of_o and_o if_o a_o king_n shall_v do_v it_o he_o ought_v without_o doubt_n to_o make_v restitution_n and_o to_o repair_v the_o damage_n that_o the_o subject_n have_v sustain_v because_o he_o do_v thereby_o violate_v the_o true_a right_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o herein_o be_v the_o right_n of_o stranger_n much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o subject_n for_o the_o right_n of_o stranger_n and_o of_o such_o as_o in_o no_o respect_n be_v subject_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v under_o that_o supereminent_a dominion_n of_o a_o king_n as_o the_o right_n of_o subject_n be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a unless_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n whereof_o hereafter_o ix_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n whether_o they_o be_v law_n and_o when_o from_o whence_o we_o may_v collect_v upon_o how_o sandy_a a_o foundation_n they_o build_v who_o hold_v all_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n to_o be_v law_n for_o from_o the_o law_n there_o arise_v no_o right_a against_o a_o king_n to_o any_o man_n therefore_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o repeal_v those_o law_n he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o injure_v any_o man_n yet_o if_o he_o do_v it_o without_o good_a cause_n he_o give_v just_a cause_n of_o offence_n but_o from_o promise_n and_o contract_v a_o man_n may_v claim_v a_o right_n for_o by_o contract_v the_o contractor_n only_o be_v bind_v but_o by_o the_o law_n all_o that_o be_v subject_n yet_o may_v some_o thing_n be_v of_o a_o mix_a nature_n partly_o by_o contract_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o law_n as_o when_o a_o king_n contract_v with_o a_o neighbour_n king_n or_o with_o farmer_n of_o his_o revenue_n which_o he_o present_o proclaim_v a_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o contain_v what_o be_v by_o his_o subject_n to_o be_v observe_v x._o how_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n his_o heir_n may_v stand_v bind_v let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o successor_n concern_v who_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o those_o that_o be_v to_o inherit_v all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n together_o with_o his_o kingdom_n as_o he_o that_o receive_v a_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n either_o by_o his_o testament_n or_o from_o a_o intestate_a and_o between_o those_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n only_o either_o by_o a_o new_a election_n or_o by_o prescript_n and_o that_o either_o in_o imitation_n of_o other_o vulgar_a inheritance_n or_o otherwise_o or_o whether_o they_o succeed_v by_o any_o mix_v right_o for_o they_o that_o inherit_v all_o the_o good_n with_o the_o kingdom_n be_v without_o doubt_n oblige_v to_o perform_v all_o the_o contract_n and_o promise_v of_o the_o decease_a king_n and_o that_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a shall_v stand_v oblige_v for_o his_o personal_a debt_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o dominion_n itself_o xi_o and_o how_o his_o successor_n but_o how_o far_o they_o that_o succeed_v to_o the_o kingdom_n only_o or_o to_o the_o good_n in_o part_n but_o to_o the_o kingdom_n entire_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o their_o predecessor_n be_v as_o worthy_a to_o be_v discuss_v as_o it_o have_v hitherto_o be_v confuse_o handle_v they_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o not_o as_o heir_n be_v not_o immediate_o bind_v by_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o their_o predecessor_n because_o the_o title_n they_o have_v they_o receive_v not_o from_o he_o but_o from_o the_o people_n whether_o that_o succession_n fall_v like_o other_o vulgar_a inheritance_n to_o he_o that_o be_v near_a of_o kin_n to_o the_o decease_a or_o to_o those_o that_o be_v more_o remote_a but_o mediate_o i._n e._n by_o the_o city_n that_o choose_v he_o such_o successor_n also_o be_v bind_v which_o shall_v be_v thus_o understand_v every_o society_n no_o less_o than_o every_o particular_a person_n have_v a_o power_n to_o oblige_v itself_o either_o by_o itself_o or_o by_o its_o major_a part_n this_o right_a every_o society_n may_v transfer_v either_o express_o or_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o be_v by_o transfer_v the_o empire_n for_o in_o moral_n he_o that_o give_v the_o end_n give_v all_o thing_n conduce_v to_o the_o end_n xii_o and_o how_o far_o and_o yet_o shall_v not_o this_o be_v boundless_a neither_o be_v it_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o the_o good_a government_n of_o a_o nation_n that_o this_o oblige_a power_n shall_v be_v infinite_a no_o more_o than_o that_o of_o a_o guardian_n be_v but_o so_o far_o forth_o only_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o power_n require_v tutor_n domini_fw-la loco_fw-la habetur_fw-la cum_fw-la rem_fw-la administrat_fw-la non_fw-la cum_fw-la pupillum_fw-la spoliat_fw-la the_o guardian_n say_v julian_n have_v a_o power_n equal_a to_o the_o lord_n while_o he_o order_v the_o estate_n prudent_o but_o not_o when_o he_o waste_v it_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o ulpian_n to_o be_v understand_v every_o society_n shall_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o governor_n be_v the_o agreement_n profitable_a or_o damagable_a to_o that_o society_n yet_o
his_o kingdom_n i_o know_v not_o but_o yet_o such_o the_o case_n may_v be_v that_o such_o a_o king_n have_v no_o power_n to_o alienate_v any_o part_n thereof_o as_o if_o he_o receive_v the_o whole_a as_o his_o propriety_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o divide_v it_o but_o as_o concern_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v call_v the_o good_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o may_v also_o become_v the_o king_n patrimony_n two_o way_n either_o as_o separable_a from_o the_o kingdom_n or_o as_o inseparable_o unite_v unto_o it_o if_o this_o latter_a way_n they_o may_v be_v transcribe_v 15._o see_v bo._n 2._o ch_n 15._o but_o not_o unless_o with_o the_o kingdom_n if_o the_o former_a they_o may_v be_v alienate_v without_o it_o but_o such_o king_n whosâ—_n kingdom_n be_v not_o patrimonial_a can_v hardly_o be_v permit_v to_o alienate_v the_o good_n of_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o it_o evident_o appear_v by_o some_o primitive_a law_n or_o by_o a_o continue_a and_o uninterrupted_a custom_n that_o they_o may_v do_v it_o vi_o how_o far_o the_o people_n and_o successor_n be_v oblige_v by_o a_o peace_n make_v by_o the_o king_n but_o how_o far_o forth_o the_o promise_n of_o a_o king_n shall_v bind_v his_o subject_n and_o successor_n have_v already_o be_v declare_v etc._n declare_v see_v bo._n 2._o ch_n 3._o §._o 10_o etc._n etc._n namely_o so_o far_o as_o the_o power_n obligatory_a be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o government_n which_o shall_v be_v neither_o infinite_a nor_o empale_v within_o in_o too_o narrow_a bound_n but_o to_o extend_v so_o far_o only_o as_o in_o probable_a reason_n it_o shall_v be_v find_v convenient_a but_o in_o case_n the_o king_n be_v absolute_a lord_n 2._o lord_n see_v bo._n 3._o ch_n 8._o §._o 2._o over_o his_o people_n as_o have_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n conquer_v he_o and_o so_o hold_v they_o under_o a_o government_n mere_o despotical_a and_o not_o civil_a or_o if_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o dominion_n not_o over_o their_o person_n but_o over_o their_o thing_n as_o pharaoh_n buy_v all_o that_o the_o egyptian_n have_v for_o corn_n or_o as_o they_o that_o admit_v of_o stranger_n into_o their_o house_n to_o who_o they_o prescribe_v what_o law_n they_o please_v if_o i_o say_v the_o government_n be_v thus_o absolute_a than_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n for_o in_o this_o case_n beside_o that_o right_n which_o be_v regal_a there_o be_v a_o access_n of_o another_o right_n which_o make_v that_o justifyable_a which_o a_o bare_a regal_a power_n can_v not_o vii_o what_o power_n a_o king_n have_v over_o his_o subject_n good_n to_o the_o make_n of_o peace_n but_o here_o there_o usual_o arise_v another_o question_n namely_o what_o right_a king_n have_v over_o the_o estate_n of_o private_a man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o establish_n of_o peace_n as_o have_v no_o other_o right_n to_o that_o which_o particular_o belong_v to_o his_o subject_n than_o what_o he_o have_v as_o a_o king_n that_o the_o thing_n belong_v to_o subject_n be_v under_o the_o supereminent_a power_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n whereof_o they_o be_v a_o part_n we_o have_v already_o prove_v so_o that_o that_o commonwealth_n or_o he_o that_o exercise_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o it_o have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v use_n thereof_o either_o by_o even_o destroy_v they_o or_o by_o alienate_v they_o and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o a_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n which_o be_v even_o between_o private_a man_n justifyable_a but_o when_o it_o extend_v even_o to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o private_a man_n by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o those_o who_o first_o enter_v into_o civil_a society_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n that_o shall_v befall_v any_o of_o her_o subject_n or_o citizen_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o such_o spoil_n or_o alienation_n out_o of_o their_o public_a stock_n or_o by_o a_o public_a contribution_n whereunto_o even_o he_o who_o have_v sustain_v the_o loss_n shall_v if_o need_v be_v pay_v his_o proportion_n neither_o shall_v that_o city_n or_o commonwealth_n stand_v discharge_v from_o this_o obligation_n although_o at_o present_a it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o satisfy_v it_o for_o whensoever_o that_o city_n shall_v be_v enable_v this_o sleep_a obligation_n may_v rise_v up_o against_o it_o viii_o but_o what_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v already_o lose_v by_o war._n neither_o can_v i_o here_o general_o admit_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o vasquius_fw-la namely_o that_o the_o city_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n of_o her_o citizen_n sustain_v by_o the_o war_n because_o such_o damage_n be_v by_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n permit_v for_o this_o right_n of_o war_n have_v only_a respect_n to_o the_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o explain_v it_o 2._o it_o bo._n 3._o ch_n 6._o §._o 2._o and_o partly_o to_o such_o as_o be_v in_o open_a hostility_n among_o themselves_o but_o not_o to_o citizen_n among_o themselves_o who_o be_v mutual_o associate_v and_o equal_o engage_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o city_n shall_v in_o equity_n esteem_v every_o man_n to_o be_v the_o common_a loss_n but_o yet_o doubtless_o it_o may_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v so_o ordain_v that_o no_o action_n shall_v lie_v against_o such_o a_o city_n for_o any_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o war_n to_o the_o end_n that_o every_o man_n may_v be_v the_o more_o watchful_a and_o resolute_a to_o defend_v his_o own_o ix_o no_o difference_n between_o thing_n get_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o thing_n get_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n some_o there_o be_v that_o place_n a_o vast_a difference_n between_o those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o subject_n acco_n ding_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v they_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n gra_fw-mi thing_fw-mi a_o large_a right_n to_o the_o king_n in_o take_v away_o these_o without_o either_o cause_n or_o recompense_n but_o not_o so_o in_o the_o former_a but_o erroneous_o for_o a_o right_n of_o dominion_n however_o lawful_o gain_v have_v always_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n its_o proper_a effect_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v take_v away_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o dominion_n itself_o or_o such_o as_o arise_v from_o some_o fact_n do_v by_o he_o that_o be_v the_o right_a owner_n x._o what_o be_v do_v by_o a_o king_n be_v take_v by_o foreigner_n to_o be_v do_v for_o a_o public_a good_a now_o this_o care_n and_o inspection_n that_o the_o thing_n of_o private_a person_n be_v not_o alienate_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o a_o public_a benefit_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o the_o subject_n as_o that_o of_o repair_v of_o damage_n do_v to_o the_o city_n and_o each_o particular_a citizen_n for_o the_o bare_a fact_n of_o the_o king_n be_v sufficient_a to_o stranger_n that_o contract_v with_o he_o not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o presumption_n which_o the_o dignity_n of_o his_o person_n bring_v with_o it_o but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o permit_v the_o good_n of_o subject_n to_o stand_v oblige_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o king_n xi_o a_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o interpret_n of_o article_n of_o peace_n but_o as_o to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n what_o we_o have_v say_v before_o must_v here_o also_o be_v observe_v 12._o observe_v see_v bo._n 2._o c._n 16._o §._o 12._o the_o more_o of_o grace_n and_o favour_v any_o article_n contain_v the_o more_o extensive_o it_o shall_v be_v take_v and_o the_o more_o of_o rigour_n it_o have_v the_o more_o restrictive_o it_o shall_v be_v understand_v if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o bare_a law_n of_o nature_n the_o great_a favour_n that_o can_v be_v grant_v seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o own_o wherefore_o where_o the_o article_n be_v ambiguous_a such_o a_o interpretation_n shall_v be_v admit_v as_o may_v lead_v we_o to_o this_o sense_n that_o he_o that_o undertake_v a_o just_a war_n shall_v receive_v what_o he_o fight_v for_o together_o with_o his_o cost_n and_o damage_n but_o not_o that_o he_o shall_v get_v any_o thing_n more_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o this_o savour_n of_o rigour_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v restrain_v but_o because_o a_o bare_a acknowledgement_n of_o wrong_n do_v seldom_o procure_v a_o last_a peace_n therefore_o in_o article_n of_o peace_n such_o a_o interpretation_n shall_v be_v admit_v as_o may_v according_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o war_n make_v the_o balance_n on_o both_o side_n even_o which_o may_v be_v do_v two_o way_n either_o by_o a_o equal_a composure_n of_o
be_v to_o be_v esteem_v beyond_o the_o thing_n page_n 162_o 163_o to_o use_v a_o man_n help_n be_v offer_v be_v lawful_a though_o to_o he_o that_o offer_v it_o it_o be_v unlawful_a page_n 446_o usurper_n who_o page_n 405_o a_o usurper_n not_o to_o be_v kill_v but_o oblige_v by_o private_a man_n by_o who_o he_o may_v 64_o 65_o 66._o his_o act_n bind_v not_o a_o lawful_a king_n 180._o but_o in_o some_o case_n his_o subject_n page_n 64_o 65_o usura_fw-la &_o foenus_fw-la how_o distinguish_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n page_n 163_o usury_n by_o what_o law_n forbid_v 162._o under_o it_o what_o gain_n fall_v ibid._n concern_v it_o what_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v determine_v 164._o what_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n ibid._n w._n war_n and_o arm_n distinguish_v pref._n vi_fw-la when_o just_o make_v pref._n xi_o to_o be_v just_o manage_v ibid._n war_n define_v 2._o prove_v lawful_a by_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o nature_n 11._o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 11_o 12._o by_o right_a reason_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o human_a society_n 12._o by_o sacred_a story_n 13._o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o wise_a in_o all_o nation_n 14._o not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n not_o to_o the_o divine_a law_n ibid._n avoid_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n to_o prevent_v some_o act_n which_o their_o religion_n allow_v not_o page_n 26_o war_n some_o lawful_a prove_v out_o of_o the_o father_n 26._o public_a private_a and_o mix_v 31._o private_a permit_v by_o moses_n 32._o after_o tribunal_n erect_v sometime_o lawful_a 31_o 32._o private_a in_o our_o own_o defence_n lawful_a 33_o 34._o solemn_a and_o less_o solemn_a ibid._n sometime_o make_v by_o inferior_a officer_n and_o whether_o such_o a_o war_n be_v solemn_a or_o public_a 35._o whether_o make_v by_o inferior_a commander_n by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o prince_n ibid._n war_n to_o make_v without_o commission_n from_o the_o prince_n treason_n ibid._n solemn_a can_v be_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n page_n 35_o 36_o 452._o the_o war_n of_o manlius_n against_o the_o galatae_n caius_n caesar_n in_o germany_n octavius_n and_o decimus_n cassius_n whether_o just_a page_n 35_o 36_o war_n against_o superior_n unlawful_a 54._o without_o cause_n unjust_a 70._o civil_a worse_o than_o tyranny_n page_n 65_o war_n shall_v be_v just_a if_o we_o will_v have_v it_o prosper_v 70._o it_o have_v three_o efficient_a cause_n principal_a auxiliary_a instrumental_a 66._o it_o begin_v where_o justice_n end_v 69._o its_o pretence_n always_o just_a though_o its_o cause_n sometime_o unjust_a page_n 70_o war_n cause_v for_o wrong_n do_v or_o in_o our_o own_o defence_n just_a 70._o make_v for_o other_o natural_o lawful_a 66._o to_o repair_v damage_n or_o to_o exact_a punishment_n lawful_a 383._o for_o punishment_n only_o seldom_o just_a 385_o 386._o make_v to_o lessen_v the_o power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n only_o unlawful_a 76_o 77._o for_o sin_n against_o god_n whether_o lawful_a 386._o without_o cause_n suspect_v to_o be_v predatory_a 405._o the_o most_o natural_a be_v that_o against_o wild_a beast_n next_o be_v that_o against_o man_n as_o brutish_a as_o beast_n page_v 384_o 385_o by_o war_n some_o thing_n gain_v be_v the_o king_n page_n 43_o 44_o war_n between_o christian_n not_o to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o scripture_n misunderstand_v 391._o then_o profitaable_a when_o our_o enemy_n will_v not_o otherwise_o do_v we_o justice_n 412._o when_o unlawful_a though_o the_o cause_n be_v good_a 409._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a 414_o 415._o undertake_v for_o religion_n or_o liberiy_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 416_o war_n make_v for_o a_o single_a subject_n not_o always_o convenient_a for_o the_o whole_a 422._o for_o the_o defence_n of_o subject_n lawful_a ibid._n for_o punishment_n seldom_o make_v by_o prince_n of_o equal_a power_n page_n 420_o the_o condition_n of_o war_n miserable_a page_n 421_o in_o war_n many_o change_n and_o chance_n happen_v which_o can_v be_v foresee_v page_n 418_o war_n may_v prudent_o be_v undertake_v where_o there_o be_v great_a cause_n and_o great_a advantage_n 420_o 421._o may_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o subject_n on_o both_o side_n just_a 415._o denounce_v against_o prince_n and_o against_o all_o that_o be_v under_o his_o government_n 447._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v make_v as_o soon_o as_o denounce_v and_o in_o what_o case_n 455._o make_v by_o pirate_n or_o subject_n have_v no_o effect_n of_o a_o solemn_a war_n ibid._n that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v make_v for_o the_o recovery_n of_o thing_n take_v away_o that_o be_v public_o decree_v and_o solemn_o denounce_v page_n 452_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a i._n e._n not_o punishable_a 457._o its_o licence_n extend_v to_o all_o that_o be_v find_v among_o enemy_n even_o stranger_n 458._o the_o innocent_a and_o nocent_a fare_n alike_o ibid._n its_o rage_n 459._o not_o to_o be_v wage_v but_o with_o some_o clemency_n 497_o 498._o especial_o among_o christian_n 495._o make_v against_o wall_n pillar_n house_n malicious_a page_n 512_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n as_o thing_n so_o a_o people_n take_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o liberty_n 530._o what_o be_v take_v shall_v be_v restore_v page_n 496_o a_o war_n may_v be_v mix_v in_o part_n public_a in_o part_n private_a 435._o may_v be_v make_v by_o soldier_n though_o wicked_a 431._o may_v be_v make_v against_o such_o as_o sin_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 384._o make_v to_o compel_v to_o christianity_n unlawful_a page_n 389_o war_n to_o be_v sometime_o avoid_v by_o prince_n for_o their_o subject_n sake_n 418._o make_v to_o establish_v peace_n 524_o 571._o for_o revenge_n not_o to_o exceed_v a_o just_a measure_n page_n 497_o 498_o unto_o a_o unâ—ust_a war_n none_o to_o be_v compel_v page_n 187_o war_n may_v lawful_o be_v make_v for_o friend_n and_o associate_n 424._o etc._n etc._n for_o the_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n 425._o for_o any_o man_n page_v 424_o war_n then_o just_a when_o necessary_a it_o shall_v be_v our_o last_o remedy_n page_n 452_o wedlock_n how_o it_o differ_v from_o matrimony_n page_n 112_o of_o weight_n or_o measure_n to_o exact_v more_o or_o less_o than_o be_v contract_v for_o be_v theft_n page_n 160_o a_o wife_n may_v rocover_v from_o her_o husband_n what_o she_o lend_v he_o if_o thereby_o he_o be_v enrich_v 147._o she_o may_v claim_v the_o estate_n if_o buy_v with_o her_o money_n ibid._n she_o have_v power_n over_o her_o husband_n body_n by_o the_o gospel_n law_n page_n 109_o wife_n many_o to_o have_v at_o once_o lawful_a of_o old_a ibid._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o forsake_v they_o ibid._n in_o favour_n to_o they_o divorce_v permit_v to_o the_o hebrew_n ibid._n wild_a beast_n how_o possess_v 135._o by_o the_o german_n give_v to_o their_o prince_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o owner_n ibid._n in_o private_a wood_n enclose_v be_v possess_v ibid._n whether_o the_o dominion_n be_v lose_v with_o the_o possession_n ibid._n and_o fish_n who_o they_o be_v 81._o that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 135_o will_n what_o have_v no_o know_a cause_n we_o refer_v to_o god_n will_v page_n 390_o the_o will_n in_o some_o case_n punishable_a 374._o natural_o mutable_a 379_o 380._o of_o the_o dead_a a_o law_n page_n 122_o the_o more_o of_o the_o will_v the_o great_a the_o sin_n ibid._n the_o will_n be_v move_v by_o thing_n real_o or_o imaginable_o good_a page_n 379_o to_o have_v understand_v the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a create_v a_o right_a page_n 122_o the_o will_v express_v by_o some_o outward_a sign_n create_v a_o guilt_n and_o make_v we_o liable_a to_o punishment_n page_n 383_o the_o will_n to_o show_v she_o own_o freedom_n act_v sometime_o without_o any_o other_o reason_n page_n 419_o 420_o wise_a man_n make_v war_n by_o constraint_n fool_n for_o delight_n page_n 421_o wisdom_n chief_a part_n be_v to_o direct_v ourselves_o in_o doubtful_a case_n the_o next_o be_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o other_o of_o great_a learning_n and_o experience_n page_n 411_o 412_o wolf_n peace_n with_o sheep_n upon_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o dog_n page_n 423_o woman_n captive_n how_v favour_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n 464._o they_o have_v no_o guard_n for_o their_o chastity_n 482._o their_o child_n slave_n bear_v ibid._n woman_n succeed_v in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v patrimonial_a 127._o how_o they_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 504._o their_o empire_n unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n page_n 144_o woman_n and_o child_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 504_o word_n signify_v by_o consent_n but_o thing_n and_o act_n not_o so_o 438._o in_o league_n take_v as_o vulgary_o understand_v page_n 190_o 191_o wreck_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n or_o peoples_n unjust_a page_n 121_o write_n be_v but_o last_a monument_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n page_n 199_o in_o a_o write_n if_o two_o clause_n clash_n and_o can_v be_v reconcile_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v incline_v ibid._n if_o its_o part_n can_v be_v reconcile_v the_o latter_a derogate_v from_o the_o former_a page_n 191_o wrong_n on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v war_n on_o the_o other_o side_n just_a page_n 70_o x._o xenophon_n institution_n of_o cyrus_n page_n 4_o xerxes_n his_o contest_v with_o artabazanes_n for_o the_o kingdom_n page_n 132_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o page_n 183_o y._n yea_o yea_o nay_o nay_o what_o it_o signify_v page_n 174_o z._n of_o zeal_n the_o judgement_n page_n 369_o in_o zealand_n the_o vassal_n pay_v tribute_n for_o their_o common_a field_n to_o the_o state_n whereunto_o every_o man_n contribute_v his_o proportion_n page_n 138_o zeleucus_n his_o law_n concern_v such_o as_o drink_v wine_n contrary_a to_o the_o prescription_n of_o their_o physician_n page_n 4_o zopyrus_n another_o sinon_n betray_v babylon_n to_o darius_n perfidious_o page_v 569_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n
deus_fw-la where_o the_o right_a be_v not_o god_n be_v not_o many_o such_o like_a say_n we_o find_v in_o procopius_n as_o that_o of_o belisarius_n upon_o his_o expedition_n into_o africa_n where_o he_o tell_v his_o army_n that_o valour_n never_o get_v the_o victory_n unless_o accompany_v with_o justice_n and_o in_o another_o speech_n of_o he_o before_o the_o battle_n fight_v near_o carthage_n we_o appeal_v say_v he_o to_o god_n for_o witness_n the_o small_a atom_n of_o who_o power_n be_v able_a to_o overbalance_n all_o humane_a strength_n he_o as_o we_o believe_v weigh_v just_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n will_v give_v success_n to_o this_o battle_n that_o be_v due_a to_o both_o party_n the_o truth_n of_o which_o say_v the_o admirable_a event_n of_o that_o fight_n do_v present_o after_o undoubted_o prove_v thus_o likewise_o totilas_n bespeak_v his_o goth_n it_o can_v be_v say_v he_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v i_o say_v that_o they_o that_o use_v violence_n and_o injustice_n shall_v gain_v honour_n in_o battle_n sed_fw-la prout_fw-la vita_fw-la cuique_fw-la est_fw-la 2._o lib._n 2._o ita_fw-la ei_fw-la obtingit_fw-la belli_fw-la fortuna_fw-la but_o according_a to_o every_o man_n life_n so_o be_v his_o fortune_n in_o the_o war._n it_o be_v therefore_o well_o advise_v by_o agathias_n injustice_n and_o the_o contempt_n of_o god_n be_v at_o all_o time_n to_o be_v abhor_v as_o dangerous_a but_o then_o most_o when_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o war_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o a_o battle_n we_o the_o good_a success_n of_o wicked_a design_n shall_v not_o discourage_v we_o neither_o shall_v any_o man_n be_v discourage_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o prosperous_a success_n of_o some_o wicked_a design_n for_o it_o suffice_v that_o the_o righteousness_n of_o the_o cause_n have_v a_o very_a great_a efficacy_n to_o excite_v valour_n and_o stir_v up_o to_o action_n although_o that_o power_n as_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o in_o humane_a affair_n be_v sometime_o hinder_v and_o frustrate_v in_o its_o effect_n by_o the_o intervention_n or_o opposition_n of_o some_o other_o cause_n beside_o the_o opinion_n that_o man_n have_v that_o the_o war_n be_v neither_o rash_o begin_v nor_o unjust_o manage_v be_v very_o prevalent_a to_o contract_v friendship_n whereby_o as_o private_a man_n so_o nation_n and_o kingdom_n reap_v infinite_a advantage_n for_o no_o man_n will_v willing_o associate_v himself_o with_o those_o friend_n the_o justice_n of_o our_o cause_n sometime_o beget_v friend_n who_o have_v no_o regard_n to_o justice_n to_o piety_n to_o fidelity_n now_o upon_o the_o reason_n above_o recite_v conclude_v with_o myself_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a law_n common_a among_o nation_n guide_v they_o as_o well_o to_o as_o in_o the_o war_n work_n the_o author_n motive_n to_o undertake_v this_o work_n i_o have_v many_o and_o those_o very_a weighty_a motive_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o compile_v this_o treatise_n of_o it_o for_o i_o very_o well_o see_v throughout_o the_o christian_a world_n so_o great_a a_o licence_n of_o make_v war_n and_o of_o run_v into_o arm_n upon_o every_o light_a cause_n and_o sometime_o upon_o none_o at_o all_o that_o even_o the_o barbarian_n will_v have_v be_v ashamed_a to_o have_v own_v it_o war_n 1._o a_o general_a licence_n in_o make_v war_n and_o also_o that_o arm_n be_v once_o take_v up_o there_o be_v no_o reverence_n at_o all_o have_v to_o law_n either_o divine_a or_o humane_a but_o just_a as_o if_o some_o fury_n have_v be_v send_v out_o to_o kill_v and_o destroy_v restraint_n and_o in_o manage_v it_o without_o restraint_n so_o war_n be_v begin_v a_o general_a licence_n be_v grant_v to_o work_v all_o manner_n of_o mischief_n whatsoever_o the_o consideration_n of_o which_o barbarous_a cruelty_n give_v occasion_n to_o many_o man_n not_o evil_a to_o teach_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o christian_a who_o religion_n principal_o consist_v in_o promote_a love_n and_o charity_n among_o all_o man_n to_o take_v arm_n with_o who_o ferus_fw-la and_o our_o countryman_n erasmus_n seem_v sometime_o to_o accord_v both_o of_o they_o be_v great_a lover_n of_o peace_n ferus_fw-la erasmus_n &_o jo._n ferus_fw-la ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a but_o as_o i_o suppose_v with_o that_o intent_n only_o as_o we_o usual_o have_v when_o we_o bend_v a_o stick_n in_o itself_o crooked_a so_o far_o to_o the_o other_o side_n as_o may_v probable_o upon_o its_o return_n make_v it_o straight_o but_o this_o very_a design_n of_o too_o much_o contradiction_n be_v so_o far_o from_o do_v good_a that_o it_o do_v much_o hurt_v because_o that_o we_o may_v easy_o perceive_v that_o their_o urge_n of_o these_o thing_n too_o far_o do_v detract_v from_o their_o authority_n in_o other_o thing_n though_o haply_o true_a we_o ought_v therefore_o to_o moderate_v between_o these_o two_o as_o well_o that_o all_o thing_n may_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v lawful_a in_o war_n as_o that_o nothing_o moreover_o another_o design_n i_o have_v namely_o law_n 2._o motive_n to_o promote_v learning_n especial_o in_o the_o law_n that_o be_v unworthy_o banish_v my_o own_o country_n which_o with_o so_o many_o of_o my_o labour_n i_o have_v honour_v i_o may_v promote_v now_o by_o my_o private_a study_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n which_o heretofore_o i_o practise_v in_o public_a office_n with_o as_o much_o integrity_n as_o i_o possible_o can_v many_o have_v endeavour_v heretofore_o to_o reduce_v this_o into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o art_n but_o none_o as_o yet_o have_v do_v it_o neither_o indeed_o can_v it_o be_v do_v unless_o what_o no_o man_n have_v yet_o take_v sufficient_a care_n of_o those_o law_n which_o be_v establish_v by_o humane_a authority_n be_v right_o separate_v from_o those_o that_o be_v natural_a for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v always_o the_o same_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v into_o a_o art_n but_o those_o that_o arise_v by_o constitution_n see_v that_o they_o be_v both_o often_o change_v and_o be_v also_o diverse_a in_o diverse_a nation_n be_v put_v without_o art_n as_o the_o collection_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v singular_a but_o if_o the_o doctor_n of_o true_a justice_n will_v but_o undertake_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o part_n of_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a jurisprudence_n set_v aside_o what_o have_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o will_n so_o that_o one_o will_v treat_v of_o law_n another_o of_o tribute_n another_o of_o the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n another_o of_o the_o conjecture_n of_o will_n and_o another_o of_o the_o proof_n of_o matter_n of_o fact_n then_o by_o a_o collection_n of_o all_o these_o part_n a_o body_n may_v be_v compose_v but_o what_o method_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o use_v method_n the_o author_n method_n we_o have_v show_v rather_o in_o deed_n than_o word_n in_o this_o treatise_n which_o contain_v that_o part_n of_o jurisprudence_n which_o be_v by_o far_o the_o most_o noble_a for_o in_o the_o first_o book_n book_n the_o subject_a of_o the_o first_o book_n have_v discover_v the_o original_a of_o right_n we_o have_v handle_v this_o general_a question_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o war_n that_o be_v lawful_a and_o next_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o public_a and_o private_a war_n may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o discover_v we_o think_v fit_a to_o explain_v the_o just_a right_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n what_o people_n may_v have_v it_o and_o what_o king_n and_o which_o of_o these_o have_v it_o either_o full_o or_o in_o part_n only_o and_o again_o which_o of_o they_o may_v have_v it_o with_o a_o power_n of_o alienation_n and_o which_o otherwise_o and_o then_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o subject_n towards_o their_o lawful_a prince_n or_o to_o their_o superior_n our_o second_o book_n second_o of_o the_o second_o undertake_v to_o expound_v all_o the_o cause_n from_o whence_o a_o war_n may_v arise_v show_v at_o large_a what_o thing_n be_v common_a and_o what_o private_a what_o right_a person_n may_v have_v over_o person_n what_o obligation_n arise_v from_o dominion_n by_o what_o rule_n kingly_a succession_n be_v guide_v what_o right_o arise_v from_o covenant_n and_o contract_n what_o interpretation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o league_n what_o force_n and_o what_o interpretation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o oath_n both_o public_a and_o private_a what_o may_v be_v due_a for_o damage_n do_v what_o sanctimony_n be_v due_a to_o ambassador_n what_o right_o to_o bury_v the_o dead_a and_o what_o the_o nature_n of_o punishment_n be_v and_o the_o like_a our_o three_o book_n treat_v of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o war_n lawful_a three_o of_o the_o three_o and_o have_v distinguish_v between_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a or_o that_o which_o among_o foreign_a nation_n be_v defend_v as_o lawful_a and_o between_o that_o which_o be_v altogether_o blameless_a descend_v
afterward_o to_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o peace_n and_o to_o all_o covenant_n or_o agreement_n make_v in_o war_n which_o appear_v for_o this_o reason_n to_o be_v worth_a our_o pain_n because_o as_o i_o have_v say_v no_o man_n have_v ever_o yet_o treat_v upon_o this_o subject_n and_o they_o that_o have_v handle_v the_o part_n of_o it_o have_v leave_v very_o much_o to_o other_o man_n industry_n there_o be_v nothing_o of_o this_o subject_a extant_a from_o the_o old_a philosopher_n neither_o of_o the_o grecian_n among_o who_o aristotle_n indeed_o have_v compose_v a_o book_n entitle_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o right_n of_o war_n nor_o among_o the_o christian_n which_o yet_o be_v a_o work_n very_o desiderable_a nay_o of_o those_o book_n write_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n concern_v their_o fecial_a law_n there_o be_v nothing_o traduce_v unto_o we_o but_o the_o bare_a name_n they_o that_o collect_v the_o sum_n of_o such_o case_n as_o they_o call_v case_n of_o conscience_n have_v as_o of_o other_o thing_n so_o also_o of_o war_n of_o promise_n of_o oath_n and_o of_o reprizal_n write_v whole_a chapter_n i_o have_v also_o see_v some_o special_a book_n write_v of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n partly_o by_o divine_n as_o by_o franciscus_n de_fw-fr victoria_n henricus_fw-la gorichemus_fw-la willielmus_fw-la mathaeus_n johannes_n de_fw-fr carthagena_n and_o partly_o by_o doctor_n of_o the_o law_n as_o by_o johannes_n lupus_n franciscus_n arius_n johannes_n de_fw-fr lignano_n and_o martinus_n laudensis_n but_o on_o so_o copious_a a_o argument_n they_o all_o of_o they_o say_v but_o very_o little_a and_o most_o of_o they_o so_o that_o they_o have_v confound_v thing_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o divine_a law_n thing_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o thing_n due_a by_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n mix_v they_o altogether_o without_o either_o order_n or_o distinction_n but_o what_o all_o these_o be_v most_o defective_a in_o namely_o the_o light_n of_o history_n the_o most_o learned_a faber_n in_o some_o chapter_n of_o his_o semestria_fw-la but_o so_o far_o only_o as_o conduce_v to_o his_o purpose_n and_o allege_v testimony_n only_o have_v endeavove_v to_o supply_v so_o also_o do_v balthasar_n ayala_n but_o somewhat_o more_o full_o and_o albertus_n gentilis_fw-la yet_o more_o full_o than_o ayala_n who_o labour_n as_o i_o know_v they_o may_v be_v helpful_a to_o other_o and_o confess_v have_v be_v to_o i_o so_o what_o may_v be_v want_v in_o he_o either_o in_o the_o way_n of_o teach_v or_o in_o his_o method_n or_o in_o distinguish_v of_o question_n and_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o diverse_a law_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o reader_n judgement_n this_o only_a i_o shall_v say_v that_o in_o his_o decision_n of_o controversy_n he_o usual_o follow_v either_o some_o few_o example_n not_o altogether_o to_o be_v allow_v or_o he_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o some_o modern_a lawyer_n in_o their_o answer_n many_o whereof_o be_v frame_v in_o favour_n to_o their_o client_n more_o than_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n the_o cause_n that_o render_v a_o war_n either_o just_a or_o unjust_a be_v not_o by_o ayala_n so_o much_o as_o touch_v gentilis_fw-la have_v indeed_o describe_v some_o general_a head_n in_o such_o a_o way_n as_o please_v himself_o but_o many_o place_n of_o such_o controversy_n as_o be_v both_o noble_a and_o very_a frequent_a he_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o glance_v at_o now_o lest_o any_o such_o shall_v escape_v we_o we_o have_v adventure_v to_o discover_v the_o very_a foundation_n whereupon_o we_o may_v build_v our_o judgement_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v easy_a to_o decide_v any_o such_o question_n as_o shall_v happen_v by_o we_o to_o be_v omit_v law_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n how_o prove_v and_o how_o distinguish_v from_o other_o law_n it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o brief_o declare_v by_o who_o assistance_n and_o with_o what_o care_n we_o undertake_v this_o work_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n my_o care_n be_v to_o refer_v the_o proof_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o such_o notion_n as_o be_v so_o certain_a and_o undoubted_o true_a that_o no_o man_n without_o wrong_v his_o own_o judgement_n can_v deny_v they_o for_o the_o principle_n of_o that_o law_n if_o right_o observe_v be_v as_o plain_a and_o evident_a of_o themselves_o almost_o as_o those_o we_o discern_v with_o our_o outward_a sense_n which_o if_o our_o organ_n be_v right_o dispose_v and_o other_o thing_n thereunto_o necessary_a not_o want_v can_v deceive_v we_o therefore_o euripides_n bring_v in_o polynices_n assert_v the_o righteousness_n of_o his_o own_o cause_n thus_o these_o thing_n be_v plain_a and_o regular_o due_a both_o learned_a and_o unlearned_a must_v confess_v be_v true_a whereunto_o he_o present_o add_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o chorus_n which_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o barbarian_n consist_v all_o of_o woman_n acknowledge_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o polynices_n have_v say_v the_o same_o author_n in_o another_o place_n bring_v in_o hermione_n say_v we_o live_v not_o like_o barbarian_n here_o i_o trow_v whereunto_o andromache_n answer_v yet_o what_o with_o they_o be_v ill_o with_o we_o be_v so_o for_o the_o proof_n also_o of_o this_o law_n i_o have_v likewise_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o philosopher_n historian_n poet_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n orator_n not_o that_o they_o be_v all_o either_o equal_o or_o rash_o to_o be_v believe_v for_o they_o speak_v many_o thing_n in_o favour_n to_o their_o own_o sect_n and_o to_o the_o argument_n or_o cause_n they_o undertake_v to_o defend_v but_o that_o which_o many_o wise_a man_n live_v in_o several_a age_n and_o in_o several_a place_n do_v all_o of_o they_o affirm_v to_o be_v true_a and_o certain_a that_o i_o say_v aught_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o some_o universal_a cause_n which_o in_o these_o question_n bring_v by_o we_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o either_o some_o inference_n direct_o draw_v from_o the_o very_a principle_n of_o nature_n or_o from_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n the_o former_a show_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o latter_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o difference_n between_o these_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o testimony_n themselves_o distinguish_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n how_o distinguish_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n be_v every_o where_n by_o writer_n promiscuous_o use_v but_o by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o matter_n for_o that_o which_o can_v be_v deduce_v from_o certain_a principle_n by_o certain_a and_o conclude_a argument_n and_o yet_o every_o where_o appear_v to_o be_v observe_v we_o may_v conclude_v have_v its_o rise_n or_o beginning_n from_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o will_n and_o therefore_o i_o alone_o have_v endeavour_v to_o distinguish_v these_o two_o not_o only_o one_o from_o another_o but_o both_o of_o they_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n right_a in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o which_o be_v perfect_o right_a distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o have_v some_o effect_n of_o right_a i_o have_v distinguish_v that_o which_o be_v true_o and_o in_o every_o respect_n right_o from_o that_o which_o have_v only_o get_v a_o certain_a outward_a effect_n like_o unto_o that_o of_o primitive_a right_n namely_o that_o it_o may_v not_o lawful_o be_v resist_v or_o that_o it_o ought_v every_o where_o to_o be_v defend_v even_o by_o public_a force_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o profit_n or_o that_o some_o great_a inconvenience_n may_v be_v eschew_v which_o how_o necessary_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v will_v appear_v in_o the_o contexture_n of_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n nor_o have_v i_o be_v less_o careful_a to_o distinguish_v between_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v right_o strict_o and_o proper_o take_v whence_o arise_v the_o obligation_n to_o restitution_n and_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v so_o account_v because_o to_o do_v otherwise_o will_v be_v repugnant_a to_o some_o other_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n of_o which_o diversity_n of_o right_n we_o have_v say_v somewhat_o already_o both_o here_o and_o above_o commend_v aristotle_n commend_v among_o philosopher_n aristotle_n deserve_o claim_v the_o pre-eminence_n whether_o we_o consider_v the_o order_n of_o his_o treatise_n his_o acute_a distinction_n or_o the_o strength_n and_o weight_n of_o his_o reason_n only_o i_o wish_v that_o this_o principality_n of_o he_o have_v not_o for_o some_o age_n past_a degenerate_v into_o tyranny_n so_o that_o truth_n for_o the_o discovery_n whereof_o aristotle_n take_v so_o great_a pain_n find_v no_o great_a oppressor_n than_o the_o very_a name_n of_o aristotle_n ay_o as_o well_o here_o as_o elsewhere_o do_v challenge_n to_o myself_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o ancient_a
peculiar_a to_o themselves_o to_o wit_n the_o politic_n which_o aristotle_n right_o so_o handle_v by_o itself_o that_o he_o mix_v nothing_o of_o any_o other_o art_n with_o it_o whereas_o bodine_n on_o the_o contrary_a confound_v that_o art_n with_o this_o of_o we_o yet_o in_o many_o place_n i_o have_v glance_v at_o that_o which_o be_v profitable_a but_o on_o the_o by_o and_o only_o that_o i_o may_v the_o more_o clear_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o which_o be_v just_a whosoever_o think_v that_o i_o have_v any_o regard_n to_o the_o controversy_n of_o this_o age_n either_o those_o already_o on_o foot_n or_o those_o that_o may_v be_v easy_o foresee_v will_v arise_v do_v i_o wrong_n for_o i_o confess_v true_o that_o as_o mathematician_n consider_v form_n abstract_v from_o body_n so_o i_o in_o treat_v of_o right_a have_v withdraw_v my_o mind_n from_o all_o singular_a fact_n as_o to_o the_o style_n style_n his_o style_n i_o be_v unwilling_a to_o oppress_v my_o reader_n with_o a_o multitude_n of_o word_n add_v to_o a_o multitude_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v treat_v of_o who_o my_o purpose_n be_v only_o to_o instruct_v therefore_o i_o choose_v rather_o to_o express_v myself_o in_o as_o plain_a and_o concise_a a_o way_n as_o i_o can_v as_o be_v most_o convenient_a for_o he_o that_o will_v teach_v other_o that_o so_o they_o that_o be_v to_o transact_v public_a affair_n may_v at_o one_o view_n see_v both_o what_o kind_n of_o controversy_n do_v usual_o arise_v and_o by_o what_o principle_n their_o judgement_n may_v be_v guide_v to_o determine_v they_o which_o once_o know_v it_o will_v be_v no_o difficult_a thing_n to_o fit_v their_o discourse_n to_o the_o subject_a matter_n and_o to_o enlarge_v themselves_o upon_o it_o as_o they_o please_v i_o have_v also_o bring_v in_o the_o ancient_n sometime_o speak_v their_o own_o word_n wheresoever_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v speak_v either_o with_o some_o gravity_n or_o with_o some_o singular_a elegancy_n which_o i_o have_v also_o sometime_o do_v the_o greek_n but_o then_o especial_o when_o the_o sentence_n be_v either_o brief_a or_o when_o i_o can_v not_o so_o graceful_o translate_v it_o into_o latin_a which_o notwithstanding_o i_o have_v always_o subjoin_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o those_o who_o be_v not_o expert_a in_o that_o dialect_n the_o same_o liberty_n that_o i_o have_v herein_o take_v in_o judge_v of_o the_o sentence_n and_o write_n of_o other_o the_o very_a same_o i_o say_v do_v i_o hearty_o beg_v and_o entreat_v all_o into_o who_o hand_n this_o book_n of_o i_o shall_v come_v to_o take_v in_o judge_v of_o i_o and_o i_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v more_o ready_a to_o admonish_v i_o of_o my_o error_n than_o i_o shall_v be_v to_o retract_v they_o and_o to_o follow_v their_o advice_n and_o even_o now_o at_o this_o present_a if_o there_o have_v fall_v from_o i_o in_o this_o treatise_n any_o thing_n that_o be_v dissonant_n to_o piety_n to_o good_a manner_n to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n if_o any_o thing_n disagree_v from_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n or_o from_o any_o truth_n whatsoever_o i_o wish_v with_o all_o my_o heart_n it_o have_v never_o be_v speak_v hugo_n grotius_n the_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n i._o what_o war_n be_v and_o what_o right_o page_n 1_o ii_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a at_o any_o time_n to_o make_v war_n page_n 11_o iii_o war_n divide_v into_o public_a and_o private_a the_o supreme_a power_n explain_v page_n 31_o iu_o of_o war_n make_v by_o subject_n against_o their_o superior_n page_n 53_o v._n who_o may_v lawful_o make_v war_n page_n 66_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n i._o of_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n and_o first_o of_o war_n make_v in_o our_o own_o defence_n page_n 69_o ii_o of_o such_o thing_n wherein_o man_n have_v a_o right_n in_o common_a page_z 78_o iii_o of_o originary_a acquisition_n of_o thing_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n page_z 88_o iu_o of_o a_o presume_v dereliction_n and_o the_o occupancy_n follow_v and_o wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o prescription_n and_o vsucapion_n page_n 97_o v._n how_o a_o right_a over_o person_n be_v original_o gain_v of_o the_o right_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n of_o matrimony_n college_n or_o society_n of_o the_o right_n of_o king_n over_o subject_n of_o master_n over_o servant_n page_z 103_o vi_o of_o that_o right_n that_o be_v derivative_o acquire_v by_o the_o voluntary_a fact_n of_o a_o man_n wherein_o be_v handle_v the_o right_n of_o the_o alienation_n of_o empire_n and_o the_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v page_n 118_o vii_o of_o that_o right_a that_o be_v acquire_v by_o law_n and_o of_o succession_n from_o a_o intestate_a page_n 121_o viii_o of_o dominion_n vulgar_o say_v to_o be_v acquire_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n page_n 134_o ix_o how_o empire_n and_o dominion_n may_v cease_v page_n 141_o x._o what_o obligation_n arise_v from_o dominion_n page_n 146_o xi_o of_o promise_n page_n 150_o xii_o of_o contract_n page_n 157_o xiii_o of_o oath_n page_n 166_o fourteen_o of_o the_o promise_n contract_n and_o oath_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n page_n 176_o xv._o of_o league_n and_o sponsion_n page_n 181_o xvi_o of_o the_o interpretation_n of_o league_n etc._n etc._n page_n 236_o xvii_o of_o the_o damage_n do_v to_o one_o man_n through_o the_o default_n of_o another_o and_o of_o the_o obligation_n thence_o arise_v page_n 200_o xviii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n page_n 205_o xix_o of_o the_o right_n of_o burial_n page_n 213_o xx._n of_o punishment_n page_n 361_o xxi_o of_o the_o communication_n of_o punishment_n page_n 393_o xxii_o of_o unjust_a cause_n of_o war_n page_n 404_o xxiii_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n that_o be_v doubtful_a page_n 410_o xxiv_o war_n though_o just_o not_o to_o be_v undertake_v rash_o page_n 416_o xxv_o for_o what_o cause_n war_n may_v be_v undertake_v for_o other_o page_z 422_o xxvi_o how_o war_n may_v be_v just_o wage_v by_o such_o as_o be_v subject_a to_o another_o command_n page_n 427_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o three_o book_n i._o certain_a general_n rule_n show_v what_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v lawful_a in_o war_n where_o also_o of_o fraud_n and_o lie_v page_n 433_o ii_o how_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o good_n of_o subject_n may_v be_v oblige_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o their_o governor_n where_o also_o of_o reprizal_n page_n 446_o iii_o of_o a_o just_a or_o solemn_a war_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o its_o denomination_n page_n 450_o iu_o of_o the_o right_n of_o kill_v enemy_n in_o a_o solemn_a war_n and_o of_o other_o force_n on_o the_o body_n page_z 455_o v._o of_o spoil_n and_o rapine_n commit_v in_o war_n page_n 465_o vi_o of_o the_o right_n to_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n page_n 468_o vii_o of_o the_o right_n over_o captive_n take_v in_o war_n page_n 481_o viii_o of_o empire_n over_o the_o vanquish_a page_n 485_o ix_o of_o postliminy_n or_o the_o right_n of_o such_o as_o return_v out_o of_o captivity_n page_n 487_o x._o admonition_n concern_v thing_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 494_o xi_o moderation_n to_o be_v use_v in_o the_o kill_n of_o man_n in_o a_o just_a war_n page_n 497_o xii_o moderation_n to_o be_v use_v in_o the_o spoil_v of_o a_o enemy_n country_n page_n 511_o xiii_o moderation_n concern_v thing_n take_v in_o war_n page_n 517_o fourteen_o moderation_n concern_v captive_n page_n 519_o xv._o moderation_n in_o the_o acquire_n of_o empire_n page_n 524_o xvi_o moderation_n concern_v thing_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n want_v te_fw-mi benefit_n of_o postliminy_n page_n 528_o xvii_o of_o neuter_n in_o war_n page_n 531_o xviii_o concern_v thing_n private_o do_v in_o a_o public_a war_n page_n 534_o xix_o concern_v faith_n to_o be_v keep_v with_o enemy_n page_n 536_o xx._n concern_v the_o public_a faith_n treaty_n lot_n set_a combat_n arbitriment_n surrender_n hostage_n pledge_n page_n 543_o xxi_o of_o faith_n during_o war_n of_o truce_n pass_n safe-conduct_a and_o redemption_n of_o prisoner_n page_z 557_o xxii_o concern_v faith_n give_v by_o inferior_a commander_n in_o war_n page_n 563_o xxiii_o of_o faith_n give_v in_o war_n by_o private_a man_n page_z 566_o xxiv_o of_o faith_n tacit_o give_v page_n 569_o xxv_o the_o conclusion_n with_o admonition_n to_o keep_v faith_n and_o peace_n page_n 571_o place_n of_o scripture_n in_o this_o treatise_n either_o explain_v examine_v or_o amend_v genesis_n gen._n ch._n 1_o ver._n 29_o man_n right_a p_o 78_o gen._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 17_o the_o tree_n of_o knowledge_n of_o good_a and_o evil._n p_o 79_o gen._n ch._n 4_o ver._n 14_o 24_o whosoever_o shall_v find_v i_o shall_v kill_v i_o p_o 15_o gen._n ch._n 6_o ver._n 4_o giant_n p_o 79_o gen._n ch._n 9_o
mark_n mark_v ch._n 6_o ver._n 45_o he_o constrain_v his_o disciple_n p_o 390_o mark_n ver._n 48_o make_v as_o if_o he_o will_v have_v go_v p_o 439_o mark_n ch._n 14_o ver._n 21_o it_o have_v be_v better_a p_o 366_o luck_n luke_n ch._n 2_o ver._n 1_o all_o the_o world_n p_o 407_o luke_n ch._n 3_o ver._n 14_o be_v content_n with_o your_o wage_n p_o 23_o 53_o luke_n ch._n 13_o ver._n 33_o a_o prophet_n perish_v out_o of_o jerusalem_n p_o 48_o luke_n ch._n 14_o ver._n 23_o compel_v they_o to_o come_v in_o p_o 390_o luke_n ch._n 17_o ver._n 3_o forgive_v if_o he_o repent_v p_o 371_o luke_n ch._n 18_o ver._n 7_o 8_o shall_v not_o god_n revenge_v p_o 33_o luke_n ch._n 22_o ver._n 30_o destroy_v this_o temple_n p_o 441_o luke_n ver._n 36_o buy_v a_o sword_n p_o 33_o luke_n ch._n 24_o ver._n 28_o make_v as_o if_o he_o will_v have_v go_v p_o 438_o john_n john_n ch._n 4_o ver._n 9_o water_n of_o the_o woman_n of_o samaria_n p_o 185_o john_n ch._n 8_o ver._n 7_o cast_v the_o first_o stone_n p_o 363_o john_n ch._n 11_o ver._n 11_o lazarus_n sleep_v p_o 440_o john_n ch._n 33_o ver._n 21_o destroy_v this_o temple_n p_o 441_o john_n ch._n 18_o ver._n 8.9_o suffer_v these_o to_o go_v p_o 33_o john_n ver._n 36_o my_o kingdom_n be_v not_o of_o this_o p_o 408_o acts._n act_n ch._n 10_o ver._n 2_o cornelius_n p_o 8_o act_n ch._n 13_o ver._n 2_o sergius_n paulus_n p_o 20_o act_n ch._n 16_o ver._n 3_o paul_n circumcise_v timothy_n and_o why_o p_o 439_o act_n ch._n 17_o ver._n 4_o pious_a grecian_n p_o 8_o act_n ch._n 25_o ver._n 11_o i_o refuse_v not_o to_o die_v p_o 21_o act_n ch._n 26_o king_n agrippa_n p_o 18_o act_n ch._n 28_o ver._n 18_o they_o find_v no_o cause_n of_o death_n in_o i_o p_o 20_o roman_n rom._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 14_o by_o nature_n the_o thing_n of_o the_o law_n p_o 9_o rom._n ch._n 3_o ver._n 27_o the_o law_n of_o work_n p_o 17_o rom._n ch._n 5_o ver._n 12_o judge_v those_o that_o be_v without_o p_o 408_o rom._n ch._n 7_o ver._n 12_o the_o law_n be_v holy_a and_o just_a p_o 10_o rom._n ver._n 14_o spiritual_n law_n p_o 17_o 18_o rom._n ch._n 10_o ver._n 5_o the_o law_n lead_v unto_o christ_n p_o 10_o rom._n ch._n 12_o ver._n 19_o avenge_v not_o yourselves_o p_o 31_o 33_o rom._n ch._n 13_o ver._n 1_o let_v every_o soul_n p_o 18_o 24_o 59_o rom._n ver._n 2_o subject_n not_o resist_v p_o 55_o rom._n ver._n 4_o for_o conscience_n sake_n p_o 33_o rom._n ver._n 5_o he_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n etc._n etc._n ib._n rom._n ver._n 6_o tribute_n p_o 20_o rom._n ch._n 14_o ver._n 23_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n p_o 411_o 1_o corinthian_n 1_o cor._n ch._n 4._o ver._n 6_o p_o 439_o 1_o cor._n ver._n 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o christian_n not_o to_o go_v to_o law_n p_o 21_o 1_o cor._n ch._n 6_o ver._n 17_o all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a p_o 456_o 1_o cor._n ver._n 10_o who_o without_o repentance_n p_o 49_o 1_o cor._n ch._n 7_o ver._n 21_o servant_n be_v content_a p_o 407_o 1_o cor._n ver._n 25_o no_o commandment_n from_o the_o lord_n p_o 109_o 1_o cor._n ver._n 36_o virgin_n not_o to_o choose_v for_o themselves_o p_o 107_o 1_o cor._n ch._n 11_o ver._n 14_o man_n not_o to_o wear_v long_a hair_n p_o 165_o 2_o corinthian_n 2_o cor._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 20_o yea_o and_o amen_n p_o 174_o 2_o cor._n ch._n 6_o ver._n 14_o what_o fellowship_n have_v christ_n with_o belial_n p_o 186_o 2_o cor._n ch._n 10_o ver._n 34_o the_o weapon_n of_o our_o warfare_n p_o 24_o 2_o cor._n ch._n 12_o ver._n 14_o but_o parent_n for_o their_o child_n p_o 124_o galatian_n gal._n ch._n 3_o ver._n 25_o the_o law_n be_v our_o guide_n p_o 10_o gal._n ch._n 4_o ver._n 1_o the_o pupil_n during_o nonage_n p_o 89_o gal._n ch._n 6_o ver._n 5_o servant_n not_o to_o fly_v p_o 116_o ephesian_n eph._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 3_o by_o nature_n child_n of_o wrath_n p_o 165_o eph._n ver._n 14_o the_o partition_n wall_n p_o 9_o 20_o eph._n ch._n 6_o ver._n 12_o wrestle_v not_o against_o flesh_n p_o 24_o philippian_n phil._n ch._n 4_o ver._n 8_o all_o honesty_n and_o virtue_n p_o 21_o colossian_n colos_n ch._n 3_o ver._n 22_o servant_n to_o please_v their_o master_n p_o 117_o 1_o thessalonian_o 1_o thess_n ch._n 1_o ver._n 15_o equal_o yoke_v with_o unbeliever_n p_o 186_o 1_o timothy_n 1_o tim._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 1_o 2_o 3_o prayer_n for_o king_n p_o 17_o 1_o tim._n ch._n 5_o ver._n 3_o 17_o to_o honour_n be_v to_o do_v good_a p_o 170_o titus_n tit._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 9_o servant_n not_o to_o fly_v from_o their_o master_n p_o 116_o 117_o hebrew_n heb._n ch._n 4_o ver._n 17_o by_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o god_n shall_v lie_v p_o 168_o heb._n ch._n 7_o ver._n 4_o the_o ten_o of_o the_o spoil_n p_o 468_o heb._n ver._n 16_o the_o law_n of_o a_o carnal_a commandment_n p_o 17_o heb._n ver._n 19_o the_o law_n imperfect_a p_o 10_o heb._n ch._n 8_o ver._n 7_o have_v the_o first_o covenant_n be_v blameless_a ibid._n heb._n ch._n 11_o ver._n 6_o religion_n a_o access_n unto_o god_n p_o 388_o heb._n ver._n 34_o by_o faith_n p_o 13_o james_n james_n ch._n 4_o ver._n 1_o whence_o come_v war._n p_o 24_o james_n ch._n 5_o ver._n 12_o above_o all_o thing_n swear_v not_o p_o 174_o 1_o peter_n 1_o pet._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 1_o to_o king_n as_o supreme_a to_o magistrate_n as_o subordinate_a p_o 58_o 59_o 1_o pet._n ver._n 17_o 18_o honour_n the_o king_n servant_n be_v subject_a p_o 57_o 1_o john_n 1_o john_n ch._n 2_o ver._n 16_o the_o lust_n of_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o eye_n p_o 379_o 1_o john_n ch._n 3_o ver._n 16_o lay_v down_o our_o life_n for_o our_o brethren_n p_o 34_o 1_o john_n ch._n 5_o ver._n 16_o sin_n unto_o death_n p_o 366_o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o author_n of_o this_o translation_n be_v by_o profession_n a_o divine_a eminent_a for_o learning_n and_o well_o skilled_a in_o the_o civil_a law_n he_o be_v a_o great_a admirer_n of_o the_o work_n of_o hugo_n grotius_n anâ—_n value_v he_o particular_o upon_o this_o treatise_n of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n wherein_o find_v matter_n fit_a for_o a_o general_a communication_n he_o think_v it_o well_o worth_a his_o time_n to_o translate_v it_o be_v the_o labour_n or_o rather_o pastime_n of_o the_o last_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o life_n to_o perfect_v it_o which_o he_o intend_v to_o print_v during_o his_o life_n and_o so_o we_o find_v it_o in_o his_o study_n after_o his_o death_n and_o although_o it_o add_v nothing_o to_o the_o value_n of_o his_o estate_n yet_o we_o to_o who_o he_o commit_v the_o care_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n think_v it_o our_o duty_n to_o make_v this_o public_a believe_v it_o will_v prove_v a_o more_o durable_a monument_n to_o preserve_v his_o memory_n than_o any_o other_o we_o can_v raise_v unto_o he_o while_o it_o be_v in_o the_o original_a it_o be_v a_o jewel_n but_o hide_v from_o vulgar_a capacity_n it_o be_v no_o less_o a_o jewel_n now_o it_o be_v make_v intelligible_a to_o every_o capacity_n we_o shall_v not_o enlarge_v this_o epistle_n in_o praise_n either_o of_o the_o work_n or_o the_o author_n the_o translation_n be_v sufficient_a for_o both_o if_o thou_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o read_v it_o john_n nelham_n thomas_n whitfield_n nou._n 1681._o hugh_n grotius_n of_o the_o right_n of_o peace_n &_o war_n book_n i._n chap._n i._n what_o war_n be_v and_o what_o right_o be_v i._o the_o order_n of_o the_o whole_a treatise_n ii_o the_o definition_n of_o war_n and_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n bellum_n iii_o right_n as_o it_o be_v attribute_v to_o action_n define_v and_o divide_v into_o that_o which_o concern_v governor_n and_o that_o which_o concern_v equal_n iu._n right_o take_v for_o a_o quality_n divide_v into_o faculty_n and_o aptitude_n or_o fitness_n v._o faculty_n strict_o take_v divide_v into_o power_n dominion_n and_o credit_n vi_o another_o division_n of_o faculty_n into_o that_o which_o be_v vulgar_a and_o that_o which_o be_v high_a and_o eminent_a vii_o aptitude_n what_o viii_o of_o expletive_a and_o attributive_a justice_n not_o right_o distinguish_v by_o geometrical_a and_o arithmetical_a proportion_n nor_o in_o that_o this_o be_v conversant_a about_o thing_n common_a that_o about_o thing_n private_a ix_o right_o as_o take_v for_o a_o law_n how_o define_v and_o divide_v into_o natural_a and_o voluntary_a x._o the_o law_n of_o nature_n define_v divide_v and_o distinguish_v from_o such_o as_o be_v not_o proper_o so_o call_v xi_o that_o natural_a instinct_n either_o common_a with_o other_o live_a creature_n or_o
imprisonment_n yea_o and_o even_o to_o death_n itself_o this_o then_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n and_o be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o municipal_a law_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n and_o so_o the_o voice_n of_o god_n himself_o whereunto_o whosoever_o willing_o conform_v himself_o will_v certain_o so_o moderate_a his_o desire_n that_o he_o will_v never_o covet_v what_o be_v not_o his_o own_o nor_o either_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n impoverish_v other_o for_o his_o own_o private_a gain_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o unnatural_a nothing_o more_o unreasonable_a nothing_o more_o destructive_a to_o humane_a society_n neither_o be_v it_o against_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a society_n for_o a_o man_n to_o provide_v for_o himself_o so_o as_o he_o do_v not_o damnify_v his_o neighbour_n and_o by_o consequence_n that_o force_n which_o do_v not_o violate_v another_o man_n right_n be_v not_o unjust_a which_o the_o same_o cicero_n thus_o express_v since_o there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o decertation_n the_o one_o by_o argument_n the_o other_o by_o plain_a force_n the_o former_a be_v proper_a to_o man_n the_o other_o to_o beast_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v the_o latter_a our_o refuge_n when_o by_o the_o former_a we_o can_v prevail_v and_o in_o another_o place_n quid_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la contra_fw-la vim_o fieri_fw-la sine_fw-la vi_fw-la posset_n 3._o ep._n fam._n l._n 12._o ep_n 3._o what_o remedy_n can_v we_o have_v against_o force_n but_o by_o force_n so_o vulpian_n to_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n be_v a_o right_a that_o nature_n ordain_v for_o all_o creature_n arm_n against_o arm_n all_o nation_n do_v allow_v ovid._n ovid._n ii_o this_o prove_v by_o history_n what_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o namely_o that_o it_o be_v not_o every_o war_n that_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v far_o justify_v out_o of_o the_o sacred_a story_n for_o god_n by_o his_o highpriest_n melchisedeck_v do_v approve_v of_o the_o war_n make_v by_o abraham_n and_o his_o confederate_n upon_o those_o four_o king_n that_o come_v to_o plunder_v sodom_n yea_o and_o melchisedeck_v bless_v god_n for_o the_o victory_n bless_v say_v he_o be_v the_o most_o high_a god_n who_o have_v deliver_v thy_o enemy_n into_o thy_o hand_n gen._n 14.20_o and_o yet_o have_v abraham_n no_o special_a commission_n from_o god_n for_o it_o but_o be_v excite_v and_o persuade_v thereunto_o by_o the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n be_v himself_o a_o man_n not_o only_o exceed_o holy_a but_o very_o wise_a according_a to_o the_o testimony_n that_o berosus_n and_o orpheus_n give_v of_o he_o the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o israelite_n upon_o the_o seven_o nation_n who_o god_n deliver_v up_o unto_o they_o i_o purposely_o omit_v because_o they_o have_v a_o special_a warrant_n from_o god_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o that_o people_n who_o have_v high_o provoke_v he_o and_o therefore_o those_o war_n be_v in_o holy_a writ_n call_v the_o war_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v undertake_v by_o divine_a not_o humane_a authority_n more_o to_o our_o purpose_n be_v that_o war_n make_v by_o the_o israelite_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o moses_n and_o joshua_n against_o the_o amalekite_n who_o have_v forcible_o oppose_v they_o in_o their_o passage_n towards_o canaan_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o command_v to_o be_v do_v yet_o be_v do_v be_v approve_v of_o by_o god_n exod._n 17._o 17.14_o exod._n 17.14_o nay_o far_a god_n himself_o prescribe_v unto_o moses_n certain_a general_n and_o last_a rule_n and_o ordinance_n how_o he_o shall_v make_v war_n whereby_o he_o sufficient_o testify_v that_o war_n may_v sometime_o be_v just_a 20.10.15_o deut._n 20.10.15_o though_o we_o have_v no_o special_a command_n from_o god_n to_o make_v this_o or_o that_o war_n for_o there_o moses_n make_v a_o manifest_a difference_n between_o the_o case_n of_o the_o seven_o nation_n and_o the_o case_n of_o other_o people_n for_o these_o they_o may_v receive_v to_o mercy_n but_o not_o they_o and_o see_v he_o do_v not_o prescribe_v for_o what_o particular_a cause_n they_o may_v make_v a_o just_a war_n it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v presume_v that_o those_o cause_n may_v easy_o be_v discern_v by_o the_o very_a light_n of_o nature_n such_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n that_o jephtha_n make_v against_o the_o ammonite_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o boundary_n judg._n 11._o and_o that_o which_o david_n be_v enforce_v upon_o against_o those_o who_o have_v violate_v the_o right_n of_o his_o ambassador_n 2_o sam._n 10._o and_o it_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v observe_v what_o the_o author_n to_o the_o hebrew_n record_n concern_v those_o pious_a hero_n gideon_n baruck_n samson_n jephtha_n david_n samuel_n etc._n etc._n that_o by_o faith_n they_o subdue_v kingdom_n and_o put_v whole_a army_n of_o the_o alien_n to_o flight_n heb._n 11.34_o where_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o faith_n 11.34_o heb._n 11.34_o be_v include_v a_o full_a assurance_n they_o have_v that_o what_o they_o then_o do_v be_v acceptable_a to_o god_n and_o upon_o this_o presumption_n also_o it_o be_v that_o david_n be_v say_v by_o a_o wise_a woman_n to_o fight_v the_o lord_n battle_n and_o make_v a_o pious_a and_o just_a war_n 25.28_o 1_o sam._n 25.28_o which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o all_o manner_n of_o war_n have_v be_v utter_o unlawful_a iii_o by_o example_n to_o the_o authority_n of_o sacred_a story_n we_o may_v add_v for_o great_a confirmation_n the_o universal_a consent_n of_o all_o or_o at_o least_o of_o the_o wise_a of_o all_o nation_n concern_v that_o force_n whereby_o our_o life_n be_v defend_v cicero_n give_v we_o the_o testimony_n of_o nature_n itself_o est_fw-la haec_fw-la non_fw-la scripta_fw-la sed_fw-la nata_fw-la lex_fw-la this_o say_v he_o be_v no_o write_a law_n but_o a_o law_n that_o be_v bear_v with_o we_o miloâ—e_n pro_fw-la miloâ—e_n that_o if_o our_o life_n be_v endanger_v either_o through_o force_n or_o treachery_n all_o mean_v we_o can_v use_v for_o our_o safety_n be_v just_a and_o honest_a and_o again_o this_o the_o learned_a be_v teach_v by_o reason_n the_o unlearned_a by_o necessity_n the_o nation_n by_o custom_n and_o the_o very_a beast_n themselves_o by_o natural_a instinct_n to_o repel_v by_o all_o mean_n whatsoever_o all_o force_n and_o violence_n that_o shall_v be_v offer_v we_o whereby_o our_o body_n our_o member_n or_o our_o life_n shall_v be_v endanger_v so_o cajus_n the_o lawyer_n against_o all_o imminent_a danger_n 25._o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la jud._n l._n 3._o c._n 25._o natural_a reason_n teach_v we_o to_o defend_v ourselves_o and_o florentinus_n whatsoever_o any_o man_n do_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n be_v just_a and_o lawful_a josephus_n also_o inform_v we_o that_o to_o preserve_v life_n be_v a_o law_n that_o nature_n herself_o have_v imprint_v in_o all_o live_a creature_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o they_o who_o endeavour_v to_o dispoil_v we_o of_o our_o life_n be_v just_o account_v our_o enemy_n which_o indeed_o have_v so_o much_o of_o natural_a equity_n that_o even_o among_o beast_n who_o as_o i_o have_v say_v already_o have_v nothing_o of_o justice_n or_o law_n among_o they_o more_o than_o a_o faint_a shadow_n or_o resemblance_n of_o it_o we_o distinguish_v between_o that_o beast_n which_o of_o his_o own_o accord_n assault_v we_o and_o that_o which_o assault_v we_o in_o its_o own_o defence_n and_o ulpian_n notwithstanding_o that_o he_o have_v say_v before_o that_o beast_n want_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n can_v not_o be_v say_v proper_o to_o do_v wrong_n yet_o he_o present_o subjoin_v that_o when_o ram_n or_o bull_n fight_v and_o kill_v each_o other_o by_o the_o law_n of_o qu._n mutius_n they_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o they_o so_o that_o if_o he_o perish_v that_o be_v the_o aggressor_n the_o action_n be_v null_a but_o if_o he_o perish_v that_o be_v provoke_v the_o action_n be_v good_a the_o ground_n of_o which_o law_n be_v set_v down_o by_o pliny_n because_o say_v he_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a creature_n but_o what_o be_v impatient_a of_o a_o injury_n and_o be_v assault_v will_v assault_v again_o for_o as_o he_o well_o observe_v lion_n will_v not_o prey_v upon_o lion_n nor_o serpent_n bite_v or_o sting_v serpent_n yet_o if_o any_o violence_n be_v offer_v they_o there_o be_v none_o but_o will_v express_v somewhat_o that_o be_v like_a unto_o anger_n none_o so_o stupid_a but_o be_v hurt_v will_v to_o his_o utmost_a power_n defend_v himself_o so_o that_o in_o all_o contest_v that_o which_o be_v defensive_a be_v the_o most_o just_a because_o natura_fw-la potior_fw-la est_fw-la salus_fw-la nostra_fw-la quam_fw-la adversarii_fw-la pernity_n commandment_n pernity_n quintil._n l._n 7._o c._n 2._o see_v philo_n in_o the_o preface_n upon_o the_o five_o commandment_n our_o own_o preservation_n be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o
nature_n than_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o enemy_n iv_o that_o war_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n then_o which_o may_v likewise_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o war_n be_v not_o to_o be_v condemn_v nor_o yet_o by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n as_o history_n will_v sufficient_o instruct_v we_o wherein_o the_o law_n custom_n and_o manner_n of_o all_o people_n be_v faithful_o record_v nay_o by_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v war_n introduce_v say_v hermogenianus_n so_o he_o that_o write_v the_o life_n of_o man_n famous_a in_o their_o several_a age_n in_o that_o of_o the_o life_n of_o themistocles_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o acknowledge_v that_o it_o be_v by_o his_o advice_n that_o the_o athenian_n surround_v their_o city_n with_o wall_n which_o notwithstanding_o by_o the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o nation_n they_o may_v do_v whereby_o to_o defend_v their_o public_a and_o private_a god_n from_o the_o sury_n of_o their_o enemy_n yet_o whereas_o i_o say_v before_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n war_n be_v at_o the_o first_o introduce_v the_o word_n will_v as_o i_o conceive_v admit_v of_o a_o better_a sense_n than_o what_o at_o the_o first_o view_n they_o seem_v to_o import_v as_o namely_o that_o there_o be_v some_o certain_a form_n and_o ceremony_n introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n do_v give_v such_o and_o such_o peculiar_a effect_n to_o such_o war_n as_o have_v they_o whence_o arise_v that_o distinction_n whereof_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o make_v use_n between_o a_o war_n that_o be_v solemn_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o also_o be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a that_o be_v full_a and_o absolute_a and_o a_o war_n that_o be_v not_o solemn_a yet_o cease_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v just_a that_o be_v congruous_a to_o right_n for_o even_o other_o war_n so_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v good_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v neither_o approve_v of_o nor_o yet_o impugn_v as_o shall_v be_v show_v more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o it_o be_v ordain_v as_o a_o law_n among_o all_o nation_n 43._o lib._n 43._o say_v livy_n that_o arm_n may_v be_v repel_v with_o arms._n with_o who_o agree_v florentinus_n it_o be_v general_o consent_v unto_o by_o all_o nation_n that_o we_o may_v forcible_o drive_v away_o all_o violence_n and_o wrong_n offer_v unto_o we_o whereby_o our_o life_n be_v endanger_v which_o justify_v all_o war_n that_o be_v mere_o defensive_a for_o as_o much_o as_o nature_n be_v much_o better_o please_v with_o its_o own_o preservation_n than_o with_o the_o destruction_n of_o enemy_n v._n nor_o to_o the_o voluntary_a divine_a law_n before_o christ_n but_o the_o main_a question_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o divine_a voluntary_a law_n to_o make_v war_n and_o here_o if_o any_o shall_v object_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a nothing_o can_v be_v decree_v by_o god_n himself_o contrary_a to_o it_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o be_v true_a in_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v express_o either_o command_n or_o forbid_v but_o not_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v only_o lawful_a only_a that_o be_v tolerate_v for_o such_o as_o these_o because_o they_o belong_v not_o proper_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o be_v without_o its_o jurisdiction_n objection_n answer_v may_v be_v either_o command_v or_o forbid_v the_o first_o objection_n that_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n against_o war_n be_v that_o law_n give_v to_o noah_n and_o his_o posterity_n gen._n 9.5_o 6._o 6._o gen._n â—_o 5_o 6._o where_o god_n speak_v thus_o sure_o the_o blood_n of_o your_o life_n will_v i_o require_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o every_o beast_n will_v i_o require_v it_o and_o at_o the_o hand_n of_o man_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o every_o man_n brother_n will_v i_o require_v the_o life_n of_o man_n whosoever_o shed_v man_n blood_n by_o man_n shall_v his_o blood_n be_v shed_v for_o in_o the_o image_n of_o god_n make_v he_o man_n some_o there_o be_v that_o will_v have_v the_o former_a word_n of_o require_v blood_n understand_v in_o the_o large_a sense_n and_o the_o latter_a word_n of_o shed_v blood_n they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o commination_n and_o not_o a_o approbation_n but_o i_o like_v neither_o for_o the_o prohibition_n to_o shed_v blood_n be_v of_o no_o large_a extent_n than_o that_o in_o the_o moral_a law_n thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v which_o do_v neither_o prohibit_v a_o magistrate_n from_o put_v to_o death_n a_o obstinate_a malefactor_n nor_o do_v it_o forbid_v a_o lawful_a war_n neither_o do_v the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o so_o much_o enjoin_v any_o new_a thing_n as_o revive_v and_o proclaim_v that_o old_a law_n of_o nature_n which_o through_o evil_a custom_n have_v be_v almost_o deface_v where_o by_o kill_v and_o shed_v of_o blood_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v such_o a_o manner_n of_o put_v a_o man_n to_o death_n as_o imply_v some_o vice_n as_o by_o the_o word_n homicide_n or_o murder_n we_o understand_v not_o every_o put_v a_o man_n to_o death_n but_o the_o wilful_a destroy_n of_o a_o innocent_a person_n but_o that_o which_o follow_v concern_v the_o shed_n of_o blood_n for_o blood_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o i_o conceive_v not_o so_o much_o of_o the_o bare_a fact_n as_o of_o the_o right_a to_o do_v it_o which_o i_o thus_o explain_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v suffer_v as_o much_o evil_n from_o other_o as_o he_o have_v do_v unto_o other_o be_v not_o natural_o unjust_a according_a to_o that_o old_a rhadamanthaean_a law_n to_o suffer_v as_o we_o do_v be_v just_a and_o right_o that_o phalaris_n shall_v be_v torment_v in_o his_o own_o bull_n that_o he_o that_o intend_a mischief_n to_o another_o shall_v suffer_v the_o same_o mischief_n from_o another_o be_v justissima_fw-la patiendi_fw-la norma_fw-la as_o seneca_n speak_v the_o most_o equal_a rule_n of_o sufferance_n that_o can_v be_v ordain_v out_o of_o a_o deep_a sense_n of_o this_o natural_a equity_n it_o be_v that_o cain_n his_o hand_n yet_o reek_v in_o his_o brother_n blood_n past_o this_o sentence_n upon_o himself_o and_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o whosoever_o find_v i_o shall_v kill_v i_o 4.14_o gen._n 4.14_o but_o god_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o the_o world_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o man_n or_o because_o this_o sin_n be_v rare_o practise_v and_o so_o the_o less_o need_n of_o exemplary_a punishment_n to_o deter_v they_o do_v by_o a_o edict_n repress_v that_o which_o seem_v natural_o to_o have_v be_v lawful_a and_o adjudge_v the_o homicide_n to_o wander_v as_o a_o vagabond_n forbid_v all_o man_n to_o have_v any_o commerce_n or_o to_o make_v any_o contract_n with_o he_o yet_o will_v he_o not_o have_v his_o life_n take_v from_o he_o thus_o also_o do_v plato_n ordain_v among_o his_o law_n and_o that_o this_o punishment_n be_v much_o use_v among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n euripides_n testify_v in_o these_o word_n how_o wise_o do_v our_o ancestor_n decree_v that_o he_o that_o guilty_a be_v of_o blood_n shall_v flee_v far_o from_o commerce_n or_o sight_n of_o man_n that_o he_o punish_v by_o flight_n rather_o than_o death_n may_v be_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o thucydides_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o ancient_o small_a punishment_n be_v award_v to_o great_a crime_n but_o at_o length_n those_o be_v slight_v they_o proceed_v to_o death_n servius_n upon_o the_o first_o book_n of_o virgil_n descant_v upon_o these_o two_o word_n solvetis_fw-la luetis_fw-la say_v that_o these_o word_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n antiquorum_fw-la enim_fw-la poenae_fw-la omnes_fw-la pecuniariae_fw-la fuêre_fw-la for_o among_o the_o ancient_n all_o punishment_n be_v pecuniary_a the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o lactantius_n hitherto_o it_o be_v account_v impious_a to_o put_v man_n to_o death_n though_o never_o so_o wicked_a ground_v their_o conjecture_n upon_o that_o one_o notable_a example_n of_o cain_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o will_n of_o god_n that_o homicide_n shall_v be_v so_o punish_v whereupon_o it_o grow_v at_o length_n into_o a_o law_n so_o that_o lamech_v not_o long_o after_o have_v commit_v the_o like_a sin_n or_o rather_o if_o he_o do_v commit_v the_o like_a for_o moses_n his_o word_n will_v bear_v this_o sense_n yet_o by_o this_o one_o example_n promise_v to_o himself_o the_o same_o impunity_n gen._n 4.24_o nevertheless_o though_o before_o the_o flood_n in_o the_o age_n of_o the_o giant_n through_o the_o remissness_n of_o punishment_n man_n grow_v savage_a and_o outrageous_a kill_v each_o other_o like_o beast_n yet_o when_o after_o the_o flood_n the_o earth_n
