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cause_n circle_n earth_n zone_n 26 3 12.7530 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A09800 The philosophie, commonlie called, the morals vvritten by the learned philosopher Plutarch of Chæronea. Translated out of Greeke into English, and conferred with the Latine translations and the French, by Philemon Holland of Coventrie, Doctor in Physicke. VVhereunto are annexed the summaries necessary to be read before every treatise; Moralia. English Plutarch.; Holland, Philemon, 1552-1637. 1603 (1603) STC 20063; ESTC S115981 2,366,913 1,440

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opinion_n that_o the_o wind_n be_v a_o fluxion_n of_o the_o air_n when_o as_o the_o most_o subtle_a and_o liquid_a part_n thereof_o be_v either_o stir_v or_o melt_v and_o resolve_v by_o the_o sun_n the_o stoic_n affirm_v that_o every_o blast_n be_v a_o fluxion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o mutation_n of_o region_n they_o change_v their_o name_n as_o for_o example_n that_o which_o blow_v from_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n and_o sun_n set_v be_v name_v zephyrus_n from_o the_o east_n and_o sun_n rise_v apeliotes_n from_o the_o north_n boreas_n and_o from_o the_o south_n lib_n metrodorus_n suppose_v that_o a_o waterish_a vapour_n be_v inchafe_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n produce_v and_o raise_v these_o wind_n and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o be_v anniversary_n name_v etesia_n they_o blow_v when_o the_o air_n about_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v thicken_v and_o congeal_v with_o cold_a and_o so_o accompany_v the_o sun_n and_o flow_v as_o it_o be_v with_o he_o as_o he_o retire_v from_o the_o summer_n tropic_n after_o the_o 〈◊〉_d solstice_n chap._n viii_o of_o winter_n and_o summer_n empedocles_n and_o the_o stoic_n do_v hold_v that_o winter_n come_v when_o the_o air_n be_v predominant_a in_o thickness_n and_o be_v force_v upward_o but_o summer_n when_o the_o fire_n be_v in_o that_o wise_a predominant_a and_o be_v drive_v downward_o thus_o have_v discourse_v of_o the_o impression_n aloft_o in_o the_o air_n we_o will_v treat_v also_o by_o the_o way_n of_o those_o which_o be_v see_v upon_o and_o about_o the_o earth_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o earth_n the_o substance_n and_o magnitude_n thereof_o thales_n with_o his_o follower_n affirm_v there_o be_v but_o one_o earth_n 〈◊〉_d the_o pythagorean_n maintain_v twain_o one_o here_o and_o another_o opposite_a against_o it_o which_o the_o antipode_n inhabit_v the_o stoic_n say_v there_o be_v one_o earth_n and_o the_o same_o finite_a xenophane_v hold_v that_o beneath_o it_o be_v found_v upon_o a_o infinite_a depth_n and_o that_o compact_v it_o be_v of_o air_n and_o fire_n metrodorus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o earth_n be_v the_o very_a sediment_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o water_n like_v as_o 〈◊〉_d sun_n be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o air_n chap._n x._o the_o form_n of_o the_o earth_n thales_n the_o stoic_n and_o their_o school_n affirm_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v round_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o globe_n or_o ball_n anaximander_n resemble_v the_o earth_n unto_o a_o column_n or_o pillar_n of_o stone_n such_o as_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o superficies_n thereof_o anaximenes_n compare_v it_o to_o a_o flat_a table_n leucippus_n unto_o a_o drum_n or_o tabor_n democritus_n say_v that_o it_o be_v in_o form_n broad_a in_o manner_n of_o a_o platter_n hollow_a in_o the_o mid_n chap._n xi_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o earth_n the_o disciple_n of_o thales_n maintain_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v seat_v in_o midst_n of_o the_o world_n xenophane_v affirm_v that_o it_o be_v first_o found_v and_o root_v as_o it_o be_v to_o