eris_fw-la it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o priest_n to_o intercede_v for_o the_o guilty_a say_v aug._n and_o there_o be_v a_o right_n introduce_v by_o custom_n that_o they_o that_o flee_v to_o the_o altar_n for_o sanctuary_n be_v not_o to_o be_v deliver_v up_o until_o faith_n be_v give_v for_o the_o save_n of_o their_o life_n and_o that_o such_o as_o be_v for_o misdemeanour_n deliver_v to_o prison_n shall_v at_o easter_n be_v free_o release_v but_o he_o that_o thorough_o perpend_v these_o and_o such_o like_a custom_n shall_v find_v that_o they_o proceed_v rather_o from_o mind_n full_o fraught_v with_o christian_a charity_n which_o watch_v all_o opportunity_n and_o occasion_n to_o do_v good_a than_o from_o mind_n quarrel_v at_o the_o equity_n of_o capital_a punishment_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o privilege_n of_o those_o time_n and_o place_n yea_o and_o the_o very_a intercession_n themselves_o be_v moderate_v with_o some_o exception_n as_o we_o may_v learn_v by_o cassiodore_n but_o here_o some_o will_v object_v against_o we_o the_o 12_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a council_n lib._n 11._o c._n 40._o 12_o can._n of_o nicen_n council_n which_o sound_v to_o this_o sense_n if_o any_o be_v by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n call_v shall_v first_o express_v their_o faith_n by_o desert_v the_o war_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o their_o vomit_n shall_v by_o money_n or_o favour_n seek_v to_o be_v readmit_v into_o the_o war_n these_o after_o the_o three_o year_n allow_v they_o to_o hear_v the_o word_n shall_v remain_v among_o the_o penitential_o for_o ten_o year_n but_o in_o this_o case_n a_o strict_a observation_n must_v be_v take_v how_o such_o person_n stand_v affect_v and_o what_o fruit_n of_o repentance_n they_o bring_v forth_o for_o whosoever_o among_o they_o shall_v show_v forth_o their_o sincere_a conversion_n by_o fear_n by_o tear_n by_o patience_n and_o good_a work_n without_o dissimulation_n these_o fulfil_n their_o three_o year_n of_o hear_v shall_v at_o length_n communicate_v in_o prayer_n and_o afterward_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o bishop_n to_o deal_v more_o tender_o with_o they_o but_o if_o any_o of_o they_o shall_v bear_v it_o but_o indifferent_o and_o shall_v think_v that_o their_o very_a entrance_n into_o the_o church_n be_v sufficient_a these_o shall_v fulfil_v their_o whole_a time_n whereunto_o i_o answer_v that_o by_o the_o time_n of_o 13_o year_n penance_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o the_o sin_n be_v neither_o small_a nor_o dubious_a for_o so_o great_a a_o punishment_n must_v needs_o be_v inflict_v for_o some_o crime_n that_o be_v both_o to_o god_n abominable_a and_o to_o all_o good_a man_n scandalous_a which_o without_o question_n be_v idolatry_n for_o the_o word_n precede_v in_o the_o elventh_fw-mi canon_n do_v manifest_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o time_n of_o licinius_n which_o give_v a_o very_a great_a light_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o canon_n this_o licinius_n as_o eusebius_n relate_v in_o his_o war_n against_o constantine_n 8._o hist_o eccl._n â—_o 10._o c._n 8._o first_o turn_v all_o christian_n out_o of_o their_o house_n and_o make_v sale_n of_o their_o good_n then_o draw_v out_o all_o the_o christian_a soldier_n and_o officer_n both_o out_o of_o his_o army_n and_o city_n from_o the_o rest_n and_o then_o command_v that_o unless_o they_o will_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n sacrifice_n to_o devil_n they_o shall_v all_o of_o they_o be_v cashier_v from_o their_o office_n which_o fact_n of_o his_o be_v afterward_o imitate_v by_o julian_n whereupon_o many_o renounce_v their_o command_n and_o among_o they_o one_o victricius_n so_o do_v 1104_o more_o in_o armenia_n under_o dioclesian_n concern_v who_o there_o be_v honourable_a mention_n make_v in_o our_o martyrology_n and_o so_o in_o egypt_n do_v menna_n and_o hesychius_n so_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o licivius_fw-la do_v many_o renounce_v their_o command_n among_o who_o be_v arsacius_n mention_v among_o the_o confessor_n and_o one_o auxentius_n afterward_o make_v bishop_n of_o mopsuestia_n now_o they_o that_o out_o of_o tenderness_n of_o conscience_n have_v former_o renounce_v their_o command_n have_v no_o possible_a mean_n to_o be_v readmit_v under_o licinius_n but_o by_o a_o public_a abjuration_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n wherefore_o as_o they_o that_o be_v so_o admit_v commit_v much_o the_o great_a sin_n be_v against_o knowledge_n and_o conscience_n so_o they_o deserve_v a_o much_o great_a punishment_n than_o those_o mention_v in_o the_o forego_n word_n of_o the_o canon_n namely_o that_o without_o any_o danger_n either_o of_o life_n or_o good_n have_v renounce_v their_o christianity_n but_o to_o interpret_v this_o canon_n so_o general_o as_o if_o it_o comprehend_v all_o manner_n of_o go_v to_o war_n be_v infinite_o against_o reason_n for_o the_o same_o historian_n testify_v that_o many_o of_o they_o that_o under_o licinius_n have_v lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o whilst_o licinius_n reign_v do_v never_o reassume_v they_o because_o they_o will_v not_o abjure_v their_o faith_n in_o christ_n be_v by_o constantine_n leave_v to_o their_o own_o choice_n be_v upon_o their_o request_n readmit_v there_o be_v likewise_o that_o urge_v against_o we_o the_o epistle_n of_o pope_n leo_n where_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v against_o the_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n to_o return_v into_o a_o secular_a war_n after_o the_o act_n of_o repentance_n but_o here_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o from_o penitentiaries_n as_o well_o as_o from_o priest_n and_o monk_n there_o be_v require_v a_o more_o strict_a and_o austere_a course_n of_o life_n than_o what_o be_v require_v from_o other_o christian_n that_o they_o may_v be_v as_o great_a example_n to_o other_o of_o contrition_n and_o humiliation_n as_o they_o have_v be_v before_o of_o prevarication_n for_o as_o leo_n well_o observe_v illicitorum_fw-la veniam_fw-la postulantem_fw-la oportet_fw-la etiam_fw-la multis_fw-la licitis_fw-la abstinere_fw-la it_o be_v but_o just_a that_o he_o that_o beg_v pardon_n for_o his_o unlawful_a act_n shall_v abstain_v from_o some_o thing_n otherwise_o lawful_a so_o in_o a_o epistle_n write_v by_o some_o bishop_n to_o king_n lewis_n we_o read_v quilibet_fw-la tanto_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la licita_fw-la debet_fw-la abscindere_fw-la quantò_fw-la se_fw-la meminit_fw-la &_o illicita_fw-la perpetrasse_fw-la every_o man_n ought_v so_o far_o to_o abridge_v himself_o of_o thing_n lawful_a by_o how_o much_o he_o remember_v that_o he_o have_v commit_v some_o thing_n unlawful_a so_o in_o those_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o church_n which_o to_o gain_v the_o great_a reverence_n be_v commend_v unto_o we_o under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o apostle_n canon_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o no_o bishop_n priest_n or_o deacon_n shall_v addict_v himself_o to_o the_o war_n so_o as_o to_o retain_v the_o dignity_n of_o both_o function_n both_o civil_a and_o sacerdotal_a but_o leave_v unto_o caesar_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v caesar_n they_o shall_v give_v unto_o god_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v go_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o who_o be_v not_o think_v worthy_a to_o be_v admit_v to_o ecclesiastical_a dignity_n be_v not_o interdict_v those_o that_o be_v military_a with_o this_o also_o that_o none_o who_o after_o baptism_n have_v obtain_v any_o office_n civil_a or_o military_a can_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o clergy_n as_o may_v also_o be_v collect_v from_o the_o several_a epistle_n of_o syncius_n innocentius_n and_o from_o the_o toledan_a council_n for_o clergy_n man_n be_v not_o choose_v out_o of_o any_o sort_n of_o christian_n but_o out_o of_o such_o as_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v exemplary_a unto_o other_o in_o austerity_n of_o life_n and_o manner_n beside_o upon_o military_a officer_n as_o also_o upon_o some_o civil_a magistrate_n there_o lie_v a_o perpetual_a obligation_n but_o such_o as_o put_v themselves_o into_o holy_a order_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v entangle_v with_o any_o other_o care_n nor_o divert_v by_o any_o other_o daily_a labour_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o 6_o canon_n that_o no_o bishop_n priest_n or_o deacon_n shall_v take_v upon_o they_o any_o secular_a employment_n nor_o thrust_v themselves_o into_o any_o publiclk_n office_n and_o by_o the_o 6_o canon_n of_o the_o african_a council_n nepot_n can._n apost_n 6.8_o with_fw-mi ep._n hier._n ad_fw-la nepot_n they_o be_v forbid_v to_o be_v solicitor_n of_o other_o man_n affair_n or_o to_o defend_v other_o man_n cause_n but_o that_o which_o give_v the_o great_a reputation_n to_o our_o opinion_n be_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o church_n which_o we_o have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o three_o canon_n of_o the_o first_o council_n of_o arles_n which_o be_v hold_v under_o constantine_n the_o word_n sound_v thus_o concern_v those_o that_o cast_v away_o their_o arm_n in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n it_o please_v the_o synod_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v debare_v from_o the_o communion_n
but_o neither_o shall_v this_o move_v we_o for_o this_o be_v when_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n concern_v either_o the_o common_a good_a of_o both_o party_n confederate_a or_o the_o private_a profit_n of_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o that_o league_n as_o to_o the_o thing_n of_o common_a concernment_n 11.22_o dan._n 11.22_o the_o assembly_n not_o sit_v he_o that_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n though_o it_o be_v a_o equal_a league_n do_v usual_o command_v his_o associate_n as_o agamemnon_n in_o the_o trojan_a expedition_n do_v the_o grecian_a prince_n and_o as_o afterward_o the_o lacedaemonian_n do_v the_o grecian_n and_o after_o they_o the_o athenian_n thucydides_n in_o that_o oration_n make_v by_o the_o corinthian_n say_v it_o very_o well_o become_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n in_o private_a matter_n to_o deal_v equal_o but_o in_o public_a to_o be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o solicitous_a isocrates_n commend_v that_o excellent_a conduct_n of_o the_o ancient_a athenian_n in_o the_o manage_n of_o their_o social_a war_n say_v that_o they_o take_v care_n for_o all_o without_o entrench_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o any_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o allow_v they_o to_o command_v but_o not_o to_o domineer_v it_o be_v well_o worth_a our_o observation_n that_o what_o the_o latin_n express_v by_o the_o word_n imperare_fw-la to_o command_v the_o greek_n more_o modest_o express_v by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o dispose_v or_o set_v in_o order_n the_o athenian_n to_o who_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o persian_n be_v commit_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v thucydides_n do_v order_v which_o city_n shall_v contribute_v money_n and_o which_o ship_n and_o they_o that_o be_v send_v from_o rome_n into_o greece_n 24._o plinii_n ep_v lib._n 8._o c._n 24._o be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v to_o give_v order_n for_o the_o well_o govern_v of_o the_o free_a city_n now_o if_o he_o that_o be_v the_o principal_a party_n in_o a_o equal_a league_n do_v thus_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o he_o that_o in_o a_o unequal_a league_n be_v superior_a in_o honour_n and_o dignity_n do_v the_o same_o for_o the_o word_n imperium_fw-la that_o be_v empire_n take_v in_o this_o sense_n as_o it_o signify_v only_o a_o ordinance_n and_o appointment_n equal_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a do_v not_o at_o all_o imply_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o other_o liberty_n 37._o livy_n l._n 37._o the_o rhodian_o in_o their_o oration_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n thus_o bespeak_v they_o the_o grecians_n be_v wont_a to_o defend_v their_o empire_n with_o their_o own_o force_n but_o their_o empire_n where_o now_o it_o be_v they_o wish_v that_o it_o may_v remain_v for_o ever_o they_o be_v now_o well_o content_v to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n with_o your_o arm_n 15._o lib._n 15._o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o do_v it_o with_o their_o own_o so_o diodorus_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o take_n of_o the_o cadmean_a 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no_o force_n who_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v fear_v armatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la regum_fw-la praeces_fw-la the_o request_n of_o king_n have_v the_o same_o power_n as_o command_n and_o a_o denial_n how_o just_a soever_o shall_v be_v by_o they_o as_o ill_o digest_v as_o a_o injury_n it_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o say_v livy_n before_o caius_n posthumius_fw-la that_o any_o consul_n be_v either_o chargeable_a or_o burdensome_a to_o our_o associate_n in_o any_o thing_n and_o therefore_o be_v our_o magistrate_n supply_v abundant_o with_o mule_n pavilion_n and_o all_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o require_v they_o from_o our_o associate_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o sometime_o so_o fall_v out_o subjection_n the_o weak_a associate_n sometime_o reduce_v unto_o subjection_n that_o if_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o the_o league_n be_v much_o more_o potent_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o confederate_n he_o may_v by_o degree_n at_o length_n usurp_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o they_o especial_o if_o the_o league_n be_v perpetual_a and_o that_o he_o have_v thereby_o a_o right_a to_o place_v garrison_n in_o any_o of_o their_o strong_a town_n as_o the_o athenian_n sometime_o do_v when_o they_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v appeal_v unto_o from_o their_o associate_n 34._o hal._n l._n 6._o livy_n l._n 34._o which_o by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v never_o do_v wherefore_o isocrates_n equal_v the_o government_n that_o the_o athenian_n exercise_v in_o those_o day_n over_o their_o associate_n with_o that_o of_o king_n and_o absolute_a prince_n so_o the_o latin_n in_o livy_n complain_v against_o the_o roman_n that_o under_o the_o specious_a title_n of_o be_v associate_n in_o war_n they_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o mere_a subjection_n which_o society_n in_o arm_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o aratus_n call_v a_o gentle_a slavery_n 4._o hist_o 4._o so_o festus_n rufus_n in_o tacitus_n concern_v the_o rhodian_o at_o first_o they_o live_v in_o great_a freedom_n till_o afterward_o the_o roman_n gentle_o urge_v they_o they_o be_v bring_v by_o little_a and_o little_a into_o a_o habit_n of_o subjection_n so_o the_o aetolian_n likewise_o complain_v that_o they_o have_v nothing_o leave_v they_o but_o the_o bare_a shadow_n and_o empty_a name_n of_o liberty_n so_o likewise_o afterward_o the_o achaian_n complain_n that_o they_o have_v indeed_o a_o league_n in_o appearance_n but_o be_v at_o length_n bring_v into_o a_o precarious_a servitude_n the_o like_a complaint_n civilis_fw-la batavus_fw-la in_o tacitus_n make_v against_o the_o same_o roman_n that_o they_o use_v they_o not_o as_o former_o like_o companion_n but_o usurp_v and_o insult_v over_o they_o as_o mere_a slave_n and_o in_o another_o place_n they_o false_o call_v that_o peace_n which_o be_v indeed_o but_o a_o miserable_a slavery_n thus_o eumenes_n also_o in_o livy_n concern_v the_o confederate_n of_o the_o rhodian_o that_o they_o be_v their_o associate_n in_o name_n but_o their_o vassal_n indeed_o thus_o also_o magnetes_n in_o polybius_n say_v that_o demetrias_n be_v in_o show_n free_a but_o in_o effect_v all_o thing_n be_v do_v there_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o thessalian_n likewise_o be_v in_o appearance_n free_a but_o indeed_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o macedonian_n as_o the_o same_o polybius_n testify_v now_o when_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o so_o do_v as_o by_o patient_a endurance_n they_o may_v by_o mistake_n be_v say_v to_o be_v right_o do_v whereof_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o discourse_v more_o full_o then_o either_o of_o companion_n they_o be_v make_v subject_n or_o certain_o there_o must_v be_v a_o partition_n of_o the_o supremacy_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o may_v sometime_o happen_v xxii_o of_o such_o as_o pay_v tribute_n they_o that_o pay_v any_o thing_n either_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o wrong_n past_a or_o to_o be_v protect_v against_o injury_n to_o come_v be_v by_o thucydides_n call_v tributary_n associate_n such_o be_v the_o king_n of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o of_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n after_o the_o time_n of_o m._n anthony_n free_a though_o under_o a_o certain_a tribute_n nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o they_o that_o reign_v so_o have_v supreme_a power_n within_o their_o respective_a dominion_n and_o have_v a_o full_a right_a to_o punish_v delinquent_n according_a to_o their_o own_o law_n thus_o m._n anthony_n defend_v king_n herod_n be_v accuse_v for_o murder_a aristobulus_n that_o it_o be_v neither_o just_a nor_o right_a to_o call_v a_o king_n to_o a_o account_n for_o what_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n for_o if_o so_o he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o king_n for_o common_a equity_n require_v that_o they_o that_o give_v he_o that_o honour_n shall_v permit_v he_o the_o free_a use_n of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v appendent_a unto_o it_o so_o
king_n though_o wicked_a for_o certain_o he_o by_o who_o providence_n all_o king_n reign_n will_v pursue_v the_o regicide_n with_o vengeance_n inevitable_o to_o reproach_v any_o private_a man_n false_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n but_o of_o a_o king_n wicked_a king_n must_v not_o be_v revile_v much_o less_o kill_v though_o wicked_a we_o must_v not_o speak_v evil_a though_o he_o deserve_v it_o because_o as_o he_o that_o write_v the_o problem_n father_v upon_o aristotle_n say_v he_o that_o speak_v evil_a of_o the_o governor_n scandalize_v the_o whole_a city_n so_o joab_n conclude_v concern_v shimei_n as_o josephus_n testify_v shall_v thou_o not_o die_v who_o presume_v to_o curse_v he_o who_o god_n have_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o law_n say_v julian_n be_v very_o severe_a on_o the_o behalf_n of_o prince_n for_o he_o that_o be_v injurious_a unto_o they_o do_v wilful_o trample_v upon_o the_o law_n themselves_o misopogoris_fw-la misopogoris_fw-la now_o if_o we_o must_v not_o speak_v evil_a of_o king_n much_o less_o must_v we_o do_v evil_a against_o they_o david_n repent_v but_o for_o offer_v violence_n to_o saul_n garment_n so_o great_a be_v the_o reverence_n that_o he_o bear_v to_o his_o person_n and_o deserve_o for_o since_o their_o sovereign_a power_n can_v but_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o general_a hatred_n therefore_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o their_o security_n shall_v especial_o be_v provide_v for_o this_o say_v quintilian_n be_v the_o fate_n of_o such_o as_o sit_v at_o the_o stern_a of_o government_n that_o they_o can_v discharge_v their_o duty_n faithful_o nor_o provide_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n without_o the_o envy_n of_o many_o king_n the_o law_n be_v severe_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o king_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n be_v the_o person_n of_o king_n guard_v with_o such_o severe_a law_n which_o seem_v like_o draco_n to_o be_v write_v in_o blood_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o those_o enact_v by_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o tribune_n whereby_o their_o person_n become_v inviolable_a among_o other_o wise_a say_n of_o the_o esseni_n this_o be_v one_o that_o the_o person_n of_o king_n shall_v be_v hold_v as_o sacred_a and_o that_o of_o homer_n be_v as_o notable_a his_o chief_a care_n be_v for_o the_o king_n that_o nothing_o shall_v endanger_v he_o and_o no_o marvel_n for_o as_o st._n chrysostom_n well_o observe_v if_o any_o man_n kill_v a_o sheep_n why_o 1_o tim._n 1._o and_o why_o he_o but_o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o they_o but_o if_o he_o kill_v the_o shepherd_n he_o dissipate_v the_o whole_a flock_n the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o king_n as_o curtius_n tell_v we_o among_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v govern_v by_o king_n be_v as_o venerable_a as_o that_o of_o god_n so_o artabanus_n the_o persian_a them_o plut._n them_o among_o many_o and_o those_o most_o excellent_a law_n we_o have_v this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o best_a which_o command_v we_o to_o adore_v our_o king_n as_o the_o very_a image_n of_o god_n who_o be_v the_o saviour_n of_o all_o and_o therefore_o as_o plutarch_n speak_v nec_fw-la fas_fw-la nec_fw-la licitum_fw-la est_fw-la regis_fw-la corpori_fw-la manus_fw-la infer_v it_o be_v not_o permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o man_n to_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o person_n of_o a_o king_n but_o as_o the_o same_o plutarch_n in_o another_o place_n tell_v we_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o valour_n be_v to_o save_v he_o that_o save_v all_o if_o the_o eye_n observe_v a_o blow_n threaten_v the_o head_n the_o hand_n be_v instruct_v by_o nature_n interpose_v itself_o as_o prefer_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o head_n whereupon_o all_o the_o other_o member_n depend_v before_o their_o own_o wherefore_o as_o cassiodore_n note_n pater_fw-la de_fw-fr pater_fw-la he_o that_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n redeem_v the_o life_n of_o his_o prince_n do_v well_o own_o we_o be_v to_o prefer_v his_o life_n before_o our_o own_o if_o in_o so_o do_v he_o propose_v to_o himself_o the_o free_n of_o his_o own_o soul_n rather_o than_o that_o of_o another_o man_n body_n for_o as_o conscience_n teach_v he_o to_o express_v his_o fidelity_n to_o his_o sovereign_n so_o do_v right_a reason_n instruct_v he_o to_o prefer_v the_o life_n of_o his_o prince_n before_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o own_o body_n but_o here_o a_o more_o difficult_a question_n arise_v as_o namely_o whether_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o david_n and_o the_o maccabee_n nothing_o whether_o david_n example_n and_o the_o maccabee_n be_v sufficient_a to_o justify_v christian_n in_o like_a case_n 1_o pet._n 4.12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 16._o christ_n advice_n be_v to_o flee_v where_o the_o duty_n of_o our_o call_n will_v permit_v but_o beyond_o that_o nothing_o be_v likewise_o lawful_a for_o we_o christian_n or_o whether_o christ_n who_o so_o often_o enjoin_v we_o to_o take_v up_o our_o cross_n do_v not_o require_v from_o we_o a_o great_a measure_n of_o patience_n sure_o where_o our_o superior_n threaten_v we_o with_o death_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n our_o saviour_n advise_v such_o as_o be_v not_o oblige_v by_o the_o necessary_a duty_n of_o their_o calling_n to_o reside_v in_o any_o one_o place_n to_o flee_v but_o beyond_o this_o nothing_o st._n peter_n tell_v we_o that_o christ_n in_o suffer_v leave_v we_o a_o ensample_n who_o though_o he_o know_v no_o sin_n nor_o have_v any_o guile_n find_v in_o his_o mouth_n yet_o be_v revile_v he_o revile_v not_o again_o when_o he_o suffer_v he_o threaten_v not_o but_o remit_v his_o cause_n to_o he_o that_o judge_v righteous_o nay_o he_o advise_v we_o to_o give_v thanks_o unto_o god_n and_o to_o rejoice_v when_o we_o suffer_v persecution_n for_o our_o religion_n and_o we_o may_v read_v how_o mighty_o christian_n religion_n have_v grow_v and_o be_v advance_v by_o this_o admirable_a gift_n of_o patience_n wherefore_o how_o injurious_a to_o those_o ancient_a christian_n who_o live_v in_o or_o near_o the_o time_n of_o either_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o or_o man_n true_o apostolical_a must_v needs_o be_v well_o instruct_v in_o their_o discipline_n and_o consequent_o walk_v more_o exact_o according_a to_o their_o rule_n yet_o suffer_v death_n for_o their_o faith_n how_o injurious_a i_o say_v to_o these_o man_n be_v they_o who_o hold_v that_o they_o want_v not_o a_o will_v to_o resist_v but_o rather_o a_o power_n to_o defend_v themselves_o at_o the_o approach_n of_o death_n sure_o tertullian_n have_v never_o be_v so_o imprudent_a nay_o impudent_a as_o so_o confident_o to_o have_v affirm_v such_o a_o untruth_n tertullian_n so_o tertullian_n whereof_o he_o know_v the_o emperor_n can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a when_o he_o write_v thus_o unto_o he_o if_o we_o have_v a_o will_n to_o take_v our_o private_a revenge_n or_o to_o act_v as_o public_a enemy_n can_v we_o want_v either_o number_n of_o man_n or_o store_v of_o warlike_a provision_n be_v the_o moor_n german_n parthian_n or_o the_o people_n of_o any_o one_o nation_n more_o than_o those_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n we_o though_o stranger_n yet_o do_v fill_v all_o place_n in_o your_o dominion_n your_o city_n island_n castle_n fort_n assembly_n your_o very_a camp_n tribe_n court_n palace_n senate_n only_o your_o temple_n we_o leave_v to_o yourselves_o for_o what_o war_n have_v not_o we_o always_o declare_v ourselves_o fit_a and_o ready_a though_o in_o number_n of_o man_n we_o have_v sometime_o be_v very_o unequal_a how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v that_o we_o suffer_v death_n so_o meek_o so_o patient_o but_o that_o we_o be_v instruct_v by_o our_o religion_n that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o be_v kill_v than_o to_o kill_v cyprian_a also_o tread_v in_o his_o master_n step_n open_o declare_v that_o it_o be_v from_o the_o principle_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o christian_n be_v apprehend_v make_v no_o resistance_n nor_o attempt_v any_o revenge_n for_o injury_n unjust_o do_v they_o though_o they_o want_v neither_o number_n of_o man_n nor_o other_o mean_n to_o have_v resist_v but_o it_o be_v their_o confidence_n of_o some_o divine_a vengeance_n that_o will_v fall_v upon_o their_o persecutor_n that_o make_v they_o thus_o patient_a 5._o lib._n 5._o and_o that_o persuade_v the_o innocent_a to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o nocent_a so_o lactantius_n we_o be_v willing_a to_o confide_v in_o the_o majesty_n of_o god_n who_o be_v able_a as_o well_o to_o revenge_v the_o contempt_n do_v to_o himself_o as_o the_o injury_n and_o hardship_n do_v unto_o we_o wherefore_o though_o our_o suffering_n be_v such_o as_o can_v be_v express_v yet_o do_v we_o not_o mutter_v a_o word_n of_o discontent_n but_o refer_v ourselves_o whole_o to_o he_o who_o judge_v righteous_o joshua_n lib._n 6._o qu._n 10._o in_o joshua_n and_o to_o the_o same_o tune_n sing_v st._n augustin_n when_o prince_n err_v they_o
in_o history_n many_o example_n â—_o example_n meierum_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1339._o de_fw-la flandr_n &_o brab_n &_o â—_o xv._o a_o usurper_n how_o far_o to_o be_v obey_v the_o act_n of_o a_o usurper_n bind_v and_o why_o we_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o he_o who_o have_v or_o have_v a_o right_a to_o govern_v now_o something_o we_o must_v say_v of_o he_o that_o invade_v or_o usurp_v the_o government_n not_o after_o he_o have_v either_o by_o long_a possession_n or_o by_o consent_n or_o agreement_n obtain_v a_o right_n unto_o it_o but_o so_o long_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o unjust_a acquisition_n continue_v and_o certain_o during_o the_o time_n that_o he_o possess_v the_o empire_n his_o act_n may_v have_v power_n to_o bind_v but_o yet_o not_o as_o they_o be_v his_o for_o right_o to_o command_v he_o have_v none_o but_o upon_o this_o presumption_n that_o he_o who_o of_o right_o shall_v govern_v whether_o king_n people_n or_o senate_n have_v rather_o that_o his_o law_n for_o that_o time_n shall_v be_v bind_v than_o that_o the_o people_n shall_v live_v altogether_o without_o law_n and_o without_o judgement_n which_o must_v necessary_o introduce_v the_o great_a disorder_n and_o confusion_n cicero_n condemn_v sylla_n law_n as_o too_o cruel_a against_o the_o child_n of_o those_o that_o be_v proscribe_v in_o make_v they_o uncapable_a of_o sue_v for_o honour_n yet_o he_o think_v fit_a that_o those_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v affirm_v as_o quintilian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v so_o contain_v in_o those_o law_n that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o keep_v the_o commonwealth_n at_o that_o time_n can_v not_o have_v subsist_v florus_n also_o concern_v the_o act_n of_o the_o same_o sylla_n say_v thus_o lepidus_n go_v about_o to_o rescind_v the_o act_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o man_n and_o indeed_o not_o without_o cause_n if_o at_o least_o he_o can_v have_v do_v it_o without_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o by_o and_o by_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v then_o sick_a and_o wound_a to_o be_v govern_v by_o any_o law_n whatsoever_o rather_o than_o to_o fret_v and_o scarrifie_v her_o wound_n by_o attempt_v a_o untimely_a cure_n yet_o notwithstanding_o at_o such_o time_n and_o in_o such_o case_n wherein_o our_o obedience_n be_v not_o so_o exquisite_o necessary_a and_o yet_o may_v help_v to_o confirm_v the_o usurper_n in_o his_o unjust_a possession_n if_o by_o our_o disobedience_n we_o incur_v no_o great_a danger_n we_o must_v not_o obey_v but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o people_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o deject_v he_o that_o shall_v thus_o usurp_v the_o sovereign_a power_n or_o to_o kill_v he_o be_v disputable_a xvi_o a_o usurper_n may_v be_v kill_v during_o the_o war_n if_o no_o contract_n be_v make_v with_o he_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o he_o that_o usurp_v another_o man_n dominion_n have_v not_o gain_v it_o by_o a_o just_a war_n that_o be_v by_o such_o a_o war_n as_o have_v all_o the_o right_n require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n nor_o by_o any_o contract_n or_o agreement_n make_v with_o he_o or_o faith_n give_v to_o he_o but_o that_o he_o hold_v his_o possession_n by_o force_n only_o the_o right_n of_o war_n seem_v in_o this_o case_n to_o continue_v continue_v by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o war_n continue_v and_o therefore_o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v against_o a_o enemy_n may_v lawful_o be_v do_v against_o he_o who_o any_o private_a man_n that_o have_v not_o give_v his_o faith_n to_o he_o may_v lawful_o kill_v in_o reos_fw-la majestatis_fw-la &_o publicos_fw-la host_n omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la mile_n est_fw-la against_o traitor_n and_o public_a enemy_n every_o private_a man_n say_v tertullian_n be_v a_o soldier_n so_o against_o such_o as_o desert_v their_o colour_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n apolog._n tertul._n apolog._n it_o be_v indulge_v unto_o every_o man_n to_o take_v public_a revenge_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a safety_n xvii_o or_o by_o virtue_n of_o some_o antecedent_n law_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v if_o before_o such_o a_o invasion_n there_o be_v extant_a any_o such_o law_n authorise_v any_o private_a man_n to_o kill_v he_o who_o dare_v in_o his_o presence_n commit_v such_o or_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o for_o example_n if_o be_v but_o a_o private_a man_n he_o shall_v go_v with_o a_o guard_n about_o he_o or_o if_o he_o shall_v attempt_v a_o fort_n or_o kill_v a_o citizen_n uncondemned_a or_o illegal_o condemn_v or_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v presume_v to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n without_o just_a suffrage_n many_o such_o law_n we_o may_v read_v of_o to_o have_v be_v in_o force_n among_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n with_o who_o it_o be_v also_o think_v lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o tyrant_n such_o be_v that_o law_n of_o solon_n in_o athens_n renew_v after_o his_o return_n from_o piraeeus_n against_o such_o as_o have_v abolish_v popular_a government_n or_o that_o after_o such_o abolition_n have_v bear_v any_o office_n the_o like_a law_n there_o be_v also_o in_o rome_n call_v the_o valerian_n law_n against_o any_o man_n that_o shall_v assume_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n without_o the_o people_n consent_n make_v it_o lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o kill_v such_o a_o man_n uncondemned_a public_a plut._n public_a as_o plutarch_n relate_v where_o he_o thus_o distinguish_v solon_n law_n from_o that_o of_o publicola_n solon_n will_v have_v such_o a_o man_n legal_o convict_v but_o publicola_n permit_v any_o man_n to_o kill_v he_o that_o usurp_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n without_o any_o formal_a process_n and_o such_o be_v the_o consular_a law_n immediate_o after_o the_o decemviral_n government_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v dare_v to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n without_o a_o appeal_n and_o he_o that_o create_v such_o may_v by_o the_o law_n both_o of_o god_n and_o man_n be_v kill_v xviii_o by_o his_o commission_n who_o have_v right_o to_o the_o empire_n no_o less_o lawful_a it_o be_v for_o he_o to_o kill_v a_o usurper_n that_o have_v a_o express_a warrant_n so_o to_o do_v from_o he_o to_o who_o the_o just_a right_n of_o government_n belong_v whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n the_o people_n or_o the_o senate_n among_o who_o likewise_o we_o may_v place_v the_o protector_n or_o guardian_n of_o king_n during_o their_o nonage_n such_o as_o be_v jehojada_n to_o king_n joas_n at_o who_o command_n athalia_fw-la be_v deprive_v at_o once_o both_o of_o her_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 2_o chron._n 23._o xix_o why_o a_o usurper_n may_v not_o be_v kill_v but_o in_o one_o of_o these_o case_n now_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o one_o of_o these_o case_n i_o can_v perceive_v how_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o private_a man_n by_o force_n either_o to_o deject_v or_o to_o destroy_v he_o that_o usurp_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n because_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o he_o who_o have_v the_o true_a right_o have_v rather_o prefer_v the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o his_o subject_n though_o under_o the_o usurper_n power_n than_o embroil_n his_o country_n in_o blood_n or_o to_o vex_v his_o subject_n with_o civil_a war_n which_o be_v the_o sad_a and_o bloody_a effect_n and_o consequence_n that_o attend_v the_o murder_n or_o expulsion_n of_o king_n especial_o if_o his_o quarrel_n be_v espouse_v by_o either_o a_o strong_a faction_n at_o home_n or_o powerful_a friend_n abroad_o or_o because_o it_o be_v at_o least_o doubtful_a whether_o that_o king_n people_z or_o senate_n in_o who_o the_o right_a of_o empire_n be_v be_v willing_a that_o the_o matter_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o so_o desperate_a a_o issue_n and_o without_o the_o precise_a knowledge_n of_o this_o all_o violence_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v unjust_a it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o favonius_n in_o plutarch_n observe_v pejus_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la civil_a dominatu_fw-la illegitimo_fw-la bruti_fw-la vita_fw-la bruti_fw-la a_o intestine_a war_n be_v more_o destructive_a than_o any_o tyranny_n for_o though_o the_o rage_n of_o incense_a tyrant_n may_v produce_v more_o tragical_a effect_n upon_o some_o particular_a family_n ☜_o ☜_o yet_o the_o deluge_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n spread_v far_a continue_v long_a and_o leave_v more_o dreadful_a print_n behind_o it_o than_o any_o tyranny_n give_v i_o any_o peace_n say_v cicero_n rather_o than_o a_o civil_a war._n titus_n quintus_fw-la tell_v the_o lacedaemonian_n 34._o liv._o 34._o that_o it_o will_v be_v much_o better_a for_o they_o to_o bear_v with_o the_o tyranny_n of_o nabis_n than_o by_o endeavour_v by_o arm_n to_o recover_v their_o lose_a liberty_n to_o make_v the_o tyrant_n grave_a in_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o city_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o prudent_a advice_n of_o aristophanes_n leo_n in_o civitate_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la alendus_fw-la
si_fw-la alitus_fw-la sit_fw-la ferendus_fw-la est_fw-la either_o not_o to_o nourish_v a_o lion_n or_o be_v nourish_v not_o to_o provoke_v he_o it_o be_v indeed_o a_o very_a difficult_a case_n and_o will_v admit_v of_o a_o strong_a debate_n whether_o peace_n or_o liberty_n be_v most_o acceptable_a eligible_a whether_o peace_n or_o liberty_n be_v most_o eligible_a cicero_n make_v this_o question_n the_o most_o difficult_a of_o all_o other_o in_o the_o politic_n to_o be_v resolve_v whether_o our_o country_n be_v oppress_v by_o tyranny_n we_o may_v attempt_v to_o redeem_v it_o although_o with_o the_o danger_n of_o its_o desolation_n but_o it_o be_v not_o for_o private_a man_n to_o determine_v what_o the_o common_a judgement_n of_o the_o people_n will_v be_v in_o this_o case_n but_o this_o we_o abominate_a as_o be_v gross_o unjust_a to_o make_v our_o country_n liberty_n a_o cloak_n for_o our_o own_o ambition_n and_o to_o pretend_v to_o deliver_v she_o when_o we_o intend_v to_o enslave_v she_o sylla_n be_v demand_v 1_o app._n civit._n 1_o why_o he_o march_v into_o his_o own_o country_n so_o strong_o arm_v answer_v ut_fw-la eam_fw-la à _fw-la tyrannis_fw-la liberem_fw-la to_o deliver_v it_o from_o tyrant_n when_o he_o that_o pretend_v so_o to_o do_v be_v himself_o the_o great_a tyrant_n major_n plut._n catent_n major_n so_o antiochus_n bring_v a_o mighty_a army_n into_o greece_n allege_v that_o he_o come_v to_o set_v greece_n at_o liberty_n when_o indeed_o it_o want_v none_o his_o pretence_n be_v liberty_n but_o his_o intent_n tyranny_n crudelitatem_fw-la damnat_fw-la &_o crudelitatem_fw-la init_fw-la by_o condemn_v tyranny_n he_o trapan_n they_o into_o it_o commotion_n cicero_n ep._n fam._n l._n 1._o no_o alteration_n of_o government_n without_o violent_a commotion_n it_o be_v much_o better_a counsel_n that_o plato_n give_v to_o perdiccas_n which_o plato_n thus_o render_v that_o he_o shall_v attempt_v no_o more_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o he_o can_v justify_v to_o his_o subject_n for_o that_o nothing_o savour_v of_o force_n or_o violence_n shall_v be_v obtrude_v upon_o either_o our_o parent_n or_o our_o country_n to_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o sallust_n though_o thou_o can_v govern_v thy_o country_n or_o thy_o parent_n by_o force_n and_o correct_v at_o thy_o pleasure_n every_o small_a offence_n yet_o will_v it_o seem_v harsh_a and_o troublesome_a especial_o consider_v that_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v permanent_a jug_n bello_fw-la jug_n nor_o any_o mutation_n of_o government_n without_o violent_a commotion_n war_n rapine_n and_o such_o like_a act_n of_o hostility_n not_o much_o different_a from_o this_o be_v that_o of_o statius_n in_o plutarch_n brut._n vita_fw-la brut._n it_o become_v not_o a_o wise_a or_o a_o prudent_a man_n to_o endanger_v himself_o in_o popular_a tumult_n among_o either_o fool_n or_o knave_n whereunto_o we_o may_v also_o not_o impertinent_o refer_v that_o of_o st._n ambrose_n commendable_a to_o deliver_v the_o poor_a from_o oppression_n so_o it_o be_v without_o raise_v tumult_n or_o sedition_n be_v commendable_a this_o also_o will_v high_o advance_v thy_o credit_n and_o reputation_n if_o thou_o can_v rescue_v the_o poor_a out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o oppressor_n and_o deliver_v he_o that_o be_v wrongful_o condemn_v to_o die_v so_o that_o thou_o do_v it_o without_o raise_v tumult_n or_o move_a sedition_n lest_o otherwise_o thou_o shall_v seem_v to_o do_v it_o rather_o out_o of_o a_o affectation_n of_o popularity_n and_o vain_a glory_n than_o out_o of_o pity_n and_o commiseration_n and_o so_o consequent_o make_v those_o wound_v deep_a which_o thou_o shall_v heal_v it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o aquinas_n that_o the_o pull_v down_o of_o government_n though_o tyrannical_a be_v sometime_o seditious_a neither_o be_v we_o much_o move_v to_o the_o contrary_a by_o that_o fact_n of_o ehud_n to_o eglon_n king_n of_o the_o moabite_n for_o the_o scripture_n plain_o tell_v we_o 3.15_o judg._n 3.15_o that_o god_n raise_v up_o ehud_n to_o deliver_v israel_n what_o ehud_n do_v be_v do_v by_o the_o special_a warrant_n of_o god_n himself_o neither_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o this_o king_n of_o the_o moabite_n have_v by_o agreement_n no_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n 9.27_o nehem._n 9.27_o for_o god_n we_o read_v do_v execute_v his_o judgement_n even_o against_o other_o king_n by_o such_o instrument_n as_o he_o himself_o be_v please_v to_o raise_v up_o to_o that_o purpose_n as_o may_v be_v collect_v by_o jehu_n against_o joram_n 2_o kin._n 9_o xx._n no_o private_a man_n to_o be_v judge_n in_o this_o case_n but_o it_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v note_v that_o no_o private_a person_n ought_v to_o determine_v controversy_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o shall_v rather_o obey_v the_o present_a possessor_n as_o christ_n command_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o caesar_n 22.20_o caesar_n mat._n 22.20_o because_o his_o image_n make_v the_o money_n currant_n which_o be_v a_o convince_a argument_n that_o he_o be_v in_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o that_o time_n for_o the_o coin_n of_o money_n be_v ever_o the_o most_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o empire_n chap._n v._o who_o may_v lawful_o make_v war._n i._o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o war_n be_v either_o the_o principal_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n ii_o or_o in_o the_o cause_n of_o another_o iii_o or_o instrumental_a as_o servant_n and_o subject_n iv_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n none_o be_v prohibit_v from_o war._n i._o the_o principal_a efficient_a cause_n as_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n so_o in_o action_n that_o be_v voluntary_a there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o cause_n efficient_a that_o be_v to_o say_v principal_a auxiliary_a and_o instrumental_a the_o principal_a efficient_a cause_n in_o a_o war_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o who_o the_o quarrel_n be_v in_o a_o private_a war_n any_o private_a person_n in_o a_o public_a he_o that_o have_v the_o public_a power_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v supreme_a whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v just_o undertake_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o another_o not_o make_v war_n shall_v be_v discuss_v hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o natural_o every_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o revenge_v his_o own_o quarrel_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n be_v hand_n give_v unto_o we_o ii_o auxiliary_a neither_o have_v we_o a_o right_a to_o vindicate_v our_o own_o quarrel_n only_o but_o we_o may_v both_o lawful_o and_o laudable_o improve_v our_o right_n to_o the_o vindication_n of_o other_o man_n also_o they_o that_o treat_v of_o office_n say_v true_o altero_fw-la nihil_fw-la utilius_fw-la homini_fw-la homine_fw-la altero_fw-la that_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o usuful_a and_o profitable_a unto_o man_n as_o another_z man_n there_o be_v several_a obligation_n wherein_o we_o stand_v bind_v to_o one_o another_o for_o mutual_a help_n and_o assistance_n for_o kinsman_n do_v usual_o combine_v to_o help_v one_o another_o so_o one_o neighbour_n be_v oppress_v invoke_v the_o help_n of_o another_o so_o also_o do_v citizen_n the_o aid_n of_o their_o fellow-citizen_n aristotle_n think_v it_o a_o duty_n incumbent_n to_o every_o man_n to_o assume_v arm_n either_o to_o defend_v himself_o in_o case_n a_o injury_n be_v offer_v he_o or_o to_o assist_v his_o kinsman_n his_o benefactor_n or_o his_o companion_n in_o case_n of_o oppression_n and_o in_o solon_n esteem_n that_o be_v the_o best_a commonwealth_n wherein_o every_o man_n be_v as_o sensible_a of_o injury_n offer_v to_o another_o menander_n it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o menander_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v offer_v to_o themselves_o admodum_fw-la â—â—juriarum_fw-la si_fw-la improbis_fw-la auctoribus_fw-la reponeremus_fw-la ultionem_fw-la singuli_fw-la nâ—bâ—_n puâ—antes_fw-la fieri_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la alteri_fw-la inter_fw-la nos_fw-la juncti_fw-la conspiratis_fw-la viribus_fw-la non_fw-la praevaleret_fw-la innocentiae_fw-la impetus_fw-la audax_fw-la malorum_fw-la qui_fw-la custoditi_fw-la undique_fw-la jussique_fw-la poenas_fw-la quas_fw-la merentur_fw-la peâ—â—â—e_fw-la aut_fw-la nulli_fw-la penitus_fw-la essent_fw-la aut_fw-la paâ—ci_fw-la admodum_fw-la hence_o be_v that_o of_o plautus_n praetorquete_fw-la injuriae_fw-la prius_fw-la collum_n quam_fw-la ad_fw-la vos_fw-la perveniat_fw-la break_v the_o neck_n of_o a_o injury_n before_o it_o come_v at_o we_o but_o though_o all_o other_o obligation_n shall_v fail_v yet_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o we_o be_v link_v together_o in_o the_o common_a stock_n of_o humanity_n for_o ab_fw-la homine_fw-la nihil_fw-la humani_fw-la alienum_fw-la nothing_o that_o be_v incident_a to_o humane_a nature_n shall_v be_v to_o any_o man_n strange_a democritus_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n incumbent_n upon_o every_o man_n so_o far_o as_o he_o be_v able_a to_o succour_v all_o that_o be_v oppress_v with_o wrong_n and_o not_o at_o all_o to_o neglect_v it_o for_o this_o say_v he_o be_v both_o just_a and_o honest_a which_o lactantius_n thus_o express_v god_n say_v he_o who_o deny_v to_o all_o
instant_o canonize_v for_o virtue_n and_o valour_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o war_n be_v undertake_v by_o public_a authority_n like_o the_o definitive_a sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n have_v some_o effect_n of_o râ—ght_n whereof_o more_o anon_o but_o yet_o be_v they_o not_o altogether_o blameless_a unless_o there_o be_v a_o just_a cause_n to_o warrant_v it_o thus_o be_v alexander_n for_o invade_v the_o persian_n and_o other_o nation_n without_o cause_n give_v deserve_o censure_v by_o the_o scythian_n in_o curtius_n and_o elsewhere_o by_o seneca_n for_o a_o robber_n and_o by_o lucan_n for_o a_o thief_n by_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o india_n as_o a_o scourge_n to_o all_o nation_n and_o the_o common_a pest_n of_o mankind_n and_o before_o that_o by_o a_o pirate_n for_o the_o great_a pirate_n of_o the_o two_o so_o justin_n speak_v of_o his_o father_n philip_n say_v that_o two_o king_n of_o thrace_n be_v thrust_v out_o and_o deprive_v of_o their_o kingdom_n through_o the_o fraud_n and_o villainy_n of_o a_o thief_n whereunto_o we_o may_v likewise_o refer_v that_o of_o st._n augustin_n remotâ_fw-la justitiâ_fw-la quid_fw-la sunt_fw-la regna_fw-la nisi_fw-la magna_fw-la latrocinia_fw-la take_v away_o justice_n and_o what_o be_v kingdom_n but_o great_a robbery_n with_o who_o accord_v that_o of_o lactantius_n inanis_fw-la gloriae_fw-la specie_fw-la capti_fw-la sceleribus_fw-la suis_fw-la virtutis_fw-la nomen_fw-la imponunt_fw-la be_v blind_v with_o self-love_n and_o vain_a glory_n they_o miscall_v all_o their_o vice_n virtue_n nor_o be_v justin_n martyr_n much_o amiss_o when_o he_o say_v what_o thief_n do_v in_o desert_n place_n the_o very_a same_o do_v such_o prince_n who_o prefer_v opinion_n before_o truth_n now_o other_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n there_o can_v be_v none_o but_o injury_n so_o st._n augustin_n the_o wrong_n do_v on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v the_o war_n do_v on_o the_o other_o side_n just_a so_o also_o say_v the_o roman_a herald_n i_o do_v testify_v and_o declare_v that_o such_o a_o people_n be_v unjust_a and_o have_v not_o do_v we_o right_n thereby_o intimate_v that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n may_v just_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o ii_o war_n make_v 1._o for_o defence_n 2._o for_o redemption_n 3._o for_o punishment_n lawful_a now_o look_v how_o many_o cause_n there_o be_v of_o civil_a action_n so_o many_o there_o be_v of_o a_o just_a war_n for_o vbi_fw-la desinunt_fw-la judicia_fw-la incipit_fw-la bellum_fw-la where_o judgement_n cease_v war_n begin_v now_o at_o the_o law_n suit_n arise_v either_o for_o prevention_n of_o injury_n not_o yet_o do_v as_o when_o caution_n and_o security_n be_v require_v that_o no_o act_n of_o violence_n shall_v be_v offer_v nor_o any_o damage_n do_v we_o or_o for_o injury_n already_o do_v as_o namely_o that_o they_o may_v be_v recompense_v or_o the_o person_n injure_v punish_v but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o come_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o reparation_n it_o refer_v either_o to_o that_o which_o be_v or_o be_v we_o from_o whence_o arise_v vindication_n and_o some_o personal_a action_n or_o to_o something_o that_o be_v owe_v and_o just_o due_a unto_o we_o whether_o by_o some_o contract_n or_o agreement_n or_o for_o some_o hurt_n do_v unto_o we_o or_o by_o the_o law_n whither_o also_o we_o be_v to_o refer_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v say_v to_o arise_v as_o if_o they_o be_v due_a by_o contract_n or_o by_o some_o wrong_n do_v unto_o we_o from_o which_o head_n arise_v the_o other_o condiction_n that_o which_o concern_v fact_n to_o be_v punish_v require_v first_o a_o accusation_n second_o court_n of_o judgement_n most_o man_n assign_v three_o just_a cause_n of_o a_o war_n namely_o for_o defence_n for_o recovery_n of_o what_o be_v we_o and_o for_o punishment_n which_o three_z we_o shall_v find_v sum_v up_o by_o camillus_n in_o his_o denounce_v war_n against_o the_o gaul_n omnia_fw-la quae_fw-la defendi_fw-la repetique_n &_o ulcisci_fw-la fas_fw-la sit_fw-la all_o which_o may_v lawful_o be_v defend_v recover_v and_o revenge_v in_o which_o enumeration_n unless_o we_o take_v the_o word_n recover_v in_o its_o large_a signification_n it_o will_v not_o include_v the_o exact_v of_o that_o which_o be_v due_a unto_o we_o which_o be_v not_o omit_v by_o plato_n when_o he_o say_v that_o war_n may_v be_v just_o make_v not_o only_a when_o a_o man_n be_v oppress_v by_o violence_n or_o when_o he_o be_v pillage_v but_o when_o he_o be_v fraudulent_o deal_v with_o and_o so_o deceive_v of_o what_o be_v his_o due_n wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o seneca_n aequissima_fw-la vox_fw-la est_fw-la &_o jus_o gentium_fw-la prâ—_n se_fw-la ferens_fw-la red_a quod_fw-la debes_fw-la 4._o 〈◊〉_d hâ—râ—s_n 〈…〉_o 4._o tâ—â—_n be_v a_o righteous_a say_n and_o consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n pay_v what_o thou_o â—â—â—st_n and_o 〈…〉_o a_o clause_n always_o insert_v in_o that_o form_n use_v by_o the_o roman_a herald_n 4._o quas_fw-la â—ec_fw-la 〈…〉_o solverunt_fw-la nec_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la quas_fw-la dari_fw-la fieri_fw-la solvi_fw-la oportune_a that_o they_o neither_o give_v 〈…〉_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v give_v pay_v and_o do_v so_o likewise_o sâ—lust_v in_o his_o history_n 4._o â—â—re_v 〈◊〉_d tium_fw-la res_fw-la repeto_fw-la according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i_o require_v what_o be_v my_o own_o 〈◊〉_d aâ—_n 〈◊〉_d servius'_v 〈◊〉_d virgil_n aenead_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o king_n of_o the_o herald_n be_v send_v to_o denounce_v war_n 〈…〉_o to_o the_o border_n of_o the_o enemy_n country_n and_o after_o some_o ceremony_n cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n tâ—â—â—_n he_o denounce_v war_n against_o they_o for_o such_o or_o such_o cause_n either_o because_o they_o have_v wrong_v theiâ—_n associate_n or_o because_o they_o have_v not_o restore_v something_o unjust_o take_v away_o or_o that_o they_o have_v not_o deliver_v up_o offender_n to_o be_v punish_v and_o when_o st._n augustin_n say_v jâ—s_n 10_o quest_n upon_o jâ—s_n that_o just_a war_n be_v usual_o thus_o define_v quae_fw-la ulciscuntur_fw-la injurias_fw-la which_o revenge_v injury_n he_o take_v the_o word_n to_o revenge_v in_o its_o general_a signification_n for_o that_o which_o include_v also_o to_o take_v away_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o word_n follow_v which_o do_v not_o express_v a_o enumeration_n of_o part_n but_o a_o illustration_n by_o example_n so_o that_o nation_n say_v he_o or_o city_n may_v by_o arm_n be_v assault_v wâ—ich_a shall_v neglect_v either_o to_o punish_v their_o own_o subject_n for_o injury_n by_o they_o donâ—_n or_o to_o r_o store_n that_o wâ—ich_a by_o force_n be_v take_v away_o and_o by_o this_o light_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v defensive_a war_n defensive_a that_o the_o king_n of_o the_o inâ—â—eâ—_n 〈◊〉_d diodorus_n relate_v accuse_v semiramis_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o â—â—king_a war_n upon_o he_o without_o any_o injury_n at_o all_o do_v she_o for_o as_o josephus_n say_v 17._o aâ—â—_n l._n 17._o they_o that_o 〈…〉_o to_o they_o that_o live_v peaceable_o do_v but_o enforce_v they_o into_o arm_n to_o defeâ—d_v themselves_o 5._o liâ—â—_n l._n 5._o â—â—â—s_n do_v the_o roman_n plead_v with_o the_o senones_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v invade_v they_o iâ—â—â—â—_n no_o wâ—ys_n wrong_v they_o for_o man_n say_v aristotle_n do_v not_o usual_o make_v war_n but_o upon_o thâ—m_n who_o â—â—uâ—â—â—st_v injure_v they_o as_o curtius_n testify_v of_o the_o abian_a scythian_n 2._o lib._n 2._o the_o most_o innocent_a of_o all_o the_o â—â—rbarians_n armis_fw-la abstinebant_fw-la nisi_fw-la lacessiti_fw-la they_o never_o make_v waâ—_n unless_o high_o pâ—oâ—â—â—â—â—_n and_o plutarch_n of_o hercules_n that_o be_v thorough_o provoke_v he_o subdue_v all_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n the_o first_o cause_n then_o of_o a_o just_a war_n be_v injury_n not_o yet_o do_v that_o threaten_v immiâ—â—â—â—_n dâ—â—ger_n to_o our_o person_n or_o our_o estate_n iii_o war_n in_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o lawful_a that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o destroy_v he_o by_o war_n that_o will_v otherwise_o destroy_v uâ—_n oâ—â—t_o lest_o draw_v we_o into_o imminent_a peril_n of_o our_o life_n have_v already_o be_v prove_v now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o right_n of_o defend_v ourselves_o do_v principal_o and_o primary_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o malicious_a attempt_n of_o the_o aggressor_n but_o from_o the_o right_a that_o nature_n give_v unto_o every_o creature_n to_o preserve_v itself_o so_o that_o although_o he_o by_o who_o our_o life_n be_v so_o endanger_v be_v without_o blame_n as_o the_o soldier_n in_o do_v but_o his_o duty_n or_o haply_o a_o man_n mistake_v i_o for_o another_o or_o be_v mad_a or_o in_o a_o dream_n as_o we_o have_v read_v of_o some_o to_o who_o it_o have_v thus_o happen_v yet_o shall_v not_o my_o right_n to_o defend_v myself_o be_v thereby_o take_v away_o for_o to_o justify_v i_o it_o suffice_v that_o i_o be_o not_o
complain_v in_o the_o life_n of_o malchus_n 1._o malchus_n 4_o vid._n c._n sâ—scepimus_fw-la de_fw-fr homicide_n voluntario_fw-la &_o canon_n de_fw-mi his_o dist_n 1._o after_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n begin_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o christian_a prince_n she_o grow_v outward_o indeed_o more_o splendid_a but_o inward_o less_o virtuous_a fourteen_o whether_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v permit_v only_o or_o approve_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o intersection_n it_o be_v question_v by_o some_o whether_o the_o law_n at_o least_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o it_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n in_o such_o case_n wherein_o it_o suffer_v a_o private_a person_n to_o kill_v a_o thief_n do_v so_o far_o legitimate_a the_o fact_n as_o to_o make_v it_o altogether_o blameless_a but_o this_o i_o can_v grant_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o law_n itself_o have_v not_o the_o power_n of_o death_n over_o all_o its_o subject_n for_o every_o offence_n but_o for_o such_o crime_n only_o as_o deserve_v death_n and_o very_o probable_a be_v the_o opinion_n of_o scotus_n that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o adjudge_v any_o man_n to_o death_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o such_o crime_n as_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n punish_v with_o death_n with_o this_o addition_n only_o or_o for_o such_o crime_n as_o may_v be_v equal_o emballance_v with_o they_o neither_o do_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o will_n of_o god_n which_o alone_o can_v satisfy_v the_o mind_n concern_v this_o so_o great_a and_o weighty_a a_o matter_n so_o plain_o elsewhere_o appear_v as_o it_o do_v in_o that_o law_n of_o moses_n whereby_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o adjudge_v unto_o death_n beside_o the_o law_n neither_o aught_o nor_o usual_o do_v give_v unto_o any_o man_n a_o right_a to_o put_v a_o malefactor_n to_o death_n private_o though_o he_o deserve_v it_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o great_a and_o horrible_a crime_n otherwise_o the_o authority_n of_o magistrate_n and_o court_n of_o judicature_n will_v soon_o dwindle_v to_o nothing_o wherefore_o when_o the_o law_n licentiate_n a_o man_n to_o kill_v a_o thief_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o it_o rather_o tolerate_v than_o approve_v of_o the_o fact_n and_o that_o it_o acquit_v he_o only_o of_o the_o punishment_n but_o not_o that_o it_o give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o do_v it_o xv._o single_a combat_n when_o lawful_a from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v we_o may_v collect_v that_o in_o two_o case_n single_a combat_n may_v be_v undertake_v by_o private_a man_n without_o sin_n in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o the_o challenger_n shall_v grant_v his_o adversary_n a_o licence_n to_o sight_n and_o otherwise_o threaten_v to_o kill_v he_o immediate_o in_o case_n he_o refuse_v in_o the_o next_o place_n when_o a_o king_n or_o a_o magistrate_n shall_v give_v licence_n to_o two_o malefactor_n equal_o deserve_v death_n to_o try_v it_o out_o by_o combat_n whether_o of_o they_o shall_v live_v and_o he_o that_o do_v so_o do_v not_o so_o right_o perform_v his_o duty_n as_o he_o may_v for_o it_o be_v much_o better_o if_o he_o intend_v to_o satisfy_v himself_o with_o the_o death_n of_o one_o only_a to_o determine_v which_o of_o they_o shall_v die_v by_o lot_n xvi_o of_o defence_n in_o a_o public_a war._n what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o say_v concern_v the_o right_o we_o have_v to_o defend_v our_o person_n and_o good_n belong_v principal_o to_o private_a war_n yet_o so_o as_o it_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o public_a some_o respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o difference_n that_o be_v between_o they_o so_o say_v ammianus_n to_o all_o that_o be_v invade_v by_o a_o foreign_a power_n 5._o lib._n 23._o lib._n 5._o there_o be_v but_o one_o law_n and_o that_o perpetual_a namely_o by_o all_o possible_a mean_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o safety_n notwithstanding_o the_o force_n of_o any_o custom_n for_o as_o alâ—xâ—nder_v in_o herodotus_n tell_v his_o soldier_n he_o that_o be_v the_o aggressor_n have_v no_o colourable_a excuse_n for_o his_o injustice_n but_o he_o that_o defend_v himself_o only_o gather_v courage_n from_o a_o good_a conscience_n and_o fortify_v his_o hope_n in_o this_o that_o he_o do_v not_o infer_v a_o injury_n but_o repel_v one_o now_o in_o a_o private_a war_n this_o right_n of_o kill_v another_o be_v but_o momentany_a and_o determine_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v bring_v before_o a_o judge_n but_o in_o a_o public_a war_n which_o begin_v not_o till_o justice_n and_o judgement_n cease_v there_o this_o right_n last_v long_o be_v foment_v and_o perpetuate_v by_o such_o accident_n damage_n and_o wrong_n as_o be_v every_o day_n renew_v in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o war._n beside_o in_o a_o private_a war_n we_o have_v scarce_o any_o other_o end_n than_o our_o own_o defence_n but_o the_o supreme_a power_n have_v a_o right_n not_o only_o to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o to_o be_v avenge_v on_o other_o whence_o it_o be_v likewise_o lawful_a for_o they_o not_o only_o to_o resist_v certain_a and_o present_a danger_n but_o to_o prevent_v such_o as_o seem_v to_o threaten_v afar_o off_o not_o direct_o for_o that_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v injustice_n but_o indirect_o by_o revenge_v such_o wrong_n as_o be_v already_o begin_v although_o not_o â—uâ—ly_o consummate_v concern_v which_o we_o shall_v have_v cause_n to_o speak_v anon_o xvii_o when_o only_o to_o curb_v the_o power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n unlawful_a neither_o can_v we_o approve_v of_o that_o which_o some_o author_n do_v affirm_v for_o truth_n namely_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o a_o just_a war_n to_o suppress_v the_o overswell_a power_n of_o some_o ambitious_a prince_n who_o if_o let_v alone_o may_v exceed_o annoy_v we_o that_o in_o our_o ordinary_a council_n of_o war_n 14._o alb._n gent._n lib._n 1._o c._n 14._o this_o usual_o come_v in_o debate_n i_o grant_v but_o not_o so_o much_o under_o this_o notion_n because_o it_o be_v just_o but_o as_o it_o be_v profitable_a so_o that_o in_o case_n the_o war_n for_o other_o cause_n be_v just_a for_o this_o cause_n it_o may_v prudential_o be_v undertake_v and_o this_o be_v all_o that_o the_o author_n before_o cite_v do_v in_o effect_n say_v but_o from_o a_o mere_a possibility_n that_o we_o may_v hereafter_o suffer_v wrong_a to_o conclude_v a_o present_a right_n or_o a_o necessity_n of_o do_v wrong_n will_v prove_v no_o good_a inference_n in_o a_o court_n of_o equity_n divis_fw-la bal._n lib._n 3._o the_o rer_n divis_fw-la for_o all_o humane_a affair_n be_v obnoxius_fw-la to_o so_o many_o contingency_n that_o no_o security_n can_v be_v expect_v in_o this_o life_n against_o all_o uncertain_a and_o ignote_n danger_n our_o safety_n consist_v not_o in_o our_o arm_n but_o in_o our_o innoxious_a prudence_n co_fw-la operate_n with_o the_o divine_a providence_n xviii_o defence_n in_o such_o as_o have_v give_v just_a cause_n of_o war_n unlawful_a nor_o less_o unsatisfied_a be_o i_o with_o their_o reason_n who_o affirm_v that_o their_o defence_n be_v just_a who_o have_v give_v a_o occasion_n of_o a_o just_a war._n because_o say_v they_o there_o be_v very_o few_o that_o will_v be_v content_v with_o such_o a_o measure_n of_o revenge_n as_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o injury_n they_o have_v receive_v for_o this_o very_a fear_n of_o what_o be_v to_o come_v be_v uncertain_a can_v justify_v we_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o injury_n already_o do_v for_o so_o the_o malefactor_n may_v justify_v his_o resistance_n of_o the_o public_a minister_n of_o justice_n by_o his_o fear_n that_o they_o will_v inflict_v a_o great_a punishment_n upon_o he_o than_o his_o crime_n deserve_v but_o he_o that_o give_v just_a cause_n of_o offence_n aught_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o tender_v such_o satisfaction_n as_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o unbiased_a man_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o wrong_n do_v which_o if_o refuse_v then_o be_v his_o defence_n just_o 19_o 2_o king_n 18.7_o 14._o etc._n etc._n 19_o thus_o do_v hezekiah_n who_o for_o break_v the_o league_n which_o his_o ancestor_n have_v make_v with_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n be_v threaten_v with_o war_n confess_v his_o fault_n and_o promise_v to_o pay_v whatsoever_o the_o say_a king_n shall_v impose_v upon_o he_o which_o be_v do_v when_o notwithstanding_o he_o be_v afterward_o invade_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n trust_v to_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o cause_n he_o make_v his_o defence_n and_o have_v the_o most_o high_a god_n for_o his_o protector_n pontius_n samnis_n after_o he_o have_v make_v restitution_n to_o the_o roman_n of_o their_o good_n and_o deliver_v up_o the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n plead_v thus_o with_o they_o we_o have_v i_o hope_v appease_v the_o just_a wrath_n of_o heaven_n against_o we_o for_o our_o breach_n of_o the_o league_n and_o be_o
injury_n offer_v to_o humane_a nature_n 1._o lib._n 1._o romulus_n in_o livy_n make_v it_o his_o request_n to_o his_o neighbour_n that_o they_o will_v not_o disdain_v by_o interchangable_a marriage_n to_o mix_v generation_n with_o they_o and_o canuleius_n in_o the_o same_o author_n plead_v thus_o we_o say_v he_o require_v but_o lawful_a wedlock_n which_o to_o neighbour_n nation_n and_o foreigner_n be_v usual_o grant_v what_o be_v unjust_o deny_v 17._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 17._o may_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n be_v just_o take_v say_v aug._n now_o whereas_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o some_o people_n do_v careful_o provide_v against_o such_o marriage_n they_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o this_o reason_n because_o in_o the_o time_n when_o those_o law_n be_v make_v there_o be_v hardly_o any_o nation_n or_o people_n but_o be_v sufficient_o store_v with_o woman_n or_o that_o those_o law_n be_v not_o intend_v to_o interdict_v all_o such_o marriage_n but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v legitimate_a or_o just_a that_o be_v which_o shall_v produce_v some_o special_a effect_n of_o a_o civil_a right_n xxii_o a_o right_a to_o do_v such_o act_n as_o be_v permit_v to_o all_o stranger_n among_o such_o act_n whereunto_o a_o right_a in_o common_a be_v give_v by_o supposition_n we_o be_v to_o reckon_v those_o which_o a_o prince_n or_o people_n do_v promiscuous_o permit_v to_o all_o stranger_n for_o that_o nation_n be_v injure_v which_o be_v exclude_v thus_o if_o it_o be_v permit_v in_o any_o place_n for_o stranger_n to_o hunt_n fish_n hawk_n gather_v pearl_n if_o it_o be_v allow_v they_o to_o receive_v legacy_n to_o sell_v commodity_n if_o even_o where_o there_o be_v no_o scarcity_n of_o woman_n to_o contract_v marriage_n these_o can_v be_v deny_v to_o any_o one_o people_n unless_o they_o have_v some_o way_n abuse_v their_o liberty_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v 20._o judg._n 20._o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hebrew_n deny_v to_o intermarry_a with_o the_o benjamite_n xxiii_o i_o mean_v such_o as_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n not_o out_o of_o grace_n and_o favour_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o act_n only_o as_o be_v permit_v as_o it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o liberty_n which_o nature_n give_v be_v restrain_v or_o take_v away_o by_o no_o law_n but_o not_o of_o such_o as_o be_v indulge_v to_o any_o nation_n as_o act_n of_o grace_n dispense_n with_o the_o law_n for_o to_o deny_v a_o courtesy_n be_v no_o injury_n xxiv_o whether_o to_o engross_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o one_o kind_n be_v lawful_a another_o question_n be_v frequent_o start_v which_o be_v this_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o nation_n to_o contract_n with_o another_o for_o all_o their_o fruit_n of_o such_o a_o kind_n which_o be_v not_o where_o else_o to_o be_v find_v so_o that_o they_o shall_v sell_v none_o to_o any_o other_o nation_n this_o in_o my_o opinion_n may_v be_v lawful_a if_o that_o people_n that_o shall_v so_o buy_v they_o be_v willing_a to_o communicate_v to_o other_o at_o a_o reasonable_a price_n for_o it_o concern_v not_o other_o nation_n much_o by_o who_o they_o be_v supply_v with_o their_o natural_a want_n so_o as_o they_o be_v supply_v and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o to_o anticipate_v other_o in_o matter_n of_o profit_n especial_o if_o there_o be_v any_o special_a cause_n for_o it_o as_o in_o case_n the_o people_n make_v this_o contract_n shall_v undertake_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o other_o people_n and_o shall_v for_o that_o cause_n be_v at_o some_o expense_n or_o charge_n for_o such_o a_o engross_a make_v with_o such_o a_o intent_n as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o the_o natural_a right_n although_o it_o be_v sometime_o prohibit_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o original_a acquisition_n of_o thing_n where_o also_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o river_n i._o that_o thing_n be_v original_o acquire_v either_o by_o division_n or_o occupancy_n ii_o other_o way_n refute_v as_o the_o concession_n of_o right_n incorporeal_a iii_o as_o that_o also_o of_o specification_n iv_o occupancy_n twofold_n either_o of_o empire_n or_o of_o dominion_n this_o explain_v v._o that_o the_o right_n of_o occupancy_n as_o to_o thing_n movable_a may_v by_o law_n be_v prevent_v vi_o the_o dominion_n of_o infant_n and_o madman_n by_o what_o right_o hold_v vii_o that_o river_n may_v be_v acquire_v by_o occupancy_n viii_o whether_o the_o sea_n also_o may_v be_v so_o ix_o ancient_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n that_o be_v not_o lawful_a x._o but_o as_o to_o such_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v include_v by_o land_n on_o each_o side_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o impugn_v it_o xi_o how_o such_o a_o right_n of_o occupancy_n may_v be_v make_v and_o how_o long_o it_o last_v xii_o that_o such_o a_o occupancy_n give_v no_o right_a to_o impede_fw-la a_o innocent_a passage_n of_o ship_n upon_o they_o xiii_o that_o empire_n over_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o occupancy_n and_o how_o fourteen_o that_o toll_n for_o certain_a cause_n may_v be_v impose_v on_o such_o as_o traffic_v by_o sea_n xv._o of_o agreement_n which_o forbid_v some_o people_n to_o sail_v beyond_o certain_a bound_n xvi_o a_o river_n change_v its_o course_n whether_o it_o change_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o territory_n explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n xvii_o what_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v in_o case_n a_o river_n do_v manifest_o change_v its_o course_n xviii_o that_o the_o whole_a river_n do_v sometime_o pass_v with_o the_o territory_n xix_o that_o thing_n clear_o desert_v become_v the_o next_o occupant_n unless_o the_o propriety_n be_v hold_v in_o general_a by_o some_o prince_n or_o people_n i._o how_o thing_n become_v we_o original_o thing_n may_v become_v we_o by_o a_o particular_a right_n either_o by_o a_o originary_a or_o by_o a_o derivative_a acquisition_n originary_a acquisition_n when_o man_n begin_v first_o to_o associate_v together_o may_v also_o arise_v by_o division_n as_o we_o have_v say_v but_o now_o by_o occupancy_n only_o ii_o other_o mean_n refute_v but_o some_o man_n may_v haply_o say_v that_o somewhat_o of_o originary_a right_n may_v also_o be_v acquire_v by_o some_o service_n do_v or_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o pledge_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o he_o that_o thorough_o weigh_v the_o matter_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a right_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o manner_n for_o it_o be_v first_o virtual_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o lord_n iii_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n to_o the_o cause_n of_o acquisition_n add_v this_o which_o indeed_o seem_v most_o natural_a if_o we_o ourselves_o have_v give_v be_v to_o that_o which_o we_o claim_v as_o we_o but_o since_o nothing_o can_v natural_o be_v make_v without_o some_o pre-existing_a matter_n now_o if_o that_o be_v we_o the_o species_n be_v introduce_v the_o dominion_n will_v be_v continue_v but_o if_o the_o matter_n pre-existing_a belong_v to_o none_o then_o shall_v the_o right_o be_v acquire_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o occupancy_n but_o if_o it_o it_o belong_v to_o another_o then_o that_o the_o right_n of_o propriety_n descend_v not_o natural_o unto_o we_o alone_o will_v appear_v by_o what_o follow_v iv_o occupancy_n twofold_n of_o empire_n or_o dominion_n now_o let_v we_o examine_v whether_o that_o occupancy_n which_o after_o those_o first_o time_n be_v the_o only_a natural_a mean_n of_o gain_v propriety_n be_v also_o the_o originary_a of_o thing_n that_o proper_o belong_v to_o none_o two_o thing_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v hold_v in_o propriety_n namely_o empire_n and_o dominion_n as_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o empire_n which_o seneca_n thus_o difference_v ad_fw-la reges_fw-la potestas_fw-la omnium_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la singulos_fw-la proprietas_fw-la to_o king_n appertain_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o all_o to_o private_a man_n the_o propriety_n or_o dominion_n of_o what_o be_v they_o 5._o ch._n 5._o and_o a_o little_a after_o rex_fw-la omne_fw-la imperio_fw-la possidet_fw-la singuli_fw-la dominio_fw-la king_n hold_v all_o by_o their_o sovereignty_n and_o private_a man_n what_o be_v they_o by_o dominion_n and_o again_o caesar_n omne_fw-la habet_fw-la fiscus_n autem_fw-la privata_fw-la tantum_fw-la &_o sva_fw-la caesar_n have_v all_o yet_o be_v his_o exchequer_n private_a only_o 54._o lib._n 10._o ep._n 54._o and_o his_o own_o so_o symmachus_n concern_v king_n you_o rule_v all_o but_o preserve_v to_o every_o one_o his_o own_o of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v dion_n prusaensis_n regio_fw-la civitatis_fw-la est_fw-la at_o non_fw-la eo_fw-la minus_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la possidet_fw-la the_o whole_a country_n be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o city_n yet_o in_o it_o every_o
faciat_fw-la non_fw-la voluntas_fw-la as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o sex_n that_o make_v the_o crime_n not_o the_o will_n but_o with_o we_o what_o be_v unlawful_a for_o woman_n be_v equal_o unlawful_a for_o man_n the_o same_o yoke_n bind_v both_o to_o the_o like_a condition_n there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o our_o bless_a saviour_n in_o the_o forecited_n place_n objection_n namely_o mat._n 5.32_o and_o mat._n 19.9_o do_v not_o ordain_v a_o new_a law_n but_o only_o restore_v the_o old_a aledge_v for_o themselves_o the_o very_a word_n of_o our_o saviour_n which_o seem_v to_o reduce_v 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o original_a institution_n ab_fw-la initio_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la sic_fw-la from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v not_o so_o whereunto_o we_o may_v answer_v answer_v that_o from_o our_o first_o condition_n when_o god_n to_o one_o man_n give_v but_o one_o woman_n we_o may_v well_o collect_v what_o be_v best_a for_o man_n and_o what_o most_o acceptable_a to_o god_n and_o from_o thence_o conclude_v that_o to_o walk_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n be_v ever_o most_o safe_a and_o commendable_a but_o we_o can_v from_o thence_o infer_v that_o to_o have_v many_o wife_n be_v sinful_a for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o transgression_n but_o in_o those_o time_n there_o be_v no_o such_o law_n extant_a so_o also_o when_o god_n say_v whether_o by_o adam_n or_o by_o moses_n that_o this_o league_n of_o matrimony_n be_v so_o sacred_a and_o strict_a that_o the_o husband_n be_v oblige_v to_o separate_v himself_o from_o his_o father_n house_n and_o together_o with_o his_o wife_n plant_v another_o family_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v say_v to_o pharaoh_n daughter_n psal_n 45.11_o forget_v also_o thy_o own_o people_n and_o thy_o father_n house_n and_o although_o we_o may_v collect_v from_o this_o strong_a consignation_n how_o acceptable_a it_o will_v be_v to_o god_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v perpetual_a yet_o it_o can_v from_o hence_o be_v evince_v that_o even_o than_o it_o be_v command_v that_o this_o knot_n shall_v not_o be_v abraham_n lib._n 1._o c._n 14._o de_fw-fr abraham_n for_o any_o cause_n whatsoever_o dissolve_v st._n ambrose_n in_o the_o case_n of_o polygamy_n distinguish_v that_o which_o god_n commend_v in_o paradise_n from_o condemn_v the_o contrary_a but_o christ_n forbid_v any_o man_n to_o separate_v those_o who_o god_n by_o his_o first_o institution_n do_v conjoin_v make_v that_o a_o matter_n worthy_a of_o his_o new_a law_n 4._o grat._n c._n 33._o q._n 4._o which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v best_a for_o man_n and_o most_o acceptable_a to_o god_n 2._o most_o nation_n tolerate_v divorce_n and_o polygamy_n de_fw-fr moribus_fw-la germ._n herodian_a l._n 2._o certain_a it_o be_v that_o most_o nation_n in_o ancient_a time_n do_v both_o indulge_v unto_o themselves_o the_o liberty_n of_o divorce_n and_o also_o of_o enjoy_v plurality_n of_o wife_n of_o all_o barbarous_a nation_n the_o german_n be_v well_o nigh_o the_o only_a people_n record_v by_o tacitus_n that_o be_v content_v with_o one_o wife_n but_o the_o persian_a indian_a and_o thracian_a history_n do_v clear_o testify_v the_o lawfulness_n among_o they_o both_o of_o polygamy_n and_o divorce_n among_o the_o egyptian_n their_o priest_n only_o be_v restrain_v to_o one_o wife_n and_o among_o the_o grecian_n as_o athenaeus_n tell_v we_o cecrops_n be_v the_o first_o that_o allow_v to_o one_o man_n but_o one_o wife_n and_o yet_o that_o this_o be_v no_o long-lived_a practice_n among_o the_o athenian_n we_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o example_n of_o socrates_n and_o other_o and_o if_o haply_o any_o people_n do_v live_v more_o abstemious_o as_o the_o roman_n who_o never_o admit_v of_o bigamy_n nor_o in_o a_o long_a time_n of_o divorce_n they_o be_v certain_o high_o to_o be_v commend_v in_o that_o they_o draw_v near_o unto_o that_o which_o be_v most_o perfect_a and_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o hence_o follow_v that_o they_o who_o do_v otherwise_o before_o the_o promulgation_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n do_v therein_o sin_n for_o as_o st._n augustine_n right_o observe_v observe_v contr._n faust_n lib._n 22_o c._n 47._o every_o nation_n have_v its_o several_a qualites_fw-la wherein_o they_o differ_v no_o less_o than_o in_o their_o peculiar_a language_n which_o disagree_v condition_n to_o govern_v apt_o no_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n can_v suffice_v the_o most_o high_a god_n permit_v some_o thing_n in_o the_o israelite_n for_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o heart_n which_o be_v not_o consonant_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o perfection_n where_o therefore_o nature_n or_o custom_n have_v entertain_v a_o vicious_a yet_o not_o intolerable_a habit_n with_o so_o long_a and_o public_a approbation_n that_o the_o opposite_a virtue_n will_v seem_v as_o uncouth_a as_o it_o will_v be_v to_o walk_v naked_a in_o england_n there_o may_v a_o wise_a and_o upright_a lawgiver_n conceal_v for_o a_o while_o his_o inward_a dislike_n till_o time_n make_v way_n for_o a_o more_o complete_a reformation_n est_fw-la aliquid_fw-la prodire_fw-la tenus_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la detur_fw-la ultra_fw-la for_o want_v of_o discretion_n in_o this_o case_n the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n in_o africa_n be_v unhappy_o divert_v from_o christianity_n which_o it_o willing_o at_o first_o embrace_v but_o afterward_o with_o great_a indignation_n reject_v for_o no_o other_o reason_n 63._o see_v rawl_n p._n 293._o see_v 2_o chron._n 30.18_o 19_o history_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n p._n 63._o but_o because_o plurality_n of_o wife_n be_v i_o know_v not_o how_o necessary_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a more_o contentious_o than_o seasonable_o deny_v unto_o they_o for_o where_o a_o vice_n can_v be_v root_v out_o without_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o state_n it_o be_v acceptable_a to_o god_n for_o a_o time_n to_o connive_v at_o it_o quando_fw-la mos_fw-la erat_fw-la crimen_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la while_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n it_o be_v no_o crime_n at_o least_o not_o impute_v as_o so_o x._o what_o marriage_n be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o marriage_n be_v good_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o direct_v our_o judgement_n herein_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o not_o everything_o that_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o appear_v by_o thing_n prodigal_o give_v away_o but_o those_o only_o wherein_o that_o principle_n be_v want_v which_o shall_v give_v life_n and_o vigour_n to_o the_o act_n or_o in_o which_o all_o its_o effect_n be_v vitiate_a and_o taint_v now_o that_o principle_n which_o give_v life_n to_o this_o and_o all_o other_o humane_a act_n be_v that_o right_n which_o we_o expound_v to_o be_v a_o moral_a power_n or_o faculty_n to_o do_v it_o together_o with_o a_o will_v sufficient_o declare_v but_o what_o will_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v a_o right_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o declare_v more_o full_o when_o we_o shall_v discourse_v of_o promise_n in_o general_n nature_n whether_o the_o consent_n of_o parent_n be_v requisite_a to_o a_o perfect_a marriage_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o concern_v this_o moral_a power_n the_o first_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o consent_n of_o parent_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n requisite_a to_o a_o perfect_a marriage_n which_o some_o affirm_v but_o herein_o they_o be_v mistake_v for_o all_o their_o argument_n do_v enforce_v no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o duty_n they_o owe_v to_o their_o parent_n to_o crave_v their_o consent_n which_o we_o shall_v easy_o grant_v they_o provide_v that_o the_o will_n of_o their_o parent_n be_v not_o manifest_o unjust_a for_o if_o child_n be_v to_o reverence_v their_o parent_n in_o all_o thing_n sure_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o most_o especial_o in_o such_o thing_n wherein_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v concern_v as_o in_o marriage_n and_o yet_o it_o can_v hence_o be_v infer_v that_o a_o son_n have_v not_o a_o moral_a right_o to_o dispose_v of_o himself_o if_o they_o consent_v not_o for_o he_o that_o marry_v aught_o to_o be_v of_o mature_a age_n and_o judgement_n and_o he_o be_v to_o forsake_v his_o father_n house_n so_o that_o he_o be_v herein_o exempt_v from_o his_o father_n domestic_a discipline_n and_o become_v from_o thence_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d master_n of_o himself_o and_o although_o the_o duty_n of_o love_n and_o reverence_n do_v oblige_v he_o to_o ask_v the_o good_a will_n of_o his_o parent_n yet_o do_v not_o the_o breach_n of_o that_o duty_n null_a the_o act_n of_o his_o marriage_n that_o the_o roman_n and_o such_o other_o nation_n do_v make_v void_a such_o marriage_n be_v not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o from_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lawmaker_n for_o by_o the_o same_o law_n the_o mother_n to_o who_o
wine_n and_o dainty_a fare_n the_o court_n inflame_v of_o their_o unbridled_a lust_n be_v not_o ashamed_a and_o a_o little_a after_o cui_fw-la fas_fw-la implere_fw-la parentem_fw-la quid_fw-la reor_fw-la essenefas_fw-la who_o fear_v not_o with_o his_o mother_n to_o lie_v to_o he_o what_o can_v be_v villainy_n the_o execrable_a custom_n particular_o among_o the_o persian_n 20._o orat._n 20._o dion_n prusaeensis_n prudent_o attribute_n to_o their_o evil_a education_n but_o here_o we_o can_v without_o wonder_v pass_v by_o that_o vain_a conceit_n of_o socrates_n and_o xenophon_n who_o can_v find_v nothing_o reprovable_a in_o these_o incestuous_a marriage_n beside_o the_o disparity_n in_o age_n whence_o barrenness_n or_o misshapen_v child_n must_v necessary_o follow_v for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o reason_n than_o this_o to_o hinder_v such_o marriage_n sure_o it_o can_v no_o more_o invalid_a these_o than_o the_o like_a disparity_n in_o year_n can_v render_v other_o marriage_n unlawful_a but_o that_o which_o be_v much_o more_o worthy_a of_o our_o enquiry_n be_v this_o whether_o among_o man_n unbiased_a by_o a_o ill_a education_n there_o be_v not_o beside_o that_o which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v conceive_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o understanding_n a_o natural_a abhorrency_n even_o in_o our_o affection_n to_o commix_v either_o with_o our_o own_o parent_n or_o with_o the_o child_n issue_v out_o of_o our_o own_o loin_n 47._o some_o beast_n abhor_v such_o coition_n lib._n 5._o adv_n gent._n hist_o animal_n l._n 9_o c._n 47._o especial_o when_o we_o find_v the_o like_a even_o in_o some_o brute_n beast_n for_o so_o among_o other_o arnobius_n testify_v where_o speak_v of_o the_o horror_n of_o such_o unnatural_a coition_n he_o say_v quem_fw-la non_fw-la hominibus_fw-la solis_fw-la sed_fw-la animalibus_fw-la quoque_fw-la nonnullis_fw-la natura_fw-la ipsa_fw-la subjecit_fw-la &_o ingeneratus_fw-la ille_fw-la communiter_fw-la sensus_fw-la which_o nature_n and_o common_a sense_n have_v instill_v not_o into_o man_n only_o but_o into_o some_o beast_n aristotle_n record_v a_o notable_a experiment_n of_o this_o in_o a_o camel_n who_o can_v not_o be_v induce_v to_o cover_v his_o own_o dam_n until_o his_o keeper_n have_v cover_v her_o head_n over_o with_o a_o hood_n and_o so_o deceive_v he_o but_o the_o hood_n fall_v off_o while_o he_o be_v upon_o she_o though_o he_o do_v the_o act_n yet_o remember_v what_o he_o have_v do_v present_o after_o so_o tear_v his_o keeper_n that_o he_o kill_v he_o the_o like_a he_o relate_v of_o a_o generous_a colt_n in_o scythia_n which_o refuse_v to_o cover_v his_o dam_n but_o be_v in_o like_a manner_n deceive_v break_v his_o own_o neck_n for_o very_a horror_n of_o the_o fact_n 42._o nat._n hist_o lib._n 8._o c._n 42._o the_o like_a story_n we_o read_v in_o pliny_n of_o a_o horse_n that_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n kill_v himself_o and_o of_o a_o mare_n that_o be_v likewise_o delude_v worry_v her_o keeper_n to_o death_n for_o say_v the_o historian_n these_o beast_n be_v not_o without_o some_o knowledge_n of_o their_o own_o kindred_n not_o much_o unlike_a unto_o this_o be_v that_o of_o oppianus_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o hunt_v and_o of_o varro_n in_o his_o second_o book_n and_o seven_o chapter_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi rustica_fw-la and_o to_o the_o like_a purpose_n be_v that_o of_o seneca_n in_o his_o hippolytus_n ferae_fw-la quoque_fw-la ipsae_fw-la veneris_fw-la evitant_fw-la nefas_fw-la generisque_fw-la leges_fw-la inscius_fw-la seruat_fw-la pudor_fw-la even_o beast_n themselves_o do_v from_o their_o dam_n refrain_v and_o teach_v by_o nature_n chaste_a law_n maintain_v xiii_o the_o degree_n of_o affinity_n and_o consanguinity_n forbid_v another_o question_n arise_v here_o concern_v the_o degree_n of_o affinity_n and_o consanguinity_n in_o the_o cross_a line_n especial_o of_o those_o mention_v leu._n 18._o for_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o they_o be_v not_o interdict_v by_o the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o express_a will_n of_o god_n and_o that_o not_o only_o to_o the_o hebrew_n but_o to_o all_o mankind_n as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o very_a word_n of_o god_n himself_o to_o moses_n defile_v not_o yourselves_o in_o any_o of_o these_o thing_n for_o in_o all_o these_o thing_n the_o nation_n be_v defile_v noah_n leu._n 18.24_o 25_o 27._o incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n or_o noah_n which_o i_o cast_v out_o before_o you_o and_o the_o land_n be_v defile_v therefore_o do_v i_o visit_v the_o iniquity_n thereof_o upon_o it_o and_o the_o land_n itself_o spew_v â—ut_v her_o inhabitant_n noah_n incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n or_o noah_n for_o if_o the_o canaanite_n and_o their_o neighbour_n do_v sin_n in_o all_o these_o thing_n and_o be_v punish_v for_o so_o do_v certain_o they_o have_v a_o law_n give_v they_o which_o forbid_v the_o do_v of_o they_o which_o law_n since_o it_o be_v not_o mere_o natural_a must_v needs_o be_v give_v by_o god_n either_o peculiarly_a to_o they_o which_o be_v not_o very_o probable_a nor_o will_v the_o word_n bear_v that_o sense_n or_o to_o all_o mankind_n either_o at_o the_o creation_n to_o adam_n or_o after_o the_o flood_n to_o noah_n now_o such_o law_n as_o be_v give_v to_o all_o mankind_n christ_n do_v not_o wâ—ere_o abrogate_v but_o those_o only_a which_o as_o a_o hedge_n or_o partition_n wall_n do_v separate_v that_o nation_n from_o all_o other_o beside_o 7.25_o eph._n 2.14_o 1_o cor._n 7.25_o when_o st._n paul_n do_v so_o severe_o censure_v the_o corinthian_a for_o marry_v his_o mother-in-law_n as_o he_o have_v no_o peculiar_a command_n from_o christ_n so_o to_o do_v so_o he_o use_v no_o other_o argument_n to_o justify_v his_o severity_n than_o this_o that_o it_o be_v repute_v unclean_a even_o among_o the_o profane_a gentile_n witness_v carondas_n his_o law_n which_o brand_v such_o marriage_n with_o infamy_n and_o that_o of_o cicero_n in_o a_o case_n not_o much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o corinthian_a cluentio_n pro_fw-la a_o cluentio_n for_o have_v first_o lay_v open_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o prove_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o mother-in-law_n with_o her_o son-in-law_n in_o detestation_n of_o so_o foul_a a_o crime_n he_o cry_v out_o o_o mulieris_fw-la incredibile_fw-la scelus_fw-la &_o praeter_fw-la hanc_fw-la unam_fw-la in_fw-la omni_fw-la vita_fw-la inauditum_fw-la o_o the_o incredible_a wickedness_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o but_o in_o this_o never_o hear_v of_o when_o king_n seleucus_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o give_v his_o wife_n stratonice_n to_o his_o son_n antiochus_n verebatur_fw-la ne_fw-la ipsa_fw-la offenderetur_fw-la ut_fw-la re_fw-la illicita_fw-la he_o be_v afraid_a say_v plutarch_n lest_o she_o shall_v take_v offence_n at_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n unlawful_a for_o so_o it_o be_v in_o virgil_n account_n thalamos_fw-la ausum_fw-la incestare_fw-la novercae_fw-la his_o father_n bed_n with_o incest_n dare_v pollute_v which_o general_a detestation_n of_o these_o incestuous_a marriage_n if_o it_o derive_v not_o its_o origine_fw-la from_o a_o immediate_a dictate_v of_o nature_n it_o must_v necessary_o descend_v by_o ancient_a tradition_n from_o some_o precept_n give_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n or_o noah_n the_o ancient_a hebrew_n who_o herein_o be_v no_o mean_a interpreter_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o maimonides_n who_o have_v read_v and_o with_o sound_a judgement_n weigh_v all_o they_o write_v do_v assign_v two_o cause_n of_o those_o law_n concern_v marriage_n mention_v leu._n 18._o the_o first_o be_v law_n the_o hebrew_n assign_v two_o reason_n of_o those_o law_n a_o certain_a natural_a modesty_n which_o will_v not_o endure_v that_o parent_n shall_v mix_v with_o their_o own_o issue_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o by_o such_o person_n as_o either_o in_o blood_n or_o alliance_n be_v near_o unto_o they_o the_o second_o be_v for_o prevention_n of_o fornication_n and_o adultery_n which_o too_o much_o familiarity_n and_o daily_a conversation_n without_o any_o watchful_a eye_n to_o restrain_v they_o may_v occasion_n especial_o if_o such_o wanton_a dalliance_n may_v be_v make_v good_a by_o lawful_a marriage_n now_o if_o we_o will_v judicious_o adapt_v these_o two_o cause_n unto_o those_o divine_a law_n beforementioned_a leu._n 18._o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o in_o those_o that_o be_v ally_v in_o the_o right_a line_n either_o ascendent_n or_o descendent_a for_o we_o do_v not_o here_o mention_v that_o of_o parent_n with_o their_o child_n which_o natural_a reason_n without_o any_o other_o law_n teach_v we_o to_o abhor_v and_o in_o those_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o oblique_a line_n which_o because_o of_o its_o immediate_a descent_n from_o the_o common_a stock_n be_v usual_o account_v the_o second_o degree_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o fresh_a and_o lively_a image_n of_o the_o parent_n in_o the_o child_n the_o former_a of_o the_o two_o cause_n abovementioned_a be_v
that_o they_o always_o precede_v in_o such_o council_n as_o be_v call_v concern_v christian_n affair_n who_o first_o profess_v themselves_o christian_n as_o aeneas_n silvius_n record_v in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n xxii_o where_o divers_a society_n claim_v unequal_a share_n how_o vote_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v but_o yet_o so_o often_o as_o the_o ground_n and_o main_a reason_n of_o enter_v into_o this_o society_n be_v the_o preservation_n of_o something_o hold_v by_o they_o in_o common_a but_o not_o in_o equal_a proportion_n as_o in_o a_o inheritance_n or_o in_o a_o field_n wherein_o one_o have_v half_a another_o a_o three_o another_o a_o four_o part_n than_o not_o only_o the_o order_n but_o the_o suffrage_n of_o that_o assembly_n shall_v be_v not_o by_o the_o plurality_n of_o single_a vote_n but_o by_o the_o proportion_n that_o they_o several_o have_v in_o the_o thing_n hold_v in_o common_a which_o as_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n so_o it_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n so_o strabo_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o lybica_n with_o three_o other_o adjoin_a city_n do_v unite_v themselves_o as_o it_o be_v in_o one_o body_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o each_o of_o the_o three_o be_v to_o have_v one_o voice_n but_o lybica_n two_o because_o it_o contribute_v much_o more_o to_o the_o common_a benefit_n than_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o lycia_n there_o be_v twenty_o three_o city_n combine_v whereof_o some_o have_v three_o voice_n some_o two_o and_o some_o but_o one_o 9_o fol._n l._n 3._o c._n 9_o and_z according_o all_o charge_n be_v divide_v and_o pay_v and_o this_o be_v but_o just_a say_v aristotle_n if_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o common_a possession_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o their_o consociation_n xxiii_o the_o right_a of_o society_n over_o their_o citizen_n of_o all_o society_n that_o of_o divers_a master_n of_o family_n embody_v in_o one_o city_n or_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a so_o it_o give_v a_o great_a right_a or_o power_n to_o the_o whole_a over_o every_o part_n thereof_o than_o any_o other_o society_n whatsoever_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o outward_a act_n do_v by_o any_o one_o citizen_n but_o what_o either_o by_o itself_o do_v or_o by_o circumstance_n may_v refer_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o that_o society_n for_o as_o aristotle_n tell_v we_o the_o law_n do_v rule_v we_o in_o thing_n of_o all_o sort_n xxiv_o whether_o citizen_n may_v desert_v their_o city_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o citizen_n to_o forsake_v their_o city_n without_o leave_n give_v there_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n say_v servius_n that_o he_o that_o transplant_v himself_o into_o another_o family_n or_o nation_n do_v first_o renounce_v that_o wherein_o he_o former_o dwell_v and_o then_o be_v receive_v and_o true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o some_o country_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o forsake_v the_o city_n without_o leave_n as_o in_o the_o city_n of_o moscow_n 13._o mariana_n liâ—_n 28._o c._n 13._o neither_o do_v i_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o civil_a society_n to_o be_v enter_v into_o under_o some_o such_o agreement_n and_o that_o custom_n may_v introduce_v the_o force_n of_o such_o a_o agreement_n yet_o by_o the_o latter_a roman_a law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o citizen_n to_o remove_v his_o habitation_n yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o he_o stand_v still_o oblige_v to_o execute_v such_o office_n in_o the_o city_n as_o shall_v be_v impose_v on_o he_o neither_o be_v these_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a territory_n and_o special_a care_n be_v take_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o they_o shall_v pay_v their_o contribution_n but_o set_v aside_o these_o municipal_a law_n and_o constitution_n let_v we_o discuss_v this_o question_n according_a to_o natural_a right_n and_o that_o not_o of_o any_o one_o part_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o under_o the_o supreme_a dominion_n of_o one_o person_n and_o sure_o that_o they_o can_v recede_v by_o flock_n or_o great_a company_n be_v easy_o collect_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o end_n which_o in_o moral_a thing_n be_v able_a to_o create_v a_o right_n for_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v lawful_a there_o may_v instant_o follow_v a_o dissolution_n of_o that_o civil_a society_n zonoras_n speak_v of_o king_n lazus_n who_o revolt_v from_o the_o persian_n to_o the_o roman_n make_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war_n between_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o roman_a general_n have_v draw_v unto_o himself_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o departure_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n from_o a_o city_n it_o be_v much_o otherwise_o as_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o draw_v water_n out_o of_o a_o river_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o turn_v the_o course_n of_o it_o every_o citizen_n say_v triphonius_n be_v free_a either_o to_o stay_v in_o or_o to_o depart_v from_o his_o own_o city_n and_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o baldus_n commend_v this_o law_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o stay_v in_o a_o city_n against_o his_o will_n and_o this_o he_o lay_v down_o as_o the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n that_o every_o freeman_n have_v absolute_a power_n over_o himself_o liberty_n to_o live_v where_o we_o please_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n either_o to_o remain_v in_o it_o or_o to_o recede_v from_o it_o and_o yet_o herein_o also_o we_o be_v to_o submit_v to_o natural_a equity_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o the_o roman_n walk_v by_o in_o dissolve_v private_a society_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a when_o the_o public_a be_v damnify_v by_o it_o for_o as_o proculus_n right_o observe_v always_o not_o that_o which_o be_v profitable_a to_o some_o one_o of_o a_o society_n be_v usual_o to_o be_v observe_v but_o what_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a but_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a society_n that_o in_o case_n any_o great_a public_a debt_n be_v contract_v no_o citizen_n shall_v forsake_v the_o city_n unless_o he_o have_v first_o pay_v his_o proportion_n of_o it_o also_o if_o upon_o confidence_n of_o the_o number_n of_o their_o citizen_n they_o have_v begin_v a_o war_n but_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v besiege_v no_o citizen_n ought_v to_o forsake_v the_o city_n till_o he_o have_v first_o provide_v a_o person_n as_o able_a as_o himself_o to_o defend_v the_o commonwealth_n but_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o these_o case_n only_o it_o be_v probable_a enough_o that_o the_o people_n do_v give_v their_o consent_n that_o any_o citizen_n may_v free_o depart_v because_o even_o from_o this_o liberty_n they_o may_v make_v no_o less_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o some_o other_o way_n xxv_o a_o city_n have_v no_o power_n over_o she_o banish_v so_o likewise_o no_o city_n can_v have_v any_o right_n over_o those_o who_o she_o have_v banish_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o *_o the_o heraclidae_fw-la be_v banish_v argos_n by_o euristeus_n and_o afterward_o persecute_v by_o he_o do_v thus_o plead_v by_o their_o advocate_n jolaus_fw-la by_o what_o right_o do_v he_o prosecute_v we_o now_o who_o he_o banish_v his_o city_n for_o now_o we_o be_v no_o subject_n of_o he_o and_o alcibiades_n his_o son_n speak_v of_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n banishment_n tell_v the_o athenian_n 41._o lib._n 3._o c._n 20._o §._o 41._o that_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o city_n do_v nothing_o concern_v his_o father_n so_o likewise_o nicetas_n speak_v of_o isaac_n angelus_n say_v it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n for_o any_o man_n to_o court_n and_o flatter_v his_o enemy_n that_o be_v but_o sensible_a that_o his_o own_o countryman_n do_v persecute_v he_o as_o their_o enemy_n but_o now_o the_o consociation_n of_o several_a nation_n whether_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o governor_n be_v call_v league_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o effect_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v when_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o contract_n and_o agreement_n xxvi_o what_o right_o a_o man_n have_v over_o his_o adopt_a son_n there_o be_v also_o voluntary_a subjection_n and_o those_o either_o private_a or_o public_a the_o private_a vary_v according_a to_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o government_n that_o which_o be_v most_o noble_a be_v that_o of_o arrogation_n or_o adoption_n whereby_o a_o man_n translate_v himself_o into_o the_o family_n of_o another_o so_o as_o he_o behave_v himself_o with_o that_o duty_n and_o reverence_n as_o a_o son_n of_o mature_a age_n shall_v do_v roward_n his_o own_o parent_n no_o father_n can_v possible_o transfer_v his_o paternal_a right_n over_o his_o son_n to_o another_o man_n so_o full_o as_o to_o be_v
the_o ancient_a estate_n shall_v return_v from_o whence_o it_o descend_v and_o to_o their_o child_n x._o but_o that_o which_o be_v late_o gain_v to_o the_o near_a in_o blood_n xi_o the_o law_n touch_v succession_n be_v diverse_a xii_o how_o succession_n take_v place_n in_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n xiii_o in_o kingdom_n indivisible_a the_o first-born_a to_o be_v prefer_v fourteen_o that_o kingdom_n which_o by_o the_o people_n consent_n be_v hereditary_a if_o in_o doubt_n be_v presume_v indivisible_a xv._o the_o succession_n not_o to_o last_v beyond_o the_o line_n of_o the_o first_o king_n xvi_o natural_a issue_n not_o at_o all_o concern_v in_o it_o xvii_o the_o male_a issue_n prefer_v before_o the_o female_a within_o the_o same_o degree_n xviii_o of_o the_o male_n the_o elder_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v xix_o whether_o such_o a_o kingdom_n be_v part_n of_o a_o inheritance_n xx._n it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o a_o kingdom_n do_v agree_v with_o that_o of_o succession_n to_o other_o thing_n at_o that_o time_n when_o that_o kingdom_n begin_v whether_o absolute_a xxi_o or_o hold_v of_o another_o in_o fee_n xxii_o of_o lineal_a suceession_n to_o the_o next_o in_o blood_n whether_o males_n or_o female_n and_o how_o the_o right_a be_v thereby_o transmit_v xxiii_o of_o lineal_a succession_n to_o the_o male_a issue_n only_o call_v agnatical_a succession_n xxiv_o of_o that_o succession_n which_o always_o respect_v the_o near_a to_o the_o first_o king_n only_o xxv_o whether_o a_o son_n may_v be_v exheredate_v so_o as_o to_o bar_v his_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n xxvi_o whether_o a_o king_n may_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o child_n renounce_v his_o kingdom_n xxvii_o concern_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n the_o judgement_n to_o speak_v proper_o be_v neither_o in_o the_o king_n nor_o people_n xxviii_o a_o son_n bear_v before_o his_o father_n be_v king_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o he_o that_o be_v postnate_a xxix_o unless_o it_o be_v otherwise_o provide_v by_o some_o other_o law_n xxx_o whether_o the_o elder_a brother_n decease_v his_o son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n explain_v by_o distinction_n xxxi_o also_o whether_o the_o young_a brother_n live_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n elder_a brother_n son_n xxxii_o whether_o the_o king_n brother_n son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n uncle_n xxxiii_o whether_o the_o king_n son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n daughter_n xxxiv_o whether_o the_o young_a son_n of_o a_o king_n son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o a_o daughter_n xxxv_o whether_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a son_n xxxvi_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o a_o sister_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o brother_n xxxvii_o whether_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o elder_a brother_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n i._o some_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n unjust_a have_v thus_o show_v what_o right_o may_v be_v derive_v from_o another_o by_o his_o act_n now_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o right_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o another_o by_o law_n and_o this_o be_v either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v endless_a to_o treat_v here_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n neither_o be_v the_o main_a controversy_n concern_v war_n thereby_o determine_v and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v purposely_o omit_v it_o yet_o be_v it_o worth_a our_o observation_n to_o know_v that_o some_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v apparent_o unjust_a as_o that_o which_o adjudge_v good_n shipwrack_v unto_o the_o king_n coffer_n for_o to_o take_v away_o another_o right_a and_o propriety_n without_o any_o precede_a cause_n that_o be_v probable_a be_v a_o manifest_a injury_n thus_o plead_v helen_n in_o euripides_n helen_n helen_n wreck_v and_o a_o stranger_n come_v i_o in_o such_o to_o despoil_v be_v horrid_a sin_n for_o what_o right_o say_v constantine_n can_v the_o misfortune_n of_o another_o create_v to_o a_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v enrich_v by_o a_o calamity_n so_o much_o to_o be_v pity_v 12._o lib._n 1._o c._n the_o naâ—f_n l._n 12._o and_o therefore_o dion_n prusaeensis_n in_o a_o oration_n of_o his_o concern_v shipwreck_n cry_v out_o absit_fw-la o_o jupiter_n ut_fw-la lucrum_fw-la captemus_fw-la tale_n ex_fw-la hominum_fw-la infortunio_fw-la farneze_n be_v it_o o_o jupiter_n from_o i_o to_o take_v such_o advantage_n by_o other_o man_n misfortune_n and_o yet_o such_o a_o right_o do_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n very_o unjust_o give_v as_o among_o the_o english_a the_o sicilian_n and_o such_o a_o ancient_a law_n sopater_n mention_n to_o be_v in_o force_n in_o greece_n christian_n king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o abrogate_a of_o this_o law_n complain_v that_o he_o lose_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n yearly_a nicetas_n speak_v of_o this_o law_n call_v it_o a_o custom_n so_o barbarous_a as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v name_v what_o then_o be_v bodines_n meaning_n to_o defend_v this_o law_n he_o namely_o who_o reprehend_v papinian_n for_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o to_o act_v against_o his_o own_o conscience_n ii_o a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o that_o which_o he_o take_v from_o another_o and_o when_o propriety_n or_o dominion_n be_v introduce_v it_o follow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o thing_n be_v alienable_a two_o way_n first_o by_o commutation_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o make_n up_o of_o that_o right_n which_o i_o want_v whereby_o the_o balance_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v make_v even_o or_o second_o by_o succession_n now_o alienation_n by_o way_n of_o commutation_n or_o expletion_n be_v when_o for_o something_o that_o be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v i_o which_o i_o can_v receive_v in_o kind_n i_o take_v from_o he_o that_o detain_v it_o or_o somewhat_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o that_o be_v some_o other_o thing_n of_o equal_a value_n thus_o irenaeus_n excuse_v the_o hebrew_n for_o rob_v the_o egyptian_n of_o their_o good_n 6._o see_v book_n 3._o ch_n 7._o §._o 6._o which_o say_v he_o they_o may_v take_v and_o keep_v in_o compensation_n of_o their_o labour_n now_o that_o dominion_n may_v be_v thus_o transfer_v be_v easy_o prove_v from_o the_o end_n which_o in_o moral_a thing_n be_v the_o best_a proof_n for_o how_o otherwise_o can_v i_o be_v say_v to_o receive_v my_o full_a right_n unless_o i_o become_v the_o right_a owner_n of_o it_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o bare_a detention_n but_o the_o full_a power_n to_o use_v and_o dispose_v of_o it_o at_o my_o pleasure_n that_o make_v the_o scale_n of_o justice_n even_o a_o ancient_a example_n of_o this_o we_o have_v in_o diodorus_n where_o hesionaeus_n in_o lieu_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v promise_v to_o his_o daughter_n by_o ixion_n but_o not_o give_v take_v away_o his_o horse_n for_o expletive_a justice_n when_o it_o can_v recover_v what_o be_v the_o same_o endeavour_n to_o get_v the_o value_n of_o it_o which_o in_o a_o moral_a estimation_n be_v the_o same_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n no_o man_n we_o know_v can_v do_v himself_o right_o nay_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n take_v away_o from_o another_o though_o but_o what_o be_v his_o due_n it_o shall_v be_v impute_v unto_o he_o as_o rapine_n and_o in_o some_o country_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o debt_n and_o although_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o diect_o forbid_v this_o yet_o from_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o public_a tribunal_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v unlawful_a but_o where_o there_o be_v not_o public_a court_n to_o appeal_v unto_o as_o on_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o desert_n there_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n must_v be_v our_o guide_n so_o it_o shall_v sometime_o when_o the_o law_n cease_v but_o for_o the_o present_a that_o be_v if_o the_o debt_n can_v never_o be_v get_v otherwise_o as_o if_o the_o debtor_n be_v ready_a to_o fly_v the_o country_n before_o the_o court_n can_v be_v open_a in_o which_o case_n the_o creditor_n may_v lawful_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n must_v afterward_o be_v expect_v before_o the_o right_n of_o propriety_n can_v be_v assure_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o reprizal_n as_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o but_o yet_o if_o the_o right_n be_v certain_a and_o it_o be_v also_o moral_o as_o certain_a that_o a_o man_n can_v by_o a_o judge_n receive_v satisfaction_n for_o want_n of_o due_a proof_n the_o best_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o law_n concern_v judgement_n cease_v and_o that_o a_o man_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o nation_n iii_o the_o estate_n of_o
they_o be_v leave_v forlorn_a and_o yet_o may_v those_o also_o be_v adopt_v son_n if_o the_o law_n forbid_v not_o as_o it_o be_v ancient_o permit_v among_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o law_n of_o anastasius_n but_o afterward_o in_o favour_n to_o lawful_a marriage_n there_o be_v a_o more_o difficult_a way_n find_v to_o make_v bastard_n equal_a to_o such_o as_o be_v legitimate_a namely_o by_o the_o free_a offer_n of_o the_o court_n when_o they_o say_v cause_n or_o by_o the_o subsequent_a marriage_n of_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o child_n thus_o do_v old_a jacob_n adopt_v his_o natural_a son_n s_o make_v they_o equal_a to_o his_o legitimate_a and_o give_v they_o equal_a share_n in_o his_o inheritance_n but_o the_o contrary_n may_v sometime_o happen_v not_o only_o by_o the_o prohibition_n of_o the_o law_n but_o even_o by_o agreement_n when_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o by_o both_o party_n before_o that_o they_o that_o be_v to_o be_v bear_v by_o that_o wedlock_n shall_v receive_v only_a aliment_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n and_o such_o a_o marriage_n the_o hebrew_n call_v concubinary_a although_o make_v with_o a_o freewoman_n such_o be_v that_o of_o abraham_n with_o keturah_n call_v therefore_o his_o concubine_n gen._n 25.6_o who_o child_n together_o with_o ishmael_n the_o son_n of_o agar_n his_o bondmaid_n be_v say_v to_o have_v receive_v gift_n that_o be_v legacy_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n so_o it_o be_v ancient_o among_o the_o mexican_n who_o give_v all_o to_o the_o elder_a son_n but_o nothing_o to_o the_o rest_n but_o sustenance_n only_o and_o not_o much_o better_a be_v second_o marriage_n in_o brabant_n where_o the_o child_n by_o the_o second_o venture_n have_v no_o propriety_n in_o the_o estate_n which_o the_o father_n hold_v at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o former_a wife_n the_o like_a law_n we_o find_v among_o the_o ancient_a burgundian_n ix_o if_o a_o man_n die_v childless_a and_o intestate_a to_o who_o shall_v the_o estate_n descend_v tribe_n the_o father_n estate_n to_o his_o relation_n the_o mother_n to_o she_o the_o ancient_a estate_n to_o be_v continue_v in_o the_o same_o tribe_n if_o a_o man_n die_v childless_a and_o withal_o intestate_a on_o who_o the_o succession_n shall_v descend_v be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v determine_v there_o be_v no_o one_o thing_n wherein_o the_o law_n do_v more_o differ_v all_o which_o difference_n may_v notwithstanding_o be_v reduce_v under_o two_o head_n whereof_o the_o one_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n the_o other_o to_o the_o several_a spring-head_n from_o whence_o it_o descend_v that_o which_o come_v by_o the_o father_n to_o his_o relation_n and_o that_o which_o come_v by_o the_o mother_n to_o she_o but_o here_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n and_o that_o late_o purchase_v that_o of_o plato_n must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o former_a ego_fw-la legum_n conditor_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o be_v a_o law_n giver_n say_v he_o do_v ordain_v that_o neither_o your_o person_n nor_o patrimonial_a estate_n be_v in_o your_o own_o power_n full_o but_o your_o stock_n and_o lineage_n have_v a_o right_a thereunto_o as_o well_o they_o that_o now_o be_v as_o they_o that_o be_v to_o come_v whereby_o it_o seem_v that_o plato_n will_v have_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o ancient_a inheritance_n preserve_v entire_a for_o that_o tribe_n or_o kindred_n by_o which_o it_o come_v which_o i_o will_v not_o have_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o though_o it_o be_v not_o natural_o lawful_a to_o dispose_v of_o any_o good_n that_o descend_v unto_o we_o from_o either_o parent_n or_o ancestor_n otherwise_o for_o sometime_o to_o relieve_v the_o want_n of_o a_o friend_n who_o have_v well_o deserve_v of_o we_o be_v not_o only_o commendable_a but_o necessary_a but_o that_o in_o a_o case_n ambiguous_a it_o may_v appear_v what_o we_o ought_v to_o believe_v the_o will_n of_o the_o intestate_a be_v for_o we_o take_v it_o as_o grant_v that_o he_o that_o die_v have_v at_o his_o death_n a_o full_a right_o to_o dispose_v of_o his_o estate_n but_o since_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o retain_v this_o right_n be_v dead_a and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o he_o will_v not_o altogether_o lose_v that_o right_n whereby_o he_o may_v gratify_v his_o friend_n it_o concern_v we_o to_o inquire_v in_o what_o order_n this_o benefit_n shall_v natural_o descend_v wherein_o that_o of_o aristotle_n be_v most_o rational_a potius_fw-la est_fw-la gratiam_fw-la referri_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la benefecit_fw-la quam_fw-la amico_fw-la confer_v beneficium_fw-la that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o return_v thanks_o to_o our_o benefactor_n than_o to_o oblige_v new_a friend_n for_o as_o cicero_n say_v true_o there_o be_v no_o duty_n so_o necessary_a as_o that_o of_o gratitude_n oblige_v our_o benefactor_n be_v first_o to_o be_v gratify_v and_o then_o our_o friend_n oblige_v for_o since_o liberality_n have_v but_o two_o branch_n whereof_o one_o be_v to_o do_v good_a the_o other_o to_o repay_v good_a the_o former_a we_o may_v do_v if_o we_o will_v but_o the_o latter_a we_o must_v do_v if_o we_o will_v be_v honest_a and_o can_v do_v it_o without_o injure_v any_o so_o st._n ambrose_n it_o become_v every_o man_n to_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n unto_o he_o from_o who_o we_o have_v receive_v a_o courtesy_n than_o unto_o other_o and_o present_o after_o what_o can_v be_v more_o against_o our_o duty_n than_o not_o to_o return_v what_o we_o have_v receive_v now_o our_o gratitude_n be_v express_v either_o to_o the_o live_n or_o 〈◊〉_d the_o dead_a as_o lisias_n observe_v in_o his_o funeral_n oration_n it_o be_v show_v in_o do_v good_a to_o their_o child_n be_v natural_o the_o survive_a part_n of_o they_o and_o unto_o who_o their_o parent_n if_o live_v will_v have_v be_v most_o beneficent_a in_o i_o confere_n quicquid_fw-la in_o liberos_fw-la meos_fw-la contuleris_fw-la say_v the_o fisherman_n in_o procopius_n 1._o procop._n pers_n 1._o who_o be_v about_o to_o adventure_v his_o life_n against_o a_o dogfish_n to_o gain_v a_o very_a great_a pearl_n for_o the_o emperor_n cosroe_n that_o be_v the_o best_a gratitude_n that_o be_v show_v to_o the_o dead_a for_o what_o o_o emperor_n thou_o shall_v confer_v on_o my_o child_n if_o i_o perish_v thou_o bestow_v upon_o i_o and_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n do_v they_o walk_v who_o frame_v the_o justinian_n law_n in_o that_o question_n concern_v whole_a and_o half_a brother_n and_o in_o that_o concern_v cousin_n in_o blood_n and_o in_o some_o other_o brother_n say_v aristotle_n do_v love_n each_o other_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o same_o parent_n ortus_fw-la communis_fw-la ipsos_fw-la quasi_fw-la eosdem_fw-la facit_fw-la one_o common_a blood_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v make_v they_o almost_o one_o and_o the_o same_o whence_o frater_fw-la be_v quasi_fw-la fere_n alter_fw-la a_o brother_n be_v but_o almost_o another_o or_o as_o one_o cast_v in_o the_o same_o mould_n for_o as_o the_o high_a bond_n of_o love_n be_v deserve_o that_o which_o child_n owe_v their_o parent_n 5._o val._n max._n lib._n 5._o c._n 5._o from_o who_o they_o receive_v the_o most_o and_o the_o great_a benefit_n as_o their_o life_n and_o livelihood_n so_o the_o next_o be_v that_o of_o brethren_n to_o each_o other_o as_o have_v receive_v the_o same_o benefit_n together_o from_o the_o same_o parent_n and_o therefore_o for_o brethren_n die_v childless_a and_o intestate_a to_o succeed_v one_o another_o be_v according_a to_o justin_n the_o common_a right_n of_o nation_n but_o in_o case_n he_o from_o who_o the_o good_n last_v descend_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v nor_o any_o of_o his_o child_n it_o remain_v that_o the_o thanks_o be_v pay_v to_o they_o to_o who_o though_o not_o so_o much_o yet_o next_o after_o he_o they_o be_v notwithstanding_o due_a namely_o to_o the_o parent_n of_o the_o next_o degree_n above_o he_o and_o to_o his_o child_n especial_o see_v by_o this_o mean_v it_o may_v be_v continue_v between_o the_o kinsman_n both_o of_o he_o who_o inheritance_n it_o be_v and_o of_o he_o from_o who_o the_o say_v good_n first_o descend_v so_o the_o same_o aristotle_n cousin_n germane_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o kinsfolk_n be_v link_v together_o by_o their_o parent_n as_o be_v bear_v of_o one_o common_a stock_n yet_o so_o as_o some_o be_v more_o near_o ally_v than_o other_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a birth_n thus_o by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n the_o uncle_n succeed_v after_o the_o brother_n as_o be_v near_o unto_o the_o first_o owner_n than_o the_o brother_n child_n numb_a 27.10_o 11._o x._o a_o estate_n late_o gain_v to_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n but_o as_o to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n that_o be_v but_o late_o acquire_v because_o there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n of_o thankfulness_n
to_o our_o ancestor_n for_o they_o it_o remain_v that_o the_o succession_n shall_v pass_v to_o he_o that_o be_v dear_a to_o the_o person_n decease_v which_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v his_o near_a kinsman_n who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o own_o flesh_n prov._n 11.17_o or_o his_o brother_n deut._n 15.11_o for_o our_o love_n to_o our_o kindred_n shall_v be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o nearness_n they_o be_v unto_o we_o in_o blood_n so_o that_o after_o our_o parent_n they_o be_v best_a to_o be_v provide_v for_o who_o be_v by_o nature_n in_o the_o near_a relation_n unto_o they_o and_o therefore_o among_o the_o grecian_n as_o isaeus_n tell_v we_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a do_v always_o descend_v unto_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n whereunto_o he_o add_v what_o can_v be_v more_o just_a than_o that_o the_o estate_n that_o be_v a_o kinsman_n shall_v descend_v unto_o a_o kinsman_n how_o well_o will_v this_o conserve_v humane_a society_n say_v cicero_n and_o promote_v the_o honour_n of_o private_a family_n if_o the_o near_a any_o man_n be_v ally_v unto_o we_o so_o much_o the_o more_o benign_a and_o bountiful_a we_o will_v be_v unto_o he_o next_o unto_o our_o child_n the_o same_o cicero_n place_v our_o love_a kindred_n who_o as_o they_o be_v near_o so_o ought_v they_o to_o be_v dear_a unto_o we_o and_o to_o provide_v for_o these_o especial_o be_v a_o debt_n that_o we_o owe_v they_o not_o by_o commutative_a justice_n but_o by_o distributive_a as_o be_v most_o worthy_a for_o the_o honour_n that_o be_v due_a unto_o our_o own_o blood_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o cicero_n speak_v elsewhere_o of_o that_o natural_a affection_n which_o every_o man_n bear_v to_o his_o own_o relation_n tell_v we_o that_o from_o thence_o arise_v the_o testament_n and_o legacy_n of_o die_a man_n it_o be_v much_o more_o equitable_a to_o leave_v our_o estate_n to_o our_o own_o kindred_n than_o unto_o stranger_n this_o be_v the_o charity_n that_o be_v most_o acceptable_a to_o god_n 30._o esay_n 58.7_o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 1._o c._n 30._o as_o esay_n tell_v we_o to_o feed_v the_o hungry_a to_o clothe_v the_o naked_a and_o that_o we_o hide_v not_o ourselves_o from_o our_o own_o flesh_n and_o st._n ambrose_n high_o commend_v that_o liberality_n that_o be_v show_v to_o our_o brethren_n and_o kinsfolk_n as_o be_v next_o in_o blood_n to_o we_o now_o that_o succession_n that_o thus_o descend_v from_o a_o person_n die_v intestate_a be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o silent_a testament_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n make_v authentic_a by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a thus_o quintilian_n also_o next_o unto_o they_o who_o claim_v a_o right_n by_o the_o testator_n testament_n be_v his_o kindred_n in_o case_n he_o die_v intestate_a and_o childless_a not_o because_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v in_o justice_n due_a unto_o they_o but_o because_o be_v desert_v and_o as_o it_o be_v leave_v without_o any_o certain_a owner_n none_o can_v pretend_v so_o much_o right_n to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v the_o next_o of_o kin_n and_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o good_n new_o purchase_v by_o the_o person_n die_v intestate_a that_o they_o natural_o descend_v to_o his_o near_a relation_n may_v as_o true_o be_v say_v of_o such_o good_n as_o descend_v unto_o he_o from_o his_o father_n or_o grandfather_n in_o case_n neither_o they_o from_o who_o they_o descend_v nor_o any_o of_o their_o child_n do_v survive_v to_o who_o in_o point_n of_o gratitude_n they_o shall_v return_v xi_o diversity_n of_o law_n as_o touch_v succession_n now_o though_o what_o we_o have_v here_o say_v be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a conjecture_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n necessary_a wherefore_o from_o divers_a cause_n move_a man_n will_n succession_n do_v usual_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o agreement_n law_n or_o custom_n rational_o ground_v some_o whereof_z will_v admit_v of_o substitution_n in_o some_o degree_n other_o not_z the_o ancient_a german_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o that_o kind_n of_o succession_n which_o we_o call_v representative_a even_o among_o their_o child_n as_o that_o the_o elder_a brother_n son_n shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o his_o decease_a father_n which_o right_a first_o take_v place_n in_o france_n by_o a_o edict_n of_o childebert_n and_o be_v first_o introduce_v into_o those_o part_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n by_o otho_n so_o the_o ancient_a scottish_a right_o of_o succession_n go_v according_a to_o the_o sole_a proximity_n in_o blood_n danicor_n pontanus_n 7._o danicor_n and_o not_o by_o substitution_n it_o be_v so_o decree_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o be_v choose_v as_o arbiter_n to_o decide_v that_o difference_n in_o some_o place_n regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o first_o purchaser_n in_o other_o this_o be_v neglect_v there_o be_v some_o country_n where_o the_o first-born_a carry_v away_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o estate_n as_o among_o the_o hebrew_n but_o in_o some_o other_o all_o the_o child_n share_v alike_o in_o some_o the_o kindred_n by_o the_o father_n side_n only_o succeed_v in_o other_o those_o by_o the_o mother_n have_v a_o equal_a portion_n in_o some_o regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o sex_n in_o other_o none_o at_o all_o in_o some_o the_o kinsfolk_n in_o the_o next_o degree_n only_o be_v admit_v in_o other_o they_o admit_v those_o in_o degree_n more_o remote_a to_o trace_v all_o will_v be_v tedious_a neither_o be_v it_o my_o purpose_n so_o to_o do_v but_o this_o we_o must_v grant_v that_o where_o the_o decease_a have_v declare_v nothing_o of_o his_o will_n it_o must_v be_v presume_v that_o the_o estate_n shall_v pass_v as_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n do_v order_v it_o but_o not_o so_o much_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o by_o the_o force_n of_o this_o conjecture_n which_o also_o take_v place_n against_o those_o in_o who_o the_o supreme_a power_n reside_v for_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o what_o they_o by_o their_o law_n command_v or_o by_o their_o custom_n approve_v of_o in_o their_o subject_n the_o same_o in_o their_o own_o affair_n they_o hold_v to_o be_v most_o equitable_a so_o as_o no_o great_a damage_n arise_v to_o they_o by_o it_o xii_o how_o succession_n to_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a ought_v to_o be_v guide_v daughter_n capable_a to_o succeed_v in_o egypt_n and_o britain_n as_o concern_v the_o succession_n to_o kingdom_n we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o those_o that_o be_v patrimonial_a and_o in_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a manner_n possess_v and_o those_o that_o be_v hold_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o please_v the_o people_n the_o former_a sort_n may_v be_v divide_v even_o between_o the_o son_n and_o daughter_n as_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o egypt_n as_o lucan_n testify_v nullo_n discrimine_fw-la sexus_fw-la reginam_fw-la scit_fw-la far_o pharos_n in_o egypt_n throne_n difference_n of_o sex_n there_o be_v none_o the_o like_a do_v tacitus_n record_v of_o the_o british_a empire_n in_o asia_n after_o semiramis_n tac._n neque_fw-la enim_fw-la sexum_n in_fw-la imperiis_fw-la discernunt_fw-la tac._n many_o woman_n be_v permit_v to_o reign_v say_v arrianus_n as_o nitocris_n in_o babylon_n artimissa_n in_o halicarnassus_n and_o tomyris_n among_o the_o scythian_n yea_o and_o such_o kingdom_n may_v be_v divide_v as_o in_o asia_n all_o the_o brother_n reign_n together_o though_o one_o only_o have_v a_o principal_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o custom_n the_o empress_n irene_n will_v without_o any_o precedent_n have_v introduce_v into_o the_o constantinopolitan_a empire_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o andronicus_n palaeologus_n as_o gregoras_n note_n that_o say_v he_o which_o be_v most_o strange_a and_o to_o be_v admire_v be_v that_o she_o be_v not_o willing_a 7._o lib._n 7._o that_o any_o one_o shall_v obtain_v the_o whole_a according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o that_o empire_n but_o according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o the_o western_a prince_n the_o city_n and_o region_n shall_v be_v divide_v among_o her_o son_n that_o so_o each_o of_o they_o may_v hold_v his_o kingdom_n as_o his_o patrimony_n just_a as_o the_o estate_n of_o private_a man_n be_v divide_v among_o their_o child_n so_o that_o each_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n shall_v descend_v perpetual_o to_o each_o of_o her_o son_n and_o to_o their_o heir_n after_o they_o for_o be_v herself_o of_o a_o western_a extraction_n she_o endeavour_v to_o introduce_v their_o custom_n without_o example_n neither_o be_v adopt_v son_n less_o capable_a of_o succession_n by_o guess_v as_o the_o will_n of_o the_o intestate_a than_o true_a son_n thus_o do_v hyllus_n the_o son_n of_o hercules_n succeed_v to_o aepalius_fw-la king_n of_o the_o locrian_n by_o adoption_n 9_o strab._n l._n 9_o as_o also_o do_v molossus_n the_o bastard_n in_o the_o
form_n figure_n plut._n plut._n and_o spirit_n as_o they_o call_v it_o as_o former_o it_o have_v so_o be_v it_o in_o city_n though_o the_o citizen_n be_v not_o the_o same_o that_o they_o be_v a_o hundred_o year_n since_o yet_o whilst_o there_o remain_v the_o same_o consociation_n and_o communion_n which_o both_o constitute_v a_o people_n and_o continue_v they_o in_o the_o same_o mould_n form_n and_o figure_n as_o they_o be_v so_o many_o year_n or_o age_n since_o it_o may_v just_o be_v call_v the_o same_o city_n though_o not_o one_o of_o the_o citizen_n thereof_o may_v be_v now_o live_v as_o the_o ship_n wherein_o theseus_n sail_v with_o the_o principal_a young_a man_n of_o athens_n and_o safe_o return_v thâ—seus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o thâ—seus_n be_v by_o the_o athenian_n by_o repair_v whatsoever_o be_v decay_v in_o she_o preserve_v till_o the_o time_n of_o demetrius_n phalerensis_n give_v occasion_n to_o philosopher_n to_o dispute_v wbether_o she_o be_v the_o same_o or_o another_o which_o though_o much_o controvert_v by_o they_o yet_o be_v by_o lawyer_n prudent_o adjudge_v to_o be_v the_o same_o for_o as_o philo_n philo._n philo._n observe_v of_o the_o world_n not_o every_o thing_n who_o part_n do_v successive_o perish_v must_v certain_o be_v dissolve_v but_o that_o only_a all_o who_o part_n do_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n perish_v together_o hence_o arise_v that_o custom_n use_v in_o history_n as_o well_o sacred_a as_o profane_v of_o attribute_v unto_o the_o people_n which_o now_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o people_n of_o the_o same_o city_n many_o age_n past_a as_o may_v be_v see_v mat._n 23.35_o act_n 3.22_o mark_v 10.3_o jo._n 6.32_o and_o 7.19_o so_o in_o tacitus_n we_o read_v tacitus_n tacitus_n that_o antonius_n primus_fw-la serve_v under_o vespasian_n put_v the_o soldier_n of_o the_o tertian_n legion_n in_o mind_n that_o it_o be_v their_o valour_n that_o rout_v the_o parthian_a army_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o m._n anthony_n and_o that_o it_o be_v their_o valour_n that_o under_o corbuto_n have_v put_v to_o slight_v the_o armenian_n whereas_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o that_o tertian_n legion_n that_o seek_v under_o m._n anthony_n then_o live_v when_o he_o say_v it_o it_o be_v do_v a_o hundred_o year_n before_o 2._o aâ—heâ—ic_fw-la gent._n lib._n 1._o c._n 23._o i._o 2._o it_o be_v therefore_o more_o out_o of_o hatred_n than_o truth_n that_o piso_n in_o the_o same_o author_n deny_v the_o athenian_n of_o his_o time_n to_o be_v natural_a athenian_n who_o the_o war_n as_o he_o pretend_v have_v total_o destroy_v but_o the_o very_a scum_n and_o outcast_n of_o other_o nation_n whereas_o in_o truth_n these_o mix_n with_o the_o athenian_n may_v haply_o detract_v somewhat_o from_o their_o ancient_a honour_n and_o repute_n but_o not_o make_v they_o another_o people_n neither_o be_v piso_n ignorant_a of_o this_o for_o in_o the_o same_o place_n he_o object_n against_o the_o same_o athenian_n those_o injury_n which_o have_v be_v do_v many_o age_n before_o namely_o how_o they_o have_v assist_v mithridates_n against_o scylla_n and_o m._n anthony_n against_o augustus_n and_o how_o unsuccessful_o they_o have_v make_v war_n against_o the_o macedonian_n and_o what_o cruelty_n they_o have_v exercise_v over_o their_o own_o subject_n now_o as_o there_o may_v be_v many_o particular_a change_n in_o a_o nation_n and_o yet_o the_o people_n continue_v the_o same_o they_o be_v a_o thousand_o year_n since_o and_o more_o so_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o there_o may_v happen_v so_o universal_a a_o change_n as_o that_o they_o may_v utter_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o people_n which_o may_v be_v do_v two_o way_n either_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n be_v destroy_v or_o when_o that_o order_n form_n or_o spirit_n that_o unite_v they_o together_o be_v total_o abolish_v iv_o as_o when_o their_o necessary_a part_n be_v take_v away_o the_o body_n perish_v either_o when_o all_o its_o member_n be_v at_o once_o destroy_v without_o which_o it_o can_v subsist_v or_o when_o though_o the_o part_n be_v entire_a yet_o the_o frame_n be_v disjoint_v and_o its_o part_n dissipate_v by_o these_o two_o way_n be_v a_o army_n destroy_v either_o by_o a_o universal_a slaughter_n or_o by_o a_o total_a dispersion_n among_o such_o as_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o people_n the_o former_a way_n be_v those_o that_o perish_v universal_o by_o some_o deluge_n state_n see_v sen._n nat._n quest_n lib._n 5._o c._n 23._o 32._o epist_n 92._o lib._n 17._o rerum_fw-la gest_n the_o few_o remain_v may_v retain_v their_o propriety_n as_o a_o private_a person_n but_o not_o as_o a_o state_n as_o do_v the_o people_n of_o the_o atlantic_a island_n whereof_o plato_n make_v mention_n in_o his_o timaeo_n and_o such_o as_o be_v swallow_v up_o by_o some_o great_a casme_n occasion_v by_o earthquake_n example_n we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o seneca_n in_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n and_o elsewhere_o and_o such_o as_o have_v voluntary_o destroy_v themselves_o as_o the_o sydonian_o and_o saguntines_n but_o what_o if_o of_o such_o a_o people_n so_o few_o remain_v alive_a as_o that_o they_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o people_n yet_o may_v they_o retain_v that_o propriety_n which_o that_o people_n have_v as_o private_a person_n though_o what_o they_o have_v as_o be_v a_o people_n they_o can_v the_o same_o be_v also_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o corporation_n and_o college_n v._o when_o the_o whole_a people_n be_v sweep_v away_o the_o frame_n or_o manner_n of_o be_v a_o body_n be_v take_v away_o when_o the_o citizen_n do_v either_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n dissipate_v themselves_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o general_a contagion_n or_o sedition_n or_o when_o they_o be_v by_o force_n so_o scatter_v and_o disperse_v as_o that_o they_o can_v unite_v again_o as_o it_o often_o happen_v in_o time_n of_o war_n all_o body_n consist_v of_o remote_a part_n as_o flock_n herd_n army_n be_v knit_v together_o no_o less_o than_o member_n of_o the_o same_o body_n if_o they_o be_v force_v asunder_o vanish_v and_o be_v dissolve_v as_o a_o ship_n that_o be_v tear_v in_o piece_n vi_o or_o when_o the_o form_n or_o spirit_n be_v lose_v the_o form_n and_o spirit_n of_o a_o people_n perish_v either_o when_o all_o or_o a_o perfect_a community_n of_o right_n be_v take_v away_o mundo_fw-la arist_n pol._n l._n 3._o c._n 2._o philo_z de_fw-fr mundo_fw-la which_o be_v do_v either_o when_o every_o person_n be_v bring_v into_o captivity_n as_o when_o the_o mycenaeans_n be_v by_o the_o argive_n the_o olynthian_o by_o king_n philip_n the_o theban_n sell_v by_o alexander_n and_o the_o brutii_n condemn_v by_o the_o roman_n to_o their_o public_a work_n or_o when_o enjoy_v community_n of_o right_n yet_o they_o be_v utter_o deprive_v of_o all_o government_n so_o livy_n of_o capua_n it_o please_v the_o roman_n that_o their_o town_n shall_v be_v inhabit_v but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o corporation_n of_o citizen_n no_o senate_n no_o common_a council_n no_o magistrate_n but_o a_o multitude_n of_o folk_n without_o any_o public_a assembly_n and_o without_o any_o jurisdiction_n civil_a or_o military_a all_o cause_n among_o they_o be_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o a_o governor_n send_v from_o rome_n 26._o lib._n 26._o so_o that_o as_o cicero_n observe_v in_o his_o oration_n against_o rullus_n there_o be_v not_o leave_v in_o capua_n so_o much_o as_o the_o face_n or_o shadow_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o very_a same_o condition_n be_v those_o people_n who_o be_v once_o a_o free_a nation_n be_v reduce_v by_o force_n into_o a_o province_n and_o those_o also_o who_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o people_n as_o byzantium_n be_v by_o the_o emperor_n severus_n to_o perinthus_n and_o antioch_n by_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n to_o laodicea_n vii_o but_o not_o by_o the_o change_n of_o their_o seat_n but_o if_o the_o people_n shall_v change_v their_o habitation_n either_o voluntary_o through_o scarcity_n of_o thing_n necessary_a or_o any_o such_o inconvenience_n or_o be_v thereunto_o compel_v as_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v by_o the_o three_o punic_a war_n if_o the_o form_n or_o spirit_n of_o polity_n do_v yet_o remain_v they_o do_v not_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o people_n agesilao_n plut._n agesilao_n much_o less_o if_o their_o city_n wall_n only_o be_v cast_v down_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o lacedaemonian_n refuse_v to_o admit_v of_o the_o messenian_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o grecian_a city_n to_o swear_v the_o conservation_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o greece_n because_o their_o wall_n be_v destroy_v it_o be_v carry_v against_o they_o by_o the_o common_a suffrage_n viii_o nor_o by_o their_o change_n of_o government_n neither_o do_v it_o much_o alter_v the_o case_n under_o what_o form_n of_o government_n the_o people_n be_v monarchical_a
suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la ita_fw-la tribuit_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la distrahatur_fw-la ab_fw-la ullius_fw-la personae_fw-la justiore_fw-la repetitione_n and_o this_o i_o approve_v of_o to_o be_v justice_n which_o so_o give_v to_o every_o man_n his_o own_o that_o it_o be_v not_o withhold_v from_o the_o just_a claim_n of_o any_o other_o person_n that_o have_v a_o right_a unto_o it_o now_o his_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o just_a title_n that_o claim_v by_o a_o right_a as_o ancient_a as_o propriety_n itself_o whence_o it_o likewise_o follow_v that_o he_o that_o ignorant_o accept_v of_o that_o from_o another_o in_o trust_n which_o afterward_o he_o know_v to_o be_v his_o own_o can_v be_v bind_v to_o restore_v it_o and_o the_o case_n which_o the_o same_o tryphoninus_n put_v concern_v good_n deposit_v by_o he_o who_o whole_a estate_n be_v before_o confiscate_v be_v better_a determine_v by_o this_o rule_n than_o by_o that_o which_o he_o there_o produce_v concern_v the_o profit_n gain_v by_o punishment_n for_o if_o we_o look_v strict_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o propriety_n it_o matter_n not_o whether_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o either_o way_n it_o carry_v with_o it_o all_o thing_n natural_a unto_o itself_o whereof_o this_o be_v one_o that_o every_o person_n be_v possess_v of_o another_o man_n good_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v restitution_n thereof_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n and_o this_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o martianus_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o possident_fw-la res_fw-la condici_fw-la possunt_fw-la ab_fw-la iis_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la justa_fw-la causa_fw-la possident_fw-la that_o good_n may_v by_o personal_a action_n at_o law_n be_v require_v from_o those_o who_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n be_v possess_v of_o they_o and_o from_o hence_o also_o spring_v that_o in_o ulpian_n he_o that_o find_v what_o be_v another_o be_v so_o strict_o bind_v to_o restore_v it_o that_o he_o can_v so_o much_o as_o require_v a_o reward_n for_o the_o find_n of_o it_o but_o he_o be_v to_o restore_v it_o with_o its_o fruit_n if_o any_o be_v save_v only_o to_o himself_o his_o reasonable_a charge_n ii_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o what_o belong_v to_o another_o of_o thing_n not_o extant_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n run_v thus_o that_o if_o another_o be_v enrich_v by_o what_o be_v i_o i_o not_o enjoy_v my_o own_o he_o stand_v oblige_v to_o restore_v to_o i_o so_o much_o as_o he_o be_v make_v the_o rich_a by_o what_o be_v i_o because_o as_o to_o that_o which_o he_o have_v gain_v by_o what_o be_v i_o he_o have_v the_o more_o and_o i_o for_o want_v of_o what_o be_v my_o own_o have_v the_o less_o by_o so_o much_o as_o he_o have_v gain_v for_o dominion_n be_v therefore_o general_o agree_v on_o that_o every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o proportion_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o own_o contra_fw-la naturam_fw-la est_fw-la 3._o cicero_n off._n 3._o ex_fw-la hominis_fw-la incommodo_fw-la suum_fw-la augere_fw-la commodum_fw-la for_o one_o man_n to_o enrich_v himself_o by_o that_o which_o be_v another_o man_n loss_n be_v unnatural_a say_v cicero_n and_o in_o another_o place_n that_o we_o shall_v build_v up_o our_o own_o power_n fortune_n or_o wealth_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o other_o man_n nature_n itself_o will_v not_o permit_v there_o be_v so_o much_o of_o natural_a reason_n in_o this_o say_n that_o the_o lawyer_n be_v enforce_v to_o decline_v the_o prescript_n rule_v of_o their_o law_n and_o to_o determine_v many_o case_n by_o this_o of_o equity_n as_o be_v the_o most_o convince_a a_o contract_n make_v by_o a_o servant_n be_v a_o factor_n shall_v bind_v his_o master_n unless_o proclamation_n be_v first_o make_v that_o no_o credit_n shall_v be_v give_v unto_o he_o but_o yet_o although_o such_o proclamation_n be_v make_v if_o that_o servant_n make_v any_o profit_n thereby_o either_o to_o himself_o or_o put_v it_o to_o his_o master_n account_n it_o shall_v be_v judge_v a_o fraud_n videtur_fw-la enim_fw-la dolum_fw-la malum_fw-la facere_fw-la qui_fw-la ex_fw-la aliena_fw-la jactura_fw-la lucrum_fw-la quaerat_fw-la for_o he_o seem_v to_o deal_v deceitful_o that_o make_v himself_o rich_a by_o another_o man_n loss_n where_o the_o word_n dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la signify_v whatsoever_o be_v repugnant_a to_o natural_a right_n and_o equity_n if_o a_o wife_n shall_v give_v unto_o her_o husband_n money_n which_o by_o the_o law_n she_o may_v require_v of_o he_o again_o the_o wife_n shall_v have_v either_o a_o personal_a action_n against_o her_o husband_n or_o shall_v relieve_v herself_o by_o that_o which_o be_v buy_v with_o her_o money_n because_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o husband_n be_v make_v the_o rich_a by_o it_o and_o therefore_o enquiry_n shall_v be_v make_v what_o he_o possess_v that_o be_v buy_v with_o her_o money_n so_o again_o if_o thou_o have_v spend_v or_o otherwise_o dispose_v of_o money_n which_o my_o servant_n have_v steal_v from_o i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v his_o i_o have_v a_o good_a action_n against_o thou_o for_o this_o reason_n because_o my_o good_n come_v into_o thy_o possession_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n pupil_n according_a to_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o pay_v what_o they_o borrow_v yet_o if_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v the_o rich_a by_o what_o they_o borrow_v a_o action_n shall_v lie_v against_o they_o so_o likewise_o if_o thou_o contract_a with_o my_o debtor_n not_o as_o i_o but_o suppose_v he_o to_o be_v another_o man_n and_o borrow_v my_o money_n of_o he_o thou_o stand_v bind_v to_o pay_v i_o not_o because_o i_o trust_v thou_o with_o my_o money_n which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o mutual_a consent_n but_o because_o my_o money_n come_v into_o thy_o possession_n it_o be_v both_o just_a and_o righteous_a that_o thou_o shall_v restore_v it_o to_o i_o as_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n our_o modern_a lawyer_n do_v prudent_o judge_v of_o other_o the_o like_a case_n by_o these_o as_o namely_o that_o he_o who_o good_n whilst_o he_o lay_v conceal_v have_v be_v sell_v when_o he_o may_v have_v have_v a_o exception_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o receive_v the_o money_n that_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o sale_n of_o they_o and_o that_o he_o that_o accommodate_v the_o father_n with_o money_n for_o his_o son_n maintenance_n if_o the_o father_n be_v not_o able_a to_o discharge_v the_o debt_n shall_v have_v his_o action_n against_o the_o son_n if_o he_o enjoy_v any_o good_n that_o be_v his_o mother_n these_o two_o rule_n be_v thorough_o understand_v may_v guide_v we_o to_o give_v satisfaction_n in_o such_o case_n of_o conscience_n as_o be_v usual_o by_o as_o well_o lawyer_n as_o divine_n propose_v iii_o he_o that_o use_v another_o think_v it_o his_o own_o not_o bind_v to_o restore_v if_o the_o thing_n perish_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o hence_o appear_v that_o he_o that_o be_v possess_v of_o what_o be_v another_o yet_o think_v it_o to_o be_v his_o own_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o make_v any_o restitution_n if_o the_o thing_n itself_o so_o possess_v do_v perish_v because_o he_o have_v neither_o the_o thing_n itself_o nor_o any_o gain_n by_o it_o but_o he_o that_o know_o possess_v what_o be_v another_o be_v bind_v not_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o for_o his_o fact_n in_o detain_v it_o iv_o yet_o be_v he_o bind_v to_o restore_v the_o fruit_n in_o be_v if_o any_o be_v second_o he_o that_o through_o ignorance_n possess_v another_o right_n be_v bind_v to_o restore_v not_o only_o the_o thing_n but_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v extant_a the_o fruit_n i_o say_v of_o the_o thing_n but_o not_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o own_o labour_n for_o though_o without_o the_o thing_n those_o fruit_n can_v not_o be_v perceive_v yet_o be_v they_o not_o due_a to_o the_o thing_n itself_o which_o without_o his_o labour_n can_v not_o have_v produce_v they_o now_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o obligation_n arise_v from_o propriety_n for_o he_o that_o be_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v natural_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o fruit_n arise_v from_o the_o thing_n v._o yea_o and_o those_o that_o be_v consume_v unless_o otherwise_o he_o have_v not_o spend_v they_o three_o he_o that_o unknowing_o possess_v another_o man_n good_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v restitution_n both_o of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o the_o fruit_n that_o be_v spend_v if_o it_o appear_v that_o he_o must_v otherwise_o have_v spend_v as_o much_o of_o what_o be_v his_o own_o because_o he_o be_v by_o that_o so_o much_o the_o rich_a this_o suetonius_n high_o commend_v in_o caligula_n that_o those_o who_o he_o restore_v to_o their_o kingdom_n he_o likewise_o restore_v to_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o they_o for_o half_a the_o time_n they_o stand_v exile_v vi_o but_o not_o for_o those_o which_o he_o
neglect_v to_o perceive_v four_o that_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o make_v good_a that_o which_o he_o neglect_v to_o perceive_v because_o he_o neither_o have_v the_o thing_n itself_o nor_o any_o thing_n that_o succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o it_o vii_o nor_o those_o that_o he_o have_v give_v away_o this_o explain_v five_o if_o such_o a_o possessor_n shall_v give_v to_o another_o that_o which_o be_v give_v to_o he_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o restore_v it_o unless_o in_o case_n he_o have_v not_o give_v that_o he_o must_v have_v give_v as_o much_o other_o way_n by_o spare_v which_o he_o be_v so_o much_o the_o rich_a six_o if_o he_o sell_v the_o thing_n he_o buy_v he_o be_v not_o oblige_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o the_o overplus_n of_o the_o price_n it_o be_v buy_v for_o but_o if_o he_o sell_v the_o thing_n that_o be_v give_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o restore_v the_o price_n unless_o he_o have_v prodigal_o spend_v it_o which_o have_v it_o not_o be_v so_o give_v he_o have_v not_o so_o spend_v viii_o nor_o if_o he_o sell_v what_o he_o buy_v ix_o when_o he_o that_o sell_v what_o be_v another_o may_v reserve_v the_o price_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o seven_o that_o another_o man_n good_n though_o bona_fw-la fide_fw-la buy_v must_v be_v restore_v neither_o may_v the_o price_n give_v for_o they_o be_v require_v from_o the_o owner_n unto_o which_o rule_n we_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o add_v this_o exception_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o proprietor_n can_v not_o probable_o recover_v the_o possession_n of_o what_o be_v he_o without_o some_o charge_n as_o when_o thing_n be_v possess_v by_o pirate_n 5._o pirate_n ter._n heaut_n act._n 4._o scen._n 4_o 5._o for_o in_o this_o case_n what_o the_o owner_n will_v willing_o have_v spend_v to_o have_v recover_v his_o good_n may_v be_v deduct_v by_o he_o that_o deliver_v they_o for_o the_o very_a regain_n of_o the_o possession_n be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v without_o charge_n and_o difficulty_n be_v according_o to_o be_v value_v which_o charge_n and_o trouble_v be_v save_v the_o right_a owner_n have_v thus_o lose_v his_o thing_n be_v repute_v by_o so_o much_o the_o rich_a and_o therefore_o since_o the_o buy_v this_o thing_n in_o the_o ordinary_a judgement_n of_o the_o law_n be_v of_o no_o value_n yet_o as_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n say_v it_o be_v valuable_a if_o from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o what_o be_v we_o be_v at_o present_a in_o another_o man_n power_n may_v be_v buy_v and_o where_o thing_n so_o buy_v be_v strict_o require_v by_o the_o owner_n without_o any_o moderate_a allowance_n supradicto_fw-la summam_fw-la jus_fw-la summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la ter._n loc_fw-la supradicto_fw-la though_o it_o may_v stand_v with_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o have_v this_o rigour_n so_o much_o of_o injustice_n in_o it_o as_o the_o one_o be_v a_o gainer_n by_o the_o other_o loss_n nor_o do_v i_o here_o require_v that_o the_o thing_n shall_v be_v buy_v with_o a_o intent_n to_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o owner_n in_o which_o case_n actionem_fw-la negotiorum_fw-la actionem_fw-la that_o a_o action_n of_o negotiation_n may_v arise_v as_o there_o be_v some_o that_o affirm_v so_o there_o be_v other_o that_o deny_v for_o such_o a_o action_n arise_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n neither_o have_v it_o any_o of_o those_o ground_n or_o principle_n whereupon_o nature_n introduce_v this_o obligation_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o which_o ulpian_n relate_v of_o funeral_n charge_n wherein_o a_o prudent_a judge_n do_v not_o always_o walk_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n as_o in_o mere_a action_n of_o negotiation_n but_o give_v himself_o a_o loose_a rein_v which_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o a_o action_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v and_o that_o which_o the_o same_o ulpian_n in_o another_o place_n say_v if_o any_o man_n mis-wage_a my_o affair_n not_o so_o much_o regard_v i_o as_o his_o own_o profit_n and_o shall_v disburse_v money_n in_o so_o do_v he_o shall_v recover_v by_o his_o action_n not_o according_a to_o what_o he_o lay_v out_o but_o according_a to_o the_o benefit_n that_o i_o receive_v by_o it_o so_o the_o owner_n of_o such_o good_n as_o in_o a_o tempest_n to_o secure_v the_o rest_n be_v cast_v overboard_o shall_v recover_v a_o part_n of_o their_o loss_n from_o those_o who_o good_n remain_v entire_a because_o he_o who_o good_n be_v so_o preserve_v by_o the_o loss_n of_o i_o be_v by_o my_o damage_n make_v the_o rich_a x._o another_o man_n good_n be_v sell_v can_v be_v restore_v but_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n eight_o he_o that_o buy_v another_o man_n good_n can_v restore_v they_o back_o to_o he_o that_o sell_v they_o to_o recover_v the_o price_n he_o pay_v for_o they_o because_o as_o soon_o as_o those_o good_n do_v come_v under_o his_o power_n as_o we_o say_v already_o the_o obligation_n begin_v to_o restore_v they_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n xi_o where_o the_o right_a owner_n be_v not_o know_v we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o restitution_n nine_o he_o that_o be_v possess_v of_o a_o thing_n and_o be_v ignorant_a who_o it_o be_v be_v not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n bind_v to_o give_v it_o to_o the_o poor_a though_o it_o be_v very_o pious_a so_o to_o do_v and_o in_o many_o place_n be_v well_o order_v to_o be_v so_o dispose_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o by_o the_o right_n of_o propriety_n no_o man_n can_v claim_v a_o interest_n in_o it_o but_o the_o proprietor_n but_o to_o he_o that_o be_v ignorant_a who_o that_o be_v it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o it_o have_v none_o for_o de_fw-fr non_fw-la entibus_fw-la &_o non_fw-la apparentibus_fw-la eadem_fw-la est_fw-la ratio_fw-la of_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o and_o of_o thing_n that_o appear_v not_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n as_o to_o he_o to_o who_o they_o appear_v not_o xii_o what_o be_v receive_v if_o due_a whether_o the_o cause_n be_v honest_a or_o dishonest_a be_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v natural_o ten_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n whatsoever_o be_v receive_v which_o another_o be_v bind_v to_o pay_v be_v the_o ground_n of_o that_o obligation_n honest_a or_o dishonest_a be_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v although_o even_o this_o also_o be_v introduce_v by_o some_o law_n and_o that_o not_o without_o cause_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o no_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o restitution_n unless_o that_o thing_n belong_v to_o another_o man_n but_o in_o this_o case_n he_o that_o be_v the_o right_a owner_n before_o have_v willing_o transfer_v his_o right_n to_o another_o but_o it_o will_v be_v another_o thing_n where_o the_o manner_n of_o receive_v it_o be_v vicious_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o extortion_n for_o this_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o obligation_n whereof_o we_o discourse_v not_o at_o present_a 54._o present_a vid._n st._n aug._n ep._n 54._o xiii_o the_o opinion_n confute_v that_o hold_v that_o thing_n consist_v in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n may_v be_v transfer_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n neither_o be_v that_o true_a which_o be_v deliver_v by_o medina_n namely_o that_o the_o property_n of_o other_o man_n good_n may_v come_v unto_o we_o without_o the_o owner_n consent_n in_o case_n they_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v usual_o value_v by_o weight_n number_n or_o measure_n for_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n may_v be_v restore_v in_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n which_o be_v true_a if_o it_o be_v do_v with_o consent_n or_o if_o either_o by_o law_n or_o custom_n such_o a_o consent_n may_v be_v reasonable_o presume_v as_o when_o we_o restore_v what_o we_o borrow_v or_o when_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v spend_v or_o consume_v we_o restore_v the_o like_a in_o quantity_n and_o quality_n but_o without_o such_o a_o consent_n either_o express_v or_o presume_v and_o set_v aside_o case_n of_o necessity_n this_o give_v of_o one_o thing_n for_o another_o be_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v of_o chap._n xi_o of_o promise_n i._o that_o natural_o a_o right_o may_v arise_v from_o promise_n the_o contrary_a opinion_n refute_v ii_o a_o bare_a assertion_n oblige_v not_o iii_o that_o natural_o a_o single_a promise_n oblige_v but_o from_o thence_o no_o right_n accrue_v to_o another_o iu._n what_o that_o promise_n be_v from_o whence_o a_o right_a arise_v to_o another_o v._o first_n it_o be_v require_v that_o the_o promiser_n have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n distinguish_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n about_o minor_n vi_o a_o promise_v make_v through_o error_n whether_o it_o oblige_v natural_o and_o how_o far_o vii_o a_o promise_v make_v out_o of_o fear_n bind_v yet_o be_v he_o that_o cause_v that_o fear_v bind_v to_o remit_v the_o promiser_n viii_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v
the_o ship_n and_o the_o good_n that_o be_v therein_o transport_v fourteen_o to_o a_o good_a promise_n acceptation_n be_v requisite_a a_o pretend_v demand_n argue_v a_o acceptance_n if_o no_o alteration_n appear_v but_o that_o a_o promise_n shall_v transfer_v a_o right_n in_o the_o thing_n promise_v the_o acceptance_n of_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v promise_v be_v no_o less_o requisite_a than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a of_o alienation_n and_o herein_o tertullian_n in_o his_o book_n of_o fast_n speak_v like_o a_o civilian_n votum_fw-la cum_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la acceptatum_fw-la est_fw-la legem_fw-la in_o posterum_fw-la facit_fw-la a_o vow_n though_o free_o make_v yet_o when_o it_o be_v by_o god_n accept_v be_v as_o bind_v as_o a_o law_n and_o here_o also_o a_o precede_a demand_n of_o a_o thing_n promise_v if_o no_o alteration_n appear_v shall_v be_v judge_v a_o acceptance_n neither_o do_v that_o which_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v introduce_v concern_v such_o promise_n as_o be_v make_v to_o city_n hinder_v this_o which_o notwithstanding_o have_v so_o far_o prevail_v with_o some_o that_o they_o hold_v that_o the_o sole_a act_n of_o the_o promiser_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n sufficient_a to_o transfer_v a_o right_n for_o the_o roman_a law_n say_v not_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v full_o complete_a and_o of_o force_n before_o it_o be_v accept_v but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o revoke_v such_o a_o promise_n but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v always_o accept_v which_o effect_n be_v not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o mere_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n not_o much_o unlike_a unto_o that_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v introduce_v in_o favour_n to_o infant_n idiot_n and_o madman_n for_o for_o these_o as_o the_o will_n and_o purpose_n of_o possess_v thing_n that_o be_v gain_v by_o occupancy_n so_o the_o will_n and_o purpose_n to_o accept_v of_o thing_n promise_v create_v a_o right_a xv._o whether_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o acceptation_n shall_v be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n it_o be_v also_o sometime_o controvert_v whether_o to_o make_v a_o promise_n full_o effective_a it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o thing_n promise_v be_v not_o only_o accept_v but_o that_o the_o acceptance_n be_v also_o make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n before_o it_o can_v obtain_v its_o full_a effect_n and_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o either_o way_n the_o promise_v make_v may_v be_v bind_v as_o for_o example_n either_o thus_o this_o will_v i_o do_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v accept_v or_o thus_o this_o i_o will_v do_v if_o i_o shall_v understand_v that_o it_o will_v be_v accept_v and_o if_o the_o promise_n do_v imply_v a_o mutual_a obligation_n on_o both_o side_n than_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o latter_a sense_n but_o if_o the_o promise_v be_v free_a and_o spontaneous_a than_o it_o be_v best_o to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v mean_v in_o the_o former_a sense_n unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v otherwise_o xvi_o whether_o a_o promise_v make_v may_v be_v revoke_v before_o it_o be_v accept_v again_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o such_o a_o promise_v make_v before_o acceptance_n for_o till_o than_o no_o right_n pass_v may_v be_v revoke_v without_o the_o imputation_n of_o either_o injustice_n yea_o or_o levity_n if_o it_o be_v real_o so_o intend_v when_o make_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v of_o force_n till_o it_o be_v accept_v so_o till_o then_o it_o can_v transfer_v no_o right_n it_o may_v also_o be_v revoke_v in_o case_n the_o person_n shall_v die_v to_o who_o such_o a_o promise_n be_v make_v before_o he_o have_v accept_v of_o it_o because_o the_o acceptance_n be_v refer_v to_o his_o own_o choice_n and_o not_o to_o his_o heir_n for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o be_v willing_a to_o give_v away_o my_o right_n to_o such_o a_o man_n to_o be_v by_o he_o transfer_v to_o his_o heir_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o be_v willing_a to_o give_v it_o unto_o his_o heir_n immediate_o it_o be_v very_o material_a to_o consider_v on_o who_o we_o bestow_v a_o benefit_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v neratius_n who_o can_v not_o believe_v that_o a_o prince_n will_v have_v grant_v that_o to_o he_o be_v dead_a which_o he_o have_v grant_v unto_o he_o believe_v he_o to_o be_v alive_a xvii_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v revoke_v if_o the_o party_n die_v who_o be_v authorize_v to_o make_v it_o explain_v a_o promise_n may_v also_o be_v revoke_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n who_o be_v authoze_v to_o make_v it_o because_o the_o bind_a power_n be_v in_o his_o word_n but_o not_o so_o if_o the_o grant_v be_v send_v by_o a_o messenger_n or_o a_o carrier_n because_o the_o oblige_a power_n be_v not_o in_o he_o but_o in_o the_o instrument_n he_o carry_v and_o therefore_o those_o letter_n import_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o party_n may_v be_v convey_v by_o any_o man_n we_o must_v also_o distinguish_v between_o he_o that_o be_v depute_v only_o to_o signify_v the_o promise_n we_o make_v and_o he_o that_o be_v authorize_v by_o we_o to_o make_v that_o promise_n himself_o in_o the_o former_a case_n a_o revocation_n shall_v take_v place_n although_o it_o be_v not_o so_o express_v to_o he_o that_o carry_v the_o promise_n or_o grant_v in_o the_o latter_a case_n the_o revocation_n be_v of_o no_o force_n because_o the_o oblige_a power_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o he_o that_o be_v send_v to_o make_v it_o who_o if_o he_o do_v make_v it_o while_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n so_o to_o do_v that_o be_v before_o the_o revocation_n be_v make_v know_v unto_o he_o the_o grant_n shall_v be_v valid_a and_o the_o person_n that_o make_v it_o justify_v so_o also_o in_o the_o former_a case_n though_o the_o donor_n die_v yet_o may_v the_o gift_n be_v accept_v as_o be_v on_o his_o part_n perfect_a and_o complete_a although_o subject_n to_o a_o revocation_n which_o be_v apparent_a in_o ambassador_n but_o in_o the_o latter_a case_n it_o can_v because_o the_o gift_n be_v not_o actual_o give_v but_o only_o command_v to_o be_v give_v but_o where_o the_o matter_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o debate_n it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v that_o his_o command_n shall_v be_v execute_v unless_o some_o great_a alteration_n shall_v happen_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o namely_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n command_v it_o be_v true_a there_o may_v be_v many_o conjecture_n that_o may_v be_v of_o force_n to_o persuade_v we_o to_o think_v otherwise_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v admit_v that_o so_o what_o be_v in_o a_o good_a cause_n command_v to_o be_v give_v may_v notwithstanding_o abide_v with_o we_o and_o thus_o may_v that_o question_n that_o have_v be_v heretofore_o mute_v be_v answer_v whether_o the_o heir_n of_o he_o that_o be_v so_o command_v may_v be_v sue_v at_o law_n xviii_o whether_o a_o promise_v be_v revocable_a after_o it_o have_v be_v accept_v of_o by_o another_o controversy_n also_o do_v usual_o happen_v concern_v the_o accept_n of_o a_o thing_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o another_o wherein_o also_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o that_o promise_n that_o be_v make_v to_o i_o of_o something_o to_o be_v give_v to_o another_o and_o that_o promise_v which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o name_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v give_v if_o the_o promise_v be_v make_v to_o i_o set_v aside_o that_o query_n introduce_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n whether_o any_o benefit_n do_v accrue_v unto_o i_o by_o it_o the_o right_n of_o accept_v the_o thing_n seem_v natural_o to_o be_v give_v to_o i_o and_o the_o power_n of_o transfer_v that_o right_n unto_o another_o if_o he_o also_o will_v accept_v thereof_o so_o that_o he_o that_o make_v the_o promise_n have_v no_o right_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o revoke_v it_o but_o i_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v may_v remit_v it_o for_o this_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v no_o whit_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n so_o be_v it_o most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o word_n of_o such_o a_o promise_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v say_v not_o at_o all_o to_o concern_v i_o that_o another_o by_o i_o shall_v receive_v a_o benefit_n but_o if_o the_o promise_v be_v make_v in_o his_o name_n to_o who_o the_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v give_v we_o must_v then_o inquire_v whether_o he_o that_o accept_v of_o what_o be_v promise_v have_v a_o special_a command_n so_o to_o do_v or_o a_o order_n so_o general_a as_o may_v be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o include_v it_o or_o whether_o he_o have_v no_o such_o order_n at_o all_o if_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o he_o have_v such_o order_n or_o authority_n to_o accept_v thereof_o i_o do_v not_o then_o conceive_v it_o necessary_a to_o inquire_v any_o
some_o contract_n which_o have_v some_o resemblance_n of_o usury_n and_o be_v vulgar_o so_o account_v which_o yet_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n as_o when_o the_o lender_n require_v somewhat_o to_o repair_v the_o damage_n he_o have_v sustain_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a detention_n of_o his_o money_n lend_v or_o be_v frustrate_v of_o the_o hope_n of_o gain_n that_o he_o may_v have_v make_v by_o it_o deduct_v notwithstanding_o somewhat_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o incertainty_n of_o those_o hope_n and_o also_o for_o the_o labour_n and_o hazard_n he_o must_v have_v run_v for_o it_o so_o likewise_o to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o he_o that_o lend_v money_n to_o many_o and_o to_o that_o purpose_n keep_v his_o money_n ready_a with_o his_o book_n of_o account_n and_o for_o the_o danger_n he_o run_v of_o lose_v the_o principal_a where_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o secure_v if_o any_o thing_n in_o these_o case_n be_v require_v it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v repute_v usury_n and_o if_o we_o will_v know_v what_o opinion_n the_o roman_a lawyer_n have_v of_o it_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o as_o they_o hate_v the_o word_n foenus_fw-la so_o they_o will_v easy_o admit_v of_o vsura_fw-la vsura_fw-la non_fw-la propter_fw-la lucrum_fw-la petentium_fw-la sed_fw-la propter_fw-la moram_fw-la solventium_fw-la not_o that_o the_o lender_n desire_v to_o make_v again_o by_o the_o want_v of_o the_o borrower_n but_o because_o his_o money_n be_v not_o pay_v at_o the_o time_n agree_v on_o the_o difference_n be_v only_o this_o distinguish_v foenus_fw-la and_o usura_fw-la how_o distinguish_v foenus_fw-la be_v that_o which_o we_o contract_v for_o more_o than_o the_o principal_n mere_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o gain_n but_o vsura_fw-la be_v that_o which_o be_v give_v more_o than_o the_o principal_n lest_o the_o lender_n shall_v be_v damnify_v by_o the_o detention_n of_o the_o principal_n but_o since_o this_o word_n vsura_fw-la be_v abuse_v by_o some_o have_v get_v a_o ill_a report_n therefore_o have_v this_o latter_a age_n substitute_v in_o its_o room_n the_o word_n interest_n demosthenes_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o pantaenetus_n deny_v peremptory_o that_o he_o deserve_v to_o be_v brand_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o usurer_n that_o lend_v what_o he_o have_v get_v either_o by_o merchandize_v or_o by_o his_o honest_a labour_n sub_fw-la modico_fw-la lucello_fw-la for_o some_o moderate_a gain_n partly_o that_o he_o may_v keep_v what_o he_o have_v so_o get_v and_o partly_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v gratify_v another_o it_o be_v record_v of_o germanus_n kinsman_n to_o justinian_n that_o he_o lend_v money_n to_o every_o man_n that_o need_v it_o to_o be_v employ_v 3._o goth._n l._n 3._o but_o never_o take_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o usury_n true_n it_o be_v that_o the_o scripture_n the_o father_n the_o canon_n law_n and_o the_o decretal_n do_v all_o declaim_v against_o usury_n so_o do_v the_o civilian_n baldus_n call_v it_o a_o profitable_a theft_n or_o piracy_n bartolus_n condemn_v all_o usury_n so_o do_v the_o roman_a emperor_n and_o most_o commonwealth_n yet_o be_v they_o content_v to_o tolerate_v it_o be_v restrain_v and_o moderate_v the_o hebrew_n word_n nishech_n signify_v a_o bite_a or_o grind_v usury_n such_o a_o lend_n of_o money_n as_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o charity_n devour_v the_o poor_a borrower_n the_o matter_n that_o bind_v the_o conscience_n be_v the_o debtor_n gain_v nothing_o by_o the_o money_n lend_v and_o not_o the_o take_n of_o much_o or_o little_a interest_n it_o be_v a_o more_o bite_a usury_n to_o take_v 2_o or_o 3_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o he_o that_o get_v nothing_o than_o to_o receive_v 6_o or_o 8_o of_o he_o that_o make_v thereof_o a_o great_a gain_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o among_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o rob_v the_o rich_a no_o man_n be_v by_o the_o law_n bind_v or_o so_o much_o as_o admonish_v to_o lend_v to_o those_o who_o have_v no_o need_n and_o in_o case_n another_o man_n gain_n by_o what_o be_v i_o natural_a equity_n require_v that_o i_o shall_v be_v a_o gainer_n by_o so_o much_o as_o he_o by_o my_o mean_n be_v make_v the_o rich_a again_o if_o to_o a_o man_n that_o stand_v in_o present_a want_n i_o lend_v free_o until_o such_o a_o time_n prefix_v if_o he_o fail_v then_o of_o payment_n and_o i_o thereby_o incur_v any_o damage_n it_o be_v reason_n that_o he_o shall_v satisfy_v the_o damage_n and_o so_o interest_n may_v be_v due_a ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la for_o the_o loss_n i_o sustain_v also_o if_o a_o tradesman_n lend_v his_o money_n which_o he_o can_v spare_v till_o such_o a_o mart_n to_o be_v then_o pay_v and_o the_o borrower_n fail_v in_o his_o payment_n whereby_o he_o be_v disable_v to_o drive_v on_o his_o trade_n for_o the_o next_o year_n then_o shall_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o satisfy_v the_o damage_n the_o lender_n sustain_v propter_fw-la lucrum_fw-la cessans_fw-la by_o reason_n that_o our_o hope_n of_o gain_n cease_v again_o four_o man_n be_v partner_n in_o one_o shop_n two_o be_v age_a supply_n money_n the_o other_o two_o be_v young_a and_o active_a do_v take_v pain_n to_o improve_v it_o if_o they_o by_o their_o labour_n and_o care_n gain_v 20_o or_o 30_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o pay_v the_o other_o two_o be_v past_o their_o labour_n 6_o or_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o their_o maintenance_n can_v this_o be_v call_v bite_a usury_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o two_o lender_n take_v no_o pain_n nor_o run_v any_o hazard_n i_o answer_v yes_o they_o do_v doubtless_o take_v pain_n when_o they_o be_v able_a and_o they_o do_v now_o run_v a_o hazard_n by_o lend_v their_o money_n to_o they_o that_o be_v painful_a but_o have_v nothing_o it_o be_v record_v by_o procopius_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o germanus_n 3._o proc._n got._n l._n 3._o a_o kinsman_n of_o justinian_n that_o he_o lend_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v employ_v by_o such_o as_o need_v it_o but_o never_o take_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o usury_n our_o king_n edgar_n forbid_v usury_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o send_v away_o all_o the_o banker_n who_o gregory_n the_o ten_o have_v send_v out_o of_o italy_n into_o england_n and_o place_v in_o lumbardstreet_n henry_n the_o eight_o allow_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o one_o year_n which_o edward_n the_o six_o repeal_v queen_n elizabeth_z tolerate_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n so_o do_v king_n james_n which_o charles_n the_o first_o reduce_v to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n which_o yet_o continue_v xxii_o what_o power_n the_o civil_a law_n have_v determine_v in_o the_o case_n but_o these_o humane_a law_n that_o tolerate_v a_o moderate_a gain_n for_o the_o use_n of_o money_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n as_o in_o holland_n they_o permit_v 8_o per_fw-la cent._n to_o some_o and_o 12_o per_fw-la cent._n to_o merchant_n for_o a_o year_n as_o a_o reasonable_a compensation_n for_o that_o loss_n which_o the_o lender_n do_v or_o may_v sustain_v by_o the_o forbearance_n of_o his_o money_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o natural_a or_o divine_a but_o if_o they_o exceed_v this_o rate_n those_o law_n may_v afford_v impunity_n but_o no_o just_a right_n xxiii_o how_o contract_v concern_v ensurance_n be_v to_o be_v value_v a_o contract_n for_o the_o ensure_v of_o good_n from_o casualty_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n be_v altogether_o void_a if_o either_o of_o the_o contractor_n do_v know_v that_o the_o good_n be_v already_o safe_o arrive_v at_o the_o port_n or_o place_n whither_o they_o be_v bind_v or_o that_o they_o be_v perish_v by_o the_o way_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o parity_n or_o equality_n of_o knowledge_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v between_o such_o contractor_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_a matter_n of_o such_o a_o contract_n which_o be_v a_o loss_n but_o uncertain_a which_o in_o respect_n of_o both_o party_n may_v or_o may_v not_o be_v but_o at_o what_o rate_n these_o good_n be_v to_o be_v secure_v depend_v upon_o common_a estimation_n xxiv_o how_o in_o society_n with_o their_o several_a kind_n in_o social_a negotiation_n where_o traffic_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o joint_a stock_n of_o a_o company_n if_o every_o member_n contribute_v a_o equal_a proportion_n in_o money_n their_o gain_n or_o loss_n shall_v also_o be_v equal_a but_o if_o their_o proportion_n be_v unequal_a every_o member_n shall_v be_v rate_v according_a to_o his_o proportion_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v observe_v where_o the_o traffic_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v by_o joint_a service_n according_o as_o the_o service_n be_v by_o agreement_n either_o equal_o or_o unequal_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o yet_o in_o such_o negotiation_n service_n may_v be_v set_v against_o money_n