a_o infinite_a depth_n philolaus_n the_o pythagorean_n say_v that_o fire_n be_v the_o middle_n as_o be_v the_o hearth_n of_o the_o world_n in_o the_o second_o place_n he_o range_v the_o earth_n of_o the_o antipode_n and_o in_o the_o three_o this_o wherein_o we_o inhabit_v which_o lie_v opposite_a unto_o that_o counter_a earth_n and_o turn_v about_o it_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n quoth_v he_o that_o those_o who_o dwell_v there_o be_v not_o see_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n here_o parmenides_n be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d philosopher_n who_o set_v out_o and_o limit_v the_o habitable_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o wit_n those_o which_o be_v under_o the_o two_o zone_n unto_o the_o tropic_n or_o solsticiall_a circle_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o bend_n of_o the_o earth_n pythagoras_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o earth_n incline_v towards_o the_o meridional_a part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v in_o those_o south_n coast_n for_o that_o the_o septentrional_a tract_n be_v congeal_v and_o freeze_v with_o cold_a whereas_o the_o opposite_a region_n be_v inflame_v and_o burn_v democritus_n yield_v this_o reason_n because_o of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v weak_a towards_o the_o south_n quoth_v he_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o grow_v and_o increase_v do_v bend_v to_o that_o side_n for_o the_o north_n part_v be_v 〈◊〉_d whereas_o contrariwise_o the_o southeren_n part_n be_v temperate_a in_o which_o regard_n it_o weigh_v more_o that_o way_n whereas_o indeed_o it_o be_v more_o plentiful_a in_o bear_v fruit_n and_o those_o grow_n to_o great_a augmentation_n chap._n xiii_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n some_o hold_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v unmoveable_a and_o quite_o but_o philolaus_n the_o pythagorean_n say_v that_o it_o move_v round_o about_o the_o fire_n in_o the_o oblique_a circle_n according_a as_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n do_v heraclides_fw-la of_o pontus_n and_o ecphantus_n the_o pythagorean_n will_v indeed_o have_v the_o earth_n to_o move_v howbeit_o not_o from_o place_n to_o place_n but_o rather_o after_o a_o turn_a manner_n like_o unto_o a_o wheel_n upon_o the_o axle_n tree_n from_o west_n to_o east_n round_o about_o her_o own_o centre_n democritus_n say_v that_o the_o earth_n at_o first_o wander_v to_o and_o fro_o by_o reason_n as_o well_o of_o smallness_n as_o lightness_n but_o wax_v in_o time_n thick_a and_o heavy_a it_o come_v to_o rest_v unmoveable_a chap._n xiiii_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o how_o many_o zone_n it_o have_v pythagoras_n say_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o five_o zone_n proportionable_o to_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o universal_a heaven_n to_o wit_n the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o tropic_a of_o summer_n the_o tropic_a of_o winter_n the_o aequinoctial_a and_o the_o antarctic_a of_o which_o the_o middlemost_a do_v determine_v and_o set_v out_o the_o very_a mid_n and_o heart_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n it_o be_v name_v torrida_fw-la zona_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o burn_a climate_n but_o that_o region_n be_v habitable_a as_o be_v temperate_a which_o lie_v in_o the_o mid_n between_o the_o summer_n and_o the_o winter_n tropic_n chap._n xv._n of_o earthquake_n thales_n and_o democritus_n attribute_v the_o cause_n of_o earthquake_n unto_o water_n the_o stoic_n thus_o define_v and_o say_v earthquake_n be_v the_o moisture_n within_o the_o earth_n subtiliate_v and_o resolve_v into_o the_o air_n and_o so_o break_v out_o perforce_o anaximenes_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o rarity_n and_o dryness_n of_o the_o earth_n together_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o