or_o against_o service_n and_o money_n so_o that_o they_o may_v answer_v one_o another_o as_o it_o be_v usual_o say_v par_fw-fr pari_fw-la datum_fw-la hostimentum_fw-la est_fw-la opera_fw-la pro_fw-la pecunia_fw-la to_o give_v like_a for_o like_v be_v to_o even_o the_o scale_n but_o this_o may_v be_v do_v diverse_a way_n for_o either_o service_n may_v counterbalance_v the_o bare_a use_n of_o money_n in_o which_o case_n the_o principal_a stock_n whether_o preserve_v or_o lose_v be_v entire_o his_o gain_n or_o loss_n that_o own_v it_o or_o the_o work_n or_o service_n may_v counterbalance_v the_o whole_a stock_n of_o money_n in_o which_o case_n he_o that_o do_v the_o work_n be_v partaker_n of_o the_o whole_a stock_n in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o case_n the_o work_n be_v set_v against_o not_o the_o stock_n but_o the_o danger_n of_o lose_v it_o or_o the_o gain_n that_o probable_o may_v be_v expect_v from_o it_o in_o the_o latter_a case_n the_o price_n of_o the_o labour_n be_v add_v unto_o the_o stock_n of_o money_n and_o he_o that_o perform_v it_o shall_v have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o stock_n equivalent_a to_o it_o but_o that_o either_o of_o the_o party_n associate_v shall_v share_v in_o the_o profit_n and_o yet_o be_v indemnify_v in_o case_n of_o loss_n be_v preternatural_a to_o society_n yet_o such_o a_o agreement_n there_o may_v be_v without_o injury_n as_o when_o there_o be_v a_o mix_a contract_n partly_o by_o the_o society_n and_o partly_o for_o insurance_n wherein_o such_o a_o equality_n may_v be_v observe_v as_o that_o he_o that_o assume_v to_o make_v good_a the_o loss_n shall_v receive_v a_o great_a proportion_n of_o the_o gain_n than_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v but_o that_o any_o man_n shall_v bear_v the_o loss_n that_o partake_v not_o of_o the_o gain_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o a_o society_n who_o principal_a end_n be_v common_a profit_n without_o which_o it_o can_v consist_v now_o whereas_o the_o lawyer_n say_v that_o where_o the_o proportion_n be_v not_o express_o name_v they_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o they_o be_v equal_a this_o hold_v true_a only_a where_o other_o thing_n contribute_v be_v also_o equal_a xxv_o of_o naval_a society_n where_o a_o fleet_n be_v send_v out_o by_o the_o joint_a stock_n of_o a_o society_n against_o pirate_n there_o the_o common_a profit_n be_v the_o common_a defence_n and_o sometime_o the_o prize_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n and_o then_o the_o ship_n and_o all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v apprize_v and_o draw_v into_o one_o gross_a sum_n out_o of_o which_o all_o charge_n and_o damage_n be_v to_o be_v deduct_v and_o bear_v by_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n according_a to_o the_o part_n they_o have_v in_o that_o sum_n and_o among_o those_o charge_n that_o of_o the_o wound_a be_v to_o be_v reckon_v and_o what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o say_v we_o judge_v to_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n xxvi_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o inequality_n if_o consent_v unto_o neither_o do_v the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n alter_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o except_o only_o in_o this_o that_o where_o the_o contribution_n be_v unequal_a yet_o consent_v unto_o if_o no_o lie_n be_v in_o the_o case_n nor_o any_o thing_n conceal_v which_o shall_v have_v be_v declare_v in_o all_o external_a action_n they_o shall_v be_v hold_v as_o equal_v so_o that_o as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n before_o that_o constitution_n make_v by_o dioclesian_n no_o action_n will_v be_v admit_v of_o in_o a_o court_n against_o such_o a_o inequality_n so_o now_o by_o those_o that_o be_v consociate_v by_o the_o sole_a law_n of_o nation_n no_o exaction_n or_o constraint_n can_v be_v admit_v for_o that_o cause_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v pomponius_n that_o natural_o in_o buy_v and_o sell_v it_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o man_n to_o circumvent_v another_o where_o the_o word_n licitum_fw-la be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o fas_fw-la but_o it_o be_v so_o permit_v natural_a and_o how_o this_o be_v say_v to_o be_v natural_a that_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n provide_v against_o it_o for_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a to_o justify_v he_o by_o his_o agreement_n in_o which_o sense_n that_o be_v term_v natural_a in_o this_o and_o some_o other_o place_n which_o be_v every_o where_o customary_o receive_v in_o which_o sense_n st._n paul_n say_v that_o some_o man_n be_v natural_o vain_a 11.14.13.1_o 1_o cor._n 11.14.13.1_o and_o that_o it_o be_v against_o nature_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v nourish_v his_o hair_n when_o it_o be_v only_o against_o custom_n and_o that_o not_o of_o all_o but_o of_o those_o nation_n wherein_o he_o have_v live_v so_o the_o same_o apostle_n speak_v not_o in_o his_o own_o but_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o roman_n with_o who_o he_o converse_v say_v 2.3_o eph._n 2.3_o that_o they_o be_v by_o nature_n the_o son_n of_o wrath_n so_o that_o nature_n be_v nothing_o but_o custom_n or_o that_o which_o have_v be_v of_o long_a continuance_n in_o which_o sense_n galen_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d where_o he_o say_v that_o custom_n be_v a_o acquire_v or_o adventitious_a nature_n so_o likewise_o thucydides_n humana_fw-la natura_fw-la legum_n victrix_fw-la humane_a nature_n can_v be_v bind_v up_o by_o any_o law_n so_o the_o grecian_n call_v both_o virtue_n and_o vice_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d when_o by_o long_a custom_n they_o be_v make_v natural_a unto_o we_o now_o how_o great_a the_o advantage_n of_o such_o a_o law_n if_o introduce_v will_v be_v to_o the_o general_n peace_n be_v evident_a for_o it_o will_v prevent_v infinite_a contest_v which_o will_v arise_v concern_v the_o uncertain_a prize_n of_o commodity_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v determine_v or_o avoid_v where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a judge_n if_o every_o man_n may_v break_v off_o from_o his_o agreement_n upon_o pretence_n of_o such_o a_o inequality_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la emptionis_fw-la &_o venditionis_fw-la substantia_fw-la say_v the_o roman_a emperor_n call_v a_o perpetual_a custom_n by_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n this_o be_v the_o perpetual_a manner_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v the_o buyer_n beat_v the_o price_n as_o low_a as_o he_o can_v and_o the_o seller_n draw_v up_o the_o buyer_n as_o high_a as_o he_o can_v till_o at_o length_n they_o agree_v in_o a_o equal_a and_o just_a value_n and_o seneca_n respect_v this_o very_a custom_n say_v what_o matter_n be_v it_o what_o any_o thing_n cost_n if_o the_o buyer_n and_o seller_n be_v agree_v about_o the_o price_n he_o owe_v nothing_o to_o the_o seller_n that_o get_v a_o good_a bargain_n and_o much_o after_o the_o same_o copy_n write_v andronicus_n rhodius_n that_o which_o by_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o the_o contractor_n be_v gain_v be_v neither_o unjust_a nor_o shall_v it_o be_v amend_v for_o the_o law_n do_v indulge_v a_o licence_n in_o these_o thing_n and_o he_o that_o write_v the_o life_n of_o isidore_n call_v the_o sell_v of_o any_o thing_n at_o too_o dear_a a_o rate_n or_o the_o buy_n of_o any_o thing_n at_o too_o cheap_a a_o rate_n a_o injustice_n tolerate_v by_o the_o law_n harum_fw-la rerum_fw-la licentiam_fw-la lex_fw-la dedit_fw-la say_v andronicus_n rhodius_n the_o law_n give_v a_o licence_n in_o these_o thing_n but_o yet_o such_o a_o permission_n it_o be_v as_o will_v at_o length_n undermine_v and_o easy_o pervert_v justice_n chap._n xiii_o concern_v oath_n i._o the_o great_a authority_n give_v unto_o oath_n by_o the_o heathen_n ii_o great_a deliberation_n require_v in_o he_o that_o will_v take_v a_o oath_n iii_o oath_n oblige_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v be_v think_v to_o understand_v they_o iv_o a_o oath_n procure_v by_o fraud_n when_o bind_v v._o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o be_v wrest_v beyond_o their_o ordinary_a sense_n vi_o a_o oath_n bind_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a vii_o nor_o to_o thing_n that_o impede_fw-la a_o great_a moral_n good_a viii_o nor_o to_o thing_n impossible_a ix_o what_o if_o the_o impossibility_n be_v but_o for_o some_o certain_a time_n x._o to_o be_v swear_v by_o the_o name_n of_o god_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n xi_o by_o other_o thing_n in_o respect_n to_o god_n xii_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n though_o it_o be_v swear_v by_o false_a go_n xiii_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o oath_n whence_o arise_v a_o twofold_a obligation_n one_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o take_n of_o it_o and_z another_z after_z this_o explain_v fourteen_o when_o by_o a_o oath_n a_o right_n be_v gain_v to_o god_n and_o man_n and_o when_o to_o god_n only_o xv._o the_o opinion_n that_o a_o oath_n give_v to_o a_o pirate_n or_o a_o tyrant_n bind_v not_o before_o god_n refute_v xvi_o whether_o a_o
swear_v that_o create_v this_o obligation_n it_o be_v a_o error_n in_o cicero_n to_o hold_v it_o no_o perjury_n si_fw-mi praedonibus_fw-la pactum_fw-la pro_fw-la capite_fw-la pretium_fw-la non_fw-la attuleris_fw-la nulla_fw-la fraus_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la si_fw-la juratus_fw-la id_fw-la non_fw-la feceris_fw-la de_fw-fr offic._n lib._n 3._o though_o a_o man_n do_v not_o pay_v the_o money_n which_o he_o promise_v by_o oath_n to_o robber_n for_o save_v his_o life_n because_o a_o pirate_n be_v not_o a_o particular_a enemy_n to_o this_o or_o that_o nation_n but_o a_o common_a enemy_n to_o all_o mankind_n cum_fw-la quo_fw-la nec_fw-la fides_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la nec_fw-la jusjurandum_fw-la commune_v with_o who_o say_v he_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o keep_v either_o faith_n or_o common_a oath_n the_o very_a same_o he_o elsewhere_o say_v of_o tyrant_n namely_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o oblige_v by_o any_o oath_n or_o promise_n they_o make_v to_o or_o with_o they_o for_o though_o the_o difference_n be_v vast_a between_o a_o enemy_n and_o a_o pirate_n yet_o will_v not_o that_o difference_n much_o alter_v the_o case_n where_o we_o have_v to_o do_v with_o god_n and_o not_o with_o man_n and_o though_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o person_n be_v such_o as_o that_o he_o can_v claim_v a_o right_n in_o what_o be_v so_o promise_v yet_o to_o perform_v it_o be_v swear_v be_v a_o duty_n that_o we_o owe_v to_o god_n and_o therefore_o be_v a_o oath_n term_v a_o vow_n vow_n it_o be_v compare_v to_o a_o vow_n because_o be_v make_v to_o god_n we_o stand_v oblige_v before_o he_o to_o keep_v it_o neither_o can_v we_o grant_v what_o cicero_n assert_n that_o there_o be_v no_o society_n of_o right_n with_o a_o pirate_n or_o robber_n for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whatsoever_o be_v deposit_v with_o we_o by_o a_o pirate_n aught_o to_o be_v restore_v to_o he_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n of_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v as_o triphonius_n right_o state_v this_o question_n wherefore_o neither_o can_v we_o approve_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o lay_v down_o the_o ransom_n which_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o pay_v so_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o take_v it_o away_o again_o because_o when_o we_o have_v to_o do_v with_o god_n we_o ought_v to_o deal_v simple_o and_o sincere_o so_o that_o it_o may_v have_v some_o effect_n and_o better_o it_o be_v to_o bear_v a_o temporal_a loss_n lysand_n vita_fw-la lysand_n than_o to_o provoke_v god_n by_o the_o breach_n of_o our_o vow_n for_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v qui_fw-la juramento_fw-la hostem_fw-la circumvenit_fw-la be_v ostendit_fw-la hostem_fw-la a_o se_fw-la metui_fw-la deum_fw-la contemni_fw-la he_o that_o circumvent_v a_o enemy_n by_o a_o false_a oath_n plain_o discover_v that_o he_o fear_v his_o enemy_n but_o despise_v god_n yet_o that_o what_o be_v so_o pay_v may_v by_o a_o due_a course_n of_o law_n be_v recover_v notwithstanding_o our_o oath_n be_v the_o opinion_n of_o aquinas_n 7._o 2da_fw-la 2dae_fw-la q._n 89._o art_n 7._o and_o therefore_o the_o soldier_n who_o have_v leave_n to_o depart_v upon_o his_o oath_n give_v to_o return_v though_o he_o come_v private_o back_o and_o then_o depart_v do_v not_o thereby_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n satisfy_v his_o oath_n yet_o if_o a_o man_n do_v haply_o break_v his_o faith_n with_o a_o pirate_n or_o a_o robber_n whether_o swear_v or_o unsworn_a he_o shall_v thereby_o incur_v no_o penalty_n among_o other_o nation_n for_o general_o all_o nation_n in_o detestation_n of_o these_o man_n who_o they_o account_v as_o common_a enemy_n to_o humane_a society_n be_v please_v to_o connive_v at_o whatsoever_o be_v though_o unjust_o do_v against_o they_o for_o they_o that_o break_v the_o communion_n and_o league_n that_o there_o be_v between_o all_o mankind_n be_v common_a enemy_n and_o can_v have_v no_o right_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n xvi_o whether_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o the_o faithless_a but_o it_o be_v far_o question_v whether_o we_o ought_v to_o keep_v faith_n with_o they_o who_o keep_v not_o they_o with_o we_o to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o of_o accius_n may_v be_v in_o this_o sense_n approve_v of_o namely_o t._n thy_o faith_n thou_o break_a haste_n a._n which_o i_o never_o give_v nor_o to_o the_o faithless_a give_v if_o our_o promise_n make_v and_o confirm_v by_o oath_n be_v manifest_o ground_v on_o some_o other_o promise_n which_o be_v as_o a_o condition_n whereunto_o we_o relate_v than_o that_o condition_n be_v not_o perform_v make_v void_a our_o promise_n though_o confirm_v by_o oath_n but_o if_o the_o two_o promise_n be_v of_o several_a kind_n and_o do_v not_o mutual_o respect_v each_o other_o than_o each_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v by_o he_o that_o swear_v it_o without_o any_o respect_n have_v to_o what_o the_o other_o do_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o silius_n so_o high_o extol_v the_o fact_n of_o regulus_n in_o that_o he_o keep_v his_o faith_n with_o the_o carthaginian_n who_o have_v be_v so_o often_o know_v to_o break_v they_o with_o the_o roman_n a_o manifest_a inequality_n in_o contract_n do_v natural_o afford_v cause_n sufficient_a either_o to_o reform_v or_o rescind_v they_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o although_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v change_v somewhat_o herein_o yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v in_o force_n where_o both_o party_n be_v of_o the_o same_o people_n recourse_n be_v often_o have_v to_o that_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v allow_v as_o we_o have_v also_o elsewhere_o show_v but_o yet_o if_o the_o contract_n be_v bind_v up_o by_o a_o oath_n notwithstanding_o this_o inequality_n our_o faith_n give_v unto_o god_n must_v be_v observe_v the_o psalmist_n give_v this_o character_n of_o a_o good_a man_n psal_n 15._o that_o if_o he_o swear_v to_o his_o neighbour_n he_o disappoint_v he_o not_o though_o it_o be_v to_o his_o own_o disadvantage_n xvii_o how_o far_o the_o heir_n of_o that_o promise_n stand_v oblige_v and_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o where_o no_o right_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o person_n with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o such_o defect_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a but_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o oath_n that_o we_o have_v make_v to_o god_n there_o the_o hire_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o oath_n be_v not_o bind_v for_o although_o transeunt_fw-la bona_fw-la cum_fw-la onere_fw-la the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a do_v descend_v upon_o the_o heir_n with_o the_o debt_n which_o he_o owe_v i_o mean_v those_o good_n which_o be_v use_v in_o commerce_n with_o man_n yet_o do_v not_o the_o debt_n of_o mere_a piety_n gratitude_n or_o fidelity_n oblige_v his_o child_n for_o these_o do_v not_o appertain_v unto_o that_o right_n which_o among_o man_n be_v strict_o so_o call_v as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v xviii_o two_o case_n wherein_o the_o obligation_n cease_v moreover_o where_o the_o promise_n confer_v no_o right_a to_o the_o person_n yet_o if_o be_v swear_v it_o seem_v to_o respect_v another_o profit_n if_o that_o man_n will_v not_o accept_v thereof_o or_o if_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o release_v the_o promiser_n the_o oath_n shall_v not_o bind_v he_o so_o also_o if_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n cease_v in_o reference_n whereunto_o a_o man_n swear_v than_o the_o oath_n make_v to_o that_o person_n in_o relation_n to_o that_o quality_n be_v of_o no_o force_n as_o if_o a_o magistrate_n shall_v recede_v from_o his_o dignity_n and_o become_v a_o private_a man_n the_o obligation_n make_v by_o oath_n to_o he_o cease_v as_o curio_n right_o inform_v domitius_n his_o soldier_n who_o scruple_v at_o the_o oath_n they_o have_v former_o take_v how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o you_o say_v he_o shall_v be_v bind_v by_o oath_n unto_o he_o who_o have_v throw_v away_o the_o ensign_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o renounce_v his_o kingdom_n be_v now_o become_v a_o private_a man_n and_o a_o prisoner_n to_o a_o strange_a prince_n and_o by_o and_o by_o he_o add_v that_o the_o oath_n have_v lose_v its_o oblige_a power_n by_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o prince_n freedom_n xix_o when_o that_o which_o be_v do_v against_o a_o oath_n be_v void_a another_o question_n be_v sometime_o make_v whether_o a_o act_n do_v contrary_a to_o a_o oath_n be_v unlawful_a only_o or_o void_a where_o we_o must_v distinguish_v for_o if_o our_o faith_n only_o be_v engage_v the_o act_n that_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o our_o oath_n shall_v stand_v good_a as_o in_o testament_n and_o bargain_n and_o sales_n but_o in_o case_n the_o oath_n be_v so_o frame_v that_o it_o comprehend_v a_o utter_a abdication_n of_o any_o power_n to_o do_v that_o act_n then_o shall_v the_o oath_n prevail_v and_o the_o subsequent_a act_n be_v make_v
void_a now_o these_o thing_n do_v natural_o attend_v any_o oath_n whereby_o we_o may_v easy_o judge_v of_o the_o oath_n of_o king_n and_o of_o foreigner_n one_o to_o the_o other_o when_o the_o act_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n xx._n how_o far_o the_o prince_n power_n prevail_v over_o his_o subject_n oath_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o power_n our_o superior_n namely_o king_n prince_n master_n and_o husband_n have_v in_o thing_n that_o concern_v they_o in_o their_o respective_a right_n over_o their_o several_a relation_n and_o first_o we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o act_n of_o our_o superior_n can_v make_v a_o oath_n that_o be_v true_o obligatory_a void_a so_o that_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v fulfil_v for_o this_o will_v be_v repugnant_a both_o to_o natural_a and_o divine_a right_n but_o because_o all_o our_o action_n be_v not_o full_o in_o our_o own_o power_n but_o so_o as_o they_o have_v some_o dependence_n on_o our_o superior_n therefore_o we_o grant_v that_o our_o superior_n have_v a_o twofold_a power_n over_o we_o concern_v that_o which_o be_v swear_v the_o one_o direct_v upon_o the_o person_n swear_v the_o other_o upon_o the_o person_n to_o who_o he_o swear_v the_o act_n of_o our_o superior_n may_v restrain_v the_o person_n swear_v either_o before_o he_o swear_v make_v such_o a_o oath_n void_a so_o far_o as_o the_o right_n of_o a_o inferior_a be_v subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o his_o superior_a or_o after_o he_o have_v swear_v by_o forbid_v the_o performance_n of_o it_o for_o a_o inferior_a as_o such_o can_v not_o bind_v himself_o without_o the_o approbation_n of_o his_o superior_a beyond_o which_o he_o have_v no_o power_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n by_o the_o jewish_a law_n the_o husband_n have_v power_n to_o null_a the_o vow_n of_o his_o wife_n so_o have_v the_o father_n the_o vow_n of_o his_o child_n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o his_o government_n seneca_n start_v this_o question_n what_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o law_n enact_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v do_v that_o which_o i_o have_v promise_v my_o friend_n to_o do_v for_o he_o which_o he_o thus_o resolve_v eadem_fw-la lex_fw-la i_o defendit_fw-la quae_fw-la vetat_fw-la the_o same_o law_n defend_v i_o that_o forbid_v i_o there_o be_v also_o some_o mix_a act_n between_o both_o as_o when_o the_o superior_a do_v appoint_v that_o his_o inferior_a shall_v bind_v himself_o by_o oath_n in_o this_o or_o that_o case_n namely_o through_o fear_n or_o want_v of_o judgement_n but_o with_o this_o limitation_n that_o the_o oath_n shall_v bind_v if_o his_o superior_a shall_v approve_v thereof_o and_o upon_o this_o foundation_n be_v build_v all_o dispensation_n and_o absolution_n from_o oath_n which_o prince_n in_o former_a time_n do_v exercise_n by_o themselves_o 35._o cap._n 35._o as_o suetonius_n testify_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o tiberius_n and_o vasquius_fw-la record_n to_o have_v be_v long_o use_v in_o spain_n which_o power_n they_o now_o remit_v that_o it_o may_v be_v with_o more_o piety_n execute_v unto_o the_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n ancient_o the_o power_n to_o absolve_v from_o oath_n in_o who_o ancient_o so_o the_o act_n of_o a_o superior_a may_v be_v direct_v against_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v either_o by_o take_v away_o that_o right_n which_o by_o that_o oath_n he_o have_v gain_v or_o if_o as_o yet_o he_o have_v no_o right_a by_o forbid_v he_o from_o claim_v any_o right_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o oath_n and_o this_o he_o may_v do_v two_o way_n either_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n or_o for_o a_o more_o public_a good_a by_o virtue_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v learn_v what_o power_n prince_n have_v over_o their_o subject_n oath_n where_o he_o that_o swear_v and_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v be_v of_o several_a nation_n but_o he_o that_o upon_o his_o oath_n have_v promise_v any_o thing_n to_o a_o nocent_a person_n as_o to_o a_o thief_n or_o to_o a_o pirate_n as_o such_o can_v by_o way_n of_o punishment_n take_v away_o from_o he_o that_o right_o he_o have_v give_v he_o for_o then_o the_o word_n of_o his_o promise_n or_o of_o his_o oath_n shall_v have_v no_o effect_n at_o all_o which_o inconvenience_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v for_o the_o like_a cause_n the_o right_a of_o that_o which_o be_v promise_v can_v be_v compensated_a with_o the_o right_n of_o that_o which_o be_v before_o controvert_v in_o case_n the_o agreement_n be_v make_v after_o that_o controversy_n begin_v yet_o may_v a_o humane_a law_n remove_v that_o impediment_n which_o it_o have_v put_v in_o act_n of_o some_o certain_a kind_n in_o case_n a_o oath_n either_o of_o what_o kind_n soever_o or_o in_o some_o certain_a form_n be_v add_v as_o the_o roman_a law_n have_v do_v in_o such_o impediment_n as_o respect_v not_o the_o public_a direct_o but_o the_o private_a benefit_n of_o he_o that_o swear_v which_o if_o it_o may_v be_v do_v the_o act_n swear_v shall_v stand_v in_o force_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o natural_o it_o will_v if_o such_o a_o humane_a law_n be_v not_o either_o in_o oblige_v hiâ—_n faith_n only_o or_o in_o give_v also_o a_o right_n to_o another_o according_a to_o the_o diverse_a nature_n of_o act_n which_o we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o handle_v xxi_o what_o manner_n of_o oath_n christ_n forbid_v and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n we_o must_v observe_v that_o what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o precept_n of_o christ_n and_o by_o st._n james_n concern_v our_o not_o swear_v at_o all_o do_v not_o proper_o belong_v to_o assertory_n oath_n whereof_o we_o have_v several_a example_n in_o st._n paul_n but_o unto_o such_o as_o be_v promissory_a for_o a_o time_n to_o come_v 11.7_o james_n 5.12_o rom._n 1.9.9.1_o 2_o cor._n 1.23.11.31_o phil._n 1.8_o 1_o thes_n 11.9_o 1_o tim._n 11.7_o which_o be_v uncertain_a and_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o opposition_n in_o the_o very_a word_n of_o christ_n you_o have_v hear_v it_o say_v to_o they_o of_o old_a thou_o shall_v not_o forswear_v but_o thou_o shall_v pay_v thy_o vow_n unto_o the_o lord_n but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o swear_v not_o at_o all_o and_o by_o the_o reason_n that_o be_v add_v by_o st._n james_n that_o you_o be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v deceiver_n for_o so_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sound_v among_o the_o greek_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o job_n 34.30_o and_o mat._n 24.57_o the_o same_o may_v easy_o be_v evince_v by_o our_o saviour_n subsequent_a word_n let_v your_o speech_n be_v yea_o yea_o nay_o nay_o which_o st._n james_n thus_o expound_v let_v your_o yea_o be_v yea_o and_o your_o nay_o be_v nay_o which_o be_v a_o plain_a figure_n which_o the_o rhethorician_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o former_a yea_o signify_v the_o promise_n make_v the_o latter_a yea_o the_o fulfil_n of_o that_o promise_n for_o this_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n yea_o be_v a_o adverb_n of_o yield_v grant_v or_o promise_v and_o be_v express_v by_o amen_o apoc._n 1.7_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n express_v it_o by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o quidni_fw-la which_o be_v a_o affirm_v or_o a_o assent_v to_o that_o which_o be_v ask_v of_o we_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o fulfil_n of_o a_o promise_n by_o st._n paul_n 2_o cor._n 1.20_o where_o he_o say_v that_o all_o the_o promise_n of_o god_n in_o christ_n be_v yea_o and_o amen_n hence_o arise_v that_o old_a heb._n adage_n a_o honest_a man_n yea_o be_v yea_o and_o his_o no_n be_v no_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o who_o word_n and_o deed_n do_v not_o accord_v be_v by_o they_o say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sometime_o off_o and_o sometime_o on_o as_o 2_o cor._n 1.18_o 19_o 19_o 2_o cor._n 1.18_o 19_o that_o be_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d their_o yea_o be_v not_o and_z their_z no_z be_v yea_o the_o meaning_n whereof_o be_v that_o they_o be_v inconstant_a unsettle_a always_o change_v so_o st._n paul_n himself_o expound_v it_o for_o when_o they_o charge_v he_o with_o levity_n he_o excuse_v himself_o say_v that_o his_o speech_n to_o they_o be_v not_o yea_o and_o no_o but_o as_o to_o himself_o it_o be_v always_o yea_o festus_n among_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n naucum_fw-la write_v thus_o some_o there_o be_v that_o think_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o so_o signify_v a_o waver_a man_n now_o if_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yea_o and_o no_o signify_v lightness_n or_o inconstancy_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o yea_o yea_o and_o no_o no_o signify_v stayedness_n or_o constancy_n so_o
that_o our_o saviour_n word_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o what_o philo_n the_o jew_n do_v it_o be_v a_o excellent_a thing_n say_v he_o and_o most_o agreeable_a to_o rational_a man_n decal_n de_fw-fr decal_n so_o to_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o speak_v truth_n that_o their_o bare_a word_n may_v carry_v as_o much_o authority_n as_o other_o man_n oath_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v that_o a_o good_a man_n word_n be_v as_o firm_a immutable_a and_o void_a of_o deceit_n as_o if_o he_o have_v confirm_v it_o with_o a_o oath_n so_o likewife_n josephus_n testify_v of_o the_o esseni_n that_o whatsoever_o they_o affirm_v upon_o their_o word_n be_v as_o true_a as_o if_o they_o have_v affirm_v it_o upon_o their_o oath_n and_o therefore_o to_o swear_v be_v unto_o they_o superfluous_a and_o from_o these_o esseni_fw-la or_o from_o those_o jew_n that_o follow_v they_o pythagoras_n seem_v to_o have_v learn_v it_o where_o he_o say_v we_o must_v not_o swear_v by_o the_o god_n but_o every_o man_n sbould_z be_v so_o careful_a of_o his_o word_n and_o credit_n that_o he_o may_v be_v believe_v without_o a_o oath_n it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o chrysostome_n if_o thou_o do_v believe_v that_o he_o with_o who_o thou_o have_v to_o deal_v 15._o de_fw-fr stat_fw-la 15._o be_v honest_a and_o faithful_a urge_v he_o not_o to_o swear_v but_o if_o thou_o suspect_v he_o for_o a_o liar_n urge_v he_o not_o to_o forswear_v the_o scythian_n in_o curtius_n tell_v alexander_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o scythian_n gratiam_fw-la jurando_fw-la sancire_fw-la to_o purchase_v his_o favour_n or_o establish_v their_o own_o peace_n by_o oath_n for_o say_v curtius_n colendo_fw-la fidem_fw-la scythae_n jurant_fw-la the_o scythian_n be_v so_o great_a admirer_n of_o truth_n and_o fidelity_n that_o their_o bare_a word_n do_v oblige_v they_o as_o firm_o as_o and_o their_o deed_n confirm_v their_o promise_n more_o than_o their_o oath_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o roscius_n comoedus_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o look_v what_o punishment_n the_o god_n award_v to_o a_o perjure_a person_n the_o same_o they_o award_v to_o a_o liar_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o form_n of_o word_n wherein_o the_o oath_n be_v comprehend_v that_o provoke_v the_o god_n unto_o vengeance_n but_o the_o malice_n and_o perfidiousness_n of_o the_o heart_n wherein_o all_o treachery_n and_o forgery_n be_v mint_v it_o be_v excellent_a counsel_n that_o solon_n give_v we_o that_o we_o shall_v have_v so_o great_a a_o regard_n to_o our_o own_o honesty_n that_o our_o word_n may_v be_v as_o authoritative_a and_o convince_a as_o our_o oath_n thus_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n describe_v a_o just_a man_n to_o be_v one_o that_o evidence_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o promise_n by_o the_o sincerity_n and_o constant_a stability_n of_o his_o word_n and_o action_n cicero_n record_v it_o of_o a_o certain_a citizen_n of_o athens_n that_o be_v know_v to_o be_v of_o a_o religious_a and_o upright_a conversation_n baldo_n orat._n pro_fw-la baldo_n and_o be_v to_o give_v his_o public_a testimony_n upon_o oath_n be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v but_o as_o he_o approach_v near_o the_o altar_n to_o that_o purpose_n all_o the_o judge_n with_o one_o voice_n cry_v out_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o swear_v be_v unwilling_a to_o give_v more_o credit_n to_o his_o oath_n than_o to_o his_o word_n very_o pertinent_a to_o the_o meaning_n of_o our_o saviour_n where_o he_o say_v swear_v not_o at_o all_o be_v that_o say_n of_o hierocles_n he_o that_o in_o the_o beginning_n say_v thou_o shall_v reverence_v a_o oath_n do_v therein_o enjoin_v we_o to_o abstain_v from_o swear_v concering_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v contingent_a and_o of_o uncertain_a event_n for_o such_o thing_n be_v so_o mutable_a and_o of_o so_o small_a a_o account_n that_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a a_o oath_n neither_o be_v it_o safe_a to_o swear_v about_o they_o and_o libanius_n insert_v this_o among_o many_o other_o virtue_n for_o which_o he_o high_o extol_v a_o christian_a emperor_n that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o perjury_n that_o he_o fear_v to_o swear_v to_o what_o he_o know_v to_o be_v truth_n a_o perjurio_fw-la tantum_fw-la abest_fw-la ut_fw-la etiam_fw-la vera_fw-la jurare_fw-la vereatur_fw-la xxii_o faith_n may_v be_v give_v without_o a_o oath_n therefore_o in_o some_o nation_n instead_o of_o oath_n they_o give_v unto_o each_o other_o their_o right_a hand_n which_o among_o the_o persian_n be_v the_o strong_a assurance_n of_o faith_n that_o can_v be_v give_v and_o among_o other_o people_n they_o oblige_v themselves_o by_o other_o sign_n and_o that_o so_o strong_o that_o unless_o he_o that_o shall_v so_o oblige_v himself_o do_v fulfil_v his_o promise_n he_o be_v hold_v as_o execrable_a as_o if_o perjure_a but_o especial_o of_o king_n and_o prince_n it_o be_v usual_o say_v that_o their_o faith_n give_v be_v as_o good_a as_o a_o oath_n for_o such_o they_o shall_v be_v that_o they_o may_v say_v with_o augustus_n bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la sum_fw-la i_o have_v a_o clear_a reputation_n and_o with_o eumenes_n i_o have_v rather_o lose_v my_o life_n than_o break_v my_o faith_n whereunto_o gunther_n allude_v where_o he_o say_v no_o oath_n more_o sacred_a than_o the_o word_n of_o king_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o alexis_n comicus_fw-la if_o i_o but_o nod_v it_o be_v firm_a as_o though_o i_o swear_v this_o testimony_n isocrates_n give_v of_o king_n evagrius_n that_o he_o keep_v his_o word_n as_o religious_o as_o he_o do_v his_o oath_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o king_n dejotarus_n high_o commend_v cajus_n caesar_n for_o this_o that_o if_o he_o give_v to_o any_o man_n his_o right_a hand_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o confirm_v any_o promise_n that_o he_o make_v whether_o in_o peace_n or_o war._n and_o in_o those_o heroic_a time_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o royal_a sceptre_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o oath_n of_o a_o king_n as_o aristotle_n note_v chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o promise_n contract_n and_o oath_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o state_n i._o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o who_o hold_v that_o restitution_n to_o the_o full_a arise_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n appertain_v to_o the_o act_n of_o king_n as_o such_o refute_v as_o also_o this_o that_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o own_o oath_n ii_o to_o what_o act_n of_o king_n the_o law_n extend_v explain_v by_o distinction_n iii_o when_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o his_o oath_n and_o when_o not_o iv_o how_o far_o forth_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o what_o he_o have_v promise_v without_o cause_n v._o the_o use_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o force_n of_o the_o law_n about_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n vi_o in_o what_o sense_n a_o king_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v oblige_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o or_o even_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n vii_o a_o right_o gain_v to_o subject_n how_o it_o may_v lawful_o be_v take_v away_o viii_o the_o distinction_n of_o thing_n gain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n reject_v ix_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n whether_o they_o be_v law_n and_o when_o x._o how_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n they_o that_o inherit_v all_o his_o good_n stand_v bind_v xi_o how_o by_o those_o contract_n they_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n may_v stand_v bind_v xii_o and_o how_o far_o xiii_o the_o free_a grant_n of_o king_n when_o revocable_a and_o when_o not_o fourteen_o whether_o the_o true_a king_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o they_o that_o invade_v or_o usurp_v the_o kingdom_n i._o whether_o king_n may_v rescind_v their_o own_o acts._n the_o promise_n contract_n and_o oath_n of_o king_n and_o of_o such_o other_o as_o have_v the_o like_a sovereign_a power_n have_v some_o question_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o as_o well_o concern_v what_o power_n they_o have_v over_o their_o own_o act_n as_o concern_v what_o they_o have_v over_o their_o subject_n as_o that_o which_o they_o have_v over_o their_o successor_n as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o be_v question_v whether_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v the_o same_o power_n to_o restore_v himself_o to_o the_o full_a or_o to_o make_v void_a his_o own_o contract_n or_o to_o absolve_v himself_o from_o his_o oath_n as_o he_o have_v his_o subject_n bodine_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o king_n be_v circumvent_v by_o another_o man_n fraud_n by_o fear_n or_o error_n may_v for_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v restore_v to_o his_o own_o right_n as_o well_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o lessen_v of_o his_o prerogative_n as_o a_o king_n or_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o his_o private_a estate_n as_o his_o subject_n may_v whereunto_o he_o add_v that_o a_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o oath_n if_o the_o contract_n agree_v
on_o be_v such_o as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v be_v revoke_v although_o the_o contract_n be_v agreeable_a to_o honesty_n and_o that_o a_o king_n be_v not_o therefore_o bind_v because_o he_o have_v swear_v but_o as_o every_o man_n may_v be_v bind_v by_o such_o just_a covenant_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o other_o party_n but_o we_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o distinguish_v so_o do_v we_o here_o between_o the_o act_n of_o king_n which_o they_o do_v as_o king_n and_o the_o private_a act_n of_o the_o same_o king_n for_o what_o they_o do_v as_o king_n in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n be_v so_o esteem_v as_o do_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n but_o over_o such_o act_n as_o the_o law_n make_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n can_v have_v no_o power_n because_o the_o community_n can_v be_v superior_a to_o itself_o so_o neither_o can_v the_o prerogative_n law_n of_o a_o king_n null_a his_o own_o public_a act_n because_o a_o king_n can_v be_v superior_a to_o himself_o wherefore_o restitution_n which_o receive_v its_o vigour_n from_o the_o civil_a law_n only_o be_v of_o no_o force_n against_o such_o contract_n neither_o be_v those_o contract_n to_o be_v exempt_v which_o king_n make_v in_o their_o minority_n ii_o to_o what_o act_n of_o king_n the_o law_n extend_v without_o all_o question_n if_o the_o people_n elect_v a_o king_n yet_o not_o with_o full_a and_o absolute_a right_n but_o restrain_v he_o with_o some_o law_n then_o what_o act_v he_o shall_v do_v contrary_a to_o those_o law_n may_v by_o those_o law_n be_v make_v null_n either_o altogether_o or_o in_o part_n because_o the_o people_n do_v reserve_v that_o right_n unto_o themselves_o but_o if_o the_o king_n do_v reign_v in_o full_a right_n i._n e._n not_o bound_v by_o any_o law_n yet_o hold_v not_o his_o kingdom_n in_o propriety_n i._n e._n have_v no_o power_n to_o alienate_v it_o or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o or_o of_o its_o revenue_n all_o such_o act_n of_o his_o that_o shall_v tend_v to_o such_o a_o alienation_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n void_a because_o what_o he_o so_o alienates_v be_v not_o his_o own_o but_o the_o private_a act_n of_o a_o king_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v not_o as_o the_o act_n of_o the_o community_n but_o as_o the_o act_n of_o a_o part_n and_o be_v therefore_o make_v with_o a_o purpose_n that_o they_o may_v follow_v the_o common_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o even_o the_o law_n which_o make_v void_a some_o act_n either_o simple_o or_o if_o the_o person_n damnify_v will_n shall_v take_v place_n even_o here_o also_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v contract_v upon_o this_o condition_n so_o we_o have_v see_v some_o king_n who_o have_v consult_v the_o law_n for_o remedy_n against_o extortion_n yet_o may_v a_o king_n if_o he_o please_v exempt_v from_o those_o law_n his_o own_o act_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n but_o whether_o he_o will_v so_o do_v or_o not_o must_v be_v gather_v from_o circumstance_n if_o he_o do_v then_o shall_v the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n determine_v the_o case_n yet_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o where_o the_o law_n do_v make_v void_a any_o private_a man_n act_n not_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o person_n act_v but_o as_o his_o punishment_n those_o law_n be_v of_o no_o force_n against_o the_o act_n of_o king_n nor_o indeed_o any_o other_o penal_a law_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o imply_v vim_o cogendi_fw-la a_o power_n coercive_a for_o to_o punish_v and_o to_o compel_v can_v proceed_v but_o from_o two_o different_a and_o distinct_a will_n and_o so_o from_o distinct_a person_n neither_o can_v the_o compeller_n and_o the_o compel_v be_v any_o one_o person_n though_o under_o diverse_a respect_n iii_o when_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n and_o when_o not_o a_o king_n may_v make_v void_a his_o own_o oath_n as_o a_o private_a man_n antecedenter_n i._n e._n if_o by_o a_o former_a oath_n he_o have_v deprive_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n to_o oblige_v himself_o by_o oath_n to_o any_o such_o thing_n but_o consequent_o he_o can_v for_o herein_o also_o be_v require_v a_o distinction_n of_o person_n beside_o to_o every_o such_o absolution_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o in_o the_o very_a oath_n before_o take_v there_o shall_v have_v be_v this_o limitation_n or_o exception_n either_o express_v or_o imply_v nisi_fw-la superior_a voluerit_fw-la unless_o my_o prince_n command_v the_o contrary_a which_o in_o the_o oath_n of_o a_o king_n can_v be_v admit_v because_o this_o be_v to_o make_v a_o king_n superior_a to_o himself_o or_o to_o make_v his_o oath_n still_o to_o depend_v upon_o his_o own_o will_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o whereas_o a_o oath_n though_o make_v may_v confer_v no_o right_n to_o another_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o default_n in_o that_o person_n yet_o be_v he_o that_o swear_v bind_v before_o god_n to_o make_v good_a what_o he_o have_v so_o promise_v as_o be_v before_o say_v and_o thus_o also_o be_v king_n bind_v by_o their_o oath_n which_o they_o make_v no_o less_o than_o private_a man_n though_o bodinus_fw-la think_v otherwise_o iv_o how_o far_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o those_o promise_n which_o he_o make_v without_o cause_n we_o have_v likewise_o already_o show_v that_o full_a and_o absolute_a promise_n be_v accept_v of_o do_v natural_o transfer_v our_o right_n to_o another_o now_o this_o hold_v as_o well_o in_o king_n as_o in_o private_a man_n their_o opinion_n therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v who_o say_v that_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o promise_n which_o they_o make_v without_o good_a cause_n which_o notwithstanding_o may_v in_o some_o sense_n be_v true_a as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o v._o of_o what_o use_n that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o law_n about_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n that_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o a_o kingdom_n have_v no_o power_n over_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n be_v well_o acknowledge_v by_o vasquius_fw-la but_o that_o which_o he_o will_v thence_o infer_v namely_o that_o what_o be_v by_o he_o buy_v or_o sell_v for_o no_o price_n certain_a or_o what_o be_v by_o he_o let_v or_o take_v to_o hire_v without_o any_o rent_n agree_v on_o or_o what_o he_o shall_v give_v away_o in_o fee_n without_o any_o write_n or_o grant_v under_o his_o hand_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n we_o can_v admit_v for_o these_o act_n be_v do_v by_o he_o not_o as_o a_o king_n but_o as_o any_o private_a person_n and_o over_o such_o act_n as_o these_o not_o only_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n but_o even_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o that_o city_n wherein_o the_o king_n reside_v have_v power_n because_o the_o king_n for_o some_o special_a reason_n place_v himself_o there_o as_o a_o member_n of_o that_o corporation_n unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v by_o good_a circumstance_n that_o it_o be_v his_o will_n that_o those_o act_n of_o his_o shall_v be_v exempt_v from_o the_o power_n of_o those_o law_n but_o that_o other_o example_n bring_v by_o the_o same_o vasquius_fw-la concern_v a_o promise_n any_o way_n make_v do_v very_o well_o agree_v and_o may_v be_v explain_v by_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v vi_o in_o what_o sense_n a_o king_n may_v be_v oblige_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o or_o by_o civil_a law_n that_o which_o civilian_n do_v general_o affirm_v that_o the_o covenant_n which_o a_o king_n enter_v into_o with_o his_o subject_n do_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v somewhat_o obscure_a for_o that_o be_v sometime_o corrupt_o say_v by_o the_o lawgiver_n natural_o to_o oblige_v which_o be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o honesty_n but_o yet_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v due_a as_o for_o a_o executor_n to_o pay_v the_o entire_a legacy_n without_o defalcation_n though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o testator_n estate_n leave_v he_o or_o to_o pay_v a_o just_a debt_n though_o the_o creditor_n be_v make_v by_o the_o law_n uncapable_a of_o receive_v it_o or_o to_o requite_v a_o courtesy_n receive_v all_o which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v recover_v by_o any_o action_n at_o law_n sometime_o again_o that_o be_v more_o proper_o say_v natural_o to_o oblige_v which_o be_v indeed_o true_o obligatory_a whether_o it_o be_v such_o as_o transfer_v a_o right_a unto_o another_o as_o in_o contract_n or_o such_o as_o transfer_v none_o as_o in_o a_o full_a and_o firm_a pollicitation_n maimonides_n the_o jew_n do_v very_o apt_o distinguish_v between_o these_o three_o whatsoever_o come_v more_o than_o be_v due_a fall_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o mercy_n which_o
nisi_fw-la sacra_fw-la colenti_fw-la stranger_n shall_v not_o direct_v into_o their_o way_n if_o not_o of_o their_o own_o sect._n the_o like_a do_v tacitus_n record_v of_o they_o 6._o hist_o 6._o apud_fw-la ipsos_fw-la fides_fw-la obstinata_fw-la misericordia_fw-la in_o promptu_fw-la adversus_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la hostile_a odium_fw-la between_o themselves_o they_o be_v very_o faithful_a and_o apt_a to_o show_v mercy_n but_o to_o all_o other_o they_o bear_v a_o mortal_a hatred_n but_o because_o they_o be_v command_v to_o be_v thus_o charitable_a to_o their_o brethren_n therefore_o to_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o do_v good_a unto_o stranger_n will_v prove_v but_o ill_a consequence_n but_o yet_o such_o be_v the_o corrupt_a gloss_n of_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n that_o they_o persuade_v the_o jew_n that_o if_o they_o perform_v those_o duty_n of_o justice_n and_o charity_n to_o those_o of_o their_o own_o nation_n they_o have_v sufficient_o fulfil_v the_o law_n though_o to_o all_o other_o they_o be_v not_o uncivil_a only_o but_o barbarous_a as_o indeed_o they_o be_v for_o we_o find_v it_o record_v of_o they_o by_o the_o evangelist_n that_o it_o be_v not_o their_o custom_n to_o eat_v to_o drink_v or_o to_o have_v any_o familiarity_n with_o stranger_n and_o thus_o through_o all_o age_n they_o have_v continue_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o character_n give_v of_o they_o by_o all_o historian_n apollonius_n molo_n object_n against_o they_o thus_o they_o admit_v of_o none_o among_o they_o that_o agree_v not_o with_o they_o in_o matter_n of_o religion_n neither_o will_v they_o communicate_v with_o they_o in_o any_o thing_n thus_o do_v the_o friend_n of_o antiochus_n in_o diodorus_n brand_v they_o a_o people_n they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o unsociable_a to_o stranger_n for_o they_o account_v all_o such_o as_o enemy_n and_o a_o little_a after_o they_o will_v not_o eat_v with_o any_o other_o people_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o salute_v or_o bid_v they_o farewell_n such_o a_o general_a hatred_n they_o bear_v to_o all_o mankind_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v philostratus_n give_v of_o they_o and_o in_o josephus_n we_o find_v it_o every_o where_o object_v against_o they_o that_o they_o be_v a_o people_n of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o uncivil_a and_o the_o most_o unsociable_a but_o christ_n who_o be_v every_o where_o most_o observant_a of_o the_o law_n do_v by_o his_o own_o example_n teach_v they_o that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o scope_n of_o moses_n nor_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n 4.9_o john_n 4.9_o when_o he_o prefer_v the_o good_a samaritan_n before_o the_o levite_n and_o ask_v and_o receive_v water_n from_o the_o woman_n of_o samaria_n in_o that_o prayer_n which_o king_n solomon_n make_v at_o the_o dedication_n of_o the_o temple_n we_o find_v this_o petition_n that_o god_n will_v vouchsafe_v to_o hear_v the_o prayer_n of_o the_o stranger_n which_o they_o shall_v offer_v up_o unto_o he_o in_o that_o house_n whereunto_o josephus_n add_v these_o word_n 2._o ant._n lib._n 8._o c._n 2._o for_o we_o be_v not_o of_o so_o inhuman_a a_o nature_n as_o to_o stand_v ill_o affect_v to_o stranger_n yet_o herein_o we_o be_v to_o except_v not_o only_o the_o seven_o nation_n above_o mention_v but_o the_o ammonite_n and_o the_o moabite_n of_o who_o we_o find_v it_o write_v thus_o 23.6_o deut._n 23.6_o thou_o shall_v not_o seek_v their_o prosperity_n nor_o their_o good_a all_o thy_o day_n for_o ever_o in_o which_o word_n the_o israelite_n be_v forbid_v to_o make_v any_o league_n of_o society_n or_o amity_n with_o they_o yet_o it_o give_v they_o no_o right_a to_o make_v war_n against_o they_o or_o haply_o this_o place_n of_o deuteronomy_n may_v be_v better_o understand_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o of_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n as_o if_o to_o seek_v a_o peace_n from_o they_o be_v forbid_v but_o not_o to_o accept_v thereof_o when_o offer_v certain_a it_o be_v they_o be_v forbid_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o ammonite_n 11.16_o judg._n 11.16_o deut._n 2.19_o neither_o do_v jephtha_n accept_v it_o till_o they_o have_v obstinate_o refuse_v equal_a condition_n of_o peace_n nor_o david_n till_o he_o be_v provoke_v thereunto_o by_o unsufferable_a injury_n the_o question_n than_o rest_v here_o war._n whether_o we_o may_v join_v with_o infidel_n in_o a_o social_n war._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o enter_v into_o a_o social_n war_n with_o infidel_n before_o the_o law_n give_v that_o this_o be_v not_o unlawful_a appear_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o abraham_n who_o assist_v the_o wicked_a sodomite_n in_o their_o war._n neither_o do_v moses_n change_v any_o thing_n herein_o that_o we_o can_v read_v of_o the_o same_o persuasion_n be_v the_o asmonaean_n who_o be_v both_o very_a skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o very_o strict_a observer_n of_o it_o witness_v their_o religious_a observation_n of_o the_o sabbath_n whereon_o notwithstanding_o they_o make_v use_v of_o their_o arm_n to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o not_o otherwise_o and_o yet_o we_o find_v they_o enter_v into_o confederacy_n with_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n by_o the_o consent_n both_o of_o priest_n and_o people_n and_o institute_v solemn_a sacrifice_n for_o their_o safety_n these_o asmonaean_n we_o find_v high_o commend_v in_o the_o chaldee_n targum_fw-la in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o maccabee_n and_o in_o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n who_o example_n both_o emperor_n and_o christian_a king_n follow_v make_v league_n with_o such_o as_o be_v either_o not_o at_o all_o christian_n or_o at_o least_o not_o sound_a christian_n as_o constantine_n with_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n justinian_n with_o the_o lumbards_n the_o saracen_n the_o franc_n the_o scythian_n so_o do_v theodosius_n honorius_n leo_n heracleus_n basilius_n isacius_n and_o other_o with_o the_o vandal_n and_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n with_o the_o moor_n now_o the_o example_n that_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o scripture_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n have_v cause_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o for_o certain_o some_o king_n and_o people_n there_o be_v beside_o those_o forbid_a by_o the_o law_n who_o be_v so_o wicked_a that_o god_n by_o his_o prophet_n declare_v his_o purpose_n to_o destroy_v they_o now_o to_o join_v in_o confederacy_n with_o these_o be_v doubtless_o unlawful_a thus_o do_v the_o prophet_n reprove_v jehosophat_n for_o join_v in_o league_n with_o ahab_n yea_o and_o seem_v to_o threaten_v he_o for_o it_o shall_v thou_o help_v the_o ungodly_a and_o love_v they_o that_o hate_v the_o lord_n 19.2_o 2_o chr._n 19.2_o therefore_o be_v wrath_n upon_o thou_o from_o before_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o prophet_n micah_n have_v before_o tell_v the_o unhappy_a success_n of_o that_o war._n so_o do_v another_o prophet_n reprove_v amasia_n for_o wage_n a_o war_n with_o a_o army_n hire_v out_o of_o israel_n let_v not_o the_o army_n of_o israel_n go_v with_o thou_o 25.7_o 2_o chr._n 25.7_o for_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o with_o they_o but_o this_o be_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o the_o league_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n as_o may_v be_v evince_v by_o this_o that_o god_n do_v sharp_o rebuke_v and_o threaten_v jehosophat_n for_o associate_a himself_o with_o ahaziah_n king_n of_o israel_n though_o it_o be_v but_o for_o traffic_v and_o yet_o when_o david_n and_o solomon_n do_v the_o like_a with_o hiram_n god_n do_v not_o only_o not_o reprove_v but_o in_o part_n commend_v they_o for_o it_o 18._o constit_fw-la clem._n lib._n 6._o c._n 18._o for_o in_o that_o ahaziah_n be_v say_v to_o do_v very_o wicked_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n which_o be_v aggravate_v in_o that_o be_v a_o israelite_n he_o have_v forsake_v the_o god_n of_o his_o father_n and_o therefore_o be_v god_n provoke_v to_o blast_v all_o his_o enterprise_n for_o this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o case_n of_o those_o who_o be_v israelite_n forsake_v the_o lord_n who_o they_o know_v 3._o esay_n 8.6_o 1_o chr._n 16.12_o ambr._n ad_fw-la rom._n 3._o be_v far_o worse_a than_o of_o those_o that_o be_v stranger_n for_o against_o those_o that_o make_v this_o defection_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n may_v take_v arm_n and_o destroy_v they_o and_o all_o they_o have_v deut._n 13.13_o sometime_o again_o where_o the_o league_n be_v blame_v it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o league_n sake_n but_o for_o the_o wicked_a intention_n of_o he_o that_o make_v it_o so_o god_n reprove_v asa_n for_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o syrian_a namely_o out_o of_o diffidence_n which_o he_o have_v declare_v by_o send_v the_o vessel_n consecrate_v to_o god_n unto_o the_o syrian_a so_o when_o he_o be_v sick_a 16.12_o 1_o chr._n 16.12_o he_o place_v more_o confidence_n in_o his_o physician_n than_o
in_o god_n whereby_o we_o can_v no_o more_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v general_o and_o of_o itself_o unlawful_a to_o make_v a_o league_n with_o such_o as_o this_o syrian_a be_v than_o it_o will_v be_v to_o consult_v a_o physician_n about_o a_o man_n health_n multa_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la illicita_fw-la vitiat_fw-la animus_n the_o mind_n sometime_o make_v that_o unlawful_a which_o in_o itself_o be_v not_o as_o that_o act_n of_o david_n in_o number_v the_o people_n and_o that_o of_o hezekiah_n in_o show_v his_o treasure_n to_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n 20.13_o 2_o king_n 20.13_o so_fw-ge es_fw-ge 31.1_o the_o vain_a confidence_n of_o god_n people_n in_o the_o egyptian_n be_v sharp_o reprove_v whereas_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o solomon_n to_o contract_v a_o league_n with_o they_o 1_o king_n 3.1_o and_o good_a reason_n for_o the_o hebrew_n under_o the_o old_a law_n have_v the_o express_a promise_n of_o god_n for_o victory_n in_o case_n they_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o fly_v to_o humane_a succour_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n beside_o there_o be_v many_o excellent_a sentence_n in_o solomon_n proverb_n that_o dissuade_v we_o from_o the_o society_n of_o the_o wicked_a but_o these_o be_v rather_o prudentis_fw-la monita_fw-la quam_fw-la legis_fw-la praecepta_fw-la wise_a man_n counsel_n than_o dictate_v of_o the_o law_n and_o these_o admonition_n have_v many_o exception_n as_o most_o moral_n have_v x._o nor_n by_o the_o christian_a law_n but_o the_o gospel_n give_v a_o great_a encouragement_n to_o league_n make_v with_o such_o as_o be_v stranger_n in_o religion_n whereby_o they_o may_v in_o a_o just_a cause_n be_v relieve_v than_o the_o law_n do_v for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o be_v command_v to_o do_v good_a unto_o all_o man_n yea_o even_o unto_o our_o enemy_n and_o this_o too_o not_o as_o a_o thing_n commendable_a only_o as_o to_o be_v thankful_a but_o as_o a_o thing_n necessary_a for_o we_o be_v enjoin_v thereunto_o under_o this_o penalty_n of_o be_v repute_v bastard_n and_o not_o son_n of_o our_o heavenly_a father_n who_o in_o cause_v the_o sun_n to_o shine_v and_o the_o rain_n to_o fall_v promiscuous_o upon_o and_o good_a the_o bad_a will_v have_v all_o his_o child_n to_o do_v good_a unto_o all_o man_n 5.45_o matth._n 5.45_o it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v of_o tertullian_n as_o long_o as_o god_n restrain_v his_o covenant_n to_o israel_n only_o he_o enjoin_v they_o to_o show_v mercy_n to_o their_o brethren_n but_o when_o he_o enlarge_v his_o kingdom_n over_o all_o give_v unto_o christ_n the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o his_o possession_n he_o extend_v the_o law_n of_o brotherly_a love_n unto_o all_o man_n so_o that_o as_o he_o exempt_v no_o nation_n from_o his_o call_v so_o we_o shall_v exempt_v none_o from_o our_o charity_n 3._o gal._n 6.10_o off._n l._n 3._o which_o notwithstanding_o must_v be_v understand_v with_o some_o grain_n of_o allowance_n to_o those_o who_o be_v of_o the_o same_o faith_n so_o clemens_n in_o his_o constitution_n we_o be_v to_o communicate_v of_o our_o labour_n to_o all_o but_o especial_o to_o the_o saint_n for_o as_o aristotle_n observe_v 4._o nic._n 4._o there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o we_o shall_v take_v as_o much_o care_n of_o stranger_n as_o we_o do_v of_o friend_n our_o eat_n and_o drink_v with_o man_n of_o another_o religion_n be_v not_o where_o forbid_v we_o neither_o be_v we_o interdict_v all_o manner_n of_o commerce_n with_o such_o as_o be_v apostate_n from_o the_o true_a religion_n but_o only_o all_o familiar_a conversation_n with_o they_o beyond_o what_o be_v necessary_a but_o not_o such_o as_o may_v haply_o beget_v hope_n of_o their_o conversion_n and_o by_o that_o of_o st._n paul_n to_o the_o corinthian_n 1.15_o 2_o thess_n 1.15_o be_v not_o unequal_o yoke_v with_o unbeliever_n etc._n etc._n it_o appertain_v unto_o those_o who_o communicate_v with_o they_o in_o their_o idol_n feast_n and_o be_v thereby_o draw_v either_o to_o commit_v idolatry_n or_o at_o least_o to_o seem_v to_o do_v so_o and_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o what_o follow_v what_o fellowship_n have_v the_o temple_n of_o god_n with_o idol_n 6.14_o 2_o cor._n 6.14_o like_o unto_o what_o he_o say_v before_o you_o can_v partake_v of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o of_o the_o table_n of_o devil_n 1_o cor._n 10.21_o and_o yet_o we_o may_v not_o conclude_v that_o because_o we_o may_v contract_v league_n with_o they_o therefore_o we_o may_v also_o willing_o put_v ourselves_o to_o live_v under_o the_o government_n of_o infidel_n and_o contract_v marriage_n with_o they_o for_o in_o both_o these_o case_n there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o danger_n and_o many_o hindrance_n to_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o the_o true_a religion_n beside_o these_o bond_n be_v more_o last_a and_o a_o great_a freedom_n of_o choice_n there_o be_v in_o our_o marriage_n whereas_o league_n be_v usual_o make_v according_a to_o the_o occasion_n of_o time_n and_o place_n and_o as_o to_o do_v good_a even_o to_o profane_a person_n be_v not_o evil_a so_o neither_o be_v it_o to_o implore_v help_n from_o they_o for_o st._n paul_n we_o read_v seek_v aid_n from_o the_o tribune_n and_o appeal_v unto_o caesar_n xi_o caution_n about_o such_o league_n in_o contract_a league_n with_o infidel_n then_o there_o be_v no_o intrinsic_a or_o universal_a evil_n but_o what_o evil_n there_o be_v must_v be_v collect_v from_o circumstance_n for_o special_a care_n must_v be_v take_v that_o by_o our_o too_o near_a alliance_n with_o they_o we_o do_v not_o scandalize_v the_o weak_a and_o therefore_o where_o there_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o man_n of_o diverse_a religion_n as_o in_o a_o army_n it_o be_v very_o convenient_a that_o their_o habitation_n be_v distinct_a as_o the_o israelite_n be_v from_o the_o egyptian_n whereunto_o also_o appertain_v what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v concern_v the_o religion_n of_o jew_n and_o christian_n 2._o book_n 1._o ch._n 2._o when_o they_o joint_o war_v against_o the_o pagan_n and_o although_o by_o such_o contract_n great_a improvement_n of_o profane_a wealth_n may_v be_v make_v yet_o be_v it_o better_a to_o abstain_v unless_o it_o be_v upon_o great_a necessity_n in_o which_o case_n that_o of_o thucydides_n take_v place_n they_o that_o be_v treacherous_o assault_v as_o we_o be_v by_o the_o athenian_n be_v not_o to_o be_v envy_v if_o they_o seek_v to_o preserve_v themselves_o by_o the_o aid_n 1._o lib._n 1._o not_o of_o the_o grecian_n only_o but_o of_o the_o barbarian_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o defence_n of_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v our_o right_n that_o can_v justify_v we_o in_o the_o commit_n of_o that_o which_o may_v if_o not_o direct_o yet_o indirect_o prejudice_v our_o religion_n for_o we_o be_v teach_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o seek_v the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n that_o be_v the_o propagation_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o it_o be_v serious_o to_o be_v wish_v that_o many_o prince_n and_o people_n at_o this_o day_n will_v be_v mindful_a of_o that_o free_a and_o devout_a admonition_n which_o fulk_n sometime_o archbishop_n of_o rheims_n give_v to_o charles_n the_o simple_a who_o heart_n do_v not_o melt_v within_o he_o to_o think_v that_o your_o majesty_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o contract_v friendship_n with_o god_n enemy_n and_o to_o the_o ruin_n and_o subversion_n of_o christian_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o arm_n of_o pagan_n nihil_fw-la enim_fw-la distat_fw-la utrum_fw-la quis_fw-la paganis_fw-la se_fw-la sociat_fw-la a_o abnegato_fw-la deo_fw-la idola_fw-la colâ—t_fw-la for_o say_v he_o there_o be_v but_o small_a difference_n between_o confederate_v with_o pagan_n and_o by_o deny_v god_n to_o worship_v idol_n alexander_n in_o arrianus_n think_v those_o man_n unworthy_a of_o the_o name_n of_o grecian_n who_o be_v so_o do_v notwithstanding_o fight_v for_o the_o barbarian_n against_o the_o grecian_n for_o that_o which_o do_v by_o right_o belong_v to_o greece_n much_o 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extend_v the_o obligation_n be_v not_o rash_o to_o be_v admit_v but_o with_o much_o more_o caution_n than_o in_o the_o case_n before_o mention_v where_o we_o admit_v of_o word_n in_o their_o large_a signification_n though_o not_o much_o in_o use_n for_o here_o we_o raise_v our_o conjecture_n without_o regard_n have_v to_o the_o word_n promise_v which_o can_v introduce_v a_o obligation_n unless_o the_o conjecture_n be_v very_o certain_a for_o here_o a_o parity_n of_o reason_n be_v not_o sufficient_a unless_o it_o be_v the_o very_a same_o neither_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n at_o all_o time_n sufficient_a because_o as_o i_o say_v before_o reason_n do_v often_o so_o move_v we_o that_o to_o show_v our_o own_o freedom_n our_o will_n be_v of_o itself_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o our_o promise_n without_o any_o other_o reason_n now_o to_o justify_v such_o a_o extend_a conjecture_n beyond_o the_o word_n of_o the_o promise_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o shall_v plain_o appear_v that_o 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same_o oration_n he_o add_v idem_fw-la jus_o esse_fw-la ubi_fw-la perspicitur_fw-la una_fw-la atque_fw-la eadem_fw-la causa_fw-la aequitatis_fw-la where_o there_o manifest_o appear_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o equity_n i._n e._n where_o there_o be_v the_o same_o solitary_a cause_n move_v it_o may_v be_v presume_v there_o be_v also_o one_o and_o the_o same_o right_n thus_o philo_n in_o his_o special_a law_n prove_v that_o it_o be_v adultery_n to_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n that_o be_v betroth_v to_o another_o and_o he_o add_v this_o reason_n quia_fw-la idem_fw-la valent_fw-la sponsalia_fw-la quod_fw-la nuptiae_fw-la because_o say_v he_o such_o espousal_n be_v equal_a to_o marriage_n 35._o exod._n 21_o 28_o 35._o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n under_o the_o name_n of_o ox_n be_v all_o gentle_a beast_n comprehend_v so_o be_v every_o pool_n or_o pond_n under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o well_o so_o likewise_o a_o injunction_n though_o it_o run_v in_o this_o form_n under_o i_o vi_fw-la dejeceris_fw-la hominibus_fw-la coactis_fw-la armatisve_fw-la whence_o thou_o have_v thrust_v i_o out_o by_o force_n and_o arm_n take_v place_n also_o against_o all_o manner_n of_o force_n that_o threaten_v our_o life_n and_o limb_n for_o that_o which_o be_v usual_o do_v by_o arm_a man_n if_o by_o any_o other_o counsel_n or_o mean_v we_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o same_o danger_n the_o law_n afford_v we_o the_o same_o right_n and_o remedy_n quintilian_n the_o father_n in_o one_o of_o his_o declamation_n bring_v in_o this_o example_n murder_n do_v usual_o signify_v the_o effusion_n of_o humane_a blood_n by_o the_o sword_n but_o if_o a_o man_n be_v kill_v by_o any_o other_o mean_v we_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o same_o law_n for_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v fall_v among_o thief_n or_o if_o he_o be_v throw_v into_o a_o river_n and_o there_o drown_v or_o if_o he_o be_v tumble_v headlong_o from_o a_o high_a precipice_n his_o death_n shall_v be_v revenge_v by_o the_o same_o law_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v kill_v by_o the_o sword_n the_o like_a argument_n we_o find_v use_v by_o isaeus_n concern_v the_o inheritance_n of_o pyrrhus_n where_o because_o by_o the_o law_n of_o athens_n a_o father_n have_v no_o son_n can_v not_o make_v his_o testament_n if_o his_o daughter_n be_v unwilling_a he_o infer_v that_o neither_o have_v he_o without_o her_o consent_n the_o power_n of_o adopt_v one_o xxi_o whether_o a_o command_v give_v for_o one_o thing_n be_v fulfil_v in_o do_v another_o as_o profitable_a if_o not_o more_o and_o from_o hence_o that_o famous_a question_n in_o gellius_n may_v easy_o be_v answer_v concern_v a_o command_n give_v by_o our_o superior_a whether_o it_o may_v be_v fulfil_v though_o not_o by_o the_o same_o yet_o by_o another_o thing_n equal_o profitable_a or_o haply_o more_o than_o that_o which_o be_v command_v servant_n say_v quintilian_n act_n some_o thing_n more_o free_o out_o of_o a_o good_a mind_n and_o even_o our_o slave_n buy_v with_o our_o money_n do_v sometime_o think_v it_o a_o argument_n of_o their_o fidelity_n to_o do_v otherwise_o than_o they_o be_v command_v which_o may_v be_v do_v if_o it_o appear_v that_o what_o be_v so_o particular_o describe_v but_o only_o under_o some_o general_a consideration_n which_o may_v also_o be_v otherwise_o obtain_v but_o if_o that_o do_v not_o sufficient_o appear_v 13._o lib._n 1._o c._n 13._o than_o we_o be_v to_o follow_v gellius_n his_o advice_n in_o that_o place_n for_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o general_n will_v quick_o be_v contemn_v if_o what_o he_o command_v shall_v be_v dispute_v and_o not_o obey_v xxii_o or_o restrain_v and_o that_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o defect_n in_o the_o will_n that_o interpretation_n that_o restrain_v the_o sense_n from_o what_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n wherein_o the_o promise_n be_v contain_v will_v bear_v be_v derive_v either_o from_o a_o originary_a defect_n of_o the_o will_n or_o from_o the_o repugnancy_n of_o some_o emergent_a case_n with_o the_o will._n the_o originary_a defect_n of_o the_o will_n be_v understand_v either_o from_o some_o absurdity_n which_o will_v otherwise_o evident_o ensue_v or_o from_o fail_v of_o the_o main_a reason_n which_o alone_o do_v full_o and_o effectual_o move_v the_o will_n or_o from_o a_o defect_n of_o matter_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v ground_v upon_o this_o that_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v believe_v to_o will_n thing_n that_o be_v absurd_a xxiii_o or_o when_o the_o main_a reason_n cease_v the_o second_o be_v ground_v on_o this_o that_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o promise_n whereunto_o such_o a_o reason_n be_v add_v or_o where_o it_o be_v plain_o understand_v be_v not_o consider_v bare_o or_o simple_o but_o as_o it_o fall_v under_o that_o reason_n xxiv_o or_o when_o there_o be_v a_o defect_n in_o the_o matter_n the_o three_o be_v ground_v on_o this_o that_o the_o matter_n so_o restrain_v be_v always_o observe_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o he_o that_o promise_v although_o the_o word_n of_o the_o promiser_n do_v admit_v of_o a_o large_a signification_n xxv_o a_o observation_n concern_v the_o last_o recite_v conjecture_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o reason_n that_o move_v the_o will_v we_o must_v observe_v that_o under_o it_o be_v comprehend_v not_o only_o thing_n actual_o exist_v but_o sometime_o thing_n that_o moral_o consider_v may_v be_v which_o when_o it_o take_v place_n no_o restriction_n ought_v to_o be_v admit_v as_o when_o it_o be_v in_o any_o league_n provide_v that_o no_o army_n or_o fleet_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o such_o a_o place_n they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v lead_v thither_o though_o there_o be_v no_o intention_n thereby_o to_o do_v harm_n because_o in_o that_o agreement_n not_o so_o much_o the_o present_a damage_n as_o all_o future_a danger_n whatsoever_o be_v regard_v
ambassador_n admittance_n and_o he_o may_v command_v he_o to_o depart_v his_o kingdom_n if_o he_o behave_v himself_o seditious_o but_o that_o none_o shall_v be_v without_o cause_n deny_v now_o cause_v there_o may_v be_v first_o from_o he_o that_o send_v second_o from_o he_o that_o be_v send_v and_o three_o from_o the_o matter_n of_o embassage_n as_o to_o the_o first_o we_o read_v that_o pericles_n dismiss_v melesippus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a ambassador_n beyond_o the_o territory_n of_o athens_n because_o he_o come_v from_o a_o arm_a enemy_n and_o the_o roman_a senate_n deny_v admission_n to_o the_o carthaginian_a ambassador_n zonaras_n vid._n camden_n an._n 1571._o quaest_n 4._o livy_n l._n 41._o zonaras_n because_o they_o have_v a_o army_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o italy_n so_o do_v the_o achaian_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o perseus_n because_o he_o attempt_v a_o war_n against_o the_o roman_n the_o like_a do_v justinian_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o totilas_n and_o the_o goth_n in_o urbin_n to_o the_o messenger_n of_o belisarius_n and_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o scythian_n because_o they_o be_v a_o people_n notorious_o wicked_a be_v in_o all_o place_n repulse_v as_o polybius_n testify_v as_o concern_v the_o second_o cause_n i._n e._n from_o the_o person_n send_v a_o example_n we_o have_v in_o theodorus_n the_o atheist_n to_o who_o lysimachus_n refuse_v to_o give_v audience_n though_o he_o come_v as_o a_o ambassador_n from_o king_n ptolemy_n the_o like_a have_v be_v do_v to_o other_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o personal_a hatred_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o ground_n or_o reason_n of_o he_o that_o send_v be_v suspect_v to_o move_v sedition_n as_o be_v that_o of_o rabshakeh_n reject_v by_o hezekiah_n 18._o rabshakeh_n case_n 2_o king_n 18._o and_o the_o like_a or_o when_o the_o matter_n or_o form_n be_v not_o well_o suit_v to_o the_o digniâ—y_n of_o the_o person_n with_o who_o we_o treat_v or_o not_o so_o well_o time_v so_o the_o roman_n forbid_v the_o aetolian_n to_o send_v out_o any_o ambassador_n without_o their_o general_n permission_n and_o perseus_n be_v forbid_v from_o send_v any_o ambassador_n to_o rome_n but_o only_o to_o licinius_n so_o they_o command_v the_o ambassador_n of_o jugurtha_n to_o depart_v out_o of_o italy_n within_o ten_o day_n unless_o they_o come_v to_o deliver_v their_o king_n and_o kingdom_n into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_n so_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o command_v the_o ambassador_n send_v to_o denounce_v war_n against_o he_o from_o france_n venice_n and_o florence_n to_o be_v conduct_v to_o a_o place_n thirty_o mile_n distant_a from_o his_o court_n as_o guicciardine_n record_v it_o 18._o lib._n 18._o and_o thus_o may_v those_o ordinary_a ambassador_n which_o be_v constant_o resident_a in_o most_o court_n be_v worthy_o reject_v as_o unnecessary_a and_o a_o new_a upstart_n custom_n whereof_o former_a age_n be_v whole_o ignorant_a iv_o against_o such_o ambassador_n as_o raise_v sedition_n our_o defence_n be_v lawful_a but_o not_o their_o punishment_n concern_v the_o latter_a privilege_n of_o ambassador_n namely_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v molest_v the_o question_n be_v more_o arduous_a and_o knotty_a and_o by_o the_o best_a wit_n of_o this_o age_n various_o handle_v in_o the_o state_v whereof_o they_o have_v respect_n first_o to_o the_o person_n second_o to_o their_o attendant_n three_o to_o their_o good_n as_o to_o their_o person_n some_o think_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v protect_v against_o all_o unjust_a force_n only_o esteem_v their_o privilege_n to_o be_v understand_v of_o common_a right_n other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o person_n of_o emperor_n be_v not_o for_o every_o cause_n to_o be_v molest_v but_o only_o when_o they_o themselves_o do_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o open_v a_o door_n so_o wide_o that_o all_o delinquency_n be_v punishable_a in_o emperor_n except_o such_o as_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o in_o those_o commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v contain_v even_o those_o that_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n other_o do_v yet_o restrain_v this_o force_n to_o those_o who_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o act_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o against_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o be_v send_v which_o some_o think_v to_o be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n and_o therefore_o will_v have_v complaint_n make_v to_o he_o that_o send_v they_o and_o the_o ambassador_n send_v home_o to_o be_v by_o he_o punish_v other_o there_o be_v who_o think_v it_o fit_a in_o this_o case_n to_o appeal_v to_o other_o king_n and_o free_a state_n that_o be_v not_o concern_v desire_v their_o advice_n therein_o which_o indeed_o may_v stand_v with_o prudence_n but_o not_o to_o be_v impose_v upon_o we_o as_o a_o law_n the_o argument_n which_o every_o one_o of_o these_o do_v bring_v to_o strengthen_v their_o several_a opinion_n do_v conclude_v nothing_o certain_o because_o this_o right_n be_v not_o ground_v upon_o reason_n that_o be_v certain_a as_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v but_o it_o receive_v its_o bound_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n now_o the_o nation_n may_v either_o altogether_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o ambassador_n or_o with_o some_o certain_a exception_n for_o advantage_n may_v by_o either_o of_o these_o arise_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o this_o latter_a the_o punishment_n inflict_v upon_o such_o as_o notorious_o offend_v deter_v other_o and_o secure_v the_o peace_n of_o that_o nation_n by_o the_o former_a the_o profit_n arise_v to_o the_o state_n by_o embassy_n which_o be_v the_o more_o easy_o and_o willing_o undertake_v when_o the_o person_n send_v be_v encourage_v thereunto_o as_o know_v that_o the_o great_a care_n that_o can_v be_v be_v take_v for_o their_o security_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o observe_v how_o far_o forth_o the_o nation_n do_v agree_v in_o this_o point_n which_o can_v be_v evince_v by_o example_n alone_o for_o of_o these_o we_o have_v enough_o extant_a on_o either_o side_n we_o must_v therefore_o have_v recourse_n herein_o as_o well_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n as_o to_o our_o own_o most_o probable_a conjecture_n for_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n be_v guide_v by_o two_o notable_a precedent_n one_o out_o of_o livy_n the_o other_o out_o of_o sallust_n that_o out_o of_o livy_n by_o the_o ambassador_n of_o tarquin_n who_o pretend_v only_o to_o treat_v with_o the_o senate_n about_o some_o of_o tarquine_n good_n but_o be_v find_v conspire_v with_o the_o citizen_n to_o betray_v the_o city_n and_o when_o it_o be_v move_v in_o the_o senate_n what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o it_o be_v at_o length_n resolve_v on_o that_o though_o they_o deserve_v to_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o enemy_n yet_o valuit_fw-la jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la the_o law_n of_o nation_n must_v be_v preserve_v whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n protection_n be_v due_a unto_o ambassador_n though_o they_o shall_v be_v find_v plot_v against_o the_o state_n they_o be_v send_v unto_o that_o in_o sallust_n do_v more_o immediate_o respect_v the_o concomitant_n of_o ambassador_n than_o ambassador_n themselves_o and_o yet_o by_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o that_o which_o be_v less_o credible_a to_o that_o which_o be_v more_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v what_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n allow_v to_o ambassador_n in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a sallust_n speak_v of_o bomilcar_n who_o come_v to_o rome_n as_o a_o assistant_n in_o the_o embassage_n but_o be_v find_v stir_v up_o the_o citizen_n to_o rebellion_n say_v thus_o fit_a reus_fw-la magis_fw-la ex_fw-la aequo_fw-la bonoque_fw-la quam_fw-la ex_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la he_o be_v make_v guilty_a rather_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n than_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n where_o by_o aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n which_o require_v that_o he_o that_o do_v evil_a shall_v suffer_v for_o it_o be_v find_v but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n except_v from_o this_o general_a rule_n ambassador_n and_o such_o as_o like_o they_o come_v upon_o the_o security_n of_o the_o public_a faith_n wherefore_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o ambassador_n shall_v be_v hold_v guilty_a as_o many_o other_o thing_n be_v which_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n our_o conjecture_n also_o may_v be_v thus_o guide_v most_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o privilege_n grant_v to_o ambassador_n be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o what_o be_v due_a unto_o other_o by_o common_a right_n but_o in_o case_n they_o be_v no_o long_o to_o be_v secure_v than_o whilst_o they_o live_v regular_o what_o have_v they_o more_o than_o other_o beside_o the_o benefit_n that_o
wherefore_o in_o case_n any_o heinous_a crime_n be_v commit_v by_o they_o they_o be_v require_v to_o be_v deliver_v up_o by_o the_o ambassador_n to_o punishment_n but_o they_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o force_n which_o when_o once_o do_v by_o the_o achaian_n who_o seize_v upon_o some_o lacedaemonian_n who_o attend_v upon_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n the_o roman_n present_o cry_v out_o that_o they_o have_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereunto_o also_o we_o may_v refer_v the_o judgement_n of_o sallust_n concern_v bomilcar_n which_o we_o have_v former_o quote_v but_o if_o the_o ambassador_n shall_v refuse_v to_o deliver_v he_o than_o we_o be_v to_o proceed_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v before_o prescribe_v against_o the_o ambassador_n himself_o but_o whether_o the_o ambassador_n have_v jurisdiction_n over_o his_o own_o family_n or_o whether_o his_o house_n be_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v fly_v unto_o it_o for_o refuge_n depend_v upon_o the_o pleasure_n of_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v send_v for_o this_o belong_v not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ix_o and_o to_o their_o movable_a good_n the_o movable_a good_n also_o of_o a_o ambassador_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o shall_v appertain_v to_o his_o person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v receive_v in_o pawn_n or_o attach_v for_o any_o debt_n neither_o by_o any_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n nor_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o which_o some_o hold_n as_o the_o true_a opinion_n for_o no_o force_n or_o compulsion_n must_v be_v by_o any_o mean_n use_v against_o he_o or_o he_o that_o so_o he_o may_v enjoy_v a_o absolute_a and_o perfect_a security_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v contract_v any_o debt_n and_o have_v no_o real_a estate_n as_o it_o usual_o fall_v out_o he_o must_v only_o be_v fair_o entreat_v to_o discharge_v they_o which_o if_o he_o refuse_v then_o be_v he_o that_o send_v he_o to_o be_v likewise_o entreat_v to_o pay_v they_o but_o if_o neither_o will_v do_v it_o then_o in_o the_o last_o place_n we_o must_v flee_v to_o such_o remedy_n as_o be_v provide_v against_o such_o debtor_n as_o do_v reside_v in_o foreign_a country_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o breach_n of_o their_o privilege_n that_o their_o coffer_n be_v search_v at_o their_o first_o entrance_n in_o case_n it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n whereunto_o they_o be_v send_v as_o it_o happen_v to_o sir_n thomas_n chaloner_n in_o spain_n who_o complain_v thereof_o to_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o desire_v to_o be_v recall_v 1561._o cambden_n eliz._n anno_fw-la 1561._o be_v prudent_o answer_v by_o that_o most_o wise_a queen_n that_o a_o ambassador_n shall_v take_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a part_n so_o as_o his_o prince_n honour_n be_v not_o direct_o violate_v x._o example_n where_o there_o be_v obligation_n but_o no_o power_n to_o compel_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o cause_n to_o fear_v as_o some_o may_v imagine_v that_o if_o the_o case_n be_v thus_o with_o ambassador_n no_o man_n will_v trust_v they_o or_o make_v any_o contract_n with_o they_o for_o the_o king_n himself_o though_o he_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o any_o thing_n yet_o never_o want_v creditor_n if_o they_o give_v good_a price_n and_o among_o some_o nation_n as_o damascen_n inform_v we_o it_o be_v customable_a that_o as_o to_o such_o debt_n as_o be_v contract_v upon_o trust_n there_o be_v no_o remedy_n provide_v by_o law_n no_o more_o than_o there_o be_v against_o man_n that_o be_v ungrateful_a so_o that_o man_n in_o those_o part_n be_v compel_v either_o to_o pay_v ready_o for_o what_o they_o buy_v and_o on_o both_o side_n to_o fulfil_v alike_o all_o their_o agreement_n or_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o bare_a faith_n and_o credit_n of_o the_o debtor_n seneca_n seem_v to_o envy_v the_o happiness_n of_o those_o country_n by_o wish_v the_o same_o custom_n in_o all_o place_n 15._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 3._o c._n 15._o i_o will_v to_o god_n say_v he_o that_o we_o can_v persuade_v all_o people_n that_o money_n lend_v upon_o credit_n shall_v be_v recover_v only_o from_o those_o man_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o pay_v and_o that_o no_o stipulation_n shall_v bind_v the_o buyer_n to_o the_o seller_n and_o that_o no_o write_a contract_n or_o covenant_n under_o hand_n and_o seal_n shall_v be_v preserve_v but_o rather_o that_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o faith_n and_o honesty_n of_o the_o debtor_n appian_n relate_v of_o the_o persian_n that_o they_o hate_v the_o borrow_n of_o money_n as_o be_v a_o inlet_n to_o fraud_n falshood_n and_o perjury_n 15._o lib._n 4._o lib._n 15._o and_o aelian_a report_n the_o very_a same_o of_o the_o indian_n with_o who_o agree_v strabo_n in_o these_o word_n judicia_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la nisi_fw-la de_fw-la caede_fw-la &_o injuria_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o judicatory_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o murder_n and_o injury_n do_v because_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o man_n to_o avoid_v these_o but_o as_o to_o contract_n and_o agreement_n it_o be_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o every_o man_n to_o make_v they_o or_o to_o refuse_v they_o and_o therefore_o if_o any_o man_n break_v his_o faith_n with_o we_o we_o be_v to_o bear_v it_o patient_o and_o to_o learn_v rather_o to_o be_v wise_a in_o take_v heed_n before_o hand_n who_o we_o trust_v than_o by_o our_o folly_n to_o fill_v the_o city_n we_o live_v in_o with_o lawsuit_n it_o be_v also_o wise_o enact_v by_o charonda_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v have_v his_o action_n at_o law_n against_o that_o man_n who_o faith_n he_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v for_o the_o price_n of_o what_o he_o sell_v he_o which_o plato_n likewise_o approve_v of_o 15._o l._n 8._o de_fw-fr leg._n mor._n nic._n 8._o 15._o this_o be_v also_o observe_v by_o aristotle_n in_o some_o country_n say_v he_o there_o be_v no_o recover_v of_o such_o debt_n by_o lawsuit_n for_o they_o conceive_v that_o man_n ought_v to_o acquiesce_v and_o to_o be_v content_v with_o the_o faith_n of_o that_o man_n who_o they_o think_v worthy_a to_o be_v trust_v 1._o mor._n l._n 9_o c._n 1._o so_o in_o another_o place_n some_o country_n there_o be_v where_o the_o law_n do_v forbid_v a_o man_n to_o recover_v by_o law_n that_o which_o he_o have_v trust_v upon_o the_o faith_n of_o another_o as_o if_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v make_v any_o contract_n and_o on_o who_o faith_n we_o have_v take_v be_v private_o only_a to_o be_v deal_v with_o those_o argument_n which_o from_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v bring_v against_o this_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v not_o unto_o our_o ambassador_n but_o unto_o such_o as_o be_v send_v from_o province_n or_o from_o particular_a city_n xi_o profane_a history_n be_v full_a of_o the_o example_n of_o war_n undertake_v for_o the_o affront_v offer_v to_o ambassador_n and_o in_o the_o sacred_a story_n we_o read_v of_o a_o war_n make_v by_o king_n david_n against_o the_o ammonite_n upon_o that_o ground_n neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o cause_n more_o just_a as_o cicero_n plead_v against_o king_n mithridates_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o right_n of_o burial_n i._o from_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n arise_v the_o right_a of_o bury_v the_o dead_a ii_o whence_o this_o spring_n iii_o it_o be_v due_a even_o to_o enemy_n iv_o whether_o to_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o wicked_a v._o whether_o to_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o vi_o what_o other_o thing_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n due_a i._o from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n arise_v the_o right_a of_o burial_n from_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v voluntary_a arise_v the_o right_a of_o bury_v the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a dion_z chrysostome_n among_o those_o custom_n which_o he_o oppose_v to_o write_v law_n place_v this_o of_o burial_n next_o to_o the_o right_n due_a to_o ambassador_n and_o seneca_n the_o father_n among_o those_o law_n that_o be_v unwritten_a which_o yet_o be_v more_o firm_a and_o bind_v than_o those_o that_o be_v write_v insert_v this_o of_o the_o interment_n of_o the_o dead_a the_o hebrew_n historiographer_n philo_n and_o josephus_n term_v this_o the_o right_a of_o nature_n and_o isidore_n pelusiota_n one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v very_o usual_a with_o they_o to_o comprehend_v all_o such_o custom_n as_o be_v common_a among_o all_o nation_n and_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a reason_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v and_o no_o marvel_n 19_o epist_n ult_n edit_fw-la 491._o lib._n 12._o lib._n 13._o hist_o 8._o 19_o see_v that_o as_o aelian_a speak_v the_o burial_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v a_o thing_n command_v even_o by_o nature_n
qualemcunque_fw-la mortuum_n terra_fw-la condi_fw-la fas_fw-la sit_fw-la because_o it_o be_v always_o think_v a_o act_n of_o piety_n to_o inter_v all_o dead_a body_n whosesoever_o they_o be_v wherefore_o according_a to_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n the_o high_a priest_n though_o otherwise_o forbid_v to_o be_v present_a at_o any_o funeral_n yet_o notwithstanding_o if_o a_o man_n be_v find_v dead_a and_o unburied_a he_o be_v even_o himself_o command_v to_o bury_v he_o the_o very_a same_o be_v enjoin_v by_o the_o pontificial_a law_n among_o the_o roman_n as_o servius_n note_v christian_n have_v so_o high_a a_o esteem_n of_o this_o duty_n that_o for_o this_o cause_n as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o the_o redemption_n of_o captive_n they_o have_v think_v it_o lawful_a to_o melt_v down_o their_o consecrate_a plate_n and_o to_o sell_v it_o there_o be_v also_o example_n that_o may_v be_v bring_v for_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n but_o such_o as_o be_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o most_o and_o best_a man_n condemn_v hunc_fw-la oro_fw-la defend_v furorem_fw-la say_v virgil_n which_o servius_n thus_o expound_v o_o keep_v i_o from_o this_o rage_n i_o pray_v i._n e._n from_o that_o malice_n which_o rage_v even_o after_o death_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o claudian_n hominemque_fw-la cruentus_fw-la exuit_fw-la &_o teneum_fw-la caesis_fw-la invidit_fw-la arenam_fw-la bloody_z be_v they_o want_v humanity_n who_o to_o the_o slay_v a_o little_a dust_n deny_v wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o diodorus_n siculus_n ferinum_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la mortuis_fw-la qui_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la sunt_fw-la naturae_fw-la geritur_fw-la to_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o dead_a who_o be_v late_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o ourselves_o be_v brutish_a cruelty_n iv_o whether_o to_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o wicked_a but_o yet_o as_o concern_v such_o notorious_a malefactor_n as_o have_v deserve_v death_n and_o according_a unto_o law_n have_v suffer_v there_o be_v some_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o divine_a law_n give_v to_o the_o hebrew_n which_o as_o it_o be_v our_o guide_n and_o directrix_fw-la to_o all_o other_o virtue_n so_o be_v it_o to_o this_o of_o humanity_n also_o do_v command_v that_o such_o as_o be_v hang_v on_o the_o gallow_n which_o be_v a_o death_n very_o ignominious_a among_o they_o as_o appear_v numb_a 25.4_o and_o deut._n 21.23_o shall_v be_v bury_v the_o same_o day_n whence_o josephus_n affirm_v 21.26_o 2_o sam._n 21.26_o that_o so_o great_a be_v the_o care_n that_o the_o jew_n take_v of_o burial_n that_o they_o take_v down_o the_o body_n even_o of_o those_o that_o be_v public_o execute_v before_o the_o sun_n go_v down_o and_o bequeath_v they_o to_o the_o earth_n and_o as_o other_o of_o the_o jewish_a interpreter_n add_v this_o they_o do_v in_o reverence_n only_o to_o the_o image_n of_o god_n whereunto_o man_n be_v create_v homer_n record_v that_o aegysthus_n who_o to_o the_o sin_n of_o adultery_n have_v accumulate_v another_o sin_n 3._o odyss_n 3._o even_o that_o of_o the_o king_n murder_n be_v himself_o afterward_o slay_v be_v notwithstanding_o by_o orestes_n the_o slay_a king_n son_n bury_v yea_o and_o among_o the_o roman_n ulpian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o body_n of_o such_o as_o be_v put_v to_o death_n as_o malefactor_n can_v not_o be_v deny_v their_o kinsman_n if_o they_o require_v they_o yea_o they_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o body_n else_o that_o will_v ask_v they_o as_o paulus_n understand_v it_o neither_o do_v those_o cruel_a emperor_n dioclesian_n and_o maximilian_n forbid_v burial_n to_o any_o though_o guilty_a of_o the_o great_a crime_n and_o according_o punish_a hos_fw-la sepulturae_fw-la tradi_fw-la non_fw-la vetamus_fw-la be_v the_o answer_n of_o both_o of_o they_o we_o do_v not_o forbid_v these_o to_o be_v bury_v the_o like_a custom_n there_o be_v among_o the_o roman_n as_o philo_z testify_v against_o flaccus_n yet_o example_n we_o have_v also_o of_o some_o who_o have_v be_v cast_v out_o unbury_v but_o this_o be_v more_o frequent_o do_v in_o civil_a than_o in_o foreign_a war_n and_o though_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n among_o we_o to_o hang_v notoriours_n offender_n in_o chain_n to_o deter_v other_o yet_o whether_o this_o be_v commendable_a or_o not_o commendable_a the_o hang_a man_n in_o chain_n whether_o commendable_a be_v much_o dispute_v not_o only_o by_o politician_n but_o divine_n on_o the_o contrary_a we_o find_v they_o high_o commend_v who_o have_v themselves_o cause_v those_o body_n to_o be_v bury_v which_o they_o will_v not_o permit_v other_o to_o bury_v as_o pausanias_n king_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o be_v provoke_v by_o the_o aegeneti_n to_o retaliate_v what_o the_o persian_n have_v before_o do_v against_o leonides_n reject_v their_o counsel_n as_o unworthy_a of_o he_o or_o indeed_o the_o name_n of_o a_o grecian_a papinius_n bring_v in_o theseus_n bespeak_v creon_n thus_o vade_fw-la atra_fw-la daturus_fw-la supplicia_fw-la extremique_fw-la tamen_fw-la secure_a sepulchri_fw-la torment_n extreme_a go_v and_o endure_v yet_o of_o a_o sepulchre_n be_v thou_o secure_a josephus_n record_v it_o of_o the_o pharisee_n 24._o ant._n l._n 13._o c._n 24._o that_o they_o give_v a_o most_o sumptuous_a funeral_n to_o their_o king_n alexander_n jannaeus_n notwithstanding_o his_o barbarous_a cruelty_n exercise_v over_o the_o body_n of_o his_o dead_a countryman_n and_o though_o god_n have_v sometime_o punish_v some_o person_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o burial_n as_o he_o do_v jehoiakim_n and_o jezebel_n 22.19_o jer._n 22.19_o yet_o this_o he_o do_v by_o his_o own_o most_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v not_o bind_v up_o by_o any_o law_n but_o that_o only_a of_o his_o own_o will._n and_o whereas_o david_n keep_v the_o head_n of_o goliath_n 21.23_o 1_o king_n 21.23_o to_o show_v as_o a_o monument_n of_o his_o victory_n it_o be_v do_v upon_o a_o stranger_n a_o contemner_n of_o the_o true_a god_n and_o under_o that_o law_n where_o by_o the_o word_n neighbour_n none_o be_v include_v but_o the_o hebrew_n only_o v._o whether_o to_o those_o that_o kill_v themselves_o there_o remain_v yet_o one_o thing_n worthy_a our_o observation_n concern_v the_o burial_n of_o the_o dead_a namely_o that_o the_o jew_n as_o zealous_a as_o they_o be_v for_o this_o duty_n yet_o will_v not_o vouchsafe_v this_o honour_n to_o those_o who_o kill_v themselves_o and_o no_o marvel_n as_o josephus_n well_o observe_v 25._o observe_v ant._n lih_o 3._o c._n 25._o since_o no_o other_o punishment_n can_v possible_o be_v inflict_v upon_o those_o who_o esteem_v death_n itself_o to_o be_v none_o the_o milesian_n virgin_n as_o plutarch_n report_v be_v all_o at_o once_o surprise_v with_o a_o violent_a fit_n of_o melancholy_a and_o in_o a_o humour_n will_v needs_o die_v virt_n die_v a._n gell._n l._n 15._o c._n 10._o plut._n de_fw-fr mul._n virt_n no_o man_n know_v the_o cause_n why_o many_o of_o they_o notwithstanding_o all_o persuasion_n and_o care_v take_v of_o they_o do_v strangle_v themselves_o and_o other_o daily_o attempt_v to_o do_v the_o like_a be_v prevent_v at_o length_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o a_o grave_a senator_n virgin_n the_o milesian_n virgin_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o all_o that_o be_v find_v so_o hang_v shall_v be_v strip_v naked_a and_o with_o the_o same_o cord_n be_v first_o drag_v through_o the_o street_n hang_v in_o the_o market_n place_n and_o expose_v to_o public_a view_n the_o fear_n of_o shame_n be_v strong_a than_o the_o fear_n of_o death_n after_o this_o law_n make_v none_o be_v ever_o find_v so_o regardless_o of_o her_o honour_n as_o to_o attempt_v such_o a_o act._n servius_n upon_o the_o twelve_o of_o virgil_n aenead_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n ut_fw-la qui_fw-la laqueo_fw-la vitam_fw-la finisset_fw-la insepultus_fw-la abjiceretur_fw-la that_o whosoever_o hang_v himself_o shall_v be_v cast_v out_o unbury_v and_o very_o frequent_v it_o be_v among_o most_o nation_n 55._o nic._n 55._o to_o inflict_v some_o brand_n of_o infamy_n upon_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o as_o aristotle_n note_v which_o place_n andronicus_n rhodius_n expound_v say_v that_o they_o be_v prohibit_v burial_n which_o law_n dion_n chrysostome_n high_o commend_v among_o many_o other_o enact_v by_o demonassa_n queen_n of_o cyprus_n clesephontem_n aesch_n in_o clesephontem_n at_o athens_n in_o the_o time_n of_o aeschines_n he_o that_o kill_v himself_o have_v his_o hand_n bury_v apart_o from_o his_o body_n neither_o be_v it_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o object_v with_o homer_n aeschyluâ—_n and_o other_o that_o the_o dead_a feel_v nothing_o either_o of_o pain_n or_o shame_n for_o no_o malefactor_n be_v put_v to_o death_n simple_o because_o he_o have_v sin_v but_o in_o regard_n that_o his_o death_n strike_v a_o terror_n into_o other_o quod_fw-la mortuis_fw-la accidit_fw-la à _fw-la vivis_fw-la metuitur_fw-la what_o happen_v to_o the_o
to_o god_n express_v command_v yet_o this_o he_o confident_o assert_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o destroy_v himself_o to_o avoid_v either_o the_o torment_n of_o this_o life_n lest_o he_o incur_v those_o infinite_o great_a in_o the_o life_n to_o come_v or_o to_o prevent_v sin_n in_o another_o lest_o he_o contract_v a_o worse_o in_o himself_o or_o for_o sin_n already_o past_a which_o require_v a_o large_a time_n to_o repent_v of_o or_o out_o of_o a_o impatient_a thirst_n after_o immortality_n because_o he_o that_o be_v guilty_a of_o his_o own_o death_n must_v not_o expect_v hereafter_o a_o better_a life_n 16._o de_fw-fr civ_o dei_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 16._o and_o yet_o elsewhere_o speak_v of_o those_o who_o to_o preserve_v their_o chastity_n kill_v themselves_o he_o add_v who_o can_v be_v so_o void_a of_o humanity_n as_o not_o to_o forgive_v they_o among_o the_o grecian_n also_o there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o man_n exempt_v from_o burial_n which_o custom_n the_o locrian_o object_n against_o the_o phocenses_n 16._o diod._n l._n 16._o say_v that_o it_o be_v general_o observe_v through_o all_o greece_n that_o sacrilegious_a person_n shall_v be_v cast_v out_o unbury_v the_o like_a do_v dion_n prusaeensis_n report_n of_o such_o as_o be_v atheist_n and_o notorious_o impious_a and_o the_o very_a same_o punishment_n be_v ordain_v at_o athens_n against_o such_o as_o be_v traitor_n as_o plutarch_n testify_v but_o nicetas_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o alexius_n the_o brother_n of_o isaacius_n have_v declare_v the_o death_n of_o joannes_n comnenus_n crassus_n who_o raise_v sedition_n and_o affect_v the_o empire_n say_v that_o they_o afterward_o expose_v his_o body_n to_o be_v devour_v by_o bird_n and_o beast_n which_o be_v a_o act_n void_a of_o humanity_n and_o savour_v too_o much_o of_o a_o brutish_a cruelty_n but_o that_o i_o may_v retreat_v to_o what_o be_v first_o intend_v all_o ancient_a writer_n do_v unanimous_o accord_v in_o this_o that_o a_o war_n may_v be_v just_o undertake_v for_o deny_v burial_n to_o the_o dead_a as_o may_v clear_o appear_v by_o the_o story_n of_o theseus_n which_o be_v record_v by_o euripides_n and_o isocrates_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v vi_o some_o other_o thing_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n there_o be_v also_o other_o thing_n which_o by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v due_a as_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v long_o possess_v succession_n to_o he_o that_o die_v intestate_a and_o such_o thing_n as_o we_o hold_v by_o contract_n though_o very_o unequal_a for_o all_o these_o though_o they_o have_v in_o some_o measure_n their_o rise_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n yet_o do_v they_o receive_v confirmation_n by_o humane_a law_n whether_o against_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o conjecture_n or_o against_o some_o exception_n which_o otherwise_o natural_a reason_n may_v haply_o suggest_v as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n chap._n xx._n of_o punishment_n i._o the_o definition_n and_o original_n of_o punishment_n ii_o that_o they_o appertain_v to_o commutative_a justice_n and_o how_o iii_o it_o natural_o belong_v to_o no_o one_o person_n but_o may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v exact_v by_o any_o that_o have_v not_o alike_o offend_v iv_o among_o man_n the_o end_n of_o punish_v be_v for_o some_o benefit_n but_o otherwise_o with_o god_n and_o why_o v._o in_o what_o sense_n revenge_n be_v natural_o unlawful_a vi_o the_o profit_n arise_v from_o punishment_n threefold_a vii_o as_o it_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o the_o delinquent_n it_o may_v natural_o be_v exact_v by_o any_o yet_o with_o a_o distinction_n viii_o so_o also_o as_o it_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o the_o person_n injure_v and_o of_o lawful_a revenge_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ix_o and_o also_o as_o it_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o every_o man_n x._o what_o the_o gospel_n require_v as_o to_o this_o matter_n xi_o the_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n set_v forth_o in_o the_o gospel_n answer_v xii_o another_o concern_v the_o cut_n off_o the_o opportunity_n of_o repentance_n answer_v xiii_o a_o imperfect_a division_n of_o punishment_n reject_v fourteen_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a for_o private_a christian_n to_o exact_a punishment_n even_o where_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n allow_v it_o xv._o or_o to_o accuse_v any_o man_n willing_o xvi_o or_o to_o affect_v capital_a punishment_n xvii_o whether_o those_o humane_a law_n that_o permit_v the_o kill_n of_o a_o man_n as_o a_o punishment_n give_v he_o a_o right_a or_o only_a impunity_n except_o by_o distinction_n xviii_o internal_a act_n not_o punishable_a by_o man_n xix_o nor_o such_o external_a as_o humane_a infirmity_n can_v avoid_v xx._n nor_o such_o act_n as_o neither_o direct_o nor_o indirect_o do_v hurt_v to_o humane_a society_n and_o why_o xxi_o the_o opinion_n that_o punishment_n be_v never_o to_o be_v remit_v reject_v xxii_o that_o they_o may_v be_v remit_v before_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v pass_v xxiii_o yet_o not_o always_o xxiv_o yea_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a xxv_o what_o probable_a intrinsic_a cause_n justify_v the_o do_n of_o it_o xxvi_o what_o cause_n extrinsical_a xxvii_o the_o opinion_n that_o no_o dispensation_n be_v to_o be_v grant_v for_o any_o cause_n but_o what_o be_v tacit_o except_v in_o the_o law_n reject_v xxviii_o punishment_n inflict_v for_o some_o merit_n xxix_o where_o respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o cause_n impel_v which_o be_v compare_v one_o with_o another_o xxx_o as_o also_o the_o cause_n which_o shall_v withdraw_v we_o and_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n that_o concern_v our_o neighbour_n and_o some_o other_o matter_n xxxi_o of_o the_o propensity_n of_o the_o offender_n to_o either_o which_o have_v divers_a respect_n xxxii_o that_o the_o merit_n of_o punishment_n may_v extend_v to_o a_o great_a harm_n than_o that_o which_o the_o offender_n intend_v and_o why_o xxxiii_o a_o harmoniacal_a proportion_n in_o punishment_n reject_v xxxiv_o that_o punishment_n ought_v to_o be_v mitigate_v out_o of_o charity_n unless_o a_o great_a charity_n forbid_v xxxv_o the_o facility_n of_o sin_v how_o it_o incite_v to_o punishment_n also_o custom_n how_o it_o incite_v or_o dissuade_v from_o punish_v xxxvi_o of_o what_o use_n clemency_n be_v in_o the_o mitigate_a of_o punishment_n xxxvii_o what_o the_o hebrew_n or_o roman_n have_v respect_n to_o in_o punishment_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o place_n above_o mention_v xxxviii_o of_o war_n make_v for_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n thirty-nine_o whether_o war_n make_v for_o the_o punishment_n of_o injury_n begin_v be_v just_a explain_v by_o distinction_n xl._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o king_n or_o state_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o such_o as_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n though_o they_o have_v commit_v nothing_o against_o they_o or_o their_o subject_n and_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v not_o necessary_a natural_o to_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n xli_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n distinguish_v from_o civil_a custom_n large_o take_v xlii_o and_o from_o the_o voluntary_a divine_a law_n not_o yet_o know_v to_o all_o nation_n xliii_o as_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o which_o be_v manifest_a be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o be_v not_o xliv_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v make_v for_o sin_n commit_v against_o god_n only_o xlv_o of_o some_o common_a notion_n of_o god_n which_o and_o how_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o decalogue_n xlvi_o the_o first_o infringer_n of_o these_o punishable_a xlvii_o but_o not_o other_o as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n xlviii_o that_o war_n be_v not_o just_o to_o be_v make_v upon_o any_o only_o for_o refuse_v to_o embrace_v christian_a religion_n xlix_o war_n may_v just_o be_v make_v against_o they_o that_o persecute_v christian_n as_o such_o l._n but_o not_o against_o such_o christian_n as_o do_v misunderstand_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n illustrate_v by_o authority_n and_o example_n li._n but_o may_v and_o that_o just_o against_o those_o that_o be_v impious_a against_o such_o as_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v go_n i._o the_o definition_n of_o punishment_n above_o when_o we_o begin_v to_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o war_n we_o consider_v man_n deed_n in_o a_o twofold_a respect_n either_o as_o the_o wrong_n they_o do_v may_v be_v repair_v or_o as_o it_o may_v be_v punish_v concern_v the_o former_a we_o have_v sufficient_o speak_v we_o come_v now_o to_o the_o latter_a which_o be_v punishment_n which_o we_o shall_v the_o more_o accurate_o discuss_v for_o as_o much_o as_o its_o origine_fw-la and_o nature_n be_v misunderstand_v have_v give_v occasion_n to_o many_o error_n punishment_n in_o its_o general_a acceptation_n be_v malum_fw-la passionis_fw-la quod_fw-la infligitur_fw-la ob_fw-la malum_fw-la actionis_fw-la the_o evil_a
do_v the_o wrong_n second_o by_o take_v away_o from_o he_o the_o power_n to_o do_v wrong_n or_o three_o by_o deter_v he_o from_o do_v any_o further_a wrong_n by_o the_o sharpness_n of_o his_o punishment_n which_o be_v conjoin_v with_o reformation_n whereof_o we_o have_v just_a now_o already_o discourse_v but_o to_o be_v secure_v from_o other_o by_o the_o punishment_n of_o he_o who_o have_v offend_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o say_a punishment_n be_v public_a and_o conspicuous_a which_o appertain_v to_o exemplary_a punishment_n whereof_o more_o anon_o now_o if_o our_o desire_n of_o revenge_n though_o private_a be_v direct_v to_o these_o end_n only_o and_o can_v be_v empale_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o equity_n if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o bare_a law_n of_o nature_n first_o abstract_v from_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n and_o from_o those_o other_o occurrent_n which_o do_v not_o necessary_o happen_v to_o the_o thing_n it_o be_v not_o unlawful_a whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o person_n injure_v or_o by_o another_o see_v it_o be_v natural_a for_o one_o man_n to_o help_v another_o 2._o de_fw-fr invent._n lib._n 2._o in_o which_o sense_n may_v that_o of_o cicero_n be_v admit_v where_o he_o define_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v that_o which_o consist_v not_o in_o opinion_n or_o custom_n but_o in_o that_o which_o nature_n itself_o suggest_v unto_o we_o where_o also_o among_o other_o example_n he_o place_v this_o of_o vindication_n which_o he_o there_o oppose_v to_o grace_n or_o pardon_n and_o lest_o any_o man_n shall_v question_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o word_n he_o define_v it_o to_o be_v that_o whereby_o we_o defend_v both_o ourselves_o and_o those_o who_o ought_v to_o be_v dear_a unto_o we_o from_o force_n and_o calumny_n by_o a_o just_a revenge_n or_o whereby_o we_o punish_v offence_n mithridates_n in_o that_o oration_n which_o justin_n extract_v out_o of_o trogus_n speak_v thus_o against_o thief_n all_o man_n ought_v to_o draw_v their_o sword_n if_o not_o for_o their_o safety_n yet_o for_o their_o revenge_n which_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o aratus_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o law_n of_o revenge_n by_o this_o natural_a law_n samson_n justify_v himself_o against_o the_o philistine_n 15.3.7.11_o judg._n 15.3.7.11_o when_o they_o have_v provoke_v he_o by_o take_v away_o his_o wife_n and_o give_v she_o to_o another_o now_o say_v he_o shall_v i_o be_v more_o blameless_a than_o they_o though_o i_o do_v they_o a_o displeasure_n for_o he_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v just_a for_o he_o to_o injure_v they_o who_o have_v first_o provoke_v he_o by_o so_o great_a a_o injury_n and_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n he_o plead_v his_o own_o cause_n and_o defend_v himself_o for_o be_v demand_v by_o the_o man_n of_o judah_n what_o he_o have_v do_v against_o the_o philistine_n to_o provoke_v they_o he_o answer_v as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o i_o so_o have_v i_o do_v to_o they_o v._o 11._o finem_fw-la plut._n rom._n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la when_o the_o laurentines_n deliver_v up_o those_o that_o kill_v tatius_n to_o romulus_n to_o be_v punish_v he_o set_v they_o at_o liberty_n say_v that_o blood_n be_v to_o be_v expiate_v with_o blood_n intimate_v that_o because_o tatius_n have_v before_o slay_v their_o ambassador_n or_o at_o least_o connive_v at_o it_o it_o be_v but_o just_a that_o blood_n shall_v have_v blood_n for_o as_o belisarius_n in_o procopius_n note_n it_o be_v but_o natural_a to_o account_v he_o as_o my_o enemy_n who_o have_v by_o a_o assault_n wound_v i_o thus_o likewise_o the_o platean_n in_o thucydides_n plead_v for_o themselves_o in_o the_o like_a case_n we_o have_v deserve_o punish_v they_o say_v they_o for_o by_o that_o law_n that_o be_v in_o force_n among_o all_o man_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v revenge_v on_o those_o that_o first_o make_v war_n upon_o we_o 1._o vand._n 1._o demosthenes_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o aristocrates_n say_v that_o this_o law_n be_v common_a among_o all_o man_n to_o enforce_v satisfaction_n from_o they_o that_o have_v forcible_o take_v away_o our_o good_n from_o we_o and_o jugurtha_n in_o sallust_n have_v show_v how_o asdrubal_n have_v lay_v in_o wait_n for_o his_o life_n add_v that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n do_v that_o which_o be_v neither_o just_a nor_o right_a in_o forbid_v he_o that_o rigbt_v which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n allow_v he_o that_o be_v a_o just_a revenge_n and_o aristides_n the_o orator_n prove_v it_o by_o the_o authority_n both_o of_o poet_n lawyer_n proverb_n and_o orator_n that_o a_o revenge_n may_v be_v lawful_o take_v upon_o such_o as_o have_v first_o injure_v we_o st._n ambrose_n commend_v the_o maccabee_n for_o revenge_v the_o blood_n of_o their_o innocent_a brethren_n though_o it_o be_v on_o the_o sabbath_n and_o against_o the_o jew_n who_o bitter_o complain_v against_o the_o christian_n for_o burn_v their_o church_n he_o plead_v thus_o if_o i_o shall_v argue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i_o shall_v recount_v how_o many_o christian_a church_n the_o jew_n burn_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n julian_n thereby_o conclude_v that_o to_o requite_v like_a for_o like_a be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n thus_o do_v jonathan_n and_o his_o associate_n revenge_v the_o death_n of_o their_o brother_n john_n upon_o the_o nabathits_n as_o they_o be_v celebrate_v some_o great_a nuptial_n upon_o who_o he_o unexpected_o fall_v and_o slay_v both_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n as_o josephus_n inform_v we_o but_o because_o man_n be_v too_o partial_a judge_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n 1._o ant._n l._n 13._o c._n 1._o therefore_o that_o liberty_n which_o nature_n do_v at_o first_o indulge_v unto_o every_o man_n in_o vindicate_v his_o own_o quarrel_n be_v just_o take_v away_o and_o judge_n appoint_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o to_o help_v those_o to_o right_n who_o suffer_v wrong_a thus_o demosthenes_n plead_v against_o conon_n as_o for_o these_o injury_n it_o be_v think_v fit_a by_o our_o ancestor_n that_o they_o shall_v receive_v their_o punishment_n from_o the_o law_n and_o not_o from_o the_o rage_n and_o violence_n of_o every_o man_n will_n so_o do_v quintilian_n the_o compensate_n of_o a_o injury_n be_v not_o only_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n why_o law_n and_o magistrate_n ordain_v to_o punish_v offender_n and_o why_o but_o unto_o peace_n for_o there_o be_v law_n judge_n and_o court_n whereunto_o any_o man_n may_v appeal_v unless_o there_o be_v any_o that_o be_v ashamed_a to_o be_v vindicate_v by_o the_o law_n so_o likewise_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n and_o theodosius_n for_o this_o very_a cause_n be_v tribunal_n erect_v and_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o public_a law_n institute_v lest_o any_o man_n shall_v arrogate_v to_o himself_o the_o liberty_n to_o revenge_v his_o own_o quarrel_n so_o king_n theodorick_n from_o hence_o do_v the_o law_n challenge_v from_o we_o a_o sacred_a reverence_n that_o no_o revenge_n may_v be_v take_v by_o our_o own_o hand_n nor_o any_o thing_n do_v against_o our_o enemy_n by_o the_o sudden_a impulse_n of_o our_o own_o passion_n for_o how_o inconvenient_a this_o will_v be_v be_v evident_a by_o that_o plea_n of_o tindarus_n against_o orestes_n this_o if_o thou_o suffer_v menelau_n '_o i_o ask_v if_o the_o angry_a wife_n her_o husband_n blood_n shall_v spill_v and_o in_o revenge_n the_o son_n his_o mother_n kill_v and_o if_o her_o blood_n can_v be_v wash_v away_o without_o fresh_a blood_n where_o will_v these_o mischief_n stay_v which_o word_n of_o euripides_n be_v full_a of_o prudence_n do_v abundant_o supply_v both_o philosopher_n and_o orator_n with_o matter_n of_o argument_n maximus_fw-la tyrius_n in_o his_o dissertation_n concern_v the_o retaliate_a of_o injury_n speak_v thus_o a_o good_a man_n will_v neither_o do_v a_o injury_n nor_o suffer_v one_o not_o do_v one_o i_o mean_v willing_o nor_o suffer_v one_o because_o he_o magnanimous_o slight_v all_o that_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o if_o to_o infer_v a_o injury_n be_v wicked_a sure_o to_o return_v one_o be_v somewhat_o like_o it_o for_o although_o he_o that_o wrong_v another_o in_o that_o he_o give_v the_o first_o offence_n commit_v the_o great_a fault_n yet_o he_o that_o requite_v that_o injury_n because_o he_o be_v please_v with_o revenge_n be_v alike_o wicked_a for_o if_o he_o that_o do_v his_o neighbour_n wrong_v do_v evil_a sure_o he_o that_o return_v that_o evil_a be_v not_o the_o less_o evil_a because_o he_o do_v it_o in_o revenge_n and_o a_o little_a after_o quis_fw-la erit_fw-la unquam_fw-la injuriarum_fw-la finis_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o it_o be_v grant_v say_v he_o that_o a_o good_a man_n have_v receive_v a_o injury_n may_v revenge_v it_o then_o may_v he_o that_o suffer_v that_o revenge_n as_o just_o return_v it_o for_o on_o both_o
be_v about_o word_n only_o which_o a_o philosopher_n shall_v principal_o avoid_v for_o as_o he_o that_o write_v to_o herennius_n true_o note_n vitiosum_fw-la est_fw-la controversiam_fw-la intendere_fw-la propter_fw-la nominum_fw-la mutationem_fw-la 2._o lib._n 2._o to_o heighten_v controversy_n about_o the_o change_n of_o name_n be_v vicious_a and_o as_o st_n augustine_n argue_v against_o the_o academic_n turpe_fw-la est_fw-la disputationibus_fw-la in_o verborum_fw-la quaestione_fw-la immorari_fw-la cùm_fw-la certamen_fw-la nullum_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la remanserit_fw-la it_o be_v absurd_a to_o contest_v about_o word_n only_o when_o there_o remain_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o about_o thing_n xxiv_o yea_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n but_o the_o pardon_v of_o offence_n after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a seem_v to_o be_v more_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o integrity_n of_o a_o prince_n because_o he_o that_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n bind_v up_o by_o his_o own_o law_n which_o be_v true_a as_o the_o lawmaker_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o city_n and_o as_o so_o only_o consider_v but_o not_o as_o he_o sustain_v the_o authority_n 12._o vid._n sup_v c._n 4._o sect._n 12._o and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o as_o such_o he_o may_v take_v away_o even_o the_o whole_a law_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o humane_a law_n be_v such_o that_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n not_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o institution_n only_o but_o of_o its_o continuation_n they_o humane_a law_n alterable_a by_o he_o that_o make_v they_o but_o in_o case_n he_o do_v subvert_v or_o take_v away_o any_o law_n without_o some_o probable_a reason_n or_o cause_n he_o sin_n against_o the_o rule_n of_o polity_n but_o as_o he_o may_v take_v away_o the_o whole_a law_n so_o also_o may_v he_o take_v away_o the_o condemn_a power_n of_o the_o law_n as_o to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n or_o to_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a fact_n the_o same_o law_n remain_v in_o force_n as_o to_o other_o by_o the_o example_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o as_o lactantius_n observe_v when_o he_o institute_v law_n for_o man_n do_v not_o intend_v to_o deprive_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n of_o pardon_v such_o as_o shall_v offend_v against_o those_o law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o prince_n to_o revoke_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n and_o to_o absolve_v a_o person_n though_o condemn_v to_o die_v say_v st_n augustine_n whereof_o he_o add_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n quia_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la subjectus_fw-la legibus_fw-la qui_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o potestate_fw-la leges_fw-la far_o because_o he_o be_v not_o subject_a unto_o law_n in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o magistrate_n be_v one_o and_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v another_o the_o magistrate_n be_v corrupt_a if_o his_o sentence_n be_v more_o remiss_a than_o the_o law_n but_o to_o mitigate_v the_o rigour_n of_o a_o severe_a law_n be_v sometime_o the_o glory_n of_o a_o prince_n seneca_n speak_v in_o the_o person_n of_o nero_n say_v occidere_fw-la contra_fw-la legem_fw-la nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la 63._o symmachus_n lib._n 3._o ep._n 63._o seruare_fw-la nemo_fw-la praeter_fw-la i_o kill_v contrary_a to_o law_n no_o man_n can_v and_o save_v none_o can_v beside_o myself_o but_o this_o also_o must_v be_v understand_v so_o that_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v do_v without_o probable_a cause_n but_o what_o these_o probable_a cause_n be_v though_o it_o can_v be_v particular_o define_v yet_o must_v we_o grant_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a after_o the_o law_n be_v past_a than_o those_o that_o be_v look_v at_o before_o because_o unto_o the_o other_o cause_n for_o which_o punishment_n be_v require_v there_o be_v superad_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v fit_a shall_v be_v maintain_v xxv_o cause_n free_v from_o punishment_n intrinsic_a 1._o intrinsic_a but_o the_o cause_n exempt_n any_o man_n from_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n be_v usual_o either_o intrinsical_v or_o extrinsical_a intrinsical_a as_o when_o the_o punishment_n compare_v with_o the_o fact_n be_v severe_a if_o not_o unjust_a xxvi_o or_o extrinsical_a extrinsical_a when_o a_o man_n former_a merit_n or_o some_o other_o thing_n commend_v the_o person_n offend_v plead_v strong_o for_o his_o pardon_n or_o when_o we_o discern_v some_o extraordinary_a hope_n of_o future_a good_a in_o the_o delinquent_n but_o especial_o if_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n do_v at_o least_o particular_o cease_v in_o that_o fact_n for_o which_o the_o punishment_n be_v to_o be_v inflict_v for_o although_o the_o general_a reason_n of_o a_o law_n where_o it_o be_v not_o counterballance_v with_o a_o contrary_a reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o uphold_v the_o vigour_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o the_o fail_v even_o of_o that_o which_o be_v the_o particular_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n do_v so_o far_o operate_v that_o the_o law_n may_v more_o easy_o and_o with_o less_o detriment_n to_o authority_n be_v dispense_v with_o as_o gratian_n prove_v by_o many_o instance_n 7._o c._n 1._o q._n 7._o and_o this_o usual_o fall_v out_o in_o such_o sin_n as_o be_v commit_v through_o ignorance_n though_o not_o altogether_o blameless_a or_o through_o infirmity_n of_o mind_n which_o haply_o may_v though_o not_o without_o much_o difficulty_n be_v overcome_v whereunto_o a_o christian_a prince_n ought_v to_o have_v some_o regard_n in_o imitation_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o in_o the_o jewish_a law_n do_v merciful_o provide_v that_o most_o sin_n of_o this_o nature_n shall_v by_o some_o kind_n of_o sacrifice_n be_v expiate_v as_o we_o may_v read_v in_o the_o four_o and_o five_o chapter_n of_o leviticus_n and_o as_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n we_o may_v find_v confirm_v both_o by_o word_n and_o example_n wherein_o he_o declare_v how_o willing_a he_o be_v to_o pardon_v such_o sin_n to_o those_o that_o repent_v as_o luke_n 23.34_o heb._n 4.15_o 1_o tim._n 1.13_o and_o by_o those_o very_a word_n of_o christ_n father_n forgive_v they_o for_o they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o do_v by_o which_o word_n theodosius_n the_o emperor_n be_v so_o wrought_v upon_o that_o he_o free_o forgive_v the_o antiochian_o who_o he_o have_v purpose_v to_o destroy_v as_o st_n chrysostome_n record_v xxvii_o yea_o though_o no_o such_o exemption_n be_v tacit_o include_v in_o the_o law_n hence_o than_o we_o may_v discern_v the_o error_n of_o ferdinandus_n vasquius_fw-la who_o teach_v that_o the_o law_n be_v in_o no_o case_n to_o be_v dispense_v with_o but_o only_o to_o such_o wherein_o the_o lawmaker_n have_v he_o be_v consult_v with_o will_v have_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v not_o his_o intent_n that_o in_o that_o case_n his_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v for_o vasquius_fw-la there_o do_v not_o well_o distinguish_v between_o the_o equitable_a interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o relaxation_n of_o it_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o another_o place_n he_o reprove_v thomas_n and_o scotus_n for_o say_v that_o the_o law_n be_v bind_v though_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n do_v particular_o cease_v as_o if_o they_o take_v the_o law_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o bare_a letter_n which_o they_o never_o think_v but_o every_o relaxation_n of_o the_o law_n which_o may_v be_v and_o often_o be_v either_o grant_v or_o omit_v free_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v refer_v to_o equity_n proper_o so_o call_v that_o even_o that_o relaxation_n which_o be_v due_a either_o out_o of_o charity_n or_o polity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v refer_v thither_o for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o take_v away_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o some_o probable_a cause_n or_o upon_o some_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o declare_v that_o that_o fact_n be_v not_o at_o the_o law-making_a so_o much_o as_o think_v upon_o by_o the_o maker_n of_o it_o but_o let_v this_o suffice_v concern_v the_o take_n away_o the_o punishment_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v their_o infliction_n xxviii_o all_o punishment_n be_v award_v according_a to_o man_n merit_n by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v it_o appear_v that_o in_o punishment_n two_o thing_n be_v considerable_a first_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o crime_n second_o the_o profit_n that_o redound_v by_o the_o punishment_n as_o to_o the_o former_a nemo_fw-la puniendus_fw-la est_fw-la ultra_fw-la meritum_fw-la no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v beyond_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o offence_n for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o there_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o equality_n between_o the_o sin_n and_o the_o punishment_n according_a to_o that_o of_o horace_n 15._o epist_n 15._o adsit_fw-la regula_n peccatis_fw-la quae_fw-la poenas_fw-la irroget_fw-la aequas_fw-la let_v sin_n have_v rule_n which_o equal_a pain_n require_v and_o not_o plague_v
petty_a fault_n with_o rod_n of_o wire_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o cicero_n to_o brutus_n 1._o see_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o speech_n of_o the_o melanois_n in_o guicc_n lib._n 17._o vid._n sup_v sect._n 11._o &_o lib._n 3._o c._n 11._o sect_n 1._o there_o be_v say_v he_o a_o moderation_n to_o be_v use_v as_o well_o in_o punish_v as_o in_o other_o thing_n and_o therefore_o papinianus_n call_v punishment_n the_o valuation_n of_o a_o crime_n and_o 2._o and_o leuct_v 2._o aristides_n say_v that_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o humane_a nature_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v bound_n prescribe_v beyond_o which_o revenge_n shall_v never_o stray_v in_o imitation_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o when_o he_o proceed_v to_o judgement_n be_v say_v to_o lay_v judgement_n to_o the_o rule_n and_o righteousness_n to_o the_o balance_n as_o if_o he_o will_v retale_v it_o as_o it_o be_v by_o weight_n and_o measure_n but_o demosthenes_n in_o his_o epistle_n for_o lycurgus_n child_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o such_o a_o equality_n as_o be_v bare_o in_o weight_n and_o measure_n but_o with_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o purpose_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o delinquent_n and_o then_o he_o conclude_v that_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o merit_n all_o sin_n may_v be_v punish_v more_o or_o less_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v think_v profitable_a xxix_o the_o impulsive_a cause_n of_o sin_n be_v to_o be_v respect_v and_o compare_v together_o in_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o crime_n three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v examine_v first_o the_o cause_n that_o do_v provoke_v second_o the_o cause_n which_o ought_v to_o have_v restrain_v and_o three_o the_o fitness_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o person_n to_o either_o as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o there_o be_v doubtless_o some_o cause_n that_o move_v every_o man_n to_o evil_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o man_n wicked_a but_o for_o some_o end_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o man_n that_o love_v wickedness_n for_o wickedness_n sake_n only_o sure_o he_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o a._n man_n as_o a_o devil_n the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n be_v lead_v unto_o sin_n by_o their_o affection_n 1.15_o jam_fw-la 1.15_o so_o say_v st._n james_n lust_n conceive_v and_o bring_v forth_o sin_n where_o under_o this_o notion_n lust_n or_o appetite_n i_o comprehend_v also_o that_o vehement_a desire_n of_o decline_v every_o thing_n that_o may_v hurt_v we_o which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v the_o most_o natural_a and_o so_o the_o most_o innocent_a ofttime_n a_o man_n be_v almost_o enforce_v upon_o a_o sin_n to_o avoid_v some_o present_a danger_n as_o when_o to_o avoid_v death_n imprisonment_n torment_n or_o extreme_a poverty_n he_o do_v some_o act_n of_o violence_n or_o injustice_n and_o then_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o evil_a that_o pursue_v he_o seem_v to_o render_v his_o sin_n the_o more_o excusable_a whereupon_o demosthenes_n infer_v that_o if_o a_o rich_a man_n be_v unjust_a he_o deserve_v double_o to_o be_v punish_v in_o respect_n of_o what_o he_o suffer_v for_o the_o like_a sin_n who_o be_v oppress_v with_o poverty_n for_o before_o such_o judge_n as_o have_v any_o sentiment_n of_o humanity_n the_o poor_a man_n necessity_n plead_v strong_o for_o pardon_n whereas_o they_o who_o surfeit_v with_o abundance_n sin_n mere_o out_o of_o wantonness_n can_v have_v no_o excuse_n at_o all_o for_o their_o wickedness_n thus_o do_v polybius_n excuse_v the_o acarnanae_n that_o to_o avoid_v that_o imminent_a danger_n that_o threaten_v they_o be_v enforce_v to_o break_v the_o article_n of_o their_o league_n with_o the_o grecian_n against_o the_o aetolian_n the_o more_o vehement_a the_o temptation_n be_v the_o more_o pardonable_a be_v the_o crime_n a_o woman_n of_o smyrna_n as_o gellius_n tell_v the_o story_n 17._o gell._n l._n 12._o c._n 17._o be_v convent_v before_o cn._n dolabella_n the_o proconsul_n of_o asia_n for_o poison_v her_o husband_n and_o his_o son_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o fact_n she_o confess_v allege_v that_o she_o have_v good_a cause_n so_o to_o do_v because_o her_o husband_n and_o his_o son_n have_v betray_v and_o murder_v she_o own_o son_n by_o a_o former_a husband_n be_v a_o young_a man_n innocent_a and_o of_o singular_a hope_n which_o fact_n be_v so_o clear_a that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v deny_v dolabella_n call_v a_o council_n but_o none_o dare_v pass_v sentence_n in_o so_o doubtful_a a_o case_n for_o the_o woman_n fact_n be_v confess_v they_o think_v ought_v not_o to_o go_v unpunished_a and_o yet_o the_o revenge_n she_o take_v for_o the_o murder_n of_o her_o son_n appear_v to_o be_v but_o just_a in_o conclusion_n dolabella_n send_v she_o to_o athens_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o areopagite_n as_o be_v the_o most_o know_a and_o experience_a judge_n of_o that_o age_n who_o upon_o a_o full_a hear_n of_o the_o cause_n adjourn_v the_o determination_n of_o it_o for_o a_o hundred_o year_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o neither_o acquit_v the_o woman_n of_o her_o crime_n against_o the_o law_n nor_o condemn_v she_o though_o guilty_a because_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o temptation_n plead_v for_o pardon_n the_o less_o of_o provocation_n a_o man_n have_v to_o do_v evil_a the_o great_a be_v his_o sin_n whence_o aristotle_n infer_v that_o the_o sin_n of_o incontinence_n be_v great_a than_o that_o commit_v through_o fear_n because_o it_o be_v more_o voluntary_a for_o what_o a_o man_n do_v out_o of_o fear_n be_v to_o preserve_v himself_o from_o destruction_n and_o in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o be_v a_o force_n upon_o the_o will_n 32._o see_v prov._n 6.30_o 31_o 32._o but_o lust_n be_v conceive_v within_o we_o and_o therefore_o have_v the_o more_o of_o evil_n because_o it_o have_v a_o large_a share_n of_o the_o will_n with_o who_o accord_v philo_n upon_o the_o decalogue_n all_o other_o vehement_a perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o assault_n of_o some_o outward_a temptation_n which_o seem_v to_o happen_v against_o our_o will_n only_o our_o lust_n because_o they_o be_v conceive_v within_o we_o can_v be_v impute_v to_o none_o but_o ourselves_o all_o sin_n say_v chrysostome_n merit_v not_o the_o same_o punishment_n but_o those_o deserve_v the_o great_a which_o may_v easy_a be_v resist_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o another_o place_n he_o infer_v that_o the_o slanderer_n be_v a_o great_a sinner_n than_o a_o fornicator_n a_o thief_n or_o a_o homicide_n because_o these_o may_v have_v vehement_a temptation_n but_o the_o slanderer_n none_o but_o his_o own_o will._n man_n do_v not_o despise_v a_o thief_n if_o he_o steal_v to_o satisfy_v his_o own_o soul_n when_o he_o be_v hungry_a but_o he_o that_o commit_v adultery_n with_o a_o woman_n lack_v understanding_n he_o that_o do_v it_o destroy_v his_o own_o soul_n prov._n 6.30_o 32._o all_o other_o appetite_n do_v tend_v to_o some_o good_a either_o real_a or_o imaginary_a those_o thing_n that_o be_v real_o good_a beside_o virtue_n and_o their_o action_n which_o can_v entice_v unto_o sin_n be_v always_o at_o peace_n among_o themselves_o be_v either_o delectable_a as_o pleasure_n or_o such_o as_o be_v desirable_a in_o order_n to_o thing_n that_o be_v delectable_a which_o we_o call_v thing_n profitable_a as_o abundance_n of_o all_o outward_a enjoyment_n those_o that_o be_v imaginary_a only_o and_o not_o real_o good_a be_v either_o the_o excellency_n that_o we_o think_v we_o have_v above_o other_o as_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o virtue_n and_o profit_n or_o revenge_n both_o which_o the_o more_o devious_a from_o nature_n they_o be_v the_o worse_o they_o be_v naturalia_fw-la desideria_fw-la finita_fw-la sunt_fw-la ex_fw-la falsa_fw-la opinion_n nascentia_fw-la ubi_fw-la desinant_fw-la non_fw-la habent_fw-la our_o natural_a want_n say_v seneca_n be_v easy_o sum_v up_o but_o those_o that_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o false_a opinion_n be_v infinite_a st_n john_n collect_v all_o the_o provocation_n to_o sin_n under_o these_o three_o head_n 2.16_o 1_o joh._n 2.16_o the_o lust_n of_o the_o flesh_n the_o lust_n of_o the_o eye_n or_o the_o pride_n of_o life_n the_o first_o whereof_o comprehend_v the_o desire_n of_o pleasure_n the_o second_o of_o profit_n the_o three_o of_o vainglory_n and_o anger_n and_o philo_n in_o his_o exposition_n of_o the_o decalogue_n derive_v all_o that_o be_v evil_a from_o the_o desire_n either_o of_o riches_n honour_n or_o pleasure_n 6._o lib._n 6._o and_o lactantius_n describe_v the_o office_n of_o virtue_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o suppression_n of_o our_o anger_n in_o bridle_v of_o our_o lust_n and_o in_o the_o moderate_n of_o our_o desire_n of_o riches_n for_o say_v he_o almost_o all_o our_o unjust_a and_o wicked_a action_n do_v arise_v from_o one_o of_o these_o affection_n which_o elsewhere_o he_o repeat_v xxx_o the_o cause_n restrain_v from_o sin_n the_o general_a cause_n that_o shall_v restrain_v we_o from_o
be_v well_o observe_v by_o andronicus_n rhodius_n and_o although_o it_o can_v exempt_v they_o altogether_o from_o punishment_n yet_o without_o doubt_n it_o render_v the_o fault_n the_o more_o tolerable_a so_o the_o apprehension_n of_o some_o imminent_a danger_n quick_o beget_v a_o fear_n and_o then_o we_o rash_o adventure_v upon_o a_o sin_n to_o avoid_v that_o danger_n in_o like_a manner_n some_o sudden_a and_o unexpected_a injury_n set_v our_o hot_a blood_n on_o boil_v and_o then_o immediate_o before_o reason_n can_v interpose_v we_o attempt_v a_o revenge_n these_o be_v the_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o passion_n and_o not_o the_o deliberate_a act_n of_o the_o will_n which_o certain_o be_v in_o themselves_o more_o excusable_a than_o those_o which_o arise_v mere_o out_o of_o the_o desire_n of_o pleasure_n assault_v we_o not_o so_o violent_o and_o therefore_o may_v either_o be_v defer_v or_o admit_v of_o some_o other_o matter_n wherein_o to_o delight_v without_o injury_n to_o any_o gal._n de_fw-fr providentia_fw-la in_o epist_n ad_fw-la gal._n so_o st_n chrysostome_n lust_n say_v he_o seek_v coition_n only_o but_o not_o with_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a person_n and_o so_o 10._o so_o nic._n l._n 7._o c._n 10._o aristotle_n anger_n and_o cruelty_n be_v much_o more_o natural_a than_o covetousness_n or_o a_o inordinate_a desire_n of_o thing_n unnecessary_a for_o this_o be_v general_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o more_o the_o judgement_n be_v hinder_v in_o its_o free_a choice_n or_o in_o the_o act_n of_o discern_v between_o good_a and_o evil_a and_o the_o more_o natural_a the_o cause_n be_v exciting_a to_o sin_n the_o less_o of_o evil_a the_o sin_n have_v and_o consequent_o the_o less_o it_o shall_v have_v of_o punishment_n difficilium_fw-la facilis_fw-la est_fw-la venia_fw-la the_o great_a difficulty_n there_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n command_v the_o easy_a be_v the_o pardon_n if_o not_o perform_v quantò_fw-la potestas_fw-la vitandi_fw-la fuit_fw-la tanto_fw-la contumaciae_fw-la crimine_fw-la oneratur_fw-la say_v tertullian_n the_o more_o power_n and_o the_o great_a help_n we_o have_v to_o avoid_v a_o sin_n the_o more_o contumacy_n we_o bewray_v in_o the_o commit_v it_o aristotle_n likewise_o in_o the_o place_n before_o cite_v account_v that_o man_n less_o temperate_a who_o be_v either_o not_o at_o all_o or_o very_o weak_o provoke_v with_o carnal_a desire_n either_o seek_v after_o enormous_a pleasure_n or_o fly_v from_o some_o small_a inconvenience_n than_o he_o that_o be_v urge_v thereunto_o by_o some_o vehement_a passion_n for_o what_o will_v the_o same_o person_n do_v if_o he_o feel_v those_o vehement_a perturbation_n of_o mind_n which_o be_v incident_a to_o youth_n or_o that_o grief_n and_o vexation_n that_o poverty_n bring_v with_o it_o pertinent_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o antiphanes_n qui_fw-la cum_fw-la sit_fw-la opulens_fw-la nequiter_fw-la quicquam_fw-la facit_fw-la hunc_fw-la si_fw-la esset_fw-la pauper_fw-la quid_fw-la non_fw-la facturum_fw-la putas_fw-la he_o that_o be_v opulent_a unjust_a will_v be_v what_o will_v he_o not_o if_o pinch_v by_o poverty_n and_o what_o we_o every_o where_n read_v in_o comedian_n concern_v the_o dote_a love_n of_o old_a man_n from_o these_o cause_n we_o ought_v to_o guess_v at_o the_o merit_n of_o man_n sin_n and_o to_o fit_v their_o punishment_n according_o xxxii_o counter-passion_n reject_v the_o pythagorean_n hold_v that_o justice_n require_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n a_o sufferance_n in_o the_o like_a kind_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n which_o be_v true_a but_o not_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o he_o that_o hurt_v another_o deliberate_o and_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n give_v shall_v suffer_v just_a so_o much_o again_o and_o no_o more_o for_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n itself_o which_o be_v a_o perfect_a pattern_n for_o all_o other_o law_n reject_v this_o exposition_n for_o it_o require_v that_o he_o that_o steal_v any_o thing_n from_o another_o shall_v restore_v four_o and_o fivefold_a and_o the_o attic_a law_n do_v require_v that_o a_o thief_n beside_o a_o double_a restitution_n whereunto_o that_o of_o st_n john_n rev._n 18.6_o refer_v shall_v remain_v in_o bond_n for_o certain_a day_n as_o demosthenes_n testify_v and_o when_o the_o minyan_o have_v without_o any_o right_n timocr_n cont._n timocr_n extort_a tribute_n from_o the_o theban_n hercules_n compel_v they_o to_o restore_v it_o unto_o they_o double_a as_o apollodorus_n record_v it_o aristides_n also_o of_o the_o grecian_a law_n testify_v 2._o lib._n 2._o leuctr_n 2._o that_o the_o injure_a person_n be_v permit_v to_o recover_v more_o than_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o way_n of_o revenge_n whereof_o st._n ambrose_n give_v this_o reason_n qâ—o_fw-la furem_fw-la à _fw-la detrahendo_fw-la aut_fw-la poena_fw-la deterreant_fw-la aut_fw-la mulcta_fw-la revocent_fw-la 3._o de_fw-fr offic_n 3._o c._n 3._o that_o so_o they_o may_v affright_v the_o thief_n from_o his_o pilfer_n by_o the_o punishment_n or_o discourage_v he_o by_o the_o mulct_n seneca_n speak_v of_o judgement_n to_o be_v inflict_v after_o this_o life_n say_v scelera_fw-la taxantur_fw-la modo_fw-la majore_fw-la nostra_fw-la our_o crime_n with_o great_a plague_n be_v there_o punish_v than_o those_o we_o suffer_v here_o strabo_n observe_v a_o law_n among_o the_o indian_n 15._o lib._n 15._o that_o if_o one_o man_n have_v maim_v or_o dismember_v another_o beside_o the_o common_a punishment_n of_o retaliation_n he_o be_v to_o lose_v his_o hand_n and_o in_o that_o book_n which_o be_v entitle_v aristotle_n moral_n we_o read_v that_o it_o be_v just_a 34._o lib._n 1._o c._n 34._o that_o he_o that_o willing_o put_v out_o another_o man_n eye_n shall_v suffer_v not_o only_o in_o the_o like_a kind_n but_o somewhat_o more_o for_o as_o philo_n in_o his_o special_a law_n observe_v it_o be_v not_o equal_a that_o the_o nocent_a and_o the_o innocent_a shall_v suffer_v but_o alike_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o very_a attempt_n to_o commit_v some_o sin_n though_o not_o consummate_v and_o consequent_o have_v less_o of_o evil_n in_o they_o than_o those_o that_o be_v perpetrate_v yet_o be_v equal_o punish_v according_a to_o what_o they_o intend_v as_o we_o may_v read_v deut._n 19.19_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o false_a testimony_n so_o deut_n 22.19_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o husband_n accuse_v his_o wife_n of_o whoredom_n to_o defraud_v she_o of_o her_o dowry_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v exod._a 22.9_o as_o also_o among_o the_o roman_a law_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o he_o that_o carry_v a_o weapon_n about_o he_o with_o a_o intent_n to_o kill_v a_o man_n be_v to_o have_v be_v punish_v as_o though_o he_o have_v do_v it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o bare_a attempt_n be_v punishable_a with_o death_n sure_o the_o execution_n shall_v be_v more_o severe_o punish_v i_o answer_v that_o because_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o grievous_a than_o death_n and_o because_o a_o man_n can_v die_v but_o once_o therefore_o we_o must_v necessary_o aquiesce_v in_o this_o punishment_n because_o we_o can_v go_v no_o further_o unless_o we_o do_v sometime_o add_v thereunto_o some_o kind_n of_o torment_n to_o make_v death_n itself_o the_o more_o terrible_a xxxiii_o in_o punishment_n regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o person_n punish_v punishment_n be_v not_o to_o be_v consider_v bare_o but_o with_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o quality_n of_o he_o that_o suffer_v they_o the_o same_o mulct_n or_o fine_a that_o be_v grievous_a to_o a_o poor_a man_n be_v no_o punishment_n at_o all_o to_o the_o rich_a and_o the_o stock_n or_o pillory_n which_o by_o the_o vile_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v slight_v be_v worse_o than_o death_n itself_o to_o the_o noble_a the_o roman_a law_n do_v often_o make_v use_n of_o this_o difference_n of_o person_n and_o punishment_n and_o bodine_n upon_o this_o consideration_n do_v frame_v a_o kind_n of_o harmoniacal_a proportion_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o indeed_o here_o be_v but_o a_o simple_a equality_n between_o the_o merit_n and_o the_o punishment_n such_o as_o be_v in_o number_n as_o also_o in_o all_o contract_n between_o the_o thing_n sell_v and_o the_o money_n although_o the_o same_o merchandise_n be_v worth_a in_o some_o place_n more_o and_o in_o some_o less_o as_o also_o be_v money_n according_a to_o its_o either_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n but_o we_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o ofttimes_o among_o the_o roman_n this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o too_o great_a a_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o person_n and_o their_o quality_n nothing_o appertain_v to_o the_o fact_n which_o acception_n of_o person_n moses_n his_o law_n do_v exceed_o abhor_v and_o this_o be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o intrinsic_a valuation_n of_o a_o punishment_n xxxiv_o charity_n mitigate_v punishment_n but_o that_o which_o restrain_v we_o in_o punish_v within_o those_o bound_n which_o the_o law_n permit_v be_v the_o love_n of_o he_o who_o be_v punish_v
unless_o a_o great_a and_o just_a love_n of_o many_o persuade_v we_o otherwise_o for_o some_o cause_n that_o be_v external_a which_o sometime_o be_v some_o extreme_a danger_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o he_o who_o have_v offend_v but_o very_o often_o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o example_n but_o this_o most_o usual_o arise_v when_o the_o encouragement_n to_o any_o sin_n be_v general_a and_o can_v be_v repress_v without_o sharp_a and_o speedy_a remedy_n now_o the_o principal_a encouragement_n to_o sin_n be_v these_o two_o namely_o custom_n and_o facility_n xxxv_o custom_n &_o facility_n how_o they_o add_v or_o detract_v from_o the_o punishment_n of_o sin_n which_o two_o be_v so_o dangerous_a aught_o to_o be_v provide_v against_o by_o sharp_a and_o severe_a law_n the_o hebrew_a law_n do_v punish_v a_o thief_n more_o severe_o for_o steal_v sheep_n or_o ox_n out_o of_o the_o field_n than_o out_o of_o the_o house_n exod._n 22.1.9_o for_o he_o that_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o field_n be_v to_o restore_v four_o and_o fivefold_a but_o he_o that_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o house_n but_o double_a the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o cattle_n in_o the_o field_n be_v more_o easy_o drive_v away_o and_o therefore_o have_v need_n to_o be_v secure_v by_o the_o severe_a law_n roscio_n orat._n pro_fw-la roscio_n those_o crime_n say_v cicero_n be_v to_o be_v fit_v with_o the_o severe_a punishment_n praecaventur_fw-la ea_fw-la maximè_fw-la animadvertenda_fw-la peccata_fw-la quae_fw-la difficilimè_fw-la praecaventur_fw-la which_o can_v be_v prevent_v without_o great_a difficulty_n so_o justin_n speak_v of_o the_o scythian_n say_v there_o be_v no_o crime_n so_o heinous_a as_o theft_n because_o to_o they_o who_o have_v neither_o house_n nor_o enclosure_n to_o secure_v their_o herd_n of_o cattle_n or_o their_o flock_n of_o sheep_n in_o what_o safety_n can_v there_o be_v if_o it_o be_v permit_v unto_o they_o to_o rob_v and_o steal_v much_o like_a unto_o that_o in_o aristotle_n problem_n where_o speak_v of_o such_o thief_n as_o frequent_v bath_n he_o say_v that_o the_o lawgiver_n consider_v that_o the_o owner_n can_v not_o in_o those_o place_n look_v after_o their_o thing_n wise_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o safeguard_n of_o severe_a law_n and_o according_o we_o find_v that_o these_o balneary_a thief_n be_v in_o athens_n punish_v with_o death_n if_o what_o they_o there_o steal_v be_v above_o the_o value_n of_o ten_o drachma_n as_o demosthenes_n testify_v against_o timocrates_n the_o custom_n of_o a_o fact_n although_o it_o detract_v somewhat_o from_o the_o crime_n for_o as_o pliny_n speak_v in_o such_o a_o case_n he_o give_v he_o his_o pardon_n and_o that_o not_o without_o reason_n for_o though_o the_o fact_n be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n yet_o be_v it_o common_o commit_v and_o not_o punish_v yet_o do_v it_o require_v in_o some_o sort_n to_o have_v be_v severe_o punish_v because_o as_o saturninus_n speak_v nimium_fw-la multis_fw-la grassantibus_fw-la opus_fw-la exemplo_fw-la est_fw-la when_o a_o sin_n begin_v to_o spread_v and_o malefactor_n grow_v numerous_a than_o some_o exemplary_a punishment_n seem_v necessary_a for_o as_o a_o hotheaded_a horse_n have_v need_n of_o a_o strong_a rein_n so_o the_o more_o public_a and_o customary_a a_o sin_n grow_v the_o sharp_a shall_v be_v the_o punishment_n to_o suppress_v it_o but_o the_o former_a that_o be_v clemency_n in_o acquit_v offender_n be_v more_o to_o be_v follow_v in_o give_v sentence_n and_o shall_v be_v our_o guide_n in_o pass_a judgement_n but_o the_o law_n themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v severe_a and_o impartial_a yet_o with_o due_a regard_n have_v to_o the_o time_n when_o those_o law_n or_o judgement_n be_v make_v and_o publish_v because_o the_o benefit_n that_o arise_v by_o punishment_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o universality_n as_o all_o law_n also_o have_v but_o offence_n do_v vary_v and_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o every_o offender_n for_o in_o some_o they_o be_v great_a and_o in_o some_o less_o xxxvi_o clemency_n in_o the_o mitigation_n of_o punishment_n but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o great_a or_o urgent_a cause_n to_o exact_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n there_o we_o shall_v incline_v to_o mitigate_v punishment_n for_o herein_o consist_v one_o part_n of_o clemency_n the_o other_o part_n consist_v in_o their_o total_a remission_n because_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a thing_n to_o find_v out_o a_o equal_a temperament_n between_o the_o sin_n and_o the_o punishment_n say_v seneca_n therefore_o let_v the_o inequality_n be_v always_o on_o the_o gentle_a side_n 1._o de_fw-fr clem._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o and_o in_o another_o place_n poenam_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la tutò_fw-la poterit_fw-la condonet_fw-la sin_v minus_fw-la temperet_fw-la if_o it_o may_v safe_o be_v do_v the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o forgive_v if_o that_o can_v be_v the_o next_o be_v to_o lessen_v the_o punishment_n in_o diodorus_n siculus_n we_o find_v one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n high_o commend_v for_o inflict_a punishment_n less_o than_o the_o sin_n deserve_v so_o justin_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o huns_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o to_o exact_v punishment_n equal_a to_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o indeed_o as_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o mercy_n even_o in_o the_o mitigation_n of_o punishment_n the_o lesser_a lose_v much_o of_o their_o name_n and_o nature_n where_o the_o sin_n deserve_v great_a it_o be_v say_v of_o marcus_n antoninus_n that_o his_o custom_n be_v always_o to_o award_v punishment_n somewhat_o lesser_a than_o the_o crime_n deserve_v or_o the_o law_n require_v and_o isaeus_n the_o orator_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o the_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v severe_a but_o the_o punishment_n always_o mild_a than_o the_o law_n the_o like_a by_o way_n of_o advice_n we_o find_v in_o isocrates_n to_o make_v the_o punishment_n always_o less_o rigorous_a than_o the_o sin_n be_v heinous_a this_o be_v it_o which_o be_v intend_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n under_o the_o symbol_n of_o a_o pomegranet-tree_n with_o this_o word_n subacre_n very_o sharp_a and_o cassiodore_n report_v it_o of_o a_o king_n 40._o lib._n 11._o 40._o who_o be_v often_o hear_v to_o say_v where_o there_o be_v danger_n we_o be_v severe_a but_o where_o we_o be_v safe_a we_o always_o pardon_v when_o some_o donatist_n be_v apprehend_v and_o bring_v before_o marcellinus_n for_o whip_v a_o catholic_n priest_n put_v out_o one_o of_o his_o eye_n and_o cut_v off_o one_o of_o his_o finger_n circumcelliones_fw-la ep._n 159._o grat._n c._n 23._o q._n 5._o circumcelliones_fw-la st_n augustine_n fear_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v proceed_v against_o they_o by_o way_n of_o retaliation_n humble_o beseech_v marcellinus_n that_o he_o will_v not_o do_v so_o nor_o suffer_v any_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v for_o nothing_o say_v he_o more_o become_v a_o prince_n than_o clemency_n and_o as_o macedonius_n tell_v st_n augustine_n it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o priest_n to_o intercede_v for_o the_o guilty_a xxxvii_o to_o these_o be_v refer_v whatsoever_o the_o roman_n or_o hebrew_n have_v write_v concern_v punishment_n thus_o have_v we_o i_o hope_v omit_v nothing_o that_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o clear_n of_o this_o argument_n of_o itself_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a enough_o for_o those_o four_o thing_n which_o as_o maimonides_n say_v ought_v principal_o to_o be_v regard_v in_o punishment_n namely_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o sin_n that_o be_v the_o damage_n give_v the_o frequency_n of_o such_o sinner_n the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o temptation_n and_o the_o facility_n of_o commit_v it_o we_o have_v refer_v to_o their_o proper_a place_n no_o less_o than_o those_o seven_o mention_v by_o saturninus_n though_o confuse_o enough_o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o person_n offend_v he_o be_v consider_v principal_o in_o his_o aptitude_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o cause_n exciting_a to_o or_o restrain_v from_o sin_n whereof_o we_o have_v treat_v before_o the_o person_n suffer_v by_o that_o sin_n do_v sometime_o guide_v we_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o sin_n 31._o sect._n 31._o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v commit_v do_v either_o peculiarly_a aggravate_v it_o or_o appertain_v likewise_o to_o the_o facility_n of_o sin_v 30._o sect._n 30._o for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n say_v philo_n to_o offer_v violence_n to_o a_o stranger_n as_o to_o one_o own_o father_n nor_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o speak_v evil_a of_o a_o private_a man_n as_o of_o a_o magistrate_n or_o to_o commit_v a_o unlawful_a thing_n in_o a_o common_a or_o profane_a place_n as_o in_o a_o sacred_a or_o on_o a_o holy_a day_n as_o on_o another_o day_n in_o a_o private_a house_n as_o in_o a_o public_a assembly_n for_o as_o ulpian_n observe_v there_o be_v great_a difference_n between_o a_o injury_n commit_v in_o the_o view_n of_o
miracle_n that_o be_v wrought_v by_o he_o and_o his_o apostle_n which_o thing_n be_v matter_n of_o fact_n though_o of_o old_a confirm_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o most_o irrefragable_a testimony_n yet_o of_o old_a so_o that_o this_o be_v a_o question_n of_o fact_n and_o that_o now_o of_o great_a antiquity_n much_o more_o may_v this_o be_v question_v by_o such_o as_o now_o live_v so_o many_o age_n distant_a from_o that_o age_n wherein_o they_o be_v do_v as_o well_o as_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o history_n which_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o that_o be_v especial_o by_o those_o who_o never_o hear_v of_o they_o before_o nor_o have_v any_o of_o those_o help_v either_o inward_a or_o outward_a which_o be_v necessary_a to_o beget_v faith_n and_o therefore_o we_o say_v that_o faith_n be_v not_o by_o nature_n but_o by_o grace_n and_o that_o as_o when_o god_n give_v it_o it_o be_v not_o as_o the_o reward_n of_o any_o plead_a merit_n so_o when_o he_o deny_v it_o or_o give_v it_o more_o spare_o it_o be_v for_o cause_n not_o indeed_o unjust_a though_o unto_o we_o for_o the_o most_o part_n unknown_a and_o so_o not_o at_o all_o punishable_a by_o humane_a law_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o canon_n of_o the_o toletane_a council_n make_v whereby_o it_o be_v decree_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v enforce_v thenceforth_o to_o christianity_n 9_o rom._n 9_o for_o it_o be_v say_v he_o will_v have_v mercy_n on_o who_o he_o will_v have_v mercy_n and_o who_o he_o will_v he_o hardenenh_o so_o josephus_n every_o man_n ought_v to_o worship_n god_n willing_o and_o free_o and_o not_o by_o compulsion_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n to_o attribute_v that_o to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n whereof_o no_o probable_a cause_n can_v be_v assign_v by_o man_n wherefore_o since_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o man_n to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o some_o man_n do_v believe_v and_o other_o not_o though_o both_o have_v the_o same_o outward_a help_n and_o mean_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o resolve_v all_o such_o doubt_n in_o god_n will_v say_v he_o will_v have_v mercy_n on_o who_o he_o will_v have_v mercy_n and_o who_o he_o will_v he_o harden_v neither_o be_v this_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n only_o but_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o profane_a author_n who_o when_o in_o doubtful_a case_n they_o find_v not_o reason_n sufficient_a to_o inform_v their_o judgement_n supply_v that_o defect_n with_o a_o sic_fw-la visum_fw-la thus_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o second_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o christ_n the_o author_n of_o the_o new_a law_n do_v never_o intend_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o receive_v it_o by_o temporal_a punishment_n or_o drive_v thereunto_o by_o the_o fear_n of_o they_o we_o have_v not_o receive_v say_v st_n paul_n the_o spirit_n of_o bondage_n to_o fear_n 13.24_o jo._n 6.67_o luke_n 9.54_o matth._n 13.24_o rom._n 8.15_o so_o heb._n 2.15_o in_o which_o sense_n it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o tertullian_n say_v nova_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la se_fw-la vindicat_fw-la ultore_fw-la gladio_fw-la the_o gospel_n do_v not_o call_v for_o the_o sword_n to_o avenge_v its_o injury_n isidore_n speak_v of_o sisebutus_n king_n of_o spain_n say_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v inflame_v with_o a_o zeal_n for_o god_n glory_n though_o not_o according_a to_o knowledge_n he_o compel_v the_o jew_n to_o christianity_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n who_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v win_v to_o the_o faith_n by_o meek_a and_o gentle_a persuasion_n and_o for_o this_o very_a cause_n be_v the_o latter_a king_n of_o spain_n high_o blame_v by_o osorius_n and_o mariana_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o clement_n it_o be_v say_v of_o christ_n that_o he_o leave_v to_o every_o man_n the_o free_a power_n of_o his_o own_o will_n not_o punish_v the_o breach_n of_o his_o law_n with_o temporal_a death_n but_o call_v they_o to_o a_o account_n for_o it_o in_o the_o life_n to_o come_v so_o our_o bless_a lord_n leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o own_o will_n make_v proclamation_n open_o to_o all_o if_o any_o man_n will_v come_v after_o i_o vanitate_fw-la vid._n cypr._n ep._n 55._o &_o the_o idolor_n vanitate_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o to_o his_o apostle_n will_v you_o also_o forsake_v i_o as_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o own_o choice_n without_o lay_v any_o enforcement_n upon_o their_o will_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o parable_n of_o the_o great_a supper_n it_o be_v say_v that_o some_o be_v compel_v to_o come_v in_o it_o be_v answer_v 14.23_o luke_n 14.23_o that_o as_o in_o that_o parable_n the_o word_n compel_v argue_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o vehement_a solicitation_n so_o also_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o moral_a of_o that_o parable_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o same_o word_n be_v take_v luke_n 24.29_o and_o not_o otherwise_o matth._n 14.22_o mark_v 6.45_o gal._n 2.14_o procopius_n in_o his_o secret_a history_n tell_v we_o that_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n be_v by_o many_o very_a wise_a man_n tax_v for_o compel_v the_o samarite_n by_o force_n and_o menace_n to_o christianity_n add_v thereunto_o the_o inconvenience_n that_o be_v likely_a to_o arise_v thereupon_o xlix_o that_o war_n may_v just_o be_v make_v against_o they_o that_o persecute_v christian_n as_o such_o but_o they_o that_o persecute_v other_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o because_o they_o either_o teach_v or_o profess_v the_o christian_a religion_n be_v most_o unreasonable_a for_o certain_o our_o christian_a doctrine_n consider_v in_o its_o sincerity_n without_o any_o commixture_n contain_v nothing_o prejudicial_a to_o humane_a society_n nay_o that_o do_v not_o rather_o advance_v it_o it_o shall_v speak_v for_o itself_o and_o its_o enemy_n shall_v confess_v no_o less_o pliny_n report_v of_o the_o christian_n of_o his_o time_n that_o they_o have_v oblige_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o abstain_v from_o theft_n and_o robbery_n and_o not_o to_o break_v their_o faith_n with_o any_o man_n ammianus_n speak_v of_o our_o religion_n say_v that_o it_o teach_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v just_a and_o merciful_a so_o do_v arnobius_n treat_v of_o christian_a assembly_n wherein_o say_v he_o nothing_o be_v hear_v but_o what_o exhort_v to_o humanity_n meekness_n bashfulness_n modesty_n chastity_n and_o communicate_v of_o their_o good_n to_o all_o man_n as_o if_o they_o be_v all_o link_v together_o by_o brotherly_a love_n and_o it_o be_v the_o usual_a character_n that_o the_o very_a heathen_a give_v of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v secta_fw-la nemini_fw-la molesta_fw-la a_o sect_n of_o religion_n offensive_a to_o none_o zozimus_fw-la though_o a_o pagan_a give_v this_o testimony_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n that_o it_o be_v a_o promise_n and_o engagement_n to_o be_v free_a from_o all_o crime_n and_o from_o all_o impiety_n 2._o apolog._n 2._o so_o likewise_o tertullian_n we_o say_v he_o be_v coadjutor_n and_o fellow-labourer_n with_o you_o in_o establish_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o empire_n instruct_v our_o auditor_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o conceal_v himself_o from_o god_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o evil_a doer_n a_o thief_n a_o traitor_n or_o a_o just_a person_n as_o also_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v to_o eternal_a either_o life_n or_o death_n according_a to_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o deed_n tertullian_n also_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v a_o common_a byword_n in_o his_o time_n bone_fw-la vir_fw-la cajus_n sejus_n tantum_fw-la quod_fw-la christianus_n he_o be_v a_o honest_a man_n only_o he_o be_v a_o christian_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o all_o innovation_n be_v to_o be_v fear_v especial_o conventicle_n and_o private_a assembly_n i_o answer_v that_o those_o doctrine_n though_o new_a be_v least_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o teach_v all_o thing_n that_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a but_o principal_o those_o that_o exact_v due_a obedience_n to_o magistrate_n neither_o shall_v the_o private_a assembly_n of_o just_a and_o innocent_a man_n be_v either_o envy_v or_o suspect_v especial_o of_o such_o as_o desire_v not_o to_o abscond_v themselves_o unless_o they_o be_v persecute_v and_o here_o i_o may_v just_o apply_v unto_o these_o christian_a assembly_n what_o philo_n record_v that_o augustus_n say_v of_o the_o jewish_a convention_n legatione_n in_o legatione_n non_fw-la eos_fw-la bacchanalia_fw-la esse_fw-la aut_fw-la coetus_fw-la turbandae_fw-la paci_fw-la sed_fw-la virtutum_fw-la scholas_fw-la that_o such_o meeting_n be_v not_o for_o revel_v or_o for_o sedition_n but_o mere_a academy_n for_o virtue_n they_o therefore_o that_o persecute_v such_o man_n 108._o aquin._n secunda_fw-la secundae_fw-la q._n 108._o and_o that_o for_o this_o only_a cause_n may_v themselves_o just_o be_v persecute_v upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o constantine_n make_v war_n against_o licinius_n and_o other_o emperor_n against_o the_o persian_n