earthquake_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v engender_v by_o excessive_a drought_n the_o other_o by_o glut_v of_o rain_n anaxagoras_n hold_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v get_v within_o the_o earth_n and_o meet_v with_o the_o superficies_n thereof_o which_o it_o find_v tough_a and_o thick_a so_o as_o it_o can_v get_v forth_o it_o shake_v it_o in_o manner_n of_o tremble_a aritstotle_n allege_v the_o antiperistasis_n of_o the_o circumstant_fw-la cold_a which_o environ_v it_o about_o on_o every_o side_n both_z above_z and_o beneath_o for_o heat_n endevore_v and_o make_v haste_n to_o mount_v aloft_o as_o be_v by_o nature_n light_n a_o dry_a exhalation_n therefore_o find_v itself_o enclose_v within_o and_o staid_a strive_v to_o make_v way_n through_o the_o cliff_n and_o thick_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o business_n it_o can_v choose_v but_o by_o turn_v to_o and_o fro_o up_o and_o down_o disquiet_n and_o shake_v the_o earth_n metrodorus_n be_v of_o mind_n that_o no_o body_n be_v in_o the_o own_o proper_a and_o natural_a place_n can_v stir_v or_o move_v unless_o some_o one_o do_v actual_o thrust_v or_o pull_v it_o the_o earth_n therefore_o quoth_v he_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o own_o place_n natural_o move_v not_o howsoever_o some_o placesthereof_o may_v remove_v into_o other_o parmenides_n and_o democritus_n reason_n in_o this_o wise_a for_o that_o the_o earth_n on_o every_o side_n be_v of_o equal_a distance_n and_o confine_v still_o in_o one_o counterpoise_n as_o have_v no_o cause_n wherefore_o it_o shall_v incline_v more_o to_o the_o one_o side_n than_o to_o the_o other_o therefore_o well_o it_o may_v shake_v only_o but_o not_o stir_v or_o remove_v for_o all_o that_o anaximenes_n say_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o air_n for_o that_o it_o be_v broad_a and_o flat_a other_o say_v that_o it_o float_v upon_o the_o water_n like_z as_o plank_n or_o board_n and_o that_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o move_v plato_n affirm_v that_o of_o all_o motion_n there_o be_v six_o sort_n of_o circumstance_n above_o beneath_z on_o the_o right_a hand_n on_o the_o left_a before_o and_o behind_o also_o that_o the_o earth_n can_v possible_o move_v according_a to_o any_o of_o these_o difference_n for_o that_o on_o every_o
side_n it_o lie_v low_a of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n and_o by_o occasion_n thereof_o rest_v unmooveable_a have_v no_o cause_n why_o it_o shall_v incline_v more_o to_o one_o part_n than_o to_o another_o but_o yet_o some_o place_n of_o she_o because_o of_o their_o rarity_n do_v jog_v and_o shake_v epicurus_n keep_v his_o old_a tune_n say_v it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v shog_v and_o as_o it_o be_v rock_v and_o beat_v by_o the_o air_n underneath_o which_o be_v gross_a and_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n therefore_o move_v and_o quake_v as_o also_o it_o may_v be_v quoth_v he_o that_o be_v hollow_a and_o full_a of_o hole_n in_o the_o part_n below_o it_o be_v force_v to_o tremble_v and_o shake_v by_o the_o air_n that_o be_v get_v within_o the_o cave_n and_o concavity_n and_o there_o enclose_v chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o sea_n how_o it_o be_v make_v and_o come_v to_o be_v bitter_a anaximander_n affirm_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o residue_n remain_v of_o the_o primitive_a humidity_n whereof_o the_o sun_n have_v burn_v up_o and_o consume_v a_o great_a part_n the_o rest_n behind_o he_o alter_v and_o turn_v from_o the_o natural_a kind_n by_o his_o excessive_a ardent_a heat_n anaxagoras_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_v first_o humidity_n be_v diffuse_v and_o spread_v abroad_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o pool_n or_o great_a mere_a be_v burn_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n about_o it_o and_o when_o the_o oileous_a