stripe_n and_o punishment_n as_o gregory_n bishop_n of_o rome_n write_v unto_o the_o bishop_n of_o constantinople_n and_o we_o may_v read_v of_o many_o french_a bishop_n who_o be_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o church_n condemn_v for_o call_v in_o the_o civil_a power_n against_o the_o priscillianist_n as_o sulpitius_n severus_n relate_v it_o and_o of_o a_o whole_a council_n in_o the_o east_n that_o be_v condemn_v because_o they_o consent_v to_o the_o burn_a of_o bogomilus_n it_o be_v therefore_o wise_o say_v of_o plato_n errantis_fw-la poena_fw-la est_fw-la doceri_fw-la if_o there_o be_v any_o punishment_n due_a to_o error_n it_o be_v to_o be_v instruct_v trag._n sen_n trag._n quis_fw-la nomen_fw-la unquam_fw-la sceleris_fw-la errori_fw-la dedit_fw-la who_o ever_o think_v it_o criminous_a to_o err_v it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o seneca_n say_v 14._o de_fw-fr ira._n lib._n 14._o no_o wise_a man_n ever_o hate_v those_o that_o err_v for_o if_o so_o he_o must_v necessary_o sometime_o hate_v himself_o he_o that_o be_v ignorant_a ought_v not_o to_o be_v ill_o treat_v nor_o accuse_v but_o it_o be_v fit_a he_o shall_v be_v instruct_v in_o that_o whereof_o he_o be_v ignorant_a chrysost_n chrysost_n and_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n high_o commend_v the_o emperor_n valentinian_n that_o he_o never_o persecute_v any_o man_n for_o his_o religion_n never_o command_v this_o or_o that_o to_o be_v adore_v nor_o incline_v the_o heart_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o enbrace_v his_o own_o manner_n of_o worship_n in_o case_n they_o dissent_v from_o it_o li._n but_o they_o that_o be_v open_o impious_a and_o profane_a against_o such_o as_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v god_n may_v be_v punish_v error_n in_o opinion_n concern_v the_o nature_n or_o worship_n of_o god_n be_v not_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o a_o just_a war_n but_o open_a impiety_n irreverence_n and_o profaneness_n towards_o any_o that_o be_v but_o acknowledge_v as_o god_n be_v deserve_o in_o all_o nation_n to_o be_v punish_v this_o among_o other_o be_v give_v as_o one_o cause_n of_o the_o peloponesian_a war_n between_o the_o athenian_n and_o lacedaemonian_n and_o of_o that_o war_n which_o philip_n of_o macedon_n make_v against_o the_o phocian_o who_o sacrilege_n be_v so_o execrable_a that_o as_o justine_n say_v 8._o lib._n 8._o orbis_n viribus_fw-la expiari_fw-la debuit_fw-la the_o whole_a world_n ought_v to_o have_v contribute_v to_o the_o expiation_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v st_n hierom_n observation_n upon_o the_o six_o of_o daniel_n that_o whilst_o the_o vessel_n remain_v in_o the_o idol_n temple_n at_o babylon_n the_o lord_n be_v not_o angry_a 16._o diod._n lib._n 16._o for_o the_o error_n be_v in_o the_o understanding_n and_o not_o in_o the_o will_n and_o affection_n though_o they_o err_v in_o their_o opinion_n concern_v god_n yet_o be_v those_o vessel_n employ_v to_o that_o use_n whereunto_o they_o be_v primary_o consecrate_v but_o no_o soon_o be_v they_o make_v use_v of_o in_o a_o common_a and_o profane_a way_n but_o the_o lord_n break_v out_o into_o a_o open_a revenge_n st_n augustine_n ascribe_v the_o prosperity_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n to_o their_o care_n of_o religion_n though_o a_o false_a one_o and_o lactantius_n seem_v to_o justify_v they_o in_o part_n because_o they_o have_v a_o zeal_n for_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n though_o not_o according_a to_o knowledge_n though_o they_o can_v not_o exact_o perform_v their_o duty_n yet_o they_o serve_v he_o sincere_o according_a to_o the_o light_n they_o have_v of_o he_o and_o as_o we_o say_v before_o by_o what_o god_n soever_o we_o forswear_v the_o sin_n be_v punish_v by_o the_o true_a god_n because_o we_o swear_v by_o it_o as_o god_n 7._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr 7._o c._n 7._o say_v seneca_n and_o it_o be_v our_o opinion_n of_o he_o that_o we_o swear_v by_o that_o oblige_v the_o true_a god_n to_o revenge_v it_o 6._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 3._o c._n 6._o and_o in_o this_o sense_n we_o understand_v that_o also_o of_o seneca_n the_o punishment_n of_o such_o as_o profane_a religion_n may_v vary_v but_o in_o all_o place_n they_o be_v punishable_a and_o that_o also_o of_o plato_n 10._o de_fw-fr legib_n 10._o who_o will_v have_v all_o such_o as_o scoff_n at_o religion_n punish_v with_o death_n in_o like_a manner_n they_o that_o false_o assume_v unto_o themselves_o the_o name_n of_o prophet_n be_v deserve_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o agathias_n testify_v 5._o lib._n 5._o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o communication_n of_o punishment_n i._o how_o punishment_n may_v pass_v to_o those_o that_o partake_v of_o the_o sin_n ii_o that_o commonalty_n and_o their_o governor_n be_v punishable_a for_o the_o subject_n fault_n if_o they_o know_v of_o they_o and_o do_v not_o hinder_v they_o when_o they_o both_o ought_v and_o may_v do_v it_o iii_o likewise_o by_o receive_v those_o who_o have_v be_v criminous_a elsewhere_o iv_o unless_o they_o either_o punish_v they_o or_o deliver_v they_o up_o to_o be_v punish_v illustrate_v by_o example_n v._o the_o right_n of_o suppliant_n belong_v to_o the_o unfortunate_a and_o not_o to_o the_o guilty_a with_o its_o exception_n vi_o suppliant_n be_v to_o be_v defend_v till_o their_o cause_n be_v know_v and_o by_o what_o law_n this_o knowledge_n be_v to_o be_v gain_v vii_o how_o subject_n may_v partake_v of_o the_o fault_n of_o their_o ruler_n or_o the_o member_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o how_o their_o punishment_n differ_v viii_o how_o long_o the_o right_n of_o punish_v may_v continue_v against_o a_o people_n ix_o whether_o a_o punishment_n may_v be_v inflict_v upon_o such_o as_o partake_v not_o of_o the_o fault_n x._o a_o distinction_n between_o that_o punishment_n that_o be_v inflict_v direct_o and_o that_o which_o come_v by_o consequence_n xi_o that_o which_o come_v by_o occasion_n of_o a_o fault_n distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o be_v inflict_v for_o the_o fault_n xii_o proper_o no_o man_n can_v be_v just_o punish_v for_o the_o fault_n of_o another_o xiii_o no_o not_o the_o child_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o their_o parent_n fourteen_o objection_n answer_v concern_v god_n deal_n with_o the_o child_n of_o guilty_a parent_n xv._o much_o less_o shall_v their_o punishment_n extend_v to_o their_o other_o relation_n xvi_o yet_o some_o thing_n may_v be_v deny_v unto_o these_o which_o otherwise_o they_o may_v have_v with_o example_n xvii_o neither_o can_v subject_n be_v proper_o punish_v for_o the_o default_n of_o their_o king_n xviii_o nor_o the_o dissent_v part_n for_o the_o crime_n of_o the_o major_a part_n xix_o the_o heir_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o the_o punishment_n of_o his_o ancestor_n as_o it_o be_v a_o punishment_n and_o why_o xx._n yet_o he_o shall_v if_o what_o be_v first_o inflict_v as_o a_o punishment_n do_v pass_v under_o another_o kind_n of_o debt_n i._o how_o by_o partake_v of_o the_o sin_n of_o another_o man_n we_o may_v be_v liable_a to_o his_o punishment_n so_o often_o as_o mention_n be_v make_v concern_v the_o communication_n of_o punishment_n either_o it_o concern_v those_o that_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o sin_n or_o some_o other_o they_o that_o partake_v of_o the_o sin_n be_v not_o so_o proper_o punish_v for_o other_o man_n sin_n as_o their_o own_o and_o who_o they_o be_v that_o partake_v of_o other_o man_n sin_n may_v easy_o be_v understand_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v above_o concern_v the_o damage_n that_o be_v occasion_v by_o a_o injury_n do_v for_o by_o the_o same_o way_n almost_o whereby_o a_o man_n be_v make_v guilty_a of_o that_o damage_n by_o the_o same_o may_v a_o man_n be_v make_v guilty_a of_o another_o man_n sin_n and_o yet_o not_o always_o where_o there_o be_v a_o obligation_n to_o satisfy_v for_o the_o damage_n there_o be_v the_o same_o to_o satisfy_v for_o the_o offence_n but_o there_o only_o where_o there_o be_v the_o concurrence_n of_o some_o notable_a malignity_n whereas_o ofttimes_o any_o offence_n may_v suffice_v to_o oblige_v a_o man_n to_o satisfy_v for_o the_o damage_n give_v he_o therefore_o that_o command_v a_o wicked_a act_n to_o be_v do_v as_o david_n do_v joab_n concern_v vriah_n he_o that_o give_v his_o consent_n be_v require_v as_o saul_n be_v say_v to_o stone_n st_n steven_n because_o he_o give_v his_o consent_n unto_o it_o for_o by_o the_o law_n facientem_fw-la &_o consentientem_fw-la par_fw-fr poena_fw-la constringit_fw-la the_o same_o punishment_n be_v due_a to_o he_o that_o commit_v a_o crime_n and_o to_o he_o that_o consent_v to_o the_o commit_n of_o it_o they_o that_o aid_n and_o assist_v in_o the_o act_n do_v they_o that_o receive_v or_o conceal_v the_o matter_n or_o any_o other_o way_n participate_v of_o the_o crime_n so_o st_n hierome_n not_o only_o the_o thief_n himself_o parabolas_fw-la sup._n parabolas_fw-la but_o he_o that_o know_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v steal_v and_o where_o it_o be_v conceal_v it_o or_o
they_o be_v protect_v until_o their_o cause_n be_v examine_v and_o by_o what_o law_n and_o this_o also_o be_v observable_a that_o suppliant_n may_v be_v defend_v until_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o case_n be_v right_o know_v thus_o demophon_n tell_v the_o ambassador_n of_o eurysthius_n who_o demand_v of_o he_o some_o that_o flee_v unto_o he_o for_o protection_n si_fw-mi crimen_fw-la istis_fw-la aliquod_fw-la hospitibus_fw-la struis_fw-la jus_fw-la impetrabis_fw-la vi_fw-la quidem_fw-la hinc_fw-la non_fw-la abstrahe_n if_o with_o foul_a crime_n you_o can_v they_o charge_n you_o may_v what_o be_v right_a obtain_v but_o not_o they_o force_v away_o but_o if_o the_o crime_n whereof_o they_o stand_v accuse_v be_v such_o as_o be_v neither_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n then_o shall_v they_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o suppliant_n come_v which_o aeschylus_n excellent_o prove_v in_o his_o tragedy_n of_o suppliant_n where_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o king_n of_o the_o argive_n bespeak_v a_o company_n of_o grecian_n that_o come_v out_o of_o egypt_n thus_o manum_fw-la tibi_fw-la si_fw-la immittat_fw-la aegypti_n genus_fw-la quod_fw-la lege_fw-la patria_fw-la proximos_fw-la se_fw-la sanguine_fw-la dicant_fw-la quis_fw-la haec_fw-la objicere_fw-la se_fw-la contra_fw-la velit_fw-la quare_fw-la tuum_fw-la est_fw-la docere_fw-la natalis_fw-la soli_fw-la exit_fw-la lege_fw-la nullo_n jure_fw-la te_fw-la illis_fw-la subjici_fw-la vii_o how_o subject_n may_v partake_v of_o their_o prince_n fault_n how_o the_o fault_n of_o subject_n whether_o native_n or_o stranger_n may_v be_v transfer_v to_o their_o governor_n we_o have_v already_o see_v now_o on_o the_o other_o side_n subject_n also_o may_v partake_v of_o their_o prince_n fault_n in_o case_n they_o either_o consent_n thereunto_o or_o act_v any_o thing_n at_o his_o command_n or_o by_o his_o persuasion_n that_o be_v wicked_a but_o hereof_o we_o shall_v discourse_v more_o proper_o anon_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o subject_n towards_o their_o prince_n there_o may_v be_v also_o a_o communication_n of_o crime_n between_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n and_o each_o particular_a member_n thereof_o because_o as_o st_n augustine_n observe_v vbi_fw-la universi_fw-la ibi_fw-la &_o singuli_fw-la universals_z can_v consist_v without_o individual_n so_o every_o single_a person_n be_v congregat_v and_o unite_a in_o one_o gross_a body_n do_v constitute_v a_o body_n universal_a but_o yet_o the_o fault_n commit_v by_o this_o body_n politic_a be_v proper_o transfer_v to_o those_o particular_a member_n only_o which_o do_v yield_v their_o consent_n unto_o those_o public_a act_n and_o not_o unto_o those_o who_o be_v over-voted_n by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o council_n and_o as_o the_o fault_n so_o the_o punishment_n of_o singular_a person_n orat._n lycurgus_n orat._n be_v distinct_a from_o those_o of_o the_o whole_a nation_n for_o as_o upon_o individual_a person_n the_o great_a punishment_n that_o can_v be_v inflict_v be_v death_n so_o the_o death_n of_o a_o city_n be_v desolation_n 4._o sup._n cap._n 9_o sect_n 4._o which_o happen_v when_o the_o body_n politic_a be_v whole_o dissolve_v that_o be_v when_o all_o the_o law_n privilege_n and_o other_o advantage_n thereof_o do_v utter_o fail_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v every_o single_a person_n may_v of_o a_o citizen_n become_v a_o slave_n as_o the_o theban_n be_v to_o alexander_n of_o macedon_n alex._n plut._n alex._n those_o only_o except_v that_o contradict_v the_o decree_n of_o dissolve_v the_o society_n so_o also_o a_o city_n or_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v reduce_v into_o a_o civil_a servitude_n by_o be_v make_v a_o province_n and_o every_o particular_a person_n may_v lose_v his_o propriety_n by_o confiscation_n and_o whatsoever_o that_o city_n or_o people_n hold_v in_o common_a as_o their_o wall_n their_o magazine_n their_o port_n man_n of_o war_n fleet_n elephant_n treasury_n yea_o and_o their_o common_a field_n all_o become_v the_o conqueror_n but_o for_o private_a man_n to_o lose_v their_o particular_a estate_n through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o universality_n without_o any_o consent_n of_o they_o be_v unjust_a as_o libanius_n very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o oration_n concern_v the_o antiochian_a sedition_n the_o same_o author_n approve_v the_o fact_n of_o theodosius_n for_o punish_v a_o common_a fault_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o public_a theatre_n bath_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v a_o metropolis_n which_o st_n chrysostome_n also_o confirm_v in_o his_o seventeen_o oration_n de_fw-fr statuis_fw-la after_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n be_v the_o same_o antiochian_o of_o old_a punish_v by_o m._n antoninus_n the_o philosopher_n etc._n etc._n viii_o whether_o a_o punishment_n once_o due_a may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v exact_v but_o here_o we_o meet_v with_o a_o notable_a question_n whether_o the_o punishment_n due_a for_o a_o injury_n do_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o any_o one_o city_n or_o state_n may_v at_o any_o time_n afterward_o be_v exact_v so_o long_o as_o that_o state_n city_n or_o commonwealth_n do_v subsist_v it_o may_v for_o that_o which_o be_v just_o due_a at_o all_o time_n may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v exact_v because_o the_o same_o body_n politic_a still_o remain_v though_o the_o individual_n succeed_v each_o to_o other_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v but_o yet_o on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o must_v note_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v primary_o and_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o every_o corporation_n as_o to_o have_v a_o public_a treasury_n to_o have_v law_n and_o the_o like_a other_o appertain_v thereunto_o derivative_o only_a from_o those_o individual_a person_n that_o inhabit_v therein_o in_o which_o sense_n a_o nation_n or_o city_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a valiant_a prudent_a if_o most_o or_o many_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o be_v such_o and_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o merit_n of_o a_o city_n for_o that_o which_o have_v no_o life_n can_v of_o itself_o contract_v any_o guilt_n but_o a_o city_n be_v say_v to_o be_v guilty_a in_o respect_n of_o those_o particular_a person_n who_o actual_o offend_v but_o they_o be_v dead_a by_o who_o the_o guilt_n be_v deduce_v to_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n the_o guilt_n die_v also_o and_o consequent_o the_o obligation_n to_o the_o punishment_n which_o without_o merit_n can_v consist_v thus_o libanius_n in_o his_o forecited_n oration_n there_o be_v no_o place_n leave_v for_o revenge_n where_o all_o be_v dead_a that_o give_v the_o offence_n wherefore_o alexander_n be_v high_o condemn_v by_o arrianus_n for_o his_o too_o much_o cruelty_n and_o injustice_n in_o his_o revenge_n take_v upon_o the_o persian_n there_o be_v no_o one_o person_n then_o live_v of_o those_o who_o have_v former_o offend_v the_o grecian_n and_o therefore_o julian_n ascribe_v that_o war_n to_o another_o cause_n there_o be_v never_o any_o war_n say_v he_o repute_v just_a laudatione_fw-la constantii_n laudatione_fw-la that_o be_v undertake_v for_o such_o a_o cause_n neither_o by_o the_o grecian_n against_o the_o trojan_n nor_o by_o the_o macedonian_n against_o the_o persian_n as_o may_v be_v make_v clear_a to_o any_o child_n for_o they_o never_o visit_v crime_n ancient_o commit_v by_o parent_n on_o their_o nephew_n or_o child_n but_o invade_v those_o only_a who_o have_v by_o force_n oppress_v the_o posterity_n of_o such_o as_o have_v well_o deserve_v and_o dispossess_v they_o of_o their_o kingdom_n concern_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o branchidae_n make_v by_o the_o same_o alexander_n curtius_n give_v his_o judgement_n thus_o if_o say_v he_o the_o same_o punishment_n have_v be_v inflict_v upon_o the_o traitor_n themselves_o it_o have_v be_v record_v as_o a_o act_n of_o his_o justice_n and_o not_o of_o his_o cruelty_n but_o the_o revenge_n fall_v upon_o the_o innocent_a whilst_o their_o posterity_n who_o never_o so_o much_o as_o see_v miletum_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o betray_v it_o to_o xerxes_n pay_v the_o price_n of_o their_o forefather_n sin_n the_o like_a judgement_n do_v arrianus_n pass_v upon_o alexander_n burn_v of_o persepolis_n in_o revenge_n for_o what_o the_o persian_n have_v long_o before_o do_v unto_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n but_o say_v arrianus_n in_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v not_o wise_o do_v of_o alexander_n neither_o can_v that_o be_v true_o say_v to_o be_v a_o just_a revenge_n upon_o those_o persian_n who_o have_v be_v dead_a long_o before_o for_o as_o to_o that_o answer_n which_o agathocles_n make_v to_o the_o just_a complaint_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o ithaca_n namely_o that_o the_o sicilian_n have_v of_o old_a suffer_v much_o more_o by_o their_o countryman_n ulysses_n none_o that_o hear_v of_o it_o but_o will_v think_v it_o ridiculous_a and_o plutarch_n in_o his_o book_n against_o herodotus_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o improbable_a that_o the_o corinthian_n shall_v revenge_v a_o injury_n do_v they_o by_o the_o
of_o israel_n 138._o quaest_n ad_fw-la orthod_n 138._o and_o have_v absolute_a power_n over_o their_o life_n take_v they_o away_o by_o the_o pestilence_n thereby_o punish_v both_o prince_n and_o people_n for_o as_o a_o good_a christian_a author_n say_v well_o king_n be_v never_o more_o severe_o punish_v than_o when_o they_o be_v punish_v in_o their_o subject_n and_o this_o be_v as_o just_a with_o god_n as_o it_o be_v with_o man_n ordinary_o to_o be_v whip_v on_o the_o back_n for_o a_o offence_n commit_v by_o the_o hand_n or_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o physician_n to_o burn_v a_o man_n on_o the_o great_a toe_n to_o cure_v he_o of_o a_o pain_n in_o the_o hip_n as_o plutarch_n make_v the_o comparison_n but_o why_o this_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o man_n we_o have_v already_o show_v xviii_o nor_n dissenter_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o major_a part_n the_o self_n same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o punishment_n of_o such_o particular_a person_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v proper_o their_o own_o as_o do_v not_o consent_v unto_o those_o injury_n that_o be_v commit_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n xix_o the_o heir_n not_o oblige_v to_o his_o father_n punishment_n as_o such_o and_o why_o but_o why_o the_o heir_n that_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o other_o debt_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o this_o of_o punishment_n the_o true_a cause_n be_v because_o the_o heir_n represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o decease_a not_o in_o merit_n which_o be_v mere_o personal_a but_o in_o his_o good_n whereunto_o that_o those_o also_o that_o be_v owe_v unto_o any_o man_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o very_a inequality_n of_o thing_n shall_v cohere_v be_v at_o the_o first_o by_o a_o general_a consent_n introduce_v with_o dominion_n itself_o rhodiana_n orat._n rhodiana_n for_o as_o dion_n prusiensis_fw-la observe_v whatsoever_o be_v owe_v by_o the_o father_n be_v no_o less_o due_a from_o his_o posterity_n neither_o can_v you_o just_o charge_v it_o upon_o we_o that_o we_o have_v renounce_v our_o inheritance_n so_o likewise_o cicero_n there_o be_v no_o person_n so_o fit_a to_o succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o decease_a as_o the_o right_a heir_n xx._n yet_o he_o be_v if_o that_o punishment_n be_v change_v into_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o debt_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o beyond_o the_o merit_n there_o appear_v any_o new_a cause_n of_o obligation_n than_o even_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v just_o due_a though_o not_o proper_o as_o a_o punishment_n so_o we_o have_v see_v that_o sometime_o after_o the_o sentence_n be_v past_a and_o sometime_o after_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o such_o thing_n as_o will_v admit_v of_o a_o composition_n the_o mulct_n or_o pecuniary_a punishment_n shall_v be_v recover_v from_o the_o heir_n as_o even_o that_o also_o which_o be_v draw_v into_o that_o agreement_n because_o there_o now_o appear_v a_o new_a cause_n of_o obligation_n chap._n xxii_o of_o cause_n of_o war_n that_o be_v unjust_a i._o the_o difference_n between_o cause_n that_o be_v just_a and_o such_o as_o be_v suasory_n only_o explain_v ii_o the_o war_n that_o have_v neither_o of_o these_o be_v brutish_a iii_o that_o war_n that_o have_v cause_n suasory_n only_o not_o justify_v be_v predary_n iv_o there_o be_v some_o cause_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v just_a which_o be_v not_o v._o as_o uncertain_a fear_n vi_o profit_n without_o necessity_n vii_o the_o denial_n of_o wife_n where_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o woman_n viii_o the_o desire_n to_o plant_v in_o a_o better_a soil_n ix_o the_o find_v out_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v preoccupyed_n by_o other_o x._o what_o if_o those_o pre-occupier_n be_v altogether_o mad_a xi_o the_o desire_n of_o liberty_n no_o just_a cause_n in_o such_o as_o be_v subject_n xii_o nor_o the_o desire_n to_o rule_v over_o other_o without_o their_o consent_n though_o for_o their_o good_a xiii_o nor_o the_o title_n of_o be_v universal_a monarch_n which_o some_o have_v give_v to_o the_o emperor_n which_o be_v refute_v fourteen_o which_o other_o give_v to_o the_o church_n which_o be_v also_o refute_v xv._o as_o also_o a_o pretence_n to_o fulfil_v some_o prophecy_n without_o a_o special_a command_n from_o god_n xvi_o as_o also_o a_o pretence_n of_o some_o due_a debt_n though_o not_o in_o strictness_n of_o right_n but_o some_o other_o way_n vii_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o war_n who_o cause_n be_v unjust_a and_o that_o which_o be_v some_o other_o way_n unjust_a and_o the_o divers_a effect_n of_o both_o i._o the_o difference_n between_o the_o true_a and_o the_o pretend_a cause_n of_o war._n of_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n some_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v above_o 1._o above_o lib._n 2._o c._n 1._o justify_v some_o suasory_n only_o those_o that_o be_v unjust_a have_v notwithstanding_o always_o some_o specious_a pretence_n or_o other_o to_o make_v the_o war_n to_o appear_v just_a which_o polybius_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o other_o he_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o true_a cause_n which_o ofttimes_o lie_v couchant_a whilst_o something_o that_o be_v more_o plausible_a be_v expose_v to_o the_o public_a view_n as_o in_o the_o war_n which_o alexander_n make_v against_o darius_n the_o preface_n or_o pretence_n be_v to_o revenge_v some_o wrong_n which_o the_o persian_n have_v long_o before_o do_v unto_o the_o grecian_n but_o the_o true_a cause_n be_v ambition_n and_o a_o vehement_a thirst_n after_o sovereignty_n and_o riches_n which_o also_o be_v very_o much_o heighten_v by_o the_o facility_n of_o the_o enterprise_n which_o he_o collect_v from_o the_o success_n which_o both_o xenophon_n and_o agesilaus_n have_v before_o in_o their_o several_a expedition_n thucydides_n distinguish_v they_o into_o the_o outward_a show_n and_o the_o inward_a truth_n as_o when_o the_o athenian_n make_v war_n against_o sicily_n they_o open_o declare_v that_o it_o be_v only_o to_o aid_v the_o aegestan_n but_o the_o naked_a truth_n be_v to_o gain_v sicily_n to_o themselves_o appian_n also_o have_v the_o very_a same_o expression_n in_o the_o war_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o mithridates_n and_o also_o in_o his_o five_o book_n of_o their_o civil_a war_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o peace_n break_v between_o octavius_n and_o sextus_n pompeius_n he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o cause_n which_o be_v true_a but_o latent_fw-la and_o other_o that_o be_v feign_v and_o pretend_v only_o the_o one_o be_v but_o as_o a_o cloak_n or_o vizard_n the_o other_o be_v the_o real_a purpose_n and_o intention_n it_o be_v true_a what_o procopius_n in_o his_o persian_a war_n say_v 2._o lib._n 2._o stultum_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la libere_fw-la loqui_fw-la ubi_fw-la justitia_fw-la dux_fw-la est_fw-la comes_fw-la utilitas_fw-la it_o be_v but_o folly_n to_o dissemble_v where_o justice_n be_v our_o guide_n and_o profit_v our_o companion_n the_o pretence_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n be_v a_o contest_v about_o saguntum_n but_o the_o true_a cause_n be_v the_o secret_a disgust_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v against_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o hard_a condition_n they_o have_v impose_v on_o they_o in_o the_o low_a ebb_n of_o their_o fortune_n and_o the_o great_a confidence_n they_o have_v in_o their_o own_o strength_n upon_o some_o prosperous_a success_n they_o then_o have_v in_o spain_n as_o polybius_n observe_v the_o same_o distinction_n we_o find_v use_v by_o livy_n 7._o liv._o lib._n 7._o in_o the_o oration_n make_v by_o the_o campane_n to_o the_o roman_n concern_v their_o engagement_n against_o the_o samnite_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v only_o to_o assist_v the_o sedicine_n but_o their_o main_a end_n be_v their_o own_o defence_n because_o they_o foresee_v that_o when_o their_o neighbour_n house_n be_v burn_v the_o fire_n will_v quick_o reach_v they_o so_o when_o antiochus_n make_v war_n against_o the_o roman_n his_o pretence_n be_v to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o barcilla_n and_o some_o other_o wrong_v receive_v 36._o lib._n 36._o but_o the_o true_a cause_n be_v the_o great_a hope_n he_o have_v to_o make_v some_o advantage_n to_o himself_o of_o the_o looseness_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n and_z and_o plutarch_n observe_v that_o when_o cicero_n object_v against_o anthony_n that_o he_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n it_o be_v but_o a_o pretence_n for_o caesar_n resolve_v to_o make_v war_n take_v only_o his_o pretence_n from_o anthony_n ii_o a_o war_n without_o any_o cause_n be_v brutish_a some_o there_o be_v that_o be_v carry_v headlong_o into_o war_n without_o either_o of_o these_o cause_n periculorum_fw-la propter_fw-la se_fw-la avidi_fw-la that_o delight_n only_o in_o sweat_n and_o blood_n and_o that_o live_v whole_o upon_o spoil_n and_o rapine_n this_o be_v a_o vice_n so_o much_o beneath_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n that_o aristotle_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o savageness_n proper_a to_o wild_a beast_n only_o and_o so_o do_v seneca_n 7._o lib._n 2._o the_o clem_v cap._n 7._o non_fw-la crudelitatem_fw-la sed_fw-la feritatem_fw-la dicimus_fw-la we_o can_v so_o proper_o call_v it_o cruelty_n as_o a_o kind_n of_o savage_a fierceness_n to_o delight_v in_o blood_n we_o may_v also_o call_v it_o madness_n whereof_o as_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n so_o be_v there_o divers_a symptom_n but_o none_o more_o certain_a than_o that_o which_o delight_v in_o humane_a slaughter_n wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o aristotle_n he_o be_v cruel_a with_o a_o witness_n who_o be_v so_o far_o transport_v with_o a_o thirst_n after_o humane_a blood_n that_o he_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o friend_n and_o foe_n and_o that_o also_o of_o dion_n prusiensis_fw-la to_o engage_v ourselves_o in_o unnecessary_a war_n and_o to_o rush_v into_o battle_n without_o any_o provocation_n be_v a_o mere_a madness_n so_o likewise_o say_v seneca_n 37._o orat._n 37._o there_o be_v few_o or_o none_o so_o savage_a as_o to_o shed_v humane_a blood_n prodigal_o and_o that_o for_o blood_n sake_n only_o iii_o the_o war_n that_o have_v no_o justify_v cause_n be_v but_o predatory_a most_o man_n that_o make_v war_n have_v some_o cause_n that_o move_v they_o thereto_o some_o whereof_z have_v matter_n sufficient_a to_o justify_v they_o other_o none_o at_o all_o of_o this_o latter_a sort_n be_v that_o war_n make_v by_o the_o heruli_n against_o the_o lombard_n a_o war_n without_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o and_o such_o be_v the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o gaul_n as_o livy_n testify_v who_o think_v the_o best_a right_a to_o consist_v in_o their_o arm_n and_o that_o the_o long_a sword_n may_v take_v all_o but_o in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n qui_fw-la rogatus_fw-la de_fw-fr possidendi_fw-la causa_fw-la nullam_fw-la aliam_fw-la adfert_fw-la quam_fw-la quod_fw-la possideat_fw-la praedae_fw-la est_fw-la he_o who_o be_v demand_v by_o what_o right_a he_o hold_v any_o thing_n can_v show_v none_o but_o that_o have_v get_v it_o he_o will_v keep_v it_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o thief_n a_o pirate_n or_o a_o usurper_n of_o another_o man_n right_a so_o aristotle_n of_o such_o as_o excite_v other_o to_o war_n say_v that_o they_o regard_v not_o at_o all_o whether_o to_o subdue_v their_o innocent_a neighbour_n be_v just_a or_o not_o such_o a_o one_o be_v brennus_n who_o hold_v that_o he_o have_v the_o best_a right_n to_o all_o who_o be_v strong_a of_o all_o such_o a_o one_o silius_n thought_n annibal_n to_o be_v pro_fw-la foedere_fw-la próque_fw-la justitia_fw-la est_fw-la ensis_fw-la who_o sword_n do_v awe_v both_o league_n and_o law_n and_o such_o be_v attila_n and_o all_o those_o who_o look_v not_o at_o the_o cause_n but_o at_o the_o success_n of_o war_n according_a to_o that_o vulgar_a say_n of_o most_o soldier_n quaeritur_fw-la belli_fw-la exitus_fw-la non_fw-la causa_fw-la it_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o end_n that_o crown_v the_o war._n for_o when_o once_o the_o dispute_n come_v to_o blow_n the_o vanquish_a party_n can_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o argument_n convince_v the_o conqueror_n that_o he_o be_v in_o a_o error_n nor_o shall_v reason_n be_v hear_v when_o the_o sword_n have_v decide_v the_o quarrel_n haec_fw-la acies_fw-la victum_fw-la factura_fw-la nocentem_fw-la est_fw-la this_o battle_n will_v the_o vanquish_v guilty_a make_v for_o let_v the_o cause_n be_v what_o it_o will_v the_o conquer_a party_n must_v be_v guilty_a still_o whereunto_o that_o of_o st_n augustine_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v 6._o de_fw-fr civit._n l._n 4._o c._n 6._o to_o invade_v the_o dominion_n of_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o be_v encourage_v by_o success_n to_o proceed_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o waste_v their_o country_n and_o out_o of_o mere_a ambition_n to_o destroy_v those_o who_o never_o injure_v we_o quid_fw-la aliud_fw-la nisi_fw-la grande_fw-fr latrocinium_fw-la nominandum_fw-la est_fw-la what_o can_v we_o call_v this_o but_o a_o grand_a robbery_n of_o such_o war_n as_o these_o thus_o speak_v vellejus_n that_o they_o be_v make_v for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o for_o pay_v and_o plunder_v so_o think_v cicero_n also_o that_o pride_n and_o haughtiness_n of_o spirit_n â—_o de_fw-fr off._n lib._n â—_o whereby_o we_o confront_v danger_n and_o endure_v all_o manner_n of_o hardship_n be_v no_o part_n of_o true_a valour_n if_o justice_n be_v want_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n speak_v agathias_n 2._o lib._n 2._o they_o who_o be_v transport_v either_o with_o a_o insatiable_a desire_n of_o rule_n or_o of_o riches_n or_o by_o a_o violent_a hatred_n shall_v without_o any_o other_o cause_n invade_v another_o man_n dominion_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o offend_v those_o that_o be_v inoffensive_a these_o man_n say_v he_o be_v both_o proud_a and_o dishonest_a of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v andronicus_n rhodius_n they_o who_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o do_v rob_v other_o be_v account_v wicked_a impious_a and_o unjust_a and_o such_o be_v tyrant_n and_o they_o who_o for_o plunder_v make_v city_n desolate_a 1._o ferinum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la caedes_fw-la &_o vastationes_fw-la nulla_fw-la accepta_fw-la injuria_fw-la venire_fw-la see_v bo._n 2._o chap._n 1._o §._o 1._o concern_v who_o philo_n upon_o the_o decalogue_n write_v thus_o they_o that_o have_v get_v the_o power_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n that_o spoil_v whole_a city_n be_v secure_v from_o punishment_n by_o be_v above_o the_o law_n these_o be_v man_n of_o a_o barbarous_a nature_n ambitious_a of_o rule_n and_o dominion_n commit_v great_a robbery_n yet_o cloak_v their_o villainy_n under_o the_o specious_a name_n of_o magistracy_n and_o empire_n which_o may_v more_o proper_o be_v call_v notorious_a villainy_n for_o to_o waste_v and_o depopulate_v country_n be_v by_o no_o injury_n provoke_v be_v brutish_a cruelty_n iv_o some_o cause_n be_v specious_a but_o not_o just_a other_o there_o be_v that_o pretend_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o just_a and_o warrantable_a ground_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v thorough_o search_v into_o will_v be_v find_v unjust_a and_o as_o livy_n speak_v a_o contest_v not_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o law_n or_o justice_n but_o by_o plain_a force_n some_o prince_n say_v plutarch_n make_v the_o same_o use_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n as_o private_a man_n do_v of_o money_n not_o always_o for_o just_a end_n but_o for_o end_n suitable_a to_o their_o own_o fancy_n now_o though_o what_o cause_n be_v unjust_a may_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n know_v by_o those_o that_o be_v just_a rectum_fw-la enim_fw-la est_fw-la obliqui_fw-la judex_fw-la for_o by_o a_o line_n that_o be_v straight_o we_o may_v easy_o discern_v that_o which_o be_v crooked_a yet_o for_o plainness_n and_o perspicuity_n we_o shall_v insist_v upon_o the_o principal_a head_n of_o they_o v._o as_o a_o uncertain_a fear_n and_o first_o our_o fear_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o swell_a power_n of_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o a_o just_a war_n for_o that_o our_o defence_n by_o arm_n be_v just_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v necessary_a which_o it_o can_v be_v unless_o we_o be_v most_o assure_v not_o only_o that_o he_o against_o who_o we_o make_v war_n have_v a_o power_n to_o do_v we_o wrong_n but_o that_o he_o have_v also_o a_o full_a purpose_n and_o resolution_n so_o to_o do_v which_o certain_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o as_o take_v place_n in_o moral_a matter_n that_o therefore_o our_o neighbour_n be_v not_o restrain_v by_o any_o former_a agreement_n build_v a_o fort_n in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o own_o dominion_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v be_v hereafter_o annoy_v be_v no_o just_a ground_n for_o we_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o because_o for_o prevention_n we_o also_o may_v do_v the_o like_a in_o any_o part_n of_o our_o own_o territory_n 1._o zonaras_n pausanias_n lib._n 1._o or_o apply_v ourselves_o to_o other_o the_o like_a remedy_n and_o not_o by_o war._n whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n against_o philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o that_o make_v by_o lysimachus_n against_o demetrius_n be_v unjust_a unless_o warrant_v by_o the_o access_n of_o some_o other_o cause_n cauchi_n the_o cauchi_n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v with_o that_o of_o tacitus_n concern_v the_o cauchi_n the_o noble_a people_n of_o all_o germany_n who_o say_v he_o support_v their_o grandeur_n by_o justice_n without_o any_o extraordinary_a affectation_n either_o of_o glory_n or_o riches_n and_o yet_o without_o any_o disability_n or_o want_n of_o power_n to_o either_o they_o live_v quiet_o and_o without_o noise_n provoke_v no_o war_n nor_o be_v they_o waste_v by_o spoil_n or_o pillage_n spain_n though_o our_o own_o uncertain_a fear_n be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o we_o to_o make_v war_n yet_o may_v we_o use_v all_o lawful_a mean_n cautious_o to_o prevent_v danger_n before_o they_o fall_v this_o be_v
not_o into_o the_o world_n to_o invade_v another_o man_n glory_n but_o to_o communicate_v his_o own_o not_o to_o usurp_v a_o earthly_a kingdom_n but_o to_o confer_v a_o heavenly_a st_n paul_n tell_v timothy_n that_o a_o bishop_n shall_v be_v no_o striker_n 1_o tim._n 3.2_o nor_o rule_n by_o constraint_n or_o compulsion_n for_o to_o dâ—ive_v by_o force_n better_a become_v a_o king_n than_o a_o bishop_n prince_n may_v exercise_v their_o power_n in_o punish_v offender_n to_o deter_v they_o from_o do_v evil_a 2._o de_fw-fr sacerd._n l._n 2._o but_o what_o we_o do_v say_v chrysostome_n must_v be_v not_o by_o coercion_n but_o by_o persuasion_n whereunto_o he_o add_v this_o reason_n for_o god_n crown_v not_o our_o force_a but_o our_o voluntary_a or_o as_o st_n paul_n speak_v our_o reasonable_a service_n 1.4_o ad_fw-la eph._n 1.4_o so_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v our_o duty_n to_o instruct_v persuade_v exhort_v and_o reprove_v but_o not_o to_o command_v or_o to_o compel_v consiliariorum_fw-la locum_fw-la obtinemus_fw-la we_o serve_v as_o councillor_n to_o advice_n and_o to_o give_v our_o opinion_n but_o still_o we_o leave_v our_o auditor_n to_o their_o free_a choice_n whether_o they_o will_v act_v according_o or_o no_o we_o have_v no_o such_o power_n give_v we_o as_o to_o restrain_v man_n from_o sin_v by_o severe_a punishment_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o bishop_n as_o such_o have_v no_o right_n of_o domination_n over_o man_n nepotiani_n in_o epitaphio_fw-la nepotiani_n as_o king_n and_o prince_n have_v st_n hierome_n distinguish_v between_o a_o king_n and_o a_o bishop_n conclude_v that_o the_o power_n of_o a_o bishop_n be_v much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o a_o king_n for_o a_o king_n may_v enforce_v to_o a_o unwilling_a obedience_n but_o a_o bishop_n have_v no_o power_n but_o over_o such_o as_o be_v willing_a to_o obey_v he_o episcopus_fw-la docet_fw-la ne_fw-la judex_n inveniat_fw-la quod_fw-la puniat_fw-la the_o bishop_n instruct_v and_o admonish_v that_o the_o magistrate_n may_v find_v no_o cause_n to_o punish_v it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o frederick_n the_o emperor_n concern_v the_o pope_n ecclesiam_fw-la regat_fw-la ille_fw-la svam_fw-la divinaque_fw-la jura_fw-la temperet_fw-la imperium_fw-la nobis_fw-la fascesque_fw-la relinquat_fw-la let_v he_o his_o own_o church_n rule_v by_o law_n divine_a but_o let_v the_o sword_n and_o sceptre_n still_o be_v i_o and_o when_o suenno_n king_n of_o denmark_n stand_v excommunicate_a william_n bishop_n of_o rosâ—hil_n in_o oppose_v himself_o against_o he_o at_o his_o entrance_n into_o the_o church_n with_o his_o pastoral_a staff_n and_o expose_v his_o breast_n naked_a to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n who_o offer_v to_o draw_v upon_o he_o do_v therein_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a bishop_n the_o like_a do_v st_n ambrose_n to_o the_o emperor_n valentinus_n as_o we_o have_v declare_v above_o 5._o bo._n 1._o ch_n 4._o §._o 5._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o king_n themselves_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o such_o as_o have_v reject_v christianity_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o discourse_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o punishment_n as_o far_o as_o suffice_v to_o our_o purpose_n xv._o the_o pretence_n of_o fulfil_n of_o prophecy_n no_o cause_n of_o war._n and_o hereof_o also_o i_o shall_v give_v my_o advice_n and_o that_o not_o in_o vain_a but_o because_o i_o foresee_v by_o compare_v these_o modern_a time_n with_o those_o long_o since_o past_a much_o mischief_n likely_a to_o ensue_v unless_o in_o time_n careful_o prevent_v that_o the_o hope_n we_o conceive_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v due_a unto_o we_o by_o our_o own_o interpretation_n of_o some_o divine_a prophecy_n can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war._n zozimus_n record_v it_o of_o nicomedes_n the_o son_n of_o prusias_n that_o mis-appling_a a_o prophecy_n of_o one_o of_o the_o sibyl_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o attalus_n make_v war_n against_o his_o own_o father_n the_o like_a he_o and_o ammianus_n relate_v of_o one_o theodorus_n so_o do_v procopius_n of_o john_n of_o cappadocia_n gratian._n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n gratian._n for_o beside_o that_o those_o prophecy_n which_o be_v not_o fulfil_v can_v certain_o be_v understand_v without_o a_o prophetic_a spirit_n the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o such_o as_o be_v certain_a may_v be_v hide_v from_o we_o and_o last_o the_o bare_a prediction_n unless_o it_o be_v back_v with_o a_o express_a command_n from_o god_n give_v no_o right_a to_o any_o man_n sâ—eing_v that_o god_n permit_v such_o thing_n as_o he_o predict_v to_o be_v sometime_o bring_v to_o pass_v by_o wicked_a man_n and_o by_o wicked_a action_n for_o the_o book_n of_o the_o prophet_n be_v shut_v and_o seal_v up_o until_o a_o certain_a time_n so_o that_o they_o can_v be_v understand_v dan._n 12.4.8.9_o the_o vision_n that_o the_o prophet_n habbakkuk_n see_v concern_v the_o judgement_n to_o fall_v on_o the_o chaldaean_n be_v not_o immediate_o to_o be_v inflict_v on_o they_o but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fulfil_v in_o its_o appoint_a time_n in_o the_o end_n whereof_o say_v that_o vision_n it_o shall_v speak_v and_o not_o lie_v though_o it_o do_v tarry_v yet_o be_v the_o prophet_n to_o wait_v for_o it_o for_o it_o shall_v sure_o come_v to_o pass_v and_o not_o stay_v hab._n 2.3_o time_n then_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o prophecy_n st_n jerome_n upon_o that_o place_n of_o daniel_n before-recited_n write_v thus_o if_o the_o prophet_n do_v hear_v and_o not_o understand_v what_o will_v they_o do_v who_o presume_v on_o their_o own_o understanding_n have_v publish_v this_o book_n which_o be_v seal_v up_o and_o until_o the_o time_n come_v for_o its_o accomplishment_n so_o procopius_n concern_v the_o oracle_n of_o the_o sibyl_n which_o say_v he_o i_o believe_v be_v beyond_o all_o humane_a power_n to_o unfold_v until_o the_o time_n come_v when_o they_o shall_v be_v fulfil_v let_v divine_n therefore_o take_v heed_n how_o they_o undertake_v to_o unriddle_v prophecy_n and_o let_v politician_n beware_v how_o they_o give_v credit_n to_o over-arrogating_a divine_n though_o the_o thing_n predict_v be_v certain_o to_o come_v to_o pass_v yet_o be_v the_o time_n and_o mean_n when_o and_o whereby_o they_o be_v to_o be_v accomplish_v very_o uncertain_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o dishonour_n to_o profess_v our_o ignorance_n of_o they_o eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la scire_fw-la nec_fw-la datur_fw-la nec_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la docta_fw-la est_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la scientiae_fw-la appetus_fw-la insaniae_fw-la species_n some_o kind_n of_o madness_n it_o be_v to_o desire_v to_o know_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v therefore_o screen_v from_o we_o that_o we_o shall_v not_o know_v they_o the_o secret_a thing_n belong_v unto_o god_n but_o the_o thing_n reveal_v unto_o we_o deut._n 29.29_o xvi_o nor_o a_o debt_n not_o strict_o due_a but_o some_o other_o way_n thus_o also_o be_v it_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o case_n any_o thing_n be_v owe_v to_o a_o man_n not_o strict_o out_o of_o justice_n but_o arise_v from_o some_o other_o virtue_n as_o from_o liberality_n favour_n mercy_n love_n or_o the_o like_a as_o it_o can_v be_v recover_v by_o any_o course_n of_o law_n so_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v require_v by_o war._n for_o to_o either_o of_o these_o it_o suffice_v not_o that_o what_o be_v require_v be_v for_o some_o moral_a reason_n to_o be_v do_v but_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v in_o we_o some_o kind_n of_o right_n unto_o that_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o right_a as_o the_o law_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a do_v sometime_o give_v even_o unto_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v due_a by_o other_o virtue_n which_o when_o it_o happen_v than_o it_o become_v a_o debt_n after_o a_o new_a way_n which_o now_o appertain_v to_o justice_n but_o this_o be_v want_v the_o war_n that_o be_v make_v for_o this_o cause_n be_v unjust_a as_o be_v that_o war_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o king_n of_o cyprus_n or_o ingratitude_n for_o he_o that_o do_v a_o courtesy_n to_o another_o have_v no_o right_a to_o exact_v thanks_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o a_o courtesy_n but_o a_o contract_n or_o debt_n xvii_o though_o the_o war_n be_v just_a yet_o the_o manner_n of_o prosecute_a it_o may_v make_v it_o unjust_a it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o there_o be_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n yet_o may_v this_o just_a cause_n be_v spoil_v by_o the_o access_n of_o some_o vice_n that_o cleave_v to_o the_o action_n from_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o agent_n either_o that_o something_o else_o not_o by_o itself_o unlawful_a do_v more_o efficacious_o move_v we_o to_o the_o war_n than_o the_o right_n itself_o as_o when_o we_o have_v a_o great_a prospect_n unto_o glory_n or_o when_o some_o kind_n of_o profit_n either_o public_a or_o
necessity_n nisi_fw-la malint_fw-la fame_n perire_fw-la unless_o they_o have_v rather_o perish_v by_o famine_n for_o as_o anaxilaus_n in_o xenophon_n apoligize_v for_o his_o surrender_n of_o byzantium_n be_v thereunto_o constrain_v for_o want_n of_o bread_n pugnandum_fw-la est_fw-la hominibus_fw-la in_o homines_fw-la non_fw-la in_o rerum_fw-la naturam_fw-la man_n ought_v to_o fight_v against_o man_n but_o not_o against_o nature_n neither_o do_v man_n commend_v a_o voluntary_a death_n so_o long_o as_o their_o hope_n be_v above_o their_o fear_n that_o sentence_n which_o diodorus_n siculus_n pass_v against_o the_o theban_n which_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a stand_v yet_o upon_o record_n namely_o that_o they_o be_v the_o author_n of_o their_o own_o ruin_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v with_o more_o courage_n than_o prudence_n provoke_v alexander_n to_o their_o own_o destruction_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o same_o author_n examine_v the_o ground_n of_o that_o war_n which_o the_o thracian_n undertake_v against_o alexander_n army_n after_o his_o death_n say_v that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n they_o have_v consult_v well_o for_o their_o own_o glory_n but_o not_o so_o well_o for_o their_o own_o profit_n by_o thrust_v themselves_o over-hasty_o into_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enterprise_n be_v no_o way_n urge_v thereunto_o by_o any_o necessity_n but_o especial_o be_v forewarn_v by_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o theban_n the_o like_a censure_n do_v plutarch_n pass_v upon_o cato_n and_o scipio_n who_o for_o refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o caesar_n after_o his_o victory_n in_o pharsalia_n he_o condemn_v as_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o so_o many_o and_o so_o gallant_a man_n do_v unnecessary_o perish_v in_o africa_n now_o what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v concern_v liberty_n may_v likewise_o be_v say_v concern_v other_o thing_n that_o be_v desiderable_a when_o they_o can_v be_v obtain_v without_o if_o not_o a_o more_o just_a yet_o at_o least_o a_o equal_a expectation_n of_o some_o great_a mischief_n for_o as_o aristides_n say_v to_o preserve_v the_o ship_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o good_n be_v usual_a but_o not_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o passenger_n vii_o war_n seldom_o make_v for_o punishment_n by_o prince_n of_o equal_a power_n this_o also_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o war_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o make_v for_o exact_v punishment_n only_o by_o such_o prince_n or_o state_n as_o be_v of_o equal_a power_n for_o as_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n so_o he_o that_o undertake_v to_o punish_v injury_n by_o arm_n must_v always_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v of_o power_n sufficient_a to_o enforce_v it_o neither_o be_v it_o prudence_n only_o or_o the_o love_n we_o bear_v to_o our_o subject_n that_o shall_v dissuade_v we_o from_o a_o doubtful_a war_n but_o sometime_o even_a justice_n that_o i_o mean_v which_o be_v essential_a to_o government_n which_o require_v as_o obedience_n from_o inferior_n so_o protection_n and_o preservation_n from_o superior_n and_o consequent_o as_o some_o divine_n have_v right_o observe_v if_o a_o king_n for_o any_o small_a or_o trife_v cause_n as_o for_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n which_o be_v unnecessary_a loss_n in_o what_o case_n a_o prince_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v his_o subject_n loss_n engage_v his_o subject_n in_o a_o dangerous_a war_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o loss_n they_o shall_v thereby_o sustain_v for_o although_o to_o his_o enemy_n haply_o he_o do_v no_o wrong_n who_o have_v just_o provoke_v he_o yet_o do_v he_o thereby_o wrong_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o involve_v they_o in_o a_o dangerous_a war_n for_o such_o slight_a cause_n as_o may_v better_a have_v be_v dissemble_v and_o be_v therefore_o bind_v to_o repair_v their_o damage_n in_o which_o sense_n that_o of_o livy_n hold_v true_a justum_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la quod_fw-la necessarium_fw-la est_fw-la &_o pia_fw-la arma_fw-la quibus_fw-la nulla_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la relinquitur_fw-la spes_fw-la that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v necessary_a and_o arm_n be_v there_o necessary_a when_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o safety_n but_o by_o arms._n this_o be_v ovid_n wish_n 1._o ovid._n fast_o 1._o sola_fw-la gerat_fw-la mile_n quibus_fw-la arma_fw-la coerceat_fw-la arma_fw-la may_v then_o the_o soldier_n arm_v be_v when_o he_o repel_v his_o enemy_n viii_o war_n not_o to_o be_v undertake_v but_o in_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n there_o be_v then_o one_o rare_a cause_n when_o war_n either_o can_v or_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v as_o namely_o when_o as_o flora_n speak_v jura_n sunt_fw-la armis_fw-la saeviora_fw-la law_n be_v more_o cruel_a than_o war_n itself_o that_o be_v when_o the_o oppression_n of_o tyrant_n be_v more_o greivious_a than_o the_o misery_n of_o war._n he_o say_v seneca_n need_v not_o to_o fear_v the_o misery_n of_o war_n that_o suffer_v the_o like_a if_o not_o great_a live_v in_o peace_n so_o aristides_n when_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o our_o condition_n will_v be_v worse_o in_o sit_v still_o than_o we_o may_v adventure_v upon_o the_o danger_n of_o war._n neither_o be_v that_o opinion_n of_o tacitus_n much_o to_o be_v condemn_v where_o he_o say_v that_o a_o miserable_a peace_n may_v well_o be_v exchange_v for_o a_o doubtful_a war_n that_o be_v as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v when_o if_o we_o conquer_v we_o enjoy_v our_o freedom_n or_o be_v conquer_v our_o condition_n can_v be_v no_o worse_o or_o when_o as_o livy_n speak_v peace_n be_v more_o grievous_a to_o those_o that_o serve_v than_o war_n be_v to_o those_o that_o be_v free_a but_o not_o as_o cicero_n put_v the_o case_n if_o it_o appear_v that_o be_v conquer_a we_o shall_v be_v proscribe_v i._n e._n our_o estate_n shall_v be_v sell_v and_o our_o person_n banish_v but_o be_v conqueror_n we_o change_v only_o our_o oppressor_n but_o be_v not_o ease_v of_o our_o oppression_n ix_o or_o without_o great_a cause_n and_o great_a advantage_n another_o time_n when_o war_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o peace_n peace_n be_v when_o upon_o a_o rational_a debate_n we_o find_v that_o we_o have_v the_o best_a right_n and_o which_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n power_n sufficient_a to_o defend_v it_o that_o be_v as_o augustus_n in_o suetonius_n sometime_o say_v 24._o say_v sueton._n c._n 24._o when_o there_o be_v more_o hope_n of_o gain_n than_o fear_v of_o loss_n or_o as_o scipio_n africanus_n and_o l._n aemilius_n paulus_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v of_o the_o battle_n 2._o battle_n awl_n gel._n l._n 13._o c._n 3._o val._n max._n l._n 7._o c._n 2._o we_o ought_v not_o to_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n but_o upon_o some_o unavoidable_a necessity_n or_o upon_o great_a and_o manifest_a advantage_n wherewith_o accord_n that_o of_o plutarch_n gracchis_n plutarch_n gracchis_n before-recited_n to_o use_v iron_n and_o steel_n without_o very_o great_a necessity_n neither_o become_v a_o good_a physician_n nor_o a_o prudent_a state_n man_n the_o like_a zonara_n record_n of_o marcianus_n king_n when_o they_o may_v lawful_o enjoy_v peace_n ought_v not_o to_o make_v war._n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o st._n augustine_n pacem_fw-la habere_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la autem_fw-la necessitatis_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la ut_fw-la liberet_fw-la nos_fw-la deus_fw-la à _fw-la necessitate_v &_o conservet_fw-la in_o pace_n peace_n we_o shall_v make_v voluntary_o war_n out_o of_o necessity_n that_o so_o god_n may_v relieve_v we_o in_o our_o necessity_n and_o preserve_v we_o in_o peace_n but_o then_o most_o especial_o may_v we_o make_v war_n when_o we_o have_v good_a cause_n to_o hope_n that_o our_o enemy_n through_o fear_n or_o by_o the_o fame_n of_o our_o victory_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o yield_v without_o any_o or_o very_o little_a danger_n on_o our_o part_n and_o this_o be_v as_o pliny_n call_v it_o the_o most_o glorious_a of_o all_o victory_n x._o the_o misery_n of_o war._n war_n indeed_o be_v as_o plutarch_n speak_v eamilli_n speak_v vit._n eamilli_n a_o very_a savage_a thing_n and_o never_o come_v unaccompanied_a with_o a_o torrent_n of_o mischief_n and_o insolence_n which_o say_v st._n aug._n 7._o aug._n de_fw-fr civet_fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 19_o c._n 7._o shall_v i_o undertake_v to_o describe_v when_o and_o where_o will_v my_o discourse_n end_n but_o they_o may_v say_v a_o wise_a man_n will_v sometime_o make_v war_n as_o if_o when_o he_o consider_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o man_n he_o do_v not_o much_o more_o grieve_v to_o find_v himself_o enforce_v thereunto_o though_o that_o war_n be_v just_a for_o unless_o it_o be_v just_a there_o can_v be_v no_o necessity_n to_o make_v it_o because_o it_o be_v the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o adverse_a part_n that_o thrust_v a_o wise_a man_n into_o a_o just_a and_o necessary_a war_n which_o very_a iniquity_n as_o proceed_v from_o man_n though_o no_o necessity_n of_o a_o war_n shall_v thence_o arise_v be_v
to_o be_v lament_v whosoever_o therefore_o shall_v with_o any_o remorse_n consider_v those_o so_o great_a so_o horrid_a and_o so_o direful_a effect_n of_o war_n can_v but_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v miserable_a but_o he_o that_o can_v feel_v they_o or_o think_v upon_o they_o without_o sorrow_n much_o more_o he_o that_o can_v glory_v in_o the_o success_n of_o they_o ideo_fw-la se_fw-la putat_fw-la beatum_fw-la quia_fw-la humanum_fw-la perdidit_fw-la sensum_fw-la therefore_o think_v himself_o happy_a because_o he_o have_v lose_v all_o sentiment_n of_o humanity_n so_o the_o same_o father_n in_o another_o place_n tell_v we_o that_o 15._o id_fw-la de_fw-la civet_fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 4._o c._n 15._o belligerare_fw-la malis_fw-la videtur_fw-la felicitas_fw-la bonis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la good_a man_n make_v war_n their_o refuge_n but_o wicked_a man_n make_v it_o their_o delight_n and_o be_v there_o nothing_o of_o injustice_n in_o the_o war_n yet_o to_o be_v enforce_v unto_o it_o that_o be_v in_o itself_o miserable_a say_v maximus_n tyrius_n whereunto_o he_o add_v wise_a man_n never_o make_v war_n but_o by_o constraint_n whereas_o fool_n fight_v for_o pleasure_n and_o gain_v 13._o lib._n 13._o the_o lacedaemonian_n in_o diodorus_n consider_v those_o great_a enmity_n and_o animosity_n likely_a to_o arise_v from_o war_n think_v themselves_o bind_v in_o duty_n to_o declare_v before_o the_o god_n and_o unto_o all_o good_a man_n that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o author_n of_o it_o plutarch_n bring_v in_o some_o make_n this_o objection_n but_o have_v not_o rome_n much_o improve_v herself_o by_o war_n whereunto_o he_o answer_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o she_o have_v so_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o who_o place_n their_o great_a glory_n in_o riches_n in_o pleasure_n wantonness_n and_o martial_a power_n which_o be_v but_o the_o dregs_o of_o honour_n but_o not_o in_o they_o who_o place_n their_o glory_n in_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o people_n in_o meekness_n justice_n and_o contentation_n it_o be_v therefore_o worthy_o say_v of_o stephanus_n the_o phiysician_n unto_o cosroes_n king_n of_o persia_n to_o thou_o o_o king_n who_o art_n whole_o conversant_a in_o blood_n and_o slaughter_n in_o subdue_a kingdom_n and_o depopulation_n city_n other_o glorious_a attribute_n may_v be_v due_a but_o sure_o thou_o can_v never_o hope_v by_o these_o way_n to_o be_v esteem_v good_a for_o as_o no_o good_a man_n will_v greedy_o covet_v that_o which_o be_v another_o so_o non_fw-la est_fw-la homini_fw-la homine_fw-la prodigè_fw-fr utendum_fw-la as_o seneca_n tell_v we_o 2._o aelian_a lib._n 14._o c._n 2._o it_o be_v no_o point_n of_o honour_n to_o be_v prodigal_a of_o humane_a blood_n philiscus_n advise_v alexander_n to_o be_v emulous_a of_o glory_n but_o not_o by_o make_v himself_o like_a unto_o a_o plague_n in_o depopulate_v city_n and_o lay_v whole_a kingdom_n waste_v nothing_o can_v add_v more_o glory_n to_o a_o king_n than_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o subject_n that_o they_o may_v live_v in_o peace_n 25._o nat._n hist_o l._n 7._o c._n 25._o pliny_n after_o he_o have_v recount_v so_o many_o famous_a battle_n gain_v by_o the_o dictator_n c._n caesar_n wherein_o be_v slay_v as_o he_o there_o compute_v eleven_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o thousand_o man_n add_v this_o i_o do_v not_o reckon_v it_o as_o any_o part_n of_o his_o glory_n to_o have_v do_v so_o great_a wrong_n to_o mankind_n however_o provoke_v philo_z in_o the_o life_n of_o moses_n observe_v that_o though_o the_o kill_n of_o enemy_n in_o war_n be_v by_o the_o law_n permit_v yet_o whosoever_o do_v kill_v a_o man_n though_o just_o though_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n though_o compel_v thereunto_o against_o his_o will_n do_v notwithstanding_o contract_v some_o guilt_n unto_o himself_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o common_a kindred_n and_o alliance_n between_o man_n and_o man_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o supreme_a cause_n wherefore_o expiation_n and_o purgation_n be_v think_v necessary_a to_o cleanse_v they_o from_o that_o crime_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v commit_v by_o they_o if_o then_o by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n he_o that_o kill_v a_o man_n though_o against_o his_o will_n sanguine_fw-la pollutus_fw-la esset_fw-la hostili_fw-la quidem_fw-la attamen_fw-la sanguine_fw-la be_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o one_o of_o the_o city_n of_o refuge_n and_o if_o god_n will_v not_o permit_v david_n to_o build_v he_o a_o temple_n because_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o blood_n though_o of_o his_o enemy_n that_o be_v as_o josephus_n write_v because_o he_o have_v make_v many_o war_n which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v permit_v if_o among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n he_o that_o have_v slay_v a_o man_n though_o accidental_o 4._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 4._o or_o in_o defence_n of_o himself_o have_v need_n of_o expiation_n who_o can_v see_v how_o unhappy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v and_o by_o all_o mean_n to_o be_v avoid_v voluntary_o to_o engage_v ourselves_o in_o a_o war_n though_o haply_o not_o unjust_a sure_o among_o the_o greek_a church_n that_o most_o christian_a canon_n be_v long_o in_o force_n whereby_o he_o that_o in_o what_o war_n soever_o have_v slay_v a_o man_n though_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o by_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n admit_v unto_o the_o sacrament_n chap._n xxv_o for_o what_o cause_n a_o war_n may_v be_v undertake_v for_o other_o i._o that_o a_o war_n may_v just_o be_v undertake_v by_o a_o prince_n for_o his_o subject_n ii_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v so_o undertake_v iii_o whether_o a_o innocent_a subject_n may_v be_v deliver_v up_o to_o a_o enemy_n to_o prevent_v a_o war._n iv_o that_o a_o war_n may_v just_o be_v undertake_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o our_o confederate_n equal_a or_o unequal_a v._o as_o also_o for_o our_o friend_n vi_o yea_o and_o for_o any_o man_n vii_o yet_o may_v it_o also_o be_v omit_v without_o blame_n if_o it_o endanger_v himself_o or_o can_v be_v do_v without_o the_o death_n of_o the_o invader_n viii_o whether_o that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v make_v to_o relieve_v another_o man_n subject_n this_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n ix_o all_o those_o military_a consociation_n and_o mercenary_a succour_n that_o respect_v not_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v unjust_a x._o to_o engage_v in_o war_n for_o spoil_n or_o pay_v only_o be_v wicked_a i._o a_o prince_n may_v just_o make_v war_n for_o his_o subject_n above_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o such_o person_n as_o have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v war_n it_o be_v say_v and_o show_v that_o natural_o every_o man_n have_v a_o power_n to_o vindicate_v not_o only_o his_o own_o but_o the_o right_n of_o another_o 5._o another_o see_v lib._n 1._o c._n 5._o wherefore_o look_v what_o cause_n do_v justify_v a_o war_n undertake_v for_o ourselves_o the_o very_a same_o do_v justify_v a_o war_n make_v for_o another_o but_o our_o principal_n and_o most_o necessary_a care_n shall_v be_v for_o our_o own_o subject_n whether_o they_o be_v our_o domestic_n or_o such_o as_o live_v under_o our_o civil_a government_n for_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o governor_n as_o we_o there_o show_v 2._o josh_n 10.6_o persicor_n 2._o thus_o joshua_n we_o read_v make_v war_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o gibeonite_n who_o have_v yield_v themselves_o unto_o he_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o denominate_v a_o man_n just_o that_o he_o wrong_v no_o man_n say_v procopius_n unless_o he_o also_o be_v careful_a to_o protect_v those_o from_o injury_n who_o for_o that_o very_a end_n have_v put_v themselves_o under_o he_o our_o ancestor_n say_v cicero_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n do_v often_o make_v war_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o their_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n when_o they_o have_v be_v abuse_v by_o stranger_n 2._o verr._n 2._o and_o in_o another_o place_n how_o many_o war_n say_v he_o do_v our_o forefather_n undertake_v to_o revenge_v the_o wrong_n do_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n when_o their_o seaman_n have_v be_v imprison_v and_o their_o merchant_n spoil_v yea_o and_o the_o very_a same_o roman_n who_o refuse_v to_o take_v arm_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o people_n that_o be_v their_o confederate_n think_v it_o necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o same_o people_n when_o they_o have_v surrender_v themselves_o and_o so_o become_v their_o subject_n thus_o do_v the_o campane_n bespeak_v the_o roman_n though_o you_o refuse_v to_o assist_v or_o defend_v we_o against_o our_o enemy_n whilst_o we_o be_v your_o friend_n and_o confederate_n yet_o now_o that_o we_o be_v your_o subject_n you_o will_v certain_o protect_v we_o whereupon_o florus_n say_v that_o the_o campane_n make_v that_o league_n which_o they_o have_v former_o contract_v with_o the_o roman_n more_o strong_a and_o inviolable_a by_o their_o voluntary_a surrender_n of_o all_o they_o have_v unto_o they_o for_o it_o agree_v not_o with_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o roman_n 7._o
it_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o itself_o so_o horrid_a 1._o quest_n nat._n lib._n 5._o c._n 18._o grat._n c._n 33._o q._n 1._o that_o nothing_o but_o pure_a necessity_n or_o perfect_a charity_n can_v denominate_v it_o just_a or_o honest_a so_o st._n augustine_n militare_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la delictum_fw-la sed_fw-la propter_fw-la praedam_fw-la militare_fw-la peccatum_fw-la est_fw-la simple_o to_o make_v war_n be_v not_o sinful_a but_o to_o make_v war_n for_o plunder_v and_o pay_v only_o must_v needs_o be_v wicked_a x._o especial_o they_o that_o make_v war_n for_o spoil_n nay_o to_o make_v war_n for_o pay_v or_o hire_n be_v likewise_o a_o sin_n if_o that_o be_v the_o only_a or_o principal_a thing_n we_o aim_v at_o though_o otherwise_o to_o receive_v pay_n for_o our_o pain_n when_o we_o be_v lawful_o call_v to_o fight_v be_v altogether_o lawful_a for_o who_o say_v st._n paul_n go_v to_o war_n at_o any_o time_n upon_o his_o own_o charge_n chap._n xxvi_o how_o war_n may_v be_v just_o wage_v by_o such_o as_o be_v subject_n to_o another_o command_n i._o who_o they_o be_v that_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o another_o ii_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v be_v admit_v to_o debate_n or_o be_v leave_v to_o their_o free_a choice_n iii_o if_o they_o think_v the_o cause_n unjust_a though_o command_v they_o ought_v not_o to_o make_v war_n iu._n what_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o case_n they_o doubt_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n v._o if_o they_o can_v be_v satisfy_v their_o person_n be_v to_o be_v spare_v but_o their_o tax_n heighten_v vi_o in_o what_o case_n subject_n may_v just_o take_v arm_n in_o a_o unjust_a war._n i._o who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v under_o another_o dominion_n hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o such_o as_o be_v free_a and_o have_v power_n to_o dispose_v of_o their_o own_o action_n there_o be_v other_o that_o be_v under_o a_o more_o servile_a condition_n and_o such_o be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o family_n servant_n subject_n and_o each_o particular_a citizen_n compare_v with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o city_n whereof_o they_o be_v ii_o what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v be_v leave_v to_o their_o own_o choice_n but_o these_o man_n if_o either_o admit_v to_o advise_v or_o leave_v to_o their_o own_o choice_n whether_o they_o will_v either_o take_v up_o arm_n or_o be_v quiet_a aught_o to_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n which_o be_v already_o set_v down_o for_o those_o who_o be_v free_a have_v power_n to_o make_v war_n either_o for_o themselves_o or_o other_o iii_o what_o if_o they_o think_v the_o cause_n unjust_a but_o if_o command_v thereunto_o as_o usual_o they_o be_v then_o if_o it_o be_v evident_a unto_o they_o that_o the_o cause_n be_v unjust_a they_o ought_v altogether_o to_o forbear_v for_o that_o god_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v obey_v than_o man_n be_v not_o only_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o apostle_n but_o even_o of_o socrates_n also_o as_o plato_n testify_v in_o his_o apology_n so_o also_o think_v the_o hebrew_n doctor_n namely_o that_o king_n if_o they_o command_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o god_n law_n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v obey_v for_o this_o josephus_n record_v of_o his_o countryman_n who_o be_v convict_v before_o herod_n for_o pull_v down_o the_o roman_a eagle_n which_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v erect_v over_o the_o great_a gate_n of_o the_o temple_n at_o jerusalem_n and_o demand_v how_o they_o dare_v do_v it_o return_v this_o answer_n 8._o ant._n lib._n 17._o c._n 8._o what_o we_o have_v do_v we_o do_v in_o vindication_n of_o god_n honour_n and_o of_o that_o divine_a law_n whereof_o we_o profess_v ourselves_o to_o be_v the_o disciple_n neither_o haste_n thou_o cause_n to_o wonder_v if_o we_o hold_v the_o law_n which_o moses_n deliver_v unto_o we_o from_o god_n himself_o to_o be_v more_o sacred_a and_o indispensable_a than_o thy_o decree_n neither_o do_v we_o refuse_v to_o suffer_v death_n or_o any_o other_o punishment_n thou_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o inflict_v upon_o we_o as_o know_v that_o we_o shall_v not_o suffer_v as_o malefactor_n but_o as_o martyr_n in_o a_o good_a cause_n that_o excellent_a say_v of_o polycarpus_n now_o ready_a to_o expire_v live_v still_o upon_o record_n namely_o to_o prince_n and_o potentate_n we_o owe_v all_o due_a honour_n and_o obedience_n yet_o not_o so_o as_o thereby_o to_o endanger_v our_o eternal_a salvation_n it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o st_n paul_n child_n obey_v your_o parent_n in_o the_o lord_n 6.1_o eph._n 6.1_o for_o this_o be_v right_n upon_o which_o word_n st_n hierome_n thus_o gloss_v for_o child_n not_o to_o 〈◊〉_d their_o parent_n be_v a_o sin_n but_o because_o parent_n may_v haply_o command_v that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a therefore_o he_o add_v in_o the_o lord_n and_o st_n chrysostome_n thus_o expound_v they_o child_n obey_v your_o parent_n in_o the_o lord_n that_o be_v in_o all_o thing_n wherein_o you_o shall_v not_o disobey_v god_n infidelem_fw-la ad_fw-la patrem_fw-la infidelem_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v for_o it_o be_v no_o small_a reward_n that_o god_n propose_v to_o we_o for_o our_o obedience_n to_o parent_n and_o magistrate_n for_o we_o be_v command_v to_o esteem_v they_o as_o our_o lord_n and_o both_o in_o word_n and_o deed_n to_o yield_v they_o all_o due_a observance_n yet_o so_o as_o the_o work_n of_o true_a piety_n and_o devotion_n be_v not_o thereby_o hinder_v but_o if_o thy_o obedience_n unto_o god_n call_v thou_o forward_o then_o that_o of_o st_n hierome_n hold_v true_a which_o he_o speak_v declamatory_o out_o of_o seneca_n per_fw-la calcatum_fw-la pergo_fw-la patrem_fw-la thou_o must_v go_v on_o though_o thou_o trample_a on_o thy_o own_o parent_n for_o our_o obedience_n unto_o our_o parent_n can_v justify_v our_o disobedience_n unto_o god_n for_o as_o the_o same_o apostle_n say_v every_o man_n shall_v receive_v from_o god_n according_a to_o his_o own_o work_n whether_o bond_n or_o free_a the_o like_a advice_n do_v st_n hierome_n give_v unto_o servant_n where_o he_o add_v 6.1_o in_o eph._n 6.1_o but_o when_o our_o carnal_a lord_n shall_v command_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o will_n of_o he_o who_o be_v the_o god_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o all_o flesh_n than_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v obey_v again_o in_o another_o place_n in_o those_o thing_n only_o be_v man_n subject_a unto_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n which_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o command_v of_o god_n so_o likewise_o chrysostome_n servant_n also_o have_v their_o bound_n and_o limit_n prescribe_v they_o by_o god_n 7.24_o in_o 1_o cor._n 7.24_o and_o how_o far_o they_o may_v go_v in_o their_o obedience_n be_v also_o command_v beyond_o which_o they_o must_v not_o proceed_v if_o the_o lord_n command_v we_o nothing_o that_o be_v by_o god_n forbid_v he_o be_v to_o be_v follow_v and_o obey_v but_o not_o beyond_o the_o like_a advice_n give_v clemens_n alexandrinus_n concern_v a_o wife_n let_v she_o say_v he_o obey_v her_o husband_n in_o all_o thing_n and_o do_v nothing_o against_o his_o will_n but_o what_o she_o believe_v may_v very_o much_o conduce_v to_o virtue_n and_o her_o own_o salvation_n so_o likewise_o tertullian_n we_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v say_v he_o by_o the_o apostle_n precept_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o magistrate_n prince_n and_o power_n in_o all_o obedience_n sed_fw-la intra_fw-la limit_n disciplinae_fw-la so_o far_o as_o they_o transgress_v not_o the_o rule_n of_o christian_a discipline_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o silvanus_n the_o martyr_n we_o therefore_o despise_v the_o roman_a law_n lest_o we_o shall_v thereby_o transgress_v the_o divine_a law_n and_o musonius_n if_o a_o son_n a_o servant_n or_o a_o subject_a martyrologio_fw-la in_o martyrologio_fw-la shall_v refuse_v to_o yield_v obedience_n unto_o either_o a_o father_n a_o master_n or_o a_o prince_n in_o such_o command_v as_o be_v impious_a and_o ungodly_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v account_v as_o disobedient_a injurious_a or_o wicked_a now_o as_o the_o obedience_n of_o servant_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o divine_a law_n so_o be_v that_o of_o child_n to_o parent_n 7._o lib._n 2._o c._n 7._o aulus_n gellius_n approve_v not_o of_o this_o opinion_n that_o a_o father_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n to_o be_v obey_v for_o say_v he_o what_o if_o he_o command_v his_o son_n to_o betray_v his_o country_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o mother_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o the_o middle_a way_n be_v best_a and_o safe_a in_o some_o thing_n we_o must_v in_o other_o some_o we_o must_v not_o obey_v so_o seneca_n the_o father_n non_fw-la omnibus_fw-la imperiis_fw-la parendum_fw-la est_fw-la all_o command_v oblige_v we_o not_o unto_o obedience_n so_o quintilian_n there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o child_n shall_v execute_v all_o their_o parent_n command_v for_o there_o may_v be_v many_o thing_n which_o though_o
say_v servum_fw-la nihil_fw-la deliquisse_fw-la qui_fw-la domino_fw-la jubenti_fw-la obtemperavit_fw-la the_o servant_n be_v not_o to_o blame_v whilst_o he_o do_v but_o what_o his_o lord_n command_v he_o so_o in_o another_o place_n velle_fw-la non_fw-la creditur_fw-la qui_fw-la obsequitur_fw-la imperio_fw-la patris_fw-la vel_fw-la domini_fw-la it_o be_v not_o believe_v to_o be_v his_o own_o act_n if_o he_o do_v it_o in_o obedience_n either_o to_o his_o father_n or_o master_n mithridates_n free_o dismiss_v the_o servant_n of_o attilius_n without_o any_o punishment_n at_o all_o though_o they_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o the_o murder_n intend_v upon_o he_o neither_o will_v he_o punish_v the_o child_n of_o those_o that_o have_v rebel_v against_o he_o because_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o rebellion_n by_o the_o command_v of_o other_o themisthius_n in_o his_o nine_o oration_n observe_v and_o that_o true_o that_o prince_n have_v always_o the_o resemblance_n of_o reason_n as_o soldier_n the_o like_a of_o anger_n the_o like_a be_v observe_v by_o tacitus_n god_n have_v allot_v unto_o prince_n the_o faculty_n of_o judgement_n but_o unto_o subject_n he_o have_v leave_v only_o the_o glory_n of_o obedience_n and_o as_o the_o same_o tacitus_n relate_v 3._o annal._n l._n 3._o the_o son_n of_o piso_n be_v by_o tiberius_n acquit_v of_o the_o crime_n of_o sedition_n because_o what_o he_o do_v be_v by_o his_o father_n command_n who_o he_o dare_v not_o disobey_v servus_n herilis_fw-la imperii_fw-la non_fw-la censor_n est_fw-la sed_fw-la minister_n 74._o de_fw-fr controu._n l._n 3._o c._n 9_o cont._n faustum_n lib._n 22._o c._n 74._o the_o servant_n be_v not_o to_o sit_v as_o judge_n of_o his_o master_n command_n to_o dispute_v they_o but_o to_o obey_v they_o but_o in_o this_o case_n of_o war_n let_v we_o hear_v what_o st_n augustine_n say_v if_o a_o good_a man_n shall_v happen_v to_o war_n under_o a_o king_n though_o sacrilegious_a he_o may_v be_v command_v fight_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n if_o observe_v the_o order_n of_o his_o country_n peace_n he_o be_v either_o assure_v that_o what_o he_o be_v command_v be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o doubtful_a whether_o it_o be_v or_o not_o so_o that_o haply_o as_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o command_n may_v render_v the_o king_n guilty_a so_o the_o necessity_n of_o obey_v those_o command_n for_o order_n sake_n may_v likewise_o render_v the_o soldier_n innocent_a and_o again_o 26._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 1._o c._n 26._o if_o a_o soldier_n under_o lawful_a command_n shall_v in_o obedience_n thereunto_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o the_o law_n of_o his_o city_n he_o be_v free_a from_o murder_n nay_o unless_o he_o do_v it_o he_o shall_v be_v hold_v as_o a_o traitor_n to_o his_o own_o country_n but_o if_o he_o shall_v do_v it_o of_o his_o own_o accord_n or_o without_o command_n he_o shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n that_o very_a law_n that_o will_v punish_v he_o if_o he_o do_v it_o without_o command_n will_v likewise_o punish_v he_o if_o he_o do_v it_o not_o be_v command_v and_o from_o hence_o arise_v that_o so_o general_o receive_v opinion_n i_o mean_v as_o to_o subject_n that_o a_o war_n may_v be_v just_a on_o both_o side_n that_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o they_o it_o may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n void_a of_o injustice_n whereunto_o the_o poet_n have_v respect_n when_o he_o say_v quis_fw-la justius_fw-la induat_fw-la arma_fw-la scire_fw-la nefas_fw-la who_o have_v the_o just_a cause_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o know_v yet_o be_v not_o this_o opinion_n so_o general_o receive_v but_o that_o it_o meet_v with_o some_o difficulty_n for_o pope_n adrian_n defend_v the_o contrary_a which_o may_v be_v confirm_v not_o by_o that_o argument_n precise_o which_o he_o urge_v but_o by_o this_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o forcible_a namely_o that_o he_o that_o doubt_v contemplative_o ought_v in_o his_o active_a judgement_n to_o choose_v the_o safe_a part_n which_o be_v to_o abstain_v from_o war._n the_o esseni_n esseni_n the_o esseni_n be_v high_o commend_v for_o that_o among_o other_o thing_n they_o bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o hurt_v no_o man_n though_o they_o be_v command_v in_o imitation_n of_o who_o the_o pythagorean_n do_v whole_o abstain_v from_o war_n as_o be_v the_o ringleader_n to_o destruction_n command_v murder_n as_o by_o a_o law_n neither_o will_v it_o much_o avail_n to_o say_v for_o the_o other_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o disobey_v for_o whilst_o both_o be_v uncertain_a for_o if_o the_o war_n be_v unjust_a it_o be_v no_o act_n of_o disobedience_n to_o avoid_v it_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v that_o choose_v the_o safe_a but_o our_o disobedience_n in_o such_o thing_n have_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n less_o of_o evil_n than_o murder_n especial_o of_o so_o many_o innocent_n it_o be_v story_v by_o the_o ancient_n that_o when_o mercury_n be_v accuse_v for_o kill_v of_o argus_n excuse_v himself_o for_o that_o he_o do_v it_o at_o the_o command_n of_o jupiter_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o god_n notwithstanding_o dare_v not_o acquit_v he_o no_o more_o do_v martial_a pothinus_n a_o officer_n of_o mark_n antony_n when_o he_o say_v antoni_fw-la tamen_fw-la est_fw-la pejor_fw-la quam_fw-la causa_fw-la pothini_fw-la hic_fw-la facinus_fw-la domino_fw-la praestitit_fw-la ille_fw-la sibi_fw-la worse_o than_o pothinus_n be_v case_n be_v antony_n be_v this_o for_o himself_o that_o for_o his_o lord_n do_v die_v nor_o will_v that_o be_v of_o much_o great_a moment_n which_o some_o man_n urge_v to_o the_o contrary_a namely_o that_o in_o case_n we_o admit_v that_o every_o private_a person_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o war_n and_o according_o either_o yield_a or_o deny_v their_o obedience_n the_o commonwealth_n will_v soon_o be_v destroy_v because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o can_v be_v expedient_a for_o the_o state_n that_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o counsel_n shall_v be_v communicate_v to_o the_o vulgar_a for_o although_o this_o may_v be_v true_a where_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n be_v suasory_n only_o yet_o not_o where_o the_o war_n be_v justifiable_a for_o there_o the_o cause_n thereof_o shall_v be_v publish_v unto_o all_o that_o every_o man_n may_v judge_v of_o they_o and_o be_v satisfy_v in_o they_o what_o tertullian_n sometime_o say_v perhaps_o too_o confuse_o ☞_o ☞_o of_o law_n in_o general_a may_v very_o apposite_o be_v say_v of_o these_o of_o war_n no_o subject_n so_o faithful_o observe_v a_o law_n as_o he_o that_o know_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n for_o every_o law_n ought_v to_o give_v testimony_n of_o its_o own_o integrity_n to_o those_o from_o who_o it_o require_v obedience_n on_o the_o contrary_a suspecta_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la probari_fw-la se_fw-la non_fw-la vult_fw-la improba_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la probata_fw-la dominetur_fw-la that_o law_n that_o will_v not_o endure_v the_o trial_n be_v hold_v suspect_v as_o that_o which_o be_v disapprove_v yet_o exact_v obedience_n be_v hold_v as_o wicked_a thus_o when_o ulysses_n endeavour_v to_o persuade_v achilles_n to_o join_v with_o the_o grecian_a prince_n in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o trojan_n achilles_n urge_v they_o to_o declare_v the_o cause_n papin_n papin_n what_o cause_n greece_n have_v so_o great_a a_o war_n to_o wage_v declare_v whereby_o thou_o may_v increase_v our_o rage_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o theseus_n in_o the_o same_o poet_n thus_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n go_v and_o fight_v bold_o in_o a_o cause_n so_o just_a for_o as_o propertius_n well_o observe_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n can_v but_o heighten_v the_o spirit_n and_o inflame_v the_o indignation_n of_o a_o soldier_n who_o courage_n droop_v so_o that_o he_o grow_v ashamed_a of_o his_o arm_n when_o his_o cause_n be_v nought_o herod_n in_o his_o oration_n to_o the_o jew_n after_o the_o slaughter_n in_o arabia_n thus_o bespeak_v they_o josephus_n josephus_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o show_v you_o how_o just_o i_o have_v undertake_v this_o war_n be_v provoke_v thereunto_o by_o the_o reproach_n of_o our_o enemy_n which_o be_v know_v unto_o you_o must_v needs_o heighten_v your_o courage_n to_o a_o revenge_n it_o be_v very_o often_o verify_v what_o the_o panegyrist_n observe_v so_o prevalent_a even_o among_o army_n be_v a_o good_a conscience_n that_o the_o victory_n seem_v proper_o to_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o number_n or_o valour_n of_o the_o man_n but_o to_o the_o justness_n and_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o so_o some_o learned_a man_n have_v interpret_v that_o of_o gen._n 14.14_o as_o if_o abraham_n have_v before_o the_o fight_v instruct_v his_o servant_n full_o in_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o quarrel_n and_o certain_o the_o denunciation_n of_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v public_a and_o the_o cause_n express_v that_o the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n may_v judge_v of_o the_o equity_n
of_o it_o prudence_n indeed_o as_o aristotle_n note_n be_v a_o virtue_n proper_a to_o prince_n but_o justice_n belong_v to_o man_n as_o they_o be_v man_n and_o therefore_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o counsel_n as_o prince_n be_v not_o to_o be_v communicate_v but_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o action_n as_o man_n may_v be_v proclaim_v these_o thing_n consider_v we_o conclude_v with_o pope_n adrian_n that_o where_o the_o subject_n do_v not_o only_o doubt_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o war_n but_o by_o very_o probable_a argument_n be_v induce_v to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v unjust_a especial_o if_o that_o war_n be_v offensive_a and_o not_o defensive_a he_o be_v bind_v to_o abstain_v nay_o very_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o executioner_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o execute_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o a_o condemn_a malefactor_n shall_v be_v thorough_o inform_v in_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o cause_n either_o by_o be_v present_a at_o the_o whole_a trial_n or_o by_o hear_v the_o confession_n of_o the_o person_n condemn_v that_o so_o he_o may_v be_v convince_v that_o he_o who_o he_o put_v to_o death_n have_v by_o the_o law_n deserve_v it_o which_o in_o some_o place_n be_v observe_v neither_o can_v there_o any_o more_o probable_a reason_n be_v assign_v for_o that_o hebrew_n law_n whereby_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o when_o a_o malefactor_n be_v to_o be_v stone_v 22.17_o deut._n 17.7_o 1_o sam._n 22.17_o the_o witness_n shall_v go_v before_o the_o people_n and_o cast_v the_o first_o stone_n at_o he_o and_o for_o this_o cause_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n guard_n refuse_v to_o fall_v upon_o the_o priest_n of_o nob_n at_o saul_n command_n be_v thorough_o convince_v both_o of_o the_o sanctity_n of_o their_o order_n and_o of_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o for_o this_o very_a reason_n it_o be_v that_o the_o three_o captain_n 1.17_o 2_o king_n 1.17_o be_v send_v by_o ahaziah_n unto_o elijah_n will_v not_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o he_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o many_o public_a executioner_n among_o the_o jew_n be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n renounce_v their_o office_n as_o be_v very_o dangerous_a if_o we_o may_v give_v credit_n to_o the_o martyrology_n 7._o lib._n 1._o c._n 7._o and_o to_o venerable_a bede_n v._o extraordinary_a tax_n to_o be_v exact_v instead_o of_o obedience_n in_o this_o case_n but_o in_o case_n the_o subject_n mind_n be_v not_o satisfy_v concern_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n by_o their_o prince_n declaration_n then_o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a magistrate_n rather_o to_o impose_v some_o extraordinary_a tax_n upon_o they_o than_o to_o compel_v they_o to_o serve_v he_o in_o his_o war_n unsatisfied_a especial_o when_o he_o may_v be_v supply_v with_o man_n otherwise_o now_o whether_o these_o soldier_n do_v serve_v he_o with_o a_o good_a or_o evil_a intention_n be_v no_o matter_n for_o a_o good_a prince_n may_v make_v use_n of_o both_o as_o god_n himself_o do_v of_o satan_n and_o his_o disciple_n as_o instrument_n to_o bring_v about_o his_o own_o most_o sovereign_a purpose_n or_o as_o a_o poor_a man_n may_v and_o do_v make_v use_n of_o jew_n and_o extortioner_n to_o supply_v his_o present_a want_n and_o that_o without_o sin_n nay_o though_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o war_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v that_o christian_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o fight_v against_o their_o will_n see_v that_o to_o abstain_v from_o war_n even_o then_o when_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o lawful_a have_v always_o be_v require_v of_o churchman_n and_o penitential_o to_o preserve_v they_o in_o the_o great_a sanctity_n and_o be_v in_o all_o other_o many_o way_n commendable_a when_o celsus_n upbraid_v the_o christian_n for_o refuse_v to_o go_v to_o war_n origen_n apologize_v for_o they_o thus_o to_o those_o who_o be_v unbeliever_n will_v enforce_v we_o to_o fight_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o to_o destroy_v man_n we_o shall_v give_v this_o answer_n that_o even_o their_o own_o idol-priest_n and_o those_o that_o attend_v upon_o the_o service_n of_o their_o repute_a god_n do_v keep_v themselves_o unstained_a with_o humane_a blood_n that_o so_o they_o may_v offer_v up_o their_o sacrifice_n for_o the_o whole_a nation_n with_o clean_a and_o unpolluted_a hand_n neither_o in_o case_n there_o shall_v arise_v a_o war_n be_v these_o man_n to_o be_v list_v in_o their_o army_n and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o reason_n how_o much_o more_o may_v they_o be_v say_v after_o their_o manner_n to_o fight_v who_o be_v priest_n to_o the_o most_o high_a god_n endeavour_v to_o preserve_v themselves_o free_a from_o blood_n and_o rapine_n that_o so_o whilst_o other_o be_v pollute_v with_o spoil_n and_o slaughter_n they_o may_v wrestle_v with_o god_n himself_o by_o constant_a and_o incessant_a prayer_n for_o the_o welfare_n of_o they_o that_o make_v war_n just_o and_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o they_o that_o govern_v righteous_o 1.6_o apoc._n 1.6_o wherefore_o origen_n call_v all_o christian_n priest_n by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n 2.5_o 1_o pet._n 2.5_o vi_o when_o subject_n may_v just_o engage_v in_o a_o unjust_a war._n but_o yet_o i_o believe_v that_o a_o case_n may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o in_o a_o war_n not_o only_o doubtful_a but_o manifest_o unjust_a it_o may_v be_v just_a for_o subject_n in_o some_o measure_n to_o defend_v themselves_o for_o see_v that_o no_o enemy_n though_o prosecute_a a_o just_a war_n can_v have_v any_o true_a and_o internal_a right_n to_o kill_v such_o subject_n as_o be_v innocent_a and_o no_o way_n accessary_a to_o the_o war_n unless_o it_o be_v either_o for_o necessary_a defence_n or_o by_o consequence_n and_o not_o intentional_o for_o such_o subject_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o punishment_n it_o follow_v that_o if_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o enemy_n come_v with_o a_o full_a purpose_n not_o to_o spare_v the_o life_n of_o such_o hostile_a subject_n when_o with_o safety_n to_o himself_o he_o may_v than_o those_o subject_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n defend_v themselves_o which_o right_o neither_o do_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v from_o they_o neither_o will_v we_o say_v that_o such_o a_o war_n be_v on_o both_o side_n lawful_a for_o we_o dispute_v not_o here_o concern_v the_o legality_n of_o the_o war_n but_o of_o a_o certain_a and_o determinate_a action_n in_o the_o war_n which_o action_n though_o it_o proceed_v from_o one_o that_o otherwise_o have_v a_o sufficient_a right_n to_o make_v war_n yet_o be_v unjust_a and_o may_v therefore_o be_v just_o repel_v the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o book_n hugo_n grotius_n of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n book_n iii_o chap._n i._o of_o certain_a general_n rule_n show_v what_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v lawful_a in_o war_n wherein_o also_o he_o treat_v both_o of_o fraud_n and_o lie_n i._o the_o order_n and_o method_n of_o the_o book_n follow_v ii_o the_o first_o rule_n whatsoever_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n be_v lawful_a in_o war_n explain_v iii_o the_o second_o rule_n a_o right_n in_o war_n may_v arise_v as_o well_o from_o cause_n subsequent_a as_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o war._n iv_o the_o three_o rule_n that_o in_o war_n some_o thing_n may_v be_v do_v indirect_o without_o injury_n which_o if_o by_o themselves_o and_o intentional_o do_v be_v unlawful_a with_o a_o caution_n v._o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v to_o such_o as_o supply_v the_o enemy_n with_o thing_n needful_a this_o explain_v vi_o whether_o in_o war_n fraud_n be_v lawful_a vii_o that_o fraud_n in_o its_o negative_a act_n be_v not_o of_o itself_o unlawful_a viii_o fraud_n in_o its_o positive_a act_n be_v either_o by_o such_o outward_a act_n as_o admit_v of_o several_a construction_n or_o by_o such_o as_o signify_v as_o it_o be_v by_o argument_n fraud_n in_o the_o former_a sense_n lawful_a ix_o of_o that_o in_o the_o latter_a sense_n the_o question_n be_v difficult_a x._o the_o use_n of_o word_n in_o another_o sense_n than_o that_o wherein_o we_o know_v they_o be_v understand_v not_o always_o unlawful_a xi_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lie_n as_o it_o be_v unlawful_a consist_v in_o the_o repugnancy_n it_o have_v with_o another_o right_n this_o explain_v xii_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o speak_v that_o which_o be_v false_a to_o child_n and_o madman_n xiii_o so_o also_o when_o he_o be_v deceive_v to_o who_o our_o speech_n be_v not_o direct_v and_o who_o without_o speech_n we_o may_v lawful_o deceive_v fourteen_o and_o when_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o he_o to_o who_o we_o speak_v be_v willing_a to_o be_v so_o deceive_v xv._o and_o when_o he_o that_o speak_v exercise_v that_o supereminent_a power_n that_o he_o have_v over_o his_o own_o
of_o st_n ambrose_n history_n will_v inform_v we_o and_o although_o almighty_a god_n do_v so_o sometime_o yet_o ought_v that_o to_o be_v no_o example_n to_o we_o because_o of_o that_o full_a and_o absolute_a right_n of_o dominion_n that_o he_o have_v over_o we_o which_o he_o have_v not_o grant_v unto_o we_o to_o have_v one_o over_o another_o and_o yet_o even_o god_n himself_o who_o be_v lord_n paramount_n over_o all_o mankind_n do_v often_o spare_v a_o world_n of_o wicked_a and_o ungodly_a man_n for_o a_o very_a few_o that_o be_v good_a thereby_o manifest_v his_o equity_n as_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n as_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o that_o sweet_a colloquy_n between_o he_o and_o abraham_n concern_v sodom_n by_o which_o general_a rule_n it_o be_v easy_o collect_v etc._n gen._n 18.23_o etc._n etc._n how_o far_o our_o right_n extend_v in_o war_n against_o our_o enemy_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n v._o what_o we_o may_v do_v against_o they_o that_o supply_v our_o enemy_n with_o what_o 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intercept_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v send_v to_o my_o enemy_n necessity_n will_v give_v i_o a_o good_a right_n to_o they_o yet_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o i_o make_v restitution_n unless_o there_o be_v sufficient_a cause_n to_o the_o contrary_n again_o if_o the_o supply_n that_o be_v send_v in_o do_v hinder_v the_o execution_n of_o my_o defence_n of_o the_o design_n and_o he_o that_o send_v it_o may_v have_v know_v that_o it_o will_v so_o do_v as_o for_o example_n if_o i_o have_v besiege_v a_o town_n and_o block_v up_o its_o port_n so_o that_o i_o may_v just_o expect_v the_o surrender_n of_o it_o or_o a_o peace_n in_o this_o case_n he_o that_o shall_v know_o send_v in_o relief_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v i_o satisfaction_n for_o the_o loss_n i_o sustain_v thereby_o no_o less_o than_o he_o that_o take_v a_o prisoner_n out_o of_o custody_n that_o owe_v i_o a_o just_a debt_n or_o instruct_v he_o how_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n thereby_o to_o defraud_v i_o and_o proportionable_o 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to_o those_o rule_n which_o we_o have_v already_o set_v down_o for_o punishment_n and_o so_o long_o as_o we_o contain_v our_o sâ—lves_n within_o these_o bound_n we_o may_v make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n do_v they_o that_o make_v war_n usual_o send_v out_o declaration_n and_o remonstrance_n to_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o to_o insinuate_v unto_o they_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n as_o also_o what_o probable_a hope_n they_o have_v to_o recover_v their_o right_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o we_o refer_v this_o matter_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v because_o we_o find_v nothing_o certain_o determine_v in_o history_n by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n as_o to_o it_o there_o be_v a_o book_n write_v in_o italian_a entitle_v libre_fw-la consulatus_fw-la maris_fw-la concern_v the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o be_v recite_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o greece_n and_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o france_n spain_n syria_n cyprus_n the_o baleares_n venetian_n and_o genoese_a wherein_o be_v handle_v two_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o question_n upon_o this_o subject_a where_o we_o shall_v find_v it_o adjudge_v that_o if_o the_o ship_n with_o its_o freight_n be_v both_o the_o enemy_n than_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o both_o be_v lawful_a prize_n if_o the_o ship_n belong_v to_o such_o as_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o we_o and_o the_o good_n to_o our_o enemy_n we_o may_v enforce_v they_o to_o put_v into_o any_o of_o our_o ally_n or_o our_o port_n there_o to_o unlade_v the_o good_n yet_o so_o that_o we_o pay_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o the_o freight_n of_o they_o but_o in_o case_n the_o good_n belong_v to_o our_o friend_n and_o the_o ship_n to_o our_o enemy_n then_o be_v the_o ship_n lawful_a prize_n and_o to_o be_v agree_v for_o which_o if_o refuse_v they_o may_v be_v compel_v into_o any_o harbour_n of_o our_o friend_n and_o withal_o to_o pay_v we_o for_o the_o freight_n of_o those_o good_n in_o the_o year_n 1438._o there_o be_v war_n between_o the_o hollander_n and_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n with_o other_o city_n confederate_a situate_a upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o the_o river_n albis_n it_o be_v in_o holland_n adjudge_v in_o full_a senate_n that_o the_o good_n find_v in_o a_o enemy_n ship_n if_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o they_o belong_v to_o other_o be_v no_o lawful_a prize_n and_o this_o be_v there_o from_o thence_o establish_v for_o a_o law_n and_o so_o plead_v by_o the_o danish_a king_n in_o the_o year_n 1597._o who_o thereupon_o send_v his_o ambassador_n into_o holland_n to_o assert_v his_o freedom_n to_o transport_v his_o good_n into_o spain_n notwithstanding_o the_o bloody_a war_n which_o the_o
hollander_n than_o have_v with_o the_o spaniard_n the_o like_a have_v always_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o french_a to_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o they_o and_o that_o so_o free_o that_o oftentimes_o the_o enemy_n have_v in_o other_o man_n name_n transport_v their_o good_n without_o damage_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o edict_n make_v 1543._o chapter_n the_o 42._o and_o by_o another_o make_v 1584._o wherein_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o their_o friend_n may_v free_o traffic_v whither_o they_o please_v so_o as_o it_o be_v with_o their_o own_o ship_n man_n and_o good_n and_o that_o those_o good_n be_v not_o belli_n instrumenta_fw-la arm_n nor_o ammunition_n for_o war_n whereby_o their_o enemy_n may_v be_v make_v strong_a but_o in_o case_n they_o do_v so_o than_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a to_o seize_v they_o to_o their_o own_o use_n pay_v a_o valuable_a price_n for_o they_o wherein_o two_o thing_n be_v observable_a first_o that_o by_o these_o law_n ammunition_n for_o war_n be_v not_o hold_v as_o lawful_a prize_n much_o less_o be_v other_o innocent_a merchandize_n obnoxious_a to_o this_o danger_n i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o these_o northern_a nation_n have_v sometime_o usurp_v another_o right_n but_o not_o constant_o be_v urge_v thereunto_o rather_o by_o present_a necessity_n then_o by_o a_o perpetual_a equity_n the_o english_a upon_o pretence_n of_o their_o war_n will_v not_o permit_v the_o dane_n freedom_n of_o traffic_n whence_o arise_v that_o war_n between_o those_o two_o nation_n whereby_o the_o english_a be_v compel_v to_o pay_v a_o tribute_n to_o the_o dane_n which_o be_v call_v the_o dane_n penny_n which_o though_o the_o cause_n be_v change_v yet_o the_o name_n of_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o thuanus_n record_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1589._o again_o we_o find_v it_o record_v as_o well_o by_o rhâ—danus_n in_o his_o history_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o oâ—_n by_o master_n cambden_n in_o his_o history_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o the_o year_n follow_v that_o that_o most_o wise_a queen_n send_v her_o ambassador_n sr_n william_n winter_n and_o secretary_n beale_n to_o remonstrate_v that_o the_o english_a can_v not_o endure_v that_o the_o hollander_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o their_o war_n then_o with_o spain_n shall_v detain_v their_o ship_n trade_v in_o the_o spanish_a port_n and_o when_o the_o english_a and_o the_o hollander_n be_v both_o at_o war_n with_o spain_n do_v disturb_v the_o city_n of_o germany_n in_o their_o traffic_n with_o the_o spaniard_n with_o what_o a_o disputable_a right_n they_o do_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o eager_a dissertation_n of_o both_o nation_n which_o be_v worthy_a our_o perusal_n for_o the_o decide_n of_o this_o controversy_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o english_a themselves_o do_v in_o their_o writing_n acknowledge_v no_o less_o whereas_o they_o principal_o insist_v upon_o these_o two_o argument_n to_o defend_v their_o cause_n namely_o that_o the_o german_n do_v furnish_v the_o spaniard_n with_o instrument_n of_o war_n and_o second_o that_o it_o have_v be_v mutual_o agree_v in_o ancient_a treaty_n between_o both_o nation_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o so_o to_o do_v the_o like_a agreement_n we_o find_v afterward_o make_v between_o the_o hollander_n and_o their_o associate_n and_o the_o lubecker_n and_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1593._o that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o shall_v permit_v the_o subject_n of_o their_o enemy_n to_o traffic_v within_o their_o dominion_n or_o shall_v aid_v they_o with_o either_o man_n money_n ship_n or_o victual_n and_o afterward_o namely_o in_o the_o year_n 1617._o it_o be_v agree_v between_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n that_o the_o dane_n shall_v obstruct_v all_o manner_n of_o traffic_n with_o the_o city_n of_o dantzick_n be_v then_o at_o enmity_n with_o the_o swede_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o merchandize_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o sound_n or_o the_o baltic_a sea_n to_o any_o of_o the_o swede_n enemy_n for_o which_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v to_o receive_v other_o privilege_n and_o advantage_n from_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n but_o these_o be_v particular_a contract_n from_o whence_o no_o general_a rule_n can_v be_v infer_v neither_o do_v the_o city_n of_o germany_n only_o blame_v the_o english_a for_o deny_v they_o freedom_n of_o traffic_n with_o their_o enemy_n but_o the_o polander_n also_o complain_v against_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1597_o as_o cambden_n relate_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n waâ—_n violate_v because_o they_o be_v molest_v in_o their_o commerce_n with_o spain_n because_o at_o that_o time_n the_o spaniard_n have_v war_n with_o england_n but_o the_o french_a have_v make_v peace_n with_o spain_n be_v solicit_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n who_o be_v still_o at_o enmity_n with_o the_o spaniard_n that_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o english_a to_o search_v their_o ship_n for_o arm_n and_o ammunition_n will_v not_o admit_v so_o much_o as_o this_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o pretence_n for_o rapine_n and_o to_o disturb_v traffic_n so_o in_o the_o league_n that_o the_o english_a make_v with_o the_o hollander_n and_o their_o associate_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o other_o nation_n who_o it_o concern_v to_o give_v check_n to_o the_o swell_a power_n of_o the_o spanish_a monarchy_n shall_v be_v solicit_v to_o forbiâ—_n all_o commerce_n with_o spain_n which_o if_o they_o do_v not_o voluntary_o then_o that_o they_o will_v permit_v their_o ship_n to_o be_v search_v that_o no_o arm_n or_o instrument_n for_o war_n may_v be_v thither_o import_v but_o beyond_o this_o neither_o be_v the_o good_n or_o ship_n detain_v nor_o any_o hurt_n do_v under_o that_o pretence_n to_o such_o as_o traffic_v peaceable_o nay_o when_o in_o the_o same_o year_n several_a hamburger_n be_v take_v lade_v most_o with_o instrument_n of_o war_n those_o only_o be_v challenge_v by_o the_o english_a as_o prize_n but_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o commodity_n they_o pay_v the_o just_a value_n but_o the_o french_a when_o their_o ship_n be_v seize_v and_o confiscate_v by_o the_o english_a because_o bind_v for_o spain_n do_v declare_v unto_o queen_n elizabeth_n that_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v it_o it_o be_v fit_a therefore_o as_o i_o have_v say_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v remonstrance_n and_o public_a declaration_n forbid_v traffic_n with_o our_o enemy_n before_o we_o seize_v their_o good_n as_o prize_n so_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o favour_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n against_o the_o spaniard_n and_o those_o of_o the_o holy_a league_n 1598._o see_v a_o example_n of_o a_o declaration_n make_v by_o the_o english_a in_o cambden_n about_o the_o year_n 1591._o and_o 1598._o send_v out_o her_o proclamation_n command_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v carry_v victual_n or_o provision_n for_o war_n out_o of_o â—ngland_n into_o any_o of_o the_o port_n of_o france_n possess_v by_o the_o leaguer_n or_o traffic_v with_o they_o uâ—on_a pain_n of_o high_a treason_n and_o afterward_o the_o war_n wax_v hot_a it_o be_v public_o command_v upon_o the_o like_a pain_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v carry_v corn_n munition_n or_o provision_n for_o ship_n into_o spain_n because_o he_o profess_v himself_o a_o enemy_n to_o england_n and_o refuse_v to_o confirm_v the_o ancient_a league_n betwixt_o their_o predecessor_n neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o any_o nation_n shall_v be_v restrain_v from_o their_o freedom_n of_o traffic_n by_o such_o declaration_n but_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o every_o nation_n choice_n to_o do_v as_o their_o own_o occasion_n and_o advantage_n shall_v prompt_v they_o to_o there_o be_v nothing_o find_v in_o history_n 1595._o vid._n thuan._n an._n 1589._o lib._n 96._o cambd._n an._n 1589._o &_o 1595._o that_o may_v probable_o infer_v any_o certain_a determination_n of_o this_o controversy_n among_o nation_n wherefore_o such_o declaration_n though_o publish_v have_v be_v sometime_o observe_v and_o sometime_o not_o according_o as_o it_o stand_v with_o the_o respective_a advantage_n of_o several_a nation_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n we_o refer_v the_o decision_n of_o this_o question_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n when_o the_o hansetown_n make_v sore_a complaint_n against_o queen_n elizabeth_n 1595._o cambd._n an._n 1595._o upon_o her_o take_n of_o sixty_o hulk_n traffic_v to_o spain_n then_o in_o open_a war_n with_o england_n as_o if_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n have_v be_v break_v she_o answer_v that_o she_o have_v forewarn_v they_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o carry_v any_o provision_n for_o war_n to_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o carry_v they_o she_o have_v lawful_o take_v they_o and_o can_v do_v no_o other_o unless_o she_o will_v wilful_o draw_v destruction_n upon_o herself_o and_o people_n that_o
take_v it_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o be_v true_a but_o on_o one_o side_n only_o and_o that_o likewise_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o not_o by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o make_v provision_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o nation_n only_o 2._o ayala_n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o alb._n gent._n l._n 2._o c._n 2._o and_o not_o of_o those_o who_o be_v either_o no_o nation_n or_o but_o a_o corrupt_a part_n of_o one_o they_o likewise_o be_v in_o a_o error_n who_o conceive_v that_o in_o a_o war_n undertake_v for_o the_o defence_n either_o of_o our_o own_o person_n or_o our_o good_n there_o need_v no_o denunciation_n for_o even_o in_o such_o a_o war_n denunciation_n be_v altogether_o necessary_a though_o not_o simple_o yet_o to_o the_o obtain_v the_o effect_n proper_a to_o a_o just_a war_n as_o we_o have_v already_o hint_v and_o shall_v hereafter_o more_o full_o explain_v xiii_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v as_o soon_o make_v as_o denounce_v neither_o be_v they_o in_o the_o right_n who_o hold_n that_o war_n can_v just_o be_v as_o soon_o make_v as_o it_o be_v denounce_v which_o cyrus_n do_v against_o the_o armenian_n and_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o carthaginian_n as_o i_o say_v before_o for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n require_v not_o that_o any_o time_n shall_v be_v allow_v the_o war_n be_v denounce_v yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o business_n may_v haply_o require_v that_o some_o time_n be_v give_v as_o in_o case_n restitution_n be_v demand_v or_o punishment_n against_o a_o offender_n but_o not_o as_o yet_o deny_v for_o in_o these_o case_n convenient_a time_n be_v to_o be_v grant_v for_o the_o do_v of_o it_o fourteen_o whether_o it_o be_v to_o be_v denounce_v in_o case_n the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n be_v violate_v nay_o though_o the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n shall_v be_v violate_v yet_o it_o will_v not_o thence_o follow_v that_o to_o the_o attain_v those_o effect_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o a_o just_a war_n denunciation_n be_v not_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o it_o be_v do_v either_o by_o citation_n declaration_n proclamation_n or_o any_o other_o safe_a way_n or_o mean_n as_o be_v customary_o do_v in_o such_o place_n whereunto_o we_o can_v without_o danger_n approach_n chap._n iu._n that_o in_o a_o solemn_a war_n the_o right_a of_o kill_v enemy_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n grant_v i._o the_o effect_n of_o a_o solemn_a war_n general_o explain_v ii_o the_o word_n lawful_a distinguish_v into_o what_o may_v be_v do_v without_o blame_n though_o it_o may_v be_v more_o commendable_o otherwise_o and_o what_o be_v do_v be_v unpunishable_a iii_o that_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o solemn_a war_n general_o consider_v be_v therefore_o lawful_a because_o unpunishable_a iu._n why_o such_o effect_n be_v introduce_v v._o divers_a testimony_n concerâ—ing_v those_o effect_n vi_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v or_o any_o other_o way_n to_o distress_n all_o that_o reside_v in_o a_o enemy_n territory_n vii_o what_o if_o they_o come_v thither_o before_o the_o war._n viii_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o a_o enemy_n may_v in_o any_o place_n be_v assault_v unless_o protect_v by_o the_o law_n of_o a_o foreign_a prince_n ix_o that_o this_o licence_n extend_v to_o woman_n and_o infant_n x._o yea_o and_o to_o captive_n and_o that_o at_o all_o time_n xi_o yea_o even_o unto_o such_o as_o be_v willing_a to_o yield_v themselves_o if_o not_o accept_v of_o xii_o also_o unto_o such_o as_o surrender_v themselves_o without_o condition_n xiii_o that_o this_o right_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n as_o to_o retaliation_n obstinacy_n etc._n etc._n fourteen_o that_o this_o licence_n may_v be_v extend_v even_o to_o hostage_n xv._o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v forbid_v to_o kill_v by_o poison_n xvi_o or_o to_o impoison_v either_o water_n or_o weapon_n xvii_o but_o not_o any_o other_o way_n to_o corrupt_v their_o water_n xviii_o whether_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n will_v admit_v the_o kill_n of_o a_o enemy_n by_o a_o private_a murderer_n explain_v xix_o whether_o the_o ravish_a of_o woman_n be_v permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i._o the_o right_n of_o kill_v enemy_n in_o a_o solemn_a war._n servius_n upon_o this_o verse_n of_o virgil_n tum_o certare_fw-la odiis_fw-la tum_fw-la res_fw-la rapuisse_fw-la licebit_fw-la then_o lawful_a it_o be_v to_o fight_v to_o kill_v and_o spoil_v derive_v the_o fecial_a law_n from_o ancus_n martius_n and_o so_o upward_o from_o the_o aequicolae_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o any_o great_a injury_n be_v do_v unto_o the_o roman_n by_o any_o other_o nation_n the_o pater_fw-la patratus_fw-la or_o precedent_n of_o the_o college_n with_o some_o other_o of_o the_o herald_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o contract_v league_n and_o denounce_v war_n go_v to_o the_o border_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o there_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n proclaim_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n and_o if_o they_o do_v not_o restore_v the_o thing_n take_v or_o deliver_v up_o the_o offender_n within_o thirty_o day_n than_o he_o cast_v a_o javelin_n into_o their_o territory_n which_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o war_n that_o do_v it_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o kill_v and_o spoil_v he_o have_v before_o say_v that_o the_o ancient_n under_o res_fw-la rapere_fw-la comprehend_v all_o manner_n of_o injury_n and_o under_o res_fw-la reddere_fw-la the_o restore_a thing_n all_o manner_n of_o satisfaction_n though_o there_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o rapine_n in_o the_o case_n whence_o we_o learn_v that_o a_o war_n solemn_o denounce_v between_o two_o nation_n or_o their_o chief_a magistrate_n have_v some_o peculiar_a effect_n 5._o crantzius_n saxonicorum_n 2._o 5._o which_o war_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n can_v challenge_v all_o which_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o quote_v from_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n ii_o the_o word_n lawful_a distinguish_v which_o word_n of_o virgil_n that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o understand_v we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v take_v in_o a_o twofold_a sense_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v lawful_a which_o be_v altogether_o just_a and_o honest_a though_o haply_o some_o other_o thing_n may_v be_v more_o commendable_o do_v in_o which_o sense_n st_n paul_n speak_v of_o thing_n in_o themselves_o indifferent_a say_v all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a for_o i_o 6.17_o 1_o cor._n 6.17_o but_o all_o thing_n be_v not_o expedient_a as_o for_o example_n to_o marry_v be_v lawful_a martion_n adu._n martion_n but_o to_o contain_v if_o it_o be_v with_o a_o pious_a intention_n be_v more_o laudable_a for_o as_o tertullian_n well_o observe_v continence_n will_v lose_v her_o best_a evidence_n if_o to_o marry_v be_v unlawful_a virgin_n say_v st._n hierome_n helu._n ad_fw-la helu._n deserve_v the_o great_a honour_n because_o what_o they_o may_v do_v without_o sin_n they_o voluntary_o disdain_v pammach_n ad_fw-la pammach_n and_o again_o all_o those_o supereminent_a virtue_n that_o lead_v to_o perfection_n be_v leave_v as_o arbitrary_a to_o our_o auditor_n nulla_fw-la tibi_fw-la imponitur_fw-la necessitas_fw-la ut_fw-la voluntas_fw-la praemium_fw-la consequatur_fw-la no_o necessity_n be_v impose_v on_o thou_o that_o what_o thou_o do_v true_o may_v receive_v the_o great_a reward_n st._n chrysostome_n speak_v of_o matrimony_n show_v that_o although_o it_o be_v lawful_a yet_o it_o be_v better_a to_o abstain_v and_o yet_o in_o his_o exposition_n on_o the_o seven_o to_o the_o roman_n 7._o ad_fw-la 1_o cor._n 7._o he_o say_v that_o to_o they_o that_o do_v not_o what_o they_o be_v command_v hell_n be_v denounce_v thereby_o show_v that_o thing_n absolute_o command_v be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o those_o that_o be_v leave_v to_o their_o own_o free_a choice_n as_o virginity_n and_o the_o renounce_n of_o our_o possession_n because_o those_o that_o be_v command_v must_v of_o necessity_n be_v do_v and_o therefore_o in_o his_o second_o oration_n concern_v fast_v he_o place_v virginity_n without_o the_o list_n and_o above_o that_o which_o we_o be_v command_v to_o strive_v for_o unto_o which_o as_o he_o that_o can_v attain_v show_v his_o christian_a magnanimity_n so_o he_o that_o shall_v fall_v short_a of_o easy_o obtain_v pardon_v and_o in_o this_o sense_n also_o be_v second_o marriage_n lawful_a although_o to_o have_v be_v content_v with_o one_o only_o be_v much_o better_o 1._o strom._n 4._o see_v grat._n out_o of_o st_n aug._n c._n 14._o q._n 1._o ad_fw-la pollent_fw-la lib._n 1._o c._n 15._o grat._n c._n 28._o q._n 1._o as_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n right_o state_v the_o question_n where_o speak_v of_o a_o man_n that_o have_v contract_v a_o second_o marriage_n he_o say_v that_o although_o therein_o he_o sin_v not_o because_o there_o be_v no_o law_n
that_o forbid_v it_o yet_o can_v he_o never_o attain_v unto_o that_o perfection_n of_o holiness_n that_o the_o gospel_n seem_v to_o commend_v unto_o we_o so_o for_o a_o believe_a husband_n to_o put_v away_o his_o unbelieve_a wife_n be_v lawful_a as_o st._n augustine_n affirm_v which_o with_o what_o circumstance_n be_v to_o be_v verify_v it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o purpose_n in_o this_o place_n to_o discuss_v but_o yet_o he_o may_v and_o that_o haply_o more_o laudable_o retain_v she_o wherefore_o he_o add_v both_o be_v equal_o lawful_a according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o divine_a justice_n for_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v prohibit_v by_o god_n but_o yet_o both_o be_v not_o equal_o expedient_a ulpian_n concern_v he_o that_o have_v sell_v his_o wine_n and_o covenant_v with_o the_o buyer_n that_o if_o he_o fetch_v it_o not_o by_o such_o a_o day_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o pour_v it_o out_o say_v that_o although_o he_o may_v do_v it_o yet_o if_o he_o do_v it_o not_o he_o be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v commend_v second_o this_o word_n lawful_a may_v be_v take_v for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o humane_a law_n although_o it_o consist_v not_o with_o piety_n or_o the_o rule_n of_o morality_n thus_o in_o many_o country_n fornication_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v not_o punishable_a among_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o egyptian_n theft_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o quintilian_n we_o read_v that_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o though_o not_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n commendable_a yet_o that_o be_v by_o the_o law_n tolerate_v as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n the_o body_n of_o the_o debtor_n may_v the_o divide_a among_o the_o creditor_n all_o which_o though_o in_o themselves_o unfit_a and_o unseemly_a yet_o be_v by_o some_o lawgiver_n permit_v to_o avoid_v great_a inconvenience_n licentia_fw-la plerumque_fw-la est_fw-la tentatio_fw-la disciplinae_fw-la licence_n say_v tertullian_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o the_o touchstone_n of_o discipline_n all_o thing_n say_v s._n paul_n be_v lawful_a but_o all_o thing_n edify_v not_o now_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v somewhat_o improper_a as_o cicero_n testify_v in_o his_o tusculan_n 5._o lib._n 5._o where_o speak_v of_o cinna_n who_o have_v be_v four_o time_n consul_n and_o have_v cause_v divers_a of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o roman_a nobility_n to_o be_v slay_v say_v thus_o shall_v we_o esteem_v this_o man_n happy_a nay_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o think_v he_o miserable_a not_o because_o he_o commit_v these_o thing_n but_o because_o he_o so_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n that_o he_o may_v lawful_o commit_v they_o not_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o sin_n sed_fw-la sermonis_fw-la errore_fw-la labimur_fw-la dum_fw-la id_fw-la licere_fw-la dicimus_fw-la quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la conceditur_fw-la but_o we_o be_v mislead_v through_o the_o common_a error_n of_o speech_n whilst_o we_o pronounce_v that_o lawful_a which_o be_v only_o permit_v injuria_fw-la summum_fw-la jus_o summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la whence_o columella_n conclude_v that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o prosecute_v our_o revenge_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o what_o we_o may_v for_o extreme_a severity_n be_v too_o near_o a_o neighbour_n to_o extreme_a cruelty_n yet_o notwithstanding_o though_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v not_o so_o proper_a yet_o be_v it_o among_o the_o roman_n very_o frequent_a as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o same_o cicero_n who_o thus_o bespeak_v the_o judge_n posthumo_fw-la orat._n pro_fw-la rabirio_n posthumo_fw-la quid_fw-la deceat_fw-la vos_fw-la non_fw-la quantum_fw-la liceat_fw-la vobis_fw-la spectare_fw-la debetis_fw-la you_o that_o be_v judge_n ought_v to_o consider_v not_o so_o much_o what_o in_o strictness_n of_o law_n you_o may_v do_v but_o what_o in_o every_o case_n be_v most_o fit_a and_o convenient_a to_o be_v do_v for_o if_o you_o regard_v your_o own_o power_n only_o you_o may_v put_v to_o death_n even_o who_o you_o will_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o say_v of_o king_n that_o they_o may_v do_v even_o what_o they_o please_v because_o they_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o lash_n of_o humane_a law_n yet_o be_v that_o advice_n which_o claudian_n give_v unto_o his_o prince_n much_o more_o worthy_o to_o be_v by_o all_o prince_n receive_v nec_fw-la tibi_fw-la quid_fw-la liceat_fw-la sed_fw-la quid_fw-la fecisse_fw-la decebit_fw-la occurrat_fw-la resolve_v to_o do_v not_o what_o you_o may_v but_o what_o become_v you_o musonius_n high_o blame_v those_o prince_n who_o study_v more_o their_o own_o prerogative_n 5._o declam_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o than_o the_o good_a of_o their_o subject_n and_o that_o say_v thus_o and_o thus_o i_o can_v do_v rather_o than_o thus_o and_o thus_o i_o ought_v to_o do_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o find_v these_o two_o word_n licet_fw-la and_o oportet_fw-la it_o be_v lawful_a and_o it_o behoove_v place_v sometime_o in_o opposition_n one_o to_o the_o other_o 30._o lib._n 30._o as_o in_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n sunt_fw-la aliqua_fw-la quae_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la oportet_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la licet_fw-la some_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v do_v though_o lawful_o we_o may_v do_v they_o so_o in_o pliny_n epistle_n thing_n that_o be_v dishonest_a we_o must_v avoid_v not_o as_o they_o be_v unlawful_a but_o as_o they_o be_v shameful_a and_o as_o cicero_n himself_o affirm_v the_o same_o est_fw-la enim_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la oporteat_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la licet_fw-la balbo_n orat._n pro_fw-la balbo_n something_o be_v be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v do_v though_o lawful_a and_o in_o his_o oration_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o milo_n he_o distinguish_v between_o fas_fw-la and_o licet_fw-la attribute_v to_o the_o former_a that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o to_o the_o latter_a that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o particular_a country_n so_o quintilian_n the_o father_n in_o one_o of_o his_o declamation_n tell_v we_o 251._o orat._n 251._o that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o look_v strict_o to_o what_o be_v a_o man_n right_a i._n e._n to_o what_o a_o man_n may_v do_v and_o another_o thing_n to_o respect_n that_o which_o be_v just_a aliud_fw-la est_fw-la spectare_fw-la jura_fw-la aliud_fw-la justitiam_fw-la iii_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a general_o that_o be_v not_o punishable_a in_o this_o sense_n therefore_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o enemy_n to_o hurt_v another_o both_o in_o his_o person_n or_o in_o his_o estate_n it_o be_v lawful_a i_o say_v not_o only_o for_o he_o that_o make_v war_n upon_o a_o just_a ground_n and_o that_o in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o that_o war_n contain_v himself_o within_o those_o bound_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v prescribe_v he_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v but_o for_o both_o party_n and_o that_o without_o distinction_n so_o that_o he_o that_o do_v thus_o injure_v his_o enemy_n though_o he_o be_v apprehend_v in_o another_o prince_n dominion_n yet_o can_v he_o not_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o a_o homicide_n or_o as_o a_o thief_n neither_o can_v any_o other_o prince_n for_o this_o only_a cause_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o sallust_n true_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a to_o the_o conqueror_n iu._n why_o such_o effect_n be_v introduce_v now_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o licence_n grant_v by_o all_o nation_n be_v this_o because_o when_o two_o nation_n be_v at_o war_n for_o any_o other_o nation_n to_o judge_v where_o the_o right_o be_v have_v be_v dangerous_a for_o by_o that_o mean_n that_o nation_n may_v quick_o be_v entangle_v in_o the_o other_o war_n as_o the_o marseillian_o plead_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n and_o therefore_o they_o confess_v that_o they_o have_v neither_o wisdom_n nor_o power_n sufficient_a to_o determine_v whether_o of_o they_o have_v the_o just_a cause_n beside_o even_o where_o the_o war_n be_v manifest_o just_a it_o be_v a_o very_a nice_a thing_n by_o any_o outward_a token_n to_o judge_v which_o be_v the_o just_a rule_n or_o measure_n either_o of_o defend_v ourselves_o of_o recover_v our_o own_o right_n or_o of_o exact_v punishment_n so_o that_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n of_o the_o prince_n engage_v to_o determine_v of_o these_o thing_n among_o themselves_o than_o to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o other_o thus_o do_v the_o achaian_n demand_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o what_o have_v former_o be_v act_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n shall_v now_o fall_v into_o debate_n now_o beside_o this_o of_o licence_n and_o impunity_n there_o be_v another_o effect_n of_o a_o just_a and_o solemn_a war_n namely_o
make_v use_n of_o the_o treachery_n of_o other_o in_o all_o other_o case_n do_v not_o allow_v of_o it_o in_o this_o case_n be_v the_o very_a same_o that_o be_v before_o give_v in_o the_o case_n of_o poison_n namely_o to_o restrain_v the_o danger_n that_o attend_v king_n and_o prince_n when_o one_o tell_v eumenes_n 14._o just_a lib._n 14._o that_o his_o enemy_n have_v hire_v one_o to_o kill_v he_o he_o will_v not_o believe_v that_o any_o general_n or_o inferior_a captain_n will_v give_v so_o ill_a a_o example_n against_o himself_o and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o same_o justine_n declare_v 12._o just_a lib._n 12._o that_o when_o bessus_n have_v kill_v king_n darius_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v endure_v for_o example_n sake_n because_o it_o be_v the_o common_a cause_n of_o all_o king_n for_o as_o seneca_n well_o observe_v regi_fw-la tuenda_fw-la est_fw-la maxim_n regum_fw-la salus_fw-la a_o king_n chief_a care_n be_v the_o defence_n of_o king_n in_o a_o solemn_a war_n and_o among_o those_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o denounce_v a_o solemn_a war_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n private_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o solemn_a war_n it_o be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n account_v lawful_a that_o be_v unpunishable_a 11._o annal._n l._n 11._o tacitus_n deny_v peremptory_o that_o the_o plot_n that_o be_v lay_v against_o the_o life_n of_o gannascus_n be_v at_o all_o 7._o lib._n 7._o degenerous_a because_o he_o be_v a_o traitor_n and_o curtius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o guilt_n of_o bessus_n in_o kill_v darius_n do_v make_v the_o treachery_n of_o spitamenes_n appear_v the_o less_o odious_a for_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v think_v wicked_a that_o be_v do_v against_o a_o regicide_n so_o likewise_o ammianus_n concern_v florentius_n and_o barchalba_n who_o have_v surprise_v procopius_n the_o traitor_n si_fw-mi principem_fw-la legitimum_fw-la prodidissent_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsa_fw-la justitia_fw-la jure_fw-la caesos_fw-la pronunciaret_fw-la si_fw-la rebellem_fw-la &_o oppugnatorem_fw-la internae_fw-la quietis_fw-la ut_fw-la ferebatur_fw-la amplas_fw-la ei_fw-la memorabilis_fw-la facti_fw-la opportuerat_fw-la deferri_fw-la mercedes_fw-la if_o it_o have_v be_v their_o lawful_a sovereign_n that_o they_o have_v betray_v the_o law_n have_v just_o sentence_v they_o to_o death_n but_o if_o he_o be_v a_o rebel_n or_o a_o disturber_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o his_o own_o country_n as_o be_v say_v you_o ought_v to_o give_v he_o a_o reward_n worthy_a of_o so_o memorable_a a_o fact_n thus_o be_v artabanes_n high_o commend_v in_o procopius_n for_o kill_a gontharide_n as_o we_o may_v read_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o second_o of_o his_o vandal_n history_n so_o perfidiousness_n or_o treachery_n against_o thief_n and_o pirate_n though_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o blameless_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n punishable_a because_o commit_v against_o such_o as_o be_v enemy_n to_o humane_a society_n but_o what_o if_o they_o that_o be_v send_v to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n private_o do_v owe_v he_o no_o faith_n kill_v but_o not_o if_o he_o owe_v he_o no_o faith_n but_o not_o if_o the_o person_n send_v owe_v no_o faith_n to_o he_o who_o he_o be_v send_v to_o kill_v nor_o be_v any_o way_n oblige_v unto_o he_o sure_o then_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o kill_v he_o if_o they_o can_v even_o in_o his_o own_o quarter_n thus_o pipin_n father_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a of_o france_n attend_v with_o one_o only_a of_o his_o guard_n pass_v the_o rhine_n and_o kill_v his_o enemy_n even_o in_o his_o own_o chamber_n the_o like_a be_v attempt_v by_o one_o theodotus_n a_o etolian_a upon_o ptolemy_n king_n of_o egypt_n which_o polybius_n commend_v as_o no_o unmanly_a attempt_n such_o also_o be_v that_o heroic_a enterprise_n of_o q._n mutius_n scaevola_n who_o be_v in_o plutarch_n esteem_n a_o man_n accomplish_v with_o all_o virtuous_a endowment_n which_o attempt_n he_o thus_o defend_v host_n hostem_fw-la occidere_fw-la volui_fw-la i_o be_v a_o enemy_n will_v have_v kill_v a_o enemy_n 3._o livy_n l._n 2._o lib._n 3._o c._n 3._o porsenna_n himself_o acknowledge_v this_o to_o be_v a_o act_n of_o true_a valour_n valerius_n maximus_n commend_v it_o for_o a_o brave_a and_o gallant_a resolution_n so_o do_v cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o publius_n sextus_n because_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n wheresoever_o we_o find_v he_o be_v lawful_a both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n neither_o do_v it_o make_v any_o difference_n how_o many_o they_o be_v that_o either_o thus_o act_n or_o suffer_v six_o hundred_o lacedaemonian_n we_o read_v of_o that_o with_o leonides_n their_o king_n march_v direct_o through_o the_o camp_n of_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o their_o enemy_n even_o unto_o the_o king_n pavilion_n 4._o just_a l._n 2._o zozimus_fw-la l._n 4._o the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v by_o few_o a_o reward_n be_v promise_v by_o the_o emperor_n valens_n to_o he_o that_o shall_v bring_v in_o the_o head_n of_o any_o scythian_a whereupon_o a_o peace_n immediate_o ensue_v they_o be_v not_o many_o that_o circumvent_v marcellus_n and_o his_o fellow_n consul_n and_o slay_v they_o 24._o livy_n 27._o tacit._n hist_o l._n 5._o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 1._o c._n 40._o &_o jos_n anc._n 15._o lib._n 4._o lib._n 24._o and_o that_o have_v likely_a to_o have_v kill_v petilius_n cerealis_n even_o in_o his_o bed_n ambrose_n high_o commend_v eleazar_n who_o see_v a_o mighty_a elephant_n high_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n assaulted_z him_z suppose_v that_o he_o that_o sit_v upon_o he_o have_v be_v the_o king_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o attempt_n that_o theodosius_n make_v upon_o eugenius_n record_v by_o zozimus_n nor_o that_o of_o the_o ten_o persian_n against_o the_o emperor_n julian_n attest_v by_o ammianus_n neither_o be_v they_o only_o that_o make_v these_o attempt_n excusable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o they_o also_o that_o employ_v they_o those_o roman_a senator_n that_o be_v so_o renown_v for_o their_o war_n 2._o livy_n l._n 2._o be_v repute_v the_o author_n of_o that_o gallant_a attempt_n make_v by_o scaevola_n neither_o be_v it_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o object_n that_o such_o man_n be_v take_v be_v put_v to_o exquisite_a torment_n for_o this_o happen_v not_o for_o that_o they_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o because_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n every_o thing_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v do_v against_o a_o enemy_n and_o all_o conqueror_n be_v more_o or_o less_o severe_a according_a as_o it_o shall_v conduce_v to_o their_o future_a advantage_n for_o thus_o be_v spy_n deal_v withal_o yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v hold_v lawful_a by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o nation_n to_o send_v out_o such_o as_o moses_n do_v joshua_n into_o the_o land_n of_o caanan_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n to_o kill_v spy_n say_v appian_n and_o that_o just_o sometime_o by_o such_o as_o have_v apparent_o a_o just_a cause_n to_o make_v war_n but_o by_o other_o it_o be_v only_o lawful_a by_o that_o licence_n which_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n sometime_o give_v but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o will_v not_o make_v use_n of_o such_o instrument_n though_o offer_v this_o proceed_v rather_o from_o the_o magnanimity_n and_o the_o confidence_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o war_n in_o his_o own_o strength_n than_o from_o a_o opinion_n he_o have_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v unjust_a xix_o whether_o ravishment_n be_v in_o such_o a_o war_n lawful_a the_o ravish_v of_o woman_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n sometime_o permit_v in_o war_n and_o sometime_o forbid_v they_o that_o permit_v it_o do_v respect_n only_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o body_n of_o a_o enemy_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n they_o think_v aught_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o other_o much_o better_a look_v not_o unto_o the_o sole_a injury_n do_v unto_o the_o body_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o to_o the_o very_a unbridled_a act_n of_o lust_n which_o conduce_v nothing_o either_o to_o the_o security_n of_o the_o conqueror_n or_o to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o unpunishable_a in_o war_n than_o in_o peace_n and_o this_o be_v the_o law_n if_o not_o of_o all_o nation_n yet_o at_o least_o of_o the_o better_a and_o more_o civilise_a among_o they_o marcellus_z before_o he_o take_v syracuse_n take_v special_a care_n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o chastity_n 2._o aug._n de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 2._o even_o of_o his_o enemy_n and_o scipio_n as_o livy_n testify_v tell_v his_o soldier_n that_o it_o much_o concern_v his_o own_o honour_n 26._o lib._n 26._o and_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o
general_a consent_n of_o nation_n grant_v that_o the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n take_v place_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o person_n that_o be_v a_o captive_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o this_o right_n shall_v come_v within_o the_o guard_n or_o garrison_n of_o our_o friend_n and_o associate_n as_o pomponius_n speak_v or_o as_o paulus_n expound_v it_o by_o way_n of_o example_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o shall_v enter_v into_o any_o garrison_n that_o belong_v unto_o such_o a_o king_n or_o state_n as_o be_v our_o friend_n and_o companion_n in_o the_o same_o war._n for_o so_o indeed_o be_v these_o word_n friend_n and_o associate_n here_o to_o be_v understand_v not_o of_o any_o nation_n or_o king_n with_o who_o we_o be_v at_o peace_n but_o of_o such_o only_a as_o be_v so_o confederate_a with_o we_o that_o they_o be_v party_n in_o the_o same_o war_n into_o who_o garrison_n whosoever_o enter_v out_o of_o captivity_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o former_a right_n and_o be_v defend_v upon_o the_o public_a account_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o whether_o they_o that_o so_o return_v be_v man_n or_o thing_n or_o whether_o they_o come_v into_o our_o garrison_n or_o the_o garrison_n of_o our_o associate_n but_o in_o case_n they_o that_o be_v take_v captive_n shall_v fly_v into_o the_o dominion_n of_o our_o neighbour_n king_n who_o though_o at_o peace_n with_o we_o be_v not_o associate_v with_o we_o in_o the_o same_o war_n they_o shall_v not_o change_v their_o condition_n of_o be_v prisoner_n unless_o it_o be_v before_o so_o express_o agree_v as_o it_o be_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o their_o second_o league_n that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v take_v by_o the_o carthaginian_n can_v escape_v out_o of_o any_o people_n territory_n that_o be_v friend_n to_o the_o roman_n into_o any_o of_o their_o port_n or_o city_n that_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o roman_n they_o may_v enjoy_v their_o liberty_n flaminii_n val._n max._n lib._n 5._o c._n 2._o 6._o diod._n sic._n exc_fw-la leg._n n._n 3._o plut._n vit._n flaminii_n the_o like_a provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o therefore_o when_o some_o of_o the_o roman_n be_v take_v in_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n be_v sell_v by_o way_n of_o traffic_n into_o greece_n they_o be_v not_o admit_v to_o enjoy_v this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n because_o the_o grecian_n in_o that_o war_n stand_v neuter_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v first_o ransom_v before_o they_o can_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n yea_o and_o although_o flaminius_n have_v conquer_v king_n philip_n have_v set_v all_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n at_o liberty_n yet_o will_v he_o not_o take_v away_o from_o their_o master_n by_o force_n those_o roman_a captive_n which_o have_v be_v former_o sell_v by_o the_o carthaginian_n unto_o the_o grecian_n but_o the_o achaian_n to_o gratify_v he_o for_o their_o liberty_n buy_v twelve_o hundred_o of_o they_o who_o be_v disperse_v though_o greece_n and_o present_v they_o to_o flaminius_n who_o receive_v they_o as_o a_o present_a of_o great_a value_n so_o do_v the_o rhodian_o buy_v the_o athenian_a captive_n 3._o polyb._n except_a leg._n n._n 3._o take_v in_o the_o war_n that_o king_n philip_n make_v in_o greece_n and_o frank_o restore_v they_o to_o the_o athenian_n and_o in_o homer_n we_o read_v of_o divers_a person_n take_v in_o war_n that_o be_v sell_v into_o such_o country_n that_o be_v in_o peace_n iii_o some_o thing_n return_v and_o some_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n the_o ancient_a roman_n do_v always_o account_v those_o that_o be_v receive_v out_o of_o captivity_n as_o freeman_n gallus_n aelius_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o signification_n of_o law_n term_n say_v that_o he_o who_o be_v free_a of_o one_o city_n do_v voluntary_o depart_v to_o another_o and_o afterward_o do_v return_v back_o into_o that_o city_n whereof_o he_o be_v at_o the_o 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that_o rome_n be_v a_o city_n that_o of_o old_a be_v in_o captivos_fw-la minime_fw-la indulgens_fw-la very_o regardless_o of_o their_o captive_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v proper_a only_o to_o the_o roman_n can_v not_o of_o itself_o constitute_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o may_v notwithstanding_o serve_v as_o one_o cause_n among_o other_o for_o which_o the_o roman_n do_v the_o more_o willing_o embrace_v that_o law_n which_o be_v before_o introduce_v by_o other_o nation_n but_o a_o true_a reason_n may_v be_v this_o because_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n make_v war_n will_v willing_o be_v believe_v that_o there_o cause_n be_v just_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o they_o that_o take_v arm_n against_o they_o do_v the_o wrong_n now_o whilst_o both_o party_n be_v thus_o persuade_v it_o will_v not_o be_v safe_a for_o any_o
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freeman_n return_v so_o by_o this_o right_n in_o case_n he_o return_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o he_o may_v follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o that_o city_n whereunto_o he_o return_v as_o trophoninus_n deliver_v it_o because_o as_o the_o servant_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v free_a oughts_z first_o to_o be_v svi_fw-la juris_fw-la of_o and_o for_o himself_o that_o so_o his_o act_n may_v be_v voluntary_a so_o he_o that_o will_v be_v admit_v as_o a_o citizen_n after_o captivity_n must_v resolve_v to_o incorporate_v himself_o with_o that_o city_n and_o become_v one_o with_o it_o or_o as_o a_o member_n of_o it_o moreover_o whether_o the_o captive_n be_v retake_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n or_o whether_o he_o have_v make_v his_o escape_n by_o fraud_n it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o florentinus_n observe_v and_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o if_o he_o be_v free_o dismiss_v by_o the_o enemy_n but_o what_o if_o he_o be_v sell_v by_o way_n of_o contract_n to_o another_o and_o that_o he_o thence_o escape_v into_o his_o own_o country_n this_o question_n be_v handle_v by_o seneca_n in_o his_o controversy_n concern_v the_o olynthian_o who_o parrhasius_n buy_v for_o when_o the_o decree_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o athenian_n whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o olynthian_o shall_v be_v free_a he_o make_v this_o doubt_n whether_o by_o that_o decree_n it_o be_v mean_v that_o they_o may_v be_v make_v free_a or_o that_o they_o be_v adjudge_v thereby_o to_o be_v free_a which_o latter_a opinion_n be_v the_o true_a thus_o childubius_n in_o procopius_n plead_v that_o be_v return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n he_o be_v by_o the_o law_n thenceforth_o a_o free_a man_n vi_o what_o right_n he_o may_v receive_v and_o what_o not_o but_o a_o freeman_n be_v return_v home_o do_v not_o only_o recover_v his_o own_o freedom_n but_o all_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v he_o in_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n whether_o they_o be_v thing_n corporeal_a or_o incorporeal_a because_o though_o people_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n as_o they_o do_v not_o inquire_v into_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o war_n but_o take_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v to_o the_o captive_a to_o be_v just_a so_o when_o they_o see_v the_o captive_a to_o be_v at_o liberty_n they_o dispute_v not_o the_o manner_n how_o but_o take_v it_o as_o grant_v that_o he_o be_v release_v just_o whereby_o they_o show_v themselves_o indifferent_a to_o both_o party_n wherefore_o he_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n be_v possess_v of_o a_o captive_n have_v not_o a_o absolute_a and_o indubitable_a right_n unto_o all_o thing_n that_o belong_v to_o he_o for_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o his_o right_n may_v surcease_v without_o or_o against_o his_o will_n that_o if_o the_o prisoner_n can_v make_v his_o escape_n and_o return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n for_o then_o just_a so_o as_o he_o lose_v his_o right_n to_o the_o man_n do_v he_o lose_v his_o title_n to_o those_o good_n which_o be_v he_o but_o what_o if_o those_o good_n be_v alienate_v whether_o shall_v he_o that_o derive_v his_o title_n to_o they_o from_o he_o who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n the_o owner_n of_o they_o be_v defend_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o shall_v the_o same_o thing_n so_o alienate_v be_v recover_v those_o good_n i_o mean_v that_o be_v extant_a among_o such_o people_n as_o stand_v neuter_n in_o the_o war._n here_o then_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v return_v by_o postliminy_n and_o such_o as_o be_v uncapable_a of_o this_o right_n the_o difference_n whereof_o we_o shall_v present_o explain_v that_o the_o former_a may_v appear_v to_o be_v alienate_v during_o their_o cause_n only_o and_o under_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o person_n be_v still_o hold_v in_o custody_n these_o latter_a simple_o and_o absolute_o by_o thing_n alienate_v i_o understand_v even_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v give_v or_o receive_v vii_o all_o right_n against_o he_o be_v restore_v as_o he_o that_o return_v home_o have_v a_o right_a unto_o all_o thing_n by_o the_o law_n that_o be_v he_o before_o he_o be_v take_v so_o be_v the_o law_n in_o force_n against_o he_o as_o full_o as_o if_o he_o have_v never_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n viii_o why_o they_o that_o yield_v themselves_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o 〈◊〉_d right_o but_o unto_o this_o rule_n as_o it_o concern_v such_o as_o be_v freeman_n paulus_n allow_v of_o this_o exception_n postliminio_fw-la carent_fw-la qui_fw-la armis_fw-la victi_fw-la hostibus_fw-la se_fw-la dederant_fw-la they_o that_o be_v conquer_v by_o arm_n have_v yield_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o will_n of_o their_o enemy_n have_v no_o benefit_n by_o their_o return_n home_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o all_o agreement_n with_o enemy_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o be_v observe_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o neither_o be_v this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n to_o be_v admit_v against_o those_o agreement_n and_o therefore_o those_o roman_n in_o gellius_n 〈…〉_o lib._n 7._o 〈…〉_o who_o be_v take_v by_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o send_v back_o to_o rome_n to_o procure_v exchange_n do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n be_v not_o due_a unto_o they_o because_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o oath_n to_o return_v from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v right_o observe_v by_o paulus_n that_o during_o the_o time_n of_o a_o truce_n there_o be_v no_o right_o claim_v by_o postliminy_n yet_o modestinus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o they_o that_o deliver_v themselves_o up_o to_o their_o enemy_n be_v bind_v by_o no_o covenant_n or_o promise_v make_v they_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o their_o freedom_n by_o postliminy_n ix_o how_o a_o people_n may_v obtain_v this_o right_n that_o which_o have_v be_v
wherein_o as_o christian_n we_o stand_v oblige_v as_o in_o case_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o booty_n so_o take_v do_v not_o impoverish_v the_o commonwealth_n or_o the_o king_n that_o maintain_v the_o war_n or_o those_o particular_a person_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a arm_n against_o we_o but_o rather_o such_o particular_a person_n as_o be_v innocent_a who_o likewise_o be_v thereby_o reduce_v into_o so_o miserable_a a_o condition_n that_o in_o case_n we_o shall_v cast_v those_o who_o be_v private_o indebt_v unto_o we_o into_o the_o like_a we_o shall_v be_v think_v unmerciful_o cruel_a whereunto_o if_o we_o likewise_o add_v that_o the_o spoil_n we_o take_v from_o these_o contribute_v little_a or_o nothing_o either_o to_o the_o finish_n of_o the_o war_n or_o to_o the_o enfeeble_v of_o the_o enemy_n strength_n it_o will_v easy_o convince_v we_o that_o it_o will_v ill_o become_v a_o honest_a man_n much_o less_o a_o christian_n to_o make_v a_o advantage_n to_o himself_o by_o the_o sole_a infelicity_n of_o the_o time_n for_o which_o very_a thing_n it_o be_v that_o plutarch_n so_o high_o blame_v crassus_n say_v pleraque_fw-la horum_fw-la ex_fw-la igne_fw-la belloque_fw-la rapuit_fw-la nihil_fw-la magis_fw-la lucro_fw-la habens_fw-la quam_fw-la commune_v calamitates_fw-la the_o great_a part_n of_o who_o riches_n he_o gain_v by_o fire_n and_o by_o war_n raise_v his_o private_a fortune_n by_o nothing_o more_o than_o by_o public_a calamity_n v._o how_o a_o private_a war_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o a_o public_a but_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o public_a war_n there_o arise_v a_o private_a as_o if_o a_o man_n fall_v by_o accident_n among_o his_o enemy_n and_o be_v thereby_o in_o danger_n of_o his_o life_n or_o good_n in_o which_o case_n such_o mean_n as_o we_o have_v already_o grant_v 1._o grant_v lib._n 2._o c._n 1._o may_v lawful_o be_v use_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o life_n and_o fortune_n we_o read_v that_o sometime_o in_o war_n private_a 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to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o all_o the_o italian_n yet_o be_v he_o a_o much_o great_a enemy_n to_o faith_n and_o sincerity_n rejoice_v always_o in_o falsehood_n and_o lie_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v commendable_a virtue_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o whereas_o he_o have_v otherwise_o bequeath_v unto_o the_o world_n a_o honourable_a memory_n of_o himself_o he_o hereby_o leave_v it_o disputable_a whether_o his_o vice_n do_v not_o exceed_v his_o virtue_n thus_o the_o trojan_n in_o homer_n be_v prick_v in_o conscience_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o perfidiousness_n condemn_v themselves_o rumpentes_fw-la foedera_fw-la sacra_fw-la juratamque_fw-la fidem_fw-la pugnamus_fw-la non_fw-la quibus_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la break_v our_o sacred_a league_n and_o faith_n though_o swear_v we_o fight_v '_o against_o those_o who_o such_o false_a deal_n scorn_v ii_o faith_n to_o be_v keep_v with_o thief_n and_o tyrant_n neither_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v 5._o say_v lib._n 2._o c._n 13._o sect._n 5._o may_v we_o admit_v of_o that_o of_o cicero_n nulla_fw-la nobis_fw-la societas_fw-la cum_fw-la tyrannis_fw-la that_o no_o society_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v with_o tyrant_n no_o nor_o of_o the_o same_o cicero_n pirata_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la perduellium_fw-la numero_fw-la cum_fw-la hoc_fw-la nec_fw-la fides_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la nec_fw-la jusjurandum_fw-la commune_v a_o pirate_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v as_o any_o man_n particular_a enemy_n with_o who_o neither_o faith_n nor_o common_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v nor_o that_o of_o seneca_n who_o speak_v of_o a_o tyrant_n say_v benef_n say_v lib._n 7._o the_o benef_n all_o obligation_n to_o he_o be_v cancel_v if_o he_o cut_v off_o from_o that_o which_o be_v the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o mankind_n from_o which_o impure_a fountain_n proceed_v that_o error_n of_o michael_n ephesus_n nicom_o ephesus_n ad_fw-la 5._o nicom_o who_o teach_v that_o it_o be_v not_o adultery_n that_o be_v commit_v with_o the_o wife_n of_o a_o tyrant_n non_fw-la putans_fw-la adulterium_fw-la vxorem_fw-la tyranni_fw-la polluere_fw-la sicut_fw-la nec_fw-la homicidium_fw-la tyranvum_fw-la occidere_fw-la suppose_v it_o say_v seneca_n 7._o seneca_n sen._n in_o excerp_v 4._o 7._o no_o adultery_n to_o pollute_v the_o wife_n of_o a_o tyrant_n nor_o murder_n to_o kill_v he_o thus_o julius_n clarus_n 56._o clarus_n in_o sect._n homicid_n n._n 56._o conceive_v that_o a_o woman_n who_o stand_v outlawed_a may_v be_v lie_v withal_o without_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o adulterer_n and_o thus_o do_v some_o of_o the_o jewish_a doctor_n maintain_v the_o like_a error_n concern_v stranger_n 20.10_o stranger_n r._n levi_n ben._n gerson_n in_o levit_fw-la 20.10_o who_o marriage_n they_o reckon_v as_o none_o at_o all_o but_o pompey_n finish_v a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o naval_a war_n which_o he_o make_v against_o pirate_n by_o covenant_v to_o preserve_v their_o life_n and_o to_o assign_v they_o a_o country_n wherein_o they_o may_v live_v without_o rapine_n and_o of_o didius_n we_o read_v that_o he_o be_v condemn_v as_o perfidious_a for_o break_v faith_n with_o the_o celtibrians_n who_o live_v by_o robbery_n caesar_n also_o in_o the_o three_o of_o his_o civil_a war_n write_v of_o a_o composition_n make_v by_o the_o roman_a captain_n with_o the_o tory_n and_o renegado_n who_o lie_v lurk_v in_o the_o pirenaean_a mountain_n now_o who_o can_v say_v that_o such_o a_o composition_n be_v make_v be_v not_o bind_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o such_o agreement_n do_v not_o produce_v so_o friendly_a a_o communion_n as_o that_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v introduce_v between_o enemy_n engage_v in_o a_o solemn_a and_o just_a war_n but_o yet_o be_v man_n it_o may_v induce_v such_o a_o communion_n as_o natural_a right_n afford_v they_o as_o porphyry_n right_o argue_v which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o such_o contract_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v thus_o do_v lucullus_n keep_v his_o faith_n give_v to_o apollonius_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o the_o renegado_n as_o diodorus_n record_v and_o thus_o do_v augustus_n pay_v the_o ransom_n impose_v on_o he_o by_o crocata_fw-la the_o thief_n be_v by_o he_o apprehend_v rather_o than_o he_o will_v satisfy_v his_o word_n as_o dio_n testify_v iii_o this_o objection_n that_o such_o deserve_v punishment_n answer_v but_o let_v we_o now_o see_v what_o more_o probable_a argument_n than_o those_o bring_v by_o cicero_n may_v be_v produce_v the_o first_o whereof_o be_v this_o that_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o wicked_a and_o be_v no_o part_n of_o a_o civil_a society_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v by_o any_o man_n punish_v as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v but_o they_o that_o may_v lawful_o be_v punish_v even_o with_o death_n may_v also_o be_v lawful_o despoil_v of_o their_o good_n and_o dispossess_v of_o their_o other_o right_n as_o the_o same_o cicero_n well_o observe_v 3._o offic._n lib._n 3._o non_fw-la est_fw-la contra_fw-la naturam_fw-la spoliare_fw-la eum_fw-la si_fw-la possis_fw-la quem_fw-la honestum_fw-la est_fw-la necare_fw-la it_o be_v no_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o despoil_v he_o of_o his_o good_n if_o we_o can_v who_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v but_o among_o those_o thing_n wherein_o he_o claim_v a_o right_a even_o those_o which_o accrue_v unto_o he_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o promise_n that_o be_v make_v to_o he_o may_v be_v include_v and_o therefore_o even_o those_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n may_v lawful_o be_v take_v from_o he_o whereunto_o i_o answer_v that_o all_o this_o may_v be_v very_o true_a if_o we_o do_v not_o know_o treat_v with_o he_o as_o such_o but_o in_o case_n we_o treat_v with_o a_o thief_n as_o such_o we_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o we_o be_v content_v to_o remit_v the_o punishment_n due_a as_o to_o that_o offence_n because_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v promise_n be_v always_o to_o be_v take_v in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o that_o
power_n to_o grant_v away_o even_o what_o be_v her_o own_o now_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n may_v be_v so_o clear_a and_o so_o full_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o exception_n lege_fw-la legem_fw-la quae_fw-la te_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la obstrictum_fw-la tenet_fw-la read_v over_o your_o own_o law_n 3._o lib._n 5._o c._n 3._o say_v valerius_n maximus_n to_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n whereunto_o you_o stand_v bind_v by_o your_o oath_n and_o such_o law_n the_o roman_n hold_v as_o sacred_a because_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o keep_v they_o as_o cicero_n testify_v we_o find_v in_o livy_n a_o very_a pertinent_a discourse_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n 3._o orat._n pro_fw-la balbo_n lib._n 3._o though_o of_o itself_o more_o obscure_a where_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a expositor_n of_o the_o law_n he_o assert_n that_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n be_v sacrosanct_a that_o be_v so_o holy_a that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v injure_v without_o 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without_o doubt_n reach_v even_o unto_o such_o enemy_n as_o be_v altogether_o faithless_a such_o as_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v unto_o the_o roman_n who_o notwithstanding_o keep_v their_o faith_n inviolable_o with_o they_o for_o 6._o lib._n 6._o c._n 6._o as_o valerius_n maximus_n well_o observe_v the_o roman_a senate_n regard_v not_o what_o the_o carthaginian_n deserve_v but_o what_o in_o honour_n become_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v the_o testimony_n that_o sallust_n give_v of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o war_n say_v he_o between_o rome_n and_o carthage_n though_o the_o carthaginian_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o during_o their_o truce_n commit_v many_o outrage_n yet_o will_v not_o the_o roman_n upon_o any_o provocation_n permit_v that_o the_o like_a shall_v be_v do_v
polybius_n note_v rather_o carry_v himself_o like_o a_o conqueror_n 16._o lib._n 16._o than_o think_v himself_o one_o 29.40_o lib._n 29.40_o and_o as_o to_o those_o other_o thing_n which_o as_o well_o livy_n in_o several_a place_n as_o the_o author_n before_o recite_v do_v set_v down_o as_o sign_n of_o victory_n as_o the_o take_n of_o the_o spoil_n the_o grant_v leave_n to_o bury_v the_o dead_a and_o the_o offering_n battle_n a_o second_o time_n these_o though_o they_o carry_v some_o show_n of_o victory_n yet_o of_o themselves_o prove_v nothing_o but_o as_o they_o be_v back_v with_o other_o more_o demonstrative_a agument_n of_o the_o enemy_n flight_n plutarch_n concern_v agesilaus_n write_v thus_o have_v give_v the_o enemy_n leave_v to_o bury_v their_o dead_a and_o thereby_o gain_v to_o himself_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v conqueror_n he_o go_v to_o delphos_n so_o the_o same_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o nicias_n prove_v both_o by_o law_n and_o custom_n that_o he_o who_o crave_v leave_v to_o bury_v his_o dead_a seem_v thereby_o to_o disclaim_v the_o victory_n neither_o have_v they_o that_o crave_v this_o leave_n any_o right_n at_o all_o to_o erect_v trophy_n but_o this_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v no_o infallible_a sign_n of_o victory_n and_o yet_o where_o the_o victory_n be_v otherwise_o doubtful_a he_o that_o first_o depart_v the_o field_n may_v more_o probable_o be_v think_v to_o fly_v than_o he_o that_o keep_v it_o but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a sign_n of_o victory_n there_o every_o thing_n be_v to_o remain_v as_o before_o the_o fight_n and_o so_o both_o party_n be_v either_o to_o prosecute_v the_o war_n or_o to_o draw_v to_o a_o new_a agreement_n for_o peace_n xlvi_o war_n sometime_o determine_v by_o arbitration_n concern_v arbiter_n proculus_n inform_v we_o that_o they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n whereof_o the_o one_o he_o make_v so_o authoritative_a that_o whether_o his_o award_n be_v just_a or_o unjust_a it_o must_v be_v obey_v which_o say_v he_o be_v to_o he_o observe_v whensoever_o both_o party_n do_v engage_v themselves_o to_o stand_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o three_o person_n the_o other_o he_o make_v to_o be_v less_o bind_v as_o when_o both_o party_n be_v content_a to_o refer_v their_o case_n to_o be_v moderate_v by_o some_o indifferent_a person_n a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o that_o answer_n of_o celsus_n if_o the_o servant_n be_v make_v free_a shall_v swear_v to_o perform_v such_o service_n as_o his_o patron_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o impose_v upon_o he_o the_o imposition_n of_o the_o patron_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v unless_o what_o he_o impose_v be_v equal_a but_o this_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n though_o haply_o it_o may_v be_v warrant_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o agree_v with_o the_o plain_a and_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n simple_o take_v but_o yet_o this_o be_v very_o true_a that_o the_o word_n arbiter_n may_v be_v take_v in_o both_o sense_n either_o for_o a_o moderator_n only_o such_o as_o the_o athenian_n be_v between_o the_o rhodian_o and_o demetrius_n or_o for_o a_o absolute_a judge_n who_o sentence_n must_v be_v obey_v and_o in_o this_o sense_n we_o here_o take_v it_o as_o also_o we_o do_v elsewhere_o treat_v of_o the_o mean_n how_o to_o prevent_v a_o war._n 22._o lib._n 2._o c._n 22._o and_o yet_o even_o against_o such_o arbiter_n to_o who_o award_n both_o party_n have_v mutual_o promise_v to_o stand_v it_o may_v be_v provide_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v that_o appeal_n shall_v be_v grant_v and_o bill_n of_o complaint_n admit_v but_o this_o can_v be_v between_o king_n or_o between_o nation_n for_o here_o can_v be_v no_o superior_a power_n that_o can_v either_o hinder_v or_o dissolve_v the_o oblige_a power_n of_o the_o promise_n and_o therefore_o whether_o the_o sentence_n be_v right_a or_o wrong_n we_o must_v be_v conclude_v by_o it_o so_o that_o what_o pliny_n sometime_o say_v may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v hither_o hist_o praef._n nat._n hist_o summum_fw-la cuique_fw-la causae_fw-la suae_fw-la judicem_fw-la facit_fw-la quemcunque_fw-la elegit_fw-la every_o man_n make_v he_o to_o who_o he_o refer_v himself_o the_o supreme_a judge_n of_o his_o own_o cause_n this_o also_o we_o must_v add_v that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o discourse_v concern_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o arbiter_n what_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v and_o another_o thing_n to_o treat_v of_o their_o obligation_n that_o be_v content_a to_o refer_v their_o cause_n to_o such_o a_o arbitrement_n for_o as_o though_o there_o be_v a_o law_n among_o the_o city_n of_o italy_n that_o one_o kinsman_n shall_v not_o go_v to_o law_n with_o another_o but_o that_o all_o difference_n shall_v be_v determine_v by_o arbiter_n choose_v on_o purpose_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o law_n there_o be_v some_o case_n wherein_o they_o may_v refuse_v such_o a_o reference_n so_o also_o there_o may_v be_v some_o case_n and_o some_o reason_n why_o prince_n may_v refuse_v to_o put_v their_o difference_n to_o arbitrement_n among_o which_o this_o be_v not_o the_o least_o when_o no_o assurance_n can_v be_v give_v that_o the_o person_n refer_v will_v stand_v to_o the_o award_n quis_fw-la alterutrum_fw-la coget_fw-la nostrum_fw-la qui_fw-la conventis_fw-la stare_n noluerit_fw-la say_v augustus_n to_o mark_n anthony_n who_o shall_v compel_v he_o of_o we_o two_o that_o refuse_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o our_o common_a judge_n or_o arbiter_n private_a man_n may_v be_v compel_v to_o stand_v to_o a_o agreement_n by_o the_o public_a magistrate_n but_o who_o shall_v compel_v prince_n that_o have_v no_o superior_a other_o reason_n also_o there_o may_v be_v 335._o albericus_fw-la gentilis_fw-la see_v pag._n 335._o as_o that_o of_o philip_n king_n of_o spain_n who_o refuse_v the_o pope_n to_o be_v arbitrator_n between_o himself_o and_o other_o competitor_n for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n because_o the_o pope_n claim_v the_o decision_n of_o all_o such_o controversy_n as_o his_o right_n wherefore_o that_o prudent_a king_n be_v unwilling_a to_o add_v his_o own_o example_n to_o some_o ancient_a one_o whereby_o the_o pope_n may_v prove_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o sole_a arbiter_n of_o kingdom_n xlvii_o arbiter_n in_o case_n dubious_a tie_v up_o to_o law_n that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o a_o arbiter_n be_v whether_o he_o be_v choose_v as_o a_o judge_n or_o as_o a_o moderator_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a office_n of_o a_o arbiter_n as_o seneca_n think_v where_o he_o tell_v we_o 7._o we_o lib._n 2._o the_o benef_n c._n 7._o that_o a_o good_a cause_n be_v better_a refer_v to_o a_o judge_n than_o to_o a_o arbiter_n melior_fw-la videtur_fw-la conditio_fw-la bonae_fw-la causae_fw-la si_fw-la ad_fw-la judicem_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la ad_fw-la arbitrum_fw-la mittitur_fw-la because_o a_o judge_n have_v a_o constant_a rule_n to_o walk_v by_o which_o he_o must_v not_o transgress_v whereas_o a_o arbiter_n be_v free_v from_o the_o shackle_n of_o the_o law_n have_v liberty_n to_o judge_v according_a to_o equity_n and_o good_a conscience_n and_o therefore_o can_v either_o add_v or_o detract_v from_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n and_o give_v sentence_n not_o always_o as_o justice_n shall_v exact_v but_o sometime_o as_o pity_v and_o humanity_n shall_v direct_v 19_o rhet._n 1._o c._n 19_o aristotle_n reckon_v it_o as_o a_o duty_n of_o a_o honest_a and_o a_o frugal_a man_n to_o refer_v his_o cause_n to_o a_o indifferent_a arbiter_n rather_o than_o to_o a_o severe_a judge_n arbiter_n id_fw-la quod_fw-la aequum_fw-la est_fw-la respicit_fw-la judex_n legem_fw-la for_o a_o arbiter_n look_v at_o that_o which_o be_v righteous_a but_o a_o judge_n at_o that_o only_a which_o be_v legal_a and_o therefore_o be_v a_o arbiter_n make_v choice_n of_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v rebate_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o law_n or_o otherwise_o supply_v that_o wherein_o the_o law_n be_v defective_a what_o equity_n what_o for_o equity_n in_o this_o place_n do_v not_o signify_v as_o elsewhere_o that_o part_n of_o justice_n that_o expound_v the_o general_a word_n of_o the_o law_n near_o to_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n for_o even_o this_o also_o be_v the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n but_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v better_a do_v than_o not_o do_v although_o it_o be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o justice_n proper_o so_o call_v but_o such_o arbiter_n as_o they_o be_v very_o frequent_a among_o private_a man_n that_o be_v fellow-citizen_n or_o subject_n to_o the_o same_o state_n and_o be_v high_o commend_v especial_o to_o we_o christian_n by_o st_n paul_n 1_o cor._n 6._o so_o in_o such_o case_n as_o be_v ambiguous_a we_o be_v not_o to_o allow_v they_o so_o much_o power_n as_o to_o determine_v of_o they_o for_o in_o these_o we_o be_v to_o