substance_n thereof_o be_v exhale_v and_o consume_v the_o rest_n settle_v below_o and_o turn_v into_o a_o brackish_a and_o bitter-saltnesse_n which_o be_v the_o sea_n empedocles_n say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o sweat_n of_o the_o earth_n enchafe_v by_o the_o sun_n be_v bathe_v and_o wash_v all_o over_o aloft_o antiston_n think_v it_o to_o be_v the_o sweat_n of_o heat_n the_o moisture_n whereof_o which_o be_v within_o be_v by_o much_o seethe_a and_o boil_v send_v out_o become_v salt_n a_o thing_n ordinary_a in_o all_o sweat_v metrodorus_n suppose_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v that_o moisture_n which_o run_v through_o the_o earth_n retain_v some_o part_n of_o the_o densitie_n thereof_o like_a as_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o ash_n the_o disciple_n of_o plato_n imagine_v that_o so_o much_o of_o the_o elementary_a water_n which_o be_v congeal_v of_o the_o air_n by_o refrigeration_n be_v sweet_a and_o fresh_a but_o whatsoever_o do_v evaporate_v by_o burn_v and_o inflammation_n become_v salt_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o tide_n to_o wit_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n what_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o aristotle_n and_o heraclitus_n affirm_v that_o it_o be_v the_o sun_n which_o do_v it_o as_o who_o stir_v raise_v and_o carry_v about_o with_o he_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o come_v to_o blow_v upon_o the_o ocean_n cause_n the_o atlantic_a sea_n to_o swell_v and_o so_o make_v the_o flux_n or_o high_a water_n but_o when_o the_o same_o be_v allay_v and_o clean_o down_o the_o sea_n fall_v low_a and_o so_o cause_v a_o reflux_n and_o ebb_n or_o low_a water_n pytheas_n of_o marseils_n refer_v the_o cause_n of_o flow_v to_o the_o full_a moon_n and_o of_o ebb_a to_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o wane_n plato_n attribute_v all_o to_o a_o certain_a rise_n of_o the_o water_n say_v there_o be_v such_o a_o elevation_n that_o through_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o cave_n carry_v the_o ebb_n and_o flow_v to_o and_o fro_o by_o the_o mean_n whereof_o the_o sea_n do_v rise_v and_o flow_v contrary_o timaeus_n allege_v the_o cause_n hereof_o to_o be_v the_o river_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o mountain_n in_o gaul_n enter_v into_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n which_o by_o their_o violent_a corruption_n drive_v before_o they_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n cause_n the_o flow_n and_o by_o their_o cease_n and_o return_v back_o by_o time_n the_o ebb_n seleucus_z the_o mathematician_n who_o affirm_v also_o that_o the_o earth_n move_v say_v that_o the_o motion_n thereof_o be_v opposite_a and_o contrary_a to_o that_o of_o the_o moon_n also_o that_o the_o wind_n be_v drive_v to_o and_o fro_o by_o these_o two_o contrary_a revolution_n blow_v and_o beat_v upon_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n trouble_v the_o sea_n also_o and_o no_o marvel_n according_a as_o it_o be_v disquiet_v itself_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o round_a circle_n call_v halo_n this_o halo_n be_v make_v after_o this_o manner_n between_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o any_o other_o star_n and_o our_o eyesight_n there_o gather_v a_o gross_a and_o misty_a air_n by_o which_o air_n anon_o our_o sight_n come_v to_o be_v reflect_v and_o diffuse_v and_o afterward_o the_o same_o incur_v upon_o the_o say_a star_n according_a to_o the_o exterior_a circumference_n thereof_o and_o thereupon_o appear_v a_o circle_n round_o about_o the_o star_n which_o be_v there_o see_v be_v call_v halo_n for_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o apparent_a impression_n be_v close_o unto_o that_o upon_o which_o our_o sight_n so_o enlarge_v as_o be_v before_o say_v do_v fall_v the_o four_o book_n of_o philosopher_n opinion_n the_o prooeme_n have_v run_v through_o