follow_v that_o sense_n that_o have_v the_o least_o of_o doubt_n in_o it_o but_o especial_o when_o the_o dispute_n arise_v between_o two_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o have_v no_o common_a judge_n between_o they_o may_v be_v presume_v to_o restrain_v the_o power_n of_o arbiter_n within_o those_o strict_a rule_n of_o justice_n which_o judge_n be_v usual_o confine_v to_o xlviii_o arbiter_n not_o to_o judge_n of_o possession_n where_o this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o such_o as_o be_v choose_v arbiter_n by_o a_o people_n or_o such_o as_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n over_o they_o aught_o to_o give_v sentence_n on_o the_o principal_a matter_n but_o not_o to_o intermeddle_v with_o possession_n for_o the_o judgement_n of_o these_o belong_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n dominion_n follow_v the_o right_a of_o possession_n and_o therefore_o till_o the_o cause_n be_v try_v no_o innovation_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v as_o well_o to_o avoid_v prejudice_n as_o because_o the_o recovery_n of_o thing_n out_o of_o possession_n be_v difficult_a wherefore_o livy_n in_o his_o book_n of_o plea_n between_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o massinissa_n have_v this_o observation_n legati_fw-la jus_o possessionum_fw-la non_fw-la mutarunt_fw-la ambassador_n do_v never_o alter_v the_o right_n of_o possession_n xlix_o what_o the_o power_n be_v of_o a_o pure_a dedition_n there_o be_v also_o a_o assume_v of_o a_o arbiter_n but_o of_o another_o kind_n when_o a_o man_n yield_v himself_o up_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o very_a enemy_n which_o be_v a_o pure_a and_o absolute_a surrender_n whereby_o he_o make_v himself_o a_o slave_n and_o give_v his_o enemy_n sovereign_a power_n over_o he_o thus_o the_o aetolian_n in_o livy_n be_v demand_v in_o the_o senate_n whether_o they_o will_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o roman_n this_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o l._n cornelius_n lentulus_n 37._o lib._n 37._o as_o it_o be_v record_v by_o appian_n about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n 14._o lib._n 14._o concern_v the_o affair_n of_o carthage_n let_v the_o carthaginian_n say_v he_o submit_v themselves_o to_o our_o censure_n as_o the_o vanquish_a usual_o do_v and_o as_o many_o other_o have_v former_o do_v then_o we_o shall_v see_v how_o thankful_a they_o will_v be_v for_o what_o we_o shall_v give_v they_o neither_o shall_v they_o call_v this_o a_o league_n for_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o league_n and_o this_o be_v great_a for_o if_o we_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o they_o they_o will_v never_o want_v some_o plausible_a excuse_n to_o break_v it_o allege_v that_o they_o have_v be_v first_o injure_v in_o some_o part_n of_o it_o for_o see_v that_o many_o word_n in_o that_o league_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o doubtful_a interpretation_n they_o can_v never_o want_v a_o pretence_n that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o cavil_v but_o when_o we_o shall_v have_v disarm_v they_o as_o prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o our_o slave_n then_o at_o length_n they_o will_v perceive_v that_o they_o have_v nothing_o that_o be_v proper_o their_o own_o and_o then_o they_o will_v despond_v and_o whatsoever_o we_o shall_v afterward_o give_v they_o they_o will_v thankful_o accept_v of_o as_o of_o a_o mere_a gratuity_n but_o here_o also_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o what_o the_o conquer_a aught_o to_o suffer_v what_o the_o conqueror_n by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o conquest_n may_v do_v and_o last_o what_o most_o of_o all_o become_v he_o the_o conquer_a party_n have_v yield_v themselves_o aught_o to_o suffer_v whatsoever_o the_o conqueror_n will_v impose_v upon_o they_o for_o be_v perfect_o enslave_v if_o we_o respect_v that_o right_n of_o war_n that_o be_v external_a they_o have_v nothing_o but_o what_o may_v be_v take_v from_o they_o even_o their_o life_n and_o personal_a liberty_n much_o more_o their_o good_n whether_o they_o be_v those_o that_o be_v public_a or_o those_o that_o belong_v unto_o they_o as_o private_a man_n 37._o lib._n 37._o the_o aetolian_n say_v livy_n have_v yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o will_n of_o their_o enemy_n dread_v nothing_o more_o than_o corporal_a punishment_n 4._o above_o book_n 3_o chap._n 8._o sect._n 4._o and_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v when_o all_o thing_n be_v surrender_v it_o rest_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o conqueror_n what_o he_o will_v take_v away_o and_o wherein_o and_o how_o far_o he_o will_v punish_v the_o conquer_a pertinent_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o livy_n it_o be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o people_n or_o a_o king_n with_o who_o they_o be_v not_o join_v in_o friendship_n either_o by_o league_n or_o by_o equal_a law_n not_o to_o use_v their_o sovereign_a power_n over_o they_o as_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o they_o until_o they_o have_v first_o deliver_v up_o unto_o they_o all_o thing_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a and_o until_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o hostage_n take_v away_o their_o arm_n and_o have_v place_v garrison_n in_o their_o city_n yea_o and_o sometime_o they_o that_o thus_o surrender_v themselves_o may_v be_v kill_v as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 18._o show_v above_o book_n 3_o chap._n 11._o sect._n 18._o l._n the_o duty_n of_o a_o conqueror_n towards_o the_o conquer_a but_o the_o conqueror_n that_o he_o may_v do_v nothing_o unjust_o ought_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o take_v care_n that_o no_o man_n life_n be_v take_v from_o he_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o crime_n that_o deserve_v death_n as_o also_o that_o no_o man_n good_n be_v take_v from_o he_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o a_o just_a punishment_n for_o in_o the_o conqueror_n there_o be_v nothing_o so_o honourable_a nor_o in_o some_o case_n so_o necessary_a as_o in_o this_o manner_n to_o extend_v his_o clemency_n and_o liberality_n to_o the_o conquer_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o may_v stand_v with_o his_o own_o security_n finem_fw-la see_v book_n 3_o chap._n 15._o in_o finem_fw-la when_o cyrus_n have_v subdue_v the_o assyrian_n he_o comfort_v they_o by_o this_o assurance_n that_o their_o condition_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o that_o before_o it_o be_v their_o house_n land_n wife_n and_o child_n they_o shall_v free_o enjoy_v and_o in_o case_n any_o personal_a injury_n be_v offer_v they_o both_o he_o and_o he_o will_v ready_o defend_v they_o admirable_a be_v the_o effect_n of_o those_o war_n that_o be_v conclude_v with_o a_o general_a pardon_n thus_o do_v nicholas_n the_o syracusian_a plead_v in_o diodorus_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o those_o that_o have_v yield_v to_o mercy_n they_o have_v say_v he_o yield_v themselves_o and_o give_v up_o their_o arm_n rely_v whole_o on_o the_o conqueror_n clemency_n quare_fw-la indignum_fw-la foret_fw-la eos_fw-la decipi_fw-la spe_fw-la nostrae_fw-la humanitatis_fw-la wherefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o everlasting_a dishonour_n to_o we_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v deceive_v in_o their_o confidence_n they_o have_v of_o our_o clemency_n and_o a_o little_a after_o who_o among_o all_o the_o grecian_n do_v ever_o inexorable_o condemn_v they_o to_o punishment_n who_o yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o conqueror_n mercy_n appian_n bring_v in_o octavius_n caesar_n thus_o bespeak_v l._n antonius_n when_o he_o come_v to_o surrender_v himself_o if_o the_o end_n of_o thy_o come_n hither_o have_v be_v to_o purchase_v thy_o peace_n only_o thou_o have_v find_v i_o not_o only_o a_o conqueror_n but_o such_o a_o conqueror_n as_o be_v thorough_o incense_v by_o the_o wrong_n thou_o have_v do_v but_o since_o thou_o be_v come_v to_o yield_v thyself_o thy_o friend_n and_o thy_o arm_n to_o our_o discretion_n thou_o have_v appease_v my_o anger_n and_o take_v away_o from_o i_o that_o power_n i_o have_v to_o have_v enforce_v thou_o to_o have_v accept_v of_o what_o condition_n i_o please_v for_o i_o be_o now_o to_o weigh_v not_o so_o much_o what_o thou_o deserve_v to_o suffer_v as_o what_o become_v i_o to_o grant_v wherefore_o i_o shall_v choose_v rather_o to_o consult_v my_o own_o honour_n by_o forgive_a than_o to_o gratify_v my_o passion_n by_o a_o just_a revenge_n we_o do_v often_o meet_v with_o these_o expression_n in_o the_o roman_a story_n namely_o that_o the_o conquer_a do_v yield_v themselves_o sometime_o to_o the_o faith_n sometime_o to_o the_o mercy_n or_o clemency_n of_o the_o conqueror_n as_o in_o livy_n to_o those_o ambassador_n that_o be_v send_v from_o the_o neighbour_n province_n to_o surrender_v their_o city_n to_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o give_v a_o gracious_a audience_n so_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o king_n perseus_n he_o say_v paulus_n earnest_o labour_v that_o he_o may_v be_v permit_v to_o surrender_v both_o himself_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v he_o to_o the_o faith_n and_o clemency_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n whereby_o nothing_o else_o be_v to_o be_v
last_v until_o some_o new_a declaration_n of_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n shall_v rescind_v it_o for_o in_o a_o dubious_a case_n that_o which_o be_v deem_v sufficient_a to_o give_v a_o right_n shall_v be_v presume_v sufficient_a to_o continue_v it_o but_o yet_o not_o if_o he_o that_o grant_v it_o be_v disable_v any_o long_a to_o declare_v his_o pleasure_n as_o in_o case_n he_o be_v dead_a for_o than_o whatsoever_o depend_v bare_o upon_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o his_o will_n shall_v likewise_o cease_v as_o accident_n do_v when_o the_o substance_n fail_v xxii_o a_o pass_n imply_v protection_n a_o safe-pass_a be_v grant_v protection_n be_v due_a even_o beyond_o the_o territory_n of_o he_o that_o grant_v it_o because_o it_o ought_v to_o protect_v we_o against_o all_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n which_o of_o itself_o be_v not_o confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o any_o one_o prince_n dominion_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 4_o bo._n 3._o ch_n 4_o xxiii_o the_o redemption_n of_o prisoner_n the_o redeem_n of_o captive_n be_v very_o much_o favour_v especial_o among_o christian_n it_o be_v a_o especial_a act_n of_o mercy_n commend_v unto_o we_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n redemptio_fw-la magnum_fw-la &_o praeclarum_fw-la justitiae_fw-la munus_fw-la be_v the_o word_n of_o lactantius_n the_o redeem_n of_o prisoner_n be_v a_o great_a and_o singular_a part_n of_o justice_n and_o in_o case_n it_o be_v from_o barbarian_n 28._o matt._n 25.36.39_o de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 2_o c._n 28._o it_o be_v by_o st._n ambrose_n reckon_v as_o the_o best_a and_o great_a liberality_n in_o the_o world_n and_o in_o that_o apology_n he_o make_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o church_n for_o the_o break_n in_o piece_n the_o consecrate_a vessel_n thereby_o to_o redeem_v the_o captive_n he_o affirm_v that_o ornatus_fw-la sacramentorum_fw-la est_fw-la redemptio_fw-la captivorum_fw-la the_o chief_a ornament_n to_o christian_a sacrament_n be_v the_o redeem_n of_o slave_n where_o also_o he_o have_v many_o other_o such_o excellent_a say_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n st._n aug._n follow_v the_o example_n of_o st._n ambrose_n do_v the_o like_a though_o contrary_a to_o the_o carnal_a sense_n of_o some_o who_o therein_o oppose_v he_o as_o possidius_n relate_v the_o very_a same_o be_v record_v by_o hincmarus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o remigius_n and_o adamus_n in_o his_o ecclesiastical_a british_a history_n make_v honourable_a mention_n of_o the_o like_a fact_n do_v by_o rimbertus_n archbishop_n of_o breme_n and_o we_o likewise_o find_v it_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o six_o general_a synod_n who_o decree_n be_v recite_v by_o gratian_n namely_o 2._o causa_fw-la 12._o q._n 2._o that_o no_o bishop_n shall_v presume_v to_o alienate_v any_o of_o the_o consecrate_a vessel_n of_o their_o church_n unless_o for_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v of_o old_a approve_a of_o by_o the_o ancient_a canon_n of_o the_o church_n as_o for_o the_o redeem_n of_o captive_n and_o the_o like_a xxiv_o whether_o the_o redemption_n of_o prisoner_n may_v by_o any_o law_n be_v forbid_v be_v thus_o awe_v by_o so_o great_a authority_n i_o dare_v not_o absolute_o approve_v of_o those_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o redemption_n of_o slave_n without_o a_o distinction_n such_o i_o mean_v as_o we_o may_v read_v of_o among_o the_o roman_n nulli_fw-la civitati_fw-la viliores_fw-la captivi_fw-la quà m_fw-la nostrae_fw-la there_o be_v no_o city_n so_o regardless_o of_o captive_n as_o we_o say_v a_o wise_a roman_a in_o open_a senate_n for_o which_o cause_n rome_n be_v call_v in_o livy_n civitas_n captivis_fw-la minime_fw-la indulgens_fw-la a_o city_n show_v little_a favour_n to_o captive_n that_o ode_n of_o horace_n be_v very_o well_o know_v where_o he_o condemn_v the_o ransome_v of_o prisoner_n as_o a_o opprobrious_a act_n a_o example_n of_o dangerous_a consequence_n and_o be_v a_o execrable_a fact_n encourage_v with_o a_o reward_n but_o what_o aristotle_n blame_v in_o the_o laconian_a be_v also_o usual_o blame_v in_o the_o roman_a government_n namely_o that_o all_o their_o polity_n tend_v only_o to_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o military_a discipline_n as_o if_o in_o this_o alone_o consist_v the_o safety_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n whereas_o if_o we_o will_v but_o due_o consider_v it_o as_o rational_a man_n with_o the_o allowance_n of_o some_o grain_n of_o compassion_n it_o will_v seem_v much_o better_a to_o rebate_v somewhat_o of_o that_o rigour_n which_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n permit_v than_o to_o leave_v so_o many_o of_o perhaps_o our_o kinsman_n and_o countryman_n in_o a_o everlasting_a slavery_n i_o can_v therefore_o conceive_v how_o such_o a_o law_n can_v be_v repute_v just_a unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o such_o a_o severe_a course_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o prevention_n of_o far_o great_a and_o moral_o inevitable_a calamity_n which_o will_v otherwise_o in_o all_o humane_a probability_n fall_v upon_o we_o for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n as_o the_o prisoner_n themselves_o ought_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n patient_o to_o bear_v their_o hard_a fortune_n so_o may_v this_o punishment_n be_v just_o impose_v upon_o they_o and_o threaten_v against_o other_o to_o deter_v they_o from_o the_o like_a cowardice_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o write_v concern_v any_o one_o citizen_n which_o for_o the_o public_a safety_n of_o the_o city_n may_v be_v deliver_v up_o xxv_o that_o a_o man_n may_v transfer_v his_o right_n in_o a_o captive_n true_a it_o be_v that_o to_o make_v slave_n of_o such_o as_o be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n yet_o doubtless_o may_v that_o right_n of_o exact_v a_o ransom_n from_o he_o that_o be_v so_o take_v by_o he_o that_o take_v he_o just_o be_v transfer_v to_o another_o for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thing_n even_o incorporeal_a may_v also_o be_v alienate_v xxvi_o the_o ransom_n may_v be_v due_a to_o more_o than_o to_o one_o and_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o ransom_n may_v be_v due_a to_o several_a person_n as_o in_o case_n a_o prisoner_n be_v discharge_v by_o one_o the_o ransom_n not_o pay_v be_v apprehend_v by_o another_o and_o after_o that_o by_o another_o these_o must_v needs_o be_v distinct_a debt_n because_o they_o arise_v from_o distinct_a cause_n xxvii_o whether_o a_o agreement_n for_o a_o ransom_n be_v null_v his_o estate_n or_o quality_n be_v not_o then_o know_v the_o ransom_n agree_v upon_o shall_v bind_v the_o contractor_n though_o the_o prisoner_n be_v find_v rich_a than_o he_o be_v think_v to_o be_v when_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v because_o by_o that_o right_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v external_a whereby_o we_o be_v in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v judge_v no_o man_n can_v be_v compel_v to_o give_v a_o great_a price_n than_o what_o be_v first_o agree_v on_o although_o undervalue_v if_o there_o be_v no_o fraud_n in_o the_o contract_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v understand_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o agreement_n 26._o agreement_n lib._n 2._o c._n 26._o xxviii_o what_o good_n of_o captive_n be_v he_o that_o take_v they_o from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o captive_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v make_v slave_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o dominion_n that_o we_o have_v over_o their_o person_n do_v not_o give_v we_o a_o universal_a right_n to_o all_o that_o be_v they_o as_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o say_v 4._o say_v lib._n 3._o c._n 7._o §._o 4._o for_o he_o that_o take_v a_o prisoner_n have_v a_o right_a to_o nothing_o but_o what_o he_o particular_o lay_v hold_v on_o so_o that_o if_o the_o prisoner_n can_v conceal_v any_o thing_n he_o have_v from_o he_o he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o get_v it_o because_o he_o be_v not_o thereof_o possess_v thus_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n plead_v against_o brutus_n and_o manlius_n he_o that_o take_v a_o field_n into_o his_o possession_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o treasure_n which_o he_o know_v not_o to_o be_v there_o bury_v for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v say_v to_o possess_v that_o which_o he_o know_v not_o of_o whence_o it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o what_o the_o prisoner_n can_v so_o conceal_v he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o for_o his_o redemption_n xxix_o whether_o the_o ransom_n agree_v on_o be_v chargeable_a upon_o the_o heir_n another_o question_n be_v like_a to_o arise_v namely_o whether_o a_o ransom_n agree_v on_o the_o prisoner_n die_v before_o it_o be_v pay_v may_v be_v recover_v from_o his_o heir_n whereunto_o the_o answer_n be_v easy_a for_o if_o the_o captive_n die_v in_o prison_n doubtless_o the_o ransom_n be_v not_o due_a because_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v upon_o condition_n that_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n but_o he_o that_o be_v dead_a can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v at_o liberty_n but_o on_o the_o
commendable_a wherefore_o they_o that_o blame_v king_n perseus_n for_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v delude_v through_o hope_n of_o peace_n have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o regard_n to_o justice_n and_o fidelity_n 42._o liv._o l._n 42._o as_o to_o the_o generosity_n of_o a_o mind_n emulous_a of_o martial_a glory_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_o collect_v from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v concern_v the_o deceit_n and_o stratagem_n usual_a in_o war._n such_o be_v that_o stratagem_n wherewith_o asdrubal_n preserve_v himself_o and_o his_o army_n out_o of_o the_o ausetane_a forest_n and_o that_o also_o whereby_o scipio_n african_a the_o elder_a 30._o see_v bo._n 3._o c._n 1._o §._o 6._o etc._n etc._n livy_n l._n 26._o lib._n 30._o discover_v the_o situation_n of_o syphax_n his_o camp_n both_o which_o we_o find_v record_v by_o livy_n who_o example_n l._n silvius_n also_o follow_v in_o the_o social_a war_n at_o esernia_n as_o frontinus_n inform_v we_o v._o of_o dumb_a sign_n which_o by_o custom_n be_v significant_a there_o be_v also_o some_o dumb_a sign_n which_o through_o custom_n be_v significant_a as_o testify_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n as_o of_o old_a the_o branch_n of_o olive_n and_o among_o the_o macedonian_n the_o erection_n of_o pike_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o cover_n of_o their_o head_n with_o their_o shield_n these_o be_v then_o the_o usual_a sign_n of_o submission_n and_o rendition_n so_o also_o be_v the_o fold_n of_o the_o hand_n behind_o they_o among_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o turn_n of_o their_o shield_n and_o ensign_n downward_o among_o the_o roman_n 22._o lib._n 18._o lib._n 26._o lib._n 22._o as_o ammianus_n testify_v the_o german_n and_o from_o they_o some_o other_o nation_n express_v their_o submission_n by_o the_o hold_v forth_o of_o herb_n or_o grass_n as_o pliny_n tell_v we_o and_o they_o that_o yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o conqueror_n do_v usual_o cast_v away_o their_o arm_n and_o beg_v mercy_n as_o servius_n note_v upon_o virgil._n but_o he_o that_o will_v signify_v his_o acception_n of_o a_o surrender_n whether_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v quarter_n and_o how_o far_o forth_o we_o may_v inform_v ourselves_o by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v above_o in_o our_o day_n the_o hang_v forth_o of_o a_o white_a flagg_n be_v a_o tacit_a sign_n that_o a_o treaty_n be_v demand_v so_o among_o the_o northern_a nation_n be_v the_o kindle_v of_o a_o fire_n as_o johannes_n magnus_n relate_v 30._o pliny_n l._n 15._o c._n 30._o the_o like_a do_v pliny_n write_v of_o the_o laurel_n all_o which_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o several_a nation_n be_v no_o less_o significant_a and_o consequent_o as_o obligatory_a as_o if_o they_o be_v express_v by_o word_n and_o voice_n vi_o of_o a_o tacit_a approbation_n of_o something_o demand_v a_o sponsion_n make_v by_o a_o general_n how_o far_o forth_o it_o may_v be_v believe_v to_o be_v tacit_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o prince_n or_o people_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v 17._o declare_v bo._n 3._o ch_n 4._o §._o 15._o &_o bo._n 2._o ch_n 15._o §._o 17._o as_o namely_o when_o both_o the_o act_n be_v sufficient_o know_v and_o thereupon_o some_o thing_n do_v or_o not_o do_v whereof_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v but_o what_o proceed_v from_o their_o consent_n to_o that_o promise_n or_o agreement_n vii_o punishment_n when_o tacit_o remit_v we_o can_v conclude_v that_o a_o punishment_n be_v remit_v because_o it_o be_v for_o a_o time_n dissemble_v or_o connive_v at_o but_o some_o other_o act_n must_v necessary_o intervene_v which_o either_o by_o itself_o may_v argue_v either_o a_o perfect_a reconciliation_n as_o when_o a_o league_n of_o friendship_n be_v make_v with_o such_o a_o man_n or_o at_o least_o that_o the_o person_n offend_v have_v so_o great_a a_o opinion_n of_o the_o virtue_n or_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o person_n punishable_a that_o what_o he_o former_o do_v deserve_v to_o be_v pardon_v whether_o this_o opinion_n be_v by_o word_n express_v or_o by_o such_o other_o mean_v as_o be_v usual_o take_v to_o signify_v as_o much_o viii_o whether_o the_o actor_n be_v pardon_v the_o instigator_n be_v also_o acquit_v another_o question_n we_o find_v discuss_v by_o polybius_n namely_o whether_o a_o punishment_n be_v remit_v to_o they_o that_o do_v the_o mischief_n may_v be_v judge_v to_o be_v remit_v to_o they_o that_o command_v it_o to_o be_v do_v which_o i_o conceive_v it_o ought_v not_o for_z singulos_fw-la tenent_fw-la sva_fw-la delicta_fw-la every_o fox_n ought_v to_o pay_v his_o own_o skin_n to_o the_o fleaer_fw-mi and_o every_o offender_n bear_v his_o own_o punishment_n a_o table_n put_v alphabetical_o guide_v to_o the_o principal_a matter_n and_o word_n contain_v in_o the_o treatise_n a._n abraham_n declare_v sarah_n to_o be_v his_o sister_n do_v not_o deny_v she_o to_o be_v his_o wife_n page_n 438_o abraham_n by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o four_o king_n with_o commission_n from_o god_n 13_o 15._o and_o give_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o spoil_n unto_o god_n page_n 468_o abraham_n son_n by_o keturah_n have_v legacy_n no_o land_n page_n 125_o abraham_n assist_v infidel_n in_o a_o social_n war_n page_n 185_o the_o absent_v right_o devolve_v upon_o the_o present_a page_n 114_o the_o absent_a sometime_o partake_v of_o the_o spoil_n page_n 476_o absolution_n and_o dispensation_n from_o oath_n from_o whence_o they_o arise_v 174._o to_o who_o they_o ancient_o belong_v ibid._n abstinence_n from_o spoil_v a_o country_n at_o peace_n page_n 431_o 432_o absurdity_n to_o avoid_v conjectural_a interpretation_n admit_v 197._o or_o other_o improper_a or_o figurative_a page_n 192_o 193_o what_o be_v accept_v in_o full_a of_o a_o debt_n be_v a_o discharge_v page_n 98_o acceptance_n to_o a_o promise_n that_o transfer_v a_o right_n requisite_a 154_o 155._o whether_o it_o be_v necessary_o to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n page_n 155_o acceptance_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o another_o of_o what_o force_n page_n 156_o accusation_n criminal_a by_o none_o but_o person_n authorize_v page_n 374_o acquisition_n by_o war_n peculiar_a to_o a_o solemn_a war_n 480._o natural_o just_a 405._o original_a acquisition_n page_n 88_o acquisition_n improper_o say_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n page_n 134_o to_o action_n two_o thing_n excite_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o end_n and_o the_o facility_n of_o obtain_v it_o page_n 419_o act_n some_o abhor_v by_o humane_a nature_n page_n 6_o act_n contrary_a to_o oath_n sometime_o sinful_a sometime_o void_a page_n 173_o act_n beneficent_a permutatory_n page_n 157_o act_n diremptory_a commutatory_n mix_v page_n 158_o act_n general_o permit_v to_o all_o can_v just_o be_v deny_v to_o any_o without_o some_o cause_n page_n 86_o act_n in_o war_n either_o public_a or_o private_a what_o be_v take_v by_o the_o former_a be_v the_o state_n maintain_v the_o war_n what_o by_o the_o latter_a be_v they_o that_o take_v it_o page_n 472_o in_o such_o act_n of_o a_o king_n as_o private_a man_n do_v the_o civil_a law_n bind_v he_o but_o not_o in_o such_o as_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n page_n 177_o act_n against_o conscience_n unlawful_a page_n 411_o act_n not_o liable_a to_o humane_a law_n page_n 450_o act_n of_o king_n in_o which_o the_o law_n have_v power_n page_n 176_o act_n internal_a of_o the_o mind_n insufficient_a for_o alienation_n page_n 41_o act_n involuntary_a arise_v from_o voluntary_a natural_o account_v as_o voluntary_a page_n 203_o act_n inevitable_a to_o humane_a nature_n not_o subject_a to_o humane_a law_n 374._o nor_o such_o â—s_n be_v not_o direct_o or_o indirect_o destructive_a to_o humane_a society_n page_n 375_o act_n some_o in_o a_o just_a war_n not_o internal_o just_a page_n 498_o act_n of_o prepense_a maâ—â—â—_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v of_o humane_a frailty_n and_o be_v to_o be_v chastise_v of_o inevitable_a misfortune_n be_v to_o be_v pardon_v page_n 500_o actor_n be_v forgive_v whether_o the_o instigator_n be_v acquit_v page_n 370_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 136_o admonition_n concern_v thing_n do_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 494_o adopt_a son_n what_o right_o a_o man_n have_v over_o they_o page_n 115_o adultery_n incest_n etc._n etc._n capital_o punish_v before_o moses_n page_n 16_o adultery_n to_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n betroth_v to_o another_o page_n 196_o of_o adultery_n he_o that_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n and_o he_o that_o marry_v she_o both_o guilty_a by_o the_o gospel_n page_n 106_o in_o adultery_n take_v if_o the_o husband_n kill_v the_o wife_n or_o the_o wife_n her_o husband_n the_o magistrate_n may_v remit_v the_o punishment_n but_o not_o the_o sin_n page_n 374_o a_o adulterer_n and_o a_o adulteress_n to_o what_o oblige_a page_n 202_o aetolian_n soldier_n of_o fortune_n page_n 549_o age_n 30._o year_n 3._o age_n 100_o year_n
demand_v his_o reward_n page_n 458_o bugger_n may_v lawful_o be_v kill_v page_n 72_o burial_n due_a to_o enemy_n 216._o whether_o due_a to_o the_o notorious_o wicked_a 217._o a_o emblem_n of_o the_o resurrection_n 215._o observe_v by_o pismire_n and_o dolphin_n and_o bee_n page_n 214_o 215_o to_o bury_v he_o that_o be_v find_v dead_a the_o highpriest_n command_v though_o not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v present_a at_o a_o funeral_n page_n 216._o burial_n whether_o just_o deny_v to_o self-murtherer_n page_v 218_o burial_n deny_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n page_n 213_o 214_o burial_n its_o right_n whence_o ibid._n a_o bushel_n roman_n how_o much_o of_o we_o page_v 521_o c._n celare_fw-la what_o not_o every_o thing_n hide_v that_o be_v not_o reveal_v page_n 159_o caesar_n in_o his_o war_n destroy_v 1192000_o man_n page_n 421_o caesar_n forewarn_v of_o the_o ides_n of_o march_n page_n 559_o calistratus_n misunderstand_v the_o oracle_n instead_o of_o protection_n at_o athens_n find_v his_o death_n page_n 398_o canaan_n not_o promise_v to_o any_o person_n but_o to_o the_o people_n page_n 168_o canaanites_n capable_a of_o mercy_n if_o they_o yield_v page_n 169_o cannibal_n and_o sacrificer_n of_o mankind_n destroy_v page_n 384_o canon_n ecclesiastical_a of_o what_o use_n preface_n xviii_o the_o twelve_o canon_n of_o nice_a against_o war_n be_v occasion_v by_o licinius_n his_o cruelty_n page_n 28_o 29_o canon_n concern_v the_o waste_n of_o a_o enemy_n country_n page_n 514_o canon_n concern_v slave_n how_o understand_v page_n 483_o 484_o captive_n whether_o they_o may_v be_v at_o any_o time_n kill_v page_n 460_o against_o captive_n redemption_n law_n unjust_a page_n 561_o a_o captive_n promise_v to_o return_v bind_v he_o page_n 567_o captive_n lose_v not_o their_o thing_n if_o not_o find_v and_o take_v 562._o when_o they_o may_v be_v put_v to_o death_n page_n 508_o captive_n and_o thing_n not_o restore_v unless_o so_o agree_v 489._o their_o child_n slave_n page_n 481_o to_o captive_n take_v in_o war_n what_o in_o equity_n may_v be_v do_v page_n 520_o a_o captive_n release_v for_o exchange_n aught_o to_o return_v or_o pay_v his_o ransom_n his_o exchange_n be_v dead_a page_n 562_o a_o captive_a woman_n if_o her_o redeemer_n either_o marry_v she_o or_o prostitute_v her_o body_n her_o ransom_n be_v lose_v page_n 490_o captive_n to_o take_v in_o war_n dough_n far_o lawful_a page_n 519_o captive_n to_o redeem_v vessel_n consecrate_v may_v be_v sell_v page_n 216_o 217_o captive_n whether_o they_o may_v make_v their_o escape_n page_n 523_o a_o captive_n who_o take_v have_v a_o right_a to_o all_o he_o have_v so_o long_o as_o he_o keep_v he_o page_n 489_o a_o captive_n redeem_v to_o serve_v his_o redeemer_n how_o long_a page_n 490_o a_o captive_n may_v owe_v his_o ransom_n to_o divers_a 562._o his_o ransom_n agree_v shall_v bind_v though_o he_o be_v rich_a than_o be_v believe_v ibid._n a_o captive_n be_v a_o perpetual_a hireling_n who_o ransom_n be_v pay_v by_o his_o work_n page_n 519_o captivity_n better_o than_o death_n or_o desolation_n page_n 420_o captive_n in_o a_o solemn_a war_n slave_n though_o they_o never_o act_v hostility_n against_o we_o page_n 483_o captive_n take_v in_o a_o public_a war_n distinguish_v from_o such_o as_o be_v slave_n for_o personal_a crime_n page_n 519_o 520_o captive_n how_o long_o in_o equity_n they_o may_v be_v detain_v page_n 519_o a_o captive_n allowance_n among_o the_o roman_n how_o much_o it_o contain_v of_o we_o page_v 521_o captive_n not_o exempt_v from_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 460._o yet_o to_o be_v spare_v page_n 506_o 507_o captive_n redeem_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o soldier_n not_o take_v but_o receive_v page_n 491_o captivity_n arise_v from_o a_o unjust_a war_n unjust_a page_n 495_o captivity_n into_o what_o now_o change_v page_n 484_o see_v slaves_n capua_n dissolve_v page_n 142_o carneades_n hold_v all_o lawful_a that_o be_v profitable_a confute_v pref._n three_o seven_o his_o argument_n against_o justice_n answer_v ibid._n carthage_n to_o be_v free_a how_o understand_v 194._o the_o captive_a promise_a to_o return_v and_o fail_v send_v back_o by_o the_o roman_n page_n 167_o the_o cauchi_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n well_o discipline_v yet_o always_o at_o peace_n page_n 406_o cavil_n concern_v interpretation_n of_o article_n page_n 191_o 194_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war_n defence_n recovery_n punishment_n page_n 70_o 71_o without_o cause_n to_o make_v war_n not_o cruelty_n but_o madness_n page_n 405_o cause_n may_v be_v good_a but_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o prosecution_n unlawful_a page_n 401_o cause_n of_o a_o war_n unjust_a page_n 404_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war_n three_o page_n 70_o cause_n and_o pretence_n distinguish_v page_n 404_o caution_n to_o limit_v the_o law_n of_o necessity_n page_n 82_o certainty_n there_o can_v be_v the_o same_o in_o moral_n as_o in_o mathematics_n page_n 410_o change_n of_o counsel_n be_v not_o evil_a if_o not_o from_o better_a to_o worse_o page_v 151_o to_o change_n a_o man_n will_n be_v natural_a ibid._n change_v of_o seat_n no_o loss_n of_o empire_n 142._o no_o more_o be_v the_o change_n of_o government_n page_n 143_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n may_v be_v require_v from_o the_o author_n of_o it_o page_n 518_o charity_n sometime_o forbid_v what_o law_n permit_v 434._o its_o rule_n extend_v far_o than_o those_o of_o justice_n page_n 518_o charity_n mitigate_v punishment_n unless_o hinder_v by_o a_o great_a charity_n page_n 381_o charity_n shall_v be_v extend_v by_o christian_n as_o christ_n extend_v his_o grace_n to_o all_o man_n page_v 186_o child_n bear_v of_o captive_n how_o far_o slave_n 523._o not_o to_o be_v punish_v for_o their_o parent_n 401._o in_o this_o case_n god_n no_o precedent_n for_o we_o and_o why_o 399_o 400_o 402._o how_o long_o they_o owe_v obedience_n to_o parent_n 104._o grow_v to_o discretion_n have_v a_o moral_a power_n over_o their_o own_o action_n and_o how_o ibid._n even_o of_o traitor_n spare_v by_o good_a prince_n 402_o 403._o to_o succeed_v their_o parent_n die_v intestate_a 123._o to_o nourish_v their_o parent_n like_o the_o stork_n ibld._n the_o child_n to_o follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o not_o natural_a 133._o why_o threaten_v to_o be_v visit_v for_o their_o parent_n page_n 402_o choice_n of_o the_o empire_n not_o in_o the_o citizen_n of_o constantinople_n but_o of_o rome_n page_n 144_o christ_n action_n not_o all_o imitable_a by_o we_o page_n 34_o christ_n not_o moses_n interpreter_n only_a page_n 16_o 17_o christian_n whether_o they_o may_v join_v with_o infidel_n in_o a_o social_n war_n page_n 185_o christian_a religion_n inoffensive_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o heathen_n 390._o be_v ground_v on_o matter_n of_o fact_n none_o to_o be_v thereunto_o compel_v page_n 389_o 390_o christian_n to_o persecute_v as_o such_o a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n 390._o not_o to_o be_v impress_v to_o serve_v in_o war_n against_o their_o will_n 431._o shall_v confederate_a against_o the_o enemy_n of_o christ_n 186_o 187._o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n in_o reference_n to_o god_n 171._o not_o to_o fight_v against_o christian_n under_o heathen_n 29_o 30._o make_v not_o christian_n slave_n nor_o turk_n turk_n 414._o to_o inflict_v capital_a punishment_n how_o not_o safe_a for_o they_o 373._o shall_v not_o resist_v persecute_v emperor_n 57_o 58._o ought_v to_o assist_v christian_n persecute_v for_o religion_n 186_o 187._o whether_o they_o may_v enrich_v themselves_o by_o the_o spoil_n of_o enemy_n 535._o whether_o they_o may_v resist_v in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n page_n 60_o 61_o christian_n even_o unarm_v make_v war_n page_n 431_o church_n and_o thing_n consecrate_v to_o be_v spare_v page_n 414_o 515_o 516_o circumcision_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v 9_o why_o stranger_n be_v circumcise_v ibid._n not_o necessary_a to_o salvation_n the_o jew_n confess_v ibid._n a_o city_n what_o 8._o in_o what_o sense_n say_v to_o be_v free_a 407._o their_o right_a over_o their_o citizen_n page_n 114_o a_o city_n have_v no_o power_n over_o her_o banish_a 115._o revolt_a to_o receive_v be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o friendship_n page_n 510_o city_n and_o river_n immortal_a 141._o be_v by_o war_n conquer_v whether_o it_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o city_n page_n 485_o a_o citizen_n not_o to_o depart_v till_o his_o part_n of_o the_o public_a debt_n be_v pay_v 115._o nor_o in_o a_o siege_n till_o he_o have_v substitute_v another_o ibid._n be_v deliver_v up_o but_o not_o receive_v may_v return_v and_o remain_v a_o citizen_n 396._o whether_o they_o may_v forsake_v their_o city_n page_n 115_o a_o citizen_n though_o innocent_a whether_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o deliver_v himself_o up_o to_o preserve_v his_o city_n page_n 423_o 424_o city_n not_o to_o be_v punish_v if_o the_o criminal_a appear_v in_o judgement_n 396._o
of_o they_o 201._o give_v by_o do_v or_o not_o do_v ibid._n direct_o or_o by_o consequence_n page_n 400_o damage_n do_v by_o another_o and_o the_o obligation_n thence_o 200._o do_v to_o our_o honour_n and_o fame_n how_o repair_v 204._o who_o occasion_n bind_v to_o reparation_n 200._o if_o do_v in_o war_n no_o action_n arise_v 547._o in_o war_n remit_v peace_n be_v agree_v page_n 546_o 547_o danger_n to_o prevent_v by_o treachery_n poison_n etc._n etc._n whether_o it_o justify_v the_o kill_n of_o any_o man_n 72._o to_o prevent_v we_o be_v sometime_o enforce_v on_o sin_n 378._o in_o thing_n equal_o doubtful_a choose_v that_o which_o have_v least_o danger_n page_n 412_o david_n how_o far_o forth_o he_o resist_v saul_n page_n 60_o debt_n not_o strict_o due_a not_o to_o be_v recover_v by_o war_n page_n 409_o debt_n due_a to_o the_o conquer_a may_v be_v remit_v by_o the_o conqueror_n page_n 410_o 411_o for_o debt_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o subject_n good_n liable_a 446._o upon_o breach_n of_o faith_n not_o to_o be_v sue_v for_o 211_o 212._o of_o one_o private_a man_n anoh_o ers_a good_n not_o oblige_a page_n 446_o debt_n of_o mercy_n liberality_n and_o gratitude_n not_o recoverable_a by_o law_n page_n 151_o decalogue_n the_o four_o first_o precept_n explain_v page_n 387_o etc._n etc._n deceit_n sometime_o take_v in_o a_o good_a sense_n 437_o 438._o dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la take_v for_o that_o which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o natural_a right_a page_n 147_o a_o deceitful_a contract_n to_o what_o restitution_n bind_v page_n 203_o dedition_n conditional_a and_o its_o effect_n 183._o pure_a how_o far_o it_o extend_v 553._o what_o in_o equity_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o they_o 553_o 554_o see_v surrender_n defensive_a act_n break_v not_o the_o peace_n page_n 548_o defence_n we_o owe_v to_o the_o innocent_a and_o when_o page_n 424_o defendant_n in_o a_o just_a cause_n gather_v courage_n from_o a_o good_a conscience_n page_n 76_o defence_n in_o a_o public_a war_n ibid._n of_o our_o limb_n whether_o it_o justify_v the_o kill_n of_o any_o man_n or_o of_o chastity_n page_n 72_o he_o who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o defend_v other_o ought_v not_o rash_o to_o run_v himself_o into_o danger_n page_n 73_o defensive_a war_n lawful_a yet_o against_o the_o aggressor_n only_o and_o where_o the_o danger_n be_v certain_a and_o not_o opinionative_n only_a page_n 71_o 76_o defence_n in_o those_o who_o have_v give_v just_a cause_n of_o war_n unlawful_a unless_o ample_a satisfaction_n be_v first_o tender_v page_n 77_o in_o defence_n of_o our_o good_n to_o kill_v a_o man_n natural_o lawful_a page_n 74_o delay_n in_o perform_v article_n of_o agreement_n when_o only_o to_o be_v admit_v page_n 548_o delivery_n not_o necessary_a to_o transfer_v dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 140_o degree_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v belove_v page_n 23_o demosthenes_n apologue_n of_o wolf_n and_o sheep_n page_n 423_o the_o denial_n of_o just_a thing_n justify_v the_o take_n of_o they_o page_n 86_o war_n be_v sufficient_o denounce_v though_o at_o the_o next_o garrison_n page_n 454_o denunciation_n its_o form_n 453._o conditional_a require_v either_o restitution_n reparation_n or_o punishment_n 453._o to_o be_v make_v by_o he_o that_o require_v satisfaction_n page_n 453_o 454_o before_o denunciation_n to_o make_v war_n unjust_a 452._o why_o necessary_a to_o a_o solemn_a war_n 454._o absolute_a when_o necessary_a 453._o whether_o necessary_a the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n violate_a page_n 455_o war_n denounce_v against_o a_o prince_n be_v so_o against_o his_o subject_n and_o adherent_n page_v 454_o war_n without_o denunciation_n in_o what_o case_n lawful_a page_n 452_o in_o denounce_v of_o war_n what_o nature_n strict_o require_v not_o may_v be_v honest_o and_o laudable_o do_v ibid._n deposit_v thing_n after_o confiscation_n must_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o exchequer_n not_o to_o the_o owner_n page_n 147_o the_o difference_n between_o thing_n deposit_v lend_v and_o pawn_v and_o of_o their_o obligation_n page_n 160_o 161_o dereliction_n when_o presume_v 98._o of_o empire_n example_n page_n 100_o to_o destroy_v thing_n profitable_a to_o we_o and_o unprofitable_a to_o the_o enemy_n folly_n 511._o multitude_n without_o distinction_n inhuman_a page_n 434_o desert_n place_n and_o land_n untilled_a give_v to_o stranger_n page_n 85_o thing_n clear_o deserted_n be_v the_o next_o occupants_n page_n 95_o despair_n make_v enemy_n invincible_a page_n 516_o not_o the_o bare_a detention_n but_o the_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o that_o which_o be_v another_o make_v it_o we_o page_v 122_o the_o detention_n of_o thing_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n bind_v to_o restitution_n page_n 496_o devil_n who_o worship_n or_o man_n vice_n or_o that_o offer_v humane_a sacrifice_n to_o be_v persecute_v by_o all_o page_n 389_o dictator_n of_o rome_n have_v for_o a_o time_n kingly_a power_n page_n 40_o 42_o difference_n between_o prince_n how_o compose_a page_n 412_o 413_o diffidare_fw-la what_o page_n 454_o disability_n in_o a_o prince_n supply_v by_o a_o viceroy_n page_n 145_o discipline_n loose_a no_o distinction_n between_o friend_n and_o foe_n 533._o make_v soldier_n seem_v senator_n 531_o 532._o military_a the_o end_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o spartan_a law_n page_n 524_o discovery_n of_o place_n preoccupyed_n no_o cause_n of_o war_n page_n 406_o dispensation_n from_o penal_a law_n lawful_a 377._o distinguish_v from_o equity_n ibid._n to_o dispense_v with_o oath_n once_o in_o prince_n now_o in_o ecclesiastic_n page_v 174_o dissimulation_n whether_o lawful_a 438._o where_o truth_n be_v our_o guide_n and_o profit_v its_o companion_n folly_n page_n 404_o divorce_v permit_v in_o most_o nation_n page_n 106_o the_o divorce_v may_v marry_v after_o a_o set_a time_n to_o any_o save_v to_o he_o that_o pâ—t_v she_o away_o page_n 105_o dominion_n natural_o and_o by_o another_o gain_v 472._o of_o infant_n and_o madman_n 89._o conditional_a 97_o 98._o distinguish_v from_o its_o exercise_n 52._o external_a 470._o without_o internal_a 482_o 483._o over_o beast_n page_n 401_o in_o doubtful_a case_n what_o to_o do_v page_n 412_o servant_n in_o doubt_n that_o the_o war_n be_v just_a what_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v page_n 429_o doubt_n whence_o in_o moral_n they_o arise_v 410_o where_o we_o doubt_v of_o we_o shall_v forbear_v page_n 411_o drown_v land_n to_o drain_v a_o time_n prefix_v 137_o lost_n if_o not_o drain_v or_o otherwise_o claim_v in_o ten_o year_n ibid._n due_o take_v in_o a_o twofold_a sense_n page_n 376_o duel_v page_n 368_o duellum_fw-la page_n 2_o duel_n in_o two_o case_n lawful_a page_n 76_o duel_n and_o combat_v to_o be_v avoid_v page_n 510_o dumb_a sign_n sometime_o by_o custom_n significant_a page_n 570_o e_z earth_n to_o earth_n 214._o judea_n call_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o earth_n 407._o all_o add_v to_o earth_n yet_o must_v be_v restrain_v to_o the_o country_n speak_v of_o ibid._n education_n if_o bad_a corrupt_v the_o natural_a constitution_n page_n 385_o education_n of_o king_n ptolomie_n son_n page_n 44_o ehud_n fact_n what_o page_n 66_o ambassador_n sacred_a in_o all_o nation_n page_n 206_o ambassador_n resident_a a_o upstart_n custom_n 207_o 208._o they_o have_v no_o privilege_n till_o admit_v 210._o nor_o in_o another_o territory_n without_o licence_n ibid._n a_o twofold_a right_o due_a to_o they_o admittance_n and_o indemnity_n 206._o in_o what_o case_n inviolable_a in_o what_o case_n not_o 208_o 209._o not_o admit_v for_o three_o cause_n 206._o their_o good_n secure_v against_o creditor_n 211._o their_o companion_n and_o attendant_n how_o far_o protect_a page_n 211_o 212_o ambassador_n if_o admit_v secure_v even_o among_o enemy_n 210._o not_o liable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n ibid._n move_v sedition_n may_v be_v send_v away_o 208._o perform_v the_o office_n blameless_a 200._o in_o what_o case_n they_o may_v be_v apprehend_v and_o kill_v 208_o 209._o not_o admit_v from_o traitor_n pirate_n page_v 206_o 207_o empire_n some_o patrimonial_a and_o alienable_a 42._o how_o divide_v into_o part_n 46._o each_o part_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v war_n 63_o 64._o it_o may_v be_v gain_v to_o the_o king_n or_o people_n by_o long_a possession_n or_o prescription_n page_n 100_o 101._o empire_n of_o rome_n distinct_a from_o the_o french_a and_o lumbards_n 143_o 144._o whether_o universal_a page_n 407_o empire_n of_o rome_n and_o germany_n whence_o they_o derive_v their_o right_a page_n 143_o 144_o empire_n relate_v to_o person_n and_o territory_n 118._o alienable_a with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n ibid._n if_o great_a hardly_o keep_v 526._o how_o far_o acquire_v by_o internal_a justice_n 524._o as_o in_o a_o king_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o war_n 485._o how_o firm_o alienate_v for_o peace_n page_n 544_o 545_o empire_n and_o dominion_n how_o they_o differ_v 88_o 89_o under_o one_o firm_a than_o divide_v 128._o by_o a_o
practice_n have_v over_o we_o to_o commend_v or_o discommend_v any_o thing_n to_o humane_a sense_n page_n 111_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o saint_n the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o christ_n precept_n page_v 25_o the_o six_o precept_n write_v to_o adam_n and_o noah_n page_n 110_o precept_n of_o christ_n for_o nonresistance_n in_o what_o sense_n page_n 33_o precept_n of_o the_o gospel_n whether_o contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 16_o precept_n of_o the_o second_o table_n their_o order_n page_n 379_o prediction_n divine_a whether_o they_o confer_v a_o right_a page_n 411_o prayer_n and_o tear_n the_o best_a remedy_n against_o the_o tyranny_n of_o king_n page_n 47_o prey_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o greek_n roman_n french_a concern_v they_o 473_o 474._o sometime_o give_v to_o the_o soldier_n and_o why_o 475._o sometime_o to_o several_a use_n 477._o when_o this_o custom_n among_o the_o roman_n begin_v 479._o it_o may_v be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n 478_o sometime_o to_o subject_n and_o associate_n ibid._n the_o ten_o consecrate_v to_o god_n 468._o approve_a of_o by_o god_n page_n 468_o 469_o to_o prey_n upon_o stranger_n ancient_o lawful_a page_n 182_o after_o prey_n to_o hunt_v before_o the_o victory_n be_v assure_v dangerous_a page_n 479_o present_v government_n to_o obey_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o good_a subject_a page_n 99_o preparation_n extraordinary_a for_o war_n a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n page_n 383_o price_n of_o thing_n whence_o page_n 204_o by_o prescription_n title_n to_o empire_n may_v be_v get_v or_o lose_v 100_o 101._o yet_o not_o without_o some_o presumption_n of_o dereliction_n page_n 101_o prescription_n enforce_v by_o open_a hostility_n not_o good_a page_n 492_o by_o prescription_n may_v be_v lose_v what_o be_v separable_a from_o sovereignty_n 101._o whether_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o it_o ibid._n presumption_n sometime_o authoritative_a page_n 442_o priest_n not_o to_o be_v embroil_v in_o war_n 29._o exempt_v by_o the_o heathen_n 431._o to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n 505._o not_o to_o marry_v a_o woman_n divorce_v a_o widow_n or_o a_o whâ—re_a page_n 105_o prince_n to_o abstain_v from_o war_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o subject_n 418._o to_o regard_v their_o honour_n more_o than_o their_o power_n or_o profit_n ibid._n their_o life_n to_o be_v favourable_o censure_v 56._o not_o to_o be_v obey_v in_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n 427._o their_o vice_n to_o be_v bear_v with_o patience_n 56._o may_v alienate_v the_o people_n money_n for_o the_o public_a good_n yet_o satisfaction_n must_v be_v give_v 179_o 180._o better_a to_o forego_v somewhat_o of_o their_o right_n than_o harrass_n their_o country_n with_o intestine_a war_n page_n 99_o one_o prince_n may_v hold_v of_o another_o in_o fee_n and_o yet_o remain_v free_a and_o have_v supreme_a power_n page_n 66_o the_o prince_n elector_n consent_n include_v all_o the_o state_n in_o germany_n in_o any_o alienation_n page_n 119_o the_o prince_n of_o a_o free_a people_n may_v by_o force_n be_v restrain_v page_n 63_o a_o prince_n new_o make_v retain_v the_o same_o place_n which_o the_o people_n former_o do_v page_n 143_o principle_n of_o nature_n some_o by_o themselves_o manifest_a other_o by_o deduction_n page_n 385_o prisoner_n may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o a_o society_n 447._o release_v upon_o their_o promise_n to_o return_v whether_o they_o may_v be_v compel_v to_o do_v so_o page_n 567_o 568_o prisoner_n they_o be_v when_o carry_v into_o the_o enemy_n garrison_n 470._o take_v by_o thief_n no_o slave_n page_n 451_o a_o prisoner_n release_v to_o release_v another_o he_o be_v dead_a be_v bind_v to_o pay_v his_o own_o ransom_n but_o not_o to_o return_v page_n 562_o a_o private_a man_n oblige_v himself_o to_o a_o enemy_n whether_o he_o do_v it_o against_o the_o commonwealth_n 566_o 567._o shall_v not_o attempt_v to_o judge_v what_o be_v the_o people_n page_n 66_o of_o private_a man_n kill_v their_o enemy_n example_n page_v 167_o 168_o etc._n etc._n whether_o for_o private_a christian_n to_o kill_v malefactor_n be_v lawful_a page_n 373_o a_o private_a man_n how_o far_o what_o he_o take_v he_o may_v make_v his_o own_o page_n 434_o 435_o private_a agreement_n with_o enemy_n when_o void_a and_o when_o oblige_a page_n 566_o 567_o a_o private_a cause_n in_o war_n may_v be_v join_v with_o a_o public_a page_n 66_o private_a man_n not_o engage_v natural_o for_o public_a debt_n far_o than_o proportion_n page_n 446_o private_a profit_n shall_v give_v place_n to_o public_a pref._n viij_o private_a man_n must_v be_v careful_a of_o themselves_o but_o prince_n of_o other_o page_n 495_o privilege_n how_o interpret_v 207_o 208._o which_o to_o be_v large_o interpret_v page_n 560_o prize_n see_v reprizal_n procreation_n beget_v a_o community_n in_o thing_n procreate_v page_n 138_o 139_o prodigal_a gift_n may_v be_v receive_v 154._o but_o when_o give_v by_o prince_n to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o may_v be_v revoke_v page_n 180_o profit_n to_o procure_v to_o another_o to_o spend_v somewhat_o of_o his_o no_o theft_n page_n 442_o profit_n common_a the_o ground_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n pref._n seven_o unnecessary_a no_o ground_n of_o war_n page_n 406_o prohibition_n do_v not_o always_o null_a the_o thing_n be_v do_v that_o be_v prohibit_v page_n 112_o promise_n all_o do_v not_o derogate_v from_o sovereign_a power_n 45._o to_o be_v bind_v they_o must_v be_v accept_v 155._o whether_o the_o acceptance_n shall_v be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n ibid._n promise_n natural_o debt_n 154._o make_v by_o another_o bind_v ibid._n when_o such_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v revoke_v page_n 155_o a_o promise_v make_v whether_o revocable_a before_o accept_v or_o the_o person_n to_o who_o die_v before_o accept_v ibid._n a_o promise_n in_o itself_o invalid_a how_o it_o may_v be_v make_v good_a whether_o it_o may_v be_v revoke_v be_v by_o another_o accept_v 56._o make_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o how_o far_o oblige_v ibid._n not_o to_o admit_v of_o this_o restriction_n thing_n remain_v as_o they_o be_v unless_o in_o one_o case_n 197._o make_v by_o oath_n bind_v not_o in_o two_o case_n 173._o some_o favourable_a some_o odious_a some_o mix_a page_n 192._o promise_v that_o more_o damnify_v the_o promiser_n than_o benefit_n the_o promise_a not_o to_o be_v perform_v when_o only_o true_a page_n 198_o in_o promise_v some_o case_n excuse_v the_o non-performance_n page_n 199_o promise_n to_o be_v understand_v as_o the_o word_n then_o signify_v if_o no_o other_o conjecture_n hinder_v page_n 191_o the_o promise_n of_o a_o king_n make_v to_o a_o three_o person_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o subject_n bind_v page_n 540_o promise_n natural_o may_v transfer_v a_o right_n 150._o make_v through_o error_n or_o misbelief_n not_o bind_v 566._o how_o far_o natural_o page_v 152_o a_o promise_n make_v not_o to_o sail_v or_o go_v to_o such_o a_o place_n not_o to_o take_v arm_n not_o to_o make_v a_o escape_n bind_v page_n 567_o promise_n confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n inviolable_a page_n 539._o the_o force_n of_o a_o promise_n page_n 150_o to_o a_o promise_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n be_v require_v in_o the_o promiser_n page_n 152_o a_o bare_a promise_n will_v bear_v no_o action_n ibid._n a_o promise_v call_v by_o the_o hebrew_n a_o bond_n and_o why_o ibid._n if_o rash_o make_v bind_v not_o ibid._n seldom_o make_v but_o to_o loss_n ibid._n promise_n transfer_v a_o right_o require_v some_o outward_a sign_n page_n 153_o a_o promise_v make_v out_o of_o fear_n how_o far_o natural_o oblige_v 154._o bind_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a ibid._n to_o a_o promise_n when_o a_o charge_n may_v be_v add_v page_n 156_o a_o promise_v make_v for_o some_o cause_n vicious_a oblige_v 154._o charge_v with_o somewhat_o beneficial_a to_o another_o how_o effectual_a page_n 156_o promise_n natural_o good_a sometime_o null_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n page_n 154_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o act_n of_o mercy_n gratitude_n etc._n etc._n oblige_v to_o ourselves_o but_o can_v be_v exact_v by_o law_n page_n 151_o prophecy_n none_n not_o yet_o fulfil_v can_v be_v understand_v but_o by_o the_o spirit_n of_o prophecy_n 409._o that_o of_o esay_n about_o the_o peaceableness_n of_o christ_n kingdom_n how_o understand_v page_n 20_o prophecy_n in_o expound_v caution_n to_o prince_n 409._o the_o pretence_n of_o fulfil_v they_o no_o cause_n of_o war_n ibid._n proportion_n arithmetical_a and_o geometrical_a whether_o proper_o they_o distinguish_v between_o justice_n expletive_a and_o attributive_a page_n 396_o propriety_n its_o beginning_n and_o growth_n 78_o 80_o it_o come_v in_o 1._o by_o partition_n 2._o by_o occupancy_n 80._o it_o may_v be_v hold_v by_o infant_n idiot_n and_o madman_n page_v 89_o prosperous_a success_n in_o war_n
whether_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n justifiable_a page_n 437_o 438_o protectorship_n in_o the_o minority_n or_o disability_n of_o king_n to_o who_o page_n 44_o protection_n take_v not_o away_o civil_a liberty_n 49._o it_o do_v not_o always_o argue_v subjection_n 50._o due_a to_o the_o oppress_a but_o not_o to_o wilful_a malefactor_n page_n 496_o provocation_n to_o sin_n wbence_n 379._o cause_n of_o restrain_v ibid._n prudenceâ—onversant_a â—onversant_z about_o thing_n indifferent_a call_v the_o tree_n of_o knowledge_n of_o good_a and_o evil_n 79._o a_o virtue_n proper_a to_o prince_n justice_n to_o man_n as_o man_n page_v 418_o 419_o 430_o prudential_n rule_n guide_v we_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o thing_n good_a page_n 430_o pupil_n not_o bind_v to_o pay_v debt_n unless_o they_o gain_v by_o what_o they_o borrow_v page_n 147_o public_a good_a prefer_v before_o private_a page_n 56_o public_a remonstrance_n forbid_v the_o importation_n of_o good_n before_o they_o can_v be_v make_v prize_n page_n 436_o 437_o public_a profit_n prefer_v before_o honesty_n confute_v pref._n x_o public_a safety_n consist_v in_o well_o command_v and_o well_o obey_v page_n 57_o public_a thing_n distinguish_v from_o thing_n common_a page_n 89_o punishment_n of_o king_n what_o page_n 41_o punishment_n what_o 362._o the_o cure_n of_o wickedness_n ibid._n proportionable_a to_o the_o crime_n ibid._n sometime_o public_a when_o the_o sin_n be_v secret_a ibid._n how_o say_v to_o be_v due_a page_n 363_o to_o punish_v all_o sin_n equal_o unjust_a page_n 362_o punishment_n to_o what_o end_n ordain_v 363_o 365_o all_o refer_v to_o the_o time_n to_o come_v 364._o not_o as_o sweet_a to_o the_o punisher_n but_o profitable_a to_o the_o punish_v ibid._n god_n punish_v sometime_o to_o show_v his_o power_n and_o mere_o for_o revenge_v ibid._n to_o punish_v the_o incorrigible_a with_o death_n better_a than_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o live_v page_n 366_o to_o punish_v any_o man_n have_v a_o right_a natural_o that_o be_v himself_o innocent_a page_n 367_o by_o punishment_n what_o benefit_n accrue_v page_n 368_o of_o punishment_n exemplary_a ibid._n all_o punishment_n not_o remit_v to_o the_o penitent_a objection_n answer_v first_o from_o god_n mercy_n page_n 372_o punishment_n not_o all_o capital_a 376._o not_o necessary_a when_o the_o end_n may_v be_v attain_v without_o it_o ibid._n may_v be_v remit_v both_o before_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a page_n 376_o 377_o of_o punishment_n some_o may_v be_v remit_v some_o severe_o exact_v some_o may_v be_v either_o page_n 376_o from_o punishment_n some_o cause_n exempt_a offender_n page_n 377_o punishment_n shall_v be_v proportion_v to_o merit_v 378._o do_v not_o always_o argue_v civil_a jurisdiction_n 385._o vary_v according_a to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o offender_n to_o judge_v between_o good_a and_o evil_a page_n 380_o 381_o beast_n proper_o not_o punishable_a page_n 401_o punishment_n by_o bare_a counter-passion_n reject_v page_n 381_o in_o punish_a regard_n to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n punish_v ibid._n no_o acceptation_n of_o person_n ibid._n the_o punishment_n of_o cattle_n steal_v out_o of_o the_o field_n or_o out_o of_o the_o house_n ibid._n punishment_n ought_v to_o be_v mild_a than_o the_o law_n 382._o exemplary_a upon_o such_o only_a as_o be_v incorrigible_a ibid._n of_o punishment_n a_o man_n may_v partake_v by_o reception_n of_o malefactor_n 395._o and_o how_o otherwise_o page_n 393_o punishment_n of_o individual_n be_v death_n of_o city_n desolation_n 399._o communicate_v between_o body_n politic_a and_o its_o member_n how_o far_a ibid._n how_o a_o man_n may_v be_v involve_v in_o the_o punishment_n that_o be_v not_o partaker_n of_o the_o crime_n with_o some_o caution_n page_n 400_o for_o what_o the_o major_a part_n decree_n the_o minor_a dissent_v be_v not_o punishable_a page_n 399_o none_n punish_v proper_o for_o the_o sin_n of_o another_o page_n 401_o punishment_n for_o public_a injury_n may_v be_v exact_v at_o any_o time_n during_o the_o offender_n life_n 400._o may_v be_v remit_v or_o mitigate_v for_o some_o precede_a merit_n page_n 417_o punishment_n better_o remit_v than_o exact_v by_o war_n especial_o by_o injure_a king_n page_n 416_o 417_o when_o punishment_n be_v tacit_o remit_v page_n 570_o in_o punishment_n the_o measure_n whence_o collect_v page_n 379_o in_o punishment_n retrospection_n to_o be_v have_v to_o our_o former_a life_n ibid._n punishment_n once_o due_a may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v exact_v page_n 399_o all_o punishment_n if_o great_a have_v somewhat_o of_o justice_n in_o they_o but_o somewhat_o also_o that_o be_v repugnant_a to_o charity_n page_n 376_o the_o purpose_n and_o intention_n only_o sometime_o punish_v page_n 383_o q._n qualification_n natural_a transfer_v no_o right_a page_n 368_o a_o question_n put_v if_o in_o the_o whole_a it_o can_v be_v assent_v unto_o it_o must_v be_v discuss_v in_o part_n page_n 114_o the_o quarrel_n be_v begin_v by_o he_o that_o provoke_v it_o page_n 499_o r._n rabirius_n perfidious_o deal_v with_o by_o marius_n page_n 565_o ransom_n agree_v bind_v though_o the_o prisoner_n be_v of_o better_a quality_n than_o be_v suppose_v page_n 562_o the_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n vary_v page_n 523_o redemption_n of_o captive_n much_o favour_v among_o christian_n 561._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_o forbid_a page_n 562_o ransom_n whether_o chargeable_a upon_o the_o heir_n ibid._n a_o rape_n commit_v in_o the_o field_n and_o in_o the_o city_n the_o difference_n page_n 75_o ravishment_n whether_o in_o war_n lawful_a 463._o the_o most_o civilise_a nation_n restrain_v it_o 464._o against_o it_o no_o law_n extant_a before_o moses_n page_n 110_o reason_n adequate_v what_o it_o operate_v 408._o the_o foundation_n of_o law_n 6._o nature_n best_a guide_n page_n 11_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n direct_v we_o to_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o 192._o none_n so_o ready_o obey_v as_o he_o that_o know_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n not_o always_o the_o same_o with_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o law_n ibid._n when_o the_o self_n same_o reason_n justify_v a_o extend_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n of_o a_o promise_n page_n 196_o 197_o the_o reception_n of_o malefactor_n tolerate_v unless_o they_o be_v such_o as_o disturb_v the_o peace_n page_n 398_o 399_o 550_o 551_o the_o reception_n of_o exile_n fugitive_n and_o such_o as_o come_v to_o inhabit_v no_o breach_n of_o peace_n page_n 550_o 551_o redemption_n of_o captive_n much_o favour_v ibid._n the_o redeem_a how_o far_o bind_v to_o the_o redeemer_n page_n 490_o for_o the_o redemption_n of_o captive_n the_o consecrate_a vessel_n sell_v page_n 561_o reformado_n what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o internal_a justice_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o themselves_o or_o their_o prince_n 535._o what_o christian_a charity_n require_v of_o they_o ibid._n refuge_n city_n of_o what_o use_n page_n 397_o regal_a power_n exercise_v by_o the_o roman_a dictator_n though_o not_o under_o the_o title_n of_o king_n page_n 41_o relief_n send_v to_o a_o town_n close_o besiege_v to_o what_o it_o oblige_v page_n 435_o religion_n man_n chance_n not_o choice_n every_o nation_n think_v his_o own_o best_a 389._o in_o what_o sense_n it_o belong_v unto_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 387._o it_o restrain_v both_o prince_n and_o people_n 386._o how_o necessary_a for_o humane_a society_n ibid._n its_o foundation_n be_v to_o know_v god_n and_o his_o providence_n 388_o 382._o it_o depend_v among_o the_o jew_n upon_o no_o other_o humane_a authority_n than_o upon_o the_o king_n and_o sanhedrim_n 59_o in_o defence_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o liberty_n war_n lawful_a page_n 416_o religion_n free_o leave_v to_o the_o conquer_a no_o prejudice_n to_o the_o conqueror_n page_n 527_o religious_a place_n obnoxious_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 465._o they_o ought_v to_o be_v spare_v page_n 515_o to_o remit_v punishment_n sometime_o better_a than_o to_o exact_v they_o page_n 376_o renegado_n punishable_a when_o page_n 396_o rent_n not_o to_o be_v abate_v for_o a_o barren_a year_n page_n 162_o renunciation_n of_o a_o kingdom_n whether_o it_o prejudice_v the_o child_n bear_v or_o unborn_a page_n 124_o 125_o 131_o reparation_n for_o damage_n do_v primary_o and_o secondary_o 201._o he_o that_o encourage_v or_o commend_v a_o malefactor_n be_v bind_v ibid._n to_o reparation_n how_o far_o a_o homicide_n be_v bind_v 202._o so_o for_o mutilation_n loss_n of_o liberty_n adultery_n ravishment_n robbery_n defraud_v of_o the_o king_n custom_n ibid._n the_o principal_n and_o accessary_n how_o far_o bind_v to_o repair_v damage_n page_n 201_o to_o reparation_n they_o be_v not_o bind_v that_o omit_v what_o in_o charity_n be_v due_a ibid._n reparation_n for_o damage_n do_v to_o friend_n by_o letter_n of_o marque_n grant_v against_o enemy_n whether_o due_a from_o the_o grantors_n page_n 203_o
we_o in_o political_a consultation_n 419_o of_o rule_n or_o dominion_n the_o desire_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n to_o be_v rule_v no_o cause_n of_o war_n page_n 407_o s._n sabacon_n convert_v capital_a punishment_n into_o servile_a work_n page_n 372_o sabbath_n the_o symbol_n of_o the_o creation_n 387._o its_o law_n more_o indispensable_a than_o any_o other_o ibid._n its_o breach_n why_o punish_v by_o death_n ibid._n drive_v away_o by_o the_o danger_n of_o life_n 59_o make_v for_o the_o refreshment_n of_o servant_n page_n 521_o sacred_a thing_n in_o what_o sense_n public_a 465._o whether_o subject_n to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n ibid._n &_o 466._o render_v by_o their_o city_n cease_v to_o be_v sacred_a ibid._n make_v profane_a by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n ibid._n in_o war_n to_o be_v spare_v page_n 515_o sacrilege_n in_o war_n not_o punishable_a page_n 465_o it_o be_v sacrilege_n to_o violate_v temple_n and_o altar_n page_n 515_o sacreligious_a person_n to_o be_v cast_v out_o unburied_a page_n 219_o safety_n of_o the_o conqueror_n how_o provide_v for_o page_n 525_o 526_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a consist_v in_o the_o preservation_n of_o its_o part_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a page_n 57_o safe-conduct_a to_o such_o a_o place_n how_o understand_v 568._o how_o far_o it_o extend_v to_o person_n good_n or_o attendant_n 544._o what_o it_o imply_v page_n 560_o the_o saguntines_n case_n discuss_v page_n 193_o sampsons_n death_n page_n 219_o sanedrin_n call_v god_n page_n 47_o satisfaction_n to_o be_v demand_v before_o war_n be_v denounce_v 367._o to_o be_v tender_v by_o he_o that_o have_v offend_v 77._o if_o refuse_v justify_v a_o war_n ibid._n saul_n whether_o he_o die_v impenitent_a page_n 219_o scarcity_n of_o money_n and_o provision_n shorten_v a_o war_n page_n 511_o schoolman_n their_o singular_a modesty_n pref._n nineteeen_o their_o opinion_n concern_v lie_v and_o equivocation_n 444._o the_o generality_n follow_v st._n augustine_n ibid._n scripture_n what_o they_o bare_o recite_v and_o reprove_v not_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o condemn_v 449._o to_o understand_v two_o main_a help_n page_n 25_o sea_n take_v either_o universal_o or_o in_o its_o part_n whether_o occupyable_a 80._o it_o can_v be_v possess_v because_o not_o bound_v ibid._n may_v be_v hold_v in_o propriety_n and_o how_o 89._o near_o the_o shore_n occupyable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 90._o fill_v up_o and_o let_v in_o to_o the_o land_n by_o the_o roman_n 90_o 91._o serve_v for_o three_o use_n water_n fish_v and_o navigation_n page_n 80_o the_o sea_n empire_n over_o it_o part_n how_o lose_v page_n 92_o 93_o sect_n all_o hold_v somewhat_o that_o be_v true_a none_o infallible_a pref._n xuj_o self-murder_n not_o valour_n but_o madness_n page_n 218_o 219_o the_o sentence_n do_v not_o proper_o give_v a_o right_n 448_o 449._o sometime_o divide_v sometime_o conjoin_v page_n 113_o sepultus_fw-la and_o humatus_fw-la the_o difference_n page_n 214_o sepulcher_n subject_a to_o the_o conqueror_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 467_o sergius_n paulus_n a_o magistrate_n after_o his_o conversion_n page_n 20_o servus_n quasi_fw-la servatus_fw-la page_n 482_o servant_n may_v do_v what_o be_v unjust_a and_o yet_o be_v just_a 429._o not_o punishable_a for_o what_o they_o do_v be_v command_v ibid._n not_o judge_n of_o their_o master_n command_n but_o executioner_n ibid._n not_o examine_v by_o the_o roman_n without_o torture_n 28._o prohibit_v by_o the_o canon_n to_o forsake_v their_o master_n how_o understand_v 116_o 117_o 483._o whether_o they_o may_v resist_v their_o master_n ibid._n or_o take_v reward_n for_o their_o labour_n ibid._n if_o good_a to_o be_v use_v as_o brethren_n page_v 520_o servitude_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n 117._o its_o degree_n ibid._n not_o repugnant_a to_o nature_n 115_o 116._o perfect_a and_o imperfect_a page_n 115_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n towards_o the_o conquer_a page_n 503_o see_v slave_n severity_n then_o seasonable_a when_o delinquent_n be_v few_o page_n 37_o severity_n extreme_a too_o near_o a_o neighbour_n to_o cruelty_n 456._o of_o lord_n justify_v the_o servant_n flight_n page_n 116_o sex_n prefer_v in_o succession_n to_o kingdom_n before_o age_n page_n 128_o sign_n testify_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_v page_n 98_o signification_n though_o improper_a sometime_o admit_v page_n 193_o ship_n when_o say_v to_o be_v take_v 470._o of_o war_n with_o the_o tackle_n and_o ordnance_n take_v the_o king_n 480._o if_o they_o hurt_v any_o whether_o the_o master_n stand_v oblige_v 204._o where_o be_v many_o innocent_n whether_o to_o be_v batter_v with_o ordnance_n page_n 434_o shore_n how_o common_a and_o how_o hold_v in_o propriety_n 90._o forsake_v by_o the_o river_n who_o 138._o be_v the_o occupant_n shed_v for_o shelter_n may_v be_v build_v thereon_o page_n 85._o silence_n when_o take_v for_o consent_n 98_o 99_o if_o not_o free_a work_v nothing_o ibid._n simulation_n in_o war_n laudable_a to_o deceive_v a_o enemy_n page_n 137_o 138_o 139_o simplicity_n of_o our_o first_o parent_n wherein_o page_z 79_o single_a combat_n from_o whence_o 368._o in_o what_o case_n lawful_a page_n 76_o sin_n reacted_n aggravate_v the_o punishment_n 379_o the_o most_o customary_a the_o more_o severe_a 382._o differ_v with_o man_n age_n and_o complexion_n 380._o of_o humane_a infirmity_n not_o punishable_a by_o humane_a law_n 374._o some_o unavoidable_a to_o some_o complexion_n 375._o visit_v upon_o parent_n and_o their_o child_n what_o 402._o against_o the_o second_o table_n their_o degree_n page_n 379_o to_o sin_n he_o that_o urge_v another_o sin_n himself_o page_n 445_o 446_o sister_n two_o to_o marry_v ancient_o lawful_a page_n 111_o a_o slave_n what_o 115_o 116._o not_o to_o resist_v his_o lord_n 483._o too_o severe_o use_v may_v fly_v 116_o 117._o take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n and_o make_v a_o escape_n whether_o he_o may_v carry_v any_o thing_n with_o he_o 483._o what_o ere_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o be_v unpunishable_a ibid._n have_v nothing_o of_o his_o own_o page_n 483_o 484_o of_o slave_n a_o multitude_n can_v constitute_v a_o city_n 486._o some_o permit_v to_o make_v their_o will_n 523._o in_o case_n of_o famine_n or_o cruelty_n they_o may_v appeal_v to_o the_o magistrate_n ibid._n a_o slave_n may_v merit_v from_o his_o lord_n and_o raise_v himself_o a_o stock_n 522._o not_o to_o be_v kill_v nor_o too_o rigorous_o punish_v nor_o oppress_v with_o over_o hard_a labour_n 520_o 521_o 522._o after_o very_o hard_a service_n reward_v with_o freedom_n and_o not_o to_o go_v away_o empty_a hand_a 523._o to_o be_v use_v as_o a_o hireling_n 521._o the_o hebrew_n and_o roman_n very_o merciful_a to_o they_o page_n 520_o where_o slavery_n be_v not_o in_o use_n exchange_n of_o prisoner_n and_o ransom_n succeed_v page_n 523_o society_n the_o foundation_n of_o law_n pref._n four_o v._n and_o reason_n man_n best_a weapon_n ibid._n a_o society_n and_o a_o city_n how_o they_o differ_v page_n 50_o civil_a society_n a_o human_a institution_n page_n 59_o society_n not_o to_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o hebrew_n with_o who_o page_n 184_o society_n of_o insurance_n against_o danger_n page_n 164_o society_n where_o work_n be_v set_v against_o money_n ibid._n in_o society_n the_o major_a part_n oblige_v the_o whole_a 113._o what_o right_o they_o have_v over_o their_o member_n page_n 114_o society_n with_o profane_a what_o and_o how_o far_o dangerous_a and_o how_o they_o may_v be_v avoid_v page_n 186_o where_o divers_a society_n have_v unequal_a share_n how_o the_o vote_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v page_n 114_o society_n hold_v not_o where_o any_o one_o part_n have_v no_o hope_n of_o gain_n page_n 163_o 164_o society_n naval_a page_n 164_o social_n war_n its_o division_n page_n 183_o see_v associate_n sojourner_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n may_v in_o war_n be_v make_v captive_n page_v 472_o to_o solicit_v subject_n to_o betray_v their_o own_o prince_n unlawful_a page_n 445_o soil_v lie_v waste_n may_v be_v give_v to_o stranger_n page_n 85_o sold_n twice_o who_o they_o be_v page_n 161_o solemn_a war_n can_v be_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n 252._o it_o have_v its_o peculiar_a right_n page_n 456_o 480_o a_o son_n when_o he_o may_v accuse_v his_o own_o father_n of_o treason_n page_n 209_o the_o son_n bear_v before_o the_o father_n be_v king_n prefer_v before_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v after_o page_n 131_o son_n adopt_a whether_o capable_a of_o succession_n page_n 127_o 128_o sovereignty_n not_o lose_v by_o a_o promise_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o of_o natural_a or_o divine_a right_n 45._o nor_o by_o misgovernment_n lose_v page_n 73_o soldier_n to_o choose_v their_o general_n dangerous_a 143_o 144._o straggle_v from_o the_o army_n and_o plunder_v may_v be_v kill_v 374._o of_o fortune_n fight_v for_o plunder_n and_o pay_n 426._o life_n most_o miserable_a
very_o forceable_a as_o issue_v from_o that_o which_o nature_n herself_o do_v if_o not_o command_v yet_o at_o least_o commend_v unto_o we_o as_o the_o more_o honest_a of_o which_o kind_n there_o be_v many_o which_o afford_v abundance_n of_o matter_n for_o law_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a and_o therefore_o the_o hebrew_n do_v not_o precise_o tie_v themselves_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o right_a line_n that_o be_v express_v in_o the_o law_n but_o comprehend_v under_o they_o many_o degree_n that_o be_v not_o there_o mention_v by_o a_o manifest_a parity_n of_o reason_n the_o name_n whereof_o with_o they_o be_v these_o the_o mother_n of_o his_o mother_n the_o mother_n of_o his_o mother_n father_n his_o father_n mother_n the_o mother_n of_o his_o father_n father_n the_o wife_n of_o his_o father_n father_n the_o wife_n of_o his_o mother_n father_n his_o son_n wife_n the_o wife_n of_o his_o son_n son_n the_o wife_n of_o his_o daughter_n son_n the_o daughter_n of_o his_o son_n daughter_n the_o daughter_n of_o his_o son_n son_n the_o daughter_n of_o his_o daughter_n daughter_n the_o daughter_n of_o his_o daughter_n son_n the_o daughter_n of_o his_o wife_n son_n daughter_n the_o daughter_n of_o his_o wife_n daughter_n daughter_n the_o mother_n of_o his_o wife_n father_n mother_n the_o mother_n of_o his_o wife_n mother_n father_n that_o be_v to_o say_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a dialect_n all_o grandmother_n and_o great_a grandmother_n the_o grand_a and_o great_a grand-mothers-in-law_n the_o nephew_n and_o niece_n daughter_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o son-in-law_n the_o nephew_n wife_n and_o the_o wife_n mother_n and_o grandmother_n because_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o the_o kindred_n on_o the_o mother_n side_n as_o for_o that_o on_o the_o father_n and_o so_o under_o the_o first_o degree_n be_v comprehend_v the_o second_o and_o under_o the_o second_o the_o three_o beyond_o which_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o any_o controversy_n shall_v arise_v which_o may_v otherwise_o proceed_v in_o infinitum_fw-la now_o these_o law_n together_o with_o that_o which_o prohibit_v brother_n and_o sister_n to_o marry_v one_o another_o the_o hebrew_n reckon_v among_o those_o which_o god_n give_v unto_o adam_n which_o be_v these_o son_n the_o six_o precept_n give_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n and_o noah_n son_n first_o that_o enjoin_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n second_o that_o command_v the_o ordain_v of_o magistrate_n and_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n three_o that_o against_o the_o shed_n of_o innocent_a blood_n four_o that_o against_o image_n or_o idol-worship_n five_o that_o against_o rapine_n and_o sixthly_a this_o against_o incest_n yet_o so_o that_o this_o last_o be_v not_o to_o be_v in_o force_n till_o the_o world_n be_v well_o replenish_v with_o mankind_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n can_v not_o be_v avoid_v neither_o do_v they_o think_v it_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o say_v that_o moses_n make_v no_o relation_n of_o any_o such_o law_n give_v to_o adam_n forbid_v such_o marriage_n for_o he_o think_v it_o sufficient_a tacit_o to_o couch_v it_o in_o the_o law_n itself_o wherein_o he_o declare_v that_o the_o nation_n be_v punish_v for_o these_o very_a sin_n which_o they_o can_v not_o just_o have_v be_v have_v there_o not_o be_v a_o law_n give_v they_o that_o do_v forbid_v they_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n record_v in_o the_o law_n not_o in_o order_n of_o time_n but_o as_o occasion_v serve_v to_o express_v they_o it_o will_v nothing_o avail_v then_o to_o say_v that_o these_o incestuous_a marriage_n be_v not_o sin_n because_o there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o they_o before_o moses_n for_o no_o more_o be_v there_o any_o law_n then_o extant_a to_o punish_v adultery_n with_o death_n posterius_fw-la gen._n 38.24_o no_o law_n extant_a to_o punish_v incest_n rape_n or_o adultery_n yet_o we_o find_v these_o punish_v before_o moses_n in_o the_o story_n of_o thaâ—ar_n dinah_n and_o reuben_n in_o the_o jewish_a law_n there_o be_v neither_o prius_fw-la nor_o posterius_fw-la yet_o we_o find_v thamar_n sentence_v to_o death_n for_o it_o by_o judah_n so_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o sichemite_n by_o simeon_n and_o levi_n be_v just_a for_o ravish_v their_o sister_n dinah_n though_o we_o read_v of_o no_o law_n then_o publish_v against_o it_o and_o the_o incest_n of_o reuben_n deserve_v his_o father_n curse_n though_o the_o law_n forbid_v it_o be_v not_o record_v for_o it_o be_v sufficient_o condemn_v in_o this_o that_o the_o nation_n be_v cast_v out_o by_o god_n for_o these_o thing_n whereby_o it_o may_v probable_o be_v conclude_v that_o god_n have_v give_v such_o law_n to_o mankind_n before_o moses_n his_o time_n though_o they_o be_v but_o obscure_o glance_v at_o by_o he_o and_o indeed_o the_o jew_n have_v a_o notable_a wise_a say_n which_o give_v some_o light_n to_o those_o dark_a time_n namely_o that_o in_o their_o law_n there_o be_v neither_o prius_fw-la nor_o posterius_fw-la first_o nor_o last_o for_o many_o thing_n be_v recite_v without_o order_n as_o touch_v the_o marriage_n of_o brother_n and_o sister_n the_o very_a word_n of_o michael_n ephesius_n be_v these_o for_o brother_n and_o sister_n to_o lie_v together_o be_v at_o the_o first_o indifferent_a but_o when_o there_o be_v a_o law_n that_o forbid_v such_o coition_n then_o whether_o that_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v or_o not_o be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v and_o therefore_o diodorus_n siculus_n note_n 1._o lib._n 1._o that_o to_o abstain_v from_o such_o commixture_n be_v the_o common_a custom_n of_o all_o man_n the_o egyptian_n only_o except_v though_o dion_n prusaeensis_n except_v also_o the_o barbarian_n seneca_n write_v thus_o we_o say_v he_o join_v the_o god_n in_o marriage_n but_o with_o very_o little_a piety_n for_o we_o marry_v together_o brother_n and_o sister_n leg._n l._n 8._o de_fw-fr leg._n plato_n call_v such_o marriage_n profane_a and_o abominable_a before_o god_n whereby_o we_o may_v discern_v how_o mean_a a_o opinion_n other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o jew_n have_v of_o these_o incestuous_a marriage_n which_o they_o seldom_o mention_v without_o a_o nefas_n to_o testify_v their_o dislike_n of_o they_o all_o brother_n and_o sister_n as_o well_o on_o the_o mother_n side_n as_o on_o the_o father_n side_n that_o be_v as_o well_o of_o the_o half_a as_o whole_a blood_n be_v comprise_v within_o this_o law_n whether_o they_o be_v educate_v at_o home_n or_o abroad_o as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o chaldee_n paraphra_v fourteen_o remote_a degree_n seem_v not_o forbid_v now_o these_o marriage_n be_v express_o forbid_v seem_v to_o justify_v or_o at_o the_o least_o to_o tolerate_v those_o in_o more_o remote_a degree_n for_o to_o marry_v a_o aunt_n that_o be_v his_o father_n sister_n be_v express_o prohibit_v but_o yet_o to_o marry_v his_o brother_n daughter_n which_o be_v equal_a in_o degree_n be_v not_o such_o be_v sarah_n to_o abraham_n as_o josephus_n think_v 76._o think_v hist_o l._n 12._o jos_n ant._n hist_o lib._n 12._o and_o lib._n 76._o nay_o there_o be_v diverse_a precedent_n for_o this_o among_o the_o jew_n and_o after_o the_o law_n give_v the_o same_o josephus_n give_v we_o example_n in_o herod_n who_o marry_v his_o brother_n daughter_n and_o give_v his_o own_o daughter_n to_o his_o brother_n pherotas_n there_o be_v certain_a marriage_n late_o contract_v say_v tacitus_n which_o to_o we_o be_v strange_a though_o not_o so_o with_o other_o nation_n because_o forbid_v by_o no_o law_n namely_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v marry_v his_o brother_n daughter_n this_o be_v hold_v lawful_a among_o the_o athenian_n as_o isaeus_n and_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o lysias_n record_n whereof_o the_o jew_n give_v this_o reason_n because_o young_a man_n do_v daily_o frequent_v and_o be_v more_o usual_o bring_v up_o in_o their_o grandfather_n and_o grandmother_n house_n among_o their_o aunt_n than_o their_o aunt_n be_v in_o their_o brother_n among_o their_o nephew_n neither_o have_v they_o there_o so_o much_o right_o which_o if_o we_o do_v admit_v as_o it_o be_v indeed_o very_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n than_o we_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o law_n which_o interdict_v marriage_n with_o kindred_n in_o the_o right_a degree_n and_o with_o sister_n from_o whence_o spring_v the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n at_o first_o be_v now_o perpetual_a and_o oblige_v all_o man_n be_v ground_v upon_o natural_a honesty_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v against_o this_o law_n may_v be_v make_v null_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o impediment_n that_o be_v last_a and_o permanent_a but_o what_o be_v do_v against_o other_o law_n be_v not_o so_o as_o be_v but_o cautionary_a against_o this_o which_o may_v be_v otherwise_o provide_v against_o sure_o i_o be_o sister_n marriage_n of_o two_o sister_n that_o by_o the_o nineteenth_o canon_n of_o those_o that_o be_v call_v the_o apostle_n they_o that_o