the_o general_a part_n of_o the_o world_n i_o will_v now_o pass_v unto_o the_o particular_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o rise_n and_o inundation_n of_o nilus_n thales_n think_v that_o the_o anniversarie_n wind_v call_v etcsiae_fw-la blow_v direct_o against_o egypt_n cause_n the_o water_n of_o nilus_n to_o swell_v for_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v drive_v by_o these_o wind_n enter_v within_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o say_a river_n and_o hinder_v it_o that_o it_o can_v discharge_v itself_o free_o into_o the_o sea_n but_o be_v repulse_v backward_o euthymenes_n of_o marseils_n suppose_v that_o this_o river_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o the_o great_a sea_n lie_v without_o the_o continent_n which_o he_o imagine_v to_o be_v fresh_a and_o sweet_a anaxagoras_n say_v that_o this_o happen_v by_o the_o snow_n in_o aethiopia_n which_o melt_v in_o summer_n and_o be_v congeal_v and_o freeze_v in_o winter_n democritus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v long_o of_o the_o snow_n in_o the_o north_n part_n which_o about_o the_o aestival_n solstice_n and_o return_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v dissolve_v and_o dilate_a breed_v vapour_n and_o of_o they_o be_v engender_v cloud_n which_o be_v drive_v by_o the_o etesian_a wind_n into_o aethiopia_n and_o egypt_n towards_o the_o south_n cause_n great_a and_o violent_a reins_n wherewith_o both_o lake_n and_o the_o river_n also_o nilus_n be_v fill_v herodotus_n the_o historian_n write_v that_o this_o river_n have_v as_o much_o water_n from_o his_o source_n and_o spring_n in_o winter_n as_o in_o summer_n but_o to_o we_o it_o seem_v less_o in_o winter_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o near_o unto_o egypt_n cause_v the_o say_a water_n to_o evaporate_v ephorus_n the_o historiographer_n report_v that_o all_o egypt_n do_v resolve_v and_o run_v at_o it_o be_v whole_o into_o sweat_n in_o summer_n time_n whereunto_o arabia_n and_o libya_n do_v confer_v and_o contribute_v also_o their_o water_n for_o that_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v light_a and_o sandy_a eudoxus_n say_v that_o the_o priest_n of_o egypt_n assign_v the_o cause_n hereof_o to_o the_o great_a reins_n and_o the_o antiperistasis_n or_o contrary_n occurse_v of_o season_n for_o that_o when_o it_o be_v summer_n with_o we_o who_o inhabit_v within_o the_o zone_n towards_o the_o summer_n tropic_n it_o be_v winter_n with_o those_o who_o dwell_v in_o the_o opposite_a zone_n under_o the_o winter_n tropic_n whereupon_o say_v he_o proceed_v this_o great_a inundation_n of_o water_n break_v down_o unto_o the_o river_n nilus_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o soul_n thales_n be_v the_o first_o that_o define_v the_o soul_n to_o be_v a_o nature_n move_v always_o or_o have_v motion_n of_o itself_o pythagoras_n say_v it_o be_v a_o certain_a number_n move_v itself_o and_o this_o number_n he_o take_v for_o intelligence_n or_o understanding_n plato_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o intellectual_a substance_n move_n itself_o and_o that_o according_a to_o harmonical_a number_n aristotle_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o first_o entelechia_fw-la or_o primitive_a act_n of_o a_o natural_a and_o organical_a body_n have_v life_n potential_o dicearchus_n think_v it_o to_o be_v the_o harmony_n and_o concordance_n of_o the_o four_o element_n asclepiades_fw-la the_o physician_n define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o exercise_n in_o common_a of_o all_o the_o sense_n together_o chap._n iii_o whether_o the_o soul_n be_v a_o body_n and_o what_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o it_o all_o these_o philsosopher_n before_o rehearse_v suppose_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v incorporal_a that_o of_o the_o own_o nature_n it_o move_v and_o be_v a_o spiritual_a substance_n and_o the_o action_n of_o a_o